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Xu H, Zou Q, Yang G, Jiang S, Fang H, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Wang N, Chen X. MdMYB6 regulates anthocyanin formation in apple both through direct inhibition of the biosynthesis pathway and through substrate removal. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:72. [PMID: 32377362 PMCID: PMC7195469 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin biosynthesis and sugar metabolism are important processes during plant growth, but the molecular interactions underlying these pathways are still unclear. In this work, we analyzed the anthocyanin and soluble sugar contents, as well as the transcript levels of transcription factors that are known to be related to the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in 'Hongcui 1' apple flesh during fruit development. Overexpression of MdMYB6 in red-fleshed calli was found to reduce anthocyanin content and result in downregulated expression of the MdANS and MdGSTF12 proteins. Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift analyses showed that MdMYB6 could directly bind to the promoters of MdANS and MdGSTF12, indicating that MdMYB6 could inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis by regulating MdANS and MdGSTF12. Overexpression of MdTMT1 in the Arabidopsis tmt1 mutant restored the glucose and fructose contents to the wild-type levels, while overexpression of MdTMT1 in red-fleshed calli increased the contents of glucose and fructose but reduced the contents of UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, and anthocyanin. Using a GUS reporter system, yeast one-hybrid, chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift analyses, we found that MdMYB6 could bind to the promoter of MdTMT1, resulting in increased promoter activity. Overexpression of MdMYB6 in calli overexpressing MdTMT1 increased the expression of MdTMT1, which led to reduced contents of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose and decreased anthocyanin content compared to those of the calli that overexpressed MdTMT1. This finding suggested that MdMYB6 could also inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis by regulating MdTMT1 to decrease the contents of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose. Taken together, these results showed that MdMYB6 and MdTMT1 play key roles in both anthocyanin biosynthesis and sugar transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Qi Zou
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Guanxian Yang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Shenghui Jiang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Yicheng Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Tai’an, 271018 China
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Ren R, Yue X, Li J, Xie S, Guo S, Zhang Z. Coexpression of Sucrose Synthase and the SWEET Transporter, Which Are Associated With Sugar Hydrolysis and Transport, Respectively, Increases the Hexose Content in Vitis vinifera L. Grape Berries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:321. [PMID: 32457764 PMCID: PMC7221319 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The sugar content of grape berries is affected by many factors. To explore the hexose content in different cultivars, the photosynthesis, vegetative, and reproductive biomass, as well as the enzyme activities and expression levels of genes related to sugar metabolism and sugar contents were measured. Samples were collected 70-110 days after anthesis (DAA), from Riesling (RI), Petit Manseng (PM), and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) berries cultivated in the field. The results indicated that high expression levels of VvSWEET15 and VvSS3 and a high activity of sucrose synthase (SS) are associated with a higher hexose content in the berries of PM than in the berries of the other two cultivars. These genes promoted hexose accumulation in the berries by regulating sugar hydrolysis and transport. The results of this study indicate that active sugar hydrolysis and transport increase the hexose content of PM berries, which provides insights for grape berry quality improvement and breeding projects in wine production. Main Conclusion: The active VvSS3, sucrose synthase (SS), and VvSWEET15 increases the hexose content in Petit Manseng berries, which are associated with sugar hydrolysis and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Ren
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yue
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Junnan Li
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sha Xie
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuihuan Guo
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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53
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Cai Y, Yan J, Tu W, Deng Z, Dong W, Gao H, Xu J, Zhang N, Yin L, Meng Q, Zhang Y. Expression of Sucrose Transporters from Vitis vinifera Confer High Yield and Enhances Drought Resistance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072624. [PMID: 32283825 PMCID: PMC7177370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sucrose is the predominant form of sugar transported from photosynthetic (source) to non-photosynthetic (sink) organs in higher plants relying on the transporting function of sucrose transporters (SUTs or SUCs). Many SUTs have been identified and characterized in both monocots and dicots. However, the function of sucrose transporters (SUTs or SUCs) from Vitis is not clear. As the world’s most planted grape species, Vitis vinifera owns three sucrose transport activity verified SUTs. In this study, we constructed three kinds of VvSUC (Vitis vinifera SUC)-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis. VvSUC-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis was cultured on sucrose-supplemented medium. VvSUC11- and VvSUC12-overexpressing lines had similar thrived growth phenotypes, whereas the size and number of leaves and roots from VvSUC27-overexpressing lines were reduced compared with that of WT. When plants were cultured in soil, all SUT transgenic seedlings produced more number of leaves and siliques, resulting in higher yield (38.6% for VvSUC12-transformants) than that of WT. Besides, VvSUC27-transformants and VvSUC11-transformants enhanced drought resistance in Arabidopsis, providing a promising target for crop improvement
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Cai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (J.Y.); (W.T.); (Z.D.); (W.D.); (H.G.); (J.X.); (N.Z.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crops Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (J.Y.); (W.T.); (Z.D.); (W.D.); (H.G.); (J.X.); (N.Z.)
| | - Wenrui Tu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (J.Y.); (W.T.); (Z.D.); (W.D.); (H.G.); (J.X.); (N.Z.)
| | - Zhefang Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (J.Y.); (W.T.); (Z.D.); (W.D.); (H.G.); (J.X.); (N.Z.)
| | - Wenjie Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (J.Y.); (W.T.); (Z.D.); (W.D.); (H.G.); (J.X.); (N.Z.)
| | - Han Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (J.Y.); (W.T.); (Z.D.); (W.D.); (H.G.); (J.X.); (N.Z.)
| | - Jinxu Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (J.Y.); (W.T.); (Z.D.); (W.D.); (H.G.); (J.X.); (N.Z.)
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (J.Y.); (W.T.); (Z.D.); (W.D.); (H.G.); (J.X.); (N.Z.)
| | - Ling Yin
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Key Lab, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Qingyong Meng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- The State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.C.); (J.Y.); (W.T.); (Z.D.); (W.D.); (H.G.); (J.X.); (N.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-62737465
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54
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Fang T, Peng Y, Rao Y, Li S, Zeng L. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Sugar Transporter (ST) Gene Family in Longan ( Dimocarpus longan L.). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030342. [PMID: 32182715 PMCID: PMC7154848 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are nutrients and important signal molecules in higher plants. Sugar transporters (ST) play important role not only in long-distance transport of sugar, but also in sugar accumulations in sink cells. Longan (Dimocarpus longan L.) is one of the most important commercial tropical/subtropical evergreen fruit species in Southeast Asia. In this study, a total of 52 longan sugar transporter (DlST) genes were identified and they were divided into eight clades according to phylogenetic analysis. Out of these 52 DlST genes, many plant hormones (e.g., MeJA and gibberellin), abiotic (e.g., cold and drought), and biotic stress responsive element exist in their promoter region. Gene structure analysis exhibited that each of the clades have closely associated gene architectural features based on similar number or length of exons. The numbers of DlSTs, which exhibited alternative splicing (AS) events, in flower bud is more than that in other tissues. Expression profile analysis revealed that ten DlST members may regulate longan flowerbud differentiation. In silico expression profiles in nine longan organs indicated that some DlST genes were tissue specificity and further qRT-PCR analysis suggested that the transcript level of seven DlSTs (DlINT3, DlpGlcT1, DlpGlcT2, DlPLT4, DlSTP1, DlVGT1 and DlVGT2) was consistent with sugar accumulation in fruit, indicating that they might be involved in sugar accumulations during longan fruit development. Our findings will contribute to a better understanding of sugar transporters in woody plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.R.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.R.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ya Rao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.R.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shenghao Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.R.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lihui Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (T.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.R.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Genetics and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: 86-591-8378-9281
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55
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Peng Q, Wang L, Ogutu C, Liu J, Liu L, Mollah MDA, Han Y. Functional Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Role of PpTST1 Encoding Tonoplast Sugar Transporter in Sugar Accumulation of Peach Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1112. [PMID: 32046163 PMCID: PMC7038102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar content is related to fruit sweetness, and the complex mechanisms underlying fruit sugar accumulation still remain elusive. Here, we report a peach PpTST1 gene encoding tonoplast sugar transporter that is located in the quantitative trait loci (QTL) interval on Chr5 controlling fruit sucrose content. One derived Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (dCAPS) marker was developed based on a nonsynonymous G/T variant in the third exon of PpTST1. Genotyping of peach cultivars with the dCAPS marker revealed a significant difference in fruit sugar content among genotypes. PpTST1 is located in the tonoplast, and substitution of glutamine by histidine caused by the G/T variation has no impact on subcellular location. The expression profile of PpTST1 exhibited a consistency with the sugar accumulation pattern, and its transient silencing significantly inhibited sugar accumulation in peach fruits. All of these results demonstrated the role of PpTST1 in regulating sugar accumulation in peach fruit. In addition, cis-elements for binding of MYB and WRKY transcript factors were found in the promoter sequence of PpTST1, suggesting a gene regulatory network of fruit sugar accumulation. Our results are not only helpful for understanding the mechanisms underlying fruit sugar accumulation, but will also be useful for the genetic improvement of fruit sweetness in peach breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Collins Ogutu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Md. Dulal Ali Mollah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Sino-African Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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56
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Wang Z, Wei X, Yang J, Li H, Ma B, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Cheng L, Ma F, Li M. Heterologous expression of the apple hexose transporter MdHT2.2 altered sugar concentration with increasing cell wall invertase activity in tomato fruit. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:540-552. [PMID: 31350935 PMCID: PMC6953210 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sugar transporters are necessary to transfer hexose from cell wall spaces into parenchyma cells to boost hexose accumulation to high concentrations in fruit. Here, we have identified an apple hexose transporter (HTs), MdHT2.2, located in the plasma membrane, which is highly expressed in mature fruit. In a yeast system, the MdHT2.2 protein exhibited high 14 C-fructose and 14 C-glucose transport activity. In transgenic tomato heterologously expressing MdHT2.2, the levels of both fructose and glucose increased significantly in mature fruit, with sugar being unloaded via the apoplastic pathway, but the level of sucrose decreased significantly. Analysis of enzyme activity and the expression of genes related to sugar metabolism and transport revealed greatly up-regulated expression of SlLIN5, a key gene encoding cell wall invertase (CWINV), as well as increased CWINV activity in tomatoes transformed with MdHT2.2. Moreover, the levels of fructose, glucose and sucrose recovered nearly to those of the wild type in the sllin5-edited mutant of the MdHT2.2-expressing lines. However, the overexpression of MdHT2.2 decreased hexose levels and increased sucrose levels in mature leaves and young fruit, suggesting that the response pathway for the apoplastic hexose signal differs among tomato tissues. The present study identifies a new HTs in apple that is able to take up fructose and glucose into cells and confirms that the apoplastic hexose levels regulated by HT controls CWINV activity to alter carbohydrate partitioning and sugar content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Horticulture/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Xiaoyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Horticulture/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Jingjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Horticulture/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Huixia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Horticulture/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Baiquan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Horticulture/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Kaikai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Horticulture/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi ProvinceYanglingChina
| | - Lailiang Cheng
- Section of HorticultureSchool of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Horticulture/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Mingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Horticulture/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of AppleNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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Breia R, Conde A, Pimentel D, Conde C, Fortes AM, Granell A, Gerós H. VvSWEET7 Is a Mono- and Disaccharide Transporter Up-Regulated in Response to Botrytis cinerea Infection in Grape Berries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1753. [PMID: 32047506 PMCID: PMC6996298 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The newly-identified SWEETs are high-capacity, low-affinity sugar transporters with important roles in numerous physiological mechanisms where sugar efflux is critical. SWEETs are desirable targets for manipulation by pathogens and their expression may be transcriptionally reprogrammed during infection. So far, few plant SWEET transporters have been functionally characterized, especially in grapevine. In this study, in the Botrytis-susceptible variety "Trincadeira," we thoroughly analyzed modifications in the gene expression profile of key SWEET genes in Botrytis cinerea-infected grape berries. VvSWEET7 and VvSWEET15 are likely to play an important role during fruit development and Botrytis infection as they are strongly expressed at the green and mature stage, respectively, and were clearly up-regulated in response to infection. Also, B. cinerea infection down-regulated VvSWEET17a expression at the green stage, VvSWEET10 and VvSWEET17d expression at the veraison stage, and VvSWEET11 expression at the mature stage. VvSWEET7 was functionally characterized by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a low-affinity, high-capacity glucose and sucrose transporter with a K m of 15.42 mM for glucose and a K m of 40.08 mM for sucrose. VvSWEET7-GFP and VvSWEET15-GFP fusion proteins were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells and confocal microscopy allowed to observe that both proteins clearly localize to the plasma membrane. In sum, VvSWEETs transporters are important players in sugar mobilization during grape berry development and their expression is transcriptionally reprogrammed in response to Botrytis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Breia
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Artur Conde
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Diana Pimentel
- University of Lisbon, Lisbon Science Faculty, BioISI, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Conde
- i3S-Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- University of Lisbon, Lisbon Science Faculty, BioISI, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonio Granell
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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58
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Li YM, Forney C, Bondada B, Leng F, Xie ZS. The Molecular Regulation of Carbon Sink Strength in Grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:606918. [PMID: 33505415 PMCID: PMC7829256 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.606918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sink organs, the net receivers of resources from source tissues, provide food and energy for humans. Crops yield and quality are improved by increased sink strength and source activity, which are affected by many factors, including sugars and hormones. With the growing global population, it is necessary to increase photosynthesis into crop biomass and yield on a per plant basis by enhancing sink strength. Sugar translocation and accumulation are the major determinants of sink strength, so understanding molecular mechanisms and sugar allocation regulation are conducive to develop biotechnology to enhance sink strength. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is an excellent model to study the sink strength mechanism and regulation for perennial fruit crops, which export sucrose from leaves and accumulates high concentrations of hexoses in the vacuoles of fruit mesocarp cells. Here recent advances of this topic in grape are updated and discussed, including the molecular biology of sink strength, including sugar transportation and accumulation, the genes involved in sugar mobilization and their regulation of sugar and other regulators, and the effects of hormones on sink size and sink activity. Finally, a molecular basis model of the regulation of sugar accumulation in the grape is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Mei Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Charles Forney
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Bhaskar Bondada
- Wine Science Center, Washington State University, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Feng Leng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Sen Xie
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhao-Sen Xie,
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59
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Pagliarani C, Boccacci P, Chitarra W, Cosentino E, Sandri M, Perrone I, Mori A, Cuozzo D, Nerva L, Rossato M, Zuccolotto P, Pezzotti M, Delledonne M, Mannini F, Gribaudo I, Gambino G. Distinct Metabolic Signals Underlie Clone by Environment Interplay in "Nebbiolo" Grapes Over Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1575. [PMID: 31867031 PMCID: PMC6904956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Several research studies were focused to understand how grapevine cultivars respond to environment; nevertheless, the biological mechanisms tuning this phenomenon need to be further deepened. Particularly, the molecular processes underlying the interplay between clones of the same cultivar and environment were poorly investigated. To address this issue, we analyzed the transcriptome of berries from three "Nebbiolo" clones grown in different vineyards, during two ripening seasons. RNA-sequencing data were implemented with analyses of candidate genes, secondary metabolites, and agronomical parameters. This multidisciplinary approach helped to dissect the complexity of clone × environment interactions, by identifying the molecular responses controlled by genotype, vineyard, phenological phase, or a combination of these factors. Transcripts associated to sugar signalling, anthocyanin biosynthesis, and transport were differently modulated among clones, according to changes in berry agronomical features. Conversely, genes involved in defense response, such as stilbene synthase genes, were significantly affected by vineyard, consistently with stilbenoid accumulation. Thus, besides at the cultivar level, clone-specific molecular responses also contribute to shape the agronomic features of grapes in different environments. This reveals a further level of complexity in the regulation of genotype × environment interactions that has to be considered for orienting viticultural practices aimed at enhancing the quality of grape productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pagliarani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Boccacci
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Walter Chitarra
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Centre of Viticultural and Enology Research (CREA-VE), Conegliano, Italy
| | | | - Marco Sandri
- DMS StatLab, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Irene Perrone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Danila Cuozzo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Luca Nerva
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Centre of Viticultural and Enology Research (CREA-VE), Conegliano, Italy
| | - Marzia Rossato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Zuccolotto
- Big&Open Data Innovation Laboratory, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mario Pezzotti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Franco Mannini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Ivana Gribaudo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gambino
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Italy
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60
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Integrative analysis reveals evolutionary patterns and potential functions of SWEET transporters in Euphorbiaceae. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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61
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Coetzee ZA, Walker RR, Liao S, Barril C, Deloire AJ, Clarke SJ, Tyerman SD, Rogiers SY. Expression Patterns of Genes Encoding Sugar and Potassium Transport Proteins Are Simultaneously Upregulated or Downregulated When Carbon and Potassium Availability Is Modified in Shiraz (Vitis vinifera L.) Berries. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2331-2342. [PMID: 31290973 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A link between the accumulation of sugar and potassium has previously been described for ripening grape berries. The functional basis of this link has, as of yet, not been elucidated but could potentially be associated with the integral role that potassium has in phloem transport. An experiment was conducted on Shiraz grapevines in a controlled environment. The accumulation of berry sugar was curtailed by reducing the leaf photoassimilation rate, and the availability of potassium was increased through soil fertilization. The study characterizes the relationship between the accumulation of sugar and potassium into the grape berry and describes how their accumulation patterns are related to the expression patterns of their transporter proteins. A strong connection was observed between the accumulation of sugar and potassium in the grape berry pericarp, irrespective of the treatment. The relative expression of proteins associated with sugar and potassium transport across the tonoplast and plasma membrane was closely correlated, suggesting transcriptional coregulation leading to the simultaneous translocation and storage of potassium and sugar in the grape berry cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelmari A Coetzee
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rob R Walker
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Siyang Liao
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
| | - Celia Barril
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, Australia
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Alain J Deloire
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Simon J Clarke
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
| | - Suzy Y Rogiers
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga, Australia
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62
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Cardot C, Mappa G, La Camera S, Gaillard C, Vriet C, Lecomte P, Ferrari G, Coutos-Thévenot P. Comparison of the Molecular Responses of Tolerant, Susceptible and Highly Susceptible Grapevine Cultivars During Interaction With the Pathogenic Fungus Eutypa lata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:991. [PMID: 31428114 PMCID: PMC6690011 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Eutypa lata is the causal agent of eutypa dieback, one of the most destructive grapevine trunk disease that causes severe economic losses in vineyards worldwide. This fungus causes brown sectorial necrosis in wood which affect the vegetative growth. Despite intense research efforts made in the past years, no cure currently exists for this disease. Host responses to eutypa dieback are difficult to address because E. lata is a wood pathogen that causes foliar symptoms several years after infection. With the aim to classify the level of susceptibility of grapevine cultivars to the foliar symptoms caused by E. lata, artificial inoculations of Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Ugni Blanc were conducted over 3 years. Merlot was the most tolerant cultivar, whereas Ugni Blanc and Cabernet Sauvignon exhibited higher and differential levels of susceptibility. We took advantage of their contrasting phenotypes to explore their defense responses, including the activation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, oxylipin and phenylpropanoid pathways and the accumulation of stilbenes. These analyses were carried out using the millicell system that enables the molecular dialogue between E. lata mycelium and grapevine leaves to take place without physical contact. Merlot responded to E. lata by inducing the expression of a large number of defense-related genes. On the contrary, Ugni Blanc failed to activate such defense responses despite being able to perceive the fungus. To gain insight into the role of carbon partitioning in E. lata infected grapevine, we monitored the expression of plant genes involved in sugar transport and cleavage, and measured invertase activities. Our results evidence a coordinated up-regulation of VvHT5 and VvcwINV genes, and a stimulation of the cell wall invertase activity in leaves of Merlot elicited by E. lata, but not in Ugni Blanc. Altogether, this study indicates that the degree of cultivar susceptibility is associated with the activation of host defense responses, including extracellular sucrolytic machinery and hexose uptake during the grapevine/E. lata interaction. Given the role of these activities in governing carbon allocation through the plant, we postulate that the availability of sugar resources for either the host or the fungus is crucial for the outcome of the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Cardot
- SEVE, Laboratoire Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement, UMR EBI, CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- INRA, UMR 1065 SAVE (Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble), Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- BNIC (Bureau National Interprofessionnel du Cognac – Station Viticole), Cognac, France
| | - Gaetan Mappa
- SEVE, Laboratoire Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement, UMR EBI, CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Sylvain La Camera
- SEVE, Laboratoire Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement, UMR EBI, CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Cécile Gaillard
- SEVE, Laboratoire Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement, UMR EBI, CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Cécile Vriet
- SEVE, Laboratoire Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement, UMR EBI, CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Pascal Lecomte
- INRA, UMR 1065 SAVE (Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble), Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Gérald Ferrari
- BNIC (Bureau National Interprofessionnel du Cognac – Station Viticole), Cognac, France
| | - Pierre Coutos-Thévenot
- SEVE, Laboratoire Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement, UMR EBI, CNRS 7267, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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63
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Kong W, An B, Zhang Y, Yang J, Li S, Sun T, Li Y. Sugar Transporter Proteins (STPs) in Gramineae Crops: Comparative Analysis, Phylogeny, Evolution, and Expression Profiling. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060560. [PMID: 31181814 PMCID: PMC6628381 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar transporter proteins (STPs), such as H+/sugar symporters, play essential roles in plants’ sugar transport, growth, and development, and possess an important potential to enhance plants’ performance of multiple agronomic traits, especially crop yield and stress tolerance. However, the evolutionary dynamics of this important gene family in Gramineae crops are still not well-documented and functional differentiation of rice STP genes remain unclear. To address this gap, we conducted a comparative genomic study of STP genes in seven representative Gramineae crops, which are Brachypodium distachyon (Bd), Hordeum vulgare (Hv), Setaria italica (Si), Sorghum bicolor (Sb), Zea mays (Zm), Oryza rufipogon (Or), and Oryza sativa ssp. japonica (Os). In this case, a total of 177 STP genes were identified and grouped into four clades. Of four clades, the Clade I, Clade III, and Clade IV showed an observable number expansion compared to Clade II. Our results of identified duplication events and divergence time of duplicate gene pairs indicated that tandem, Whole genome duplication (WGD)/segmental duplication events play crucial roles in the STP gene family expansion of some Gramineae crops (expect for Hv) during a long-term evolutionary process. However, expansion mechanisms of the STP gene family among the tested species were different. Further selective force studies revealed that the STP gene family in Gramineae crops was under purifying selective forces and different clades and orthologous groups with different selective forces. Furthermore, expression analysis showed that rice STP genes play important roles not only in flower organs development but also under various abiotic stresses (cold, high-temperature, and submergence stresses), blast infection, and wounding. The current study highlighted the expansion and evolutionary patterns of the STP gene family in Gramineae genomes and provided some important messages for the future functional analysis of Gramineae crop STP genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Baoguang An
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China. Yue.Zhang-@whu.edu.cn
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Shuangmiao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Tong Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yangsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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64
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Savoi S, Herrera JC, Forneck A, Griesser M. Transcriptomics of the grape berry shrivel ripening disorder. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:285-301. [PMID: 30941542 PMCID: PMC6542784 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The lower expression at veraison of several ripening master regulators "switch genes" can play a central role in the induction of the berry shrivel ripening physiological disorder in grapevine. Berry shrivel (BS) is a ripening physiological disorder affecting grape berry with visible symptoms appearing after veraison. Berry shrivel leads to shrinking berries with a reduced weight and a lower content of sugars and anthocyanins. In this study, for the first time a transcriptomic analysis coupled with selected metabolites quantification was undertaken to understand the metabolic modifications induced by the disorder. Different stages of berry development were considered including pre- and symptomatic berries. No metabolic alterations in the berry transcriptome and in the metabolite content was observed in pre-symptomatic and pre-veraison samples. Interestingly, at veraison, with still not visible symptoms appearing on the berry, a subset of genes, called switch genes previously suggested as master regulators of the ripening onset in grape berries, were strongly lower expressed in BS. Later during the ripening phase and with visible symptoms of the disorder, more than 3000 genes were differentially expressed. The genes up-regulated were related to hormone biosynthesis, response to stress and the phenylpropanoid pathway, while the genes down-regulated during ripening belonged mainly to the flavonoid pathway, and the sugar metabolism. In agreement, BS berries showed lower content of sugars and anthocyanins from the onset of veraison onward, while the amount of acids was not significantly affected. In conclusion, these results highlight a pivotal role of the switch genes in grapevine ripening, as well as their possible contribution to induce the ripening disorder berry shrivel, although it remains unclear whether this is part of the cause or consequences of the BS disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Savoi
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Jose Carlos Herrera
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Astrid Forneck
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Michaela Griesser
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
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65
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Kuang L, Chen S, Guo Y, Ma H. Quantitative Proteome Analysis Reveals Changes in the Protein Landscape During Grape Berry Development With a Focus on Vacuolar Transport Proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:641. [PMID: 31156689 PMCID: PMC6530609 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The vacuole plays a central role in fruit growth and quality formation, yet its proteomic landscape is largely unknown. In the present study, a protocol for isolating intact vacuoles from grape flesh tissue was successfully established. Quantitative proteome analysis identified 2533 proteins from five sampling dates along Cabernet Sauvignon berry development from stage I to III; among them, 1443 proteins were identified on all five sampling dates in at least two biological replicates per sample and were designated core proteome, and 1820 were recruited as differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) by sequential pairwise comparisons using arbitrary fold change of >1.5 and P < 0.05. Metabolism consistently constituted the largest category of identified proteins for both core proteome and DAPs, together with a consistently high proportion of protein-fate category proteins, indicating that the classic lytic functions of vegetative cell vacuoles are maintained throughout berry development; accumulation of metabolites involved in high sugar and other berry qualities in the late developmental stage added to the conventional lytic role of the flesh cell vacuoles. Overall increases in abundance of the DAPs were seen in the transporter proteins, membrane fusion/vesicle trafficking, and protein-fate categories, and decreased abundance was seen for DAPs in the stress, energy and cytoskeleton categories as berry development progressed. A very pronounced proteomic change was revealed between late stage I and mid stage II, with 915 increased and 114 decreased DAPs, demonstrating a significant surge of the vacuolar proteome underlying the rather static phenotypical and physiological phase. We identified 161 transport proteins with differential abundance, including proton pumps, aquaporins, sugar transporters, ATP-binding cassette transporters and ion transport proteins, together with organic compound transport proteins, the highest number and variety of berry tonoplast transporters found in grape proteome efforts to date. We further found a pre-positive increment of 96 transport proteins from the middle of stage II, before the berry undergoes its dramatic physiological changes at and following véraison. Our results are the first to describe the proteome of a vacuole-enriched preparation, toward understanding the functions of the largest compartment in berry cells during grape growth and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Kuang
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqin Ma
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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66
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Cai Y, Yan J, Li Q, Deng Z, Liu S, Lu J, Zhang Y. Sucrose transporters of resistant grapevine are involved in stress resistance. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:111-132. [PMID: 30806883 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The whole promoter regions of SUTs in Vitis were firstly isolated. SUTs are involved in the adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. The vulnerability of Vitis vinifera to abiotic and biotic stresses limits its yields. In contrast, Vitis amurensis displays resistance to environmental stresses, such as microbial pathogens, low temperatures, and drought. Sucrose transporters (SUTs) are important regulators for plant growth and stress tolerance; however, the role that SUTs play in stress resistance in V. amurensis is not known. Using V. amurensis Ruper. 'Zuoshan-1' and V. vinifera 'Chardonnay', we found that SUC27 was highly expressed in several vegetative organs of Zuoshan-1, SUC12 was weakly expressed or absent in most organs in both the species, and the distribution of SUC11 in source and sink organs was highest in Zuoshan-1. A search for cis-regulatory elements in the promoter sequences of SUTs revealed that they were regulated by light, environmental stresses, physiological correlation, and hormones. The SUTs in Zuoshan-1 mostly show a higher and rapid response than in Chardonnay under the induction by Plasmopara viticola infection, cold, water deficit, and dark conditions. The induction of SUTs was associated with the upregulation of key genes involved in sucrose metabolism and the biosynthesis of plant hormones. These results indicate that stress resistance in Zuoshan-1 is governed by the differential distribution and induction of SUTs by various stimuli, and the subsequent promotion of sucrose metabolism and hormone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Cai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qike Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhefang Deng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoli Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Lu
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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67
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Zhang Z, Zou L, Ren C, Ren F, Wang Y, Fan P, Li S, Liang Z. VvSWEET10 Mediates Sugar Accumulation in Grapes. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10040255. [PMID: 30925768 PMCID: PMC6523336 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar accumulation is a critical event during grape berry ripening that determines the grape market values. Berry cells are highly dependent on sugar transporters to mediate cross-membrane transport. However, the role of sugar transporters in improving sugar accumulation in berries is not well established in grapes. Herein we report that a Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET), that is, VvSWEET10, was strongly expressed at the onset of ripening (véraison) and can improve grape sugar content. VvSWEET10 encodes a plasma membrane-localized transporter, and the heterologous expression of VvSWEET10 indicates that VvSWEET10 is a hexose-affinity transporter and has a broad spectrum of sugar transport functions. VvSWEET10 overexpression in grapevine calli and tomatoes increased the glucose, fructose, and total sugar levels significantly. The RNA sequencing results of grapevine transgenic calli showed that many sugar transporter genes and invertase genes were upregulated and suggest that VvSWEET10 may mediate sugar accumulation. These findings elucidated the role of VvSWEET10 in sugar accumulation and will be beneficial for the improvement of grape berry quality in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Luming Zou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chong Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fengrui Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Peige Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China.
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, and CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100093, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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68
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Deng X, An B, Zhong H, Yang J, Kong W, Li Y. A Novel Insight into Functional Divergence of the MST Gene Family in Rice Based on Comprehensive Expression Patterns. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10030239. [PMID: 30897847 PMCID: PMC6470851 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugars are critical for plant growth and development as suppliers of carbon and energy, as signal molecules, or as solute molecules for osmotic homeostasis. Monosaccharide transporter (MST) genes are involved in various processes of plant growth and development as well as in response to abiotic stresses. However, the evolution and their roles of MST genes in growth and development and in coping with abiotic stresses in rice are poorly known. Here, we identified 64 MST genes in rice genome, which are classified into seven subfamilies: STP, PLT, AZT, ERD, pGlcT, INT, and XTPH. MST genes are not evenly distributed between chromosomes (Chrs) with a bias to Chr 3, 4, 7, and 11, which could be a result of duplication of fragments harboring MST genes. In total, 12 duplication events were found in the rice MST family, among which, two pairs were derived from fragmental duplications and ten pairs were from tandem duplications. The synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates of duplicate gene pairs demonstrated that the MST family was under a strong negative selection during the evolution process. Furthermore, a comprehensive expression analysis conducted in 11 different tissues, three abiotic stresses, five hormone treatments, and three sugar treatments revealed different expression patterns of MST genes and indicated diversified functions of them. Our results suggest that MST genes play important roles not only in various abiotic stresses but also in hormone and sugar responses. The present results will provide a vital insight into the functional divergence of the MST family in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Baoguang An
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Hua Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Weilong Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yangsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Minio A, Massonnet M, Figueroa-Balderas R, Vondras AM, Blanco-Ulate B, Cantu D. Iso-Seq Allows Genome-Independent Transcriptome Profiling of Grape Berry Development. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:755-767. [PMID: 30642874 PMCID: PMC6404599 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.201008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptomics has been widely applied to study grape berry development. With few exceptions, transcriptomic studies in grape are performed using the available genome sequence, PN40024, as reference. However, differences in gene content among grape accessions, which contribute to phenotypic differences among cultivars, suggest that a single reference genome does not represent the species' entire gene space. Though whole genome assembly and annotation can reveal the relatively unique or "private" gene space of any particular cultivar, transcriptome reconstruction is a more rapid, less costly, and less computationally intensive strategy to accomplish the same goal. In this study, we used single molecule-real time sequencing (SMRT) to sequence full-length cDNA (Iso-Seq) and reconstruct the transcriptome of Cabernet Sauvignon berries during berry ripening. In addition, short reads from ripening berries were used to error-correct low-expression isoforms and to profile isoform expression. By comparing the annotated gene space of Cabernet Sauvignon to other grape cultivars, we demonstrate that the transcriptome reference built with Iso-Seq data represents most of the expressed genes in the grape berries and includes 1,501 cultivar-specific genes. Iso-Seq produced transcriptome profiles similar to those obtained after mapping on a complete genome reference. Together, these results justify the application of Iso-Seq to identify cultivar-specific genes and build a comprehensive reference for transcriptional profiling that circumvents the necessity of a genome reference with its associated costs and computational weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Minio
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Mélanie Massonnet
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | | | - Amanda M Vondras
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | | | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
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Zhang W, Wang S, Yu F, Tang J, Shan X, Bao K, Yu L, Wang H, Fei Z, Li J. Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of SWEET genes in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) reveal their roles in chilling and clubroot disease responses. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:93. [PMID: 30696401 PMCID: PMC6352454 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SWEET proteins are a group of sugar transporters that play a role in sugar efflux during a range of biological processes, including stress responses. However, there has been no comprehensive analysis of the SWEET family genes in Brassica oleracea (BoSWEET), and the evolutionary pattern, phylogenetic relationship, gene characteristics of BoSWEET genes and their expression patterns under biotic and abiotic stresses remain largely unexplored. RESULTS A total of 30 BoSWEET genes were identified and divided into four clades in B. oleracea. Phylogenetic analysis of the BoSWEET proteins indicated that clade II formed first, followed by clade I, clade IV and clade III, successively. Clade III, the newest clade, shows signs of rapid expansion. The Ks values of the orthologous SWEET gene pairs between B. oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana ranged from 0.30 to 0.45, which estimated that B. oleracea diverged from A. thaliana approximately 10 to 15 million years ago. Prediction of transmembrane regions showed that eight BoSWEET proteins contain one characteristic MtN3_slv domain, twenty-one contain two, and one has four. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that five BoSWEET genes from clades III and IV exhibited reduced expression levels under chilling stress. Additionally, the expression levels of six BoSWEET genes were up-regulated in roots of a clubroot-susceptible cabbage cultivar (CS-JF1) at 7 days after inoculation with Plasmodiophora brassicae compared with uninoculated plants, indicating that these genes may play important roles in transporting sugars into sink roots associated with P. brassicae colonization in CS-JF1. Subcellular localization analysis of a subset of BoSWEET proteins indicated that they are localized in the plasma membrane. CONCLUSIONS This study provides important insights into the evolution of the SWEET gene family in B. oleracea and other species, and represents the first study to characterize phylogenetic relationship, gene structures and expression patterns of the BoSWEET genes. These findings provide new insights into the complex transcriptional regulation of BoSWEET genes, as well as potential candidate BoSWEET genes that promote sugar transport to enhance chilling tolerance and clubroot disease resistance in cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangwei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Shan
- Zhenjiang Agricultural Research Institute, Jurong, Jiangsu 212400 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kan Bao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Li Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Jianbin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 People’s Republic of China
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Paulsen PA, Custódio TF, Pedersen BP. Crystal structure of the plant symporter STP10 illuminates sugar uptake mechanism in monosaccharide transporter superfamily. Nat Commun 2019; 10:407. [PMID: 30679446 PMCID: PMC6345825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are dependent on controlled sugar uptake for correct organ development and sugar storage, and apoplastic sugar depletion is a defense strategy against microbial infections like rust and mildew. Uptake of glucose and other monosaccharides is mediated by Sugar Transport Proteins, proton-coupled symporters from the Monosaccharide Transporter (MST) superfamily. We present the 2.4 Å structure of Arabidopsis thaliana high affinity sugar transport protein, STP10, with glucose bound. The structure explains high affinity sugar recognition and suggests a proton donor/acceptor pair that links sugar transport to proton translocation. It contains a Lid domain, conserved in all STPs, that locks the mobile transmembrane domains through a disulfide bridge, and creates a protected environment which allows efficient coupling of the proton gradient to drive sugar uptake. The STP10 structure illuminates fundamental principles of sugar transport in the MST superfamily with implications for both plant antimicrobial defense, organ development and sugar storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Aasted Paulsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tânia F Custódio
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Panyella Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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72
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Zhang W, Wang S, Yu F, Tang J, Yu L, Wang H, Li J. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of Sugar Transporter Protein (STP) Family Genes in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) Reveals their Involvement in Clubroot Disease Responses. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E71. [PMID: 30669698 PMCID: PMC6356595 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar transporter protein (STP) genes are involved in multiple biological processes, such as plant responses to various stresses. However, systematic analysis and functional information of STP family genes in Brassica oleracea are very limited. A comprehensive analysis was carried out to identify BoSTP genes and dissect their phylogenetic relationships and to investigate the expression profiles in different organs and in response to the clubroot disease. A total of 22 BoSTP genes were identified in the B. oleracea genome and they were further classified into four clades based on the phylogenetic analysis. All the BoSTP proteins harbored the conserved sugar transporter (Sugar_tr, PF00083) domain, and the majority of them contained 12 transmembrane helices (TMHs). Rates of synonymous substitution in B. oleracea relative to Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that STP genes of B. oleracea diverged from those of A. thaliana approximately 16.3 million years ago. Expression profiles of the BoSTP genes in different organs derived from RNA-Seq data indicated that a large number of the BoSTP genes were expressed in specific organs. Additionally, the expression of BoSTP4b and BoSTP12 genes were induced in roots of the clubroot-susceptible cabbage (CS-JF1) at 28 days after inoculation with Plasmodiophora brassicae, compared with mock-inoculated plants. We speculated that the two BoSTPs might be involved in monosaccharide unloading and carbon partitioning associated with P. brassicae colonization in CS-JF1. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that the two BoSTP proteins were localized in the cell membrane. This study provides insights into the evolution and potential functions of BoSTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Shenyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Fangwei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Li Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jianbin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Cultrera NGM, Sarri V, Lucentini L, Ceccarelli M, Alagna F, Mariotti R, Mousavi S, Ruiz CG, Baldoni L. High Levels of Variation Within Gene Sequences of Olea europaea L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1932. [PMID: 30671076 PMCID: PMC6331486 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene sequence variation in cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea), the most important oil tree crop of the Mediterranean basin, has been poorly evaluated up to now. A deep sequence analysis of fragments of four genes, OeACP1, OeACP2, OeLUS and OeSUT1, in 90 cultivars, revealed a wide range of polymorphisms along all recognized allele forms and unexpected allele frequencies and genotype combinations. High linkage values among most polymorphisms were recorded within each gene fragment. The great sequence variability corresponded to a low number of alleles and, surprisingly, to a small fraction of genotype combinations. The distribution, frequency, and combination of the different alleles at each locus is possibly due to natural and human pressures, such as selection, ancestrality, or fitness. Phylogenetic analyses of allele sequences showed distant and complex patterns of relationships among cultivated olives, intermixed with other related forms, highlighting an evolutionary connection between olive cultivars and the O. europaea subspecies cuspidata and cerasiformis. This study demonstrates how a detailed and complete sequence analysis of a few gene portions and a thorough genotyping on a representative set of cultivars can clarify important issues related to sequence polymorphisms, reconstructing the phylogeny of alleles, as well as the genotype combinations. The identification of regions representing blocks of recombination could reveal polymorphisms that represent putatively functional markers. Indeed, specific mutations found on the analyzed OeACP1 and OeACP2 fragments seem to be correlated to the fruit weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò G. M. Cultrera
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vania Sarri
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Livia Lucentini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marilena Ceccarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Alagna
- ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Trisaia Research Center, Rotondella, Italy
| | - Roberto Mariotti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Soraya Mousavi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Luciana Baldoni
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
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Scano A, Ebau F, Manca ML, Cabras V, Cesare Marincola F, Manconi M, Pilloni M, Fadda AM, Ennas G. Novel drug delivery systems for natural extracts: The case study of Vitis Vinifera extract-SiO 2 nanocomposites. Int J Pharm 2018; 551:84-96. [PMID: 30194010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ball Milling technique has been used to prepare for the first time Vitis Vinifera extract-silica nanocomposites (VV-SiO2 NCs), which combine the pharmacological effects of the extract with the effectiveness of silica as drug delivery system and active component in the treatment of wound healing. Different contents (1.0, 9.0 and 33.0 wt%) of Vitis Vinifera ethanolic extract were loaded into the silica matrix by grinding the extract with fumed silica using a planetary mill apparatus. The effect of the starting mixture composition and milling time on the final products was examined. The efficiency of the milling process was studied by X-ray Powder Diffraction, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, and Infrared Spectroscopy, indicating that the natural extract was not affected by the increasing of the milling time. The successful loading of the extract was demonstrated by Nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, which showed a decrease in the SSA and pore volume of the silica with the increasing of the extract amount. Morphology of the nanocomposites, investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy, showed an increased agglomeration in the nanocomposites with the increment of the VV extract amount. Studies on the total phenol quantification and antioxidant activity of the natural extract before and after incorporation in the silica matrix were also carried out. The obtained results indicate that the milling process does not alter the VV extract components, which result to be embedded in the silica matrix. An increase of the antioxidant activity with the increment of the extract amount in the nanocomposites, up to values comparable to the pure VV extract, was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scano
- Chemical and Geological Science Dept., University of Cagliari and Cagliari Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - F Ebau
- Chemical and Geological Science Dept., University of Cagliari and Cagliari Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - M L Manca
- Life and Environment Science Dept., Section of Drug Sciences, CNBS, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - V Cabras
- Chemical and Geological Science Dept., University of Cagliari and Cagliari Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - F Cesare Marincola
- Chemical and Geological Science Dept., University of Cagliari and Cagliari Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - M Manconi
- Life and Environment Science Dept., Section of Drug Sciences, CNBS, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Pilloni
- Chemical and Geological Science Dept., University of Cagliari and Cagliari Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - A M Fadda
- Life and Environment Science Dept., Section of Drug Sciences, CNBS, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - G Ennas
- Chemical and Geological Science Dept., University of Cagliari and Cagliari Research Unit of the National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
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75
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Cheng R, Cheng Y, Lü J, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zhang H. The gene PbTMT4 from pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) mediates vacuolar sugar transport and strongly affects sugar accumulation in fruit. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 164:307-319. [PMID: 29603749 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tonoplast monosaccharide transporters (TMTs) play important roles in vacuolar sugar accumulation in plants. In this study, six TMT genes (PbTMT1-6) were identified in the Pyrus bretschneideri genome database, and their expression profiles were correlated with soluble sugar contents during the pear (P. bretschneideri cv. Ya Li) fruit development process. Subsequently, PbTMT4 was identified as a strong contributor to fructose, glucose and sucrose accumulation in fructescence of pears. Heterologous expression of PbTMT4, in the hexose transporter-deficient yeast strain EBY.VW4000, facilitated growth in media containing low levels of glucose, fructose, sucrose or sorbitol. In addition, PbTMT4-transformed tomato plants flowered and bore fruit significantly earlier than wild-type (WT) plants, and glucose and fructose levels in mature tomatoes were increased by about 32 and 21% compared with those in WT plants. However, no obvious alterations in sucrose content, plant height and weight per fruit were observed. Finally, subcellular localization experiments in transformed Arabidopsis plants showed that PbTMT4 is localized to tonoplast vesicles of protoplasts. These preliminary results suggest that PbTMT4 participates in vacuolar accumulation of sugars, and thus affects plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yinsheng Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiahong Lü
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingzhen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huping Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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76
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Jiu S, Haider MS, Kurjogi MM, Zhang K, Zhu X, Fang J. Genome-wide Characterization and Expression Analysis of Sugar Transporter Family Genes in Woodland Strawberry. THE PLANT GENOME 2018; 11:170103. [PMID: 30512042 DOI: 10.3835/plantgenome2017.11.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, sugars are nutrients and important signal molecules. Sugar transporters (STs) facilitate sugar transport across membranes and are associated with loading and unloading of the conducting complex. Strawberry ( Duchesne ex Rozier) is one of the most economically important and widely cultivated fruit crop and a model plant among fleshy fruits worldwide. In this study, 66 woodland strawberry ( L.) ST (FvST) genes were identified and further classified into eight distinct subfamilies in the woodland strawberry genome based on the phylogenetic analysis. In the promoter sequences of FvST gene families, a search for -regulatory elements suggested that some of them might probably be regulated by plant hormones (e.g., salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and auxin), abiotic (e.g., drought, excessive cold, and light), and biotic stress factors. Exon-intron analysis showed that each subfamily manifested closely associated gene architectural features based on similar number or length of exons. Moreover, to comprehend the potential evolution mechanism of FvST gene family, the analysis of genome duplication events was performed. The segmental and tandem duplication analysis elucidated that some of ST genes arose through whole-genome duplication (WGD) or segmental duplication, accompanied by tandem duplications. The expression analysis of 24 FvST genes in vegetative and during fruit development has shown that the expression of several ST genes was tissue and developmental stage specific. Generally, our findings are important in understanding of the allocation of photo assimilates from source to sink cell and provide insights into the genomic organization and expression profiling of FvST gene families in woodland strawberry.
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Fasoli M, Richter CL, Zenoni S, Bertini E, Vitulo N, Dal Santo S, Dokoozlian N, Pezzotti M, Tornielli GB. Timing and Order of the Molecular Events Marking the Onset of Berry Ripening in Grapevine. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1187-1206. [PMID: 30224433 PMCID: PMC6236592 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is a model for the investigation of physiological and biochemical changes during the formation and ripening of nonclimacteric fleshy fruits. However, the order and complexity of the molecular events during fruit development remain poorly understood. To identify the key molecular events controlling berry formation and ripening, we created a highly detailed transcriptomic and metabolomic map of berry development, based on samples collected every week from fruit set to maturity in two grapevine genotypes for three consecutive years, resulting in 219 samples. Major transcriptomic changes were represented by coordinated waves of gene expression associated with early development, veraison (onset of ripening)/midripening, and late-ripening and were consistent across vintages. The two genotypes were clearly distinguished by metabolite profiles and transcriptional changes occurring primarily at the veraison/midripening phase. Coexpression analysis identified a core network of transcripts as well as variations in the within-module connections representing varietal differences. By focusing on transcriptome rearrangements close to veraison, we identified two rapid and successive shared transitions involving genes whose expression profiles precisely locate the timing of the molecular reprogramming of berry development. Functional analyses of two transcription factors, markers of the first transition, suggested that they participate in a hierarchical cascade of gene activation at the onset of ripening. This study defined the initial transcriptional events that mark and trigger the onset of ripening and the molecular network that characterizes the whole process of berry development, providing a framework to model fruit development and maturation in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Zenoni
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bertini
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Dal Santo
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Mario Pezzotti
- Biotechnology Department, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Zhang C, Bian Y, Hou S, Li X. Sugar transport played a more important role than sugar biosynthesis in fruit sugar accumulation during Chinese jujube domestication. PLANTA 2018; 248:1187-1199. [PMID: 30094488 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sugar transport, including the symplasmic pathway in plasmodesmata and apoplasmic pathway mediated by sugar transporters, accelerated sugar accumulation in cultivated jujube, while sugar metabolism-related genes played weak roles in jujube domestication. The fruit of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is high in sugar concentration. By contrast, wild type-sour jujube (Z. jujuba Mill. var. spinosa Hu) contains markedly less sugar. It is unknown whether sugar transport or sugar metabolism drove sugar accumulation during jujube domestication. Using a combination of ultrastructural observations, phylogenetic analysis, testing for soluble sugars, and transcriptional analysis, the sugar accumulation mechanism was studied in the developmental stages of cultivated jujube and sour jujube. Our results indicate that the symplasmic transport pathway in plasmodesmata is present in cultivated jujube, but not in sour jujube. Sugar transporter genes have higher frequencies of duplication than sugar metabolism-related genes. Gene expression patterns indicate that sugar transporter genes, especially ZjSUT2, ZjSWEET1, ZjSWEET7, ZjSWEET11, ZjSTP3, and ZjSTP13a, rather than sugar metabolism-related genes showed higher expression levels in cultivated jujube versus sour jujube during fruit sugar accumulation. These findings suggest that sugar transport, including apoplasmic and symplasmic transport, rather than sugar biosynthesis, is associated with the difference in sugar accumulation between jujube and sour jujube, and that it may drive jujube domestication. This study provides valuable genetic information for jujube improvement, and offers new insights into fruit tree domestication related to sugar accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhang
- Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yuan Bian
- Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Sihao Hou
- Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology of State Forestry Administration, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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79
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Pérez FJ, Noriega X. Sprouting of paradormant and endodormant grapevine buds under conditions of forced growth: similarities and differences. PLANTA 2018; 248:837-847. [PMID: 29936547 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2941-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bud-break assays under forced growth conditions suggest that a drop in ABA content and an increase in sugars are common features in the sprouting of paradormant (PD) and endodormant (ED) grapevine buds. However, increases in cell division and in respiration are unique characteristics of the ED budding. In tropical and subtropical regions where the variations in day length and temperatures are minor throughout the year, the rupture of grapevine buds can be achieved during the current growing season given rise to a double-cropping system annually. However, it is unknown whether the breaking buds are in the paradormancy (PD) or endodormancy (ED) stage. In this study, we compared the breakage of PD and ED buds under conditions of forced growth. To do this, the expression of genes related to the metabolism of phytohormones and sugars, and of relevant physiological functions such as respiration and cell division was analyzed temporally throughout the incubation period in both types of buds. An early fall in the expression of the ABA biosynthesis gene (VvNCED1) and increases in genes related to sugar metabolism and transports were observed during the incubation period in both types of buds. However, while in the PD buds, the genes related to respiration and the cell cycle did not undergo significant changes in their expression during the incubation period, in the ED buds, the expression of these genes together with those related to auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis experienced a large increase. The results suggest that a drop in ABA content and an increase in sugars are early signals for the onset of bud break in both PD and ED vines, while the increase in respiration and cell division are unique characteristics of the ED buds, which reflect its transition from a resting state to a state of active growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Pérez
- Fac. Ciencias, Lab. de Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ximena Noriega
- Fac. Ciencias, Lab. de Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
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80
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Shammai A, Petreikov M, Yeselson Y, Faigenboim A, Moy-Komemi M, Cohen S, Cohen D, Besaulov E, Efrati A, Houminer N, Bar M, Ast T, Schuldiner M, Klemens PAW, Neuhaus E, Baxter CJ, Rickett D, Bonnet J, White R, Giovannoni JJ, Levin I, Schaffer A. Natural genetic variation for expression of a SWEET transporter among wild species of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) determines the hexose composition of ripening tomato fruit. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:343-357. [PMID: 30044900 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The sugar content of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit is a primary determinant of taste and quality. Cultivated tomato fruit are characterized by near-equimolar levels of the hexoses glucose and fructose, derived from the hydrolysis of translocated sucrose. As fructose is perceived as approximately twice as sweet as glucose, increasing its concentration at the expense of glucose can improve tomato fruit taste. Introgressions of the FgrH allele from the wild species Solanum habrochaites (LA1777) into cultivated tomato increased the fructose-to-glucose ratio of the ripe fruit by reducing glucose levels and concomitantly increasing fructose levels. In order to identify the function of the Fgr gene, we combined a fine-mapping strategy with RNAseq differential expression analysis of near-isogenic tomato lines. The results indicated that a SWEET protein was strongly upregulated in the lines with a high fructose-to-glucose ratio. Overexpressing the SWEET protein in transgenic tomato plants dramatically reduced the glucose levels and increased the fructose : glucose ratio in the developing fruit, thereby proving the function of the protein. The SWEET protein was localized to the plasma membrane and expression of the SlFgr gene in a yeast line lacking native hexose transporters complemented growth with glucose, but not with fructose. These results indicate that the SlFgr gene encodes a plasma membrane-localized glucose efflux transporter of the SWEET family, the overexpression of which reduces glucose levels and may allow for increased fructose levels. This article identifies the function of the tomato Fgr gene as a SWEET transporter, the upregulation of which leads to a modified sugar accumulation pattern in the fleshy fruit. The results point to the potential of the inedible wild species to improve fruit sugar accumulation via sugar transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Shammai
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Marina Petreikov
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yelena Yeselson
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Michal Moy-Komemi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Shahar Cohen
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dvir Cohen
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Eduard Besaulov
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ari Efrati
- Zeraim-Syngenta Seed Co., Gedera, Israel
| | | | - Moshe Bar
- Zeraim-Syngenta Seed Co., Gedera, Israel
| | - Tslil Ast
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - P A W Klemens
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Charles J Baxter
- Syngenta Seed Co., Jeallott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Dan Rickett
- Syngenta Seed Co., Jeallott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Julien Bonnet
- Syngenta Seed Co., Toulouse Innovation Center, Saint Sauveur, France
| | - Ruth White
- USDA-ARS and Boyce-Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Ilan Levin
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Arthur Schaffer
- Institute of Plant Sciences Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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81
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Marrano A, Micheletti D, Lorenzi S, Neale D, Grando MS. Genomic signatures of different adaptations to environmental stimuli between wild and cultivated Vitis vinifera L. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2018; 5:34. [PMID: 29977570 PMCID: PMC6026492 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The application of population genetic methods in combination with gene mapping strategies can help to identify genes and mutations selected during the evolution from wild plants to crops and to explore the considerable genetic variation still maintained in natural populations. We genotyped a grapevine germplasm collection of 44 wild (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris) and 48 cultivated (V. vinifera subsp. sativa) accessions at 54 K single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to perform a whole-genome comparison of the main population genetic statistics. The analysis of Wright Fixation Index (FST) along the whole genome allowed us to identify several putative "signatures of selection" spanning over two thousand SNPs significantly differentiated between sativa and sylvestris. Many of these genomic regions included genes involved in the adaptation to environmental changes. An overall reduction of nucleotide diversity was observed across the whole genome within sylvestris, supporting a small effective population size of the wild grapevine. Tajima's D resulted positive in both wild and cultivated subgroups, which may indicate an ongoing balancing selection. Association mapping for six domestication-related traits was performed in combination with population genetics, providing further evidence of different perception and response to environmental stresses between sativa and sylvestris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Marrano
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all ‘Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Diego Micheletti
- Computational Biology Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all ‘Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Silvia Lorenzi
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all ‘Adige (TN), Italy
| | - David Neale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - M. Stella Grando
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all ‘Adige (TN), Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all ‘Adige (TN), Italy
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82
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Liu Q, Dang H, Chen Z, Wu J, Chen Y, Chen S, Luo L. Genome-Wide Identification, Expression, and Functional Analysis of the Sugar Transporter Gene Family in Cassava (Manihot esculenta). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040987. [PMID: 29587418 PMCID: PMC5979426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The sugar transporter (STP) gene family encodes monosaccharide transporters that contain 12 transmembrane domains and belong to the major facilitator superfamily. STP genes play critical roles in monosaccharide distribution and participate in diverse plant metabolic processes. To investigate the potential roles of STPs in cassava (Manihot esculenta) tuber root growth, genome-wide identification and expression and functional analyses of the STP gene family were performed in this study. A total of 20 MeSTP genes (MeSTP1–20) containing the Sugar_tr conserved motifs were identified from the cassava genome, which could be further classified into four distinct groups in the phylogenetic tree. The expression profiles of the MeSTP genes explored using RNA-seq data showed that most of the MeSTP genes exhibited tissue-specific expression, and 15 out of 20 MeSTP genes were mainly expressed in the early storage root of cassava. qRT-PCR analysis further confirmed that most of the MeSTPs displayed higher expression in roots after 30 and 40 days of growth, suggesting that these genes may be involved in the early growth of tuber roots. Although all the MeSTP proteins exhibited plasma membrane localization, variations in monosaccharide transport activity were found through a complementation analysis in a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant, defective in monosaccharide uptake. Among them, MeSTP2, MeSTP15, and MeSTP19 were able to efficiently complement the uptake of five monosaccharides in the yeast mutant, while MeSTP3 and MeSTP16 only grew on medium containing galactose, suggesting that these two MeSTP proteins are transporters specific for galactose. This study provides significant insights into the potential functions of MeSTPs in early tuber root growth, which possibly involves the regulation of monosaccharide distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570110, China.
| | - Huijie Dang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570110, China.
| | - Zhijian Chen
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China.
| | - Junzheng Wu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570110, China.
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570110, China.
| | - Songbi Chen
- Institute of Tropical Crop Genetic Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China.
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570110, China.
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83
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Postharvest dehydration induces variable changes in the primary metabolism of grape berries. Food Res Int 2018; 105:261-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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84
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Durand M, Mainson D, Porcheron B, Maurousset L, Lemoine R, Pourtau N. Carbon source-sink relationship in Arabidopsis thaliana: the role of sucrose transporters. PLANTA 2018; 247:587-611. [PMID: 29138971 PMCID: PMC5809531 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The regulation of source-to-sink sucrose transport is associated with AtSUC and AtSWEET sucrose transporters' gene expression changes in plants grown hydroponically under different physiological conditions. Source-to-sink transport of sucrose is one of the major determinants of plant growth. Whole-plant carbohydrates' partitioning requires the specific activity of membrane sugar transporters. In Arabidopsis thaliana plants, two families of transporters are involved in sucrose transport: AtSUCs and AtSWEETs. This study is focused on the comparison of sucrose transporter gene expression, soluble sugar and starch levels and long distance sucrose transport, in leaves and sink organs (mainly roots) in different physiological conditions (along the plant life cycle, during a diel cycle, and during an osmotic stress) in plants grown hydroponically. In leaves, the AtSUC2, AtSWEET11, and 12 genes known to be involved in phloem loading were highly expressed when sucrose export was high and reduced during osmotic stress. In roots, AtSUC1 was highly expressed and its expression profile in the different conditions tested suggests that it may play a role in sucrose unloading in roots and in root growth. The SWEET transporter genes AtSWEET12, 13, and 15 were found expressed in all organs at all stages studied, while differential expression was noticed for AtSWEET14 in roots, stems, and siliques and AtSWEET9, 10 expressions were only detected in stems and siliques. A role for these transporters in carbohydrate partitioning in different source-sink status is proposed, with a specific attention on carbon demand in roots. During development, despite trophic competition with others sinks, roots remained a significant sink, but during osmotic stress, the amount of translocated [U-14C]-sucrose decreased for rosettes and roots. Altogether, these results suggest that source-sink relationship may be linked with the regulation of sucrose transporter gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Durand
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Dany Mainson
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Benoît Porcheron
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurence Maurousset
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Rémi Lemoine
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Nathalie Pourtau
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France.
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85
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Griesser M, Martinez SC, Eitle MW, Warth B, Andre CM, Schuhmacher R, Forneck A. The ripening disorder berry shrivel affects anthocyanin biosynthesis and sugar metabolism in Zweigelt grape berries. PLANTA 2018; 247:471-481. [PMID: 29075874 PMCID: PMC5778156 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Timescale analyses suggest the berry shrivel (BS) disorder is induced before veraison with strong effects on anthocyanin biosynthesis, and minor effects on sugar transport and metabolism. Berry shrivel (BS)-affected grapes have low sugar contents, high acidity, less anthocyanins and flaccid berries. To date no pathogenic causes are known, and studies to elucidate the molecular basis leading to symptom induction and development are limited. Here we present a study on pre-symptomatic as well as symptomatic BS berries to characterize early metabolic changes, with focus on anthocyanin biosynthesis and sugars metabolism. Healthy and BS berries from six sampling time points were used (BBCH79-BBCH89). Our objectives are (1) to search for the beginning of BS-related physiological processes; (2) to search for key enzymes and sugar transporters involved in BS induction and development and (3) to understand the consequences on polyphenol biosynthesis. We employed high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology for sugar and polyphenol analyses, respectively. Additionally we conducted expression analyses (qPCR) of key genes and enzymatic activity assays. Our results show that BS-related processes start before veraison, as determined by slightly reduced hexose contents and reduced expression levels of a vacuolar invertase (VviGIN1), two monosaccharide transporters (VviTMT2, VviTMT3) and the anthocyanin biosynthesis (VviUFGT, VviMYBA1/2) genes. Lower amounts of delphinidin and cyanidin glycosidic forms were determined, while caftaric acid, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and (+)-catechin were increased in BS berries. Although not all results were conclusive, especially for the sugar metabolism, our data provide important knowledge to improve the understanding of the highly complex berry shrivel ripening disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Griesser
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sara Crespo Martinez
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus W Eitle
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, Tulln, 3430, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christelle M Andre
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, Tulln, 3430, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Forneck
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Vienna, Austria
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86
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Rottmann TM, Fritz C, Lauter A, Schneider S, Fischer C, Danzberger N, Dietrich P, Sauer N, Stadler R. Protoplast-Esculin Assay as a New Method to Assay Plant Sucrose Transporters: Characterization of AtSUC6 and AtSUC7 Sucrose Uptake Activity in Arabidopsis Col-0 Ecotype. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:430. [PMID: 29740457 PMCID: PMC5925572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The best characterized function of sucrose transporters of the SUC family in plants is the uptake of sucrose into the phloem for long-distance transport of photoassimilates. This important step is usually performed by one specific SUC in every species. However, plants possess small families of several different SUCs which are less well understood. Here, we report on the characterization of AtSUC6 and AtSUC7, two members of the SUC family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Heterologous expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) revealed that AtSUC6Col-0 is a high-affinity H+-symporter that mediates the uptake of sucrose and maltose across the plasma membrane at exceptionally low pH values. Reporter gene analyses revealed a strong expression of AtSUC6Col-0 in reproductive tissues, where the protein product might contribute to sugar uptake into pollen tubes and synergid cells. A knockout of AtSUC6 did not interfere with vegetative development or reproduction, which points toward physiological redundancy of AtSUC6Col-0 with other sugar transporters. Reporter gene analyses showed that AtSUC7Col-0 is expressed in roots and pollen tubes and that this sink specific expression of AtSUC7Col-0 is regulated by intragenic regions. Transport activity of AtSUC7Col-0 could not be analyzed in baker's yeast or Xenopus oocytes because the protein was not correctly targeted to the plasma membrane in both heterologous expression systems. Therefore, a novel approach to analyze sucrose transporters in planta was developed. Plasma membrane localized SUCs including AtSUC6Col-0 and also sucrose specific SWEETs were able to mediate transport of the fluorescent sucrose analog esculin in transformed mesophyll protoplasts. In contrast, AtSUC7Col-0 is not able to mediate esculin transport across the plasma membrane which implicates that AtSUC7Col-0 might be a non-functional pseudogene. The novel protoplast assay provides a useful tool for the quick and quantitative analysis of sucrose transporters in an in planta expression system.
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87
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Ren Y, Guo S, Zhang J, He H, Sun H, Tian S, Gong G, Zhang H, Levi A, Tadmor Y, Xu Y. A Tonoplast Sugar Transporter Underlies a Sugar Accumulation QTL in Watermelon. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:836-850. [PMID: 29118248 PMCID: PMC5761790 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
How sugar transporters regulate sugar accumulation in fruits is poorly understood and particularly so for species storing high-concentration Suc. Accumulation of soluble sugars in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) fruit, a major quality trait, had been selected during domestication. Still, the molecular mechanisms controlling this quantitative trait are unknown. We resequenced 96 recombinant inbred lines, derived from crossing sweet and unsweet accessions, to narrow down the size of a previously described sugar content quantitative trait locus, which contains a putative Tonoplast Sugar Transporter gene (ClTST2). Molecular and biochemical analyses indicated that ClTST2 encodes a vacuolar membrane protein, whose expression is associated with tonoplast uptake and accumulation of sugars in watermelon fruit flesh cells. We measured fruit sugar content and resequenced the genomic region surrounding ClTST2 in 400 watermelon accessions and associated the most sugar-related significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to the ClTST2 promoter. Large-scale population analyses strongly suggest increased expression of ClTST2 as a major molecular event in watermelon domestication associated with a selection sweep around the ClTST2 promoter. Further molecular analyses explored the binding of a sugar-induced transcription factor (SUSIWM1) to a sugar-responsive cis-element within the ClTST2 promoter, which contains the quantitative trait locus (QTL) causal SNP. The functional characterization of ClTST2 and its expression regulation by SUSIWM1 provide novel tools to increase sugar sink potency in watermelon and possibly in other vegetable and fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shaogui Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Hongju He
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Honghe Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shouwei Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Guoyi Gong
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Amnon Levi
- U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, USDA, ARS, 2700 Savannah Highway, Charleston, South Carolina 29414
| | | | - Yong Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing 100097, China
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88
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Yang Y, Wang Q, Chen Q, Yin X, Qian M, Sun X, Yang Y. Genome-wide survey indicates diverse physiological roles of the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) calcium-dependent protein kinase genes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5306. [PMID: 28706292 PMCID: PMC5509701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are crucial calcium sensors that play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and developmental processes, as well as protective responses to environmental stress. Here, we identified 28 CDPK genes from barley and cloned 5 new, full-length CDPK genes, MLOC_58648a, MLOC_19618a, MLOC_71733a, AK249361a and MLOC_4965a, using their expressed sequence tags. Phylogenetic and gene structural analyses revealed that the CDPK could be divided into four subgroups. Significant site-specific altered constraints and a high evolutionary rate may have contributed to the functional divergences among CDPK gene subfamilies. Expression profiles of different tissues and developmental stages suggested that several CDPK genes are involved in the functional development of plants. Different expression levels under a variety of abiotic stresses also indicated that the CDPK family underwent functional divergence during long-term evolution. Furthermore, several CDPK genes responded to single treatments and individual CDPK genes responded to multiple treatments, suggesting that barley CDPKs may be involved in mediating cross-talk among different signalling pathways. Our data provide an important foundation for the functional and evolutionary analyses of this important gene family in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650204, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Qiuli Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650204, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650204, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650204, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Qian
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650204, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xudong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650204, China.
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Yongping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650204, China.
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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89
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Evolution of the Apicomplexan Sugar Transporter Gene Family Repertoire. Int J Genomics 2017; 2017:1707231. [PMID: 28555190 PMCID: PMC5438862 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1707231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apicomplexan protist parasites utilize host sugars transported into the parasite by sugar transporter proteins for use as an energy source. We performed a phylum-wide phylogenetic analysis of the apicomplexan sugar transporter repertoire. Phylogenetic analyses revealed six major subfamilies of apicomplexan sugar transporters. Transporters in one subfamily have undergone expansions in Piroplasma species and Gregarina niphandrodes, while other subfamilies are highly divergent and contain genes found in only one or two species. Analyses of the divergent apicomplexan subfamilies revealed their presence in ciliates, indicating their alveolate ancestry and subsequent loss in chromerids and many apicomplexans.
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90
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Li J, Qin M, Qiao X, Cheng Y, Li X, Zhang H, Wu J. A New Insight into the Evolution and Functional Divergence of SWEET Transporters in Chinese White Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:839-850. [PMID: 28339862 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
SWEET genes are a recently identified plant gene family that play an indispensable role in sugar efflux. However, no systematic study has been performed in pear. In this research, 18 SWEET transporters identified in pear, almost twice the number found in woodland strawberry and Japanese apricot, were divided into four clades. Conserved motifs and six exons of the SWEET transporters were found in six species. SWEET transporters contained seven transmembrane segments (TMSs) that evolved from an internal duplication of an ancestral three-TMSs unit, connected by TMS4. This is the first direct evidence identifying internal repeats through bioinformatics analysis. Whole-genome duplication (WGD) or segmental duplication and dispersed duplication represent the main driving forces for SWEET family evolution in six species, with former duplications more important in pear. Gene expression results suggested that PbSWEET15 and PbSWEET17 have no expression in any tissues because of critical lost residues and that 62.5% of PbSWEET duplicate gene pairs have functional divergence. Additionally, PbSWEET6, PbSWEET7 and PbSWEET14 were found to play important roles in sucrose efflux from leaves, and the high expression of PbSWEET1 and PbSWEET2 might contribute to unloading sucrose from the phloem in the stem. Finally, PbSWEET5, PbSWEET9 and PbSWEET10 might contribute to pollen development. Overall, our study provides important insights into the evolution of the SWEET gene family in pear and four other Rosaceae, and the important candidate PbSWEET genes involved in the development of different tissues were identified in pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengfan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinsheng Cheng
- Key laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huping Zhang
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops ImprovementZhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture China, Soybean Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHarbin, China
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91
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Xiang Q, Shen K, Yu X, Zhao K, Gu Y, Zhang X, Chen X, Chen Q. Analysis of the oligopeptide transporter gene family in Ganoderma lucidum: structure, phylogeny, and expression patterns. Genome 2017; 60:293-302. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2016-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oligopeptide transporters (OPTs) are believed to transport broad ranges of substrates across the plasma membrane from the extracellular environment into the cell and are thought to contribute to various biological processes. In the present study, 13 putative OPTs (Gl-OPT1 to Gl-OPT13) were identified through extensive search of Ganoderma lucidum genome database. Phylogenetic analysis with OPTs from other fungi and plants indicates that these genes can be further divided into five groups. Motif compositions of OPT members are highly conserved in each group, indicative of functional conservation. Expression profile analysis of the 13 Gl-OPT genes indicated that, with the exception of Gl-OPT7–Gl-OPT9, for which no transcripts were detected, all paralogues were differentially expressed, suggesting their potential involvement in stress response and functional development of fungi. Overall, the analyses in this study provide a starting point for elucidating the functions of OPT in G. lucidum, and for understanding the complexities of metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanju Xiang
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Keyu Shen
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunfu Gu
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Chen
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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92
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Cai Y, Tu W, Zu Y, Yan J, Xu Z, Lu J, Zhang Y. Overexpression of a Grapevine Sucrose Transporter (VvSUC27) in Tobacco Improves Plant Growth Rate in the Presence of Sucrose In vitro. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1069. [PMID: 28676814 PMCID: PMC5476780 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The import of sugar from source leaves and it further accumulation in grape berries are considerably high during ripening, and this process is mediated via sucrose transporters. In this study, a grape sucrose transporter (SUT) gene, VvSUC27, located at the plasma membrane, was transferred to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The transformants were more sensitive to sucrose and showed more rapid development, especially roots, when cultured on MS agar medium containing sucrose, considering that the shoot/root dry weight ratio was only half that of the control. Moreover, all transformed plants exhibited light-colored leaves throughout their development, which indicated chlorosis and an associated reduction in photosynthesis. The total sugar content in the roots and stems of transformants was higher than that in control plants. No significant difference was observed in the leaves between the transformants and control plants. The levels of growth-promoting hormones were increased, and those of stress-mediating hormones were reduced in transgenic tobacco plants. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of VvSUC27 was 1,000 times higher than that of the autologous tobacco sucrose transporter, which suggested that the markedly increased growth rate of transformants was because of the heterogeneously expressed gene. The transgenic tobacco plants showed resistance to abiotic stresses. Strikingly, the overexpression of VvSUC27 leaded to the up regulation of most reactive oxygen species scavengers and abscisic acid-related genes that might enable transgenic plants to overcome abiotic stress. Taken together, these results revealed an important role of VvSUC27 in plant growth and response to abiotic stresses, especially in the presence of sucrose in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Cai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Wenrui Tu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yunyun Zu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Zimo Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jiang Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- Center for Viticulture and Enology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yali Zhang
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93
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Murcia G, Pontin M, Reinoso H, Baraldi R, Bertazza G, Gómez-Talquenca S, Bottini R, Piccoli PN. ABA and GA3 increase carbon allocation in different organs of grapevine plants by inducing accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves, enhancement of phloem area and expression of sugar transporters. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 156:323-37. [PMID: 26411544 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Grape quality for winemaking depends on sugar accumulation and metabolism in berries. Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) have been reported to control sugar allocation in economically important crops, although the mechanisms involved are still unknown. The present study tested if ABA and gibberellin A3 (GA3) enhance carbon allocation in fruits of grapevines by modifying phloem loading, phloem area and expression of sugar transporters in leaves and berries. Pot-grown Vitis vinifera cv. Malbec plants were sprayed with ABA and GA3 solutions. The amount of soluble sugars in leaves and berries related to photosynthesis were examined at three points of berry growth: pre-veraison, full veraison and post-veraison. Starch levels and amylase activity in leaves, gene expression of sugar transporters in leaves and berries and phloem anatomy were examined at full veraison. Accumulation of glucose and fructose in berries was hastened in ABA-treated plants at the stage of full veraison, which was correlated with enhancement of Vitis vinifera HEXOSE TRANSPORTER 2 (VvHT2) and Vitis vinifera HEXOSE TRANSPORTER 6 (VvHT6) gene expression, increases of phloem area and sucrose content in leaves. On the other hand, GA3 increased the quantity of photoassimilates delivered to the stem thus increasing xylem growth. In conclusion, stimulation of sugar transport by ABA and GA3 to berries and stems, respectively, was due to build-up of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves, modifications in phloem tissue and modulation in gene expression of sugar transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Murcia
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Chacras de Coria, Argentina
| | - Mariela Pontin
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Chacras de Coria, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Bioquímica Vegetal, EEA-INTA La Consulta, La Consulta, Argentina
| | - Herminda Reinoso
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Rita Baraldi
- Instituto di Biometeorologia, CNR, Bologna, Italia
| | | | | | - Rubén Bottini
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Chacras de Coria, Argentina
| | - Patricia N Piccoli
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET-UNCuyo, Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza, Chacras de Coria, Argentina
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94
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Domingos S, Fino J, Paulo OS, Oliveira CM, Goulao LF. Molecular candidates for early-stage flower-to-fruit transition in stenospermocarpic table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) inflorescences ascribed by differential transcriptome and metabolome profiles. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 244:40-56. [PMID: 26810452 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Flower-to-fruit transition depends of nutrient availability and regulation at the molecular level by sugar and hormone signalling crosstalk. However, in most species, the identities of fruit initiation regulators and their targets are largely unknown. To ascertain the main pathways involved in stenospermocarpic table grape fruit set, comprehensive transcriptional and metabolomic analyses were conducted specifically targeting the early phase of this developmental stage in 'Thompson Seedless'. The high-throughput analyses performed disclosed the involvement of 496 differentially expressed genes and 28 differently accumulated metabolites in the sampled inflorescences. Our data show broad transcriptome reprogramming of molecule transporters, globally down-regulating gene expression, and suggest that regulation of sugar- and hormone-mediated pathways determines the downstream activation of berry development. The most affected gene was the SWEET14 sugar transporter. Hormone-related transcription changes were observed associated with increased indole-3-acetic acid, stimulation of ethylene and gibberellin metabolisms and cytokinin degradation, and regulation of MADS-box and AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor expression. Secondary metabolism, the most representative biological process at transcriptome level, was predominantly repressed. The results add to the knowledge of molecular events occurring in grapevine inflorescence fruit set and provide a list of candidates, paving the way for genetic manipulation aimed at model research and plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Domingos
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; BioTrop, Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical I.P. (IICT), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Fino
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Octávio S Paulo
- Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina M Oliveira
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luis F Goulao
- BioTrop, Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical I.P. (IICT), Lisbon, Portugal.
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95
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Jian H, Lu K, Yang B, Wang T, Zhang L, Zhang A, Wang J, Liu L, Qu C, Li J. Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Profiling of the SUC and SWEET Gene Families of Sucrose Transporters in Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1464. [PMID: 0 PMCID: PMC5039336 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose is the principal transported product of photosynthesis from source leaves to sink organs. SUTs/SUCs (sucrose transporters or sucrose carriers) and SWEETs (Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) play significant central roles in phloem loading and unloading. SUTs/SUCs and SWEETs are key players in sucrose translocation and are associated with crop yields. The SUT/SUC and SWEET genes have been characterized in several plant species, but a comprehensive analysis of these two gene families in oilseed rape has not yet been reported. In our study, 22 and 68 members of the SUT/SUCs and SWEET gene families, respectively, were identified in the oilseed rape (Brassica napus) genome through homology searches. An analysis of the chromosomal distribution, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, motifs and the cis-acting regulatory elements in the promoters of BnSUC and BnSWEET genes were analyzed. Furthermore, we examined the expression of the 18 BnSUC and 16 BnSWEET genes in different tissues of "ZS11" and the expression of 9 BnSUC and 7 BnSWEET genes in "ZS11" under various conditions, including biotic stress (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), abiotic stresses (drought, salt and heat), and hormone treatments (abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinin, brassinolide, gibberellin, and salicylic acid). In conclusion, our study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the oilseed rape SUC and SWEET gene families. Information regarding the phylogenetic relationships, gene structure and expression profiles of the SUC and SWEET genes in the different tissues of oilseed rape helps to identify candidates with potential roles in specific developmental processes. Our study advances our understanding of the important roles of sucrose transport in oilseed rape.
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96
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Dal Santo S, Fasoli M, Negri S, D'Incà E, Vicenzi N, Guzzo F, Tornielli GB, Pezzotti M, Zenoni S. Plasticity of the Berry Ripening Program in a White Grape Variety. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:970. [PMID: 27462320 PMCID: PMC4940403 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is considered one of the most environmentally sensitive crops and is characterized by broad phenotypic plasticity, offering important advantages such as the large range of different wines that can be produced from the same cultivar, and the adaptation of existing cultivars to diverse growing regions. The uniqueness of berry quality traits reflects complex interactions between the grapevine plant and the combination of natural factors and human cultural practices which leads to the expression of wine typicity. Despite the scientific and commercial importance of genotype interactions with growing conditions, few studies have characterized the genes and metabolites directly involved in this phenomenon. Here, we used two large-scale analytical approaches to explore the metabolomic and transcriptomic basis of the broad phenotypic plasticity of Garganega, a white berry variety grown at four sites characterized by different pedoclimatic conditions (altitudes, soil texture, and composition). These conditions determine berry ripening dynamics in terms of sugar accumulation and the abundance of phenolic compounds. Multivariate analysis unraveled a highly plastic metabolomic response to different environments, especially the accumulation of hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids and flavonols. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the four sites strongly affected the berry transcriptome allowing the identification of environmentally-modulated genes and the plasticity of commonly-modulated transcripts at different sites. Many genes that control transcription, translation, transport, and carbohydrate metabolism showed different expression depending on the environmental conditions, indicating a key role in the observed transcriptomic plasticity of Garganega berries. Interestingly, genes representing the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathway showed plastic responses to the environment mirroring the accumulation of the corresponding metabolites. The comparison of Garganega and Corvina berries showed that the metabolism of phenolic compounds is more plastic in ripening Garganega berries under different pedoclimatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianna Fasoli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
- E & J Gallo WineryModesto, CA, USA
| | - Stefano Negri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Erica D'Incà
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | | | - Mario Pezzotti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Sara Zenoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sara Zenoni
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97
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Li JM, Zheng DM, Li LT, Qiao X, Wei SW, Bai B, Zhang SL, Wu J. Genome-Wide Function, Evolutionary Characterization and Expression Analysis of Sugar Transporter Family Genes in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1721-37. [PMID: 26079674 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The sugar transporter (ST) plays an important role in plant growth, development and fruit quality. In this study, a total of 75 ST genes were identified in the pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd) genome based on systematic analysis. Furthermore, all ST genes identified were grouped into eight subfamilies according to conserved domains and phylogenetic analysis. Analysis of cis-regulatory element sequences of all ST genes identified the MYBCOREATCYCB1 promoter in sucrose transporter (SUT) and monosaccharide transporter (MST) genes of pear, while in grape it is exclusively found in SUT subfamily members, indicating divergent transcriptional regulation in different species. Gene duplication event analysis indicated that whole-genome duplication (WGD) and segmental duplication play key roles in ST gene amplification, followed by tandem duplication. Estimation of positive selection at codon sites of ST paralog pairs indicated that all plastidic glucose translocator (pGlcT) subfamily members have evolved under positive selection. In addition, the evolutionary history of ST gene duplications indicated that the ST genes have experienced significant expansion in the whole ST gene family after the second WGD, especially after apple and pear divergence. According to the global RNA sequencing results of pear fruit development, gene expression profiling showed the expression of 53 STs. Combined with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, two polyol/monosaccharide transporter (PLT) and three tonoplast monosaccharide transporter (tMT) members were identified as candidate genes, which may play important roles in sugar accumulation during pear fruit development and ripening. Identification of highly expressed STs in fruit is important for finding novel genes contributing to enhanced levels of sugar content in pear fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Li
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dan-man Zheng
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lei-ting Li
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shu-wei Wei
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bin Bai
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shao-ling Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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98
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Xu F, Xi ZM, Zhang H, Zhang CJ, Zhang ZW. Brassinosteroids are involved in controlling sugar unloading in Vitis vinifera 'Cabernet Sauvignon' berries during véraison. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 94:197-208. [PMID: 26760954 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Sugar unloading in grape berries is a crucial step in the long-distance transport of carbohydrates from grapevine leaves to berries. Brassinosteroids (BRs) mediate many physiological processes in plants including carbohydrate metabolism. Here, 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (Vitis vinifera L.) grape berries cultivated in clay loam fields were treated with an exogenous BR (24-epibrassinolide; EBR), a BR synthesis inhibitor (brassinazole; Brz), Brz + EBR (sprayed with EBR 24 h after a Brz treatment), and deionized water (control) at the onset of véraison. The EBR treatment sharply increased the soluble sugars content in the berries, but decreased it in the skins. The EBR and Brz + EBR treatments significantly promoted the activities of both invertases (acidic and neutral) and sucrose synthase (sucrolytic) at various stages of ripening. The mRNA levels of genes encoding sucrose metabolic invertase (VvcwINV), and monosaccharide (VvHT3, 4, 5 and 6) and disaccharide (VvSUC12 and 27) transporters were increased by the EBR and/or Brz + EBR treatments. Generally, the effects of the Brz treatment on the measured targets contrasted with the effects of the EBR treatments. The EBR and Brz treatments inhibited the biosynthesis of the endogenous BRs 6-deoxocastastarone and castasterone. Both EBR and Brz + EBR treatments increased the brassinolide contents, down-regulated the expression of genes encoding BRs biosynthetic enzymes BRASSINOSTEROID-6-OXIDASE and DWARF1, (VvBR6OX1 and VvDWF1) and induced BR receptor gene BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (VvBRI1) expression in deseeded berries. Together, these results show that BRs are involved in controlling sugar unloading in grape berries during véraison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Zhu-Mei Xi
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Cheng-Jun Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Zhen-Wen Zhang
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-Viniculture, Yangling 712100, China.
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99
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Yue C, Cao HL, Wang L, Zhou YH, Huang YT, Hao XY, Wang YC, Wang B, Yang YJ, Wang XC. Effects of cold acclimation on sugar metabolism and sugar-related gene expression in tea plant during the winter season. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 88:591-608. [PMID: 26216393 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sugar plays an essential role in plant cold acclimation (CA), but the interaction between CA and sugar remains unclear in tea plants. In this study, during the whole winter season, we investigated the variations of sugar contents and the expression of a large number of sugar-related genes in tea leaves. Results indicated that cold tolerance of tea plant was improved with the development of CA during early winter season. At this stage, starch was dramatically degraded, whereas the content of total sugars and several specific sugars including sucrose, glucose and fructose were constantly elevated. Beyond the CA stage, the content of starch was maintained at a low level during winter hardiness (WH) period and then was elevated during de-acclimation (DC) period. Conversely, the content of sugar reached a peak at WH stage followed by a decrease during DC stage. Moreover, gene expression results showed that, during CA period, sugar metabolism-related genes exhibited different expression pattern, in which beta-amylase gene (CsBAM), invertase gene (CsINV5) and raffinose synthase gene (CsRS2) engaged in starch, sucrose and raffinose metabolism respectively were solidly up-regulated; the expressions of sugar transporters were stimulated in general except the down-regulations of CsSWEET2, 3, 16, CsERD6.7 and CsINT2; interestingly, the sugar-signaling related CsHXK3 and CsHXK2 had opposite expression patterns at the early stage of CA. These provided comprehensive insight into the effects of CA on carbohydrates indicating that sugar accumulation contributes to tea plant cold tolerance during winter season, and a simply model of sugar regulation in response to cold stimuli is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yue
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, People's Republic of China,
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100
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Patil G, Valliyodan B, Deshmukh R, Prince S, Nicander B, Zhao M, Sonah H, Song L, Lin L, Chaudhary J, Liu Y, Joshi T, Xu D, Nguyen HT. Soybean (Glycine max) SWEET gene family: insights through comparative genomics, transcriptome profiling and whole genome re-sequence analysis. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:520. [PMID: 26162601 PMCID: PMC4499210 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SWEET (MtN3_saliva) domain proteins, a recently identified group of efflux transporters, play an indispensable role in sugar efflux, phloem loading, plant-pathogen interaction and reproductive tissue development. The SWEET gene family is predominantly studied in Arabidopsis and members of the family are being investigated in rice. To date, no transcriptome or genomics analysis of soybean SWEET genes has been reported. RESULTS In the present investigation, we explored the evolutionary aspect of the SWEET gene family in diverse plant species including primitive single cell algae to angiosperms with a major emphasis on Glycine max. Evolutionary features showed expansion and duplication of the SWEET gene family in land plants. Homology searches with BLAST tools and Hidden Markov Model-directed sequence alignments identified 52 SWEET genes that were mapped to 15 chromosomes in the soybean genome as tandem duplication events. Soybean SWEET (GmSWEET) genes showed a wide range of expression profiles in different tissues and developmental stages. Analysis of public transcriptome data and expression profiling using quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that a majority of the GmSWEET genes were confined to reproductive tissue development. Several natural genetic variants (non-synonymous SNPs, premature stop codons and haplotype) were identified in the GmSWEET genes using whole genome re-sequencing data analysis of 106 soybean genotypes. A significant association was observed between SNP-haplogroup and seed sucrose content in three gene clusters on chromosome 6. CONCLUSION Present investigation utilized comparative genomics, transcriptome profiling and whole genome re-sequencing approaches and provided a systematic description of soybean SWEET genes and identified putative candidates with probable roles in the reproductive tissue development. Gene expression profiling at different developmental stages and genomic variation data will aid as an important resource for the soybean research community and can be extremely valuable for understanding sink unloading and enhancing carbohydrate delivery to developing seeds for improving yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunvant Patil
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Babu Valliyodan
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Silvas Prince
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Bjorn Nicander
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mingzhe Zhao
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Current address: Agronomy College of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Li Song
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Li Lin
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Juhi Chaudhary
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Informatics Institute, and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Computer Science, Informatics Institute, and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Computer Science, Informatics Institute, and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- National Center for Soybean Biotechnology and Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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