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Lee YH, Kim SR, Han DH, Yu HT, Han YD, Kim JH, Kim SH, Lee CJ, Min BH, Kim DH, Kim KH, Cho JW, Lee WW, Shin EC, Park S. Senescent T Cells Predict the Development of Hyperglycemia in Humans. Diabetes 2019; 68:156-162. [PMID: 30389747 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Senescent T cells have been implicated in chronic inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we explored the relationship between senescent T cells and glycemic status in a cohort of 805 participants by investigating the frequency of CD57+ or CD28null senescent T cells in peripheral blood. Participants with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) with follow-up data (N = 149) were included to determine whether hyperglycemia (prediabetes or type 2 diabetes) developed during follow-up (mean 2.3 years). CD8+CD57+ and CD8+CD28null T-cell frequencies were significantly higher in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes compared with NGT. Increased CD57+ or CD28null cells in the CD8+ T-cell subset were independently associated with hyperglycemia. Furthermore, among participants with baseline NGT, the frequency of CD8+CD57+ T cells was an independent predictor of hyperglycemia development. Immunofluorescent analyses confirmed that CD8+CD57+ T-cell infiltration was increased in visceral adipose tissue of patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes compared with those with NGT. Our data suggest that increased frequency of senescent CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood is associated with development of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ho Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Hospital, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Systems Biology, Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Ra Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Dai Hoon Han
- Severance Hospital, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Tae Yu
- Severance Hospital, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Dae Han
- Severance Hospital, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan Joo Lee
- Severance Hospital, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung-Hoon Min
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Institute of Endemic Disease and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, and Institute of Endemic Disease, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Severance Hospital, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Cardiology Division, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Burhans MS, Hagman DK, Kuzma JN, Schmidt KA, Kratz M. Contribution of Adipose Tissue Inflammation to the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:1-58. [PMID: 30549014 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this comprehensive review is to summarize and discuss the available evidence of how adipose tissue inflammation affects insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Low-grade, chronic adipose tissue inflammation is characterized by infiltration of macrophages and other immune cell populations into adipose tissue, and a shift toward more proinflammatory subtypes of leukocytes. The infiltration of proinflammatory cells in adipose tissue is associated with an increased production of key chemokines such as C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α and interleukins 1β and 6 as well as reduced expression of the key insulin-sensitizing adipokine, adiponectin. In both rodent models and humans, adipose tissue inflammation is consistently associated with excess fat mass and insulin resistance. In humans, associations with insulin resistance are stronger and more consistent for inflammation in visceral as opposed to subcutaneous fat. Further, genetic alterations in mouse models of obesity that reduce adipose tissue inflammation are-almost without exception-associated with improved insulin sensitivity. However, a dissociation between adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance can be observed in very few rodent models of obesity as well as in humans following bariatric surgery- or low-calorie-diet-induced weight loss, illustrating that the etiology of insulin resistance is multifactorial. Taken together, adipose tissue inflammation is a key factor in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obesity, along with other factors that likely include inflammation and fat accumulation in other metabolically active tissues. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1-58, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie S Burhans
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Derek K Hagman
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jessica N Kuzma
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kelsey A Schmidt
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mario Kratz
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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53
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Kalathookunnel Antony A, Lian Z, Wu H. T Cells in Adipose Tissue in Aging. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2945. [PMID: 30619305 PMCID: PMC6299975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to obesity, aging is associated with visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. Inflammation in adipose tissue, mainly evidenced by increased accumulation and proinflammatory polarization of T cells and macrophages, has been well-documented in obesity and may contribute to the associated metabolic dysfunctions including insulin resistance. Studies show that increased inflammation, including inflammation in adipose tissue, also occurs in aging, so-called "inflamm-aging." Aging-associated inflammation in adipose tissue has some similarities but also differences compared to obesity-related inflammation. In particular, conventional T cells are elevated in adipose tissue in both obesity and aging and have been implicated in metabolic functions in obesity. However, the changes and also possibly functions of regulatory T cells (Treg) in adipose tissue are different in aging and obesity. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in research on the changes of these immune cells in adipose tissue with aging and obesity and discuss their possible contributions to metabolism and the potential of these immune cells as novel therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases associated with aging or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeqin Lian
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Adipose Tissue is Enriched for Activated and Late-Differentiated CD8+ T Cells and Shows Distinct CD8+ Receptor Usage, Compared With Blood in HIV-Infected Persons. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2018; 77:e14-e21. [PMID: 29040163 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse viral and medication effects on adipose tissue contribute to the development of metabolic disease in HIV-infected persons, but T cells also have a central role modulating local inflammation and adipocyte function. We sought to characterize potentially proinflammatory T-cell populations in adipose tissue among persons on long-term antiretroviral therapy and assess whether adipose tissue CD8 T cells represent an expanded, oligoclonal population. METHODS We recruited 10 HIV-infected, non-diabetic, overweight or obese adults on efavirenz, tenofovir, and emtricitabine for >4 years with consistent viral suppression. We collected fasting blood and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue to measure the percentage of CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing activation, exhaustion, late differentiation/senescence, and memory surface markers. We performed T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing on sorted CD8 cells. We compared the proportion of each T-cell subset and the TCR repertoire diversity, in blood versus adipose tissue. RESULTS Adipose tissue had a higher percentage of CD3CD8 T cells compared with blood (61.0% vs. 51.7%, P < 0.01) and was enriched for both activated CD8HLA-DR T cells (5.5% vs. 0.9%, P < 0.01) and late-differentiated CD8CD57 T cells (37.4% vs. 22.7%, P < 0.01). Adipose tissue CD8 T cells displayed distinct TCRβ V and J gene usage, and the Shannon Entropy index, a measure of overall TCRβ repertoire diversity, was lower compared with blood (4.39 vs. 4.46; P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue is enriched for activated and late-differentiated CD8 T cells with distinct TCR usage. These cells may contribute to tissue inflammation and impaired adipocyte fitness in HIV-infected persons.
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Kochetova OV, Avzaletdinova DS, Morugova TV, Mustafina OE. Chemokine gene polymorphisms association with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tatar ethnic group, Russia. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:887-896. [PMID: 30536157 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that chemokines play an important role in the development of chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, obesity pathogenesis, glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. It has also been revealed that some SNPs in chemokine genes are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and diabetes complications in different ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between SNPs in chemokine genes and type 2 diabetes in participants of Tatar ethnic group, living in Bashkortostan. Case-control and cross-sectional study were included in our study design. Five SNPs were genotyped in 440 type 2 diabetes (160 men and 280 women), 58.8 ± 9.2 years old (mean ± SD), BMI 29.3 ± 3.9 kg/m2 (mean ± SD) patients of Tatar ethnicity, and a control group of 500 Tatars (180 men and 320 women), 55.2 ± 11.6 years old (mean ± SD), BMI 25.9 ± 4.3 kg/m2 (mean ± SD). The SNPs rs6749704 in CCL20 [odds ratio (OR) = 2.77 (95% CI 1.81-4.25), р = 0.0001], rs2107538 in CCL5 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.80 (95% CI 1.46-2.22), p = 0.0001] were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. Regression analysis revealed that rs1696941 in CCL11 was associated with the onset age and duration of type 2 diabetes as well as with HbA1c level (p = 0.034, p = 0.036 and p = 0.0054, respectively). The SNPs rs223828 in CCL17 and rs6749704 in CCL20 were correlated with obesity as estimated by BMI (p = 0.0004, p = 0.029, respectively). Rs223828 in CCL17 revealed the association with postprandial glucose level (p = 0.024) and HbA1c (p = 0.008). These data demonstrate that variants of chemokine genes are associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity of Tatar ethnic group inhabiting Bashkortostan Republic. Novel associations of the polymorphic loci in CCL20 (rs6749704) and CCL5 (rs2107538) genes with type 2 diabetes had been identified as a result of the conducted research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Kochetova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Science, 71 October Ave., Ufa, Russia, 450054
| | - Diana S Avzaletdinova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Medical University" of Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation, 3 Lenin St., Ufa, Russia, 45008.
| | - Tatyana V Morugova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Medical University" of Healthcare Ministry of the Russian Federation, 3 Lenin St., Ufa, Russia, 45008
| | - Olga E Mustafina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of Ufa Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Science, 71 October Ave., Ufa, Russia, 450054
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56
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Chen W, Zhang J, Fan HN, Zhu JS. Function and therapeutic advances of chemokine and its receptor in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2018; 11:1756284818815184. [PMID: 30574191 PMCID: PMC6295708 DOI: 10.1177/1756284818815184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of hepatic pathology, ranging from simple accumulation of fat in its most benign form, steatohepatitis, to cirrhosis in its most advanced form. The prevalence of NAFLD is 20-30% in adults, and 10-20% of patients with NAFLD progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which is predicted to be the leading cause of liver transplantation over the next 10 years. Therefore, it is essential to explore effective diagnostic and treatment strategies for NAFLD patients. Chemokines are a family of small and highly conserved proteins (molecular weight ranging from 8 to 12 kDa) involved in regulating the migration and activities of hepatocytes, Kupffer cells (KCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), endothelial cells and circulating immune cells. Accumulating data show that chemokine and its receptor act vital roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Herein, we summarize the involvement of the chemokine and its receptor in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and explore the novel pharmacotherapeutic avenues for patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Ning Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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57
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Wanjalla CN, McDonnell WJ, Koethe JR. Adipose Tissue T Cells in HIV/SIV Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2730. [PMID: 30559739 PMCID: PMC6286992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue comprises one of the largest organs in the body and performs diverse functions including energy storage and release, regulation of appetite and other neuroendocrine signaling, and modulation of immuity, among others. Adipocytes reside in a complex compartment where antigen, antigen presenting cells, innate immune cells, and adaptive immune cells interact locally and exert systemic effects on inflammation, circulating immune cell profiles, and metabolic homeostasis. T lymphocytes are a major component of the adipose tissue milieu which are altered in disease states such as obesity and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. While obesity, HIV infection, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV; a non-human primate virus similar to HIV) infection are accompanied by enrichment of CD8+ T cells in the adipose tissue, major phenotypic differences in CD4+ T cells and other immune cell populations distinguish HIV/SIV infection from obesity. Furthermore, DNA and RNA species of HIV and SIV can be detected in the stromal vascular fraction of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and replication-competent HIV resides in local CD4+ T cells. Here, we review studies of adipose tissue CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations in HIV and SIV, and contrast the findings with those reported in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestine N Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Wyatt J McDonnell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John R Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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58
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Wang Q, Wu H. T Cells in Adipose Tissue: Critical Players in Immunometabolism. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2509. [PMID: 30459770 PMCID: PMC6232870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue performs immunoregulatory functions in addition to fat storage. Various T cells in different fat depots either help maintain metabolic homeostasis under healthy conditions or contribute to metabolic disorders in pathological conditions such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or even cancer. These T cells play critical roles in immunometabolism, which refers to the intersection of immunity and metabolism. Numerous studies have examined the presence and changes of different T cell subsets, including helper T cells, regulatory T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and natural killer T cells, in adipose depots in health and diseases. In this review, we will discuss the adipose tissue niches that influence the patterns and functions of T cell subsets and in turn the impact of these T cells on cell- or body-based immunometabolism accounting for health and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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59
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Ferguson JF, Roberts-Lee K, Borcea C, Smith HM, Midgette Y, Shah R. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate inflammatory activation and alter differentiation in human adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 64:45-49. [PMID: 30428424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically the fish-oil-derived eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been proposed as inflammation-resolving agents via their effects on adipose tissue. OBJECTIVE We proposed to determine the effects of EPA and DHA on human adipocyte differentiation and inflammatory activation in vitro. METHODS Primary human subcutaneous adipocytes from lean and obese subjects were treated with 100 μM EPA and/or DHA throughout differentiation (differentiation studies) or for 72 h postdifferentiation (inflammatory studies). THP-1 monocytes were added to adipocyte wells for co-culture experiments. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose explants from obese subjects were treated for 72 h with EPA and DHA. Oil Red O staining was performed on live cells. Cells were collected for mRNA analysis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and media were collected for protein quantification by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Incubation with EPA and/or DHA attenuated inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and monocyte co-culture with reduction in post-LPS mRNA expression and protein levels of IL6, CCL2 and CX3CL1. Expression of inflammatory genes was also reduced in the endogenous inflammatory response in obese adipose. Both DHA and EPA reduced lipid droplet formation and lipogenic gene expression without alteration in expression of adipogenic genes or adiponectin secretion. CONCLUSIONS EPA and DHA attenuate inflammatory activation of in vitro human adipocytes and reduce lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane F Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kailey Roberts-Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cristina Borcea
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Holly M Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yasmeen Midgette
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachana Shah
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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60
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Zhou H, Liu F. Regulation, Communication, and Functional Roles of Adipose Tissue-Resident CD4 + T Cells in the Control of Metabolic Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1961. [PMID: 30233575 PMCID: PMC6134258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence accumulated over the past few years has documented a critical role for adipose tissue (AT)-resident immune cells in the regulation of local and systemic metabolic homeostasis. In the lean state, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is predominated by anti-inflammatory T-helper 2 (Th2) and regulatory T (Treg) cell subsets. As obesity progresses, the population of Th2 and Treg cells decreases while that of the T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 17 (Th17) cells increases, leading to augmented inflammation and insulin resistance. Notably, recent studies also suggest a potential role of CD4+ T cells in the control of thermogenesis and energy homeostasis. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in understanding the characteristics and functional roles of AT CD4+ T cell subsets during obesity and energy expenditure. We have also discussed new findings on the crosstalk between CD4+ T cells and local antigen-presenting cells (APCs) including adipocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) to regulate AT function and metabolic homeostasis. Finally, we have highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting CD4+ T cells as an effective strategy for the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South University, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South University, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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61
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Genome-wide study to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with visceral and subcutaneous fat deposition in Holstein dairy cows. Animal 2018; 13:487-494. [PMID: 29961431 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118001519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive abdominal fat might be associated with more severe metabolic disorders in Holstein cows. Our hypothesis was that there are genetic differences between cows with low and high abdominal fat deposition and a normal cover of subcutaneous adipose tissue. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic basis for variation in visceral adiposity in US Holstein cows. The study included adult Holstein cows sampled from a slaughterhouse (Green Bay, WI, USA) during September 2016. Only animals with a body condition score between 2.75 and 3.25 were considered. The extent of omental fat at the level of the insertion of the lesser omentum over the pylorus area was assessed. A group of 100 Holstein cows with an omental fold <5 mm in thickness and minimum fat deposition throughout the entire omentum, and the second group of 100 cows with an omental fold ⩾20 mm in thickness and with a marked fat deposition observed throughout the entire omentum were sampled. A small piece of muscle from the neck was collected from each cow into a sterile container for DNA extraction. Samples were submitted to a commercial laboratory for interrogation of genome-wide genomic variation using the Illumina BovineHD Beadchip. Genome-Wide association analysis was performed to test potential associations between fat deposition and genomic variation. A univariate mixed linear model analysis was performed using genome-wide efficient mixed model association to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with variation in a visceral fat deposition. The chip heritability was 0.686 and the estimated additive genetic and residual variance components were 0.427 and 0.074, respectively. In total, 11 SNPs defining four quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions were found to be significantly associated with visceral fat deposition (P<0.00001). Among them, two of the QTL were detected with four and five significantly associated SNPs, respectively; whereas, the QTLs detected on BTA12 and BTA19 were each detected with only one significantly associated SNP. No enriched gene ontology terms were found within the gene networks harboring these genes when supplied to DAVID using either the Bos taurus or human gene ontology databases. We conclude that excessive omental fat in Holstein cows with similar body condition scores is not caused by a single Mendelian locus and that the trait appears to be at least moderately heritable; consequently, selection to reduce excessive omental fat is potentially possible, but would require the generation of predicted transmitting abilities from larger and random samples of Holstein cattle.
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62
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Ranasinghe R, Eri R. Pleiotropic Immune Functions of Chemokine Receptor 6 in Health and Disease. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5030069. [PMID: 30004409 PMCID: PMC6164274 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
C-C chemoattractant cytokine (chemokine) receptor 6 (CCR6) and its exclusive binding molecule CCL20 is an extremely important chemokine receptor-ligand pair which controls cell migration and immune induction during inflammatory disease. Not many scientific studies have been undertaken to study its immune mechanisms in detail, but its unique contribution to steady state cell chemotaxis in upholding immune tolerance and regulating immune homeostasis during inflammation is evident in multiple systems in the human body, including skin, liver, lung, kidney, brain, eye, joints, gonads and the gut. The role of CCR6 is constitutively expressed as a series of much debilitating severe inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and cancer metastasis. CD4+ T cells, the central organizers of adaptive immunity, are stringently mobilized by the CCR6/CCL20 axis also induced by cytokines and a host of other factors in a carefully executed immune modulation scenario, to bring about a delicate balance between inflammation inducing TH17 cells and regulatory Treg cells. Although the exact immune regulatory role is not elucidated as yet, the CCR6/CCL20 axis is implicated as a front runner which determines the polarization of TH17 and regulatory Treg cells, upon which depends the resolution or progression of many debilitating disorders. This review therefore aims at emphasizing the pleiotropic significance of the chemokines CCR6 and CCL20 in immunologic function in multiple organ systems, thereby hoping to accentuate its value in future therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranmali Ranasinghe
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.
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63
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Rodríguez CP, González MC, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Nájera-Medina O. Peripheral Lymphocytes, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults: An Immunometabolism Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:342-349. [PMID: 29957122 DOI: 10.1089/met.2018.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is characterized by a low-intensity chronic inflammatory process in which immune system cells interact in a complex network, which affects systemic metabolic processes. This raises interest in analyzing possible changes in the proportions of immune system cells in individuals with obesity with and without metabolic syndrome (MS), in relation to their body composition. METHODS Circulating cells were analyzed with flow cytometry in young adults: monocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes (T, B, and natural killer [NK]), TCD4+CD62-, TCD8+CD28-, and naive and memory cells of TCD3+ and TCD4+. Body composition was obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and metabolic parameters. RESULTS A total of 169 persons were evaluated: 20% presented normal body mass index (BMI); 49% was overweight, and 31% had obesity; 28% had MS. It was observed that with an increase in BMI and visceral adipose tissue increase (VATI), body composition and biochemical variables were negatively altered. With regard to cell subpopulations, total lymphocytes increased and granulocytes and NK lymphocytes decreased in patients with MS and VATI. Memory cells increased with BMI and VATI. In individuals with MS, monocytes, and NK lymphocytes comprised a negative association with VAT, fat mass, and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). In individuals with MS and VATI, a negative correlation was observed between monocytes and SMM. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes were detected in the subpopulations of lymphocytes, suggesting that weight gain, SMM, and VAT accumulation gave rise to immunological changes at the peripheral level, and the presence of increased memory cells could be related to low-intensity chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Paulina Rodríguez
- 1 División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , Ciudad de México, México.,2 Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Cristina González
- 1 División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- 3 Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Oralia Nájera-Medina
- 4 División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco , Ciudad de México, México
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64
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Microenvironment of Immune Cells Within the Visceral Adipose Tissue Sensu Lato vs. Epicardial Adipose Tissue: What Do We Know? Inflammation 2018; 41:1142-1156. [PMID: 29846855 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The chronic low-grade inflammation of the visceral adipose tissue is now fully established as one of the main contributors to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, subsequently leading to metabolic syndrome and other associated cardiometabolic pathologies. The orchestration of immune response and the "ratio of responsibility" of different immune cell populations have been studied extensively over the last few years within the visceral adipose tissue in general sense (sensu lato). However, it is essential to clearly distinguish different types of visceral fat distribution. Visceral adipose tissue is not only the classical omental or epididymal depot, but includes also specific type of fat in the close vicinity to the myocardium-the epicardial adipose tissue. Disruption of this type of fat during obesity was found to have a unique and direct influence over the cardiovascular disease development. Therefore, epicardial adipose tissue and other types of visceral adipose tissue depots should be studied separately. The purpose of this review is to explore the present knowledge about the morphology and dynamics of individual populations of immune cells within the visceral adipose tissue sensu lato in comparison to the knowledge regarding the epicardial adipose tissue specifically.
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65
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Kawada T. Regulatory T cells, natural killer cells, and obesity in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 79:e12831. [PMID: 29453819 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kawada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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66
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Trim W, Turner JE, Thompson D. Parallels in Immunometabolic Adipose Tissue Dysfunction with Ageing and Obesity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:169. [PMID: 29479350 PMCID: PMC5811473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing, like obesity, is often associated with alterations in metabolic and inflammatory processes resulting in morbidity from diseases characterised by poor metabolic control, insulin insensitivity, and inflammation. Ageing populations also exhibit a decline in immune competence referred to as immunosenescence, which contributes to, or might be driven by chronic, low-grade inflammation termed "inflammageing". In recent years, animal and human studies have started to uncover a role for immune cells within the stromal fraction of adipose tissue in driving the health complications that come with obesity, but relatively little work has been conducted in the context of immunometabolic adipose function in ageing. It is now clear that aberrant immune function within adipose tissue in obesity-including an accumulation of pro-inflammatory immune cell populations-plays a major role in the development of systemic chronic, low-grade inflammation, and limiting the function of adipocytes leading to an impaired fat handling capacity. As a consequence, these changes increase the chance of multiorgan dysfunction and disease onset. Considering the important role of the immune system in obesity-associated metabolic and inflammatory diseases, it is critically important to further understand the interplay between immunological processes and adipose tissue function, establishing whether this interaction contributes to age-associated immunometabolic dysfunction and inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this article is to summarise how the interaction between adipose tissue and the immune system changes with ageing, likely contributing to the age-associated increase in inflammatory activity and loss of metabolic control. To understand the potential mechanisms involved, parallels will be drawn to the current knowledge derived from investigations in obesity. We also highlight gaps in research and propose potential future directions based on the current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Trim
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James E Turner
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan Thompson
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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67
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de Jong AJ, Pollastro S, Kwekkeboom JC, Andersen SN, Dorjée AL, Bakker AM, Alzaid F, Soprani A, Nelissen RGHH, Mullers JB, Venteclef N, de Vries N, Kloppenburg M, Toes REM, Ioan-Facsinay A. Functional and phenotypical analysis of IL-6-secreting CD4 + T cells in human adipose tissue. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:471-481. [PMID: 29283192 PMCID: PMC5873429 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that a dynamic interplay between the immune system and adipocytes contributes to the disturbed homeostasis in adipose tissue of obese subjects. Recently, we observed IL‐6‐secretion by CD4+ T cells from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) of knee osteoarthritis patients directly ex vivo. Here we show that human IL‐6+CD4+ T cells from SVF display a more activated phenotype than the IL‐6− T cells, as evidenced by the expression of the activation marker CD69. Analysis of cytokines secretion, as well as expression of chemokine receptors and transcription factors associated with different Th subsets (Treg, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Tfh) revealed that IL‐6‐secreting CD4+ T cells cannot be assigned to a conventional Th subset. TCRβ gene analysis revealed that IL‐6+ and IL‐6−CD4+ T cells appear clonally unrelated to each other, suggesting a different specificity of these cells. In line with these observations, adipocytes are capable of enhancing IL‐6 production by CD4+ T cells. Thus, IL‐6+CD4+ T cells are TCRαβ T cells expressing an activated phenotype potentially resulting from an interplay with adipocytes that could be involved in the inflammatory processes in the OA joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja J de Jong
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Pollastro
- Department of Experimental immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, ARC
- Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanneke C Kwekkeboom
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan N Andersen
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie L Dorjée
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aleida M Bakker
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Soprani
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Clinique Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Ramsey General de Santé, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Rob G H H Nelissen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan B Mullers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alrijne Hospital, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1138, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Niek de Vries
- Department of Experimental immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, ARC
- Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreea Ioan-Facsinay
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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68
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Kim EJ, Kim YK, Kim S, Kim JE, Tian YD, Doh EJ, Lee DH, Chung JH. Adipochemokines induced by ultraviolet irradiation contribute to impaired fat metabolism in subcutaneous fat cells. Br J Dermatol 2017; 178:492-501. [PMID: 28845522 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue is now appreciated as the pivotal regulator of metabolic and endocrine functions. Subcutaneous (SC) fat, in contrast to visceral fat, may protect against metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation. We demonstrated that chronic as well as acute ultraviolet (UV) irradiation to the skin induces loss of underlying SC fat. UV-irradiated SC fat may produce chemokines or cytokines that modulate lipid homeostasis and secretion of adipokines. OBJECTIVES To elucidate UV-induced specific adipochemokines implicated in UV-induced modulation of SC fat. METHODS Primary cultured adipocytes were treated with conditioned medium from UV- or sham-irradiated skin cells. Young and older healthy participants provided SC fat from sun-exposed and sun-protected skin. Sun-protected skin from other participants was irradiated with UV. Differentially expressed adipochemokines were screened by cytokine array, and confirmed in vitro and in vivo. The functions of select adipochemokines involved in lipid metabolism were examined via short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of cognate receptors. RESULTS Specific adipochemokines, including C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL) family members such as CXCL5/ENA-78, and C-C motif chemokine (CCL) family members such as CCL20/MIP-3α and CCL5/RANTES, were greatly induced in SC fat by UV exposure. They could impair triglyceride synthesis via downregulation of lipogenic enzymes and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 through their respective cognate receptors, CXC chemokine receptor type (CXC-R)2, C-C chemokine receptor type (CCR)-6, and CCR-5. In addition, UV irradiation induced infiltration of adipose tissue macrophages responsible for the secretion of several chemokines into SC fat. CONCLUSIONS These UV-induced adipochemokines may be implicated in the reduction of lipogenesis in SC fat, leading to impairment of fat homeostasis and associated comorbidities such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y K Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J E Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y D Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E J Doh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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69
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Integrated Immunomodulatory Mechanisms through which Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Attenuate Obese Adipose Tissue Dysfunction. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121289. [PMID: 29186929 PMCID: PMC5748740 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health concern with rising prevalence that increases the risk of developing other chronic diseases. A causal link connecting overnutrition, the development of obesity and obesity-associated co-morbidities is visceral adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, characterized by changes in the cellularity of various immune cell populations, altered production of inflammatory adipokines that sustain a chronic state of low-grade inflammation and, ultimately, dysregulated AT metabolic function. Therefore, dietary intervention strategies aimed to halt the progression of obese AT dysfunction through any of the aforementioned processes represent an important active area of research. In this connection, fish oil-derived dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the form of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been demonstrated to attenuate obese AT dysfunction through multiple mechanisms, ultimately affecting AT immune cellularity and function, adipokine production, and metabolic signaling pathways, all of which will be discussed herein.
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70
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Molloy CT, Adkins LJ, Griffin C, Singer K, Weinberg JB. Mouse adenovirus type 1 infection of adipose tissue. Virus Res 2017; 244:90-98. [PMID: 29141203 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) type 36 seropositivity has been linked to obesity in humans. That link is supported by a small number of studies using HAdV-36 infection of animals that are not natural hosts for HAdVs. In this study, we infected mice with mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1), a mouse pathogen, to determine whether MAV-1 infected adipose tissue and was associated with adipose tissue inflammation and obesity. We detected MAV-1 in adipose tissue during acute MAV-1 infection, but we did not detect virus-induced increases in adipose tissue cytokine expression or histological evidence of adipose tissue inflammation during acute infection. MAV-1 did not persist in adipose tissue at later times, and we did not detect long-term adipose inflammation, increased adipose tissue mass, or body weight in infected mice. Our data indicate that MAV-1 is not associated with obesity in infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn T Molloy
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Laura J Adkins
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Cameron Griffin
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jason B Weinberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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71
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Becker M, Levings MK, Daniel C. Adipose-tissue regulatory T cells: Critical players in adipose-immune crosstalk. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1867-1874. [PMID: 28849586 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and type-2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with metabolic defects and inflammatory processes in fat depots. FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) control immune tolerance, and have an important role in controlling tissue-specific inflammation. In this mini-review we will discuss current insights into how cross-talk between T cells and adipose tissue shapes the inflammatory environment in obesity-associated metabolic diseases, focusing on the role of CD4+ T cells and Tregs. We will also highlight potential opportunities for how the immunoregulatory properties of Tregs could be harnessed to control inflammation in obesity and T2D and emphasize the critical need for more research on humans to establish mechanisms that are conserved in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Becker
- Institute for Diabetes Research, Research Group Immune Tolerance in Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Surgery University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, B.C. Canada
| | - Carolin Daniel
- Institute for Diabetes Research, Research Group Immune Tolerance in Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Munich, Germany
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72
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Abstract
HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment exert diverse effects on adipocytes and stromal-vascular fraction cells, leading to changes in adipose tissue quantity, distribution, and energy storage. A HIV-associated lipodystrophic condition was recognized early in the epidemic, characterized by clinically apparent changes in subcutaneous, visceral, and dorsocervical adipose depots. Underlying these changes is altered adipose tissue morphology and expression of genes central to adipocyte maturation, regulation, metabolism, and cytokine signaling. HIV viral proteins persist in circulation and locally within adipose tissue despite suppression of plasma viremia on ART, and exposure to these proteins impairs preadipocyte maturation and reduces adipocyte expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and other genes involved in cell regulation. Several early nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and protease inhibitor antiretroviral drugs demonstrated substantial adipocyte toxicity, including reduced mitochondrial DNA content and respiratory chain enzymes, reduced PPAR-γ and other regulatory gene expression, and increased proinflammatory cytokine production. Newer-generation agents, such as integrase inhibitors, appear to have fewer adverse effects. HIV infection also alters the balance of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in adipose tissue, with effects on macrophage activation and local inflammation, while the presence of latently infected CD4+ T cells in adipose tissue may constitute a protected viral reservoir. This review provides a synthesis of the literature on how HIV virus, ART treatment, and host characteristics interact to affect adipose tissue distribution, immunology, and contribution to metabolic health, and adipocyte maturation, cellular regulation, and energy storage. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1339-1357, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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73
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are considered chronic inflammatory diseases. While early publications have reported the implication of innate immune cells such as macrophages to promote systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunctions, recent publications underline the alterations of the T cell compartment in human obesity and type 2 diabetes. These recent findings are the focus of this review. RECENT FINDINGS In humans, obesity and T2D induce the expansion of proinflammatory T cells such as CD4 Th1, Th17, and CD8 populations, whereas innate T cells such as MAIT and iNKT cells are decreased. These alterations reflect a loss of total T cell homeostasis that may contribute to tissue and systemic inflammation. Whether these changes are adaptive to nutritional variations and/or contribute to the progression of metabolic diseases remains to be clarified. T cell phenotyping may improve obese and/or T2D patient stratification with therapeutic and prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sothea Touch
- INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Team 6 Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, 75005, Paris, France
- ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Team 6 Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, 75005, Paris, France
- ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, 75013, Paris, France
- Nutrition, Endocrinology and Cardiology Departments, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien André
- INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Team 6 Nutriomics, 75013, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMR_S 1166, 75005, Paris, France.
- ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, 75013, Paris, France.
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74
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Zoller V, Funcke JB, Roos J, Dahlhaus M, Abd El Hay M, Holzmann K, Marienfeld R, Kietzmann T, Debatin KM, Wabitsch M, Fischer-Posovszky P. Trail (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) induces an inflammatory response in human adipocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5691. [PMID: 28720906 PMCID: PMC5515939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05932-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
High serum concentrations of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a member of the tumor necrosis factor protein family, are found in patients with increased BMI and serum lipid levels. In a model of murine obesity, both the expression of TRAIL and its receptor (TRAIL-R) is elevated in adipose tissue. Accordingly, TRAIL has been proposed as an important mediator of adipose tissue inflammation and obesity-associated diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate if TRAIL regulates inflammatory processes at the level of the adipocyte. Using human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) cells as a model system, we found that TRAIL induces an inflammatory response in both preadipocytes and adipocytes. It stimulates the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) as well as the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL-20) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. By using small molecule inhibitors, we found that both the NFκB and the ERK1/2 pathway are crucial for mediating the effect of TRAIL. Taken together, we identified a novel pro-inflammatory function of TRAIL in human adipocytes. Our findings suggest that targeting the TRAIL/TRAIL-R system might be a useful strategy to tackle obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Zoller
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julian Roos
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Meike Dahlhaus
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Muad Abd El Hay
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Marienfeld
- Institute of Pathology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Morin SO, Poggi M, Alessi MC, Landrier JF, Nunès JA. Modulation of T Cell Activation in Obesity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:489-500. [PMID: 27225042 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Immune T cells are present in adipose tissues (AT), and the stoichiometry of the different T cell subsets is altered during diet-induced obesity (DIO). T cells contribute to the early steps of AT inflammation during DIO. Recent Advances: Many factors could potentially be responsible for this altered pro-inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory T cell balance. CRITICAL ISSUES T cells are potentially activated in AT, which vitamin D might contribute to, as will be discussed in this article. In addition, we will review the different possible contributors to T cell activation in AT, such as the CD28 and CD154 T cell costimulatory molecules in AT. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The potential antigen presentation capacities of adipocytes should be further investigated. Moreover, the properties of these AT resident (or migrating to AT) T cells must be further assessed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 489-500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie O Morin
- 1 Inserm, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille , Marseille, France .,2 Institut Paoli-Calmettes , Marseille, France .,3 CNRS, UMR7258, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille , Marseille, France .,4 Aix-Marseille Université , UM105, Marseille, France
| | - Marjorie Poggi
- 5 Inserm U1062 , Marseille, France .,6 Inra , UMR1260, Marseille, France .,7 Aix-Marseille Université , Nutrition Obésité Risques Thrombotiques, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Alessi
- 5 Inserm U1062 , Marseille, France .,6 Inra , UMR1260, Marseille, France .,7 Aix-Marseille Université , Nutrition Obésité Risques Thrombotiques, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Landrier
- 5 Inserm U1062 , Marseille, France .,6 Inra , UMR1260, Marseille, France .,7 Aix-Marseille Université , Nutrition Obésité Risques Thrombotiques, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques A Nunès
- 1 Inserm, U1068, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille , Marseille, France .,2 Institut Paoli-Calmettes , Marseille, France .,3 CNRS, UMR7258, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille , Marseille, France .,4 Aix-Marseille Université , UM105, Marseille, France
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76
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van den Berg SM, van Dam AD, Rensen PCN, de Winther MPJ, Lutgens E. Immune Modulation of Brown(ing) Adipose Tissue in Obesity. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:46-68. [PMID: 27849358 DOI: 10.1210/er.2016-1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a variety of medical conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and is therefore responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. Increasing energy expenditure by brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a current novel strategy to reduce the excessive energy stores in obesity. Brown adipocytes burn energy to generate heat and are mainly activated upon cold exposure. As prolonged cold exposure is not a realistic therapy, researchers worldwide are searching for novel ways to activate BAT and/or induce beiging of white adipose tissue. Recently, the contribution of immune cells in the regulation of brown adipocyte activity and beiging of white adipose tissue has gained increased attention, with a prominent role for eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages. This review discusses the rediscovery of BAT, presents an overview of modes of activation and differentiation of beige and brown adipocytes, and describes the recently discovered immunological pathways that are key in mediating brown/beige adipocyte development and function. Interventions in immunological pathways harbor the potential to provide novel strategies to increase beige and brown adipose tissue activity as a therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M van den Berg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ The Netherlands
| | - Andrea D van Dam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and.,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Subdivision of Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
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77
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All-trans-retinoic acid represses chemokine expression in adipocytes and adipose tissue by inhibiting NF-κB signaling. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 42:101-107. [PMID: 28157617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An effect of the Vitamin A metabolite all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on body weight regulation and adiposity has been described, but little is known about its impact on obesity-associated inflammation. Our objective was to evaluate the overall impact of this metabolite on inflammatory response in human and mouse adipocytes, using high-throughput methods, and to confirm its effects in a mouse model. ATRA (2 μM for 24 h) down-regulated the mRNA expression of 17 chemokines in human adipocytes, and limited macrophage migration in a TNFα-conditioned 3 T3-L1 adipocyte medium (73.7%, P<.05). These effects were confirmed in mice (n=6-9 per group) subjected to oral gavage of ATRA (5 mg/kg of body weight) and subsequently injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide. In this model, both systemic and adipose levels of inflammatory markers were reduced. The antiinflammatory effect of ATRA was associated with a reduction in the phosphorylation levels of IκB and p65 (~50%, P<.05), two subunits of the NF-κB pathway, probably mediated by PGC1α, in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. Taken together, these results show a significant overall antiinflammatory effect of ATRA on proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production in adipocyte and adipose tissue and suggest that ATRA supplementation may represent a strategy of preventive nutrition to fight against obesity and its complications.
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Gong F, Wu J, Zhou P, Zhang M, Liu J, Liu Y, Lu X, Liu Z. Interleukin-22 Might Act as a Double-Edged Sword in Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:8254797. [PMID: 27829708 PMCID: PMC5088317 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8254797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are both characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation. The role of Th17 and its related cytokines in T2DM and CAD is unclear. Here we investigated the serum levels of five Th17-related cytokines (IL-17, IL-22, MIP-3α, IL-9, and IL-27) in T2DM, CAD, and T2DM-CAD comorbidity patients. IL-22 was found to be elevated in all three conditions. Elevated serum IL-22 was independently associated with the incidence of T2DM and CAD. Conversely, IL-22 was found to protect endothelial cells from glucose- and lysophosphatidylcholine- (LPC-) induced injury, and IL-22R1 expression on endothelial cells was increased upon treatment with high glucose and LPC. Blocking of IL-22R1 with IL-22R1 antibody diminished the protective role of IL-22. Our results suggest that IL-22 functions as a double-edged sword in T2DM and CAD and that IL-22 may be used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as T2DM and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchen Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jingning Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zhengxia Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Shinjo T, Iwashita M, Yamashita A, Sano T, Tsuruta M, Matsunaga H, Sanui T, Asano T, Nishimura F. IL-17A synergistically enhances TNFα-induced IL-6 and CCL20 production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 477:241-6. [PMID: 27311858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is known to induce inflammatory responses and to be involved in the pathogenesis of not only autoimmune diseases, but also several metabolic and infectious diseases. In this study, IL-17A is shown to induce IL-6 expression in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. Interestingly, we found that IL-17A synergistically amplified TNFα-induced secretion of IL-6 and upregulation of IL-17RA expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Its synergistic effects on IL-6 production were inhibited by pre-treatment with inhibitors of IκBα and JNK. Furthermore, IL-17A cooperatively enhanced LPS-mediated IL-6 production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes co-cultured with RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, IL-17A also enhanced CCL20 production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes stimulated with TNFα or co-cultured with LPS-stimulated RAW macrophages. In high-fat diet-fed mouse epididymal adipose tissues, IL-17RA and RORγt mRNA levels were significantly increased and the serum level of CCL20 was also upregulated. Taken together, these data show that, in adipose tissues, IL-17A contributes to exacerbating insulin resistance-enhancing IL-6 production and promotes the infiltration of Th17 cells in cooperation with TNFα; these findings represent a novel hypothesis for the association between IL-17A-producing cells and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shinjo
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, 812-0054, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Misaki Iwashita
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, 812-0054, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamashita
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, 812-0054, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sano
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, 812-0054, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsudai Tsuruta
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, 812-0054, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Matsunaga
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, 812-0054, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Terukazu Sanui
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, 812-0054, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, 734-8553, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, 812-0054, Fukuoka, Japan.
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DeClercq VC, Goldsby JS, McMurray DN, Chapkin RS. Distinct Adipose Depots from Mice Differentially Respond to a High-Fat, High-Salt Diet. J Nutr 2016; 146:1189-96. [PMID: 27146921 PMCID: PMC4877629 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.227496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary factors such as high-sodium or high-fat (HF) diets have been shown to induce a proinflammatory phenotype. However, there is limited information with respect to how microenvironments of distinct intra-abdominal adipose depots respond to the combination of a high-salt, HF diet. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that HF feeding would cause changes in distinct adipose depots, which would be further amplified by the addition of high salt to the diet. METHODS Twenty-seven male C57BL6 mice were fed an HF diet (60% of kcal from fat), an HF + high-salt diet (4% wt:wt), a control diet [low-fat (LF);10% of kcal from fat], or an LF + high-salt diet for 12 wk. The main sources of fat in the diets were corn oil and lard. Adipokines in serum and released from adipose tissue organ cultures were measured by immunoassays. QIAGEN's Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to perform functional analysis of the RNA-sequencing data from distinct adipose depots. RESULTS Diet-induced obesity resulted in a classical inflammatory phenotype characterized by increased concentrations of circulating inflammatory mediators (38-56%) and reduced adiponectin concentrations (27%). However, high-salt feeding did not exacerbate the HF diet-induced changes in adipokines and cytokines. Leptin and interleukin-6 were differentially released from adipose depots and HF feeding impaired adiponectin and resistin secretion across all 3 depots (34-48% and 45-83%, respectively). The addition of high salt to the HF diet did not further modulate secretion in cultured adipose tissue experiments. Although gene expression data from RNA sequencing indicated a >4.3-fold upregulation of integrin αX (Itgax) with HF feeding in all 3 depots, markers of cellular function were differentially expressed in response to diet across depots. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings highlight the role of distinct adipose depots in mice in the development of obesity and emphasize the importance of selecting specific depots to study the effects of therapeutic interventions on adipose tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David N McMurray
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases,,Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, and Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; and Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX
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81
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Couturier J, Agarwal N, Nehete PN, Baze WB, Barry MA, Jagannadha Sastry K, Balasubramanyam A, Lewis DE. Infectious SIV resides in adipose tissue and induces metabolic defects in chronically infected rhesus macaques. Retrovirology 2016; 13:30. [PMID: 27117277 PMCID: PMC4847269 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV reservoirs pose major challenges to viral eradication. The main cellular reservoirs include CD4 T cells and macrophages, whereas anatomic reservoirs are thought to be primarily lymphoid tissues. Adipose tissue represents a potentially important non-lymphoid location for HIV replication and persistence because the stromal-vascular-fraction (AT-SVF) contains activated innate and adaptive immune cells that increase in number during infections, obesity, and chronic inflammation. Results Adipose tissue from two groups of SHIV-SF162p3-infected (~4 weeks acute infection) or SIVmac251-infected (~38 weeks chronic infection) rhesus macaques (N = 8 for each group) were studied for immune cell content, viral infectiousness, and metabolic health. The AT-SVF cells from SHIV-infected monkeys contained abundant memory CD4 and CD8 T cells, with fewer NKT cells and macrophages, and no B cells. Proviral DNA (Gag and Env) was readily detectable by nested PCR in AT-SVF cells from multiple adipose depots (subcutaneous and visceral) of acutely infected monkeys, but mostly from visceral fat. More importantly, viral outgrowth assays using input CD4 T cells derived from AT-SVF cells or peripheral blood of chronically infected monkeys resulted in robust replication of infectious virus from both AT-SVF and peripheral blood CD4 T cells. Chronically infected monkeys also experienced adipocyte dysfunction (suppression of major adipogenic genes) and systemic dyslipidemia (decreased serum total cholesterol and free fatty acids, and increased triglycerides), similar to metabolic abnormalities of HIV patients. Conclusions Adipose tissues of SIV-infected rhesus macaques become major compartments for infected immune cells, which in turn induce defects in adipose tissue metabolism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-016-0260-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Couturier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neeti Agarwal
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pramod N Nehete
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Wallace B Baze
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Barry
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K Jagannadha Sastry
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA.,Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Endocrine Service, Ben Taub General Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dorothy E Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Abstract
Low-grade inflammation in the obese AT (AT) and the liver is a critical player in the development of obesity-related metabolic dysregulation, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Myeloid as well as lymphoid cells infiltrate the AT and the liver and expand within these metabolic organs as a result of excessive nutrient intake, thereby exacerbating tissue inflammation. Macrophages are the paramount cell population in the field of metabolism-related inflammation; as obesity progresses, a switch takes place within the AT environment from an M2-alternatively activated macrophage state to an M1-inflammatory macrophage-dominated milieu. M1-polarized macrophages secrete inflammatory cytokines like TNF in the obese AT; such cytokines contribute to insulin resistance in adipocytes. Besides macrophages, also CD8+ T cells promote inflammation in the AT and the liver and thereby the deterioration of the metabolic balance in adipocytes and hepatocytes. Other cells of the innate immunity, such as neutrophils or mast cells, interfere with metabolic homeostasis as well. On the other hand, eosinophils or T-regulatory cells, the number of which in the AT decreases in the course of obesity, function to maintain metabolic balance by ameliorating inflammatory processes. In addition, eosinophils and M2-polarized macrophages may contribute to "beige" adipogenesis under lean conditions; beige adipocytes are located predominantly in the subcutaneous AT and have thermogenic and optimal energy-dispensing properties like brown adipocytes. This chapter will summarize the different aspects of the regulation of homeostasis of metabolic tissues by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Research, Dresden, Germany
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Santangelo KS, Radakovich LB, Fouts J, Foster MT. Pathophysiology of obesity on knee joint homeostasis: contributions of the infrapatellar fat pad. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2016; 26:97-108. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2015-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating condition characterized by inflammation, breakdown, and consequent loss of cartilage of the joints. Epidemiological studies indicate obesity is an important risk factor involved in OA initiation and progression. Traditional views propose OA to be a biomechanical consequence of excess weight on weight-bearing joints; however, emerging data demonstrates that systemic and local factors released from white adipose depots play a role. Hence, current views characterize OA as a condition exacerbated by a metabolic link related to adipose tissue, and not solely related to redistributed/altered weight load. Factors demonstrated to influence cartilage and bone homeostasis include adipocyte-derived hormones (“adipokines”) and adipose depot released cytokines. Epidemiological studies demonstrate a positive relation between systemic circulating cytokines, leptin, and resistin with OA types, while the association with adiponectin is controversial. Local factors in joints have also been shown to play a role in OA. In particular, this includes the knee, a weight-bearing joint that encloses a relatively large adipose depot, the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), which serves as a source of local inflammatory factors. This review summarizes the relation of obesity and OA as it specifically relates to the IFP and other integral supporting structures. Overall, studies support the concept that metabolic effects associated with systemic obesity also extend to the IFP, which promotes inflammation, pain, and cartilage destruction within the local knee joint environment, thus contributing to development and progression of OA.
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85
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Bronsart LL, Contag CH. A role of the adaptive immune system in glucose homeostasis. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2016; 4:e000136. [PMID: 27026807 PMCID: PMC4800071 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The immune system, including the adaptive immune response, has recently been recognized as having a significant role in diet-induced insulin resistance. In this study, we aimed to determine if the adaptive immune system also functions in maintaining physiological glucose homeostasis in the absence of diet-induced disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS SCID mice and immunocompetent control animals were phenotypically assessed for variations in metabolic parameters and cytokine profiles. Additionally, the glucose tolerance of SCID and immunocompetent control animals was assessed following introduction of a high-fat diet. RESULTS SCID mice on a normal chow diet were significantly insulin resistant relative to control animals despite having less fat mass. This was associated with a significant increase in the innate immunity-stimulating cytokines granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), and MCP3. Additionally, the SCID mouse phenotype was exacerbated in response to a high-fat diet as evidenced by the further significant progression of glucose intolerance. CONCLUSIONS These results support the notion that the adaptive immune system plays a fundamental biological role in glucose homeostasis, and that the absence of functional B and T cells results in disruption in the concentrations of various cytokines associated with macrophage proliferation and recruitment. Additionally, the absence of functional B and T cells is not protective against diet-induced pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Bronsart
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Christopher H Contag
- Departments of Pediatrics, Radiology, Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Pinzón OA, Sánchez JC, Sepúlveda-Arias JC, López-Zapata DF. Assessment of human lymphocyte proliferation associated with metabolic syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:1277-82. [PMID: 25981082 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of various metabolic conditions, has become epidemic and causes increased morbidity and mortality. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare lymphocyte proliferation under two different stimuli, Concanavalin A (ConA) and insulin, in a group of patients with MetS (Group 1) and a healthy group (Group 2). METHODS Group 1 consisted of 53 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for MetS. Group 2 consisted of 63 patients without MetS. All individuals were evaluated for lipid profile and glycemia. Lymphocyte extraction and culture were performed for each subject and lymphocyte proliferation was assessed using the Alamar blue technique. RESULTS There was no gender difference between both groups, but in terms of age, there was a significant difference. The use of Con A at concentrations of 1 and 5 µg/mL induced a high lymphocyte proliferation in both groups. In contrast, when different concentrations of insulin were added, no significant changes in lymphocyte proliferation were observed. However, the proliferation of lymphocytes was significantly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 under insulin stimulus, which did not happen under ConA stimulation. Even after age and gender correction, this difference was maintained. CONCLUSIONS The increased lymphocyte proliferative response to insulin in patients with MetS found in this study suggests a role of the lymphocyte response to insulin in the pathophysiology of MetS. This response may be used as an immuno-biological marker for MetS, although further studies to evaluate its clinical usefulness need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Pinzón
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, A.A. 97, La Julita, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.
| | - J C Sánchez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, A.A. 97, La Julita, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - J C Sepúlveda-Arias
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, A.A. 97, La Julita, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - D F López-Zapata
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, A.A. 97, La Julita, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
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DiSpirito JR, Mathis D. Immunological contributions to adipose tissue homeostasis. Semin Immunol 2015; 27:315-21. [PMID: 26616665 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is composed of many functionally and developmentally distinct cell types, the metabolic core of which is the adipocyte. The classification of "adipocyte" encompasses three primary types - white, brown, and beige - with distinct origins, anatomic distributions, and homeostatic functions. The ability of adipocytes to store and release lipids, respond to insulin, and perform their endocrine functions (via secretion of adipokines) is heavily influenced by the immune system. Various cell populations of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system can resist or exacerbate the development of the chronic, low-grade inflammation associated with obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Here, we discuss these interactions, with a focus on their consequences for adipocyte and adipose tissue function in the setting of chronic overnutrition. In addition, we will review the effects of diet composition on adipose tissue inflammation and recent evidence suggesting that diet-driven disruption of the gut microbiota can trigger pathologic inflammation of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna R DiSpirito
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Diane Mathis
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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88
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Olson NC, Doyle MF, de Boer IH, Huber SA, Jenny NS, Kronmal RA, Psaty BM, Tracy RP. Associations of Circulating Lymphocyte Subpopulations with Type 2 Diabetes: Cross-Sectional Results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139962. [PMID: 26458065 PMCID: PMC4601795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distinct lymphocyte subpopulations have been implicated in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and obesity-associated inflammation in mouse models of insulin resistance. Information on the relationships of lymphocyte subpopulations with type 2 diabetes remain limited in human population-based cohort studies. METHODS Circulating levels of innate (γδ T, natural killer (NK)) and adaptive immune (CD4+ naive, CD4+ memory, Th1, and Th2) lymphocyte subpopulations were measured by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of 929 free-living participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Cross-sectional relationships of lymphocyte subpopulations with type 2 diabetes (n = 154) and fasting glucose and insulin concentrations were evaluated by generalized linear models. RESULTS Each standard deviation (SD) higher CD4+ memory cells was associated with a 21% higher odds of type 2 diabetes (95% CI: 1-47%) and each SD higher naive cells was associated with a 22% lower odds (95% CI: 4-36%) (adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and BMI). Among participants not using diabetes medication, higher memory and lower naive CD4+ cells were associated with higher fasting glucose concentrations (p<0.05, adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity). There were no associations of γδ T, NK, Th1, or Th2 cells with type 2 diabetes, glucose, or insulin. CONCLUSIONS A higher degree of chronic adaptive immune activation, reflected by higher memory and lower naive CD4+ cells, was positively associated with type 2 diabetes. These results are consistent with a role of chronic immune activation and exhaustion augmenting chronic inflammatory diseases, and support the importance of prospective studies evaluating adaptive immune activation and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nels C. Olson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Margaret F. Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Ian H. de Boer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sally A. Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Nancy Swords Jenny
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Kronmal
- Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, Health Services, and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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89
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Damouche A, Lazure T, Avettand-Fènoël V, Huot N, Dejucq-Rainsford N, Satie AP, Mélard A, David L, Gommet C, Ghosn J, Noel N, Pourcher G, Martinez V, Benoist S, Béréziat V, Cosma A, Favier B, Vaslin B, Rouzioux C, Capeau J, Müller-Trutwin M, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Le Grand R, Lambotte O, Bourgeois C. Adipose Tissue Is a Neglected Viral Reservoir and an Inflammatory Site during Chronic HIV and SIV Infection. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005153. [PMID: 26402858 PMCID: PMC4581628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two of the crucial aspects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are (i) viral persistence in reservoirs (precluding viral eradication) and (ii) chronic inflammation (directly associated with all-cause morbidities in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-controlled HIV-infected patients). The objective of the present study was to assess the potential involvement of adipose tissue in these two aspects. Adipose tissue is composed of adipocytes and the stromal vascular fraction (SVF); the latter comprises immune cells such as CD4+ T cells and macrophages (both of which are important target cells for HIV). The inflammatory potential of adipose tissue has been extensively described in the context of obesity. During HIV infection, the inflammatory profile of adipose tissue has been revealed by the occurrence of lipodystrophies (primarily related to ART). Data on the impact of HIV on the SVF (especially in individuals not receiving ART) are scarce. We first analyzed the impact of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection on abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues in SIVmac251 infected macaques and found that both adipocytes and adipose tissue immune cells were affected. The adipocyte density was elevated, and adipose tissue immune cells presented enhanced immune activation and/or inflammatory profiles. We detected cell-associated SIV DNA and RNA in the SVF and in sorted CD4+ T cells and macrophages from adipose tissue. We demonstrated that SVF cells (including CD4+ T cells) are infected in ART-controlled HIV-infected patients. Importantly, the production of HIV RNA was detected by in situ hybridization, and after the in vitro reactivation of sorted CD4+ T cells from adipose tissue. We thus identified adipose tissue as a crucial cofactor in both viral persistence and chronic immune activation/inflammation during HIV infection. These observations open up new therapeutic strategies for limiting the size of the viral reservoir and decreasing low-grade chronic inflammation via the modulation of adipose tissue-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderaouf Damouche
- Université Paris Sud, UMR 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Thierry Lazure
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’anatomo-pathologie, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Véronique Avettand-Fènoël
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, EA 7327, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Huot
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV, Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
| | | | - Anne-Pascale Satie
- INSERM, U1085-IRSET, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Adeline Mélard
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, EA 7327, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Ludivine David
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, EA 7327, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | | | - Jade Ghosn
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, EA 7327, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Noel
- Université Paris Sud, UMR 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie clinique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guillaume Pourcher
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Béclère, Service de Chirurgie Viscérale Minimale invasive, Clamart, France
- INSERM U972, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Valérie Martinez
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie clinique, Clamart, France
| | - Stéphane Benoist
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Chirurgie générale et digestive, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Véronique Béréziat
- INSERM UMR S938, CDR Saint-Antoine; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie; ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Cosma
- Université Paris Sud, UMR 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Benoit Favier
- Université Paris Sud, UMR 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Bruno Vaslin
- Université Paris Sud, UMR 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christine Rouzioux
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, EA 7327, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Laboratoire de Virologie, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- INSERM UMR S938, CDR Saint-Antoine; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie; ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | | | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Université Paris Sud, UMR 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris Sud, UMR 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Université Paris Sud, UMR 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie clinique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christine Bourgeois
- Université Paris Sud, UMR 1184, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- CEA, DSV/iMETI, IDMIT, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- INSERM, U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- * E-mail:
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90
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Poloni A, Maurizi G, Ciarlantini M, Medici M, Mattiucci D, Mancini S, Maurizi A, Falconi M, Olivieri A, Leoni P. Interaction between human mature adipocytes and lymphocytes induces T-cell proliferation. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1292-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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91
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Moya-Pérez A, Neef A, Sanz Y. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 Reduces Obesity-Associated Inflammation by Restoring the Lymphocyte-Macrophage Balance and Gut Microbiota Structure in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126976. [PMID: 26161548 PMCID: PMC4498624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The role of intestinal dysbiosis in obesity-associated systemic inflammation via the cross-talk with peripheral tissues is under debate. Our objective was to decipher the mechanisms by which intervention in the gut ecosystem with a specific Bifidobacterium strain reduces systemic inflammation and improves metabolic dysfunction in obese high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice. METHODS Adult male wild-type C57BL-6 mice were fed either a standard or HFD, supplemented with placebo or Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765, for 14 weeks. Lymphocytes, macrophages and cytokine/chemokine concentrations were quantified in blood, gut, liver and adipose tissue using bead-based multiplex assays. Biochemical parameters in serum were determined by ELISA and enzymatic assays. Histology was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and quantitative PCR. RESULTS B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 reduced obesity-associated systemic inflammation by restoring the balance between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and B lymphocytes and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines of adaptive (IL-17A) and innate (TNF-α) immunity and endotoxemia. In the gut, the bifidobacterial administration partially restored the HFD-induced alterations in microbiota, reducing abundances of Firmicutes and of LPS-producing Proteobacteria, paralleled to reductions in B cells, macrophages, and cytokines (IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-17A), which could contribute to systemic effects. In adipose tissue, bifidobacterial administration reduced B cells whereas in liver the treatment increased Tregs and shifted different cytokines (MCP-1 plus ILP-10 in adipose tissue and INF-γ plus IL-1β in liver). In both tissues, the bifidobacteria reduced pro-inflammatory macrophages and, TNF-α and IL-17A concentrations. These effects were accompanied by reductions in body weight gain and in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose and insulin levels and improved oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese mice. CONCLUSIONS Here, we provide evidence of the immune cellular mechanisms by which the inflammatory cascade associated with diet-induced obesity is attenuated by the administration of a specific Bifidobacterium strain and that these effects are associated with modulation of gut microbiota structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Moya-Pérez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Alexander Neef
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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92
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Monteiro-Sepulveda M, Touch S, Mendes-Sá C, André S, Poitou C, Allatif O, Cotillard A, Fohrer-Ting H, Hubert EL, Remark R, Genser L, Tordjman J, Garbin K, Osinski C, Sautès-Fridman C, Leturque A, Clément K, Brot-Laroche E. Jejunal T Cell Inflammation in Human Obesity Correlates with Decreased Enterocyte Insulin Signaling. Cell Metab 2015; 22:113-24. [PMID: 26094890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In obesity, insulin resistance is linked to inflammation in several tissues. Although the gut is a very large lymphoid tissue, inflammation in the absorptive small intestine, the jejunum, where insulin regulates lipid and sugar absorption is unknown. We analyzed jejunal samples of 185 obese subjects stratified in three metabolic groups: without comorbidity, suffering from obesity-related comorbidity, and diabetic, versus 33 lean controls. Obesity increased both mucosa surface due to lower cell apoptosis and innate and adaptive immune cell populations. The preferential CD8αβ T cell location in epithelium over lamina propria appears a hallmark of obesity. Cytokine secretion by T cells from obese, but not lean, subjects blunted insulin signaling in enterocytes relevant to apical GLUT2 mislocation. Statistical links between T cell densities and BMI, NAFLD, or lipid metabolism suggest tissue crosstalk. Obesity triggers T-cell-mediated inflammation and enterocyte insulin resistance in the jejunum with potential broader systemic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Monteiro-Sepulveda
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1138 and UMRS 1166, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75005 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Sothea Touch
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1138 and UMRS 1166, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166, Nutriomics team 6, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Carla Mendes-Sá
- INSERM, UMRS 1166, Nutriomics team 6, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien André
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1138 and UMRS 1166, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166, Nutriomics team 6, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1138 and UMRS 1166, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166, Nutriomics team 6, F-75013 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology Department and Hepato-biliary and Digestive Surgery Department, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Omran Allatif
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1138 and UMRS 1166, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166, Nutriomics team 6, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Cotillard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1138 and UMRS 1166, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166, Nutriomics team 6, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Fohrer-Ting
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1138 and UMRS 1166, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Edwige-Ludiwyne Hubert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1138 and UMRS 1166, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75005 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Romain Remark
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75005 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Paris 5, UMRS 1138, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Genser
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1138 and UMRS 1166, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166, Nutriomics team 6, F-75013 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology Department and Hepato-biliary and Digestive Surgery Department, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Joan Tordjman
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1138 and UMRS 1166, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166, Nutriomics team 6, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Garbin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1138 and UMRS 1166, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Céline Osinski
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1138 and UMRS 1166, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75005 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Paris 5, UMRS 1138, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Armelle Leturque
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1138 and UMRS 1166, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75005 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1138 and UMRS 1166, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1166, Nutriomics team 6, F-75013 Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP, Pitié Salpêtrière hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology Department and Hepato-biliary and Digestive Surgery Department, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Edith Brot-Laroche
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1138 and UMRS 1166, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75005 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital F-75013, Paris, France.
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Abstract
The rising prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the increasing global pandemic of obesity. These conditions cluster with type II diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome to result in obesity-associated liver disease. The benefits of bariatric procedures on diabetes and the metabolic syndrome have been recognized for some time, and there is now mounting evidence to suggest that bariatric procedures improve liver histology and contribute to the beneficial resolution of NAFLD in obese patients. These beneficial effects derive from a number of weight-dependent and weight-independent mechanisms including surgical BRAVE actions (bile flow changes, restriction of stomach size, anatomical gastrointestinal rearrangement, vagal manipulation, enteric hormonal modulation) and subsequent effects such as reduced lipid intake, adipocytokine secretion, modulation of gut flora, improvements in insulin resistance and reduced inflammation. Here, we review the clinical investigations on bariatric procedures for NAFLD, in addition to the mounting mechanistic data supporting these findings. Elucidating the mechanisms by which bariatric procedures may resolve NAFLD can help enhance surgical approaches for metabolic hepatic dysfunction and also contribute toward developing the next generation of therapies aimed at reducing the burden of obesity-associated liver disease.
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Menale C, Piccolo MT, Cirillo G, Calogero RA, Papparella A, Mita L, Del Giudice EM, Diano N, Crispi S, Mita DG. Bisphenol A effects on gene expression in adipocytes from children: association with metabolic disorders. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 54:289-303. [PMID: 25878060 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a xenobiotic endocrine-disrupting chemical. In vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that BPA alters endocrine-metabolic pathways in adipose tissue, which increases the risk of metabolic disorders and obesity. BPA can affect adipose tissue and increase fat cell numbers or sizes by regulating the expression of the genes that are directly involved in metabolic homeostasis and obesity. Several studies performed in animal models have accounted for an obesogen role of BPA, but its effects on human adipocytes - especially in children - have been poorly investigated. The aim of this study is to understand the molecular mechanisms by which environmentally relevant doses of BPA can interfere with the canonical endocrine function that regulates metabolism in mature human adipocytes from prepubertal, non-obese children. BPA can act as an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the physiological context. To identify the molecular signatures associated with metabolism, transcriptional modifications of mature adipocytes from prepubertal children exposed to estrogen were evaluated by means of microarray analysis. The analysis of deregulated genes associated with metabolic disorders allowed us to identify a small group of genes that are expressed in an opposite manner from that of adipocytes treated with BPA. In particular, we found that BPA increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of FABP4 and CD36, two genes involved in lipid metabolism. In addition, BPA decreases the expression of PCSK1, a gene involved in insulin production. These results indicate that exposure to BPA may be an important risk factor for developing metabolic disorders that are involved in childhood metabolism dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Menale
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Piccolo
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Cirillo
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele A Calogero
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Papparella
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Mita
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Diano
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Crispi
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Damiano Gustavo Mita
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Transcriptional regulation of chemokine genes: a link to pancreatic islet inflammation? Biomolecules 2015; 5:1020-34. [PMID: 26018641 PMCID: PMC4496708 DOI: 10.3390/biom5021020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced expression of chemotactic cytokines (aka chemokines) within pancreatic islets likely contributes to islet inflammation by regulating the recruitment and activation of various leukocyte populations, including macrophages, neutrophils, and T-lymphocytes. Because of the powerful actions of these chemokines, precise transcriptional control is required. In this review, we highlight what is known about the signals and mechanisms that govern the transcription of genes encoding specific chemokine proteins in pancreatic islet β-cells, which include contributions from the NF-κB and STAT1 pathways. We further discuss increased chemokine expression in pancreatic islets during autoimmune-mediated and obesity-related development of diabetes.
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Tencerová M, Kračmerová J, Krauzová E, Mališová L, Kováčová Z, Wedellová Z, Šiklová M, Štich V, Rossmeislová L. Experimental hyperglycemia induces an increase of monocyte and T-lymphocyte content in adipose tissue of healthy obese women. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122872. [PMID: 25894202 PMCID: PMC4403863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives Hyperglycemia represents one of possible mediators for activation of immune system and may contribute to worsening of inflammatory state associated with obesity. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of a short-term hyperglycemia (HG) on the phenotype and relative content of immune cells in circulation and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) in obese women without metabolic complications. Subjects/Methods Three hour HG clamp with infusion of octreotide and control investigations with infusion of octreotide or saline were performed in three groups of obese women (Group1: HG, Group 2: Octreotide, Group 3: Saline, n=10 per group). Before and at the end of the interventions, samples of SAAT and blood were obtained. The relative content of immune cells in blood and SAAT was determined by flow cytometry. Gene expression analysis of immunity-related markers in SAAT was performed by quantitative real-time PCR. Results In blood, no changes in analysed immune cell population were observed in response to HG. In SAAT, HG induced an increase in the content of CD206 negative monocytes/macrophages (p<0.05) and T lymphocytes (both T helper and T cytotoxic lymphocytes, p<0.01). Further, HG promoted an increase of mRNA levels of immune response markers (CCL2, TLR4, TNFα) and lymphocyte markers (CD3g, CD4, CD8a, TBX21, GATA3, FoxP3) in SAAT (p<0.05 and 0.01). Under both control infusions, none of these changes were observed. Conclusions Acute HG significantly increased the content of monocytes and lymphocytes in SAAT of healthy obese women. This result suggests that the short-term HG can modulate an immune status of AT in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tencerová
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Jana Kračmerová
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
| | - Eva Krauzová
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Mališová
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kováčová
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Wedellová
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
- Second Internal Medicine Department, Vinohrady Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Šiklová
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Štich
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Rossmeislová
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague 10, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
- Department of Sport Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, CZ-100 00 Czech Republic
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97
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CCL20 is elevated during obesity and differentially regulated by NF-κB subunits in pancreatic β-cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015; 1849:637-52. [PMID: 25882704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced leukocytic infiltration into pancreatic islets contributes to inflammation-based diminutions in functional β-cell mass. Insulitis (aka islet inflammation), which can be present in both T1DM and T2DM, is one factor influencing pancreatic β-cell death and dysfunction. IL-1β, an inflammatory mediator in both T1DM and T2DM, acutely (within 1h) induced expression of the CCL20 gene in rat and human islets and clonal β-cell lines. Transcriptional induction of CCL20 required the p65 subunit of NF-κB to replace the p50 subunit at two functional κB sites within the CCL20 proximal gene promoter. The NF-κB p50 subunit prevents CCL20 gene expression during unstimulated conditions and overexpression of p50 reduces CCL20, but enhances cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), transcript accumulation after exposure to IL-1β. We also identified differential recruitment of specific co-activator molecules to the CCL20 gene promoter, when compared with the CCL2 and COX2 genes, revealing distinct transcriptional requirements for individual NF-κB responsive genes. Moreover, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ individually increased the expression of CCR6, the receptor for CCL20, on the surface of human neutrophils. We further found that the chemokine CCL20 is elevated in serum from both genetically obese db/db mice and in C57BL6/J mice fed a high-fat diet. Taken together, these results are consistent with a possible activation of the CCL20-CCR6 axis in diseases with inflammatory components. Thus, interfering with this signaling pathway, either at the level of NF-κB-mediated chemokine production, or downstream receptor activation, could be a potential therapeutic target to offset inflammation-associated tissue dysfunction in obesity and diabetes.
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98
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Interrelationship between lymphocytes and leptin in fat depots of obese mice revealed by changes in nutritional status. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:497-507. [PMID: 25670497 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the relationships between nutritional status and immunity remain to be fully characterized. The present study was undertaken to analyze by flow cytometry, in the context of diet-induced obesity, the status of immune cells in subcutaneous, and epididymal fat depots in wild-type and immunodeficient Rag2-/- mice submitted to nutritional challenge, i.e., 48-h fasting and 1-week refeeding. In parallel, the responsiveness of mature adipocytes and immune cells in bone marrow, lymph node, and liver were also analyzed. The results show that fasting in obese wild-type mice induces a prominent lipolysis in epididymal AT and immunosuppression restricted to both subcutaneous and epididymal AT, characterized by reduced number of CD4+ T and B lymphocytes and M1/M2 macrophages associated with reduced leptin and increased FGF21 expression in mature adipocytes. One-week refeeding was sufficient to reverse the fasting-induced effects. Obese immunodeficient mice under nutritional challenge exhibited no changes in adipocyte leptin expression and no marked trafficking of AT macrophages or NK cells, while the fasted-induced upregulation of FGF21 expression was maintained as well as the lipolytic responses. The present results demonstrate that, in a context of diet-induced obesity, fasting-induced immunosuppression is restricted to fat depots in immunocompetent mice. Lack of adipocyte leptin regulation and fasting-induced immunosuppression in obese immunodeficient mice strongly suggests that lymphocytes are involved in the modulation of adipocyte leptin expression on one hand and on the other that leptin is involved in the immune changes in AT according to nutritional status.
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that both the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the proportion of people with obesity and/or obesity-associated metabolic syndrome increased markedly in developed countries during the past half century. Obesity is also associated with the development of more active IBD and requirement for hospitalization and with a decrease in the time span between diagnosis and surgery. Patients with IBD, especially Crohn's disease, present fat-wrapping or "creeping fat," which corresponds to ectopic adipose tissue extending from the mesenteric attachment and covering the majority of the small and large intestinal surface. Mesenteric adipose tissue in patients with IBD presents several morphological and functional alterations, e.g., it is more infiltrated with immune cells such as macrophages and T cells. All these lines of evidence clearly show an association between obesity, adipose tissue, and functional bowel disorders. In this review, we will show that the mesenteric adipose tissue and creeping fat are not innocent by standers but actively contribute to the intestinal and systemic inflammatory responses in patients with IBD. More specifically, we will review evidence showing that adipose tissue in IBD is associated with major alterations in the secretion of cytokines and adipokines involved in inflammatory process, in adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells and adipogenesis, and in the interaction between adipose tissue and other intestinal components (immune, lymphatic, neuroendocrine, and intestinal epithelial systems). Collectively, these studies underline the importance of adipose tissue for the identification of novel therapeutic approaches for IBD.
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Ritchlin C, McGonagle D. Etiology and pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-09138-1.00121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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