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Li D, Zhang L, He Y, Zhou T, Cheng X, Huang W, Xu Y. Novel histone post-translational modifications in diabetes and complications of diabetes: The underlying mechanisms and implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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52
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Magee N, Ahamed F, Eppler N, Jones E, Ghosh P, He L, Zhang Y. Hepatic transcriptome profiling reveals early signatures associated with disease transition from non-alcoholic steatosis to steatohepatitis. LIVER RESEARCH 2022; 6:238-250. [PMID: 36864891 PMCID: PMC9977163 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The molecular events that influence disease progression from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to aggressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain incompletely understood, leading to lack of mechanism-based targeted treatment options for NASH. This study aims to identify early signatures associated with disease progression from NAFL to NASH in mice and humans. Materials and methods Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat, -cholesterol, and - fructose (HFCF) diet for up to 9 months. The extent of steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis was evaluated in liver tissues. Total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted to determine liver transcriptomic changes. Results After being fed the HFCF diet, mice sequentially developed steatosis, early steatohepatitis, steatohepatitis with fibrosis, and eventually spontaneous liver tumor. Hepatic RNA-seq revealed that the key signatures during steatosis progression to early steatohepatitis were pathways related to extracellular matrix organization and immune responses such as T cell migration, arginine biosynthesis, C-type lectin receptor signaling, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Genes regulated by transcription factors forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and negative elongation factor complex member E (NELFE) were significantly altered during disease progression. This phenomenon was also observed in patients with NASH. Conclusions In summary, we identified early signatures associated with disease progression from NAFL to early NASH in a mouse model that recapitulated key metabolic, histologic, and transcriptomic changes seen in humans. The findings from our study may shed light on the development of novel preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Magee
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Forkan Ahamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Natalie Eppler
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Priyanka Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Lily He
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Liver Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
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53
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Hsieh YC, Wu PS, Lin YT, Huang YH, Hou MC, Lee KC, Lin HC. (Pro)renin receptor inhibition attenuated liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice with steatohepatitis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22526. [PMID: 36063123 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200594r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The (Pro)renin receptor (PRR) is reportedly involved in hepatic lipid metabolism and hepatocyte PRR knockdown protects mice against hepatosteatosis. However, the impact of PRR inhibition on liver inflammation and fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains unclear. Herein, C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal chow diet or fast food diet (FFD) for 24 weeks. Lentivirus-mediated PRR short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or handle region peptide (HRP), a PRR blocker, was administered for PRR inhibition. Mouse primary hepatocytes were cultured with palmitic acid, prorenin, siRNA-targeted PRR, and HRP. In FFD-fed mice, PRR inhibition via lentivirus-mediated PRR knockdown or HRP significantly attenuated liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Mechanistically, PRR knockdown or HRP decreased hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) abundance and upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα). HRP treatment also decreased hepatic PRR expression. In addition, intrahepatic oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammatory cell recruitment were ameliorated by PRR knockdown or HRP treatment, along with suppression of proinflammatory cytokine expression. PRR inhibition downregulated the hepatic expression of profibrotic factors, as well as TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway. In primary mouse hepatocytes, PRR knockdown with siRNA or HRP downregulated cellular ACC and increased PPARα expression. In conclusion, our findings revealed that PRR inhibition attenuated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice with NASH. Accordingly, targeting PRR signaling may serve as a potential treatment for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Cheng Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Wu
- Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsung Lin
- Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chuan Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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54
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Maassen S, Warner H, Ioannidis M, Jansma J, Markus H, El Aidy S, Chiara MD, Chiara JL, Maierhofer L, Weavers H, van den Bogaart G. Mitochondrial interaction of fibrosis-protective 5-methoxy tryptophan enhances collagen uptake by macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:287-297. [PMID: 35753585 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
5-methoxy tryptophan (5-MTP) is an anti-fibrotic metabolite made by fibroblasts and epithelial cells, present in a micromolar concentrations in human blood, and is associated with the progression of fibrotic kidney disease, but the mechanism is unclear. Here, we show by microscopy and functional assays that 5-MTP influences mitochondria in human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages. As a result, the mitochondrial membranes are more rigid, more branched, and are protected against oxidation. The macrophages also change their metabolism by reducing mitochondrial import of acyl-carnitines, intermediates of fatty acid metabolism, driving glucose import. Moreover, 5-MTP increases the endocytosis of collagen by macrophages, and experiments with inhibition of glucose uptake showed that this is a direct result of their altered metabolism. However, 5-MTP does not affect the macrophages following pathogenic stimulation, due to 5-MTP degradation by induced expression of indole-amine oxygenase-1 (IDO-1). Thus, 5-MTP is a fibrosis-protective metabolite that, in absence of pathogenic stimulation, promotes collagen uptake by anti-inflammatory macrophages by altering the physicochemical properties of their mitochondrial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjors Maassen
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, 050, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Warner
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, 050, the Netherlands
| | - Melina Ioannidis
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, 050, the Netherlands
| | - Jack Jansma
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, 050, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo Markus
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, 050, the Netherlands
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, 050, the Netherlands
| | - María-Dolores Chiara
- Institute of Sanitary Research of the Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; CIBERONC (Network of Biomedical Research in Cancer), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Chiara
- Institute of General Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Helen Weavers
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, 050, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 050, the Netherlands.
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55
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Benarroch E. What Is the Role of Microglial Metabolism in Inflammation and Neurodegeneration? Neurology 2022; 99:99-105. [PMID: 35851556 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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56
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Ursino G, Ramadori G, Höfler A, Odouard S, Teixeira PDS, Visentin F, Veyrat-Durebex C, Lucibello G, Firnkes R, Ricci S, Vianna CR, Jia L, Dirlewanger M, Klee P, Elmquist JK, Roth J, Vogl T, Schwitzgebel VM, Jornayvaz FR, Boland A, Coppari R. Hepatic non-parenchymal S100A9-TLR4-mTORC1 axis normalizes diabetic ketogenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4107. [PMID: 35840613 PMCID: PMC9287425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Unrestrained ketogenesis leads to life-threatening ketoacidosis whose incidence is high in patients with diabetes. While insulin therapy reduces ketogenesis this approach is sub-optimal. Here, we report an insulin-independent pathway able to normalize diabetic ketogenesis. By generating insulin deficient male mice lacking or re-expressing Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) only in liver or hepatocytes, we demonstrate that hepatic TLR4 in non-parenchymal cells mediates the ketogenesis-suppressing action of S100A9. Mechanistically, S100A9 acts extracellularly to activate the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in a TLR4-dependent manner. Accordingly, hepatic-restricted but not hepatocyte-restricted loss of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 (TSC1, an mTORC1 inhibitor) corrects insulin-deficiency-induced hyperketonemia. Therapeutically, recombinant S100A9 administration restrains ketogenesis and improves hyperglycemia without causing hypoglycemia in diabetic mice. Also, circulating S100A9 in patients with ketoacidosis is only marginally increased hence unveiling a window of opportunity to pharmacologically augment S100A9 for preventing unrestrained ketogenesis. In summary, our findings reveal the hepatic S100A9-TLR4-mTORC1 axis in non-parenchymal cells as a promising therapeutic target for restraining diabetic ketogenesis. Excess ketogenesis can lead to ketoacidosis, a serious complication in patients with diabetes. Here the authors report an insulin independent pathway, the hepatic nonparenchymal S100A9-TLR4-mTORC1 axis, that is able to normalize diabetic ketogenesis and pre-clinical data to suggest potential for development of S100A9 based adjunctive therapy to insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Ursino
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Ramadori
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Höfler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Soline Odouard
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pryscila D S Teixeira
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Visentin
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Veyrat-Durebex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Lucibello
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Raquel Firnkes
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serena Ricci
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudia R Vianna
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Lin Jia
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Mirjam Dirlewanger
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Klee
- Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joel K Elmquist
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Munster, 48149, Munster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Munster, 48149, Munster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Munster, 48149, Munster, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, University of Munster, 48149, Munster, Germany
| | - Valérie M Schwitzgebel
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.,Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic patient education, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Boland
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Coppari
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Yi S, Dai D, Wu H, Chai S, Liu S, Meng Q, Zhou Z. Dietary Concentrate-to-Forage Ratio Affects Rumen Bacterial Community Composition and Metabolome of Yaks. Front Nutr 2022; 9:927206. [PMID: 35911107 PMCID: PMC9329686 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.927206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in dietary composition affect the rumen microbiota in ruminants. However, information on the effects of dietary concentrate-to-forage ratio changes on yak rumen bacteria and metabolites is limited. This study characterized the effect of three different dietary concentrate-to-forage ratios (50:50, C50 group; 65:35, C65 group; 80:20, C80 group) on yak rumen fluid microbiota and metabolites using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses. Rumen fermentation parameters and the abundance of rumen bacteria were affected by changes in the dietary concentrate-to-forage ratio, and there was a strong correlation between them. At the genus level, higher relative abundances of norank_f__F082, NK4A214_group, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Acetitomaculum, and norank_f__norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014 were observed with a high dietary concentrate-to-forage ratio (P < 0.05). Combined metabolomic and enrichment analyses showed that changes in the dietary concentrate-to-forage ratio significantly affected rumen metabolites related to amino acid metabolism, protein digestion and absorption, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and purine metabolism. Compared with the C50 group, 3-methylindole, pantothenic acid, D-pantothenic acid, and 20-hydroxy-leukotriene E4 were downregulated in the C65 group, while spermine and ribose 1-phosphate were upregulated. Compared to the C50 group, Xanthurenic acid, tyramine, ascorbic acid, D-glucuronic acid, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1a, lipoxin B4, and deoxyadenosine monophosphate were upregulated in the C80 group, while 3-methylindole and 20-hydroxy-leukotriene E4 were downregulated. All metabolites (Xanthurenic acid, L-Valine, N-Acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde, N-Acetyl-L-glutamic acid, Tyramine, 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1a, Lipoxin B4, Xanthosine, Thymine, Deoxyinosine, and Uric acid) were upregulated in the C80 group compared with the C65 group. Correlation analysis of microorganisms and metabolites provided new insights into the function of rumen bacteria, as well as a theoretical basis for formulating more scientifically appropriate feeding strategies for yak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwen Dai
- Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shatuo Chai
- Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shujie Liu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qingxiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenming Zhou,
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Li ZY, Wu G, Qiu C, Zhou ZJ, Wang YP, Song GH, Xiao C, Zhang X, Deng GL, Wang RT, Yang YL, Wang XL. Mechanism and therapeutic strategy of hepatic TM6SF2-deficient non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases via in vivo and in vitro experiments. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:2937-2954. [PMID: 35978872 PMCID: PMC9280743 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i25.2937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of effective pharmacotherapies for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is mainly attributed to insufficient research on its pathogenesis. The pathogenesis of TM6SF2-efficient NAFLD remains unclear, resulting in a lack of therapeutic strategies for TM6SF2-deficient patients.
AIM To investigate the role of TM6SF2 in fatty acid metabolism in the context of fatty liver and propose possible therapeutic strategies for NAFLD caused by TM6SF2 deficiency.
METHODS Liver samples collected from both NAFLD mouse models and human participants (80 cases) were used to evaluate the expression of TM6SF2 by using western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RNA-seq data retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were used to confirm the over-expression of TM6SF2. Knockdown and overexpression of TM6SF2 were performed to clarify the mechanistic basis of hepatic lipid accumulation in NAFLD. MK-4074 administration was used as a therapeutic intervention to evaluate its effect on NAFLD caused by TM6SF2 deficiency.
RESULTS Hepatic TM6SF2 levels were elevated in patients with NAFLD and NAFLD mouse models. TM6SF2 overexpression can reduce hepatic lipid accumulation, suggesting a protective role for TM6SF2 in a high-fat diet (HFD). Downregulation of TM6SF2, simulating the TM6SF2 E167K mutation condition, increases intracellular lipid deposition due to dysregulated fatty acid metabolism and is characterized by enhanced fatty acid uptake and synthesis, accompanied by impaired fatty acid oxidation. Owing to the potential effect of TM6SF2 deficiency on lipid metabolism, the application of an acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor (MK-4074) could reverse the NAFLD phenotypes caused by TM6SF2 deficiency.
CONCLUSION TM6SF2 plays a protective role in the HFD condition; its deficiency enhanced hepatic lipid accumulation through dysregulated fatty acid metabolism, and MK-4074 treatment could alleviate the NAFLD phenotypes caused by TM6SF2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Yin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Institute of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital North, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Yu-Peng Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-He Song
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200041, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Gui-Long Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Rui-Tao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Yu-Long Yang
- Institute of Gallstone Disease, Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
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NAFLD: Mechanisms, Treatments, and Biomarkers. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060824. [PMID: 35740949 PMCID: PMC9221336 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is one of the most common causes of liver diseases worldwide. NAFLD is growing in parallel with the obesity epidemic. No pharmacological treatment is available to treat NAFLD, specifically. The reason might be that NAFLD is a multi-factorial disease with an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms involved, an absence of accurate and inexpensive imaging tools, and lack of adequate non-invasive biomarkers. NAFLD consists of the accumulation of excess lipids in the liver, causing lipotoxicity that might progress to metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanisms for the pathogenesis of NAFLD, current interventions in the management of the disease, and the role of sirtuins as potential targets for treatment are discussed here. In addition, the current diagnostic tools, and the role of non-coding RNAs as emerging diagnostic biomarkers are summarized. The availability of non-invasive biomarkers, and accurate and inexpensive non-invasive diagnosis tools are crucial in the detection of the early signs in the progression of NAFLD. This will expedite clinical trials and the validation of the emerging therapeutic treatments.
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Transcriptomic Analysis of the Molecular Response Mechanism of Microcystis aeruginosa to Iron Limitation Stress. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for cyanobacteria. It is involved in physiological activities such as photosynthesis, respiration, and the synthesis of pigments. The impact of iron limitation on planktonic algae growth occurs in surface oceans globally, as well as in freshwater ecosystems. However, the molecular and physiological effects and response mechanism of cyanobacteria under iron-limited conditions have not been reported in detail. In this study, the effects of iron limitation on the cell density, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic activity of Microcystis aeruginosa were determined, and transcriptome sequencing was undertaken. In a severely iron-deficient environment, the cell density and chlorophyll-a content of M. aeruginosa were significantly lower than in the iron-rich group (a 55.42% and 83.51% reduction, respectively). Similarly, the photosynthetic efficiency of M. aeruginosa was also inhibited by iron deficiency, and the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of the severe iron deficiency group was only 66.72% of the control group. The transcriptome results showed that to cope with the iron-deficient environment, most genes involved in iron absorption and transport in M. aeruginosa were up-regulated. In particular, the fur and perR genes that regulate the iron uptake regulatory protein (Fur) were both up-regulated. Due to the high demand for iron in the photosynthetic electron transport chain of M. aeruginosa, most photosynthesis-related genes were down-regulated, for example, petJ, which regulates iron-containing cytochrome c6. In contrast, most of the genes related to glycolysis and respiration were up-regulated. These changes in gene expression may be a survival strategy for M. aeruginosa to cope with a long-term iron-deficient environment. This study provides insights into the molecular response mechanism of M. aeruginosa under iron limitation stress.
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Oleic acid is an endogenous ligand of TLX/NR2E1 that triggers hippocampal neurogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2023784119. [PMID: 35333654 PMCID: PMC9060471 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023784119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceAdult hippocampal neurogenesis underpins learning, memory, and mood but diminishes with age and certain illnesses. The orphan nuclear receptor TLX/NR2E1 regulates neural stem and progenitor cell self-renewal and proliferation, but its orphan status has hindered its utilization as a therapeutic target to modulate adult neurogenesis. Here, we deorphanize TLX and report that oleic acid is an endogenous, metabolic ligand of TLX. These findings open avenues for future therapeutic modulation of TLX to counteract cognitive and mental decline in aging and diseases associated with decreased neurogenesis.
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Salvatore T, Galiero R, Caturano A, Rinaldi L, Di Martino A, Albanese G, Di Salvo J, Epifani R, Marfella R, Docimo G, Lettieri M, Sardu C, Sasso FC. An Overview of the Cardiorenal Protective Mechanisms of SGLT2 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3651. [PMID: 35409011 PMCID: PMC8998569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors block glucose reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule, an insulin-independent mechanism that plays a critical role in glycemic regulation in diabetes. In addition to their glucose-lowering effects, SGLT2 inhibitors prevent both renal damage and the onset of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular events, in particular heart failure with both reduced and preserved ejection fraction. These unexpected benefits prompted changes in treatment guidelines and scientific interest in the underlying mechanisms. Aside from the target effects of SGLT2 inhibition, a wide spectrum of beneficial actions is described for the kidney and the heart, even though the cardiac tissue does not express SGLT2 channels. Correction of cardiorenal risk factors, metabolic adjustments ameliorating myocardial substrate utilization, and optimization of ventricular loading conditions through effects on diuresis, natriuresis, and vascular function appear to be the main underlying mechanisms for the observed cardiorenal protection. Additional clinical advantages associated with using SGLT2 inhibitors are antifibrotic effects due to correction of inflammation and oxidative stress, modulation of mitochondrial function, and autophagy. Much research is required to understand the numerous and complex pathways involved in SGLT2 inhibition. This review summarizes the current known mechanisms of SGLT2-mediated cardiorenal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Martino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetana Albanese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Jessica Di Salvo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Epifani
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Mediterrannea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Miriam Lettieri
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, 3.31 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
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San-Millan I, Sparagna GC, Chapman HL, Warkins VL, Chatfield KC, Shuff SR, Martinez JL, Brooks GA. Chronic Lactate Exposure Decreases Mitochondrial Function by Inhibition of Fatty Acid Uptake and Cardiolipin Alterations in Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:809485. [PMID: 35308271 PMCID: PMC8931465 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.809485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lactate is an important signaling molecule with autocrine, paracrine and endocrine properties involved in multiple biological processes including regulation of gene expression and metabolism. Levels of lactate are increased chronically in diseases associated with cardiometabolic disease such as heart failure, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Using neonatal ventricular myocytes, we tested the hypothesis that chronic lactate exposure could decrease the activity of cardiac mitochondria that could lead to metabolic inflexibility in the heart and other tissues. Methods Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) were treated for 48 h with 5, 10, or 20 mM lactate and CPT I and II activities were tested using radiolabelled assays. The molecular species profile of the major mitochondrial phospholipid, cardiolipin, was determined using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels measured by Amplex Red and mitochondrial oxygen consumption using the Seahorse analyzer. Results CPT I activity trended downward (p = 0.07) and CPT II activity significantly decreased with lactate exposure (p < 0.001). Cardiolipin molecular species containing four 18 carbon chains (72 carbons total) increased with lactate exposure, but species of other sizes decreased significantly. Furthermore, ROS production was strongly enhanced with lactate (p < 0.001) and mitochondrial ATP production and maximal respiration were both significantly down regulated with lactate exposure (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively). Conclusions Chronic lactate exposure in cardiomyocytes leads to a decrease in fatty acid transport, alterations of cardiolipin remodeling, increases in ROS production and decreases in mitochondrial oxygen consumption that could have implications for both metabolic health and flexibility. The possibility that both intra-, or extracellular lactate levels play roles in cardiometabolic disease, heart failure, and other forms of metabolic inflexibility needs to be assessed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo San-Millan
- Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Genevieve C. Sparagna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hailey L. Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Valerie L. Warkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kathryn C. Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sydney R. Shuff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Janel L. Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - George A. Brooks
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Videla LA, Valenzuela R. Perspectives in liver redox imbalance: Toxicological and pharmacological aspects underlying iron overloading, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and thyroid hormone action. Biofactors 2022; 48:400-415. [PMID: 34687092 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants, leading to a disruption of redox signaling and control, and/or molecular damage altering cellular functions. This redox imbalance may trigger different responses depending on the antioxidant potential of a given cell, the level of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) attained and the time of exposure, with protective effects being induced at low ROS/RNS levels in acute or short-term conditions, and harmful effects after high ROS/RNS exposure in prolonged situations. Relevant conditions underlying liver redox imbalance include iron overload associated with ROS production via Fenton chemistry and the magnitude of the iron labile pool achieved, with low iron exposure inducing protective effects related to nuclear factor-κB, signal transducer and activation of transcription 3, and nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation and upregulation of ferritin, hepcidin, acute-phase response and antioxidant components, whereas high iron exposure causes drastic oxidation of biomolecules, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death due to necrosis, apoptosis and/or ferroptosis. Redox imbalance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to polyunsaturated fatty acid depletion, lipogenic factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c upregulation, fatty acid oxidation-dependent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α downregulation, low antioxidant factor Nrf2 and insulin resistance, a phenomenon that is exacerbated in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis triggering an inflammatory response. Thyroid hormone (T3 ) administration determines liver preconditioning against ischemia-reperfusion injury due to the redox activation of several transcription factors, AMP-activated protein kinase, unfolded protein response and autophagy. High grade liver redox imbalance occurring in severe iron overload is adequately handled by iron chelation, however, that underlying NAFLD/NASH is currently under study in several Phase II and Phase III trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Emanuelli G, Zoccarato A, Reumiller CM, Papadopoulos A, Chong M, Rebs S, Betteridge K, Beretta M, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Shah AM. A roadmap for the characterization of energy metabolism in human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 164:136-147. [PMID: 34923199 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) are an increasingly employed model in cardiac research and drug discovery. As cellular metabolism plays an integral role in determining phenotype, the characterization of the metabolic profile of hiPSC-CM during maturation is crucial for their translational application. In this study we employ a combination of methods including extracellular flux, 13C-glucose enrichment and targeted metabolomics to characterize the metabolic profile of hiPSC-CM during their maturation in culture from 6 weeks, up to 12 weeks. Results show a progressive remodeling of pathways involved in energy metabolism and substrate utilization along with an increase in sarcomere regularity. The oxidative capacity of hiPSC-CM and particularly their ability to utilize fatty acids increased with time. In parallel, relative glucose oxidation was reduced while glutamine oxidation was maintained at similar levels. There was also evidence of increased coupling of glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration, and away from glycolytic branch pathways at later stages of maturation. The rate of glycolysis as assessed by lactate production was maintained at both stages but with significant alterations in proximal glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase and phosphofructokinase. We observed a progressive maturation of mitochondrial oxidative capacity at comparable levels of mitochondrial content between these time-points with enhancement of mitochondrial network structure. These results show that the metabolic profile of hiPSC-CM is progressively restructured, recapitulating aspects of early post-natal heart development. This would be particularly important to consider when employing these cell model in studies where metabolism plays an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Emanuelli
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom; Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumonology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Zoccarato
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Christina M Reumiller
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Papadopoulos
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Chong
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Rebs
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumonology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai Betteridge
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Beretta
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumonology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
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Madduma Hewage S, Au-Yeung KKW, Prashar S, Wijerathne CUB, O K, Siow YL. Lingonberry Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism by Targeting Notch1 Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030472. [PMID: 35326122 PMCID: PMC8944850 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired hepatic lipid metabolism is a hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has no effective treatment option. Recently, Notch signaling has been identified as an important mediator of hepatic lipid metabolism. Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) is an anthocyanin-rich fruit with significant lipid-lowering properties. In this study, we examined how lingonberry influenced Notch signaling and fatty acid metabolism in a mouse model of NAFLD. Mice (C57BL/6J) fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks developed fatty liver and activated hepatic Notch1 signaling. Lingonberry supplementation inhibited hepatic Notch1 signaling and improved lipid profile by improving the expression of the genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. The results were verified using a palmitic-acid-challenged cell model. Similar to the animal data, palmitic acid impaired cellular lipid metabolism and induced Notch1 in HepG2 cells. Lingonberry extract or cyanidin-3-glucoside attenuated Notch1 signaling and decreased intracellular triglyceride accumulation. The inhibition of Notch in the hepatocytes attenuated sterol-regulatory-element-binding-transcription-factor-1 (SREBP-1c)-mediated lipogenesis and increased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I-alpha (CPTIα) and acyl-CoA oxidase1 (ACOX1). Taken together, lingonberry’s hepatoprotective effect is mediated by, in part, improving hepatic lipid metabolism via inhibiting Notch1 signaling in HFD-induced fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susara Madduma Hewage
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Kathy K. W. Au-Yeung
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Suvira Prashar
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Charith U. B. Wijerathne
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Karmin O
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Correspondence: (K.O.); or (Y.L.S.)
| | - Yaw L. Siow
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (S.M.H.); (K.K.W.A.-Y.); (S.P.); (C.U.B.W.)
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Correspondence: (K.O.); or (Y.L.S.)
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Farnesoid X Receptor Deficiency Induces Hepatic Lipid and Glucose Metabolism Disorder via Regulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3589525. [PMID: 35251469 PMCID: PMC8896157 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3589525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptors (FXR) are bile acid receptors that play roles in lipid, glucose, and energy homeostasis. Synthetic FXR-specific agonists have been developed for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. To investigate the effects of FXR on NAFLD and the possible mechanism, FXR-null mice were fed either a normal or a high-fat diet. The FXR-null mice developed hepatomegaly, steatosis, accumulation of lipid droplets in liver cells, glucose metabolism disorder, and elevated serum lipid levels. Transcriptomic results showed increased expression of key lipid synthesis and glucose metabolism-related proteins. We focused on pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), a key enzyme involved in the regulation of glucose and fatty acid (FA) metabolism and homeostasis. Subsequently, we confirmed an increase in PDK4 expression in FXR knockout cells. Moreover, inhibition of PDK4 expression alleviated lipid accumulation in hepatocytes caused by FXR deficiency in vivo and in vitro. Our results identify FXR as a nuclear transcription factor that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism balance through PDK4, providing further insights into the mechanism of FXR agonists in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Niedziela A, Domżalska L, Dynkowska WM, Pernisová M, Rybka K. Aluminum Stress Induces Irreversible Proteomic Changes in the Roots of the Sensitive but Not the Tolerant Genotype of Triticale Seedlings. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11020165. [PMID: 35050053 PMCID: PMC8781804 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triticale is a wheat–rye hybrid with a higher abiotic stress tolerance than wheat and is better adapted for cultivation in light-type soils, where aluminum ions are present as Al-complexes that are harmful to plants. The roots are the first plant organs to contact these ions and the inhibition of root growth is one of the first plant reactions. The proteomes of the root apices in Al-tolerant and -sensitive plants were investigated to compare their regeneration effects following stress. The materials used in this study consisted of seedlings of three triticale lines differing in Al3+ tolerance, first subjected to aluminum ion stress and then recovered. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was used for seedling root protein separation followed by differential spot analysis using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS/MS). The plants’ tolerance to the stress was evaluated based on biometric screening of seedling root regrowth upon regeneration. Our results suggest that the Al-tolerant genotype can recover, without differentiation of proteome profiles, after stress relief, contrary to Al-sensitive genotypes that maintain the proteome modifications caused by unfavorable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Niedziela
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute in Radzików, 05-870 Blonie, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (K.R.); Tel.: +48-227-334-535 (A.N.); +48-227-334-537 (K.R.)
| | - Lucyna Domżalska
- Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin, Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden, Prawdziwka 2, 02-973 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wioletta M. Dynkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute in Radzików, 05-870 Blonie, Poland;
| | - Markéta Pernisová
- Plant Sciences Core Facility, Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Krystyna Rybka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute in Radzików, 05-870 Blonie, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (K.R.); Tel.: +48-227-334-535 (A.N.); +48-227-334-537 (K.R.)
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Avilkina V, Chauveau C, Ghali Mhenni O. Sirtuin function and metabolism: Role in pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue and their crosstalk impacting bone homeostasis. Bone 2022; 154:116232. [PMID: 34678494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are members of the nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent family of enzymes critical for histone deacetylation and posttranslational modification of proteins. Sirtuin family members regulate a wide spectrum of biological processes and are best known for maintaining longevity. Sirtuins are well characterized in metabolic tissues such as the pancreas, liver and adipose tissue (AT). They are regulated by a diverse range of stimuli, including nutrients and metabolic changes within the organism. Indeed, nutrient-associated conditions, such as obesity and anorexia nervosa (AN), were found to be associated with bone fragility development in osteoporosis. Interestingly, it has also been demonstrated that sirtuins, more specifically SIRT1, can regulate bone activity. Various studies have demonstrated the importance of sirtuins in bone in the regulation of bone homeostasis and maintenance of the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. However, to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the negative regulation of bone homeostasis during overnutrition (obesity) or undernutrition, it is crucial to examine a wider picture and to determine the pancreatic, liver and adipose tissue pathway crosstalk responsible for bone loss. Particularly, under AN conditions, sirtuin family members are highly expressed in metabolic tissue, but this phenomenon is reversed in bone, and severe bone loss has been observed in human subjects. AN-associated bone loss may be connected to SIRT1 deficiency; however, additional factors may interfere with bone homeostasis. Thus, in this review, we focus on sirtuin activity in the pancreas, liver and AT in cases of over- and undernutrition, especially the regulation of their secretome by sirtuins. Furthermore, we examine how the secretome of the pancreas, liver and AT affects bone homeostasis, focusing on undernutrition. This review aims to lead to a better understanding of the crosstalk between sirtuins, metabolic organs and bone. In long term prospective it should contribute to promote improvement of therapeutic strategies for the prevention of metabolic diseases and the development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Avilkina
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olfa Ghali Mhenni
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Hala D, Petersen LH, Huggett DB, Puchowicz MA, Brunengraber H, Zhang GF. Overcompensation of CoA Trapping by Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) Metabolites in Livers of Wistar Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413489. [PMID: 34948286 PMCID: PMC8709406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is commonly used as a plasticizer in various industrial and household plastic products, ensuring widespread human exposures. Its routine detection in human bio-fluids and the propensity of its monoester metabolite to activate peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPARα) and perturb lipid metabolism implicate it as a metabolic disrupter. In this study we evaluated the effects of DEHP exposure on hepatic levels of free CoA and various CoA esters, while also confirming the metabolic activation to CoA esters and partial β-oxidation of a DEHP metabolite (2-ethyhexanol). Male Wistar rats were exposed via diet to 2% (w/w) DEHP for fourteen-days, following which hepatic levels of free CoA and various CoA esters were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. DEHP exposed rats showed significantly elevated free CoA and increased levels of physiological, DEHP-derived and unidentified CoA esters. The physiological CoA ester of malonyl-CoA and DEHP-derived CoA ester of 3-keto-2-ethylhexanoyl-CoA were the most highly elevated, at eighteen- and ninety eight-times respectively. We also detected sixteen unidentified CoA esters which may be derivative of DEHP metabolism or induction of other intermediary metabolism metabolites. Our results demonstrate that DEHP is a metabolic disrupter which affects production and sequestration of CoA, an essential cofactor of oxidative and biosynthetic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hala
- Department of Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; (L.H.P.); (D.B.H.)
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77554, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-409-740-4535
| | - Lene H. Petersen
- Department of Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; (L.H.P.); (D.B.H.)
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77554, USA
| | - Duane B. Huggett
- Department of Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; (L.H.P.); (D.B.H.)
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Athens, GA 30601, USA
| | - Michelle A. Puchowicz
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (M.A.P.); (H.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Henri Brunengraber
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (M.A.P.); (H.B.)
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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71
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Fang Y, Duan C, Zhang J, Dai Y, Xia Y. NMR-based untargeted metabolomics approach to investigate the systemic lipid metabolism regulation of norisoboldine in collagen-induced arthritis rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174608. [PMID: 34743982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Norisoboldine (NOR), an isoquinoline alkaloid, has previously been shown to ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) by modulating the function of multiple cells such as T lymphocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes. To further study its anti-arthritis mechanism, the effect of NOR on the systemic metabolism regulation was investigated using an NMR-based untargeted metabolomics approach. CIA model rats were orally administered with NOR (30 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. The alterations of endogenous metabolites in the urine samples were quantified by 1H NMR. While NOR significantly mitigated CIA in rats as evidenced by the reduced clinical scores and histopathological changes, the results indicated that the treatment restored the levels of 22 metabolites that were significantly changed by arthritis, and most of which were related to lipid metabolism. Further studies demonstrated that NOR up-regulated the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) and down-regulated the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) in the spleens and the synovial tissues of CIA rats. Together these results revealed a strong association between RA and the system in metabolic disorders. The differential metabolites and their related pathways may also serve as novel therapeutic targets for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulai Fang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Cong Duan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yufeng Xia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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72
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Bian L, Chen HG, Gong XJ, Zhao C, Zhou X. Mori Fructus Polysaccharides Attenuate Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage by Regulating Fatty Acid Synthesis, Degradation and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:766737. [PMID: 34744745 PMCID: PMC8569108 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.766737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mori Fructus polysaccharides (MFP) are macromolecules extracted from Mori Fructus (MF), which has the biological activity of anti-liver damage. Our group found that MFP maybe down regulate the serum triglyceride level in mice with alcohol-induced liver damage, suggesting that MFP can regulate lipid metabolism, but its specific mechanism is still not clear. Fifty SPF-ICR male mice weighing 18–22 g were randomly divided into five groups, blank group, model group, bifendate group, MFPA1 group and MFPB1 group. The blood and liver tissues were taken from mice for nontargeted lipidomic analysis and histopathological examination after 7 day’s treatment. The histopathological changes indicated that the normal liver cells were intact and regular, with orderly arrangement and distinct cell boundaries; the liver of model mice showed inflammatory infiltration, ballooning degeneration in the cells and small lipid drops; the liver of mice in the bifendate, MFPA1 and MFPB1 groups showed similar symptoms to those of model mice, but the lesions were less severe and the ballooning degeneration were reduced. Multivariate analysis of all lipids in the serum of five groups of mice showed there were obvious differences in lipid metabolism between the model group and the blank group. At the same time, seven kinds of differential lipids were precisely identified after screening, including prostaglandins, long-chain fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, acyl carnitines. In summary, alcohol intake and MFP intervention have significant effects on fatty acid synthesis, degradation and glycerophospholipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Bian
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hua-Guo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Gong
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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73
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Adipose Tissue-Breast Cancer Crosstalk Leads to Increased Tumor Lipogenesis Associated with Enhanced Tumor Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111881. [PMID: 34769312 PMCID: PMC8585035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to identify therapeutic targets for breast cancer by investigating the metabolic symbiosis between breast cancer and adipose tissue. To this end, we compared orthotopic E0771 breast cancer tumors that were in direct contact with adipose tissue with ectopic E0771 tumors in mice. Orthotopic tumors grew faster and displayed increased de novo lipogenesis compared to ectopic tumors. Adipocytes release large amounts of lactate, and we found that both lactate pretreatment and adipose tissue co-culture augmented de novo lipogenesis in E0771 cells. Continuous treatment with the selective FASN inhibitor Fasnall dose-dependently decreased the E0771 viability in vitro. However, daily Fasnall injections were effective only in 50% of the tumors, while the other 50% displayed accelerated growth. These opposing effects of Fasnall in vivo was recapitulated in vitro; intermittent Fasnall treatment increased the E0771 viability at lower concentrations and suppressed the viability at higher concentrations. In conclusion, our data suggest that adipose tissue enhances tumor growth by stimulating lipogenesis. However, targeting lipogenesis alone can be deleterious. To circumvent the tumor's ability to adapt to treatment, we therefore believe that it is necessary to apply an aggressive treatment, preferably targeting several metabolic pathways simultaneously, together with conventional therapy.
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74
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Menghoum N, Oriot P, Hermans MP. Clinical and biochemical characteristics and analysis of risk factors for euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetic individuals treated with SGLT2 inhibitors: A review of 72 cases over a 4.5-year period. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102275. [PMID: 34562870 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To study euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) outcomes associated with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) METHODS: Review of 72 euDKA cases in T2DM between September 2015 and January 2020 (PUBMED). RESULTS euDKA could occur at any time during SGLT2is treatment, with nausea, abdominal pain and vomiting as main symptoms. Hyperglycemia did not correlate with pH and β-hydroxybutyrates. Low pH and high β-hydroxybutyrates were significantly associated with euDKA. In biguanides users, acidosis was unrelated to lactic acidosis. euDKA occurred during fasting, surgery, acute infection, insulin deprivation (endogenous or exogenous). CONCLUSIONS These data support avoidance of euDKA risk states in SGLT2i users.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Menghoum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mouscron Hospital Center, Avenue de Fécamp 49, 7700, Mouscron, Belgium; Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Catholic University of Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Oriot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mouscron Hospital Center, Avenue de Fécamp 49, 7700, Mouscron, Belgium; Department of Diabetology, Mouscron Hospital Centre, Avenue de Fécamp 49, 7700, Mouscron, Belgium.
| | - M P Hermans
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Unit, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, and Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Catholic University of Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
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75
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Li X, Ge J, Li Y, Cai Y, Zheng Q, Huang N, Gu Y, Han Q, Li Y, Sun R, Liu R. Integrative lipidomic and transcriptomic study unravels the therapeutic effects of saikosaponins A and D on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3527-3541. [PMID: 34900534 PMCID: PMC8642447 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most prominent causes of chronic liver diseases and malignancies. However, few therapy has been approved. Radix Bupleuri (RB) is the most frequently used herbal medicine for the treatment of liver diseases. In the current study, we aim to systemically evaluate the therapeutic effects of saikosaponin A (SSa) and saikosaponin D (SSd), the major bioactive monomers in RB, against NAFLD and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that both SSa and SSd improved diet-induced NAFLD. Integrative lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed that SSa and SSd modulated glycerolipid metabolism by regulating related genes, like Lipe and Lipg. SSd profoundly suppressed the fatty acid biosynthesis by downregulating Fasn and Acaca expression and promoted fatty acid degradation by inducing Acox1 and Cpt1a expression. Bioinformatic analysis further predicted the implication of master transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), in the protective effects of SSa and SSd. These results were further confirmed in vitro in mouse primary hepatocytes. In summary, our study uncoded the complicated mechanisms underlying the promising anti-steatosis activities of saikosaponins (SSs), and provided critical evidence inspiring the discovery of innovative therapies based on SSa and SSd for the treatment of NAFLD and related complications.
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76
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Nolan ND, Jenny LA, Wang NK, Tsang SH. Retinal pigment epithelium lipid metabolic demands and therapeutic restoration. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2021; 11:216-220. [PMID: 34703736 PMCID: PMC8493995 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_31_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the defining features of the retina is the tight metabolic coupling between cells such as photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This necessitates the compartmentalization and proper substrate availability required for specialized processes such as photo-transduction. Glucose metabolism is preferential in many human cell types for adenosine triphosphate generation, yet fatty acid β-oxidation generates essential fuel for RPE. Here, we provide a brief overview of metabolic demands in both the healthy and dystrophic RPE with an emphasis on fatty acid oxidation. We outline therapies aimed at renormalizing this metabolism and explore future avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Nolan
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura A Jenny
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nan-Kai Wang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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77
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Guido ME, Monjes NM, Wagner PM, Salvador GA. Circadian Regulation and Clock-Controlled Mechanisms of Glycerophospholipid Metabolism from Neuronal Cells and Tissues to Fibroblasts. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:326-353. [PMID: 34697790 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Along evolution, living organisms developed a precise timekeeping system, circadian clocks, to adapt life to the 24-h light/dark cycle and temporally regulate physiology and behavior. The transcriptional molecular circadian clock and metabolic/redox oscillator conforming these clocks are present in organs, tissues, and even in individual cells, where they exert circadian control over cellular metabolism. Disruption of the molecular clock may cause metabolic disorders and higher cancer risk. The synthesis and degradation of glycerophospholipids (GPLs) is one of the most highly regulated metabolisms across the 24-h cycle in terms of total lipid content and enzyme expression and activity in the nervous system and individual cells. Lipids play a plethora of roles (membrane biogenesis, energy sourcing, signaling, and the regulation of protein-chromatin interaction, among others), making control of their metabolism a vital checkpoint in the cellular organization of physiology. An increasing body of evidence clearly demonstrates an orchestrated and sequential series of events occurring in GPL metabolism across the 24-h day in diverse retinal cell layers, immortalized fibroblasts, and glioma cells. Moreover, the clock gene Per1 and other circadian-related genes are tightly involved in the regulation of GPL synthesis in quiescent cells. However, under proliferation, the metabolic oscillator continues to control GPL metabolism of brain cancer cells even after molecular circadian clock disruption, reflecting the crucial role of the temporal metabolism organization in cell preservation. The aim of this review is to examine the control exerted by circadian clocks over GPL metabolism, their synthesizing enzyme expression and activities in normal and tumorous cells of the nervous system and in immortalized fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario E Guido
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina.
- Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina.
| | - Natalia M Monjes
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Paula M Wagner
- CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica "Ranwel Caputto", Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Salvador
- INIBIBB-UNS-CONICET, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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78
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Tomita Y, Usui-Ouchi A, Nilsson AK, Yang J, Ko M, Hellström A, Fu Z. Metabolism in Retinopathy of Prematurity. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1119. [PMID: 34832995 PMCID: PMC8620873 DOI: 10.3390/life11111119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity is defined as retinal abnormalities that occur during development as a consequence of disturbed oxygen conditions and nutrient supply after preterm birth. Both neuronal maturation and retinal vascularization are impaired, leading to the compensatory but uncontrolled retinal neovessel growth. Current therapeutic interventions target the hypoxia-induced neovessels but negatively impact retinal neurons and normal vessels. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic disturbance is a significant and underexplored risk factor in the disease pathogenesis. Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia correlate with the retinal neurovascular dysfunction in infants born prematurely. Nutritional and hormonal supplementation relieve metabolic stress and improve retinal maturation. Here we focus on the mechanisms through which metabolism is involved in preterm-birth-related retinal disorder from clinical and experimental investigations. We will review and discuss potential therapeutic targets through the restoration of metabolic responses to prevent disease development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Tomita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.T.); (J.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Ayumi Usui-Ouchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba 279-0021, Japan;
| | - Anders K. Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 19 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.K.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Jay Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.T.); (J.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Minji Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.T.); (J.Y.); (M.K.)
| | - Ann Hellström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 19 Gothenburg, Sweden; (A.K.N.); (A.H.)
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.T.); (J.Y.); (M.K.)
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79
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Supruniuk E, Żebrowska E, Chabowski A. Branched chain amino acids-friend or foe in the control of energy substrate turnover and insulin sensitivity? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2559-2597. [PMID: 34542351 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1977910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and their derivatives are bioactive molecules with pleiotropic functions in the human body. Elevated fasting blood BCAA concentrations are considered as a metabolic hallmark of obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, since increased BCAA amount is observed both in metabolically healthy and obese subjects, a question whether BCAA are mechanistic drivers of insulin resistance and its morbidities or only markers of metabolic dysregulation, still remains open. The beneficial effects of BCAA on body weight and composition, aerobic capacity, insulin secretion and sensitivity demand high catabolic potential toward amino acids and/or adequate BCAA intake. On the opposite, BCAA-related inhibition of lipogenesis and lipolysis enhancement may preclude impairment in insulin sensitivity. Thereby, the following review addresses various strategies pertaining to the modulation of BCAA catabolism and the possible roles of BCAA in energy homeostasis. We also aim to elucidate mechanisms behind the heterogeneity of ramifications associated with BCAA modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Żebrowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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80
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CREBH Systemically Regulates Lipid Metabolism by Modulating and Integrating Cellular Functions. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093204. [PMID: 34579081 PMCID: PMC8472586 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein H (CREBH, encoded by CREB3L3) is a membrane-bound transcriptional factor expressed in the liver and small intestine. The activity of CREBH is regulated not only at the transcriptional level but also at the posttranslational level. CREBH governs triglyceride metabolism in the liver by controlling gene expression, with effects including the oxidation of fatty acids, lipophagy, and the expression of apolipoproteins related to the lipoprotein lipase activation and suppression of lipogenesis. The activation and functions of CREBH are controlled in response to the circadian rhythm. On the other hand, intestinal CREBH downregulates the absorption of lipids from the diet. CREBH deficiency in mice leads to severe hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver in the fasted state and while feeding a high-fat diet. Therefore, when crossing CREBH knockout (KO) mice with an atherosclerosis model, low-density lipoprotein receptor KO mice, these mice exhibit severe atherosclerosis. This phenotype is seen in both liver- and small intestine-specific CREBH KO mice, suggesting that CREBH controls lipid homeostasis in an enterohepatic interaction. This review highlights that CREBH has a crucial role in systemic lipid homeostasis to integrate cellular functions related to lipid metabolism.
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81
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Tian M, Hao F, Jin X, Sun X, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Li D, Chang T, Zou Y, Peng P, Xia C, Liu J, Li Y, Wang P, Feng Y, Wei M. ACLY ubiquitination by CUL3-KLHL25 induces the reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism to facilitate iTreg differentiation. eLife 2021; 10:62394. [PMID: 34491895 PMCID: PMC8423445 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible regulatory T (iTreg) cells play a central role in immune suppression. As iTreg cells are differentiated from activated T (Th0) cells, cell metabolism undergoes dramatic changes, including a shift from fatty acid synthesis (FAS) to fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Although the reprogramming in fatty acid metabolism is critical, the mechanism regulating this process during iTreg differentiation is still unclear. Here we have revealed that the enzymatic activity of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) declined significantly during iTreg differentiation upon transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) stimulation. This reduction was due to CUL3-KLHL25-mediated ACLY ubiquitination and degradation. As a consequence, malonyl-CoA, a metabolic intermediate in FAS that is capable of inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme in FAO, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), was decreased. Therefore, ACLY ubiquitination and degradation facilitate FAO and thereby iTreg differentiation. Together, we suggest TGFβ1-CUL3-KLHL25-ACLY axis as an important means regulating iTreg differentiation and bring insights into the maintenance of immune homeostasis for the prevention of immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengqi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Chang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Pinghui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chaoyi Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunpeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Wei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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82
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdeep S Chandel
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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83
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Guerra JVS, Dias MMG, Brilhante AJVC, Terra MF, García-Arévalo M, Figueira ACM. Multifactorial Basis and Therapeutic Strategies in Metabolism-Related Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082830. [PMID: 34444990 PMCID: PMC8398524 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, has been increasing worldwide. Changes in dietary and physical activity patterns, along with genetic conditions, are the main factors that modulate the metabolism of individuals, leading to the development of NCDs. Obesity, diabetes, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are classified in this group of chronic diseases. Therefore, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of these diseases leads us to develop more accurate and effective treatments to reduce or mitigate their prevalence in the population. Given the global relevance of NCDs and ongoing research progress, this article reviews the current understanding about NCDs and their related risk factors, with a focus on obesity, diabetes, MAFLD, and CVDs, summarizing the knowledge about their pathophysiology and highlighting the currently available and emerging therapeutic strategies, especially pharmacological interventions. All of these diseases play an important role in the contamination by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as in the progression and severity of the symptoms of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, we briefly explore the relationship between NCDs and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V. S. Guerra
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marieli M. G. Dias
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
| | - Anna J. V. C. Brilhante
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Maiara F. Terra
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil;
| | - Marta García-Arévalo
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Correspondence: or (M.G.-A.); (A.C.M.F.)
| | - Ana Carolina M. Figueira
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia—R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil; (J.V.S.G.); (M.M.G.D.); (M.F.T.)
- Correspondence: or (M.G.-A.); (A.C.M.F.)
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84
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Zwartjes MSZ, Gerdes VEA, Nieuwdorp M. The Role of Gut Microbiota and Its Produced Metabolites in Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Adipocyte Dysfunction, and Its Interventions. Metabolites 2021; 11:531. [PMID: 34436472 PMCID: PMC8398981 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming an increasing problem worldwide and is often, but not invariably, associated with dyslipidemia. The gut microbiota is increasingly linked to cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, relatively little focus has been attributed to the role of gut-microbiota-derived metabolites in the development of dyslipidemia and alterations in lipid metabolism. In this review, we discuss current data involved in these processes and point out the therapeutic potentials. We cover the ability of gut microbiota metabolites to alter lipoprotein lipase action, VLDL secretion, and plasma triglyceride levels, and its effects on reverse cholesterol transport, adipocyte dysfunction, and adipose tissue inflammation. Finally, the current intervention strategies for treatment of obesity and dyslipidemia is addressed with emphasis on the role of gut microbiota metabolites and its ability to predict treatment efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max S. Z. Zwartjes
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.E.A.G.); (M.N.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Victor E. A. Gerdes
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.E.A.G.); (M.N.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Spaarnepoort 1, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (V.E.A.G.); (M.N.)
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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85
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Coenzyme a Biochemistry: From Neurodevelopment to Neurodegeneration. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081031. [PMID: 34439650 PMCID: PMC8392065 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) is an essential cofactor in all living organisms. It is involved in a large number of biochemical processes functioning either as an activator of molecules with carbonyl groups or as a carrier of acyl moieties. Together with its thioester derivatives, it plays a central role in cell metabolism, post-translational modification, and gene expression. Furthermore, recent studies revealed a role for CoA in the redox regulation by the S-thiolation of cysteine residues in cellular proteins. The intracellular concentration and distribution in different cellular compartments of CoA and its derivatives are controlled by several extracellular stimuli such as nutrients, hormones, metabolites, and cellular stresses. Perturbations of the biosynthesis and homeostasis of CoA and/or acyl-CoA are connected with several pathological conditions, including cancer, myopathies, and cardiomyopathies. In the most recent years, defects in genes involved in CoA production and distribution have been found in patients affected by rare forms of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review, we will summarize the most relevant aspects of CoA cellular metabolism, their role in the pathogenesis of selected neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, and recent advancements in the search for therapeutic approaches for such diseases.
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86
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Jahoor F, Hsu JW, Mehta PB, Keene KR, Gaba R, Mulukutla SN, Caducoy E, Peacock WF, Patel SG, Bennet R, Lernmark A, Balasubramanyam A. Metabolomics Profiling of Patients With A-β+ Ketosis-Prone Diabetes During Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Diabetes 2021; 70:1898-1909. [PMID: 34021044 PMCID: PMC8385613 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
When stable and near-normoglycemic, patients with "A-β+" ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) manifest accelerated leucine catabolism and blunted ketone oxidation, which may underlie their proclivity to develop diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). To understand metabolic derangements in A-β+ KPD patients during DKA, we compared serum metabolomics profiles of adults during acute hyperglycemic crises, without (n = 21) or with (n = 74) DKA, and healthy control subjects (n = 17). Based on 65 kDa GAD islet autoantibody status, C-peptide, and clinical features, 53 DKA patients were categorized as having KPD and 21 type 1 diabetes (T1D); 21 nonketotic patients were categorized as having type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with KPD and patients with T1D had higher counterregulatory hormones and lower insulin-to-glucagon ratio than patients with T2D and control subjects. Compared with patients withT2D and control subjects, patients with KPD and patients with T1D had lower free carnitine and higher long-chain acylcarnitines and acetylcarnitine (C2) but lower palmitoylcarnitine (C16)-to-C2 ratio; a positive relationship between C16 and C2 but negative relationship between carnitine and β-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB); higher branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and their ketoacids but lower ketoisocaproate (KIC)-to-Leu, ketomethylvalerate (KMV)-to-Ile, ketoisovalerate (KIV)-to-Val, isovalerylcarnitine-to-KIC+KMV, propionylcarnitine-to-KIV+KMV, KIC+KMV-to-C2, and KIC-to-BOHB ratios; and lower glutamate and 3-methylhistidine. These data suggest that during DKA, patients with KPD resemble patients with T1D in having impaired BCAA catabolism and accelerated fatty acid flux to ketones-a reversal of their distinctive BCAA metabolic defect when stable. The natural history of A-β+ KPD is marked by chronic but varying dysregulation of BCAA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farook Jahoor
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jean W Hsu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Paras B Mehta
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kelly R Keene
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Ben Taub General Hospital, Harris Health System, Houston, TX
| | - Ruchi Gaba
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Ben Taub General Hospital, Harris Health System, Houston, TX
| | | | - Eunice Caducoy
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - W Frank Peacock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Ben Taub General Hospital, Harris Health System, Houston, TX
| | - Sanjeet G Patel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Rasmus Bennet
- Unit for Diabetes and Celiac Disease, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Ake Lernmark
- Unit for Diabetes and Celiac Disease, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Ben Taub General Hospital, Harris Health System, Houston, TX
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87
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Li Z, Lu S, Li X. The role of metabolic reprogramming in tubular epithelial cells during the progression of acute kidney injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5731-5741. [PMID: 34185125 PMCID: PMC11073237 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common clinical syndromes. AKI is associated with significant morbidity and subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. Thus, it is urgent to develop a strategy to hinder AKI progression. Renal tubules are responsible for the reabsorption and secretion of various solutes and the damage to this part of the nephron is a key mediator of AKI. As we know, many common renal insults primarily target the highly metabolically active proximal tubular cells (PTCs). PTCs are the most energy-demanding cells in the kidney. The ATP that they use is mostly produced in their mitochondria by fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). But, when PTCs face various biological stresses, FAO will shut down for a time that outlives injury. Recent studies have suggested that surviving PTCs can adapt to FAO disruption by increasing glycolysis when facing metabolic constraints, although PTCs do not perform glycolysis in a normal physiological state. Enhanced glycolysis in a short period compensates for impaired energy production and exerts partial renal-protective effects, but its long-term effect on renal function and AKI progression is not promising. Deranged FAO and enhanced glycolysis may contribute to the AKI to CKD transition through different molecular biological mechanisms. In this review, we concentrate on the recent pathological findings of AKI with regards to the metabolic reprogramming in PTCs, confirming that targeting metabolic reprogramming represents a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for the progression of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- Medicial Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Shan Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
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88
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Bae J, Paltzer WG, Mahmoud AI. The Role of Metabolism in Heart Failure and Regeneration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:702920. [PMID: 34336958 PMCID: PMC8322239 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.702920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the leading cause of death worldwide. The inability of the adult mammalian heart to regenerate following injury results in the development of systolic heart failure. Thus, identifying novel approaches toward regenerating the adult heart has enormous therapeutic potential for adult heart failure. Mitochondrial metabolism is an essential homeostatic process for maintaining growth and survival. The emerging role of mitochondrial metabolism in controlling cell fate and function is beginning to be appreciated. Recent evidence suggests that metabolism controls biological processes including cell proliferation and differentiation, which has profound implications during development and regeneration. The regenerative potential of the mammalian heart is lost by the first week of postnatal development when cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle and become terminally differentiated. This inability to regenerate following injury is correlated with the metabolic shift from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation that occurs during heart maturation in the postnatal heart. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that regulate cardiac metabolism is key to unlocking metabolic interventions during development, disease, and regeneration. In this review, we will focus on the emerging role of metabolism in cardiac development and regeneration and discuss the potential of targeting metabolism for treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Bae
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Wyatt G Paltzer
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ahmed I Mahmoud
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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89
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Long-Chain Acylcarnitines Decrease the Phosphorylation of the Insulin Receptor at Tyr1151 Through a PTP1B-Dependent Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126470. [PMID: 34208786 PMCID: PMC8235348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of lipid intermediates may interfere with energy metabolism pathways and regulate cellular energy supplies. As increased levels of long-chain acylcarnitines have been linked to insulin resistance, we investigated the effects of long-chain acylcarnitines on key components of the insulin signalling pathway. We discovered that palmitoylcarnitine induces dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor (InsR) through increased activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Palmitoylcarnitine suppresses protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation at Ser473, and this effect is not alleviated by the inhibition of PTP1B by the insulin sensitizer bis-(maltolato)-oxovanadium (IV). This result indicates that palmitoylcarnitine affects Akt activity independently of the InsR phosphorylation level. Inhibition of protein kinase C and protein phosphatase 2A does not affect the palmitoylcarnitine-mediated inhibition of Akt Ser473 phosphorylation. Additionally, palmitoylcarnitine markedly stimulates insulin release by suppressing Akt Ser473 phosphorylation in insulin-secreting RIN5F cells. In conclusion, long-chain acylcarnitines activate PTP1B and decrease InsR Tyr1151 phosphorylation and Akt Ser473 phosphorylation, thus limiting the cellular response to insulin stimulation.
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90
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Guilherme A, Yenilmez B, Bedard AH, Henriques F, Liu D, Lee A, Goldstein L, Kelly M, Nicoloro SM, Chen M, Weinstein L, Collins S, Czech MP. Control of Adipocyte Thermogenesis and Lipogenesis through β3-Adrenergic and Thyroid Hormone Signal Integration. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107598. [PMID: 32375048 PMCID: PMC7676427 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we show that β adrenergic signaling coordinately upregulates de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and thermogenesis in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT), and both effects are blocked in mice lacking the cAMP-generating G protein-coupled receptor Gs (Adipo-GsαKO) in adipocytes. However, UCP1 expression but not DNL activation requires rapamycin-sensitive mTORC1. Furthermore, β3-adrenergic agonist CL316243 readily upregulates thermogenic but not lipogenic genes in cultured adipocytes, indicating that additional regulators must operate on DNL in sWAT in vivo. We identify one such factor as thyroid hormone T3, which is elevated locally by adrenergic signaling. T3 administration to wild-type mice enhances both thermogenesis and DNL in sWAT. Mechanistically, T3 action on UCP1 expression in sWAT depends upon cAMP and is blocked in Adipo-GsαKO mice even as elevated DNL persists. Thus, T3 enhances sWAT thermogenesis by amplifying cAMP signaling, while its control of adipocyte DNL can be mediated independently of both cAMP and rapamycin-sensitive mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson Guilherme
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Batuhan Yenilmez
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Alexander H Bedard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Felipe Henriques
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Dianxin Liu
- Departments of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, and Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alexandra Lee
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Lauren Goldstein
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mark Kelly
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sarah M Nicoloro
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1752, USA
| | - Lee Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1752, USA
| | - Sheila Collins
- Departments of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, and Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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91
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You X, Tian J, Zhang H, Guo Y, Yang J, Zhu C, Song M, Wang P, Liu Z, Cancilla J, Lu W, Glorieux C, Wen S, Du H, Huang P, Hu Y. Loss of mitochondrial aconitase promotes colorectal cancer progression via SCD1-mediated lipid remodeling. Mol Metab 2021; 48:101203. [PMID: 33676027 PMCID: PMC8042449 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial aconitase (ACO2) is an essential enzyme that bridges the TCA cycle and lipid metabolism. However, its role in cancer development remains to be elucidated. The metabolic subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC) was recently established. We investigated ACO2's potential role in CRC progression through mediating metabolic alterations. METHODS We compared the mRNA and protein expression of ACO2 between paired CRC and non-tumor tissues from 353 patients. Correlations between ACO2 levels and clinicopathological features were examined. CRC cell lines with knockdown or overexpression of ACO2 were analyzed for cell proliferation and tumor growth. Metabolomics and stable isotope tracing analyses were used to study the metabolic alterations induced by loss of ACO2. RESULTS ACO2 decreased in >50% of CRC samples compared with matched non-tumor tissues. Decreased ACO2 levels correlated with advanced disease stage (P < 0.001) and shorter patient survival (P < 0.001). Knockdown of ACO2 in CRC cells promoted cell proliferation and tumor formation, while ectopic expression of ACO2 restrained tumor growth. Specifically, blockade of ACO2 caused a reduction in TCA cycle intermediates and suppression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in an increase in glycolysis and elevated citrate flux for fatty acid and lipid synthesis. Increased citrate flux induced upregulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1), which enhanced lipid desaturation in ACO2-deficent cells to favor colorectal cancer growth. Pharmacological inhibition of SCD selectively reduced tumor formation of CRC with ACO2 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that the rewiring metabolic pathway maintains CRC survival during compromised TCA cycles and characterized the therapeutic vulnerability of lipid desaturation in a meaningful subset of CRC with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin You
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China; Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Jingyu Tian
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China; Sun Yat-sen University Metabolomics Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China; Sun Yat-sen University Metabolomics Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yunhua Guo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China; Sun Yat-sen University Metabolomics Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Chaofeng Zhu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Ming Song
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Zexian Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | | | - Wenhua Lu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China; Sun Yat-sen University Metabolomics Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Christophe Glorieux
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Shijun Wen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Hongli Du
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China; Sun Yat-sen University Metabolomics Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Yumin Hu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China; Sun Yat-sen University Metabolomics Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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Rumora AE, Guo K, Alakwaa FM, Andersen ST, Reynolds EL, Jørgensen ME, Witte DR, Tankisi H, Charles M, Savelieff MG, Callaghan BC, Jensen TS, Feldman EL. Plasma lipid metabolites associate with diabetic polyneuropathy in a cohort with type 2 diabetes. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1292-1307. [PMID: 33955722 PMCID: PMC8164865 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The global rise in type 2 diabetes is associated with a concomitant increase in diabetic complications. Diabetic polyneuropathy is the most frequent type 2 diabetes complication and is associated with poor outcomes. The metabolic syndrome has emerged as a major risk factor for diabetic polyneuropathy; however, the metabolites associated with the metabolic syndrome that correlate with diabetic polyneuropathy are unknown. METHODS We conducted a global metabolomics analysis on plasma samples from a subcohort of participants from the Danish arm of Anglo-Danish-Dutch study of Intensive Treatment of Diabetes in Primary Care (ADDITION-Denmark) with and without diabetic polyneuropathy versus lean control participants. RESULTS Compared to lean controls, type 2 diabetes participants had significantly higher HbA1c (p = 0.0028), BMI (p = 0.0004), and waist circumference (p = 0.0001), but lower total cholesterol (p = 0.0001). Out of 991 total metabolites, we identified 15 plasma metabolites that differed in type 2 diabetes participants by diabetic polyneuropathy status, including metabolites belonging to energy, lipid, and xenobiotic pathways, among others. Additionally, these metabolites correlated with alterations in plasma lipid metabolites in type 2 diabetes participants based on neuropathy status. Further evaluating all plasma lipid metabolites identified a shift in abundance, chain length, and saturation of free fatty acids in type 2 diabetes participants. Importantly, the presence of diabetic polyneuropathy impacted the abundance of plasma complex lipids, including acylcarnitines and sphingolipids. INTERPRETATION Our explorative study suggests that diabetic polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetes is associated with novel alterations in plasma metabolites related to lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Rumora
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Kai Guo
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNorth Dakota
| | - Fadhl M. Alakwaa
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | | | - Evan L. Reynolds
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Marit E. Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center CopenhagenGentofteDenmark
- University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Daniel R. Witte
- Department of Public HealthAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Danish Diabetes AcademyOdenseDenmark
| | - Hatice Tankisi
- Department of Clinical NeurophysiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Morten Charles
- Department of Public HealthAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Masha G. Savelieff
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Brian C. Callaghan
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Troels S. Jensen
- Danish Pain Research CenterDepartment of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging TherapiesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
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93
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Schühle K, Saft M, Vögeli B, Erb TJ, Heider J. Benzylmalonyl-CoA dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in bacterial auxin degradation. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4149-4159. [PMID: 34059946 PMCID: PMC8360864 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel acyl-CoA dehydrogenase involved in degradation of the auxin indoleacetate by Aromatoleum aromaticum was identified as a decarboxylating benzylmalonyl-CoA dehydrogenase (IaaF). It is encoded within the iaa operon coding for enzymes of indoleacetate catabolism. Using enzymatically produced benzylmalonyl-CoA, the reaction was characterized as simultaneous oxidation and decarboxylation of benzylmalonyl-CoA to cinnamoyl-CoA and CO2. Oxygen served as electron acceptor and was reduced to H2O2, whereas electron transfer flavoprotein or artificial dyes serving as electron acceptors for other acyl-CoA dehydrogenases were not used. The enzyme is homotetrameric, contains an FAD cofactor and is enantiospecific in benzylmalonyl-CoA turnover. It shows high catalytic efficiency and strong substrate inhibition with benzylmalonyl-CoA, but otherwise accepts only a few medium-chain alkylmalonyl-CoA compounds as alternative substrates with low activities. Its reactivity of oxidizing 2-carboxyacyl-CoA with simultaneous decarboxylation is unprecedented and indicates a modified reaction mechanism for acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, where elimination of the 2-carboxy group replaces proton abstraction from C2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karola Schühle
- Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Saft
- Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Vögeli
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias J Erb
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,LOEWE-Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johann Heider
- Laboratory for Microbial Biochemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany. .,LOEWE-Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.
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94
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Palombo V, Alharthi A, Batistel F, Parys C, Guyader J, Trevisi E, D'Andrea M, Loor JJ. Unique adaptations in neonatal hepatic transcriptome, nutrient signaling, and one-carbon metabolism in response to feeding ethyl cellulose rumen-protected methionine during late-gestation in Holstein cows. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:280. [PMID: 33865335 PMCID: PMC8053294 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methionine (Met) supply during late-pregnancy enhances fetal development in utero and leads to greater rates of growth during the neonatal period. Due to its central role in coordinating nutrient and one-carbon metabolism along with immune responses of the newborn, the liver could be a key target of the programming effects induced by dietary methyl donors such as Met. To address this hypothesis, liver biopsies from 4-day old calves (n = 6/group) born to Holstein cows fed a control or the control plus ethyl-cellulose rumen-protected Met for the last 28 days prepartum were used for DNA methylation, transcriptome, metabolome, proteome, and one-carbon metabolism enzyme activities. RESULTS Although greater withers and hip height at birth in Met calves indicated better development in utero, there were no differences in plasma systemic physiological indicators. RNA-seq along with bioinformatics and transcription factor regulator analyses revealed broad alterations in 'Glucose metabolism', 'Lipid metabolism, 'Glutathione', and 'Immune System' metabolism due to enhanced maternal Met supply. Greater insulin sensitivity assessed via proteomics, and efficiency of transsulfuration pathway activity suggested beneficial effects on nutrient metabolism and metabolic-related stress. Maternal Met supply contributed to greater phosphatidylcholine synthesis in calf liver, with a role in very low density lipoprotein secretion as a mechanism to balance metabolic fates of fatty acids arising from the diet or adipose-depot lipolysis. Despite a lack of effect on hepatic amino acid (AA) transport, a reduction in metabolism of essential AA within the liver indicated an AA 'sparing effect' induced by maternal Met. CONCLUSIONS Despite greater global DNA methylation, maternal Met supply resulted in distinct alterations of hepatic transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome profiles after birth. Data underscored an effect on maintenance of calf hepatic Met homeostasis, glutathione, phosphatidylcholine and taurine synthesis along with greater efficiency of nutrient metabolism and immune responses. Transcription regulators such as FOXO1, PPARG, E2F1, and CREB1 appeared central in the coordination of effects induced by maternal Met. Overall, maternal Met supply induced better immunometabolic status of the newborn liver, conferring the calf a physiologic advantage during a period of metabolic stress and suboptimal immunocompetence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Palombo
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, via De Sanctis snc, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Abdulrahman Alharthi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fernanda Batistel
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Claudia Parys
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, 63457, Essen, Germany
| | - Jessie Guyader
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, 63457, Essen, Germany
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Mariasilvia D'Andrea
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, via De Sanctis snc, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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95
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Shatoor AS, Al Humayed S, Almohiy HM. Short-term administration of C. aronia stimulates insulin signaling, suppresses fatty acids metabolism, and increases glucose uptake and utilization in the hearts of healthy rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1966-1977. [PMID: 33732083 PMCID: PMC7938129 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of Crataegus aronia (C. aronia) aqueous extract on cardiac substrate utilization and insulin signaling in adult male healthy Wistar rats. Rats (n = 18/group) were either administered normal saline (vehicle) or treated with C. aronia aqueous extract (200 mg/kg) for 7 days, daily. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were not significantly changed in C. aronia-treated rats but were significantly reduced after both the intraperitoneal glucose or insulin tolerance tests. Besides, C. aronia significantly increased the left ventricular (LV) activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), two markers of glycolysis and glucose oxidation, respectively, and suppressed the levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), an inhibitor of PDH. Concomitantly, it significantly reduced the LV levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) and PPARα, two markers of fatty acid (FAs) oxidations. Under basal and insulin stimulation, C. aronia aqueous extract boosted insulin signaling in the LV of rats by increasing the protein levels of p-IRS (Tyr612) and p-Akt (Ser473) and suppressing protein levels of p-mTOR (Ser 2448) and p-IRS (Ser307). In parallel, C. aronia also increased the protein levels of GLUT-4 in the membrane fraction of the treated LVs. All these effects were also associated with a significant increase in AMPK activity (phosphorylation at Thr172), a major energy modulator that stimulates glucose utilization. In conclusion, short-term administration of C. aronia aqueous extract shifts the cardiac metabolism toward glucose utilization, thus making this plant a potential therapeutic medication in cardiac disorders with impaired metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Shatoor
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Al Humayed
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain M Almohiy
- Depatrtment of Radiology Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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96
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Ma C, Wang Z, Xia R, Wei L, Zhang C, Zhang J, Zhao L, Wu H, Kang L, Yang S. Danthron ameliorates obesity and MAFLD through activating the interplay between PPARα/RXRα heterodimer and adiponectin receptor 2. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111344. [PMID: 33581653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic associated fatty liver diseases (MAFLD) are strongly associated with dysfunction of glucose and lipid metabolism. AMPKα and PPARα are key regulators in the lipid and glucose homeostasis, indicating that novel agents to activate them are promising therapeutic approaches for metabolic syndrome. Noticeably, as a natural anthraquinone derivative extracted from rhubarb, danthron can activate AMPKα in vitro. However, the protective effect of danthron on obesity and associated MAFLD in vivo, as well as the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, obesity and associated MAFLD was induced in C57BL/6J mice by high fat diet (HFD), which were subjected to evaluations on the parameters of systematic metabolism. Simultaneously, the molecular mechanism of danthron on lipid metabolism was investigated in 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes and HepG2 cells in vitro. In vivo, danthron significantly attenuated the obesity and MAFLD by enhancing hepatic fatty acid oxidation, decreasing lipid synthesis, and promoting mitochondrial homeostasis. Mechanistically, danthron significantly promoted combination of RXRα and PPARα, enhanced the binding of RXRα/PPARα heterodimer to the promoter of adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2), by which activating the AMPKα and PPARα pathway. Moreover, PPARα and AdipoR2 can interplay in a loop style. Collectively, this study demonstrates that danthron can substantially ameliorate obesity and associated hepatic steatosis via AdipoR2-mediated dual PPARα/AMPKα activation, which suggests that danthron might be a novel therapeutic approach for inhibition of obesity and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrui Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ronglin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingling Wei
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Linna Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China; Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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97
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Yang S, Qin C, Hu ZW, Zhou LQ, Yu HH, Chen M, Bosco DB, Wang W, Wu LJ, Tian DS. Microglia reprogram metabolic profiles for phenotype and function changes in central nervous system. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 152:105290. [PMID: 33556540 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to various types of environmental and cellular stress, microglia rapidly activate and exhibit either pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes to maintain tissue homeostasis. Activation of microglia can result in changes in morphology, phagocytosis capacity, and secretion of cytokines. Furthermore, microglial activation also induces changes to cellular energy demand, which is dependent on the metabolism of various metabolic substrates including glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids. Accumulating evidence demonstrates metabolic reprogramming acts as a key driver of microglial immune response. For instance, microglia in pro-inflammatory states preferentially use glycolysis for energy production, whereas, cells in anti-inflammatory states are mainly powered by oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding microglial metabolic pathways under physiological and pathological circumtances. We will then discuss how metabolic reprogramming can orchestrate microglial response to a variety of central nervous system pathologies. Finally, we highlight how manipulating metabolic pathways can reprogram microglia towards beneficial functions, and illustrate the therapeutic potential for inflammation-related neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zi-Wei Hu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Luo-Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hai-Han Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Man Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dale B Bosco
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America.
| | - Dai-Shi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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98
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Weisell J, Ruotsalainen AK, Näpänkangas J, Jauhiainen M, Rysä J. Menaquinone 4 increases plasma lipid levels in hypercholesterolemic mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3014. [PMID: 33542347 PMCID: PMC7862223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) progressive valvular calcification causes aortic valve dysfunction. CAVD has several risk factors such as age and dyslipidemia. Vitamin K was shown to inhibit vascular calcification in mice and valvular calcification in patients with CAVD. We studied the effect of menaquinone 4 (MK4/vitamin K2) on valvular calcification in the hypercholesterolemic mouse model of CAVD. LDLr−/−ApoB100/100 male mice were fed with a Western diet for 5 months, with (n = 10) or without (n = 10) added 0.2 mg/g MK4. Body weight gain was followed weekly. Morphology of aortic valves and liver was assessed with immunohistochemistry. Plasma cholesterol levels and cytokines from hepatic tissue were assessed in the end of the study. Hepatic gene expression of lipid metabolism regulating genes were assessed after 18 h diet. MK4 exacerbated the lipoprotein lipid profile without affecting aortic valve morphology in hypercholesterolemic LDLr−/− ApoB100/100 mice. The MK4-containing WD diet increased plasma levels of LDL and triglycerides, hepatic steatosis, and mRNA expression of genes required for triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis. MK4 diminished levels of several cytokines and chemokines in liver, including IL-6, TNFα and MCP1, as measured by hepatic cytokine array. Consequently, MK4 may exert non-beneficial effects on circulating lipid levels, especially in hypercholesterolemic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Weisell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Kaisa Ruotsalainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Näpänkangas
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Rysä
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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99
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Zhao S, Peralta RM, Avina-Ochoa N, Delgoffe GM, Kaech SM. Metabolic regulation of T cells in the tumor microenvironment by nutrient availability and diet. Semin Immunol 2021; 52:101485. [PMID: 34462190 PMCID: PMC8545851 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) for the treatment of cancer have generated excitement over their ability to yield durable, and potentially curative, responses in a multitude of cancers. These findings have established that the immune system is capable of eliminating tumors and led us to a better, albeit still incomplete, understanding of the mechanisms by which tumors interact with and evade destruction by the immune system. Given the central role of T cells in immunotherapy, elucidating the cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors that govern T cell function in tumors will facilitate the development of immunotherapies that establish durable responses in a greater number of patients. One such factor is metabolism, a set of fundamental cellular processes that not only sustains cell survival and proliferation, but also serves as a means for cells to interpret their local environment. Nutrient sensing is critical for T cells that must infiltrate into a metabolically challenging tumor microenvironment and expand under these harsh conditions to eliminate cancerous cells. Here we introduce T cell exhaustion with respect to cellular metabolism, followed by a discussion of nutrient availability at the tumor and organismal level in relation to T cell metabolism and function to provide rationale for the study and targeting of metabolism in anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Zhao
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronal M Peralta
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natalia Avina-Ochoa
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Susan M Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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100
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Dykstra H, Fisk C, LaRose C, Waldhart A, Meng X, Zhao G, Wu N. Mouse long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 is active as a monomer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 700:108773. [PMID: 33485846 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are essential cellular building blocks and a major energy source. Regardless of their metabolic fate, fatty acids first need to be activated by forming a thioester with a coenzyme A group. This reaction is carried out by acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs), of which ACSL1 (long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1) is an important member. Two bacterial homologues of ACSL1 crystal structures have been solved previously. One is a soluble dimeric protein, and the other is a monomeric peripheral membrane protein. The mammalian ACSL1 is a membrane protein with an N-terminal transmembrane helix. To characterize the mammalian ACSL1, we purified the full-length mouse ACSL1 and reconstituted it into lipid nanodiscs. Using enzymatic assays, mutational analysis, and cryo-electron microscopy, we show that mouse ACSL1 is active as a monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsea Fisk
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Cassi LaRose
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | | | - Xing Meng
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Gongpu Zhao
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Ning Wu
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
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