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Regulation of Iron Homeostasis and Related Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6062094. [PMID: 32454791 PMCID: PMC7212278 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6062094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is the organ for iron storage and regulation; it senses circulating iron concentrations in the body through the BMP-SMAD pathway and regulates the iron intake from food and erythrocyte recovery into the bloodstream by secreting hepcidin. Under iron deficiency, hypoxia, and hemorrhage, the liver reduces the expression of hepcidin to ensure the erythropoiesis but increases the excretion of hepcidin during infection and inflammation to reduce the usage of iron by pathogens. Excessive iron causes system iron overload; it accumulates in never system and damages neurocyte leading to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's syndrome. When some gene mutations affect the perception of iron and iron regulation ability in the liver, then they decrease the expression of hepcidin, causing hereditary diseases such as hereditary hemochromatosis. This review summarizes the source and utilization of iron in the body, the liver regulates systemic iron homeostasis by sensing the circulating iron concentration, and the expression of hepcidin regulated by various signaling pathways, thereby understanding the pathogenesis of iron-related diseases.
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DUAN L, YIN X, MENG H, FANG X, MIN J, WANG F. [Progress on epigenetic regulation of iron homeostasis]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 49:58-70. [PMID: 32621410 PMCID: PMC8800797 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.02.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Iron homeostasis plays an important role for the maintenance of human health. It is known that iron metabolism is tightly regulated by several key genes, including divalent metal transport-1(DMT1), transferrin receptor 1(TFR1), transferrin receptor 2(TFR2), ferroportin(FPN), hepcidin(HAMP), hemojuvelin(HJV) and Ferritin H. Recently, it is reported that DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and microRNA (miRNA) epigenetically regulated iron homeostasis. Among these epigenetic regulators, DNA hypermethylation of the promoter region of FPN, TFR2, HAMP, HJV and bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) genes result in inhibitory effect on the expression of these iron-related gene. In addition, histone deacetylase (HADC) suppresses HAMP gene expression. On the contrary, HADC inhibitor upregulates HAMP gene expression. Additional reports showed that miRNA can also modulate iron absorption, transport, storage and utilization via downregulation of DMT1, FPN, TFR1, TFR2, Ferritin H and other genes. It is noteworthy that some key epigenetic regulatory enzymes, such as DNA demethylase TET2 and histone lysine demethylase JmjC KDMs, require iron for the enzymatic activities. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of DNA methylation, histone acetylation and miRNA in regulating iron metabolism and also discuss the future research directions.
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Zeng C, Sang Y, Wang FY, Zhuang SM. Opposing roles of C/EBPα and eEF1A1 in Sp1-regulated miR-122 transcription. RNA Biol 2020; 17:202-210. [PMID: 31561740 PMCID: PMC6973339 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1673656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that miR-122 was frequently downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and C/EBPα transactivated miR-122 expression. In this study, we found that Sp1 bound to the miR-122 promoter at two different sites. Interestingly, either inhibition or overexpression of Sp1 could decrease the miR-122 promoter activity and the cellular miR-122 level in hepatoma cells. Further investigations disclosed that Sp1 cooperated with C/EBPα to induce miR-122 transcription by binding to the positive regulatory site D in the miR-122 promoter, whereas eEF1A1 interacted with Sp1 to bind to the negative regulatory site E and inhibit miR-122 transcription. Significantly, both Sp1 and eEF1A1 levels were enhanced, but C/EBPα and miR-122 expression were reduced in HCC tissues. Knockdown of eEF1A1 enhanced miR-122 level and inhibited cell growth, and these effects were abrogated when Sp1 was silenced. Consistently, the promoter activity enhanced by site E deletion was attenuated by silencing Sp1. Moreover, reduction of miR-122 resulted from Sp1 overexpression was rescued by coexpressing C/EBPα. These data suggest that C/EBPα and eEF1A1 may play opposing roles in Sp1-regulating miR-122 transcription, and the eEF1A1 upregulation accompanied by C/EBPα downregulation in HCC may switch the regulatory functions of Sp1 and led to reduced miR-122 transcription. These findings highlight the complex regulatory network of miR-122 expression and its significance in hepatocarcinogenesis.Abbreviations: MiRNA: microRNA; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; eEF1A1: eukaryote translation elongation factor 1A1; siRNA: small interfering RNA; qPCR: real-time quantitative RT-PCR; EMSA: electrophoretic mobility shift assay; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; TSS: transcription start site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxian Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ye Sang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Yi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Mei Zhuang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Jaafarpour Z, Soleimani M, Hosseinkhani S, Geramizadeh B, Yaghmaei P, Mobarra N, Karimi MH. Overexpression of microRNA-375 and microRNA-122 promotes the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells. Biologicals 2019; 63:24-32. [PMID: 31882195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of gene expression. In this study, we evaluated the use of overexpression of microRNA-375 (miR-375) and miR-122 in differentiating the Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) into functional hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) without growth factors. We also compared the differentiation by miRNAs versus growth factors. HiPSCs were divided into two main groups: 1- HiPSCs were induced using lentiviral overexpression of miR-375 to differentiate into definitive endoderm (DE) cells in seven days. Then lentiviral overexpression of miR-122 was applied to differentiate DE cells into HLCs in additional 14 days. 2- HiPSCs were differentiated into HLCs using growth factors in 21 days. DE and hepatocyte markers were investigated by qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, secretion analysis and LDL uptake assay. In the produced cells of both groups: the expression levels of DE markers (FOXA2 and SOX17) and hepatocyte markers (albumin, CK18, and HNF4a) in comparison with the undifferentiated hiPSCs increased significantly in seven and 21 days respectively. The albumin and urea secretion and LDL uptake were also detected. These results weren't significantly different between two groups. Therefore, we demonstrated that the over expression of miR-375 and then miR-122 could differentiate hiPSCs into functional HLCs without growth factors for developing cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jaafarpour
- Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Mobarra
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wu L, Ding Q, Wang X, Li P, Fan N, Zhou Y, Tong L, Zhang W, Zhang W, Tang B. Visualization of Dynamic Changes in Labile Iron(II) Pools in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Anal Chem 2019; 92:1245-1251. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Ding
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nannan Fan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Tong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
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56
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Shen Y, Zhao Z, Zhao J, Chen X, Cao M, Wu M. Expression and Functional Analysis of Hepcidin from Mandarin Fish ( Siniperca chuatsi). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225602. [PMID: 31717495 PMCID: PMC6887715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is a liver-derived peptide hormone that is related to iron balance and immunity in humans. However, its function in Siniperca chuatsi has not been well elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the expression and function of the S. chuatsi hepcidin (Sc-hep) gene. Sc-hep was specifically expressed in the liver and appeared to be one of the most highly expressed genes in the liver. After spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infection and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic—polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) stimulation, the expression of Sc-hep in the liver increased by approximately 110, 6500, and 225 times, respectively. After ferrous sulfate (FS) injection, the expression of Sc-hep in the liver increased approximately 520-fold. We found that miR-19c-5p could inhibit Sc-hep expression. Five CpG dinucleotides distributed in the promoter region showed no differential methylation between the liver and the stomach, both presenting high methylation rates. After FS or LPS injection, the expression of three iron balance-related genes (FPN1, TFR1, and FTN) and five immune-related cytokine genes (IL-1β, IL8, TNF-α, TLR22, and SOCS3) significantly changed. These results indicate that Sc-hep participates in the regulation of iron balance and plays an important role in the immune system. Sc-hep increased approximately 52-fold when mandarin fish were domesticated with artificial diets. Sc-hep might be used as a real-time biomarker of mandarin fish liver because its expression markedly varies under different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Shen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jinliang Zhao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Ming Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Fishery Germplasm Conservation Center, Guangzhou 511400, China;
| | - Minglin Wu
- Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230000, China;
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57
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Gjorgjieva M, Sobolewski C, Dolicka D, Correia de Sousa M, Foti M. miRNAs and NAFLD: from pathophysiology to therapy. Gut 2019; 68:2065-2079. [PMID: 31300518 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-318146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with a thorough reprogramming of hepatic metabolism. Epigenetic mechanisms, in particular those associated with deregulation of the expressions and activities of microRNAs (miRNAs), play a major role in metabolic disorders associated with NAFLD and their progression towards more severe stages of the disease. In this review, we discuss the recent progress addressing the role of the many facets of complex miRNA regulatory networks in the development and progression of NAFLD. The basic concepts and mechanisms of miRNA-mediated gene regulation as well as the various setbacks encountered in basic and translational research in this field are debated. miRNAs identified so far, whose expressions/activities are deregulated in NAFLD, and which contribute to the outcomes of this pathology are further reviewed. Finally, the potential therapeutic usages in a short to medium term of miRNA-based strategies in NAFLD, in particular to identify non-invasive biomarkers, or to design pharmacological analogues/inhibitors having a broad range of actions on hepatic metabolism, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gjorgjieva
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dobrochna Dolicka
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Correia de Sousa
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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58
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Ha SY, Yu JI, Choi C, Kang SY, Joh JW, Paik SW, Kim S, Kim M, Park HC, Park CK. Prognostic significance of miR-122 expression after curative resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14738. [PMID: 31611609 PMCID: PMC6791887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Downregulation of MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) and its association with cancer progression have been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line models and a limited number of HCC samples. Recently, restoration of miR-122 expression by direct delivery of miR-122 yielded promising results in HCCs. However, the prognostic effect of miR-122 expression in human HCC samples is not fully understood. We investigated the expression level of miR-122 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 289 curatively resected HCC samples and 20 normal liver samples and evaluated the prognostic effect of miR-122 expression. The relative quantification value of miR-122 was much lower in HCC samples than in normal liver tissues. During a median 119 months of follow-up for survival, the low miR-122 expression group showed shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.033) and intrahepatic recurrence-free survival (IHRFS) (p = 0.014), and a trend of short distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (p = 0.149) than high expression group. On multivariate analysis, miR-122 expression was an independent prognostic factor for RFS, IHRFS and DMFS. Downregulation of miR-122 expression, frequently found in HCC samples, was an independent prognostic factor for RFS after curative resection. Emerging therapeutic approaches targeting miR-122 could be applicable in patients with miR-122 downregulated hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yun Ha
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Il Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changhoon Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Joh
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Woon Paik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonwoo Kim
- Statistics and Data Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Statistics and Data Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Chul Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Cheol-Keun Park
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Anatomic Pathology Reference Lab, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea.
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59
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Jiang S, Guo S, Li H, Ni Y, Ma W, Zhao R. Identification and Functional Verification of MicroRNA-16 Family Targeting Intestinal Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1) in vitro and in vivo. Front Physiol 2019; 10:819. [PMID: 31316397 PMCID: PMC6610423 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) is a key transporter of iron uptake and delivering in human and animals. However, post-transcriptional regulation of DMT1 is poorly understood. In this study, bioinformatic algorithms (TargetScan, PITA, miRanda, and miRDB) were applied to predict, screen, analyze, and obtain microRNA-16 family members (miR-16, miR-195, miR-497, and miR-15b) targeting DMT1, seed sequence and their binding sites within DMT1 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) region. As demonstrated by dual-luciferase reporter assays, luciferase activity of DMT1 3′ UTR reporter was impaired/enhanced when microRNA-16 family member over-expression plasmid/its inhibitor was transfected to HCT116 cells. Corroboratively, co-transfection of microRNA-16 family member over-expression plasmid and DMT1 3′ UTR mutant reporter repressed the luciferase activity in HCT116 cells. In addition, over-expression microRNA-16 family member augmented its expression and diminished DMT1 protein expression in HCT116 cells. Interestingly, tail vein injection of miR-16 assay revealed reduced plasma iron levels, higher miR-16 expression, and lower DMT1 protein expression in the duodenum of mice. Taken together, we provide evidence that microRNA-16 family (miR-16, miR-195, miR-497, and miR-15b) is confirmed to repress intestinal DMT1 expression in vitro and in vivo, which will give valuable insight into post-transcriptional regulation of DMT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shihui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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60
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[Hepatic tropism of hepatitis C virus infection]. Uirusu 2019; 68:63-70. [PMID: 31105136 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.68.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects over 170 million people worldwide and is a major cause of life-threatening liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In current research, we aimed to clarify the mechanism of hepatic tropism of HCV infection. Although non-hepatic cells could not permit replication of HCV RNA, exogenous expression of liver specific miRNA, miR-122 facilitated efficient replication of viral RNA through direct interaction with 5'UTR of viral genome, indicating that miR-122 is one of the key determinants for hepatic tropism of HCV infection. In spite of efficient replication of viral RNA, formation of infectious particles was not observed in non-hepatic cells exogenously expressing miR-122. We found that expression of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) facilitated the formation of infectious HCV particles in non-hepatic cells, indicating that not only miR-122 but also ApoE participate in tissue tropism of HCV infection. To understand the exact roles of miR-122 and apolipoproteins in hepatic tropism of HCV, we established miR-122 and ApoB/ApoE knockout (KO) Huh7 cells, respectively. Although slight increase of intracellular HCV RNA and infectious titers in the culture supernatants was observed, propagation of HCV was impaired in miR-122 KO Huh7 cells. After serial passages of HCV in miR-122 KO cells, we obtained an adaptive mutant that possessed G28A substitutions in the 5'UTR of the HCV genome and exhibited efficient translation and replication in both miR-122 KO Huh7 and non-hepatic cells without exogenous expression of miR-122. These results suggest that HCV mutants replicating in non-hepatic cells in an miR-122-independent manner participate in the induction of extrahepatic manifestations in chronic hepatitis C patients. Deficiency of both ApoB and ApoE strongly inhibited the formation of infectious HCV particles. Interestingly, expression not only of ApoE but also of ApoA or ApoC could rescue the production of infectious HCV particles in ApoB/ApoE KO cells, suggesting that exchangeable apolipoproteins redundantly participate in the formation of infectious HCV particles.
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Mard SA, Akbari G, Dianat M, Mansouri E. The Effect of Zinc Sulfate on miR-122, miR-34a, Atioxidants, Biochemical and Histopathological Parameters Following Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 188:434-440. [PMID: 30014282 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a situation which occurs in various conditions such as pringle maneuver and liver transplantation. The regulatory effect of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) is an important trace element on several liver disorders well known, but its effects on microRNAS (miR-122 and miR-34a) have not been evaluated. The goal of this study was to identify the protective effects of ZnSO4 on IR-induced liver injury, in particular, microRNAS in rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups (eight each group): sham, IR, ZnSO4 pretreatment, and ZnSO4 + IR groups. In sham and ZnSO4 pretreatment groups, animals received normal saline (N/S, 2 ml/kg) and ZnSO4 (5 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days intraperitoneally (ip), then only laparotomy was performed. In IR and ZnSO4 + IR groups, N/S and ZnSO4, respectively, were given with the same dose, time, and route, before induction of ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 60 min. Blood sample was taken for biochemical and microRNAs analysis. Tissue specimens also were obtained for the measurements of antioxidant activities and histopathological evaluations. Our results showed that ZnSO4 pretreatment ameliorated histopathological changes decreased the increased serum levels of liver enzymes, miR-122 and miR-34a, and enhanced the decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes following hepatic IR injury. The present study indicated that ZnSO4 had potential hepatoprotective action against IR-induced injury. Therefore, it has been suggested that it can be administered as an anti-miR before elective hepatic surgeries for prevention of this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Ali Mard
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghaidafeh Akbari
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Medical sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomic Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Miyanishi K, Tanaka S, Sakamoto H, Kato J. The role of iron in hepatic inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:200-205. [PMID: 30017991 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential for organisms and the liver plays a major role in its storage. In pathologic conditions, where iron absorption from the intestine or iron uptake into the hepatocytes is increased, excess iron accumulates in the hepatocytes, leading to hepatocyte injury through the production of free radicals. Iron exerts its toxicity by catalyzing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS causes cell injury by inducing damage to the lysosomal, cytoplasmic, nuclear and mitochondrial membranes, apoptosis through activation of the caspase cascade, and hyperoxidation of fatty chains. In this manuscript, we reviewed the articles regarding role of iron in hepatic inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Miyanishi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
| | - Shingo Tanaka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan; Department of Infection Control, and Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakamoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
| | - Junji Kato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan
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63
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Abstract
Hepcidin, the main regulator of iron metabolism, is synthesized and released by hepatocytes in response to increased body iron concentration and inflammation. Deregulation of hepcidin expression is a common feature of genetic and acquired iron disorders: in Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HH) and iron-loading anemias low hepcidin causes iron overload, while in Iron Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia (IRIDA) and anemia of inflammation (AI), high hepcidin levels induce iron-restricted erythropoiesis. Hepcidin expression in the liver is mainly controlled by the BMP-SMAD pathway, activated in a paracrine manner by BMP2 and BMP6 produced by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. The BMP type I receptors ALK2 and ALK3 are responsible for iron-dependent hepcidin upregulation and basal hepcidin expression, respectively. Characterization of animal models with genetic inactivation of the key components of the pathway has suggested the existence of two BMP/SMAD pathway branches: the first ALK3 and HH proteins dependent, responsive to BMP2 for basal hepcidin activation, and the second ALK2 dependent, activated by BMP6 in response to increased tissue iron. The erythroid inhibitor of hepcidin Erythroferrone also impacts on the liver BMP-SMAD pathway although its effect is blunted by pathway hyper-activation. The liver BMP-SMAD pathway is required also in inflammation to cooperate with JAK2/STAT3 signaling for full hepcidin activation. Pharmacologic targeting of BMP-SMAD pathway components or regulators may improve the outcome of both genetic and acquired disorders of iron overload and deficiency by increasing or inhibiting hepcidin expression.
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64
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Babu KR, Muckenthaler MU. miR-148a regulates expression of the transferrin receptor 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1518. [PMID: 30728365 PMCID: PMC6365501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that allows for transferrin-bound iron uptake in mammalian cells. It is overexpressed in various cancers to satisfy the high iron demand of fast proliferating cells. Here we show that in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) TFR1 expression is regulated by miR-148a. Within the TFR1 3′UTR we identified and experimentally validated two evolutionarily conserved miRNA response elements (MREs) for miR-148/152 family members, including miR-148a. Interestingly, analyses of RNA sequencing data from patients with liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) revealed a significant inverse correlation of TFR1 mRNA levels and miR-148a. In addition, TFR1 mRNA levels were significantly increased in the tumor compared to matched normal healthy tissue, while miR-148a levels are decreased. Functional analysis demonstrated post-transcriptional regulation of TFR1 by miR-148a in HCC cells as well as decreased HCC cell proliferation upon either miR-148a overexpression or TFR1 knockdown. We hypothesize that decreased expression of miR-148a in HCC may elevate transferrin-bound iron uptake, increasing cellular iron levels and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh R Babu
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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MiR-122 Targets SerpinB3 and Is Involved in Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020171. [PMID: 30717317 PMCID: PMC6406326 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The only first-line treatment approved for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is sorafenib. Since many patients experience drug resistance, the discovery of more effective therapeutic strategies represents an unmet clinical need. MicroRNA (MiR)-122 is downregulated in most HCCs, while oncogenic SerpinB3 is upregulated. Here, we assessed the relationship between miR-122 and SerpinB3 and their influence on cell phenotype and sorafenib resistance in HCC. A bioinformatics analysis identified SerpinB3 among hypothetical miR-122 targets. In SerpinB3-overexpressing HepG2 cells, miR-122 transfection decreased SerpinB3 mRNA and protein levels, whereas miR-122 inhibition increased SerpinB3 expression. Luciferase assay demonstrated the interaction between miR-122 and SerpinB3 mRNA. In an HCC rat model, high miR-122 levels were associated with negative SerpinB3 expression, while low miR-122 levels correlated with SerpinB3 positivity. A negative correlation between miR-122 and SerpinB3 or stem cell markers was found in HCC patients. Anti-miR-122 transfection increased cell viability in sorafenib-treated Huh-7 cells, while miR-122 overexpression increased sorafenib sensitivity in treated cells, but not in those overexpressing SerpinB3. In conclusion, we demonstrated that miR-122 targets SerpinB3, and its low levels are associated with SerpinB3 positivity and a stem-like phenotype in HCC. MiR-122 replacement therapy in combination with sorafenib deserves attention as a possible therapeutic strategy in SerpinB3-negative HCCs.
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66
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Wang Y, Yu L, Ding J, Chen Y. Iron Metabolism in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010095. [PMID: 30591630 PMCID: PMC6337236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Demanded as an essential trace element that supports cell growth and basic functions, iron can be harmful and cancerogenic though. By exchanging between its different oxidized forms, iron overload induces free radical formation, lipid peroxidation, DNA, and protein damages, leading to carcinogenesis or ferroptosis. Iron also plays profound roles in modulating tumor microenvironment and metastasis, maintaining genomic stability and controlling epigenetics. in order to meet the high requirement of iron, neoplastic cells have remodeled iron metabolism pathways, including acquisition, storage, and efflux, which makes manipulating iron homeostasis a considerable approach for cancer therapy. Several iron chelators and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) has recently been developed for cancer intervention and presented considerable effects. This review summarizes some latest findings about iron metabolism function and regulation mechanism in cancer and the application of iron chelators and IONPs in cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Wang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lei Yu
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Saleh M, Rüschenbaum S, Welsch C, Zeuzem S, Moradpour D, Gouttenoire J, Lange CM. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Enhances Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Supporting miR-122. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2949. [PMID: 30542341 PMCID: PMC6278592 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with alterations in host lipid and insulin signaling cascades, which are partially explained by a dependence of the HCV life cycle on key molecules in these metabolic pathways. Yet, little is known on the role in the HCV life cycle of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), one of the most important kinases in cellular metabolism. Therefore, the impact of GSK3 on the HCV life cycle was assessed in human hepatoma cell lines harboring subgenomic genotype 1b and 2a replicons or producing cell culture-derived HCV genotype 2a by exposure to synthetic GSK3 inhibitors, GSK3 gene silencing, overexpression of GSK3 constructs and immunofluorescence analyses. In addition, the role of GSK3 in hepatitis E virus (HEV) replication was investigated to assess virus specificity of the observed findings. We found that both inhibition of GSK3 function by synthetic inhibitors as well as silencing of GSK3β gene expression resulted in a decrease of HCV replication and infectious particle production, whereas silencing of the GSK3α isoform had no relevant effect on the HCV life cycle. Conversely, overexpression of GSK3β resulted in enhanced HCV replication. In contrast, GSK3β had no effect on replication of subgenomic HEV replicon. The pro-viral effect of GSK3β on HCV replication was mediated by supporting expression of microRNA-122 (miR-122), a micro-RNA which is mandatory for wild-type HCV replication, as GSK3 inhibitors suppressed miR-122 levels and as inhibitors of GSK3 had no antiviral effect on a miR-122-independent HCV mutant. In conclusion, we have identified GSK3β is a novel host factor supporting HCV replication by maintaining high levels of hepatic miR-122 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Saleh
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabrina Rüschenbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Welsch
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Darius Moradpour
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Gouttenoire
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Lange
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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68
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Nourse J, Braun J, Lackner K, Hüttelmaier S, Danckwardt S. Large-scale identification of functional microRNA targeting reveals cooperative regulation of the hemostatic system. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:2233-2245. [PMID: 30207063 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Essentials MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the molecular networks controlling biological functions such as hemostasis. We utilized novel methods to analyze miRNA-mediated regulation of the hemostatic system. 52 specific miRNA interactions with 11 key hemostatic associated genes were identified. Functionality and drugability of miRNA-19b-3p against antithrombin were demonstrated in vivo. SUMMARY: Background microRNAs (miRNAs) confer robustness to complex molecular networks regulating biological functions. However, despite the involvement of miRNAs in almost all biological processes, and the importance of the hemostatic system for a multitude of actions in and beyond blood coagulation, the role of miRNAs in hemostasis is poorly defined. Objectives Here we comprehensively illuminate miRNA-mediated regulation of the hemostatic system in an unbiased manner. Methods In contrast to widely applied association studies, we used an integrative screening approach that combines functional aspects of miRNA silencing with biophysical miRNA interaction based on RNA pull-downs (miTRAP) coupled to next-generation sequencing. Results Examination of a panel of 27 hemostasis-associated gene 3'UTRs revealed the majority to possess substantial Dicer-dependent silencing capability, suggesting functional miRNA targeting. miTRAP revealed 150 specific miRNA interactions with 14 3'UTRs, of which 52, involving 40 miRNAs, were functionally confirmed. This includes cooperative miRNA regulation of key hemostatic genes comprising procoagulant (F7, F8, F11, FGA, FGG and KLKB1) and anticoagulant (SERPINA10, PROZ, SERPIND1 and SERPINC1) as well as fibrinolytic (PLG) components. Bioinformatic analysis of miRNA functionality reveals established and potential novel links between the hemostatic system and other pathologies, such as cancer, bone metabolism and renal function. Conclusions Our findings provide, along with an in-vivo proof of concept, deep insights into the network of miRNAs regulating the hemostatic system and present a foundation for biomarker discovery and novel targeted therapeutics for correction of de-regulated hemostasis and associated processes in the future. A repository of the miRNA targetome covering 14 hemostatic components is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nourse
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Braun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - K Lackner
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
| | - S Danckwardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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69
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Gunnarsdottir MG, Jonsson T, Halldorsdottir AM. Circulating plasma microRNAs as biomarkers for iron status in blood donors. Transfus Med 2018; 29 Suppl 1:52-58. [PMID: 30209836 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether microRNAs can serve as biomarkers for iron status in blood donors. BACKGROUND Serum ferritin is a widely used biochemical test for detecting iron deficiency, but it has its limitations. Certain microRNAs (miRNAs) reportedly have a role in regulating iron homeostasis. Circulating miRNAs have been reported as potential biomarkers for various conditions but have not yet been studied in iron deficiency. METHODS Participating blood donors were divided into two groups: high ferritin (HF) (>150 µg L-1 ) and low ferritin (LF) (<15 µg L-1 ). MiRNA analysis was performed by an miRNA profiling service (Exiqon) using commercial qPCR assays. The study had two phases: (i) a pilot study (20 participants) where 179 miRNAs were analysed and (ii) a confirmation study (50 participants) of 13 selected miRNAs. RESULTS Mean serum ferritin was 13·8 µg L-1 in the LF arm compared to 231 µg L-1 in the HF group (P < 0·001). Hepcidin plasma levels were higher in the HF arm (P < 0·001), whereas soluble transferrin receptor 1 was higher in the LF group (P < 0·001). In the pilot study, samples did not separate according to study group on unsupervised analysis. When directly comparing HF vs LF groups, 17 miRNAs were differentially expressed (P < 0·05, t-test) but did not pass correction for multiple testing. The confirmation study of 13 selected miRNAs verified these findings as no miRNA was significantly different between the study groups. CONCLUSION In this study, circulating plasma miRNAs did not emerge as promising biomarkers for iron status in healthy individuals. However, in the future, alternative detection methods such as next-generation sequencing might indicate miRNAs that correlate with iron stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Gunnarsdottir
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T Jonsson
- Blood Bank, Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - A M Halldorsdottir
- Blood Bank, Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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70
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Roy S, Trautwein C, Luedde T, Roderburg C. A General Overview on Non-coding RNA-Based Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches for Liver Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:805. [PMID: 30158867 PMCID: PMC6104154 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases contribute to the global mortality and morbidity and still represent a major health problem leading to the death of people worldwide. Although there are several treatment options available for Hepatitis C infections, for most liver disease the pharmacological options are still limited. Therefore, the development of new targets against liver diseases is of high interest. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) such as microRNA (miRNA) or long ncRNA (lncRNA) have been shown to be deeply involved in the pathophysiology of almost all acute and chronic liver diseases. The emerging evidence showed the potential therapeutic use of miRNA associated with different steps of hepatic pathophysiology. In the present review, we summarize emerging insights of ncRNA in liver diseases. We also highlight example of ncRNAs participating in the pathogenesis of different forms of liver disease and how they can be used as potential therapeutic targets for novel treatment paradigms. Furthermore, we describe an overview of up-to-date clinical trials and discuss about its future in clinical applications. Finally, we highlight the role of circulating ncRNAs in diagnosis of liver diseases and discuss the challenges and drawbacks of the usage of ncRNAs in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchari Roy
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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71
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Ye D, Zhang T, Lou G, Xu W, Dong F, Chen G, Liu Y. Plasma miR-17, miR-20a, miR-20b and miR-122 as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of NAFLD in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Life Sci 2018; 208:201-207. [PMID: 30030064 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) complication, may aggravate the disturbance of metabolism, increase the risk of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and promote the progress of liver fibrosis. Therefore, early detection of NAFLD in T2DM patients is critical in avoiding the adverse effects of the complication. This study aimed to identify circulating miRNAs for early diagnosis of the complication. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma miRNA expression profiles of T2DM patients complicated with or without NAFLD were examined by miRNA array analysis and then were validated by qRT-PCR. A new index for prediction the presence of NAFLD was developed based on the result of multivariate logistic regression analysis. STZ and high fat diet were used for construction a rat model of T2DM complicated with NAFLD. KEY FINDINGS Plasma miR-17, miR-20a, miR-20b, and miR-122 were up-regulated in T2DM patients with NAFLD complicated compared in those without NAFLD (P < 0.05). Moreover, the data from the rat model further showed that the above miRNAs were more sensitive than traditional serological markers for predicting the complication. Meanwhile, in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy, we try to construct an AUC by using the new index, 24.852 × WHR-1.121 × miR122 + 1.988 × LDL-21.838, which was significantly higher than a chance assignment (asymptotic significance P < 0.001) for predicting the presence of NAFLD. SIGNIFICANCE Plasma miRNAs and the new index involving WHR, LDL, and miR-122 are potential novel tools for the early diagnosis and risk estimation of NAFLD in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqin Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanning Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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MiR-122 marks the differences between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues and associates with the outcome of bariatric surgery. Obes Res Clin Pract 2018; 12:570-577. [PMID: 29960868 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The physiological roles and clinical impacts of the differences between visceral fat (VF) and subcutaneous fat (SF) are unclear. The present study aimed to compare the miRNA signatures between visceral fat (VF) and subcutaneous fat (SF) and study their influences on outcomes of bariatric surgery. To study the microRNA signatures of the VF and SF in obesity, we performed paired microRNA arrays of the adipose tissues from 20 bariatric surgery patients. The microRNA analysis identified miR-122 as the most significant signature between VF and SF. The tissue distribution, functions, and influences on adipogensis of miR-122 were analysed by Northern blotting, microRNA mimics and inhibitors, and whole-genome microarray analysis. The outcomes of body weight changes after bariatric surgery were analysed and correlated with the miR-122 abundances. Northern blotting confirmed that miR-122 was highly expressed in VF and SF. Bioinformatics analysis of the microarray revealed that proliferator activator receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) signalling was critically affected by miR-122. The modulation of PPAR-γ by miR-122 was confirmed in murine adipocytes and human adipose tissues. Furthermore, the differentiation of preadipocytes was significantly influenced by miR-122. In obese patients receiving bariatric surgery, the ratio of VF and SF miR-122 abundance correlated with 6-month and 1-year % excess body weight loss. Our findings indicate that miR-122 is highly expressed in adipose tissue. The abundance of miR-122 affects PPAR-γ signalling and adipocytes differentiation in vitro and human adipose tissues. Higher miR-122 in VF may be associated with greater body weight loss after bariatric surgery.
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73
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Sekiba K, Otsuka M, Ohno M, Yamagami M, Kishikawa T, Suzuki T, Ishibashi R, Seimiya T, Tanaka E, Koike K. Hepatitis B virus pathogenesis: Fresh insights into hepatitis B virus RNA. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2261-2268. [PMID: 29881235 PMCID: PMC5989240 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i21.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still a worldwide health concern. While divergent factors are involved in its pathogenesis, it is now clear that HBV RNAs, principally templates for viral proteins and viral DNAs, have diverse biological functions involved in HBV pathogenesis. These functions include viral replication, hepatic fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis. Depending on the sequence similarities, HBV RNAs may act as sponges for host miRNAs and may deregulate miRNA functions, possibly leading to pathological consequences. Some parts of the HBV RNA molecule may function as viral-derived miRNA, which regulates viral replication. HBV DNA can integrate into the host genomic DNA and produce novel viral-host fusion RNA, which may have pathological functions. To date, elimination of HBV-derived covalently closed circular DNA has not been achieved. However, RNA transcription silencing may be an alternative practical approach to treat HBV-induced pathogenesis. A full understanding of HBV RNA transcription and the biological functions of HBV RNA may open a new avenue for the development of novel HBV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Sekiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Motoko Ohno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mari Yamagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Rei Ishibashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takahiro Seimiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Eri Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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López P, Castro A, Flórez M, Miranda K, Aranda P, Sánchez-González C, Llopis J, Arredondo M. miR-155 and miR-122 Expression of Spermatozoa in Obese Subjects. Front Genet 2018; 9:175. [PMID: 29896216 PMCID: PMC5986881 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by mild chronic inflammation that is linked with impaired iron homeostasis. Studies in human and murine show that there is a transgenerational epigenetic inheritance via the gametes in obesity; however, there is little information on changes in the expression of microRNAs related to inflammation and iron homeostasis in spermatozoa from obese subjects. The present study investigated the expression of microRNAs related to inflammation (miR-21 y miR-155) and iron nutrition (miR-122 and miR-200b) in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and spermatozoa from normozoospermic controls (Cn; n = 17; BMI: 24.6 ± 2.0) and obese (Ob; n = 17; BMI: 32.6 ± 4.4) men. To determine the inflammation levels, we measured IL-6, TNF-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) by Magnetic Luminex® Assay. mRNA expression of IL6, TNF-α, and hepcidin (HAMP) in PBMC were evaluated by RT-qPCR. The analysis of microRNAs was performed using the Taqman® assays. The iron content in PBMC, seminal plasma, and spermatozoa was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). High serum IL6, TNF-α, and MCP1 levels were observed in Ob group (p < 0.05). Gene expression analysis showed an increased abundance relative of TNF-α (p = 0.018), HAMP (p = 0.03), and IL6 (p = 0.02) in PBMC from obese subjects. Also, we observed high levels of serum ferritin (p = 0.03), iron content in seminal plasma (p = 0.04), and spermatozoa (p = 0.002), but lower serum Fe (p = 0.007) in obese subjects. In the Ob group, a high expression of miR-155 (p = 0.02) and miR-21 (p = 0.03) was observed in PBMC and miR-122 (p = 0.03) in plasma. In sperm, both miR-155 (p = 0.004) and miR-122 (p = 0.028) were high in the Ob group. Our results showed that obese subjects have increased expressions of miR-155 and miR-122, two microRNAs that were previously related with inflammation and iron metabolism, respectively, at both the systemic and sperm levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina López
- Micronutrient Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Castro
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martha Flórez
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Miranda
- Micronutrient Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pilar Aranda
- CIBM, INYTA, IMUDS, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-González
- CIBM, INYTA, IMUDS, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Llopis
- CIBM, INYTA, IMUDS, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Arredondo
- Micronutrient Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Schueller F, Roy S, Vucur M, Trautwein C, Luedde T, Roderburg C. The Role of miRNAs in the Pathophysiology of Liver Diseases and Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010261. [PMID: 29337905 PMCID: PMC5796207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both acute and chronic liver toxicity represents a major global health burden and an important cause of morbidity and lethality worldwide. Despite epochal progress in the treatment of hepatitis C virus infections, pharmacological treatment strategies for most liver diseases are still limited and new targets for prevention or treatment of liver disease are urgently needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a new class of highly conserved small non-coding RNAs that are involved in the regulation of gene expression by targeting whole networks of so called “targets”. Previous studies have shown that the expression of miRNAs is specifically altered in almost all acute and chronic liver diseases. In this context, it was shown that miRNA can exert causal roles, being pro- or anti-inflammatory, as well as pro- or antifibrotic mediators or being oncogenes as well as tumor suppressor genes. Recent data suggested a potential therapeutic use of miRNAs by targeting different steps in the hepatic pathophysiology. Here, we review the function of miRNAs in the context of acute and chronic liver diseases. Furthermore, we highlight the potential role of circulating microRNAs in diagnosis of liver diseases and discuss the major challenges and drawbacks that currently prevent the use of miRNAs in clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schueller
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sanchari Roy
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Mihael Vucur
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hepatobiliary Oncology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Liu XL, Cao HX, Wang BC, Xin FZ, Zhang RN, Zhou D, Yang RX, Zhao ZH, Pan Q, Fan JG. miR-192-5p regulates lipid synthesis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through SCD-1. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8140-8151. [PMID: 29290651 PMCID: PMC5739921 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i46.8140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the levels of miR-192-5p in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) models and demonstrate the role of miR-192-5p in lipid accumulation.
METHODS Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, which were given a standard diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), and an HFD with injection of liraglutide. At the end of 16 weeks, hepatic miR-192-5p and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1) levels were measured. MiR-192-5p mimic and inhibitor and SCD-1 siRNA were transfected into Huh7 cells exposed to palmitic acid (PA). Lipid accumulation was evaluated by oil red O staining and triglyceride assays. Direct interaction was validated by dual-luciferase reporter gene assays.
RESULTS The HFD rats showed a 0.46-fold decrease and a 3.5-fold increase in hepatic miR-192-5p and SCD-1 protein levels compared with controls, respectively, which could be reversed after disease remission by liraglutide injection (P < 0.01). The Huh7 cells exposed to PA also showed down-regulation and up-regulation of miR-192-5p and SCD-1 protein levels, respectively (P < 0.01). Transfection with miR-192-5p mimic and inhibitor in Huh7 cells induced dramatic repression and promotion of SCD-1 protein levels, respectively (P < 0.01). Luciferase activity was suppressed and enhanced by miR-192-5p mimic and inhibitor, respectively, in wild-type SCD-1 (P < 0.01) but not in mutant SCD-1. MiR-192-5p overexpression reduced lipid accumulation significantly in PA-treated Huh7 cells, and SCD-1 siRNA transfection abrogated the lipid deposition aggravated by miR-192-5p inhibitor (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that miR-192-5p has a negative regulatory role in lipid synthesis, which is mediated through its direct regulation of SCD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Liu
- Qin Pan and Jian-Gao Fan, Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hai-Xia Cao
- Qin Pan and Jian-Gao Fan, Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bao-Can Wang
- Qin Pan and Jian-Gao Fan, Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Feng-Zhi Xin
- Qin Pan and Jian-Gao Fan, Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rui-Nan Zhang
- Qin Pan and Jian-Gao Fan, Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Da Zhou
- Qin Pan and Jian-Gao Fan, Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rui-Xu Yang
- Qin Pan and Jian-Gao Fan, Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ze-Hua Zhao
- Qin Pan and Jian-Gao Fan, Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Zou DM, Rong DD, Zhao H, Su L, Sun WL. Improvement of chronic hepatitis B by iron chelation therapy in a patient with iron overload: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e9566. [PMID: 29384977 PMCID: PMC6392519 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE This report describes seroconversion of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in a patient with marked iron overload caused by chronic hepatitis B (CHB) after receiving iron chelation therapy and discusses the role of iron chelation therapy in CHB. PATIENT CONCERNS Increased serum ferritin level for 2 months. DIAGNOSIS Secondary iron overload and CHB. INTERVENTION To relieve iron load of the body, the patient underwent regular phlebotomy therapy and deferoxamine (DFO) therapy. During the therapy, serum ferritin and hepatitis B virus (HBV) were monitored and the iron concentration of the liver and heart were followed by T2* of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. OUTCOMES Serum ferritin gradually decreased. Approximately 1 year after the therapy, HBsAg turned persistently negative. LESSONS Iron chelation therapy may attenuate HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong-Dong Rong
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Mard SA, Akbari G, Dianat M, Mansouri E. Protective effects of crocin and zinc sulfate on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: a comparative experimental model study. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:48-55. [PMID: 28963950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the comparative protective effects of separate and combined pretreatment with Cr and ZnSO4 on serum levels of miR-122, miR-34a, liver function tests, protein expression of Nrf2 and p53, and histopathological changes following IR-induced hepatic injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-six male Wistar rats randomly assigned into seven groups (n=8). Sham (S), IR, crocin pretreatment (Cr), and crocin pretreatment+IR (Cr+IR), ZnSO4 pretreatment (ZnSO4), ZnSO4 pretreatment+IR (ZnSO4+IR) and their combination (Cr+ZnSO4+IR) groups. In sham, ZnSO4 and Cr groups, animals received normal saline (N/S, 2ml/day), Cr (200mg/kg) and ZnSO4 (5mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days (intraperitoneally; i.p), then only laparotomy was performed. In IR, Cr+IR, ZnSO4+IR and Cr+ZnSO4+IR groups, rats received N/S, Cr and ZnSO4 with same dose and time, then underwent a partial (70%) ischemia for 45min that followed by reperfusion for 60min. Blood sample was taken for biochemical and microRNAs assay, tissue specimens were obtained for antioxidants, protein expression, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations. RESULTS The results showed that Cr and ZnSO4 increased antioxidants activity and expression of Nrf2, decreased serum levels of liver enzymes, miR-122, miR-34a, p53 expression and also ameliorated histopathological abnormality. However, their combination caused more improvement on IR-induced liver injury. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that Cr, ZnSO4 and their combination through increasing antioxidant activity and Nrf2 expression, decreasing the serum levels of liver enzymes, miR-122, 34a, p53 expression, and amelioration of histopathological changes, protected liver against IR-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Ali Mard
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghaidafeh Akbari
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomic Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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79
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Diurnal variations in iron concentrations and expression of genes involved in iron absorption and metabolism in pigs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:1210-1214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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80
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Boyle M, Mann J. WITHDRAWN: Epigenetics in Chronic Liver Disease. J Hepatol 2017:S0168-8278(17)32255-9. [PMID: 28855099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Boyle
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4(th) Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jelena Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4(th) Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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81
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The hepatocyte-specific HNF4α/miR-122 pathway contributes to iron overload-mediated hepatic inflammation. Blood 2017; 130:1041-1051. [PMID: 28655781 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-12-755967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic iron overload (IO) is a major complication of transfusional therapy. It was generally thought that IO triggers substantial inflammatory responses by producing reactive oxygen species in hepatic macrophages. Recently, a decrease in microRNA-122 (miR-122) expression was observed in a genetic knockout (Hfe-/-) mouse model of IO. Because hepatocyte-enriched miR-122 is a key regulator of multiple hepatic pathways, including inflammation, it is of interest whether hepatocyte directly contributes to IO-mediated hepatic inflammation. Here, we report that IO induced similar inflammatory responses in human primary hepatocytes and Thp-1-derived macrophages. In the mouse liver, IO resulted in altered expression of not only inflammatory genes but also >230 genes that are known targets of miR-122. In addition, both iron-dextran injection and a 3% carbonyl iron-containing diet led to upregulation of hepatic inflammation, which was associated with a significant reduction in HNF4α expression and its downstream target, miR-122. Interestingly, the same signaling pathway was changed in macrophage-deficient mice, suggesting that macrophages are not the only target of IO. Most importantly, hepatocyte-specific overexpression of miR-122 rescued IO-mediated hepatic inflammation. Our findings indicate the direct involvement of hepatocytes in IO-induced hepatic inflammation and are informative for developing new molecular targets and preventative therapies for patients with major hemoglobinopathy.
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82
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Work over the past decade has identified the important role of microRNAs (miRNAS) in regulating lipoprotein metabolism and associated disorders including metabolic syndrome, obesity, and atherosclerosis. This review summarizes the most recent findings in the field, highlighting the contribution of miRNAs in controlling LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS A number of miRNAs have emerged as important regulators of lipid metabolism, including miR-122 and miR-33. Work over the past 2 years has identified additional functions of miR-33 including the regulation of macrophage activation and mitochondrial metabolism. Moreover, it has recently been shown that miR-33 regulates vascular homeostasis and cardiac adaptation in response to pressure overload. In addition to miR-33 and miR-122, recent GWAS have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the proximity of miRNA genes associated with abnormal levels of circulating lipids in humans. Several of these miRNAs, such as miR-148a and miR-128-1, target important proteins that regulate cellular cholesterol metabolism, including the LDL receptor (LDLR) and the ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1). SUMMARY MicroRNAs have emerged as critical regulators of cholesterol metabolism and promising therapeutic targets for treating cardiometabolic disorders including atherosclerosis. Here, we discuss the recent findings in the field, highlighting the novel mechanisms by which miR-33 controls lipid metabolism and atherogenesis, and the identification of novel miRNAs that regulate LDL metabolism. Finally, we summarize the recent findings that identified miR-33 as an important noncoding RNA that controls cardiovascular homeostasis independent of its role in regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Aryal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Abhishek K. Singh
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Nathan Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
- Corresponding author: Carlos Fernández-Hernando. Phone: +1 (203)-737-4615.
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83
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Muckenthaler MU, Rivella S, Hentze MW, Galy B. A Red Carpet for Iron Metabolism. Cell 2017; 168:344-361. [PMID: 28129536 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 800] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
200 billion red blood cells (RBCs) are produced every day, requiring more than 2 × 1015 iron atoms every second to maintain adequate erythropoiesis. These numbers translate into 20 mL of blood being produced each day, containing 6 g of hemoglobin and 20 mg of iron. These impressive numbers illustrate why the making and breaking of RBCs is at the heart of iron physiology, providing an ideal context to discuss recent progress in understanding the systemic and cellular mechanisms that underlie the regulation of iron homeostasis and its disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina U Muckenthaler
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory and University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 153, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefano Rivella
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthias W Hentze
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory and University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Bruno Galy
- Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis (F170), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Shi W, Wang H, Zheng X, Jiang X, Xu Z, Shen H, Li M. HNF-4alpha Negatively Regulates Hepcidin Expression Through BMPR1A in HepG2 Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 176:294-304. [PMID: 27660075 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin synthesis is reported to be inadequate according to the body iron store in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) undergoing hepatic iron overload (HIO). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesize that hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α) may negatively regulate hepcidin expression and contribute to hepcidin deficiency in NAFLD patients. The effect of HNF-4α on hepcidin expression was observed by transfecting specific HNF-4α small interfering RNA (siRNA) or plasmids into HepG2 cells. Both direct and indirect mechanisms involved in the regulation of HNF-4α on hepcidin were detected by real-time PCR, Western blotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation (chIP), and reporter genes. It was found that HNF-4α suppressed hepcidin messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions in HepG2 cells, and this suppressive effect was independent of the potential HNF-4α response elements. Phosphorylation of SMAD1 but not STAT3 was inactivated by HNF-4α, and the SMAD4 response element was found essential to HNF-4α-induced hepcidin reduction. Neither inhibitory SMADs, SMAD6, and SMAD7 nor BMPR ligands, BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7 were regulated by HNF-4α in HepG2 cells. BMPR1A, but not BMPR1B, BMPR2, ActR2A, ActR2B, or HJV, was decreased by HNF-4α, and HNF4α-knockdown-induced stimulation of hepcidin could be entirely blocked when BMPR1A was interfered with at the same time. In conclusion, the present study suggests that HNF-4α has a suppressive effect on hepcidin expression by inactivating the BMP pathway, specifically via BMPR1A, in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Shi
- Military Hygiene Department, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heyang Wang
- Military Hygiene Department, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Military Hygiene Department, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Military Hygiene Department, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Military Hygiene Department, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Min Li
- Military Hygiene Department, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, No. 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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The Hepatoprotective and MicroRNAs Downregulatory Effects of Crocin Following Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1702967. [PMID: 28367266 PMCID: PMC5358472 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1702967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background. Liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is one of the chief etiologies of tissue damage during liver transplantation, hypovolemic shock, and so forth. This study aimed to evaluate hepatoprotective effect of crocin on IR injury and on microRNAs (miR-122 and miR-34a) expression. Materials and Methods. 32 rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham, IR, crocin pretreatment (Cr), and crocin pretreatment + IR (Cr + IR) groups. In sham and Cr groups, animals were given normal saline (N/S) and Cr (200 mg/Kg) for 7 consecutive days, respectively, and laparotomy without inducing IR was done. In IR and Cr + IR groups, N/S and Cr were given for 7 consecutive days and rats underwent a partial (70%) ischemia for 45 min/reperfusion for 60 min. Blood and tissue samples were taken for biochemical, molecular, and histopathological examinations. Results. The results showed decreased levels of antioxidants activity and increased levels of liver enzymes improved by crocin. The expression of miR-122, miR-34a, and p53 decreased, while Nrf2 increased by crocin. Crocin ameliorated histopathological changes. Conclusion. The results demonstrated that crocin protected the liver against IR injury through increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, improving serum levels of liver enzymes, downregulating miR-122, miR-34a, and p53, and upregulating Nrf2 expression.
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Beuke K, Schildberg FA, Pinna F, Albrecht U, Liebe R, Bissinger M, Schirmacher P, Dooley S, Bode JG, Knolle PA, Kummer U, Breuhahn K, Sahle S. Quantitative and integrative analysis of paracrine hepatocyte activation by nonparenchymal cells upon lipopolysaccharide induction. FEBS J 2017; 284:796-813. [PMID: 28109179 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gut-derived bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulate the secretion of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) from liver macrophages (MCs), liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which control the acute phase response in hepatocytes through activation of the NF-κB pathway. The individual and cooperative impact of nonparenchymal cells on this clinically relevant response has not been analysed in detail due to technical limitations. To gain an integrative view on this complex inter- and intracellular communication, we combined a multiscale mathematical model with quantitative, time-resolved experimental data of different primary murine liver cell types. We established a computational model for TNF-induced NF-κB signalling in hepatocytes, accurately describing dose-responsiveness for physiologically relevant cytokine concentrations. TNF secretion profiles were quantitatively measured for all nonparenchymal cell types upon LPS stimulation. This novel approach allowed the analysis of individual and collective paracrine TNF-mediated NF-κB induction in hepatocytes, revealing strongest effects of MCs and LSECs on hepatocellular NF-κB signalling. Simulations suggest that both cell types act together to maximize the NF-κB pathway response induced by low LPS concentrations (0.1 and 1 ng/mL). Higher LPS concentrations (≥ 5 ng/mL) induced sufficient TNF levels from MCs or LSECs to induce a strong and nonadjustable pathway response. Importantly, these simulations also revealed that the initial cytokine secretion (1-2 h after stimulation) rather than final TNF level (10 h after stimulation) defines the hepatocellular NF-κB response. This raises the question whether the current experimental standard of single high-dose cytokine administration is suitable to mimic in vivo cytokine exposure. DATABASE The computational models described in this manuscript are available in the JWS database via the following link: https://jjj.bio.vu.nl/database/beuke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Beuke
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/BIOQUANT, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Frank A Schildberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federico Pinna
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Albrecht
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roman Liebe
- Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty at Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | | | - Steven Dooley
- Molecular Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty at Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Percy A Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, München Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Ursula Kummer
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/BIOQUANT, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Sahle
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/BIOQUANT, Heidelberg University, Germany
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87
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Interplay between epigenetics and metabolism in oncogenesis: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Oncogene 2017; 36:3359-3374. [PMID: 28092669 PMCID: PMC5485177 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic and metabolic alterations in cancer cells are highly intertwined. Oncogene-driven metabolic rewiring modifies the epigenetic landscape via modulating the activities of DNA and histone modification enzymes at the metabolite level. Conversely, epigenetic mechanisms regulate the expression of metabolic genes, thereby altering the metabolome. Epigenetic-metabolomic interplay has a critical role in tumourigenesis by coordinately sustaining cell proliferation, metastasis and pluripotency. Understanding the link between epigenetics and metabolism could unravel novel molecular targets, whose intervention may lead to improvements in cancer treatment. In this review, we summarized the recent discoveries linking epigenetics and metabolism and their underlying roles in tumorigenesis; and highlighted the promising molecular targets, with an update on the development of small molecule or biologic inhibitors against these abnormalities in cancer.
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88
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Identification and Characterization of MicroRNAs in the Liver of Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) Infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121972. [PMID: 27898025 PMCID: PMC5187772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that play key roles in regulation of various biological processes. In order to better understand the biological significance of miRNAs in the context of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Megalobrama amblycephala, small RNA libraries obtained from fish liver at 0 (non-infection), 4, and 24 h post infection (poi) were sequenced using Illumina deep sequencing technology. A total of 11,244,207, 9,212,958, and 7,939,157 clean reads were obtained from these three RNA libraries, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis identified 171 conserved miRNAs and 62 putative novel miRNAs. The existence of ten randomly selected novel miRNAs was validated by RT-PCR. Pairwise comparison suggested that 61 and 44 miRNAs were differentially expressed at 4 and 24 h poi, respectively. Furthermore, the expression profiles of nine randomly selected miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. MicroRNA target prediction, gene ontology (GO) annotation, and Kyoto Encylopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that a variety of biological pathways could be affected by A. hydrophila infection. Additionally, transferrin (TF) and transferrin receptor (TFR) genes were confirmed to be direct targets of miR-375. These results will expand our knowledge of the role of miRNAs in the immune response of M. amblycephala to A. hydrophila infection, and facilitate the development of effective strategies against A. hydrophila infection in M. amblycephala.
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89
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Willeit P, Skroblin P, Kiechl S, Fernández-Hernando C, Mayr M. Liver microRNAs: potential mediators and biomarkers for metabolic and cardiovascular disease? Eur Heart J 2016; 37:3260-3266. [PMID: 27099265 PMCID: PMC5146692 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the regulation of gene expression. In this review, we summarize the rapidly evolving knowledge about liver miRNAs (including miR-33, -33*, miR-223, -30c, -144, -148a, -24, -29, and -122) and their link to hepatic lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and type-2 diabetes. With regards to its biomarker potential, the main focus is on miR-122 as the most abundant liver miRNA with exquisite tissue specificity. MiR-122 has been proposed to play a central role in the maintenance of lipid and glucose homeostasis and is consistently detectable in serum and plasma. This miRNA may therefore constitute a novel biomarker for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Willeit
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philipp Skroblin
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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90
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Rivkin M, Simerzin A, Zorde-Khvalevsky E, Chai C, Yuval JB, Rosenberg N, Harari-Steinfeld R, Schneider R, Amir G, Condiotti R, Heikenwalder M, Weber A, Schramm C, Wege H, Kluwe J, Galun E, Giladi H. Inflammation-Induced Expression and Secretion of MicroRNA 122 Leads to Reduced Blood Levels of Kidney-Derived Erythropoietin and Anemia. Gastroenterology 2016; 151:999-1010.e3. [PMID: 27477940 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Anemia is associated commonly with acute and chronic inflammation, but the mechanisms of their interaction are not clear. We investigated whether microRNA 122 (MIR122), which is generated in the liver and is secreted into the blood, is involved in the development of anemia associated with inflammation. METHODS We characterized the primary transcript of the human liver-specific MIR122 using Northern blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and 3' and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends analyses. We studied regulation of MIR122 in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (Huh7 and HepG2) as well as in C57BL/6 and mice with disruption of the tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) gene. Liver tissues were collected and analyzed by bioluminescence imaging or immunofluorescence. Inflammation in mice was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or by cerulein injections. Mice were given 4 successive injections of LPS, leading to inflammation-induced anemia. Steatohepatitis was induced with a choline-deficient, high-fat diet. Hemolytic anemia was stimulated by phenylhydrazine injection. MIR122 was inhibited in mice by tail-vein injection of an oligonucleotide antagonist of MIR122. MicroRNA and messenger RNA levels were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The primary transcript of MIR122 spanned 5 kb, comprising 3 exons; the third encodes MIR122. Within the MIR122 promoter region we identified a nuclear factor-κB binding site and showed that RELA (NF-κB p65 subunit), as well as activators of NF-κB (TNF and LPS), increased promoter activity of MIR122. Administration of LPS to mice induced secretion of MIR122 into blood, which required TNF. Secreted MIR122 reached the kidney and reduced expression of erythropoietin (Epo), which we identified as a MIR122 target gene. Injection of mice with an oligonucleotide antagonist of MIR122 increased blood levels of EPO, reticulocytes, and hemoglobin. We found an inverse relationship between blood levels of MIR122 and EPO in mice with acute pancreatitis or steatohepatitis, and also in patients with acute inflammation. CONCLUSION In mice, we found that LPS-induced inflammation increases blood levels of MIR122, which reduces expression of Epo in the kidney; this is a mechanism of inflammation-induced anemia. Strategies to block MIR122 in patients with inflammation could reduce the development or progression of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Rivkin
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alina Simerzin
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elina Zorde-Khvalevsky
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chofit Chai
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jonathan B Yuval
- Department of Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nofar Rosenberg
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rona Harari-Steinfeld
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronen Schneider
- Department of Nephrology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gail Amir
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reba Condiotti
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Institute for Virology, Technische Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Weber
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henning Wege
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kluwe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eithan Galun
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Hilla Giladi
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
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91
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Liu XL, Cao HX, Fan JG. MicroRNAs as biomarkers and regulators of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Dig Dis 2016; 17:708-715. [PMID: 27628945 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complicated disease affected by the interaction of environmental and genetic factors; however, the precise pathogenesis of the disease has not been fully determined. There is a need to better understand the pathogenesis of NAFLD and to identify non-invasive diagnostic modalities. Recent advances in systematic biology and epigenetics have improved our understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationships in NAFLD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of a wide range of biological processes. MiRNAs are extremely stable and protect from RNAase-mediated degradation in body fluids, making them attractive candidate biomarkers for the early detection of the disease and the monitoring of disease progression. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on miRNAs as potential biomarkers of NAFLD at different stages and for the prognosis of advanced diseases. Furthermore, we discussed the implications of miRNAs that functioning in lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis as well as in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis with regard to the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Center for Fatty Liver, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Xia Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Center for Fatty Liver, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Center for Fatty Liver, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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92
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Isolation and characterization of vesicular and non-vesicular microRNAs circulating in sera of partially hepatectomized rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31869. [PMID: 27535708 PMCID: PMC4989158 DOI: 10.1038/srep31869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs are protected from degradation by their association with either vesicles or components of the RNAi machinery. Although increasing evidence indicates that cell-free microRNAs are transported in body fluids by different types of vesicles, current research mainly focuses on the characterization of exosome-associated microRNAs. However, as isolation and characterization of exosomes is challenging, it is yet unclear whether exosomes or other vesicular elements circulating in serum are the most reliable source for discovering disease-associated biomarkers. In this study, circulating microRNAs associated to the vesicular and non-vesicular fraction of sera isolated from partially hepatectomized rats were measured. Here we show that independently from their origin, levels of miR-122, miR-192, miR-194 and Let-7a are up-regulated two days after partial hepatectomy. The inflammation-associated miR-150 and miR-155 are up-regulated in the vesicular-fraction only, while the regeneration-associated miR-21 and miR-33 are up-regulated in the vesicular- and down-regulated in the non-vesicular fraction. Our study shows for the first time the modulation of non-vesicular microRNAs in animals recovering from partial hepatectomy, suggesting that, in the search for novel disease-associated biomarkers, the profiling of either vesicular or non-vesicular microRNAs may be more relevant than the analysis of microRNAs isolated from unfractionated serum.
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93
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Sarnow P, Sagan SM. Unraveling the Mysterious Interactions Between Hepatitis C Virus RNA and Liver-Specific MicroRNA-122. Annu Rev Virol 2016; 3:309-332. [PMID: 27578438 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-110615-042409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Many viruses encode or subvert cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) to aid in their gene expression, amplification strategies, or pathogenic signatures. miRNAs typically downregulate gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region of their mRNA targets. As a result, target mRNAs are translationally repressed and subsequently deadenylated and degraded. Curiously, hepatitis C virus (HCV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, recruits two molecules of liver-specific microRNA-122 (miR-122) to the 5' end of its genome. In contrast to the canonical activity of miRNAs, the interactions of miR-122 with the viral genome promote viral RNA accumulation in cultured cells and in animal models of HCV infection. Sequestration of miR-122 results in loss of viral RNA both in cell culture and in the livers of chronic HCV-infected patients. This review discusses the mechanisms by which miR-122 is thought to enhance viral RNA abundance and the consequences of miR-122-HCV interactions. We also describe preliminary findings from phase II clinical trials in patients treated with miR-122 antisense oligonucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sarnow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Selena M Sagan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada;
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94
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Bandopadhyay M, Sarkar N, Datta S, Das D, Pal A, Panigrahi R, Banerjee A, Panda CK, Das C, Chakrabarti S, Chakravarty R. Hepatitis B virus X protein mediated suppression of miRNA-122 expression enhances hepatoblastoma cell proliferation through cyclin G1-p53 axis. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:40. [PMID: 27528885 PMCID: PMC4983788 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) reported to be associated with pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and miR-122 expression is down regulated in HCC. Previous studies reported miR-122 targets cyclin G1 (CCNG1) expression and this in turn abolishes p53-mediated inhibition of HBV replication. Here we investigated the involvement of HBx protein in the modulation of miR-122 expression in hepatoblastoma cells. Methods Expression of miR-122 was measured in HepG2 cells transfected with HBx plasmid (HBx-HepG2), full length HBV genome (HBV-HepG2) and in constitutively HBV synthesizing HepG2.2.15 cells. CCNG1 mRNA (a direct target of miR-122) and protein expressions were also measured in both HBx-HepG2, HBV-HepG2 cells and in HepG2.2.15 cells. miR-122 expressions were analyzed in HBx-HepG2, HBV-HepG2 and in HepG2.2.15 cells after treatment with HBx mRNA specific siRNA. Expressions of p53 mRNA and protein which is negatively regulated by CCNG1 were analyzed in HBx transfected HepG2 cells; X silenced HBx-HepG2 cells and X silenced HepG2.2.15 cells. HBx induced cell proliferation in HepG2 cells was measured by cell proliferation assay. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate changes in cell cycle distribution. Expression of cell cycle markers were measured by real time PCR. Results Expression of miR-122 was down regulated in HBx-HepG2, HBV-HepG2 and also in HepG2.2.15 cell line compared to control HepG2 cells. CCNG1 expression was found to be up regulated in HBx-HepG2, HBV-HepG2 cells and in HepG2.2.15 cells. Following siRNA mediated silencing of HBx expression; increased miR-122 levels were documented in HBx-HepG2, HBV-HepG2 and in HepG2.2.15 cells. HBx silencing in HBx-HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cells also resulted in increased p53 expression. FACS analysis and assessment of expressions of cell cycle markers revealed HBx induced a release from G1/S arrest in HepG2 cells. Further, cell proliferation assay showed HBx promoted proliferation of HepG2 cell. Conclusion Our study revealed that HBx induced down regulation of miR-122 expression that consequently increased CCNG1 expression. This subsequently caused cell proliferation and release from G1/S arrest in malignant hepatocytes. The study provides the potential to utilize the HBx-miR-122 interaction as a therapeutic target to limit the development of HBV related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikankana Bandopadhyay
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, Indian Council of Medical Research, GB-4, 1st floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. S C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010 West Bengal India
| | - Neelakshi Sarkar
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, Indian Council of Medical Research, GB-4, 1st floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. S C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010 West Bengal India
| | - Sibnarayan Datta
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Defense Research Laboratory (DRDO), Tezpur, Assam India
| | - Dipanwita Das
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, Indian Council of Medical Research, GB-4, 1st floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. S C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010 West Bengal India
| | - Ananya Pal
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, Indian Council of Medical Research, GB-4, 1st floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. S C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010 West Bengal India
| | - Rajesh Panigrahi
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, Indian Council of Medical Research, GB-4, 1st floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. S C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010 West Bengal India ; Present Address: Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Arup Banerjee
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, Indian Council of Medical Research, GB-4, 1st floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. S C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010 West Bengal India
| | - Chinmay K Panda
- Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, SP Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhan nagar, Kolkata India
| | | | - Runu Chakravarty
- ICMR Virus Unit, Kolkata, Indian Council of Medical Research, GB-4, 1st floor, ID & BG Hospital Campus, 57, Dr. S C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010 West Bengal India
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95
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Liu DZ, Jickling GC, Ander BP, Hull H, Zhan X, Cox C, Shroff N, Dykstra-Aiello C, Stamova B, Sharp FR. Elevating microRNA-122 in blood improves outcomes after temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:1374-83. [PMID: 26661204 PMCID: PMC4976655 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15610786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because our recent studies have demonstrated that miR-122 decreased in whole blood of patients and in whole blood of rats following ischemic stroke, we tested whether elevating blood miR-122 would improve stroke outcomes in rats. Young adult rats were subjected to a temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or sham operation. A polyethylene glycol-liposome-based transfection system was used to administer a miR-122 mimic after MCAO. Neurological deficits, brain infarction, brain vessel integrity, adhesion molecule expression and expression of miR-122 target and indirect-target genes were examined in blood at 24 h after MCAO with or without miR-122 treatment. miR-122 decreased in blood after MCAO, whereas miR-122 mimic elevated miR-122 in blood 24 h after MCAO. Intravenous but not intracerebroventricular injection of miR-122 mimic decreased neurological deficits and brain infarction, attenuated ICAM-1 expression, and maintained vessel integrity after MCAO. The miR-122 mimic also down-regulated direct target genes (e.g. Vcam1, Nos2, Pla2g2a) and indirect target genes (e.g. Alox5, Itga2b, Timp3, Il1b, Il2, Mmp8) in blood after MCAO which are predicted to affect cell adhesion, diapedesis, leukocyte extravasation, eicosanoid and atherosclerosis signaling. The data show that elevating miR-122 improves stroke outcomes and we postulate this occurs via downregulating miR-122 target genes in blood leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Glen C Jickling
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bradley P Ander
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Heather Hull
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Cox
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Natasha Shroff
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl Dykstra-Aiello
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Boryana Stamova
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Frank R Sharp
- Department of Neurology and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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96
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A Survey of Strategies to Modulate the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Pathway: Current and Future Perspectives. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7290686. [PMID: 27433166 PMCID: PMC4940573 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7290686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute the largest subdivision of the TGF-β family of ligands and are unequivocally involved in regulating stem cell behavior. Appropriate regulation of canonical BMP signaling is critical for the development and homeostasis of numerous human organ systems, as aberrations in the BMP pathway or its regulation are increasingly associated with diverse human pathologies. In this review, we provide a wide-perspective on strategies that increase or decrease BMP signaling. We briefly outline the current FDA-approved approaches, highlight emerging next-generation technologies, and postulate prospective avenues for future investigation. We also detail how activating other pathways may indirectly modulate BMP signaling, with a particular emphasis on the relationship between the BMP and Activin/TGF-β pathways.
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97
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MicroRNAs and liver disease. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:75-80. [PMID: 27225852 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The biological roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been extensively studied. miRNA122 represents more than half of the miRNAs expressed in the liver and has various physiological and pathological functions, which include enhancing hepatitis virus replication, regulating lipid metabolism and suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma. miRNAs, whether globally or individually, have been linked with hepatocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, some miRNAs have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Using nucleotide-based strategies, these miRNAs may be developed as potential therapeutic targets. Because changes in miRNA expression can be measured in sera, they may be used as non-invasive biomarkers if they correctly reflect the pathological state of the liver. In this review, we show the biological roles of representative miRNAs in liver disease and discuss the current issues that remain to be clarified for future clinical applications.
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98
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Kishikawa T, Otsuka M, Tan PS, Ohno M, Sun X, Yoshikawa T, Shibata C, Takata A, Kojima K, Takehana K, Ohishi M, Ota S, Noyama T, Kondo Y, Sato M, Soga T, Hoshida Y, Koike K. Decreased miR122 in hepatocellular carcinoma leads to chemoresistance with increased arginine. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8339-52. [PMID: 25826076 PMCID: PMC4480756 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced expression of microRNA122 (miR122), a liver-specific microRNA, is
frequent in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its biological
significances remain poorly understood. Because deregulated amino acid levels in
cancers can affect their biological behavior, we determined the amino acid
levels in miR122-silenced mouse liver tissues, in which intracellular arginine
levels were significantly increased. The increased intracellular arginine levels
were through upregulation of the solute carrier family 7 (SLC7A1), a transporter
of arginine and a direct target of miR122. Arginine is the substrate for nitric
oxide (NO) synthetase, and intracellular NO levels were increased in
miR122-silenced HCC cells, with increased resistance to sorafenib, a multikinase
inhibitor. Conversely, maintenance of the miR122-silenced HCC cells in
arginine-depleted culture media, as well as overexpression of miR122 in
miR122-low-expressing HCC cells, reversed these effects and rendered the cells
more sensitive to sorafenib. Using a reporter knock-in construct, chemical
compounds were screened, and Wee1 kinase inhibitor was identified as
upregulators of miR122 transcription, which increased the sensitivity of the
cells to sorafenib. These results provide an insight into sorafenib resistance
in miR122-low HCC, and suggest that arginine depletion or a combination of
sorafenib with the identified compound may provide promising approaches to
managing this HCC subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Poh Seng Tan
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, 119228, Singapore
| | - Motoko Ohno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Xiaochen Sun
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Chikako Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akemi Takata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kenji Takehana
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Research Institute, Ajinomoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Maki Ohishi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Sana Ota
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Noyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yuji Kondo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masaya Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Research Institute, Ajinomoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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99
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Chen S, Feng T, Vujić Spasić M, Altamura S, Breitkopf-Heinlein K, Altenöder J, Weiss TS, Dooley S, Muckenthaler MU. Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1) Activates Hepcidin mRNA Expression in Hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13160-74. [PMID: 27129231 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.691543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatic hormone hepcidin is the master regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. Its expression level is adjusted to alterations in iron levels, inflammatory cues, and iron requirements for erythropoiesis. Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) contributes to the iron-dependent control of hepcidin. In addition, TGF-β1 may stimulate hepcidin mRNA expression in murine hepatocytes and human leukocytes. However, receptors and downstream signaling proteins involved in TGF-β1-induced hepcidin expression are still unclear. Here we show that TGF-β1 treatment of mouse and human hepatocytes, as well as ectopic expression of TGF-β1 in mice, increases hepcidin mRNA levels. The hepcidin response to TGF-β1 depends on functional TGF-β1 type I receptor (ALK5) and TGF-β1 type II receptor (TβRII) and is mediated by a noncanonical mechanism that involves Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. Interestingly, increasing availability of canonical Smad2/3 decreases TGF-β1-induced hepcidin regulation, whereas the BMP6-hepcidin signal was enhanced, indicating a signaling component stoichiometry-dependent cross-talk between the two pathways. Although ALK2/3-dependent hepcidin activation by BMP6 can be modulated by each of the three hemochromatosis-associated proteins: HJV (hemojuvelin), HFE (hemochromatosis protein), and TfR2 (transferrin receptor 2), these proteins do not control the ALK5-mediated hepcidin response to TGF-β1. TGF-β1 mRNA levels are increased in mouse models of iron overload, indicating that TGF-β1 may contribute to hepcidin synthesis under these conditions. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that a complex regulatory network involving TGF-β1 and BMP6 may control the sensing of systemic and/or hepatic iron levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Chen
- From the Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, the Department of Medicine II, Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany, the Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Teng Feng
- the Department of Medicine II, Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maja Vujić Spasić
- From the Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, the Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Sandro Altamura
- From the Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, the Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and
| | - Katja Breitkopf-Heinlein
- the Department of Medicine II, Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jutta Altenöder
- the Department of Medicine II, Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas S Weiss
- Center for Liver Cell Research, Department of Pediatrics and Juvenile Medicine, University of Regensburg Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Steven Dooley
- the Department of Medicine II, Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany,
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- From the Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, the Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and
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100
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MicroRNA: a connecting road between apoptosis and cholesterol metabolism. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8529-54. [PMID: 27105614 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to apoptosis leads to tumorigenesis and failure of anti-cancer therapy. Recent studies also highlight abrogated lipid/cholesterol metabolism as one of the root causes of cancer that can lead to metastatic transformations. Cancer cells are dependent on tremendous supply of cellular cholesterol for the formation of new membranes and continuation of cell signaling. Cholesterol homeostasis network tightly regulates this metabolic need of cancer cells on cholesterol and other lipids. Genetic landscape is also shared between apoptosis and cholesterol metabolism. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the new fine tuners of signaling pathways and cellular processes and are known for their ability to post-transcriptionally repress gene expression in a targeted manner. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the cross talk between apoptosis and cholesterol metabolism via miRNAs. In addition, we also emphasize herein recent therapeutic modulations of specific miRNAs and their promising potential for the treatment of deadly diseases including cancer and cholesterol related pathologies. Understanding of the impact of miRNA-based regulation of apoptosis and metabolic processes is still at its dawn and needs further research for the development of future miRNA-based therapies. As both these physiological processes affect cellular homeostasis, we believe that this comprehensive summary of miRNAs modulating both apoptosis and cholesterol metabolism will open uncharted territory for scientific exploration and will provide the foundation for discovering novel drug targets for cancer and metabolic diseases.
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