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Progress in Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:2853650. [PMID: 33204276 PMCID: PMC7661146 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2853650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the serious neurological diseases that occur in young people with high morbidity and disability. However, there is still a lack of effective treatments for it. Stem cell (SC) treatment of SCI has gradually become a new research hotspot over the past decades. This article is aimed at reviewing the research progress of SC therapy for SCI. Methods Review the literature and summarize the effects, strategies, related mechanisms, safety, and clinical application of different SC types and new approaches in combination with SC in SCI treatment. Results A large number of studies have focused on SC therapy for SCI, most of which showed good effects. The common SC types for SCI treatment include mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The modes of treatment include in vivo and in vitro induction. The pathways of transplantation consist of intravenous, transarterial, nasal, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, and intramedullary injections. Most of the SC treatments for SCI use a number of cells ranging from tens of thousands to millions. Early or late SC administration, application of immunosuppressant or not are still controversies. Potential mechanisms of SC therapy include tissue repair and replacement, neurotrophy, and regeneration and promotion of angiogenesis, antiapoptosis, and anti-inflammatory. Common safety issues include thrombosis and embolism, tumorigenicity and instability, infection, high fever, and even death. Recently, some new approaches, such as the pharmacological activation of endogenous SCs, biomaterials, 3D print, and optogenetics, have been also developed, which greatly improved the application of SC therapy for SCI. Conclusion Most studies support the effects of SC therapy on SCI, while a few studies do not. The cell types, mechanisms, and strategies of SC therapy for SCI are very different among studies. In addition, the safety cannot be ignored, and more clinical trials are required. The application of new technology will promote SC therapy of SCI.
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Yao WL, Wen Q, Zhao HY, Tang SQ, Zhang YY, Wang Y, Xu LP, Zhang XH, Huang XJ, Kong Y. Different subsets of haematopoietic cells and immune cells in bone marrow between young and older donors. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 203:137-149. [PMID: 33020903 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Young donors are reported to be associated with better transplant outcomes than older donors in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), but the mechanism is still unclear. The current study compared the different subsets of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progenitors as well as immune cells in bone marrow (BM) between young and older donors. The frequencies of HSCs, multipotent progenitors (MPPs) and myeloid progenitors, including common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) and megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEPs), were decreased, whereas those of lymphoid progenitors, including multi-potent lymphoid progenitors (MLPs) and common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), were increased in the BM of young donors compared with in that of older donors. Lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were observed in BM HSCs and six progenitor lines in young donors. Furthermore, young donors demonstrated higher frequencies of naive T cells and immune suppressor cells, such as alternative macrophages (M2) and lower frequencies of memory T cells and immune effectors, including T helper-1 and T cytotoxic-1 cells, in BM than older donors. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that donor age was independently correlated with BM HSC frequency. Although further validation is required, our results suggest that the differences in the frequency and immune differentiation potential of HSCs in BM between young donors and older donors may partly explain the different outcomes of allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-L Yao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Q Wen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - H-Y Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - S-Q Tang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Y-Y Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L-P Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - X-H Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - X-J Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Kong
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Wu Y, Zhu H, Wu H. PTEN in Regulating Hematopoiesis and Leukemogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a036244. [PMID: 31712222 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PTEN is one of the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor genes in human cancers. By counteracting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, PTEN plays an essential role in regulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) self-renewal, migration, lineage commitment, and differentiation. PTEN also plays important roles in suppressing leukemogenesis, especially T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Herein, we will review the function of PTEN in regulating hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis and discuss potential therapeutic approaches against leukemia with PTEN mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haichuan Zhu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hong Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Nembo EN, Hescheler J, Nguemo F. Stem cells in natural product and medicinal plant drug discovery-An overview of new screening approaches. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110730. [PMID: 32920519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products remain a rich source of new drugs, and the search for bioactive molecules from nature continues to play an important role in the development of new medicines. Also, there is increasing use of herbal medicines for the treatment of a plethora of diseases, and demands for more scientific evidence for their efficacy and safety remains a huge challenge. The propensity of stem cells to differentiate into almost every cell type not only holds promise for the delivery of cell-based therapies for currently incurable diseases or a useful tool in studying cell physiology and pathophysiology. Increasingly, stem cells are becoming an important tool in preclinical drug screening and toxicity testing. In this review, we examine the scientific advances made towards the use of pluripotent stem cells as a model for the screening of plant-based medicines. The combination of well-established in vitro electrophysiological and a plethora of toxicogenomic technologies, together with the optimisation of culture methods of herbal plants and pluripotent stem cells can be explored to establish the basis for efficacy, and tissue/organ-based toxicities of many currently used medicinal plants whose efficacies and toxicities remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erastus Nembu Nembo
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Filomain Nguemo
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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55
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Pei W, Shang F, Wang X, Fanti AK, Greco A, Busch K, Klapproth K, Zhang Q, Quedenau C, Sauer S, Feyerabend TB, Höfer T, Rodewald HR. Resolving Fates and Single-Cell Transcriptomes of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Clones by PolyloxExpress Barcoding. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:383-395.e8. [PMID: 32783885 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lineage tracing reveals hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fates, while single-cell RNA sequencing identifies snapshots of HSC transcriptomes. To obtain information on fate plus transcriptome in the same cell, we developed the PolyloxExpress allele, enabling Cre-recombinase-dependent RNA barcoding in situ. Linking fates to single HSC transcriptomes provided the information required to identify transcriptional signatures of HSC fates, which were not apparent in single-HSC transcriptomes alone. We find that differentiation-inactive, multilineage, and lineage-restricted HSC clones reside in distinct regions of the transcriptional landscape of hematopoiesis. Differentiation-inactive HSC clones are closer to the origin of the transcriptional trajectory, yet they are not characterized by a quiescent gene signature. Fate-specific gene signatures imply coherence of clonal HSC fates, and HSC output toward short-lived lineage progenitors indicates stability of HSC fates over time. These combined analyses of fate and transcriptome under physiological conditions may pave the way toward identifying molecular determinants of HSC fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weike Pei
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fuwei Shang
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xi Wang
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Fanti
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Greco
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Busch
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kay Klapproth
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qin Zhang
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Quedenau
- Max Delbrück Centrum, Scientific Genomics Platforms (BIMSB/BIH), Hannoversche Straße 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Max Delbrück Centrum, Scientific Genomics Platforms (BIMSB/BIH), Hannoversche Straße 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten B Feyerabend
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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56
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Loughran SJ, Haas S, Wilkinson AC, Klein AM, Brand M. Lineage commitment of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors: insights from recent single cell and lineage tracing technologies. Exp Hematol 2020; 88:1-6. [PMID: 32653531 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Blood production is essential to maintain human health, and even small perturbations in hematopoiesis can cause disease. Hematopoiesis has therefore been the focus of much research for many years. Experiments determining the lineage potentials of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in vitro and after transplantation revealed a hierarchy of progenitor cell states, where differentiating cells undergo lineage commitment-a series of irreversible changes that progressively restrict their potential. New technologies have recently been developed that allow for a more detailed analysis of the molecular states and fates of differentiating HSPCs. Proteomic and lineage-tracing approaches, alongside single-cell transcriptomic analyses, have recently helped to reveal the biological complexity underlying lineage commitment during hematopoiesis. Recent insights from these new technologies were presented by Dr. Marjorie Brand and Dr. Allon Klein in the Summer 2019 ISEH Webinar, and are discussed in this Perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Loughran
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon Haas
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine and Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, DKFZ German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam C Wilkinson
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Allon M Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marjorie Brand
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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57
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Cumano A, Berthault C, Ramond C, Petit M, Golub R, Bandeira A, Pereira P. New Molecular Insights into Immune Cell Development. Annu Rev Immunol 2020; 37:497-519. [PMID: 31026413 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During development innate lymphoid cells and specialized lymphocyte subsets colonize peripheral tissues, where they contribute to organogenesis and later constitute the first line of protection while maintaining tissue homeostasis. A few of these subsets are produced only during embryonic development and remain in the tissues throughout life. They are generated through a unique developmental program initiated in lympho-myeloid-primed progenitors, which lose myeloid and B cell potential. They either differentiate into innate lymphoid cells or migrate to the thymus to give rise to embryonic T cell receptor-invariant T cells. At later developmental stages, adaptive T lymphocytes are derived from lympho-myeloid progenitors that colonize the thymus, while lymphoid progenitors become specialized in the production of B cells. This sequence of events highlights the requirement for stratification in the establishment of immune functions that determine efficient seeding of peripheral tissues by a limited number of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cumano
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Claire Berthault
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cyrille Ramond
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , ,
| | - Maxime Petit
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rachel Golub
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Antonio Bandeira
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pablo Pereira
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
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58
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Lin CY, Hou CY, Tsai CM, Chang H. Muscle type from which satellite cells are derived plays a role in their damage response. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2020; 63:113-121. [PMID: 32594064 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_98_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of satellite cells to muscular atrophies which possess different pathological characteristics and which were induced by distinct damages. Right lower limbs of rats were exposed to denervation or disuse and later its tibialis anterior (TA) or soleus (SOL) muscles were analyzed. After confirming their functional impairments indicated by common but distinct pathological and electrophysiological characteristics, the quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of Pax7 and Pax3 expressions and the number of Pax7+ve and Pax3+ve cells were analyzed sequentially at day 0, day 7, and day 14. TA muscles of both denervation- and disuse-induced atrophy models showed persisted low level of Pax7 expression from day 7 (0.91 ± 0.23 and 0.31 ± 0.07, P = 0.06, n = 6) through day 14 (1.09 ± 0.15 and 0.4 ± 0.09 [P < 0.05]). On the other hand, significant elevations were observed in Pax3 expression in both atrophy models (2.73 ± 0.46 and 2.75 ± 0.26 [P < 0.05]) at day 7. Similar to TA muscle, resembled pattern of Pax7 and Pax3 expression changes were observed between the SOL muscles of denervation- and disused-atrophy models. These trends were further confirmed by the changes in Pax7+ve and Pax3+ve cell numbers of TA and SOL muscles in both atrophy models. Despite the distinct pathological findings, similar patterns in the changes of Pax3 and Pax7 expressions and the changes of Pax7+ve and Pax3+ve cell numbers were observed between the denervation- and disuse-induced atrophy models and this commonality was admitted among the muscle type. Therefore, we claim that the muscle regeneration orchestrated by satellite cells was governed by the muscle type in which satellite cells reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang-Yu Lin
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chun-Yin Hou
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Min Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University; Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Gao Y, Jin SZ. Strategies for treating oesophageal diseases with stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:488-499. [PMID: 32742566 PMCID: PMC7360987 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i6.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a wide range of oesophageal diseases, the most general of which are inflammation, injury and tumours, and treatment methods are constantly being developed and updated. With an increasingly comprehensive understanding of stem cells and their characteristics of multilineage differentiation, self-renewal and homing as well as the combination of stem cells with regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and gene therapy, stem cells are playing an important role in the treatment of a variety of diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells have many advantages and are most commonly applied; however, most of these applications have been in experimental studies, with few related clinical trials for comparison. Therefore, the methods, positive significance and limitations of stem cells in the treatment of oesophageal diseases remain incompletely understood. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to review the current literature and summarize the efficacy of stem cells in the treatment of oesophageal diseases, including oesophageal ulceration, acute radiation-induced oesophageal injury, corrosive oesophageal injury, oesophageal stricture formation after endoscopic submucosal dissection and oesophageal reconstruction, as well as gene therapy for oesophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shi-Zhu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Merino JJ, Cabaña-Muñoz ME, Pelaz MJ. The Bluegreen Algae (AFA) Consumption over 48 Hours Increases the Total Number of Peripheral CD34+ Cells in Healthy Patients: Effect of Short-Term and Long-Term Nutritional Supplementation (Curcumin/AFA) on CD34+ Levels (Blood). J Pers Med 2020; 10:E49. [PMID: 32521810 PMCID: PMC7354690 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Several active principles from plants could trigger the release of stem cells from the bone marrow. Stem cell mobilizers have shown side effects in patients. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to find the natural products from plants (curcuminoids, glycosinolate of sulforaphane, AFA bluegreen algae), which could be potential stem mobilizes without adverse side effects. The antioxidant curcumin [1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-2,5-dione], glycosinolate of sulforaphane (broccoli) or AFA (Aphanizomenon flos) extract promote beneficial effects in patients. The number of circulating stem cells were monitored by HSC marker-CD34 by flow cytometry in peripheral blood from healthy subjects. CD34 is a hematological stem cells (HSC) marker. A double-blind study was conducted in 22 healthy subjects. We have evaluated whether short-term AFA-Aphanizomenon flos aquae-algae or curcuminoids consumption (powder or liquid formulation) over 48 consecutive hours could increase the total number of peripheral CD34+ blood cells (n = 22, n = 5 subjects/group). The total number of circulating CD34+ cells were quantified after short-term and long-term nutritional supplementation; their levels were compared with their own basal levels (n = 5/group, controls: before taking any supplement) or placebo-treated patients (n = 7); their average age was 54 years old. We also evaluated whether long-term nutritional supplementation with several nutraceuticals could enhance HSC mobilization by increasing the total number of peripheral CD-34+ cell after seven or 38 consecutive days of administration (n = 5, with seven placebo-treated patients). The long-term administration take place with these doses/day [curcuminoids: 2000 mg/day, equivalent to 120 mg of curcuminoids/day), glycosinolate of sulforaphane (66 mg/day), plus AFA Algae bluegreen extract (400 mg/day)]. On the last day (10 A.M.) of treatment, blood samples were collected six hours after taking these supplements; the average age was 54 years old. Notably, the blue green AFA algae extract consumption over 48 h enhances HSC mobilization by increasing the total number of peripheral CD34+ cells. The long-term administration with curcuminoids, glycosinolate of sulforaphane, and AFA bluegreen algae extract also increased the total number of CD34-HSC cells after seven or 38 days of consecutive of administration in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Joaquín Merino
- Dpto. Farmacologia, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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61
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Trametes robiniophila Murr in the treatment of breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110254. [PMID: 32480220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women across the world. Trametes robiniophila Murr (Huaier), a traditional herbal medicine, has been used in China to protect human health for about 1600 years. Recent years, Huaier had been proven to be effective for multiple types of malignancies. This systematic review focused on breast cancer treatment, summarizing the curative function of Huaier aqueous extract and polysaccharides in preclinical researches. Huaier could markedly inhibit breast cancer progression with low toxicity, enhance immune response and increase the sensitivity to radiation and chemotherapy. The therapeutic effect of Huaier granule in clinical studies was also included. This review amalgamated the current studies and highlighted the promising role of Huaier and its polysaccharides as complementary alternative medicine in breast cancer treatment.
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Lee HY, Hong IS. Metabolic Regulation and Related Molecular Mechanisms in Various Stem Cell Functions. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:531-546. [PMID: 32394844 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200512105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on the mechanisms that link metabolic changes with stem cell fate have deepened our understanding of how specific metabolic pathways can regulate various stem cell functions during the development of an organism. Although it was originally thought to be merely a consequence of the specific cell state, metabolism is currently known to play a critical role in regulating the self-renewal capacity, differentiation potential, and quiescence of stem cells. Many studies in recent years have revealed that metabolic pathways regulate various stem cell behaviors (e.g., selfrenewal, migration, and differentiation) by modulating energy production through glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation and by regulating the generation of metabolites, which can modulate multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of stem cell metabolism could allow us to establish optimal culture conditions and differentiation methods that would increase stem cell expansion and function for cell-based therapies. However, little is known about how metabolic pathways regulate various stem cell functions. In this context, we review the current advances in metabolic research that have revealed functional roles for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative stress during the self-renewal, differentiation and aging of various adult stem cell types. These approaches could provide novel strategies for the development of metabolic or pharmacological therapies to promote the regenerative potential of stem cells and subsequently promote their therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Yong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Goesan-eup, Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 367-700, Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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Grosch M, Ittermann S, Rusha E, Greisle T, Ori C, Truong DJJ, O'Neill AC, Pertek A, Westmeyer GG, Drukker M. Nucleus size and DNA accessibility are linked to the regulation of paraspeckle formation in cellular differentiation. BMC Biol 2020; 18:42. [PMID: 32321486 PMCID: PMC7178590 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in general and cell type-specific molecular regulation. Here, we asked what underlies the fundamental basis for the seemingly random appearance of nuclear lncRNA condensates in cells, and we sought compounds that can promote the disintegration of lncRNA condensates in vivo. RESULTS As a basis for comparing lncRNAs and cellular properties among different cell types, we screened lncRNAs in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that were differentiated to an atlas of cell lineages. We found that paraspeckles, which form by aggregation of the lncRNA NEAT1, are scaled by the size of the nucleus, and that small DNA-binding molecules promote the disintegration of paraspeckles and other lncRNA condensates. Furthermore, we found that paraspeckles regulate the differentiation of hPSCs. CONCLUSIONS Positive correlation between the size of the nucleus and the number of paraspeckles exist in numerous types of human cells. The tethering and structure of paraspeckles, as well as other lncRNAs, to the genome can be disrupted by small molecules that intercalate in DNA. The structure-function relationship of lncRNAs that regulates stem cell differentiation is likely to be determined by the dynamics of nucleus size and binding site accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Grosch
- Institute of Stem Cell Research (ISF), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ittermann
- Institute of Stem Cell Research (ISF), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ejona Rusha
- Institute of Stem Cell Research (ISF), iPSC Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Greisle
- Institute of Stem Cell Research (ISF), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chaido Ori
- Institute of Stem Cell Research (ISF), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Adam C O'Neill
- Institute of Stem Cell Research (ISF), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Pertek
- Institute of Stem Cell Research (ISF), iPSC Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gil Gregor Westmeyer
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Micha Drukker
- Institute of Stem Cell Research (ISF), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany. .,Institute of Stem Cell Research (ISF), iPSC Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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64
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Jiang Y, An XL, Yu H, Cai NN, Zhai YH, Li Q, Cheng H, Zhang S, Tang B, Li ZY, Zhang XM. Transcriptome profile of bovine iPSCs derived from Sertoli Cells. Theriogenology 2020; 146:120-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Lineage Decision-Making within Normal Haematopoietic and Leukemic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062247. [PMID: 32213936 PMCID: PMC7139697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To produce the wide range of blood and immune cell types, haematopoietic stem cells can “choose” directly from the entire spectrum of blood cell fate-options. Affiliation to a single cell lineage can occur at the level of the haematopoietic stem cell and these cells are therefore a mixture of some pluripotent cells and many cells with lineage signatures. Even so, haematopoietic stem cells and their progeny that have chosen a particular fate can still “change their mind” and adopt a different developmental pathway. Many of the leukaemias arise in haematopoietic stem cells with the bulk of the often partially differentiated leukaemia cells belonging to just one cell type. We argue that the reason for this is that an oncogenic insult to the genome “hard wires” leukaemia stem cells, either through development or at some stage, to one cell lineage. Unlike normal haematopoietic stem cells, oncogene-transformed leukaemia stem cells and their progeny are unable to adopt an alternative pathway.
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66
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Kalimuthu S, Gangadaran P, Oh JM, Rajendran RL, Lee HW, Gopal A, Hong CM, Jeon YH, Jeong SY, Lee SW, Lee J, Ahn BC. A new tyrosine kinase inhibitor K905-0266 inhibits proliferation and sphere formation of glioblastoma cancer cells. J Drug Target 2020; 28:933-938. [PMID: 32191139 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1745817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent malignant tumour of the central nervous system and carries a poor prognosis; average survival time after diagnosis is 14 months. Because of its unfavourable prognosis, novel therapies are needed. The aim of this study was to assess whether inhibition of GBM and GBM-derived cancer stem cells (CSCs) by a new tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), K905-0266, is possible. To do this, we generated GBM (D54 and U87MG) cells expressing luciferase and characterised the inhibitory effects of the TKI with bioluminescent imaging (BLI) and western blot (WB). The effect of the TKI was then evaluated in CSCs. BLI showed significant inhibition of D54 and U87MG cells by TKI treatment. WB showed that the TKI decreased pERK and Bcl-2 level and increased cleaved caspase-3 level. Sphere formation was significantly reduced by the TKI in CSCs. Our results showed that a new TKI, K905-0266, effectively inhibited GBM and CSCs, making this a candidate for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Arunnehru Gopal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea.,Leading‑Edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Shin Young Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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67
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Li Y, Liu Z, Tang Y, Feng W, Zhao C, Liao J, Zhang C, Chen H, Ren Y, Dong S, Liu Y, Hu N, Huang W. Schnurri-3 regulates BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells through Runx2 and VEGF. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:72. [PMID: 31996667 PMCID: PMC6989499 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) are multiple potent progenitor cells (MPCs) that can differentiate into different lineages (osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic cells) and have a favorable capacity for angiogenesis. Schnurri-3 (Shn3) is a large zinc finger protein related to Drosophila Shn, which is a critical mediator of postnatal bone formation. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), one of the most potent osteogenic BMPs, can strongly upregulate various osteogenesis- and angiogenesis-related factors in MSCs. It remains unclear how Shn3 is involved in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation coupled with angiogenesis in hAMSCs. In this investigation, we conducted a comprehensive study to identify the effect of Shn3 on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis in hAMSCs and analyze the responsible signaling pathway. The results from in vitro and in vivo experimentation show that Shn3 notably inhibits BMP9-induced early and late osteogenic differentiation of hAMSCs, expression of osteogenesis-related factors, and subcutaneous ectopic bone formation from hAMSCs in nude mice. Shn3 also inhibited BMP9-induced angiogenic differentiation, expression of angiogenesis-related factors, and subcutaneous vascular invasion in mice. Mechanistically, we found that Shn3 prominently inhibited the expression of BMP9 and activation of the BMP/Smad and BMP/MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, we further found activity on runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the target genes shared by BMP and Shn3 signaling pathways. Silencing Shn3 could dramatically enhance the expression of Runx2, which directly regulates the downstream target VEGF to couple osteogenic differentiation with angiogenesis. To summarize, our findings suggested that Shn3 significantly inhibited the BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis in hAMSCs. The effect of Shn3 was primarily seen through inhibition of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway and depressed expression of Runx2, which directly regulates VEGF, which couples BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation with angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ziming Liu
- Institute of Sports Medicine of China, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Regeneration, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Junyi Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chengmin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Youliang Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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68
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Epidermal Stem Cells in Wound Healing and Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:9148310. [PMID: 32399054 PMCID: PMC7204129 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9148310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin stem cells distributed in the basal layer of the epidermis and hair follicles are important cell sources for skin development, metabolism, and injury repair. At present, great progress has been made in the study of epidermal stem cells at the cellular and molecular levels. Stem cell transplantation is reported to promote skin healing, endothelial cell transformation, and vascular formation. Local stem cells can also be transformed into keratinocytes, sebaceous gland, and other skin-associated tissues. However, the mechanism of action of epidermal stem cells on wound healing and regeneration is not completely clear. This review is aimed at briefly summarizing the biological characteristics of epidermal stem cells and their clinical application in wound healing and tissue regeneration. It further discussed the mechanism of action and the development direction in the future.
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69
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Zhu YP, Padgett L, Dinh HQ, Marcovecchio P, Blatchley A, Wu R, Ehinger E, Kim C, Mikulski Z, Seumois G, Madrigal A, Vijayanand P, Hedrick CC. Identification of an Early Unipotent Neutrophil Progenitor with Pro-tumoral Activity in Mouse and Human Bone Marrow. Cell Rep 2020; 24:2329-2341.e8. [PMID: 30157427 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are short-lived cells that play important roles in both health and disease. Neutrophils and monocytes originate from the granulocyte monocyte progenitor (GMP) in bone marrow; however, unipotent neutrophil progenitors are not well defined. Here, we use cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) methodologies to identify a committed unipotent early-stage neutrophil progenitor (NeP) in adult mouse bone marrow. Importantly, we found a similar unipotent NeP (hNeP) in human bone marrow. Both NeP and hNeP generate only neutrophils. NeP and hNeP both significantly increase tumor growth when transferred into murine cancer models, including a humanized mouse model. hNeP are present in the blood of treatment-naive melanoma patients but not of healthy subjects. hNeP can be readily identified by flow cytometry and could be used as a biomarker for early cancer discovery. Understanding the biology of hNeP should allow the development of new therapeutic targets for neutrophil-related diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Peipei Zhu
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Lindsey Padgett
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Huy Q Dinh
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paola Marcovecchio
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amy Blatchley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Runpei Wu
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erik Ehinger
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cheryl Kim
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gregory Seumois
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ariel Madrigal
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Catherine C Hedrick
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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70
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Mathew SA, Naik C, Cahill PA, Bhonde RR. Placental mesenchymal stromal cells as an alternative tool for therapeutic angiogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:253-265. [PMID: 31468060 PMCID: PMC11104823 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of angiogenesis is a phenomenon observed in several disorders such as diabetic foot, critical limb ischemia and myocardial infarction. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess angiogenic potential and have recently emerged as a powerful tool for cell therapy to promote angiogenesis. Although bone marrow-derived MSCs are the primary cell of choice, obtaining them has become a challenge. The placenta has become a popular alternative as it is a highly vascular organ, easily available and ethically more favorable with a rich supply of MSCs. Comparatively, placenta-derived MSCs (PMSCs) are clinically promising due to their proliferative, migratory, clonogenic and immunomodulatory properties. PMSCs release a plethora of cytokines and chemokines key to angiogenic signaling and facilitate the possibility of delivering PMSC-derived exosomes as a targeted therapy to promote angiogenesis. However, there still remains the challenge of heterogeneity in the isolated populations, questions on the maternal or fetal origin of these cells and the diversity in previously reported isolation and culture conditions. Nonetheless, the growing rate of clinical trials using PMSCs clearly indicates a shift in favor of PMSCs. The overall aim of the review is to highlight the importance of this rather poorly understood cell type and emphasize the need for further investigations into their angiogenic potential as an alternative source for therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suja Ann Mathew
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Allalasandra, Near Royal Orchid, Yellahanka, Bangalore, 560 065, India.
| | - Charuta Naik
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Allalasandra, Near Royal Orchid, Yellahanka, Bangalore, 560 065, India
| | - Paul A Cahill
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Glasnevin Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ramesh R Bhonde
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (DPU), Pimpri, Pune, 411018, India.
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71
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Kim KH, Kim YS, Lee S, An S. The effect of three-dimensional cultured adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell–conditioned medium and the antiaging effect of cosmetic products containing the medium. BIOMEDICAL DERMATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41702-019-0053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Recently, investigators have been trying to apply the by-products as well as stem cells themselves to various fields such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices, quasi-drug, cosmetis, etc. We aimed to comfirm the anti-senescence effect of 3D cultured adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell–conditioned medium (3D cultured ADMSCs-CM) and develop them as cosmetic raw materials for anti-aging purposes.
Methods
We investigated the effect of 3D cultured ADMSCs-CM on collagen production and performed efficacy tests to evaluate the effect of a cream-based cosmetic product containing the medium using various methods, such as dermal density, skin moisture retention, and so on.
Results
Analysis of the effect of ADMSCs-CM on skin regeneration and production of collagen showed 1.5-fold (2D cultured ADMSCs-CM) and 2.5-fold (3D cultured ADMSCs-CM) increase in expressions of procollagen and 4-fold (2D cultured ADMSCs-CM) and 5-fold (3D cultured ADMSCs-CM) increase in the expression of collagen compared with control. In addition, related gene expression was also increased. We conducted a human skin test using a cream-based product containing 3D cultured ADMSCs-CM. In skin texture assessment, skin roughness decreased by 11.94% at the application site and 3.74% at the non-application site after 3 weeks of use. Compared with before cream use, after 2 and 4 weeks of substance use, the skin elasticity analysis showed an increase in the elasticity value by 5.97% and 9.34%, respectively, and the improvement of small wrinkles was 5.01% and 6.23%, respectively. After 2 and 4 weeks of test substance use, dermal density analysis showed 6.97% and 12.53% increase, respectively. Skin moisture retention analysis showed skin moisture maintained at 543.60% and 452.38%, respectively, immediately after one-time use and after 20 min of cool breeze exposure compared with before application of the test substance.
Conclusions
As raw material for cosmetic products, 3D cultured ADMSCs-CM prevented skin aging by promoting collagen production, restoring damaged skin, and increasing dermal density. Therefore, 3D cultured ADMSCs-CM can be widely applied to maintain and improve skin condition.
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72
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Reactive Oxygen Species and Nrf2: Functional and Transcriptional Regulators of Hematopoiesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5153268. [PMID: 31827678 PMCID: PMC6885799 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5153268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are characterized by self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potentials. Although they play a central role in hematopoietic homeostasis and bone marrow (BM) transplantation, they are affected by multiple environmental factors in the BM. Here, we review the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Nrf2 on HSC function and BM transplantation. HSCs reside in the hypoxic microenvironment of BM, and ROS play an important role in HSPC regulation. Recently, an extraphysiologic oxygen shock/stress phenomenon was identified in human cord blood HSCs collected under ambient air conditions. Moreover, Nrf2 has been recently recognized as a master transcriptional factor that regulates multiple antioxidant enzymes. Since several years, the role of Nrf2 in hematopoiesis has been extensively studied, which has functional similarities of cellular oxygen sensor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 as transcriptional factors. Increasing evidence has revealed that abnormally elevated ROS production due to factors such as genetic defects, aging, and ionizing radiation unexceptionally resulted in lethal impairment of HSC function and hematopoiesis. Both experimental and clinical studies have identified elevated ROS levels as a major culprit of ineffective BM transplantation. Lastly, we discuss the possibility of using small molecule antioxidants, such as N-acetyl cysteine, resveratrol, and curcumin, to augment HSC function and improve the therapeutic efficacy of BM transplantation. Further research on the function of ROS levels and improving the efficacy of BM transplantation may have a great potential for broad clinical applications of HSCs.
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73
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Morganti C, Bonora M, Ito K. Improving the Accuracy of Flow Cytometric Assessment of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Through the Inhibition of Efflux Pumps. J Vis Exp 2019:10.3791/60057. [PMID: 31424437 PMCID: PMC6755668 DOI: 10.3791/60057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As cellular metabolism is a key regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal, the various roles played by the mitochondria in hematopoietic homeostasis have been extensively studied by HSC researchers. Mitochondrial activity levels are reflected in their membrane potentials (ΔΨm), which can be measured by cell-permeant cationic dyes such as TMRM (tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester). The ability of efflux pumps to extrude these dyes from cells can limit their usefulness, however. The resulting measurement bias is particularly critical when assessing HSCs, as xenobiotic transporters exhibit higher levels of expression and activity in HSCs than in differentiated cells. Here, we describe a protocol utilizing Verapamil, an efflux pump inhibitor, to accurately measure ΔΨm across multiple bone marrow populations. The resulting inhibition of pump activity is shown to increase TMRM intensity in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), while leaving it relatively unchanged in mature fractions. This highlights the close attention to dye-efflux activity that is required when ΔΨm-dependent dyes are used, and as written and visualized, this protocol can be used to accurately compare either different populations within the bone marrow, or the same population across different experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Morganti
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine;
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74
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de-Brito NM, da-Costa HC, Simões RL, Barja-Fidalgo C. Lipoxin-Induced Phenotypic Changes in CD115 +LY6C hi Monocytes TAM Precursors Inhibits Tumor Development. Front Oncol 2019; 9:540. [PMID: 31275860 PMCID: PMC6593314 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumor development, the spleen acts as an extra-medullar reservoir of LY6Chi inflammatory monocytes, which can migrate toward tumor to differentiate into tumor-associated macrophage (TAMs), renewing the TAM population. In the tumor microenvironment, pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1) acquire anti-inflammatory and pro-tumor (M2) characteristics favoring tumor development. We previously demonstrated that lipoxins, a family of pro-resolving lipid mediators, restored in vitro the cytotoxic M1-like properties of TAMs. Objective: In this study, we have investigated in vivo the cellular mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor property of lipoxins. Methods: Fourteen days after inducing B16-F10 melanoma tumors, mice received one single dose of ATL-1 (1 μg/i.v.), a lipoxin A4 analog. After further 7 days, blood and bone-marrow were collected, tumors and spleens were removed, and TAMs and blood monocytes were isolated. Results: While the population of LY6Chi monocytes was increased in non-treated tumor-bearing mice, the treatment with ATL-1 diminished the population of LY6Chi monocytes in spleen, blood and bone marrow, decreasing macrophage infiltration into the tumor and reducing the M2 markers expression on TAMs. Importantly, those effects were accompanied by an impairment of tumor growth and improved survival of tumor-bearing mice. The data evidence the anti-tumor mechanism of ATL-1, by decreasing the availability of TAM-precursor monocytes and changing TAMs profile in vivo, impairing tumor progression. ATL-1 may become a new tool in cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Mesquita de-Brito
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hayandra Cunha da-Costa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Loureiro Simões
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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75
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Hey YY, O'Neill TJ, O'Neill HC. A novel myeloid cell in murine spleen defined through gene profiling. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5128-5143. [PMID: 31210415 PMCID: PMC6653018 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel myeloid antigen presenting cell can be generated through in vitro haematopoiesis in long‐term splenic stromal cocultures. The in vivo equivalent subset was recently identified as phenotypically and functionally distinct from the spleen subsets of macrophages, conventional (c) dendritic cells (DC), resident monocytes, inflammatory monocytes and eosinophils. This novel subset which is myeloid on the basis of cell surface phenotype, but dendritic‐like on the basis of cell surface marker expression and antigen presenting function, has been tentatively labelled “L‐DC.” Transcriptome analysis has now been employed to determine the lineage relationship of this cell type with known splenic cDC and monocyte subsets. Principal components analysis showed separation of “L‐DC” and monocytes from cDC subsets in the second principal component. Hierarchical clustering then indicated a close lineage relationship between this novel subset, resident monocytes and inflammatory monocytes. Resident monocytes were the most closely aligned, with no genes specifically expressed by the novel subset. This subset, however, showed upregulation of genes reflecting both dendritic and myeloid lineages, with strong upregulation of several genes, particularly CD300e. While resident monocytes were found to be dependent on Toll‐like receptor signalling for development and were reduced in number in Myd88‐/‐ and Trif‐/‐ mutant mice, both the novel subset and inflammatory monocytes were unaffected. Here, we describe a novel myeloid cell type closely aligned with resident monocytes in terms of lineage but distinct in terms of development and functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Hey
- Clem Jones Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Helen C O'Neill
- Clem Jones Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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76
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77
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Jilkine A. Mathematical Models of Stem Cell Differentiation and Dedifferentiation. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-019-00156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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78
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Macnair W, De Vargas Roditi L, Ganscha S, Claassen M. Tree-ensemble analysis assesses presence of multifurcations in single cell data. Mol Syst Biol 2019; 15:e8552. [PMID: 30918107 PMCID: PMC6437440 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20188552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce TreeTop, an algorithm for single cell data analysis to identify and assign a branching score to branch points in biological processes which may have multi-level branching hierarchies. We demonstrate branch point identification for processes with varying topologies, including T-cell maturation, B-cell differentiation and hematopoiesis. Our analyses are consistent with recent experimental studies suggesting a shallower hierarchy of differentiation events in hematopoiesis, rather than the classical multi-level hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Macnair
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Ganscha
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Claassen
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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79
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Kim KH, Lee S, Park HS. Inhibitory Effects of Three Dimensional Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Medium on Immune Response and Efficacy Evaluation of its Cream. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.20402/ajbc.2018.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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80
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FL/GCSF/AMD3100-mobilized Hematopoietic Stem Cells Induce Mixed Chimerism With Nonmyeloablative Conditioning and Transplantation Tolerance. Transplantation 2019; 103:1360-1371. [PMID: 30747856 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has become the preferred approach for HSC transplantation. AMD3100, a competitive inhibitor of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor-4, has been found to be a rapid mobilizing agent. The present study evaluated approaches to optimize the product collected. METHODS Mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (mPBMCs) from B6 mice were transplanted to recipient BALB/c mice conditioned with ablative or nonmyeloablative approaches. RESULTS The optimal dose of AMD3100 was found to be 5.0 mg/kg. Optimal HSC mobilization was observed when AMD3100 (day 10) was coadministered with Flt3 ligand (FL) (days 1-10) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) (days 4-10). There was a 228.8-fold increase of HSC with FL/GCSF/AMD3100 compared with AMD3100 treatment alone. When unmodified mPBMCs were transplanted into ablated allogeneic recipients, all recipients expired by day 40 from severe acute graft versus host disease (GVHD). When T cells were depleted from mPBMC, long-term survival and engraftment were achieved in majority of the recipients. When PBMC mobilized by FL/GCSF/AMD3100 were transplanted into recipients conditioned nonmyeloablatively with anti-CD154/rapamycin plus 100, 200, and 300 cGy of total body irradiation, 42.9%, 85.7%, and 100% of mice engrafted, respectively. Donor chimerism was durable, multilineage, and stable. Lymphocytes from mixed chimeras showed no response to host or donor antigens, suggesting functional bidirection T-cell tolerance in vitro. Most importantly, none of the engrafted mice exhibited clinical features of GVHD. CONCLUSIONS FL/GCSF/AMD3100 is an efficient treatment to maximally mobilize HSC. Durable engraftment and donor-specific tolerance can be achieved with mPBMC in nonmyeloablative conditioning without GVHD.
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81
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Banerjee U, Girard JR, Goins LM, Spratford CM. Drosophila as a Genetic Model for Hematopoiesis. Genetics 2019; 211:367-417. [PMID: 30733377 PMCID: PMC6366919 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.300223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this FlyBook chapter, we present a survey of the current literature on the development of the hematopoietic system in Drosophila The Drosophila blood system consists entirely of cells that function in innate immunity, tissue integrity, wound healing, and various forms of stress response, and are therefore functionally similar to myeloid cells in mammals. The primary cell types are specialized for phagocytic, melanization, and encapsulation functions. As in mammalian systems, multiple sites of hematopoiesis are evident in Drosophila and the mechanisms involved in this process employ many of the same molecular strategies that exemplify blood development in humans. Drosophila blood progenitors respond to internal and external stress by coopting developmental pathways that involve both local and systemic signals. An important goal of these Drosophila studies is to develop the tools and mechanisms critical to further our understanding of human hematopoiesis during homeostasis and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Banerjee
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Juliet R Girard
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Lauren M Goins
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Carrie M Spratford
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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Pretreatment with G-CSF Could Enhance the Antifibrotic Effect of BM-MSCs on Pulmonary Fibrosis. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1726743. [PMID: 30719047 PMCID: PMC6335774 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1726743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can promote the repair of a variety of damaged tissues, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) play an important role in the repair of damaged tissue. The aim of this study was to explore whether pretreating BM-MSCs with G-CSF can promote their ability of homing to the lung after in vitro transplantation via upregulating the CXCR4 expression, potentially markedly increasing the antifibrotic effect of BM-MSCs. The BM-MSCs pretreated with G-CSF were transplanted into a mouse on day 14 after bleomycin injection. The antifibrotic effects of BM-MSCs in mice were tested on day 21 by using pathological examination and collagen content assay. Pretreatment of BM-MSCs with G-CSF significantly promoted their ability of homing to the lung and enhanced their antifibrotic effects. However, knocking down the CXCR4 expression in BM-MSCs significantly inhibited the ability of G-CSF to promote the migration and homing of BM-MSCs to the lung and the resulting antifibrotic effects. We also found that G-CSF significantly increased the CXCR4 expression and AKT phosphorylation in BM-MSCs, and the AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 significantly diminished the ability of G-CSF to upregulate the CXCR4 expression in BM-MSCs. Pretreatment of BM-MSCs with G-CSF promotes the homing of BM-MSCs to the lung via upregulating the CXCR4 expression, leading to a marked increase in the antifibrotic effects of BM-MSCs. This study provides new avenues for the application of BM-MSCs in the repair of different tissues.
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83
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Zhou T, Wang W, Aimaiti Y, Jin X, Chen Z, Chen L, Li D. Direct and indirect coculture of mouse hepatic progenitor cells with mouse embryonic fibroblasts for the generation of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:267-275. [PMID: 30603925 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is restricted by the limited number of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes; a simple and effective method for the expansion and differentiation of the hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) is required. Recent studies demonstrated that mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) play an important role in supporting the proliferation of the mouse hepatic progenitor cells (mHPCs). However, the effect of direct and indirect coculture of MEFs with mHPCs on the differentiation of mHPCs is poorly studied. Herein, we show that mHPCs rapidly proliferate and form colonies in direct or indirect contact coculture with MEFs in the serum-free medium. Importantly, after direct contact coculture of the mHPCs with MEFs for 6 days, mHPCs expressed the hepatic marker albumin (ALB) and did not express the cholangiocyte marker CK19, indicating their differentiation into hepatocytes. In contrast, after indirect contact coculture of the mHPCs with MEFs for 6 days, mHPCs expressed the cholangiocyte marker CK19 and did not express the hepatic marker ALB, indicating their differentiation into cholangiocytes. These results indicate that direct and indirect contact cocultures of the mHPCs with MEFs are useful for rapidly producing hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasen Aimaiti
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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84
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Utility of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium for an In Vitro Model of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1186:33-53. [PMID: 31654385 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28471-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The advent of stem cell technology, including the technology to induce pluripotency in somatic cells, and direct differentiation of stem cells into specific somatic cell types, has created an exciting new field of scientific research. Much of the work with pluripotent stem (PS) cells has been focused on the exploration and exploitation of their potential as cells/tissue replacement therapies for personalized medicine. However, PS and stem cell-derived somatic cells are also proving to be valuable tools to study disease pathology and tissue-specific responses to injury. High-throughput drug screening assays using tissue-specific injury models have the potential to identify specific and effective treatments that will promote wound healing. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS-RPE) are well characterized cells that exhibit the phenotype and functions of in vivo RPE. In addition to their role as a source of cells to replace damaged or diseased RPE, iPS-RPE provide a robust platform for in vitro drug screening to identify novel therapeutics to promote healing and repair of ocular tissues after injury. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is an abnormal wound healing process that occurs after retinal tears or detachments. In this chapter, the role of iPS-RPE in the development of an in vitro model of PVR is described. Comprehensive analyses of the iPS-RPE response to injury suggests that these cells provide a physiologically relevant tool to investigate the cellular mechanisms of the three phases of PVR pathology: migration, proliferation, and contraction. This in vitro model will provide valuable information regarding cellular wound healing responses specific to RPE and enable the identification of effective therapeutics.
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85
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Christodoulou I, Goulielmaki M, Devetzi M, Panagiotidis M, Koliakos G, Zoumpourlis V. Mesenchymal stem cells in preclinical cancer cytotherapy: a systematic review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:336. [PMID: 30526687 PMCID: PMC6286545 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) comprise a heterogeneous population of rapidly proliferating cells that can be isolated from adult (e.g., bone marrow, adipose tissue) as well as fetal (e.g., umbilical cord) tissues (termed bone marrow (BM)-, adipose tissue (AT)-, and umbilical cord (UC)-MSC, respectively) and are capable of differentiation into a wide range of non-hematopoietic cell types. An additional, unique attribute of MSC is their ability to home to tumor sites and to interact with the local supportive microenvironment which rapidly conceptualized into MSC-based experimental cancer cytotherapy at the turn of the century. Towards this purpose, both naïve (unmodified) and genetically modified MSC (GM-MSC; used as delivery vehicles for the controlled expression and release of antitumorigenic molecules) have been employed using well-established in vitro and in vivo cancer models, albeit with variable success. The first approach is hampered by contradictory findings regarding the effects of naïve MSC of different origins on tumor growth and metastasis, largely attributed to inherent biological heterogeneity of MSC as well as experimental discrepancies. In the second case, although the anti-cancer effect of GM-MSC is markedly improved over that of naïve cells, it is yet apparent that some protocols are more efficient against some types of cancer than others. Regardless, in order to maximize therapeutic consistency and efficacy, a deeper understanding of the complex interaction between MSC and the tumor microenvironment is required, as well as examination of the role of key experimental parameters in shaping the final cytotherapy outcome. This systematic review represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first thorough evaluation of the impact of experimental anti-cancer therapies based on MSC of human origin (with special focus on human BM-/AT-/UC-MSC). Importantly, we dissect the commonalities and differences as well as address the shortcomings of work accumulated over the last two decades and discuss how this information can serve as a guide map for optimal experimental design implementation ultimately aiding the effective transition into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Christodoulou
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Konstantinou 48 Av., 116 35, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Konstantinou 48 Av., 116 35, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Devetzi
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Konstantinou 48 Av., 116 35, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Konstantinou 48 Av., 116 35, Athens, Greece.
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86
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Gao L, Xu W, Li T, Chen J, Shao A, Yan F, Chen G. Stem Cell Therapy: A Promising Therapeutic Method for Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1809-1824. [PMID: 29871521 PMCID: PMC6300771 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718773363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one type of the most devastating cerebrovascular diseases worldwide, which causes high morbidity and mortality. However, efficient treatment is still lacking. Stem cell therapy has shown good neuroprotective and neurorestorative effect in ICH and is a promising treatment. In this study, our aim was to review the therapeutic effects, strategies, related mechanisms and safety issues of various types of stem cell for ICH treatment. Numerous studies had demonstrated the therapeutic effects of diverse stem cell types in ICH. The potential mechanisms include tissue repair and replacement, neurotrophy, promotion of neurogenesis and angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, immunoregulation and anti-inflammation and so forth. The microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS) can also influence the effects of stem cell therapy. The detailed therapeutic strategies for ICH treatment such as cell type, the number of cells, time window, and the routes of medication delivery, varied greatly among different studies and had not been determined. Moreover, the safety issues of stem cell therapy for ICH should not be ignored. Stem cell therapy showed good therapeutic effect in ICH, making it a promising treatment. However, safety should be carefully evaluated, and more clinical trials are required before stem cell therapy can be extensively applied to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingyin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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Ito K, Bonora M, Ito K. Metabolism as master of hematopoietic stem cell fate. Int J Hematol 2018; 109:18-27. [PMID: 30219988 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HSCs have a fate choice when they divide; they can self-renew, producing new HSCs, or produce daughter cells that will mature to become committed cells. Technical challenges, however, have long obscured the mechanics of these choices. Advances in flow-sorting have made possible the purification of HSC populations, but available HSC-enriched fractions still include substantial heterogeneity, and single HSCs have proven extremely difficult to track and observe. Advances in single-cell approaches, however, have led to the identification of a highly purified population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that make a critical contribution to hematopoietic homeostasis through a preference for self-renewing division. Metabolic cues are key regulators of this cell fate choice, and the importance of controlling the population and quality of mitochondria has recently been highlighted to maintain the equilibrium of HSC populations. Leukemic cells also demand tightly regulated metabolism, and shifting the division balance of leukemic cells toward commitment has been considered as a promising therapeutic strategy. A deeper understanding of precisely how specific modes of metabolism control HSC fate is, therefore, of great biological interest, and more importantly will be critical to the development of new therapeutic strategies that target HSC division balance for the treatment of hematological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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88
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Jara Avaca M, Gruh I. Bioengineered Cardiac Tissue Based on Human Stem Cells for Clinical Application. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 163:117-146. [PMID: 29218360 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineered cardiac tissue might enable novel therapeutic strategies for the human heart in a number of acquired and congenital diseases. With recent advances in stem cell technologies, namely the availability of pluripotent stem cells, the generation of potentially autologous tissue grafts has become a realistic option. Nevertheless, a number of limitations still have to be addressed before clinical application of engineered cardiac tissue based on human stem cells can be realized. We summarize current progress and pending challenges regarding the optimal cell source, cardiomyogenic lineage specification, purification, safety of genetic cell engineering, and genomic stability. Cardiac cells should be combined with clinical grade scaffold materials for generation of functional myocardial tissue in vitro. Scale-up to clinically relevant dimensions is mandatory, and tissue vascularization is most probably required both for preclinical in vivo testing in suitable large animal models and for clinical application. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Jara Avaca
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department for Cardiothoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School (MHH) & Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Gruh
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department for Cardiothoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School (MHH) & Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover, Germany.
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Al-Jaibaji O, Swioklo S, Gijbels K, Vaes B, Figueiredo FC, Connon CJ. Alginate encapsulated multipotent adult progenitor cells promote corneal stromal cell activation via release of soluble factors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202118. [PMID: 30192833 PMCID: PMC6128465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To reduce the increasing need for corneal transplantation, attempts are currently aiming to restore corneal clarity, one potent source of cells are multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC®). These cells release a powerful cocktail of paracrine factors that can guide wound healing and tissue regeneration. However, their role in corneal regeneration has been overlooked. Thus, we sought to explore the potential of combining the cytoprotective storage feature of alginate, with MAPC to generate a storable cell-laden gel for corneal wound healing. 72 hours following hypothermic storage, alginate encapsulation was shown to maintain MAPC viability at either 4 or 15°C. Encapsulated MAPC (2 x106 cells/mL) stored at 15°C presented the optimum temperature that allowed for cell recovery. These cells had the ability to reattach to tissue culture plastic whilst exhibiting normal phenotype and this was maintained in serum-free and xenobiotic-free medium. Furthermore, corneal stromal cells presented a significant decrease in scratch-wounds in the presence of alginate encapsulated MAPC compared to a no-cell control (p = 0.018). This study shows that immobilization of MAPC within an alginate hydrogel does not hinder their ability to affect a secondary cell population via soluble factors and that these effects are successfully retained following hypothermic storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olla Al-Jaibaji
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Swioklo
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Che J. Connon
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Barenys M, Fritsche E. A Historical Perspective on the Use of Stem/Progenitor Cell-Based In Vitro Methods for Neurodevelopmental Toxicity Testing. Toxicol Sci 2018; 165:10-13. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Barenys
- INSA·UB and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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91
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Nowak-Sliwinska P, Alitalo K, Allen E, Anisimov A, Aplin AC, Auerbach R, Augustin HG, Bates DO, van Beijnum JR, Bender RHF, Bergers G, Bikfalvi A, Bischoff J, Böck BC, Brooks PC, Bussolino F, Cakir B, Carmeliet P, Castranova D, Cimpean AM, Cleaver O, Coukos G, Davis GE, De Palma M, Dimberg A, Dings RPM, Djonov V, Dudley AC, Dufton NP, Fendt SM, Ferrara N, Fruttiger M, Fukumura D, Ghesquière B, Gong Y, Griffin RJ, Harris AL, Hughes CCW, Hultgren NW, Iruela-Arispe ML, Irving M, Jain RK, Kalluri R, Kalucka J, Kerbel RS, Kitajewski J, Klaassen I, Kleinmann HK, Koolwijk P, Kuczynski E, Kwak BR, Marien K, Melero-Martin JM, Munn LL, Nicosia RF, Noel A, Nurro J, Olsson AK, Petrova TV, Pietras K, Pili R, Pollard JW, Post MJ, Quax PHA, Rabinovich GA, Raica M, Randi AM, Ribatti D, Ruegg C, Schlingemann RO, Schulte-Merker S, Smith LEH, Song JW, Stacker SA, Stalin J, Stratman AN, Van de Velde M, van Hinsbergh VWM, Vermeulen PB, Waltenberger J, Weinstein BM, Xin H, Yetkin-Arik B, Yla-Herttuala S, Yoder MC, Griffioen AW. Consensus guidelines for the use and interpretation of angiogenesis assays. Angiogenesis 2018; 21:425-532. [PMID: 29766399 PMCID: PMC6237663 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as numerous pathological conditions. Angiogenesis undergoes multiple discrete steps that can be individually evaluated and quantified by a large number of bioassays. These independent assessments hold advantages but also have limitations. This article describes in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro bioassays that are available for the evaluation of angiogenesis and highlights critical aspects that are relevant for their execution and proper interpretation. As such, this collaborative work is the first edition of consensus guidelines on angiogenesis bioassays to serve for current and future reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CMU, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Translational Research Center in Oncohaematology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Andrey Anisimov
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alfred C Aplin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Hellmut G Augustin
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David O Bates
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Judy R van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Hugh F Bender
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Bikfalvi
- Angiogenesis and Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory (INSERM U1029), University Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara C Böck
- European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter C Brooks
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO-IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Bertan Cakir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Castranova
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anca M Cimpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine and Dalton Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michele De Palma
- School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruud P M Dings
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Emily Couric Cancer Center, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Neil P Dufton
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marcus Fruttiger
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Center, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Metabolomics Expertise Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Griffin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Oxford University Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nan W Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Melita Irving
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joanna Kalucka
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert S Kerbel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jan Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hynda K Kleinmann
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pieter Koolwijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Kuczynski
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Juan M Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lance L Munn
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto F Nicosia
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Agnes Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jussi Nurro
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of oncology UNIL-CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roberto Pili
- Genitourinary Program, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pollard
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark J Post
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department Surgery, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biology and Experimental Medicine, National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anna M Randi
- Vascular Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Curzio Ruegg
- Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Reinier O Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven A Stacker
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jimmy Stalin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU, Münster, Germany
| | - Amber N Stratman
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maureen Van de Velde
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- HistoGeneX, Antwerp, Belgium
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals, Sint-Augustinus & University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Münster, Germany
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong Xin
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bahar Yetkin-Arik
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Seppo Yla-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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92
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The Making of Hematopoiesis: Developmental Ancestry and Environmental Nurture. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072122. [PMID: 30037064 PMCID: PMC6073875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from studies of the behaviour of stem and progenitor cells and of the influence of cytokines on their fate determination, has recently led to a revised view of the process by which hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny give rise to the many different types of blood and immune cells. The new scenario abandons the classical view of a rigidly demarcated lineage tree and replaces it with a much more continuum-like view of the spectrum of fate options open to hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny. This is in contrast to previous lineage diagrams, which envisaged stem cells progressing stepwise through a series of fairly-precisely described intermediate progenitors in order to close down alternative developmental options. Instead, stem and progenitor cells retain some capacity to step sideways and adopt alternative, closely related, fates, even after they have “made a lineage choice.” The stem and progenitor cells are more inherently versatile than previously thought and perhaps sensitive to lineage guidance by environmental cues. Here we examine the evidence that supports these views and reconsider the meaning of cell lineages in the context of a continuum model of stem cell fate determination and environmental modulation.
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93
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Simões R, Rodrigues Santos A. Factors and molecules that could impact cell differentiation in the embryo generated by nuclear transfer. Organogenesis 2018; 13:156-178. [PMID: 29020571 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2017.1389367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a technique to create an embryo using an enucleated oocyte and a donor nucleus. Nucleus of somatic cells must be reprogrammed in order to participate in normal development within an enucleated egg. Reprogramming refers to the erasing and remodeling of cellular epigenetic marks to a lower differentiation state. Somatic nuclei must be reprogrammed by factors in the oocyte cytoplasm to a rather totipotent state since the reconstructed embryo must initiate embryo development from the one cell stage to term. In embryos reconstructed by nuclear transfer, the donor genetic material must respond to the cytoplasmic environment of the cytoplast and recapitulate this normal developmental process. Enucleation is critically important for cloning efficiency because may affect the ultrastructure of the remaining cytoplast, thus resulting in a decline or destruction of its cellular compartments. Nonetheless, the effects of in vitro culturing are yet to be fully understood. In vitro oocyte maturation can affect the abundance of specific transcripts and are likely to deplete the developmental competence. The epigenetic modifications established during cellular differentiation are a major factor determining this low efficiency as they act as epigenetic barriers restricting reprogramming of somatic nuclei. In this review we discuss some factors that could impact cell differentiation in embryo generated by nuclear transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Simões
- a Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC , SP , Brazil
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94
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Zhang S, Li M, Ji H, Fang Z. Landscape of transcriptional deregulation in lung cancer. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:435. [PMID: 29866045 PMCID: PMC5987572 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a very heterogeneous disease that can be pathologically classified into different subtypes including small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and large-cell carcinoma (LCC). Although much progress has been made towards the oncogenic mechanism of each subtype, transcriptional circuits mediating the upstream signaling pathways and downstream functional consequences remain to be systematically studied. RESULTS Here we trained a one-class support vector machine (OC-SVM) model to establish a general transcription factor (TF) regulatory network containing 325 TFs and 18724 target genes. We then applied this network to lung cancer subtypes and identified those deregulated TFs and downstream targets. We found that the TP63/SOX2/DMRT3 module was specific to LUSC, corresponding to squamous epithelial differentiation and/or survival. Moreover, the LEF1/MSC module was specifically activated in LUAD and likely to confer epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, known important for cancer malignant progression and metastasis. The proneural factor, ASCL1, was specifically up-regulated in SCLC which is known to have a neuroendocrine phenotype. Also, ID2 was differentially regulated between SCLC and LUSC, with its up-regulation in SCLC linking to energy supply for fast mitosis and its down-regulation in LUSC linking to the attenuation of immune response. We further described the landscape of TF regulation among the three major subtypes of lung cancer, highlighting their functional commonalities and specificities. CONCLUSIONS Our approach uncovered the landscape of transcriptional deregulation in lung cancer, and provided a useful resource of TF regulatory network for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Mingfa Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai, 200031 China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Zhaoyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200031 China
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95
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Heuston EF, Keller CA, Lichtenberg J, Giardine B, Anderson SM, Hardison RC, Bodine DM. Establishment of regulatory elements during erythro-megakaryopoiesis identifies hematopoietic lineage-commitment points. Epigenetics Chromatin 2018; 11:22. [PMID: 29807547 PMCID: PMC5971425 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-018-0195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancers and promoters are cis-acting regulatory elements associated with lineage-specific gene expression. Previous studies showed that different categories of active regulatory elements are in regions of open chromatin, and each category is associated with a specific subset of post-translationally marked histones. These regulatory elements are systematically activated and repressed to promote commitment of hematopoietic stem cells along separate differentiation paths, including the closely related erythrocyte (ERY) and megakaryocyte (MK) lineages. However, the order in which these decisions are made remains unclear. RESULTS To characterize the order of cell fate decisions during hematopoiesis, we collected primary cells from mouse bone marrow and isolated 10 hematopoietic populations to generate transcriptomes and genome-wide maps of chromatin accessibility and histone H3 acetylated at lysine 27 binding (H3K27ac). Principle component analysis of transcriptional and open chromatin profiles demonstrated that cells of the megakaryocyte lineage group closely with multipotent progenitor populations, whereas erythroid cells form a separate group distinct from other populations. Using H3K27ac and open chromatin profiles, we showed that 89% of immature MK (iMK)-specific active regulatory regions are present in the most primitive hematopoietic cells, 46% of which contain active enhancer marks. These candidate active enhancers are enriched for transcription factor binding site motifs for megakaryopoiesis-essential proteins, including ERG and ETS1. In comparison, only 64% of ERY-specific active regulatory regions are present in the most primitive hematopoietic cells, 20% of which containing active enhancer marks. These regions were not enriched for any transcription factor consensus sequences. Incorporation of genome-wide DNA methylation identified significant levels of de novo methylation in iMK, but not ERY. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that megakaryopoietic profiles are established early in hematopoiesis and are present in the majority of the hematopoietic progenitor population. However, megakaryopoiesis does not constitute a "default" differentiation pathway, as extensive de novo DNA methylation accompanies megakaryopoietic commitment. In contrast, erythropoietic profiles are not established until a later stage of hematopoiesis, and require more dramatic changes to the transcriptional and epigenetic programs. These data provide important insights into lineage commitment and can contribute to ongoing studies related to diseases associated with differentiation defects.
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96
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Ito K, Ito K. Hematopoietic stem cell fate through metabolic control. Exp Hematol 2018; 64:1-11. [PMID: 29807063 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells maintain a quiescent state in the bone marrow to preserve their self-renewal capacity, but also undergo cell divisions as required. Organelles such as the mitochondria sustain cumulative damage during these cell divisions and this damage may eventually compromise the cells' self-renewal capacity. Hematopoietic stem cell divisions result in either self-renewal or differentiation, with the balance between the two affecting hematopoietic homeostasis directly; however, the heterogeneity of available hematopoietic stem cell-enriched fractions, together with the technical challenges of observing hematopoietic stem cell behavior, has long hindered the analysis of individual hematopoietic stem cells and prevented the elucidation of this process. Recent advances in genetic models, metabolomics analyses, and single-cell approaches have revealed the contributions made to hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal by metabolic cues, mitochondrial biogenesis, and autophagy/mitophagy, which have highlighted mitochondrial quality control as a key factor in the equilibrium of hematopoietic stem cells. A deeper understanding of precisely how specific modes of metabolism control hematopoietic stem cells fate at the single-cell level is therefore not only of great biological interest, but will also have clear clinical implications for the development of therapies for hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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97
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Brown G, Tsapogas P, Ceredig R. The changing face of hematopoiesis: a spectrum of options is available to stem cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:898-911. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Brown
- Institute of Clinical Sciences; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham; Edgbaston Birmingham UK
| | - Panagiotis Tsapogas
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology; Department of Biomedicine; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Rhodri Ceredig
- Discipline of Physiology; College of Medicine & Nursing Health Science; National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
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98
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Li H, Hou L. Regulation of melanocyte stem cell behavior by the niche microenvironment. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 31:556-569. [PMID: 29582573 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Somatic stem cells are regulated by their niches to maintain tissue homeostasis and repair throughout the lifetime of an organism. An excellent example to study stem cell/niche interactions is provided by the regeneration of melanocytes during the hair cycle and in response to various types of injury. These processes are regulated by neighboring stem cells and multiple signaling pathways, including WNT/β-catenin, KITL/KIT, EDNs/EDNRB, TGF-β/TGF-βR, α-MSH/MC1R, and Notch signaling. In this review, we highlight recent studies that have advanced our understanding of the molecular crosstalk between melanocyte stem cells and their neighboring cells, which collectively form the niche microenvironment, and we focus on the question of how McSCs/niche interactions shape the responses to genotoxic damages and mechanical injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science and Key Laboratory of Vision Science of Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Khacho M, Slack RS. Mitochondrial and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling Coordinate Stem Cell Fate Decisions and Life Long Maintenance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1090-1101. [PMID: 28657337 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Recent discoveries in mitochondrial biology have transformed and further solidified the importance of mitochondria in development, aging, and disease. Within the realm of regenerative and stem cell research, these recent advances have brought forth new concepts that revolutionize our understanding of metabolic and redox states in the establishment of cellular identity and fate decisions. Recent Advances: Mitochondrial metabolism, morphology, and cellular redox states are dynamic characteristics that undergo shifts during stem cell differentiation. Although it was once thought that this was solely because of changing metabolic needs of differentiating cells, it is now clear that these events are driving forces in the regulation of stem cell identity and fate decisions. Critical Issues: Although recent discoveries have placed mitochondrial function and physiological reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the forefront for the regulation of stem cell self-renewal, how this may impact tissue homeostasis and regenerative capacity is poorly understood. In addition, the role of mitochondria and ROS on the maintenance of a stem cell population in many degenerative diseases and during aging is not clear, despite the fact that mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated ROS levels are commonly observed in these conditions. Future Directions: Given the newly established role for mitochondria and ROS in stem cell self-renewal capacity, special attention should now be directed in understanding how this would impact the development and progression of aging and diseases, whereby mitochondrial and ROS defects are a prominent factor. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1090-1101.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Khacho
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ruth S Slack
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Fonseca AFB, Scheffer JP, Giraldi-Guimarães A, Coelho BP, Medina RM, Oliveira ALA. Comparison among bone marrow mesenchymal stem and mononuclear cells to promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rabbits. Acta Cir Bras 2018; 32:1026-1035. [PMID: 29319731 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170120000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of allogeneic mesenchymal stem-cells and autologous mononuclear cells to promote sensorimotor recovery and tissue rescue. METHODS Female rabbits were submitted to the epidural balloon inflation method and the intravenous cells administrations were made after 8 hours or seven days after injury induction. Sensorimotor evaluation of the hindlimbs was performed, and the euthanasia was made thirty days after the treatment. Spinal cords were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS Both therapies given 8 hours after the injury promoted the sensorimotor recovery after a week. Only the group treated after a week with mononuclear cells showed no significant recovery at post-injury day 14. In the days 21 and 28, all treatments promoted significant recovery. Histopathological analysis showed no difference among the experimental groups. Our results showed that both bone marrow-derived cell types promoted significant sensorimotor recovery after injury, and the treatment made at least a week after injury is efficient. CONCLUSION The possibilities of therapy with bone marrow-derived cells are large, increasing the therapeutic arsenal for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Filipe Braga Fonseca
- PhD in Sciences, Laboratory of Animal Health, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Animal Experimentation Unit, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil. Intellectual, scientific, conception and design of the study; technical procedures; aquisition and analysis of data; manuscript writing
| | - Jussara Peters Scheffer
- Fellow PhD degree, Laboratory of Animal Health, Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Animal Experimentation Unit, UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil. Conception and design of the estudy, technical procedures, critical revision
| | - Arthur Giraldi-Guimarães
- PhD in Sciences, Associate Professor, Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil. Analysis and interpretation of data
| | - Bárbara Paula Coelho
- PhD in Sciences, Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil. Acquisition of data
| | - Raphael Mansur Medina
- PhD in Sciences, Laboratory of Animal Health; Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Animal Experimentation Unit, UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil. Acquisition of data
| | - André Lacerda Abreu Oliveira
- PhD in Sciences, Associate Professor, Laboratory of Animal Health; Center for Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Animal Experimentation Unit, UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil. Critical revision, final approval the manuscript
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