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Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Penna E, De Filippo C, Cimmino F, Catapano A, Musco N, Tudisco R, Lombardi P, Infascelli F, Messina G, Muredda L, Banni S, Monda M, Crispino M, Mollica MP. Milk From Cow Fed With High Forage/Concentrate Ratio Diet: Beneficial Effect on Rat Skeletal Muscle Inflammatory State and Oxidative Stress Through Modulation of Mitochondrial Functions and AMPK Activity. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1969. [PMID: 30705640 PMCID: PMC6344429 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are relevant components of daily diet and are part of dietary recommendation in many countries due to their content of key nutrients. However, the relatively high content of saturated fat of the milk and its extensive usage for every age group raises concerns about its potential negative health effects. Therefore, in the last years, several researchers dedicated their attention to milk production and quality. Milk fatty acids profile depend on cow feeding and in particular on the type of forage and concentrate and forage/concentrate ratio. It was demonstrated that feeding dairy cows with a 70/30 forage/concentrate ratio yields milk with a low ω6:ω3 ratio and high CLA levels. In this work, we demonstrated that the supplementation of rats diet with this high forage milk (HFM) results, in the skeletal muscle of these animals, in a reduced lipid content and inflammation levels, and an improved mitochondrial lipid oxidation, and redox status through modulation of AMPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara De Filippo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tudisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Infascelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Laura Muredda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Martínez Leo EE, Segura Campos MR. Systemic Oxidative Stress: A key Point in Neurodegeneration - A Review. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:694-699. [PMID: 31560025 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic oxidative stress (SOS) has an important role in the mechanisms activation of neuronal death, involved in the neurodegenerative disease (ND) etiology. Brain is susceptible to oxidative stress injuries due to its high energy and metabolic request, therefore minimal imbalances of the redox state, as occurs in mitochondrial dysfunction, favour tissue injury and neuroinflammatory mechanisms activation. ND affect around the world about a billion people, without distinction of sex, educational level and economic status. Public measures generation that prevent ND from the SOS are possible promising therapeutic targets that could reduce the ND incidence. We discuss here the effects and mechanisms of SOS derived neurodegeneration, as well as the neuroinflammation repercussions for some cerebral structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Martínez Leo
- M.R. Segura Campos Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Periférico Norte Km. 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, 97203 Mérida, Yucatán, México, +52 999 930 0550, E-mail:
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Salvestrini V, Sell C, Lorenzini A. Obesity May Accelerate the Aging Process. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:266. [PMID: 31130916 PMCID: PMC6509231 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lines of evidence from several studies have shown that increases in life expectancy are now accompanied by increased disability rate. The expanded lifespan of the aging population imposes a challenge on the continuous increase of chronic disease. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in many parts of the world. Further to increasing the onset of metabolic imbalances, obesity leads to reduced life span and affects cellular and molecular processes in a fashion resembling aging. Nine key hallmarks of the aging process have been proposed. In this review, we will review these hallmarks and discuss pathophysiological changes that occur with obesity, that are similar to or contribute to those that occur during aging. We present and discuss the idea that obesity, in addition to having disease-specific effects, may accelerate the rate of aging affecting all aspects of physiology and thus shortening life span and health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Salvestrini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian Sell
- Department of Pathology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Antonello Lorenzini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonello Lorenzini
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Abu Bakar MH, Azmi MN, Shariff KA, Tan JS. Withaferin A Protects Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Via Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 188:241-259. [PMID: 30417321 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Withaferin A (WA), a bioactive constituent derived from Withania somnifera plant, has been shown to exhibit many qualifying properties in attenuating several metabolic diseases. The current investigation sought to elucidate the protective mechanisms of WA (1.25 mg/kg/day) on pre-existing obese mice mediated by high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Following dietary administration of WA, significant metabolic improvements in hepatic insulin sensitivity, adipocytokines with enhanced glucose tolerance were observed. The hepatic oxidative functions of obese mice treated with WA were improved via augmented antioxidant enzyme activities. The levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and hepatic mRNA expressions of toll-like receptor (TLR4), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-receptor, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in HFD-induced obese mice were reduced. Mechanistically, WA increased hepatic mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), fatty acid synthase (FAS), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), glucokinase (GCK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) that were associated with enhanced lipid and glucose metabolism. Taken together, these results indicate that WA exhibits protective effects against HFD-induced obesity through attenuation of hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Nurul Azmi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Anuar Shariff
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
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Rovira J, Hernández-Aguilera A, Luciano-Mateo F, Cabré N, Baiges-Gaya G, Nadal M, Martín-Paredero V, Camps J, Joven J, Domingo JL. Trace Elements and Paraoxonase-1 Activity in Lower Extremity Artery Disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018. [PMID: 29525848 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are candidate mechanisms to explain the potential role of exposure to metals and reduced activity of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) in age-related diseases. Both may be risk factors contributing to atherosclerosis. In the present study, inductively coupled mass spectrometry was used to explore multiple trace elements, while in-house methods were employed to measure PON1-related variables in patients with lower extremity artery disease (LEAD). Healthy controls were matched for sex, age, body weight, and relevant genotype variants. Serum concentrations of As, Ba, Cu, and Sr were higher in patients than those in controls, with a strong predictive ability to discriminate between groups. Differences in serum Pb, Cd, and Zn were negligible. Serum Cu increased when the disease was more severe, but a negative trend was noted for serum As, B, Ba, and Zn. The only variable associated with ankle-brachial index was serum Zn. Serum PON1 activity was significantly lower in LEAD patients. When the ability of serum trace elements to modulate PON1 activity was explored, the analysis revealed a unique association with serum Zn. The current results strongly suggest that Zn may have a protective effect in non-coronary atherosclerosis and indicate that this element may exert its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions through interactions with PON1 activity. These findings deserve confirmation and further research. In particular, the periodic evaluation of serum trace elements and the prescription of Zn supplements are easy measures to implement and that can improve the treatment of patients with LEAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Noemí Cabré
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Gerard Baiges-Gaya
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
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The inhibition of heme oxigenase-1 (HO-1) abolishes the mitochondrial protection induced by sesamol in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:171-178. [PMID: 30261164 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Redox impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction have been seen in inflammation. Thus, there is interest in studies aiming to find molecules that would exert mitochondrial protection in mammalian tissues undergoing inflammation. Sesamol (SES) is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule as demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Nonetheless, it was not previously demonstrated whether and how SES would cause mitochondrial protection during inflammation. Thus, we investigated here whether a pretreatment (for 1 h) with SES (1-100 μM) would prevent mitochondrial impairment in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. It was also evaluated whether the heme oxigenase-1 (HO-1) would be involved in the effects on mitochondria induced by SES. We found that SES reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation and protein nitration in the membranes of mitochondria obtained from LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. SES also attenuated the production of superoxide anion radical (O2-•) and nitric oxide (NO•) in this experimental model. SES suppressed the LPS-elicited mitochondrial dysfunction, as assessed through the analyses of the activities of the mitochondrial complexes I and V. SES also abrogated the LPS-induced decrease in the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). SES induced mitochondria-related anti-apoptotic effects in LPS-treated cells. Besides, SES pretreatment abrogated the LPS-triggered inflammation by decreasing the levels of pro-inflammatory proteins. The SES-induced mitochondria-associated protection was blocked by the specific inhibitor of HO-1, ZnPP IX (20 μM). Therefore, SES induced mitochondrial protection in LPS-treated cells by a mechanism involving HO-1.
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Plasma Energy-Balance Metabolites Discriminate Asymptomatic Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:2760272. [PMID: 30327580 PMCID: PMC6171256 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2760272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common disease affecting 20-25% of population over 60 years old. Early diagnosis is difficult because symptoms only become evident in advanced stages of the disease. Inflammation, impaired metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction predispose to PAD, which is normally associated with other highly prevalent and related conditions, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. We have measured energy-balance-associated metabolite concentrations in the plasma of PAD patients segregated by the severity of the disease and in plasma of healthy volunteers using a quantitative and targeted metabolomic approach. We found relevant associations between several metabolites (3-hydroxybutirate, aconitate, (iso)citrate, glutamate, and serine) with markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Metabolomic profiling also revealed that (iso)citrate and glutamate are metabolites with high ability to discriminate between healthy participants and PAD patients without symptoms. Collectively, our data suggest that metabolomics provide significant information on the pathogenesis of PAD and useful biomarkers for the diagnosis and assessment of progression.
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Kim SH, Lim JW, Kim H. Astaxanthin Inhibits Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Interleukin-8 Expression in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1320. [PMID: 30231525 PMCID: PMC6164770 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection leads to gastric inflammation, peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. H. pylori activates NADPH oxidase and increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce NF-κB activation and IL-8 expression in gastric epithelial cells. Dysfunctional mitochondria trigger inflammatory cytokine production. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ) regulate inflammatory response. Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant that protects cells against oxidative stress. The present study was aimed at determining whether astaxanthin inhibits H. pylori-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, NF-κB activation, and IL-8 expression via PPAR-γ activation in gastric epithelial cells. Gastric epithelial AGS cells were treated with astaxanthin, NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin and PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662, and infected with H. pylori. As a result, H. pylori caused an increase in intracellular and mitochondrial ROS, NF-κB activation and IL-8 expression, but decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP level. Astaxanthin inhibited H. pylori-induced alterations (increased ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction, NF-κB activation, and IL-8 expression). Astaxanthin activated PPAR-γ and its target gene catalase in H. pylori-infected cells. Apocynin reduced ROS and inhibited IL-8 expression while astaxanthin did not affect NADPH oxidase activity. Inhibitory effects of astaxanthin on ROS levels and IL-8 expression were suppressed by addition of GW9662. In conclusion, astaxanthin inhibits H. pylori-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS-mediated IL-8 expression by activating PPAR-γ and catalase in gastric epithelial cells. Astaxanthin may be beneficial for preventing oxidative stress-mediated gastric inflammation-associated H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhn Hyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Wang J, Wang AZ, Lv P, Tao W, Liu G. Advancing the Pharmaceutical Potential of Bioinorganic Hybrid Lipid-Based Assemblies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800564. [PMID: 30250799 PMCID: PMC6145262 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired lipid assemblies that mimic the elaborate architecture of natural membranes have fascinated researchers for a long time. These lipid assemblies have gone from being just an imperative platform for biophysical research to a pharmaceutical delivery system for biomedical applications. Despite success, these organized nanosystems are often subject to the mechanical instability and limited theranostic capability without adding any inconvenient modifications. To reach their advanced pharmaceutical potential, various bioinorganic hybrid lipid-based assembles, which provide new opportunities to synergistically complement and improve therapeutic/diagnostic potential of existing lipid-based nanomedicine with distinct mechanisms containing inorganic embedded surfactants, have recently been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Angela Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- Blood Cancer Cytogenetics and Genomics LaboratoryDepartment of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyPrince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong S.A.R.China
| | - Peng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational MedicineSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress BiologyInnovation Center for Cell BiologySchool of Life SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen361102China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & InstrumentationCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
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Kim SH, Kim H. Inhibitory Effect of Astaxanthin on Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction-A Mini-Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091137. [PMID: 30134611 PMCID: PMC6165470 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of various human diseases as well as to the aging process. Mitochondria, as the center of cellular metabolism and major regulators of redox balance, play a critical role in disease development and progression. Mitochondrial dysfunction involving structural and metabolic impairment is prominent in oxidative stress-related diseases. Increased oxidative stress can damage mitochondria, and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction generates excesses of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species that cause cellular damage. Mitochondrial dysfunction also activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, resulting in cellular death. Astaxanthin, a red-colored xanthophyll carotenoid, exerts an anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effect on various cell lines. In this manner astaxanthin maintains mitochondrial integrity under various pathological conditions. In this review, the inhibitory effects of astaxanthin on oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and related disease development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhn Hyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Antioxidant Status in the Soleus Muscle of Sprague-Dawley Rats in Relation to Duodenal-Jejunal Omega Switch and Different Dietary Patterns. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3795070. [PMID: 30116479 PMCID: PMC6079358 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3795070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity and chronic ingestion of lipid-rich meals are related to an enhanced oxidative stress (OS). Aims To examine the influence of duodenal-jejunal omega switch surgery in combination with different diets on the antioxidative status in the soleus muscle of rats. Methods After 8 weeks on a high-fat diet (HF) or control diet (CD), rats underwent duodenal-jejunal omega switch (DJOS) or SHAM (control) surgery. After surgery, for the next 8 weeks, half of DJOS/SHAM animals were kept on the same diet as before, and half had a changed diet. The total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) activity as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were measured in the soleus of rats. Results CAT and GPx activity were significantly lower after DJOS surgery versus SHAM, regardless of the type of diet. The activity of CAT, SOD, GR, CuZnSOD, and GPx was altered in the CD/HF or HF/CD groups. After DJOS, the lowest muscle concentration of MDA was observed in the CD/CD group and the highest in CD/HF. Conclusions DJOS surgery significantly decreases the antioxidative system in soleus muscles of rats. CD/HF and HF/CD dietary patterns lead to an increase in antioxidative activity, while remaining on unchanged diet (CD or HF) is associated with a reduced oxidative stress.
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Cavaliere G, Viggiano E, Trinchese G, De Filippo C, Messina A, Monda V, Valenzano A, Cincione RI, Zammit C, Cimmino F, Catapano A, Sessa F, Messina G, Monda M, Crispino M, Mollica MP. Long Feeding High-Fat Diet Induces Hypothalamic Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, and Prolonged Hypothalamic AMPK Activation in Rat Animal Model. Front Physiol 2018; 9:818. [PMID: 30034345 PMCID: PMC6043859 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope: The hypothalamus is a key brain region involved in the control of feeding and energy expenditure. Hypothalamic inflammation and oxidative stress are landmarks of both obesity and aging processes, although the molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, with the aim to understand the neurobiological mechanisms of energy homeostasis during aging, we evaluate the effects of long feeding high-fat diet (HFD) in rats, at different age, on modulation of hypothalamic molecular pathway, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Procedures: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control group, receiving standard diet (CD), and treated group, receiving HFD. Both groups were treated with the appropriate diet for 1, 3, 6, 12, or 18 weeks. We investigated energy balance and body composition, as well as lipid profile, homeostatic model assessment index, and inflammatory state in serum. Furthermore, we also analyzed, at hypothalamic level, inflammation and oxidative stress, and adenosine monophosphate-dependent kinase (AMPK) and pAMPK expression levels. Results: Our data showed that aging and HFD induce increased energy intake and energy efficiency and decreased energy expenditure associated, at hypothalamic level, with inflammation and oxidative stress and activation of AMPK. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the age at which HFD feeding starts and the diet duration are critical in obesity development. The prolonged activation of hypothalamic AMPK may be related to the alterations in energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Viggiano
- Section of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Prenatal Medicine, ULSS6 Euganea, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Chiara De Filippo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Raffaele I Cincione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Zheng Y, Ji X, Yu B, Ji K, Gallo D, Csizmadia E, Zhu M, Choudhury MR, De La Cruz LKC, Chittavong V, Pan Z, Yuan Z, Otterbein LE, Wang B. Enrichment-triggered prodrug activation demonstrated through mitochondria-targeted delivery of doxorubicin and carbon monoxide. Nat Chem 2018; 10:787-794. [PMID: 29760413 PMCID: PMC6235738 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlled activation is a critical component in prodrug development. Here we report a concentration-sensitive platform approach for bioorthogonal prodrug activation by taking advantage of reaction kinetics. Using two 'click and release' systems, we demonstrate enrichment and prodrug activation specifically in mitochondria to demonstrate the principle of the approach. In both cases, the payload (doxorubicin or carbon monoxide) was released inside the mitochondrial matrix following the enrichment-initiated click reaction. Furthermore, mitochondria-targeted delivery yielded substantial augmentation of functional biological and therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo when compared to controls, which did not result in enrichment. This method is thus a platform for targeted drug delivery that is amenable to conjugation with a variety of molecules and is not limited to cell-surface delivery. Taken together, these two 'click and release' pairs clearly demonstrate the concept of enrichment-triggered drug release and the critical feasibility of treating clinically relevant diseases such as acute liver injury and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xingyue Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bingchen Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kaili Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Gallo
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva Csizmadia
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manjusha Roy Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ladie Kimberly C De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vayou Chittavong
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhixiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Ryan AS, Ortmeyer HK. Insulin suppression of fatty acid skeletal muscle enzyme activity in postmenopausal women, and improvements in metabolic flexibility and lipoprotein lipase with aerobic exercise and weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:276-284. [PMID: 29907844 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and insulin resistance are characterized by metabolic inflexibility, a condition described as an inability to switch from fat oxidation during fasting to carbohydrate oxidation during hyperinsulinemia. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of metabolic flexibility in 103 obese (37-59% fat), sedentary (VO2max: 19.4 ± 0.5 ml/kg/min), postmenopausal (45-76 years) women, and changes in metabolic flexibility with exercise and weight loss interventions. METHODS Insulin sensitivity (M) and metabolic flexibility via an 80 mU/m2/min hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, VO2max, and body composition were measured. Metabolic flexibility was measured after 6-months aerobic training + weight loss (AEX + WL: n = 43) or weight loss (WL: n = 31). Basal and insulin-stimulated vastus lateralis skeletal muscle samples were available from a subset of these women (n = 45). RESULTS Metabolic flexibility correlated inversely with glucose120 min of OGTT, fasting insulin, and the percent change (insulin-basal) in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and positively with M, but not with VO2max, total body fat, visceral fat, or subcutaneous abdominal fat. Skeletal muscle acyl-CoA synthase and citrate synthase activities decreased during hyperinsulinemia. Metabolic flexibility increased after AEX + WL but not WL, and the percent change in metabolic flexibility was inversely related to the percent change in insulin's effect on LPL activity. CONCLUSION Metabolic flexibility is related to insulin sensitivity and insulin's action on LPL. Furthermore, metabolic flexibility and insulin suppression of skeletal muscle LPL activity increase with AEX + WL in overweight and obese, sedentary older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice S Ryan
- VA Research Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Baltimore VA, GRECC, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Heidi K Ortmeyer
- VA Research Service, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Baltimore VA, GRECC, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Mellon SH, Gautam A, Hammamieh R, Jett M, Wolkowitz OM. Metabolism, Metabolomics, and Inflammation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:866-875. [PMID: 29628193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined by classic psychological manifestations, although among the characteristics are significantly increased rates of serious somatic comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, immune dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we assess the evidence for disturbances that may contribute to somatic pathology in inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and circulating metabolites (implicating mitochondrial dysfunction) in individuals with PTSD and in animal models simulating features of PTSD. The clinical and preclinical data highlight probable interrelated features of PTSD pathophysiology, including a proinflammatory milieu, metabolomic changes (implicating mitochondrial and other processes), and metabolic dysregulation. These data suggest that PTSD may be a systemic illness, or that it at least has systemic manifestations, and the behavioral manifestations are those most easily discerned. Whether somatic pathology precedes the development of PTSD (and thus may be a risk factor) or follows the development of PTSD (as a result of either shared pathophysiologies or lifestyle adaptations), comorbid PTSD and somatic illness is a potent combination placing affected individuals at increased physical as well as mental health risk. We conclude with directions for future research and novel treatment approaches based on these abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synthia H Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Integrative Systems Biology, United States Army Medical Research and Material Command, United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Integrative Systems Biology, United States Army Medical Research and Material Command, United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Marti Jett
- Integrative Systems Biology, United States Army Medical Research and Material Command, United States Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland.
| | - Owen M Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts from Uncaria tomentosa Bark and Leaves. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7050065. [PMID: 29751684 PMCID: PMC5981251 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7050065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncaria tomentosa constitutes an important source of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities mainly attributed until recently to alkaloids and triterpenes. We have previously reported for the first-time the polyphenolic profile of extracts from U. tomentosa, using a multi-step process involving organic solvents, as well as their antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activity on aerial bacteria, and cytotoxicity on cancer cell lines. These promising results prompted the present study using food grade solvents suitable for the elaboration of commercial extracts. We report a detailed study on the polyphenolic composition of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of U. tomentosa bark and leaves (n = 16), using High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/TQ-ESI-MS). A total of 32 compounds were identified, including hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols monomers, procyanidin dimers and trimers, flavalignans⁻cinchonains and propelargonidin dimers. Our findings showed that the leaves were the richest source of total phenolics and proanthocyanidins, in particular propelargonidin dimers. Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated that the contents of procyanidin and propelargonidin dimers were significantly different (p < 0.05) in function of the plant part, and leaves extracts showed higher contents. Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) values indicated higher antioxidant capacity for the leaves (p < 0.05). Further, correlation between both methods and procyanidin dimers was found, particularly between ORAC and propelargonidin dimers. Finally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis results clearly indicated that the leaves are the richest plant part in proanthocyanidins and a very homogenous material, regardless of their origin. Therefore, our findings revealed that both ethanol and water extraction processes are adequate for the elaboration of potential commercial extracts from U. tomentosa leaves rich in proanthocyanidins and exhibiting high antioxidant activity.
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids Attenuate Brain Alterations in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Model. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:513-524. [PMID: 29728888 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of omega-3 on inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism parameters in the brain of mice subjected to high-fat diet-induced obesity model. Body weight and visceral fat weight were evaluated as well. Male Swiss mice were divided into control (purified low-fat diet) and obese (purified high-fat diet). After 6 weeks, the groups were divided into control + saline, control + omega-3, obese + saline, and obese + OMEGA-3. Fish oil (400 mg/kg/day) or saline solution was administrated orally, during 4 weeks. When the experiment completed 10 weeks, the animals were euthanized and the brain and visceral fat were removed. The brain structures (hypothalamus, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and striatum) were isolated. Treatment with omega-3 had no effect on body weight, but reduced the visceral fat. Obese animals showed increased inflammation, increased oxidative damage, decreased antioxidant enzymes activity and levels, changes in the Krebs cycle enzyme activities, and inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in the brain structures. Omega-3 treatment partially reversed the changes in the inflammatory and in the oxidative damage parameters and attenuated the alterations in the antioxidant defense and in the energy metabolism (Krebs cycle and mitochondrial respiratory chain). Omega-3 had a beneficial effect on the brain of obese animals, as it partially reversed the changes caused by the consumption of a high-fat diet and consequent obesity. Our results support studies that indicate omega-3 may contribute to obesity treatment.
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Piao S, Lee JW, Nagar H, Jung SB, Choi S, Kim S, Lee I, Kim SM, Shin N, Lee YR, Lee SD, Park JB, Irani K, Won M, Hur GM, Jeon BH, Kim DW, Kim CS. CR6 interacting factor 1 deficiency promotes endothelial inflammation by SIRT1 downregulation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192693. [PMID: 29474366 PMCID: PMC5825004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims CR6 interacting factor 1 (CRIF1) deficiency impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes, contributing to increased mitochondrial and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. CRIF1 downregulation has also been revealed to decrease sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression and impair vascular function. Inhibition of SIRT1 disturbs oxidative energy metabolism and stimulates nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-induced inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that both CRIF1 deficiency-induced mitochondrial ROS production and SIRT1 reduction play stimulatory roles in vascular inflammation. Methods and results Plasma levels and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6) were markedly elevated in endothelium-specific CRIF1-knockout mice and CRIF1-silenced endothelial cells, respectively. Moreover, CRIF1 deficiency-induced vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression was consistently attenuated by the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine and NF-κB inhibitor (BAY11). We next showed that siRNA-mediated CRIF1 downregulation markedly activated NF-κB. SIRT1 overexpression not only rescued CRIF1 deficiency-induced NF-κB activation but also decreased inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and VCAM-1 expression levels in endothelial cells. Conclusions These results strongly suggest that CRIF1 deficiency promotes endothelial cell inflammation by increasing VCAM-1 expression, elevating inflammatory cytokines levels, and activating the transcription factor NF-κB, all of which were inhibited by SIRT1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Piao
- Department of physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Wan Lee
- Emergency ICU, Regional Emergency Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Harsha Nagar
- Department of physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Saet-byel Jung
- Department of Endocrinology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Choi
- Department of physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonhee Kim
- Department of physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjun Lee
- Department of physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-min Kim
- Department of physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Anatomy & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ran Lee
- Department of physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Do Lee
- Department of physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Bong Park
- Department of physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaikobad Irani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Minho Won
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hwa Jeon
- Department of physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Anatomy & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cuk-Seong Kim
- Department of physiology & Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea M, Micol V, Joven J, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Arroyo S. Different behavior of polyphenols in energy metabolism of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells. Food Res Int 2018; 118:96-100. [PMID: 30898358 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Energy metabolism is one of the main sources of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidation and inflammation in pathophysiological processes. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cell lines from knock-out mice for paraoxonase-1 and from transgenic mice overexpressing monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were obtained as model of pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory scenarios. Theobroma cacao and Lippia citriodora (worldwide consumed and common ingredient of many food products) were tested in these cell models to assess the action of polyphenols in the energy management. Our metabolomics experiments show a different behavior of polyphenols: T. cacao extract partially reverts the effect of LPS in a pro-oxidant scenario through the antioxidant properties of theobromine, flavonols and procyanidins, while L. citriodora seems to act mainly in a pro-inflammatory cell model through the action of verbascoside decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and MCP-1. Nevertheless, the action of polyphenols cannot be attributed only to a mechanism of action but the sum of different modulations in biological pathways. The capacity of both plant extracts to decrease α-ketoglutarate levels merits special attention due to the implications in future medicine. The action of polyphenols modulating oxidative stress, cytokine production and epigenetic changes make an interesting source of bioactive compounds for nutraceutical or functional food purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento s/n., Edificio BioRegion, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Vicente Micol
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, 03202 Elche, Spain; CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn (CB12/03/30038), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Biomedical Research Unit, Medicine and Surgery Department, Rovira i Virgili University, C/Sant Joan s/n, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Campus of international excellence southern Catalonia, C/de l'Escorxador s/n, 43003 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento s/n., Edificio BioRegion, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Biomedical Research Unit, Medicine and Surgery Department, Rovira i Virgili University, C/Sant Joan s/n, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain; Campus of international excellence southern Catalonia, C/de l'Escorxador s/n, 43003 Tarragona, Spain.
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Tavakoly R, Maracy MR, Karimifar M, Entezari MH. Does fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum ) seed improve inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? A parallel group randomized clinical trial. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Cavaliere G, Trinchese G, Musco N, Infascelli F, De Filippo C, Mastellone V, Morittu VM, Lombardi P, Tudisco R, Grossi M, Monda V, Cutrignelli MI, Messina A, Calabrò S, Moni HB, Stradella L, Messina G, Monda M, Crispino M, Mollica MP. Milk from cows fed a diet with a high forage:concentrate ratio improves inflammatory state, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function in rats. J Dairy Sci 2017; 101:1843-1851. [PMID: 29290444 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive energy intake may evoke complex biochemical processes characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, and impairment of mitochondrial function that represent the main factors underlying noncommunicable diseases. Because cow milk is widely used for human nutrition and in food industry processing, the nutritional quality of milk is of special interest with respect to human health. In our study, we analyzed milk produced by dairy cows fed a diet characterized by a high forage:concentrate ratio (high forage milk, HFM). In view of the low n-6:n-3 ratio and high content of conjugated linoleic acid of HFM, we studied the effects of this milk on lipid metabolism, inflammation, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress in a rat model. To this end, we supplemented for 4 wk the diet of male Wistar rats with HFM and with an isocaloric amount (82 kJ, 22 mL/d) of milk obtained from cows fed a diet with low forage:concentrate ratio, and analyzed the metabolic parameters of the animals. Our results indicate that HFM may positively affect lipid metabolism, leptin:adiponectin ratio, inflammation, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress, providing the first evidence of the beneficial effects of HFM on rat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, and Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, and Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Federico Infascelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara De Filippo
- Department of Biology, and Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mastellone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria Maria Morittu
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tudisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Micaela Grossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Reproductive Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Monica I Cutrignelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Reproductive Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Serena Calabrò
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Heleena B Moni
- Department of Biology, and Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Stradella
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetric and Reproductive Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Reproductive Science, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, and Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, and Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
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Navarro M, Moreira I, Arnaez E, Quesada S, Azofeifa G, Vargas F, Alvarado D, Chen P. Flavonoids and Ellagitannins Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Phyllanthus acuminatus Vahl. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 6:E62. [PMID: 29244711 PMCID: PMC5750638 DOI: 10.3390/plants6040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic composition of leaves from Phyllanthus acuminatus L., a plant commonly used in Costa Rica as traditional medicine, was studied using UPLC-ESI-MS on an enriched phenolic extract. A total of 20 phenolic compounds were identified, comprising eight flavonoids (two flavanones-pinocembrin isomers and six derivatives from apigenin, chrysin, quercetin, and kaempferol); seven ellagitannins, two flavan-3-ols (prodelphinidin B dimer and (epi)gallocatechin); and three phenolic acids (ellagic acid, trimethylellagic acid, and ferulic acid). All of these compounds are reported for the first time in P. acuminatus, while previously reported in the genus Phyllanthus. Antioxidant evaluation was performed for P. acuminatus phenolic extract obtaining DPPH results with a remarkably low IC50 value of 0.15 μg/mL. Also, cytotoxicity on gastric AGS and colon SW20 adenocarcinoma cell lines was evaluated, and highly promising results were obtained, with IC50 values of 11.3 μg/mL and 10.5 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, selectivity index values obtained when comparing cytotoxicity on normal Vero cells was SI > 20 for both cancer cell lines, indicating a particularly high selectivity. Additionally, Justicidin B, a metabolite extensively studied for its antitumoral activity, was isolated from a non-polar extract of P. acuminatus, and comparatively evaluated for both bioactivities. The DPPH value obtained for Justicidin B was moderate (IC50 = 14.28 μg/mL), while cytotoxicity values for both AGS (IC50 = 19.5 μg/mL) and SW620 (IC50 = 24.8 μg/mL) cell lines, as well as selectivity when compared with normal Vero cells (SI = 5.4 and 4.2 respectively), was good, but lower than P. acuminatus extract. These preliminary results suggest that P. acuminatus enriched phenolic extract containing flavonoids, ellagitannins, flavan-3-ols, and phenolic acids, reported for the first time in this plant, could be of interest for further cancer cytotoxicity studies to elucidate structure-bioactivity relationships, and the molecular mechanisms and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirtha Navarro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Rodrigo Facio Campus, San Pedro Montes Oca, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Ileana Moreira
- Department of Biology, Technological University of Costa Rica (TEC), Cartago 7050, Costa Rica.
| | - Elizabeth Arnaez
- Department of Biology, Technological University of Costa Rica (TEC), Cartago 7050, Costa Rica.
| | - Silvia Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Rodrigo Facio Campus, San Pedro Montes Oca, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Gabriela Azofeifa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Rodrigo Facio Campus, San Pedro Montes Oca, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Felipe Vargas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Rodrigo Facio Campus, San Pedro Montes Oca, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Diego Alvarado
- Department of Biology, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Rodrigo Facio Campus, San Pedro Montes Oca, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Pei Chen
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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73
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Brunst KJ, Sanchez Guerra M, Gennings C, Hacker M, Jara C, Bosquet Enlow M, Wright RO, Baccarelli A, Wright RJ. Maternal Lifetime Stress and Prenatal Psychological Functioning and Decreased Placental Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in the PRISM Study. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:1227-1236. [PMID: 28595325 PMCID: PMC5859981 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress contributes to placental oxidative stress. Mitochondria are vulnerable to oxidative stress, which can lead to changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn). We examined associations of maternal lifetime stress, current negative life events, and depressive and posttraumatic-stress-disorder symptom scores with placental mtDNAcn in a racially/ethnically diverse sample (n = 147) from the Programming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) study (Massachusetts, March 2011 to August 2012). In linear regression analyses adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, prenatal fine particulate matter exposure, prenatal smoking exposure, and the sex of the child, all measures of stress were associated with decreased placental mtDNAcn (all P values < 0.05). Weighted-quantile-sum (WQS) regression showed that higher lifetime stress and depressive symptoms accounted for most of the effect on mtDNAcn (WQS weights: 0.25 and 0.39, respectively). However, among white individuals, increased lifetime stress and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms explained the majority of the effect (WQS weights: 0.20 and 0.62, respectively) while among nonwhite individuals, lifetime stress and depressive symptoms accounted for most of the effect (WQS weights: 0.27 and 0.55, respectively). These analyses are first to link increased maternal psychosocial stress with reduced placental mtDNAcn and add to literature documenting racial/ethnic differences in the psychological sequelae of chronic stress that may contribute to maternal-fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Brunst
- Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children’s Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marco Sanchez Guerra
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michele Hacker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Calvin Jara
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michelle Bosquet Enlow
- Program for Behavioral Science, Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children’s Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Institute for Exposomics Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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74
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de Mello AH, Costa AB, Engel JDG, Rezin GT. Mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity. Life Sci 2017; 192:26-32. [PMID: 29155300 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity leads to various changes in the body. Among them, the existing inflammatory process may lead to an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, in turn, can trigger mitochondrial changes, which is called mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, excess nutrients supply (as it commonly is the case with obesity) can overwhelm the Krebs cycle and the mitochondrial respiratory chain, causing a mitochondrial dysfunction, and lead to a higher ROS formation. This increase in ROS production by the respiratory chain may also cause oxidative stress, which may exacerbate the inflammatory process in obesity. All these intracellular changes can lead to cellular apoptosis. These processes have been described in obesity as occurring mainly in peripheral tissues. However, some studies have already shown that obesity is also associated with changes in the central nervous system (CNS), with alterations in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and in cerebral structures such as hypothalamus and hippocampus. In this sense, this review presents a general view about mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity, including related alterations, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, and focusing on the whole organism, covering alterations in peripheral tissues, BBB, and CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Haas de Mello
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Ana Beatriz Costa
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Della Giustina Engel
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Tezza Rezin
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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75
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Loeken MR. Passive smoking as an independent risk factor for gestational diabetes that synergizes with prepregnancy obesity in urban Chinese women. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2017; 33:10.1002/dmrr.2910. [PMID: 28580761 PMCID: PMC5639702 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There are high-priority public health and legislative efforts around the world to reduce smoking and to reduce the spaces where smoking is allowable. These efforts are aimed at minimizing not only the adverse health effects of active smoking but also the adverse health effects of passive cigarette smoke exposure. While many cultures and societies make protection of a pregnant woman and her about-to-be-born-newborn a priority, the importance of protecting them from passive smoking that is prevalent in many modern societies has not been reported. The article by Leng et al, "Passive smoking increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus independently and synergistically with prepregnancy obesity in Tianjin, China," newly published in Diabetes Metabolism Research and Reviews, provides evidence that passive smoke inhalation during pregnancy makes gestational diabetes more likely, bringing with it negative health consequences for the mother and her baby. This study will hopefully add support to public health officials' efforts to curb cigarette use, especially in public domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Loeken
- Section on Islet and Regenerative Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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76
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Perks KL, Ferreira N, Richman TR, Ermer JA, Kuznetsova I, Shearwood AMJ, Lee RG, Viola HM, Johnstone VPA, Matthews V, Hool LC, Rackham O, Filipovska A. Adult-onset obesity is triggered by impaired mitochondrial gene expression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700677. [PMID: 28835921 PMCID: PMC5559209 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial gene expression is essential for energy production; however, an understanding of how it can influence physiology and metabolism is lacking. Several proteins from the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) family are essential for the regulation of mitochondrial gene expression, but the functions of the remaining members of this family are poorly understood. We created knockout mice to investigate the role of the PPR domain 1 (PTCD1) protein and show that loss of PTCD1 is embryonic lethal, whereas haploinsufficient, heterozygous mice develop age-induced obesity. The molecular defects and metabolic consequences of mitochondrial protein haploinsufficiency in vivo have not been investigated previously. We show that PTCD1 haploinsufficiency results in increased RNA metabolism, in response to decreased protein synthesis and impaired RNA processing that affect the biogenesis of the respiratory chain, causing mild uncoupling and changes in mitochondrial morphology. We demonstrate that with age, these effects lead to adult-onset obesity that results in liver steatosis and cardiac hypertrophy in response to tissue-specific differential regulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. Our findings indicate that changes in mitochondrial gene expression have long-term consequences on energy metabolism, providing evidence that haploinsufficiency of PTCD1 can be a major predisposing factor for the development of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L. Perks
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Nicola Ferreira
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Tara R. Richman
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Judith A. Ermer
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Irina Kuznetsova
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie J. Shearwood
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Richard G. Lee
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Helena M. Viola
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Victoria P. A. Johnstone
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Vance Matthews
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Livia C. Hool
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Oliver Rackham
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Filipovska
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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77
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Bordoni A, Danesi F, Dardevet D, Dupont D, Fernandez AS, Gille D, Nunes dos Santos C, Pinto P, Re R, Rémond D, Shahar DR, Vergères G. Dairy products and inflammation: A review of the clinical evidence. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2497-2525. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.967385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Danesi
- Department of Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Didier Dupont
- INRA, Joint Research Unit 1253, Science & Technology of Milk and Egg Products, Rennes, France
| | - Aida S. Fernandez
- Department of Human Nutrition, Leatherhead Food Research, Leatherhead, United Kingdom
| | - Doreen Gille
- Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Nunes dos Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Insituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula Pinto
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Escola Superior Agrária, Insituto Politécnico de Santarém, Santarém Portugal
| | - Roberta Re
- Department of Human Nutrition, Leatherhead Food Research, Leatherhead, United Kingdom
| | - Didier Rémond
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Danit R. Shahar
- The S. Daniel Abraham International Center for Health and Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Guy Vergères
- Agroscope, Federal Department of Economic Affairs, Education and Research EAER, Berne, Switzerland
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78
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Nicolson GL, Ash ME. Membrane Lipid Replacement for chronic illnesses, aging and cancer using oral glycerolphospholipid formulations with fructooligosaccharides to restore phospholipid function in cellular membranes, organelles, cells and tissues. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1704-1724. [PMID: 28432031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Membrane Lipid Replacement is the use of functional, oral supplements containing mixtures of cell membrane glycerolphospholipids, plus fructooligosaccharides (for protection against oxidative, bile acid and enzymatic damage) and antioxidants, in order to safely replace damaged, oxidized, membrane phospholipids and restore membrane, organelle, cellular and organ function. Defects in cellular and intracellular membranes are characteristic of all chronic medical conditions, including cancer, and normal processes, such as aging. Once the replacement glycerolphospholipids have been ingested, dispersed, complexed and transported, while being protected by fructooligosaccharides and several natural mechanisms, they can be inserted into cell membranes, lipoproteins, lipid globules, lipid droplets, liposomes and other carriers. They are conveyed by the lymphatics and blood circulation to cellular sites where they are endocytosed or incorporated into or transported by cell membranes. Inside cells the glycerolphospholipids can be transferred to various intracellular membranes by lipid globules, liposomes, membrane-membrane contact or by lipid carrier transfer. Eventually they arrive at their membrane destinations due to 'bulk flow' principles, and there they can stimulate the natural removal and replacement of damaged membrane lipids while undergoing further enzymatic alterations. Clinical trials have shown the benefits of Membrane Lipid Replacement in restoring mitochondrial function and reducing fatigue in aged subjects and chronically ill patients. Recently Membrane Lipid Replacement has been used to reduce pain and other symptoms as well as removing hydrophobic chemical contaminants, suggesting that there are additional new uses for this safe, natural medicine supplement. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, California 92649, USA.
| | - Michael E Ash
- Clinical Education, Newton Abbot, Devon, TQ12 4SG, UK
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79
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Kim EK, Kwon JE, Lee SY, Lee EJ, Kim DS, Moon SJ, Lee J, Kwok SK, Park SH, Cho ML. IL-17-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction impairs apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts through activation of autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2565. [PMID: 28102843 PMCID: PMC5386390 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are a major cell population of the pannus that invades cartilage and bone in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). FLS resistance to apoptosis is a major characteristic of RA. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-17-producing T helper (Th17) cells on resistance to apoptosis in FLSs from RA patients (RA FLSs) and their roles in mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy. Mitochondrial function was assessed in RA FLSs and FLSs from osteoarthritis patients (OA FLSs). FLSs were treated with IL-17 and their morphological features, respiratory level and mitochondrial gene expression were measured. The effects of IL-17 and Th17 cells on the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis were evaluated by measuring the expression of apoptosis-related genes using sodium nitroprusside or 3-methyladenine. The mitochondria of FLSs isolated from RA and osteoarthritis patients displayed different morphological and physiological features. RA FLSs exhibited greater autophagosome formation and greater dysfunction of mitochondrial respiration compared with OA FLSs. IL-17 induced mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagosome formation in RA FLSs, suggesting that they were resistant to apoptosis. Autophagy-related antiapoptosis induced by IL-17 was restored by inhibition of autophagy, suggesting a relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cell survival in RA FLSs. Th17 cells and IL-17 increased autophagy of RA FLSs by causing mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings suggest that, in RA, interactions between RA FLSs and Th17 cells may be involved in the tumorous growth of FLSs and the formation of pannus in joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Kwon
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon-Young Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Da Som Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Moon
- Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jennifer Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Divison of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Network, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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80
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Hong JH, Yi HS, Yi S, Kim HW, Lee J, Kim KS. Implications of oncocytic change in papillary thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 85:797-804. [PMID: 27234487 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the presence of oncocytic change in less than 75% of a tumour is not considered to indicate oncocytic variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), we frequently observe partial oncocytic change, especially in obese PTC patients. Thus, we sought to investigate the relationship between the presence of oncocytic change of PTC and its prognosis. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We retrospectively studied 142 patients with PTC who had undergone surgery between 2000 and 2005, and re-evaluated their PTC slides to record the proportion of oncocytic change in 10% increments from 0% to 100%. MAJOR OUTCOME MEASURE We analysed the relationship between the proportion of oncocytic change and clinicopathological prognostic factors. RESULTS Oncocytic change was found in 45·8% (65/142) of PTC patients. The proportion of patients with oncocytic change was higher in obese patients than in lean patients and showed a significant correlation with the BMI (r = 0·195, P = 0·020). The PTC patients with oncocytic change showed a higher recurrence rate than PTC patients without oncocytic change (30·8% vs 11·7%, respectively; P = 0·005). The presence of oncocytic change in PTC patients was associated with a shorter disease-free survival in a Kaplan-Meier analysis after a mean follow-up of 8·9 years. CONCLUSION The patients with PTC with oncocytic change presented with a higher recurrence rate and were more likely to be obese. These findings suggest that presence of oncocytic change is a poor prognostic factor in PTC patients, even if the oncocytic change involves less than 75% of a tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hwa Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Shinae Yi
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Woo Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
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81
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Kim JJ, Kang YJ, Shin SA, Bak DH, Lee JW, Lee KB, Yoo YC, Kim DK, Lee BH, Kim DW, Lee J, Jo EK, Yuk JM. Phlorofucofuroeckol Improves Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity through Modulation of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in PC12 Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163433. [PMID: 27669570 PMCID: PMC5036853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with a clinically high prevalence and mortality. Despite many efforts to protect against ischemic stroke, its incidence and related permanent disabilities continue to increase. In this study, we found that pretreatment with phlorofucofuroeckol (PFF), isolated from brown algae species, significantly increased cell viability in glutamate-stimulated PC12 cells. Additionally, glutamate-stimulated cells showed irregular morphology, but PFF pretreatment resulted in improved cell morphology, which resembled that in cells cultured under normal conditions. We further showed that PFF pretreatment effectively inhibited glutamate-induced apoptotic cell death in a caspase-dependent manner. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by oxidative stress are closely associated with ischemia-induced neurological diseases. Exposure of PC12 cells to glutamate induced abundant production of intracellular ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction, which was attenuated by PFF in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo studies revealed that PFF-mediated prevention was achieved predominantly through inhibition of apoptosis and mitochondrial ROS generation. Taken together, these results suggest the possibility of PFF as a neuroprotective agent in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwa-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Geosan, Chungbuk, South Korea
- Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- LES Corporation Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JMY); (JJK)
| | - Yoon-Joong Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Geosan, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Sun-Ae Shin
- Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Material Science and Engineering, Jungwon University, Geosan, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yung Choon Yoo
- Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Do-Kyung Kim
- Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bong Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Brain Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jina Lee
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Yuk
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Infection Biology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JMY); (JJK)
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82
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Abstract
Food insecurity is an important issue in public health even in developed societies, particularly for vulnerable populations. Food insecurity refers to the uncertain or limited access to adequate and safe foods. Emerging evidence shows an association between food insecurity, type 2 diabetes risk factors, and management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. A review of the current literature describing the association between food insecurity and diabetes reveals possible mechanisms and pathophysiologic pathways. There is less evidence for effective interventions, and much of the current literature is limited to cross-sectional studies. Future work should evaluate longitudinal associations and ways to help vulnerable patients with diabetes access adequate food for effective diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utibe R Essien
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 50 Staniford St, 9th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Naysha N Shahid
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Diabetes Population Health Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth A Berkowitz
- Harvard Medical School, 50 Staniford St, 9th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Diabetes Population Health Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Bhatia HS, Baron J, Hagl S, Eckert GP, Fiebich BL. Rice bran derivatives alleviate microglia activation: possible involvement of MAPK pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:148. [PMID: 27301644 PMCID: PMC4908728 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperactivation of microglia is considered to be a key hallmark of brain inflammation and plays a critical role in regulating neuroinflammatory events. Neuroinflammatory responses in microglia represent one of the major risk factors for various neurodegenerative diseases. One of the strategies to protect the brain and slow down the progression of these neurodegenerative diseases is by consuming diet enriched in anti-oxidants and polyphenols. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of rice bran extract (RBE), one of the rich sources of vitamin E forms (tocopherols and tocotrienols) and gamma-oryzanols, in primary rat microglia. METHODS The vitamin E profile of the RBE was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Microglia were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of RBE. Release of prostaglandins (prostaglandin (PG) E2, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α)) were determined with enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Protein levels and genes related to PGE2 synthesis (Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1)) and various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10), were assessed by western blot, ELISA, and quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, to elucidate the molecular targets of RBE, the phosphorylated state of various mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling molecules (p38 MAPK, ERK 1/2, and JNK) and activation of NF-kB pathway was studied. RESULTS RBE significantly inhibited the release of PGE2 and free radical formation (8-iso-PGF2α) in LPS-activated primary microglia. Inhibition of PGE2 by RBE was dependent on reduced COX-2 and mPGES-1 immunoreactivity in microglia. Interestingly, treatment of activated microglia with RBE further enhanced the gene expression of the microglial M2 marker IL-10 and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory M1 markers (TNF-α, IL-1β). Further mechanistic studies showed that RBE inhibits microglial activation by interfering with important steps of MAPK signaling pathway. Additionally, microglia activation with LPS leads to IkB-α degradation which was not affected by the pre-treatment of RBE. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data demonstrate that RBE is able to affect microglial activation by interfering in important inflammatory pathway. These in vitro findings further demonstrate the potential value of RBE as a nutraceutical for the prevention of microglial dysfunction related to neuroinflammatory diseases, including Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsharan S. Bhatia
- />Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg Medical School, Hauptstr. 5, Freiburg, 79104 Germany
- />VivaCell Biotechnology GmbH, Ferdinand-Porsche-Str. 5, Denzlingen, 79211 Germany
| | - Julian Baron
- />Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg Medical School, Hauptstr. 5, Freiburg, 79104 Germany
| | - Stephanie Hagl
- />Department of Pharmacology, Goethe University, Biozentrum Niederursel, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt, 60438 Germany
| | - Gunter P. Eckert
- />Department of Pharmacology, Goethe University, Biozentrum Niederursel, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, Frankfurt, 60438 Germany
- />Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Giessen, Wilhelmstrasse 20, Giessen, 35392 Germany
| | - Bernd L. Fiebich
- />Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg Medical School, Hauptstr. 5, Freiburg, 79104 Germany
- />VivaCell Biotechnology GmbH, Ferdinand-Porsche-Str. 5, Denzlingen, 79211 Germany
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84
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Viggiano E, Mollica MP, Lionetti L, Cavaliere G, Trinchese G, De Filippo C, Chieffi S, Gaita M, Barletta A, De Luca B, Crispino M, Monda M. Effects of an High-Fat Diet Enriched in Lard or in Fish Oil on the Hypothalamic Amp-Activated Protein Kinase and Inflammatory Mediators. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:150. [PMID: 27375435 PMCID: PMC4899473 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The high fat diet (HFD) rich in lard induces obesity, inflammation and oxidative stress, and the deregulation of hypothalamic nuclei plays an important role in this mechanism. One important factor involved in the food intake and inflammation is adenosine monophosphate-dependent kinase (AMPK), a serine/threonine kinase activated by phosphorylation. Omega (ω)3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are dietary compounds known to attenuate the obesity-related diseases, although the molecular mechanisms underlying their actions in the hypothalamus are not completely understood. We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of PUFA may be mediated by AMPK in the hypothalamus. To this aim, rats were fed a control diet (CD), or isocaloric HFD containing either fish oil (FD; rich in ω3-PUFA) or lard for 6 weeks, and the activation of AMPK, inflammatory state (IKKβ, TNF-α) and oxidative stress were analyzed in the hypothalamus. In addition, we also studied serum lipid profile, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index, and pro-inflammatory parameters. Our results showed, at the hypothalamic level of LD-fed rats, an increase of AMPK activation, inflammation and oxidative stress, while no modifications were detected in FD-fed animals compared to CD. In addition body weight gain, serum lipid profile, pro-inflammatory parameters and insulin resistance were reduced in FD animals compared to LD. In conclusion, our data indicate that the substitution of saturated by unsaturated fatty acids in the diet has beneficial effects on modulation of hypothalamic inflammation and function in obesity, underlying, at hypothalamic level, the interaction among insulin and/or leptin resistance, AMPK activation and hyperphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Viggiano
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Section of Human Physiology, Second University of NaplesNaples, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of PadovaPadua, Italy
| | | | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | | | - Chiara De Filippo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Chieffi
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Section of Human Physiology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Gaita
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Barletta
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno De Luca
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Section of Human Physiology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Section of Human Physiology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
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85
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Camps J, García-Heredia A, Hernández-Aguilera A, Joven J. Paraoxonases, mitochondrial dysfunction and non-communicable diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:382-387. [PMID: 27062890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The most common non-communicable diseases (NCD) are obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and neurological diseases. Together, they constitute the commonest cause of death and disability worldwide. Mitochondrial alterations, oxidative stress and inflammation underpin NCD and are molecular mechanisms playing major roles in the disease onset and natural history. Interrelations between the mechanisms of oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolism are, in the broadest sense of energy transformations, being increasingly recognized as part of the problem in NCD. Whether or not oxidative stress and inflammation are the causes or the consequences of cellular disturbances, they do significantly contribute to NCD. Paraoxonases are associated with mitochondria and mitochondria-associated membranes. They modulate mitochondria-dependent superoxide production, and prevent apoptosis. Their overexpression protects mitochondria from endoplasmic reticulum stress and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction; highlighting that the anti-inflammatory effects of paraoxonases may be mediated, at least in part, by their protective role in mitochondria and associated organelle function. Since oxidative stress is implicated in the development of NCD (as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction), these data suggest that understanding the role and the molecular targets of paraoxonases may provide novel strategies of intervention in the treatment of these important diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, Reus 43201, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Anabel García-Heredia
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, Reus 43201, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, Reus 43201, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, Reus 43201, Catalonia, Spain
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Abstract
The obtaining of nutrients is the most important task in our lives. Energy is central to life's evolutions; this was one of the aspect that induced the selection of the more adaptable and more energetically profitable species. Nowadays things have changed in our modern society. A high proportion of people has access to plenty amount of food and the obesity appear as one of the pathological characteristics of our society. Energy is obtained essentially in the mitochondria with the transfer of protons across the inner membrane that produce ATP. The exactly regulation of the synthesis and degradation of ATP (ATP ↔ ADP + phosphate) is essential to all form of life. This task is performed by the 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). mtDNA is highly exposed to oxidative damage and could play a central role in human health and disease. This high potential rate of abnormalities is controlled by one of the most complex mechanism: the autophagy. AMPK appears to be the key cellular energy sensor involved in multiple cellular mechanisms and is essential to have a good metabolic homeostasis to face all the aggression and start the inflammatory reaction. Therefore its disturbances have been related with multiple diseases. Recent findings support the role of AMPK in inflammation and immunity such as Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity and Diabetes. All these Metabolic Disorders are considered pandemics and they need an adequate control and prevention. One important way to achieve it is deepen in the pathogenic mechanisms. Mitochondria and AMPK are the key elements through which it happen, their knowledge and research allow us to a better management. The discovery and use of drugs that can modulate them is imperative to improve our way of manage the metabolic disorders.
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87
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Yang P, Li Z, Zhang L, Li H, Li Z. Analysis of metabonomic profiling alterations in a mouse model of colitis-associated cancer and 2-deoxy-d-glucose treatment. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01718e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
2-DG, a glycolytic inhibitor, attenuates AOM/DSS induced carcinogenesis. 2-DG also attenuates AOM/DSS induced metabolic alterations of 14 potential biomarkers. In addition, 2-DG attenuates AOM/DSS induced PKM2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Zongwei Li
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Hanqing Li
- College of Life Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
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88
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Brunst KJ, Baccarelli AA, Wright RJ. Integrating mitochondriomics in children's environmental health. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:976-91. [PMID: 26046650 PMCID: PMC4714560 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The amount of scientific research linking environmental exposures and childhood health outcomes continues to grow; yet few studies have teased out the mechanisms involved in environmentally-induced diseases. Cells can respond to environmental stressors in many ways: inducing oxidative stress/inflammation, changes in energy production and epigenetic alterations. Mitochondria, tiny organelles that each retains their own DNA, are exquisitely sensitive to environmental insults and are thought to be central players in these pathways. While it is intuitive that mitochondria play an important role in disease processes, given that every cell of our body is dependent on energy metabolism, it is less clear how environmental exposures impact mitochondrial mechanisms that may lead to enhanced risk of disease. Many of the effects of the environment are initiated in utero and integrating mitochondriomics into children's environmental health studies is a critical priority. This review will highlight (i) the importance of exploring environmental mitochondriomics in children's environmental health, (ii) why environmental mitochondriomics is well suited to biomarker development in this context, and (iii) how molecular and epigenetic changes in mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may reflect exposures linked to childhood health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J. Brunst
- Kravis Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health, Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Exposure Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rosalind J. Wright
- Kravis Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
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89
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Bilotta F, Lauretta MP, Tewari A, Haque M, Hara N, Uchino H, Rosa G. Insulin and the Brain: A Sweet Relationship With Intensive Care. J Intensive Care Med 2015; 32:48-58. [PMID: 26168800 DOI: 10.1177/0885066615594341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin receptors (IRs) in the brain have unique molecular features and a characteristic pattern of distribution. Their possible functions extend beyond glucose utilization. In this systematic review, we explore the interactions between insulin and the brain and its implications for anesthesiologists, critical care physicians, and other medical disciplines. METHODS A literature search of published preclinical and clinical studies between 1978 and 2014 was conducted, yielding 5996 articles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 92 studies were selected for this systematic review. RESULTS The IRs have unique molecular features, pattern of distribution, and mechanism of action. It has effects on neuronal function, metabolism, and neurotransmission. The IRs are involved in neuronal apoptosis and neurodegenerative processes. CONCLUSION In this systematic review, we present a close relationship between insulin and the brain, with discernible effects on memory, learning abilities, and motor functions. The potential therapeutic effects extend from acute brain insults such as traumatic brain injury, brain ischemia, and hemorrhage, to chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. An understanding of the wider effects of insulin conveyed in this review will prompt anaesthesiologists and critical care physicians to consider its therapeutic potential and guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bilotta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M P Lauretta
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy .,Critical Care Department, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Tewari
- Department of Pediatric Neuroanesthesia and IONM, Cincinnati Children Hospital & Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Haque
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Department, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Hara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Uchino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - G Rosa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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90
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Calvo N, Beltrán-Debón R, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Hernández-Aguilera A, Guirro M, Mariné-Casadó R, Millá L, Alegret JM, Sabench F, del Castillo D, Vinaixa M, Rodríguez M&A, Correig X, García-Álvarez R, Menendez JA, Camps J, Joven J. Liver fat deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction in morbid obesity: An approach combining metabolomics with liver imaging and histology. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:7529-7544. [PMID: 26140000 PMCID: PMC4481449 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i24.7529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) for assessment of non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD) as compared with liver histological and metabolomics findings.
METHODS: Patients undergoing bariatric surgery following procedures involved in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were recruited as a model of obesity-induced NAFLD in an observational, prospective, single-site, cross-sectional study with a pre-set duration of 1 year. Relevant data were obtained prospectively and surrogates for inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid and glucose metabolism were obtained through standard laboratory measurements. To provide reliable data from MRI and MRS, novel procedures were designed to limit sampling variability and other sources of error using a 1.5T Signa HDx scanner and protocols acquired from the 3D or 2D Fat SAT FIESTA prescription manager. We used our previously described 1H NMR-based metabolomics assays. Data were obtained immediately before surgery and after a 12-mo period including histology of the liver and measurement of metabolites. Values from 1H NMR spectra obtained after surgery were omitted due to technical limitations.
RESULTS: MRI data showed excellent correlation with the concentration of liver triglycerides, other hepatic lipid components and the histological assessment, which excluded the presence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). MRI was sufficient to follow up NAFLD in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and data suggest usefulness in other clinical situations. The information provided by MRS replicated that obtained by MRI using the -CH3 peak (0.9 ppm), the -CH2- peak (1.3 ppm, mostly triglyceride) and the
-CH=CH- peak (2.2 ppm). No patient depicted NASH. After surgery all patients significantly decreased their body weight and steatosis was virtually absent even in patients with previous severe disease. Improvement was also observed in the serum concentrations of selected variables. The most relevant findings using metabolomics indicate increased levels of triglyceride and monounsaturated fatty acids in severe steatosis but those results were accompanied by a significant depletion of diglycerides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, glucose-6-phosphate and the ATP/AMP ratio. Combined data indicated the coordinated action on mitochondrial fat oxidation and glucose transport activity and may support the consideration of NAFLD as a likely mitochondrial disease. This concept may help to explain the dissociation between excess lipid storage in adipose tissue and NAFLD and may direct the search for plasma biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies. A limitation of our study is that data were obtained in a relatively low number of patients.
CONCLUSION: MRI is sufficient to stage NAFLD in obese patients and to assess the improvement after bariatric surgery. Other data were superfluous for this purpose.
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91
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Virmani A, Pinto L, Bauermann O, Zerelli S, Diedenhofen A, Binienda ZK, Ali SF, van der Leij FR. The Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase (CPT) System and Possible Relevance for Neuropsychiatric and Neurological Conditions. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:826-36. [PMID: 26041663 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) system is a multiprotein complex with catalytic activity localized within a core represented by CPT1 and CPT2 in the outer and inner membrane of the mitochondria, respectively. Two proteins, the acyl-CoA synthase and a translocase also form part of this system. This system is crucial for the mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. CPT1 has two well-known isoforms, CPT1a and CPT1b. CPT1a is the hepatic isoform and CPT1b is typically muscular; both are normally utilized by the organism for metabolic processes throughout the body. There is a strong evidence for their involvement in various disease states, e.g., metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and in diabetes mellitus type 2. Recently, a new, third isoform of CPT was described, CPT1c. This is a neuronal isoform and is prevalently localized in brain regions such as hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus. These brain regions play an important role in control of food intake and neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases. CPT activity has been implicated in several neurological and social diseases mainly related to the alteration of insulin equilibrium in the brain. These pathologies include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia. Evolution of both Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease is in some way linked to brain insulin and related metabolic dysfunctions with putative links also with the diabetes type 2. Studies show that in the CNS, CPT1c affects ceramide levels, endocannabionoids, and oxidative processes and may play an important role in various brain functions such as learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Virmani
- Research, Innovation and Development, Sigma-tau Health Science International BV, Utrecht, Netherlands,
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92
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Mitochondrial respiratory dysfunctions of blood mononuclear cells link with cardiac disturbance in patients with early-stage heart failure. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10229. [PMID: 26018291 PMCID: PMC4448851 DOI: 10.1038/srep10229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cardiometabolic risk factors and asymptomatic cardiac hypertrophy are hallmarks of early-stage heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that mitochondrial respiratory dysfunctions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may be associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in early-stage HF patients complicated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Totally 49 subjects were enrolled with 25 early-stage HF patients (stages A and B) having cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction and 24 healthy controls. It showed that excessive inflammation and reduced antioxidant capacity were closely associated with cardiac abnormalities in early-stage HF patients. Furthermore, the values of mitochondrial respiratory functional parameters R, CIOXPHOS, CIIOXPHOS, CI+IIOXPHOS, CI+IIETS and CIIETS were significantly lowered in early-stage HF patients. Interestingly, these respiratory parameters were correlated with inflammation and antioxidant capacity in participants. Finally, cardiometabolic risk factors such as salt intake and blood pressure were related to the mitochondrial respiratory dysfunctions, which were further validated by in vitro experiments. Our study indicated that cardiometabolic risk factor-mediated mitochondrial respiratory dysfunctions of PBMCs link with the cellular inflammation / oxidative stress and cardiac disturbance in early-stage HF.
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93
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Celastrol Protects against Antimycin A-Induced Insulin Resistance in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells. Molecules 2015; 20:8242-69. [PMID: 25961164 PMCID: PMC6272652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20058242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation are widely accepted as key hallmarks of obesity-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the functional roles of an anti-inflammatory compound, celastrol, in mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance induced by antimycin A (AMA) in human skeletal muscle cells. We found that celastrol treatment improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake activity of AMA-treated cells, apparently via PI3K/Akt pathways, with significant enhancement of mitochondrial activities. Furthermore, celastrol prevented increased levels of cellular oxidative damage where the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines in cultures cells was greatly reduced. Celastrol significantly increased protein phosphorylation of insulin signaling cascades with amplified expression of AMPK protein and attenuated NF-κB and PKC θ activation in human skeletal muscle treated with AMA. The improvement of insulin signaling pathways by celastrol was also accompanied by augmented GLUT4 protein expression. Taken together, these results suggest that celastrol may be advocated for use as a potential therapeutic molecule to protect against mitochondrial dysfunction-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle cells.
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94
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Raiten DJ, Sakr Ashour FA, Ross AC, Meydani SN, Dawson HD, Stephensen CB, Brabin BJ, Suchdev PS, van Ommen B. Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies and Interpretation of Research Evidence (INSPIRE). J Nutr 2015; 145:1039S-1108S. [PMID: 25833893 PMCID: PMC4448820 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.194571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing recognition has emerged of the complexities of the global health agenda—specifically, the collision of infections and noncommunicable diseases and the dual burden of over- and undernutrition. Of particular practical concern are both 1) the need for a better understanding of the bidirectional relations between nutritional status and the development and function of the immune and inflammatory response and 2) the specific impact of the inflammatory response on the selection, use, and interpretation of nutrient biomarkers. The goal of the Inflammation and Nutritional Science for Programs/Policies and Interpretation of Research Evidence (INSPIRE) is to provide guidance for those users represented by the global food and nutrition enterprise. These include researchers (bench and clinical), clinicians providing care/treatment, those developing and evaluating programs/interventions at scale, and those responsible for generating evidence-based policy. The INSPIRE process included convening 5 thematic working groups (WGs) charged with developing summary reports around the following issues: 1) basic overview of the interactions between nutrition, immune function, and the inflammatory response; 2) examination of the evidence regarding the impact of nutrition on immune function and inflammation; 3) evaluation of the impact of inflammation and clinical conditions (acute and chronic) on nutrition; 4) examination of existing and potential new approaches to account for the impact of inflammation on biomarker interpretation and use; and 5) the presentation of new approaches to the study of these relations. Each WG was tasked with synthesizing a summary of the evidence for each of these topics and delineating the remaining gaps in our knowledge. This review consists of a summary of the INSPIRE workshop and the WG deliberations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Raiten
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD;
| | - Fayrouz A Sakr Ashour
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - A Catharine Ross
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Veterinary and Biomedical Science and Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Simin N Meydani
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Harry D Dawson
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Charles B Stephensen
- Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA, Davis, CA
| | - Bernard J Brabin
- Child and Reproductive Health Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Global Child Health Group, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Parminder S Suchdev
- Department of Pediatrics and Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; and
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95
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Currais A. Ageing and inflammation - A central role for mitochondria in brain health and disease. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 21:30-42. [PMID: 25684584 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To develop successful therapies that prevent or treat neurodegenerative diseases requires an understanding of the upstream events. Ageing is by far the greatest risk factor for most of these diseases, and to clarify their causes will require an understanding of the process of ageing itself. Starting with the question Why do we age as individual organisms, but the line of pluripotent embryonic stem cells and germ cells carried by individuals and transmitted to descendants is immortal? this review discusses how the process of cellular differentiation leads to the accumulation of biological imperfections with ageing, and how these imperfections may be the cause of chronic inflammatory responses to stress that undermine cellular function. Both differentiation and inflammation involve drastic metabolic changes associated with alterations in mitochondrial dynamics that shift the balance between aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. With ageing, mitochondrial dysfunction can be both the cause and consequence of inflammatory processes and elicit metabolic adaptations that might be either protective or become progressively detrimental. It is argued here that an understanding of the relationship between metabolism, differentiation and inflammation is essential to understand the pathological mechanisms governing brain health and disease during ageing.
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The pleiotropic effect of physical exercise on mitochondrial dynamics in aging skeletal muscle. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:917085. [PMID: 25945152 PMCID: PMC4402202 DOI: 10.1155/2015/917085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Decline in human muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia) is one of the principal hallmarks of the aging process. Regular physical exercise and training programs are certain powerful stimuli to attenuate the physiological skeletal muscle alterations occurring during aging and contribute to promote health and well-being. Although the series of events that led to these muscle adaptations are poorly understood, the mechanisms that regulate these processes involve the “quality” of skeletal muscle mitochondria. Aerobic/endurance exercise helps to maintain and improve cardiovascular fitness and respiratory function, whereas strength/resistance-exercise programs increase muscle strength, power development, and function. Due to the different effect of both exercises in improving mitochondrial content and quality, in terms of biogenesis, dynamics, turnover, and genotype, combined physical activity programs should be individually prescribed to maximize the antiaging effects of exercise.
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97
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Camps J, Joven J. Chemokine ligand 2 and paraoxonase-1 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The search for alternative causative factors. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:2875-2882. [PMID: 25780284 PMCID: PMC4356906 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i10.2875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is constantly increasing. Despite this is apparently associated with the growing increase in obesity, insulin resistance and obesity-related metabolic disturbances their presence is not a necessary or sufficient condition to explain the accumulation of fat in the liver. Conversely, NAFLD is a predictor of other metabolic risks. NAFLD is currently the most frequent chronic liver disease but should not be considered benign or anecdotic because a considerable proportion of patients with NAFLD progress to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. Consequently, the search for alternative molecular mechanisms with therapeutic implications in NAFLD and associated disorders deserves a careful consideration. Mitochondria are possible targets as these organelles generate energy from nutrient oxidation. Some findings, generated in patients with extreme obesity and in murine models, support the notion that NAFLD could be a mitochondrial disease. This is plausible because mitochondrial dysfunction affects the accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes and promotes lipid peroxidation, the production of reactive oxygen species, the release of cytokines causing inflammation and cell death. Here we discuss basic research and mechanistic studies targeting the role of chemokine ligand 2 in liver inflammation and that of the paraoxonases in the oxidative stress. Their combination and association with mitochondrial dysfunction may uncover mechanisms underlying the progression of NAFLD and may help to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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98
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Bakar MHA, Sarmidi MR, Kai CK, Huri HZ, Yaakob H. Amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction-induced insulin resistance in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes via inhibition of NF-κB pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:22227-57. [PMID: 25474091 PMCID: PMC4284705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways is among the inflammatory mechanism involved in the development of insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissues derived from obese animal and human subjects. Nevertheless, little is known about the roles of NF-κB pathways in regulating mitochondrial function of the adipose tissues. In the present study, we sought to investigate the direct effects of celastrol (potent NF-κB inhibitor) upon mitochondrial dysfunction-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Celastrol ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction by altering mitochondrial fusion and fission in adipocytes. The levels of oxidative DNA damage, protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation were down-regulated. Further, the morphology and quantification of intracellular lipid droplets revealed the decrease of intracellular lipid accumulation with reduced lipolysis. Moreover, massive production of the pro-inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were markedly depleted. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake activity was restored with the enhancement of insulin signaling pathways. This study signified that the treatments modulated towards knockdown of NF-κB transcription factor may counteract these metabolic insults exacerbated in our model of synergy between mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. These results demonstrate for the first time that NF-κB inhibition modulates mitochondrial dysfunction induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamad Roji Sarmidi
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, University Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Cheng Kian Kai
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia.
| | - Hasniza Zaman Huri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Harisun Yaakob
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing (ICA), University Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Malaysia.
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Rotenone, a mitochondrial respiratory complex I inhibitor, ameliorates lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 21:200-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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100
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Mapping of the circulating metabolome reveals α-ketoglutarate as a predictor of morbid obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:279-87. [DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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