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Evening primrose oil and celecoxib inhibited pathological angiogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in adjuvant-induced arthritis: novel role of angiopoietin-1. Inflammopharmacology 2014; 22:305-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-014-0200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Seow LJ, Beh HK, Sadikun A, Asmawi MZ. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of traditional medicinal plants, Gynura segetum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5667/tang.2013.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Azizi G, Boghozian R, Mirshafiey A. The potential role of angiogenic factors in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 17:369-83. [PMID: 24467605 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important phenomenon in the pathogenesis of some diseases, such as numerous types of tumors and autoimmunity, and also a number of soluble and cell-bound factors may stimulate neovascularization in inflammatory reaction processes. Here, by highlighting the significance of angiogenesis reaction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we will mainly focus on the role of various growth factors, cytokines, enzymes, cells, hypoxic conditions and transcription factors in the angiogenic process and we will then explain some therapeutic strategies based on blockage of angiogenesis and modification of the vascular pathology in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Azizi
- Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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de Oliveira RR, Martins CS, Rocha YR, Braga ABR, Mattos RM, Hecht F, Brito GAC, Nasciutti LE. Experimental diabetes induces structural, inflammatory and vascular changes of Achilles tendons. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74942. [PMID: 24130676 PMCID: PMC3794027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate how the state of chronic hyperglycemia from experimental Diabetes Mellitus can influence the homeostatic imbalance of tendons and, consequently, lead to the characteristics of tendinopathy. Twenty animals were randomly divided into two experimental groups: control group, consisting of healthy rats and diabetic group constituted by rats induced to Diabetes Mellitus I. After twenty-four days of the induction of Diabetes type I, the Achilles tendon were removed for morphological evaluation, cellularity, number and cross-sectional area of blood vessel, immunohistochemistry for Collagen type I, VEGF and NF-κB nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and nitrate and nitrite level. The Achilles tendon thickness (µm/100g) of diabetic animals was significantly increased and, similarly, an increase was observed in the density of fibrocytes and mast cells in the tendons of the diabetic group. The average number of blood vessels per field, in peritendinous tissue, was statistically higher in the diabetic group 3.39 (2.98) vessels/field when compared to the control group 0.89 (1.68) vessels/field p = 0.001 and in the intratendinous region, it was observed that blood vessels were extremely rare in the control group 0.035 (0.18) vessels/field and were often present in the tendons of the diabetic group 0.89 (0.99) vessels/field. The immunohistochemistry analysis identified higher density of type 1 collagen and increased expression of VEGF as well as increased immunostaining for NFκB p50 NLS in the nucleus in Achilles tendon of the diabetic group when compared to the control group. Higher levels of nitrite/nitrate were observed in the experimental group induced to diabetes. We conclude that experimental DM induces notable structural, inflammatory and vascular changes in the Achilles tendon which are compatible with the process of chronic tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo R de Oliveira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Lux A, Müller R, Tulk M, Olivieri C, Zarrabeita R, Salonikios T, Wirnitzer B. HHT diagnosis by Mid-infrared spectroscopy and artificial neural network analysis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2013; 8:94. [PMID: 23805858 PMCID: PMC3698163 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-8-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular disorder Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is in general an inherited disease caused by mutations in the TGF-β/BMP receptors endoglin or ALK1 or in rare cases by mutations of the TGF-β signal transducer protein Smad4 leading to the combined syndrome of juvenile polyposis and HHT. HHT is characterized by several clinical symptoms like spontaneous and recurrent epistaxis, multiple telangiectases at sites like lips, oral cavity, fingers, nose, and visceral lesions like gastrointestinal telangiectasia, pulmonary, hepatic, cerebral or spinal arteriovenous malformations. The disease shows an inter- and intra-family variability in penetrance as well as symptoms from mild to life threatening. Penetrance is also depending on age. Diagnosis of the disease is based on the presence of some of the listed symptoms or by genetic testing. HHT diagnosis is laborious, time consuming, costly and sometimes uncertain. Not all typical symptoms may be present, especially at a younger age, and genetic testing does not always identify the disease causing mutation. METHODS Infrared (IR) spectroscopy was investigated as a potential alternative to the current diagnostic methods. IR-spectra were obtained by Fourier-transform Mid-IR spectroscopy from blood plasma from HHT patients and a healthy control group. Spectral data were mathematically processed and subsequently classified and analysed by artificial neural network (ANN) analyses and by visual analysis of scatter plots of the dominant principal components. RESULTS The analyses showed that for HHT a disease specific IR-spectrum exists that is significantly different from the control group. Furthermore, at the current stage with the here used methods, HHT can be diagnosed by Mid-IR-spectroscopy in combination with ANN analysis with a sensitivity and specificity of at least 95%. Visual analysis of PCA scatter plots revealed an inter class variation of the HHT group. CONCLUSION IR-spectroscopy in combination with ANN analysis can be considered to be a serious alternative diagnostic method compared to clinical and genetically based methods. Blood plasma is an ideal candidate for diagnostic purposes, it is inexpensive, easy to isolate and only minimal amounts are required. In addition, IR-spectroscopy measurement times are fast, less than one minute, and diagnosis is not based on interpretation of may be uncertain clinical data. And last but not least, the method is inexpensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lux
- Q-bios GmbH Biotechnology, Mannheim, Germany.
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Hamsin DEZA, Hamid RA, Yazan LS, Taib CNM, Ting YL. The hexane fraction of Ardisia crispa Thunb. A. DC. roots inhibits inflammation-induced angiogenesis. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:5. [PMID: 23298265 PMCID: PMC3547822 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ardisia crispa (Myrsinaceae) is used in traditional Malay medicine to treat various ailments associated with inflammation, including rheumatism. The plant's hexane fraction was previously shown to inhibit several diseases associated with inflammation. As there is a strong correlation between inflammation and angiogenesis, we conducted the present study to investigate the anti-angiogenic effects of the plant's roots in animal models of inflammation-induced angiogenesis. METHODS We first performed phytochemical screening and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting of the hexane fraction of Ardisia crispa roots ethanolic extract (ACRH) and its quinone-rich fraction (QRF). The anti-inflammatory properties of ACRH and QRF were tested using the Miles vascular permeability assay and the murine air pouch granuloma model following oral administration at various doses. RESULTS Preliminary phytochemical screening of ACRH revealed the presence of flavonoids, triterpenes, and tannins. The QRF was separated from ACRH (38.38% w/w) by column chromatography, and was isolated to yield a benzoquinonoid compound. The ACRH and QRF were quantified by HPLC. The LD(50) value of ACRH was 617.02 mg/kg. In the Miles vascular permeability assay, the lowest dose of ACRH (10 mg/kg) and all doses of QRF significantly reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced hyperpermeability, when compared with the vehicle control. In the murine air pouch granuloma model, ACRH and QRF both displayed significant and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects, without granuloma weight. ACRH and QRF significantly reduced the vascular index, but not granuloma tissue weight. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, both ACRH and QRF showed potential anti-inflammatory properties in a model of inflammation-induced angiogenesis model, demonstrating their potential anti-angiogenic properties.
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Rasul S, Wagner L, Kautzky-Willer A. Fetuin-A and angiopoietins in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrine 2012; 42:496-505. [PMID: 22820893 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-012-9754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with multiple etiologies, obesity has been constantly linked with insulin resistance and manifestation of type 2 DM. In addition, obesity is associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver disease and is regarded as a subclinical inflammatory condition characterized by release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines from adipose tissue. Both, type 2 DM and obesity are considered as major risks for developing micro- and macrovascular diseases. Recent studies showed that impaired circulating levels of fetuin-A, which is involved in propagating insulin resistance as well as circulating levels of angiopoietins, which are growth factors promoting angiogenesis, were observed in patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 DM. However, independent of type 2 DM and obesity, defective regulation of fetuin-A and angiopoietin are playing a critical role in predisposing to coronary and peripheral vascular diseases. Therefore, mechanisms linking type 2 DM and obesity with fetuin-A and angiopoietins seem to be complex and are in need of further exploration. In this review, we aimed to present a summary concerning associations of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and vascular diseases with circulating levels of angiopoietins and fetuin-A. Furthermore, we aimed to focus on roles of fetuin-A and angiopoietins and to highlight the most plausible mechanisms that might explain their associations with type 2 DM and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazan Rasul
- Unit of Gender Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Zhi W, Gu X, Qin J, Yin P, Sheng X, Gao SP, Li Q. Solid Breast Lesions: Clinical Experience with US-guided Diffuse Optical Tomography Combined with Conventional US. Radiology 2012; 265:371-8. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.12120086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gao W, Sweeney C, Connolly M, Kennedy A, Ng CT, McCormick J, Veale DJ, Fearon U. Notch-1 mediates hypoxia-induced angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:2104-13. [PMID: 22275240 DOI: 10.1002/art.34397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of hypoxia on Notch-1 signaling pathway components and angiogenesis in inflammatory arthritis. METHODS The expression and regulation of Notch-1, its ligand delta-like protein 4 (DLL-4) and downstream signaling components (hairy-related transcription factor 1 [HRT-1], HRT-2), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions (1-3%) were assessed in synovial tissue specimens from patients with inflammatory arthritis and controls and in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) by immunohistology, dual immunofluorescence staining (Notch-1/factor VIII), Western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. In vivo synovial tissue oxygen levels (tissue PO2) were measured under direct visualization at arthroscopy. HDMEC activation under hypoxic conditions in the presence of Notch-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT, or dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) was assessed by Matrigel tube formation assay, migration assay, invasion assay, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2)/MMP-9 zymography. RESULTS Expression of Notch-1, its ligand DLL-4, and HRT-1 was demonstrated in synovial tissue, with the strongest expression localized to perivascular/vascular regions. Localization of Notch-1 to synovial endothelium was confirmed by dual immunofluorescence staining. Notch-1 intracellular domain (NICD) expression was significantly higher in synovial tissue from patients with tissue PO2 of <20 mm Hg (<3% O2) than in those with tissue PO2 of >20 mm Hg (>3% O2). Exposure of HDMECs to 3% hypoxia induced HIF-1α and NICD protein expression and DLL-4, HRT-1, and HRT-2 messenger RNA expression. DMOG directly induced NICD expression, while Notch-1 siRNA inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression, suggesting that Notch-1/HIF-1α signaling is bidirectional. Finally, 3% hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell invasion, and proMMP-2 and proMMP-9 activities were inhibited by Notch-1 siRNA and/or the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that Notch-1 is expressed in synovial tissue and that increased NICD expression is associated with low in vivo tissue PO2. Furthermore, Notch-1/HIF-1α interactions mediate hypoxia-induced angiogenesis and invasion in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Lu D, Xia Y, Tong B, Zhang C, Pan R, Xu H, Yang X, Dai Y. In vitro anti-angiogenesis effects and active constituents of the saponin fraction from Gleditsia sinensis. Integr Cancer Ther 2012; 13:446-57. [PMID: 22505594 DOI: 10.1177/1534735412442377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anomalous fruits of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (Leguminosae), a crude drug in China, have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The saponin fraction isolated from the fruits (SFGS) is considered as the active component for the antitumor activity of this crude drug. OBJECTIVES The present study was performed to investigate the anti-angiogenesis activities and active constituents of SFGS. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with SFGS in the presence or absence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in vitro. The proliferation, migration, and tube formation were studied by MTT, Transwell, and 2D Matrigel assays, respectively. The cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and western blot analysis for caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 as well as Fas were performed. In addition, the effects of 13 saponin compounds isolated from SFGS on the tube formation of HUVECs were screened, and the structure-activity relationships were discussed. RESULTS SFGS, at concentrations (1, 3, and 10 µg/mL) without significant cytotoxicity on endothelial cells, significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs induced by bFGF (10 ng/mL). It moderately arrested the cell cycle to G1 phase but greatly induced cell apoptosis and increased the expressions of caspases-3, caspase-8, and Fas but not caspase-9 in HUVECs. Moreover, SFGS did not affect the bFGF-induced autosecretion of VEGF from endothelial cells. Among the 13 saponin compounds tested, gleditsiosides B, I, J, O, and Q showed inhibition of the tube formation at a concentration of 3 µM, and only gleditsioside B exerted significant inhibition at 1 µM. CONCLUSION SFGS is substantially able to prevent angiogenesis by interfering with multiple steps. The findings provide a new explanation for the antitumor effects of G sinensis fruits. Gleditsiosides B, I, J, O, and Q are probably the main active constituents of SFGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - YuFeng Xia
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Tong
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Rong Pan
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Xu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Dai
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Bruneau S, Woda CB, Daly KP, Boneschansker L, Jain NG, Kochupurakkal N, Contreras AG, Seto T, Briscoe DM. Key Features of the Intragraft Microenvironment that Determine Long-Term Survival Following Transplantation. Front Immunol 2012; 3:54. [PMID: 22566935 PMCID: PMC3342046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss how changes in the intragraft microenvironment serve to promote or sustain the development of chronic allograft rejection. We propose two key elements within the microenvironment that contribute to the rejection process. The first is endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis that serve to create abnormal microvascular blood flow patterns as well as local tissue hypoxia, and precedes endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. The second is the overexpression of local cytokines and growth factors that serve to sustain inflammation and, in turn, function to promote a leukocyte-induced angiogenesis reaction. Central to both events is overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is both pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic, and thus drives progression of the chronic rejection microenvironment. In our discussion, we focus on how inflammation results in angiogenesis and how leukocyte-induced angiogenesis is pathological. We also discuss how VEGF is a master control factor that fosters the development of the chronic rejection microenvironment. Overall, this review provides insight into the intragraft microenvironment as an important paradigm for future direction in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bruneau
- The Division of Nephrology, Transplantation Research Center, Children's Hospital Boston Boston, MA, USA
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Soumya SJ, Binu S, Helen A, Anil Kumar K, Reddanna P, Sudhakaran PR. Effect of 15-lipoxygenase metabolites on angiogenesis: 15(S)-HPETE is angiostatic and 15(S)-HETE is angiogenic. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:707-18. [PMID: 22450700 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 15(S)-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid [15(S)-HETE] and 15(S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid [15(S)-HPETE] are the products of arachidonic acid formed in the 15-lipoxygenase pathway. They have opposing effects on the inflammatory process. The present study was designed to examine the role of these metabolites on angiogenesis, which is critically associated with inflammatory conditions. METHODS Chick chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM), rat aortic rings and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in culture were used to study the effect of 15(S)-HETE and 15(S)-HPETE on angiogenesis. Biochemical markers of angiogenesis were analysed by ELISA. RESULTS 15(S)-HETE increased vessel density in chick CAM, induced sprouting in rat aortic rings and increased endothelial cell-cell contact and formation of tubular network-like structures in HUVECs. Furthermore, it up-regulated the expression of CD31, E-selectin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in HUVECs, indicating its pro-angiogenic effect. 15(S)-HPETE, on the other hand, decreased vessel density in chick CAM, down-regulated the expression of E-selectin (<35 %), VEGF (<90 %) and CD31 (<50 %) and did not produce sprouting in aortic rings, suggesting an anti-angiogenic property. 15(S)-HETE-mediated up-regulation of CD 31 and VEGF was reversed by treatment with 15(S)-HPETE. CONCLUSION These results indicate the divergent effects of hydroxy and hydroperoxy products of 15-LOX on angiogenesis, highlighting the role of these products in the co-dependence of inflammation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikumar J Soumya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581 Kerala, India
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Coordination of lapachol to bismuth(III) improves its anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities. Biometals 2011; 25:55-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-011-9481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Marrelli A, Cipriani P, Liakouli V, Carubbi F, Perricone C, Perricone R, Giacomelli R. Angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis: A disease specific process or a common response to chronic inflammation? Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10:595-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Kennedy A, Ng CT, Chang TC, Biniecka M, O'Sullivan JN, Heffernan E, Fearon U, Veale DJ. Tumor necrosis factor blocking therapy alters joint inflammation and hypoxia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:923-32. [PMID: 21225682 DOI: 10.1002/art.30221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocking therapy on hypoxia in vivo, macroscopic and microscopic inflammation, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results in patients with inflammatory arthritis. METHODS Patients with inflammatory arthritis (n = 20) underwent full clinical assessment, arthroscopy, synovial biopsy, and MRI before and after initiation of biologic therapy. Macroscopic synovitis/vascularity was assessed with a visual analog scale, and tissue PO(2) (tPO(2) ) was measured at arthroscopy using a Licox probe. Cell-specific markers (CD4, CD8, CD68, CD20, and CD19) and blood vessel maturity were quantified by immunohistologic analysis and dual-immunofluorescence factor VIII/α-smooth muscle actin staining, respectively. Contiguous gadoteric acid-enhanced MRI of the target knee was used to assess synovial enhancement. RESULTS Biologic therapy responders showed a significant increase of tPO(2) in vivo (P < 0.05). This response was associated with significant reductions in 28-joint Disease Activity Score using the C-reactive protein level (DAS28-CRP) (P = 0.012), macroscopic synovitis (P = 0.017), macroscopic vascularity (P = 0.05), CD4+ T cells (P < 0.041), and CD68+ macrophages (P < 0.011). Blood vessel numbers were also reduced in responders; however, this did not reach statistical significance. Strong inverse correlations were demonstrated between changes in tPo(2) levels and changes in DAS28-CRP (r = -0.53, P < 0.001), CD4 (r = -0.44, P < 0.026), CD68 (r = -0.46, P < 0.003), and macroscopic vascularity (r = -0.314, P = 0.049) after therapy. Furthermore, changes in inflammation as measured by MRI showed a strong inverse correlation with tPO(2) levels (r = -0.688, P < 0.002) and positive correlations with CRP levels (r = 0.707, P = 0.001), macroscopic synovitis (r = 0.457, P = 0.056), macroscopic vascularity (r = 0.528, P= 0.017), CD4 (r = 0.553, P < 0.032), and CD68 (r = 0.670, P < 0.002) after therapy. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show that successful biologic therapy significantly improves in vivo synovial hypoxia. Changes are strongly associated with changes in macroscopic and microscopic measures of joint inflammation and MRI improvement. These data further strengthen the concept that hypoxia is an important event driving synovial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Kennedy
- Dublin Academic Medical Centre, The Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College, Dublin, Ireland
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66
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“In vivo” evaluation of the vascular pattern in oral peri-implant tissues. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:148-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pesesse L, Sanchez C, Henrotin Y. Osteochondral plate angiogenesis: a new treatment target in osteoarthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2010; 78:144-9. [PMID: 20851653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Healthy adult joint cartilage contains neither blood vessels nor nerves. Osteoarthritic cartilage, in contrast, may be invaded by blood vessels from the subchondral bone. The mechanisms underlying cartilage angiogenesis in osteoarthritis are unclear but may involve hypertrophic chondrocyte differentiation. Active research is under way to identify the factors involved in cartilage angiogenesis. Here, we discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of osteoarthritic cartilage angiogenesis based on evidence from a systematic literature review of articles retrieved via PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge. Our conclusions suggest new research perspectives and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Pesesse
- Unité de Recherche Sur l'Os et le Cartilage, Institut de Pathologie, Université de Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Abstract
Angiogenesis and vessel remodeling determine the integrative control of the architectural structure and functional behaviors of the microcirculation over the lifetime of an organism. Vascular remodeling is the basis of promising therapeutic strategies, including vascularization of ischemic organs. The history of angiogenesis research is long-more than 250 years-and the Microcirculatory Society has been the birthplace of numerous techniques, assays, and scientific concepts that have stimulated massive research endeavors in the pharmaceutical and medical arena. At present, angiogenesis isa dynamic field in which the molecular genetic and proteomic components of the process are still being identified, while integrative systems approaches are once again being recognized as essential to understand microvascular assembly in vivo across multiple scales from cells to whole vessel networks. A short history of people and ideas in this field is presented, followed by discussion of emerging directions receiving intense attention today and major questions that remain unanswered. The primary conclusion is that the need for scientists trained in the integrative approaches nurtured by the Microcirculatory Society over the past 50 years has never been greater, as it is clear that a complete mechanistic understanding of vessel adaptation (based on genomic and proteomic supporting casts) will now require deeper studies of angiogenesis and microvascular remodeling in the exquisite complexity of the native microenvironment-the microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Skalak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Basu A, Hoerning A, Datta D, Edelbauer M, Stack MP, Calzadilla K, Pal S, Briscoe DM. Cutting edge: Vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated signaling in human CD45RO+ CD4+ T cells promotes Akt and ERK activation and costimulates IFN-gamma production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 184:545-9. [PMID: 20008289 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we find that CD45RO+ memory populations of CD4+ T lymphocytes express the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors KDR and Flt-1 at both the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, by Western blot analysis, we find that VEGF increases the phosphorylation and activation of ERK and Akt within CD4+CD45RO+ T cells. These VEGF-mediated signaling responses were inhibited by a KDR-specific small interfering RNA in a VEGF receptor-expressing Jurkat T cell line and by SU5416, a pharmacological KDR inhibitor, in CD4+CD45RO+ T cells. We also find that VEGF augments mitogen-induced production of IFN-gamma in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.001) and significantly (p < 0.05) increases directed chemotaxis of this T cell subset. Collectively, our results for the first time define a novel function for VEGF and KDR in CD45RO+ memory T cell responses that are likely of great pathophysiological importance in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aninda Basu
- Transplantation Research Center and the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kim SA, Lee HJ, Ahn KS, Lee HJ, Lee EO, Ahn KS, Choi SH, Jung SJ, Kim JY, Baek N, Kim SH. Paeonol exerts anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic activities through downmodulation of Akt activation and inactivation of matrix metalloproteinases. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1142-7. [PMID: 19571375 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Paeonol (2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone) is known to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities. Recently there is evidence that anti-inflammatory agents may be useful in the setting of angiogenesis-related diseases. Thus in the present study the anti-angiogenic activity of paeonol and its mechanism were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Paeonol significantly inhibited proliferation of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Paeonol also significantly inhibited migration and tube formation of bFGF-stimulated HUVECs in vitro. In addition, paeonol significantly suppressed neovessel formation on bFGF-treated chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and disrupted bFGF-induced neovascularization in Matrigel plug assay in vivo. Furthermore, paeonol downregluated Akt phosphorylation in bFGF-stimulated HUVECs and reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. The Akt inhibitor LY294002 synergistically potentiated paeonol-induced inactivation of Akt and vascular endothelial growth factor in bFGF-treated HUVECs. Taken together, these findings suggest that paeonol can be a potent suppressor of angiogenesis and metastasis partially through inhibition of Akt signaling pathway and matrix metalloproteinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ae Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University
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Herseth JI, Refsnes M, Låg M, Schwarze PE. Role of IL-1β and COX2 in silica-induced IL-6 release and loss of pneumocytes in co-cultures. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:1342-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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You SS, Jiang YX, Zhu QL, Liu JB, Zhang J, Dai Q, Liu H, Sun Q. US-guided diffused optical tomography: a promising functional imaging technique in breast lesions. Eur Radiol 2009; 20:309-17. [PMID: 19707770 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-009-1551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided diffused optical tomography (DOT) in differentiating malignant breast lesions from benign lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS From October 2007 to August 2008, 198 women with 214 lesions scheduled for open biopsy were included in this study. Conventional US was used to locate the breast lesion, and DOT to measure the total haemoglobin concentration (THC) for each breast lesion. Sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy were determined with surgical pathology as the gold standard. RESULTS There were 96 benign lesions and 118 malignant lesions. The total haemoglobin concentration (THC) of all 214 lesions was calculated from DOT. The average THC in benign lesions was 125.5 +/- 83.4 micromol/L, and in malignant lesions 222.2 +/- 87.2 micromol/L. The THC of malignant lesions was significantly higher than that of benign lesions (p < 0.05). When a THC of 140 micromol/L was used as the cutoff value for differentiating breast cancer from benign lesions, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of DOT were 83.9%, 66.7%, 76.2%, 75.6% and 77.1%, respectively. Our study demonstrated that THC was significantly higher in malignant lesions than in benign lesions. CONCLUSION US-guided diffused optical tomography, a noninvasive functional imaging technique, has potential utility in differentiating breast cancer from benign lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan You
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China
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Wang C, Duan H, He L. Inhibitory effect of atractylenolide I on angiogenesis in chronic inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 612:143-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Koziczak-Holbro M, Littlewood-Evans A, Pöllinger B, Kovarik J, Dawson J, Zenke G, Burkhart C, Müller M, Gram H. The critical role of kinase activity of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 in animal models of joint inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:1661-71. [DOI: 10.1002/art.24552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Plum SM, Park EJ, Strawn SJ, Moore EG, Sidor CF, Fogler WE. Disease modifying and antiangiogenic activity of 2-methoxyestradiol in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2009; 10:46. [PMID: 19409094 PMCID: PMC2687416 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-10-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A critical component of disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves neovascularization associated with pannus formation. 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) is a naturally occurring molecule with no known physiologic function, although at pharmacologic concentrations it has antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities. We investigated the impact of orally administered 2ME2 on the initiation and development of proliferative synovitis using the anti-collagen monoclonal antibodies (CAIA) model. Methods Severe polyarticular arthritis was induced in Balb/c female mice by administration of 2 mg of a monoclonal antibody cocktail intravenously into the tail vein of mice. Twenty-four hours following monoclonal antibody administration, mice were injected with 25 μg of LPS (E. coli strain 0111:B4) via the intraperitoneal route. Treatment with 2ME2 (100, 75, 50, 25, 10, 1 mg/kg, p.o., daily), or vehicle control began 24 hrs following LPS challenge and continued to day 21. Hind limbs were harvested, sectioned and evaluated for DMARD activity and general histopathology by histomorphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry (vWF staining). In a separate study, different dosing regimens of 2ME2 (100 mg/kg; q.d. vs q.w. vs q.w. × 2) were evaluated. The effect of treatment with 2ME2 on gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic growth factors in the joint space was evaluated 5 and 14 days after the induction of arthritis. Results Mice treated with 2ME2 beginning 24 hours post anti-collagen monoclonal antibody injection, showed a dose-dependent inhibition in mean arthritic scores. At study termination (day 21), blinded histomorphometric assessments of sectioned hind limbs demonstrated decreases in synovial inflammation, articular cartilage degradation, pannus formation, osteoclast activity and bone resorption. At the maximal efficacious dosing regimen (100 mg/kg/day), administration of 2ME2 resulted in total inhibition of the study parameters and prevented neovascularization into the joint. Examination of gene expression on dissected hind limbs from mice treated for 5 or 14 days with 2ME2 showed inhibition of inflammatory cytokine message for IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17, as well as the angiogenic cytokines, VEGF and FGF-2. Conclusion These data demonstrate that in the CAIA mouse model of RA, 2ME2 has disease modifying activity that is at least partially attributable to the inhibition of neovascular development. Further, the data suggests new mechanistic points of intervention for 2ME2 in RA, specifically inhibition of inflammatory mediators and osteoclast activity.
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Scaldaferri F, Vetrano S, Sans M, Arena V, Straface G, Stigliano E, Repici A, Sturm A, Malesci A, Panes J, Yla-Herttuala S, Fiocchi C, Danese S. VEGF-A links angiogenesis and inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis. Gastroenterology 2009; 136:585-95.e5. [PMID: 19013462 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 09/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) mediates angiogenesis and might also have a role in inflammation and immunity. We examined whether VEGF-A signaling has a role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Expression levels of VEGF-A, and its receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, were examined in samples from patients with IBD and compared with those of controls. The capacity of VEGF-A to induce angiogenesis was tested in human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells using cell-migration and matrigel tubule-formation assays. Levels of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule were measured by flow cytometry to determine induction of inflammation; neutrophil adhesion was also assayed. Expression patterns were determined in tissues from mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis; the effects of VEGF-A overexpression and blockade were assessed in these mice by adenoviral transfer of VEGF-A and soluble VEGFR-1. Intestinal angiogenesis was measured by quantitative CD31 staining and leukocyte adhesion in vivo by intravital microscopy. RESULTS Levels of VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 increased in samples from patients with IBD and colitic mice. VEGF-A induced angiogenesis of human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro as well as an inflammatory phenotype and adherence of neutrophils to intestinal endothelium. Overexpression of VEGF-A in mice with DSS-induced colitis worsened their condition, whereas overexpression of soluble VEGFR-1 had the opposite effect. Furthermore, overexpression of VEGF-A increased mucosal angiogenesis and stimulated leukocyte adhesion in vivo. CONCLUSIONS VEGF-A appears to be a novel mediator of IBD by promoting intestinal angiogenesis and inflammation. Agents that block VEGF-A signaling might reduce intestinal inflammation in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Scaldaferri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, University of Milan, Milan; Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Lee JS, Park BC, Ko YJ, Choi MK, Choi HG, Yong CS, Lee JS, Kim JA. Grifola frondosa(Maitake Mushroom) Water Extract Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Angiogenesis Through Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Phosphorylation. J Med Food 2008; 11:643-51. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Suk Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Lee
- School of Food Technology and Food Service Industry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Much has been documented in recent years on the possible involvement of angiogenesis in osteoarthritis. An understanding of the various regulatory mechanisms controlling blood vessel growth in the joint should lead to novel therapeutics, which selectively inhibit undesirable angiogenesis. Here, we summarize recent findings on the roles of angiogenesis in osteoarthritis and place this evidence in the context of previous literature in order to help explain pain and disease progression. RECENT FINDINGS Inflammation and angiogenesis are closely associated in osteoarthritis, modulating functions of chondrocytes, contributing towards abnormal tissue growth and perfusion, ossification and endochondral bone development, leading to radiographic changes observed in the joint. Innervation accompanies vascularization and inflammation, hypoxia and mechanical overload are all thought to contribute in sensitizing these new nerves leading to increased pain. Articular cartilage provides a unique environment in which blood vessel growth is regulated by endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors and matrix constituents, as well as by growth factors produced by chondrocytes, subchondral bone and synovium. MRI and ultrasound enable the in-vivo visualization of abnormal vascularity in synovium and subchondral bone that have not been apparent with conventional radiography. As a result of these new findings, the widely accepted notion that osteoarthritis is primarily a disease of the cartilage is being challenged. SUMMARY Molecular mechanisms and consequences of angiogenesis in osteoarthritis are slowly being elucidated. Studies, both in humans and animal models, support the notion that inhibiting angiogenesis will provide effective therapeutic strategies for treating osteoarthritis. Better techniques that can more precisely visualize the vascular changes of the whole joint can further enhance our understanding of osteoarthritis, and can provide proof of concept and early evidence of efficacy in trials of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Ahn MH, Park BJ, Kwon JH, An SH, Park JW, Jang AS, Rhim T, Park CS. Asp-Tyr-Leu-Lys tetrapeptide inhibits airway inflammation in toluene-2,4-diisocyanate-induced asthma mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 38:1025-32. [PMID: 18498544 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway inflammation and remodelling contribute to chronic airway obstruction of asthma. Currently, no medication effectively controls airway remodelling and related vascular changes. Therefore, new strategies need to be developed. The kringle 5 domain has anti-angiogenic activity resulting from the tetrapeptide Lys-Leu-Tyr-Asp (KLYD). OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect of KLYD and its inverse form Asp-Tyr-Leu-Lys (DYLK) on the inflammation and remodelling of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI)-sensitization/challenged mice. METHODS Cell numbers were measured in the presence of various concentrations of KLYD and DYLK using in vitro endothelial cell proliferation assay. The changes of cell number and the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and response to methacholine (MCh) were measured using the in vivo TDI-sensitized/challenged mice model. Muc5ac, smooth muscle actin (SMA) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression was analysed on trachea and intrapulmonary bronchi using immunohistochemical stain. RESULTS Compared with KLYD, DYLK had a greater inhibitory effect on endothelial cell proliferation (P<0.05). Pre-treatment of DYLK showed dose-dependent reduction in the response to MCh (P<0.05) and numbers of inflammatory cells in BAL fluids of TDI-sensitized/challenged mice. TDI induced increases in Muc5ac, SMA and PCNA protein expression and VEGF levels, which were also abolished by DYLK treatment. CONCLUSIONS Local administration of DYLK effectively inhibits the airway inflammation and airway remodelling of TDI-sensitized/challenged mice via down-regulation of VEGF. These findings suggest that anti-angiogenic peptide therapies, such as local administration of DYLK, are an effective strategy for the treatment of remodelling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-H Ahn
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Siafakas NM, Antoniou KM, Tzortzaki EG. Role of angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2007; 2:453-62. [PMID: 18268919 PMCID: PMC2699970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, angiogenesis and pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD has been investigated. It has been hypothesized that endothelial dysfunction might be an initiating event that promotes vessel remodeling in COPD. Inflammatory tissue--a pivotal pathological feature of COPD--often hypoxic, can induce angiogenesis through upregulation of factors such as VEGF or FGF and regulators of angiogenesis such as chemokines (CXC family), acting either as angiogenic or angiostatic. Angiopoietins are distinct molecules that act in association with VEGF at different stages of angiogenic process. The regulation of angiogenesis is determined by a dual, yet opposing balance of angiogenic and angiostatic factors that promote or inhibit neovascularization, respectively, not yet elucidated in detail in COPD. Recent studies suggested an increased expression of VEGF in pulmonary muscular arteries of patients with moderate COPD and also in smokers with normal lung function. This was also associated with enlargement of the arterial wall. However, in patients with severe emphysema, the expression of VEGF tended to be low, despite intense vascular remodelling. Furthermore, it has been suggested that VEGF might be involved in the pathogenesis of emphysema through apoptotic mechanisms. Experimental studies showed that the lung microvascular endothelial cells (including the alveolar septal capillary cells) are particularly vulnerable and dependent on VEGF for their survival. Apoptosis of endothelial, leading to the loss of capillaries may well be a central mechanism in patients with emphysema and muscle wasting. This review article summarizes the current knowledge regarding the contribution of vascular remodeling, as well as the pathogenetic and therapeutic implications of pivotal angiogenic mediators, in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos M Siafakas
- Correspondence: Nikolaos M Siafakas, Professor of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Thoracic Medicine, University General Hospital, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece, Tel +30 2810 392 433, Fax +30 2810 542 650, Email
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Abstract
The growth of new blood vessels may be either beneficial or harmful. The angiogenic process may be measured by a variety of techniques, although it may often be the quality rather than quantity of resulting blood vessels that determines function. Endothelial cells play a key role in the initiation of angiogenesis, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may be viewed as a prototypical direct-acting angiogenic factor. VEGF acts through multiple cell surface receptors and signaling pathways to stimulate endothelial cell proliferation, survival, and migration. By inducing other growth factor expression, VEGF stimulates a cascade of angiogenic activity. Different tissues may utilize various angiogenic pathways that are modulated by diverse host tissue responses. Furthermore, a single tissue may progress through a sequence of angiogenic pathways, for example, as acute injury progresses to chronic inflammation. The phenotype of the resulting neovasculature is critically dependent on the context in which it is formed. Biomarkers of angiogenesis are being developed as an aid to assessing human disease. Histological assessment of vascular density and angiogenic factor expression, in vivo imaging, Doppler ultrasound, and biofluid assays each may have clinical utility. Therapeutic targeting of angiogenesis will depend both on the generation of acceptable pharmacological agents and on the identification of patients who may and do gain benefit from such treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Walsh
- Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
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McDonald DM. Imaging of angiogenesis in inflammation and cancer: lessons for novel treatment of allergic rhinitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.00119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Danese S, Sans M, Spencer DM, Beck I, Doñate F, Plunkett ML, de la Motte C, Redline R, Shaw DE, Levine AD, Mazar AP, Fiocchi C. Angiogenesis blockade as a new therapeutic approach to experimental colitis. Gut 2007; 56:855-62. [PMID: 17170016 PMCID: PMC1954843 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2006.114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoangiogenesis is a critical component of chronic inflammatory disorders. Inhibition of angiogenesis is an effective treatment in animal models of inflammation, but has not been tested in experimental colitis. AIM To investigate the effect of ATN-161, an anti-angiogenic compound, on the course of experimental murine colitis. METHOD Interleukin 10-deficient (IL10(-/-)) mice and wild-type mice were kept in ultra-barrier facilities (UBF) or conventional housing, and used for experimental conditions. Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-treated mice were used as a model of acute colitis. Mice were treated with ATN-161 or its scrambled peptide ATN-163. Mucosal neoangiogenesis and mean vascular density (MVD) were assessed by CD31 staining. A Disease Activity Index (DAI) was determined, and the severity of colitis was determined by a histological score. Colonic cytokine production was measured by ELISA, and lamina propria mononuclear cell proliferation by thymidine incorporation. RESULT MVD increased in parallel with disease progression in IL10(-/-) mice kept in conventional housing, but not in IL10(-/-) mice kept in UBF. Angiogenesis also occurred in DSS-treated animals. IL10(-/-) mice with established disease treated with ATN-161, but not with ATN-163, showed a significant and progressive decrease in DAI. The histological colitis score was significantly lower in ATN-161-treated mice than in scrambled peptide-treated mice. Inhibition of angiogenesis was confirmed by a significant decrease of MVD in ATN-161-treated mice than in ATN-163-treated mice. No therapeutic effects were observed in the DSS model of colitis. ATN-161 showed no direct immunomodulatory activity in vitro. CONCLUSION Active angiogenesis occurs in the gut of IL10(-/-) and DSS-treated colitic mice and parallels disease progression. ATN-161 effectively decreases angiogenesis as well as clinical severity and histological inflammation in IL10(-/-) mice but not in the DDS model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The results provide the rational basis for considering anti-angiogenic strategies in the treatment of IBD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Danese
- Division of Gastroenterology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy.
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Schueller-Weidekamm C, Schueller G, Aringer M, Weber M, Kainberger F. Impact of sonography in gouty arthritis: Comparison with conventional radiography, clinical examination, and laboratory findings. Eur J Radiol 2007; 62:437-43. [PMID: 17234377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the typical sonographic features of gray-scale and Power Doppler of acute and chronic gouty arthritis in conjunction with radiographic, clinical, and laboratory findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS All hand, finger, and toe joints of 19 patients with acute and chronic gout were examined with gray-scale and Power Doppler sonography. The number and size of bone changes detected with sonography was compared to radiographic findings. Vascularization of the synovial tissue was scored on Power Doppler (grades 0-3), and was compared with clinical appearance, including swelling, tenderness, and redness (grades 0-3). RESULTS In acute gout, mild to moderate echogenic periarticular nodules with sonotransmission and hypervascularization of the edematous surrounding soft tissue were found. In chronic gout, tophaceous nodules completely blocked transmission of US wave, leading to strong reflexion and dorsal shadowing in a minority of cases. No significant difference in the detection of large bone changes (>2mm) was found between sonography and radiography. However, gray-scale sonography was significantly more sensitive in the detection of small bone changes (p<0.001). Power Doppler scores were statistically significantly higher than clinical examination scores (p<0.001). DISCUSSION Sonography is superior to radiographs in evaluating small bone changes. The inflammatory process in joints can be better detected with Power Doppler sonography than with clinical examination. Typical sonographic appearance of acute and in particular of chronic gout might provide clues on gouty arthritis that adds to the information available from conventional radiography, clinical, and laboratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schueller-Weidekamm
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Araico A, Terencio MC, Alcaraz MJ, Domínguez JN, León C, Ferrándiz ML. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Me-UCH9, a dual cyclooxygenase-2/5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Life Sci 2007; 80:2108-2117. [PMID: 17490689 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported the dual inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) activity by some phenylsulphonyl urenyl chalcone derivatives. 2,4-dichloro-4'N[N'(4''methylphenylsulphonyl)urenyl] chalcone (Me-UCH9), was selected in the present study to determine its potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect after oral administration in several animal models related to the activation of COX-2 and 5-LO pathways. In the zymosan stimulated mouse air pouch model, Me-UCH9, reduced in a dose-dependent manner leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) levels in pouch exudates obtained at 4 h, as well as prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) generated through COX-2 activation at 24 h. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and myeloperoxidase activity were also strongly inhibited in this model. Me-UCH9 significantly reduced granuloma size and vascular index determined in the murine air pouch granuloma model of angiogenesis. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema, this compound inhibited inflammatory response and pain, as well as PGE(2) and LTB(4) content in paw edematous fluid. Analgesic properties were corroborated in the murine phenyl-p-benzoquinone-induced writhing test. Finally, Me-UCH9 exerted anti-inflammatory effects in the chronic model of rat adjuvant-induced arthritis, both inhibiting paw swelling and reducing PGE(2) content. Our findings confirm that Me-UCH9 can modulate inflammatory and nociceptive responses in relation to the dual inhibition of COX-2 and 5-LO activities presented by this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Araico
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - M C Terencio
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - M J Alcaraz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - J N Domínguez
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas 1051, Venezuela
| | - C León
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas 1051, Venezuela
| | - M L Ferrándiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Schueller-Weidekamm C, Krestan C, Schueller G, Kapral T, Aletaha D, Kainberger F. Power Doppler sonography and pulse-inversion harmonic imaging in evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis synovitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007; 188:504-8. [PMID: 17242261 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.05.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the value of contrast-enhanced pulse-inversion harmonic imaging (PIHI) to detect synovial vascularization and thus the therapeutic effects of prednisolone treatment on the inflammation in finger joints in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Before and after 7 days of mid- to high-dose steroid therapy, blood tests and clinical and sonographic examinations were assessed in 14 patients. Two hundred eighty finger joints (metacarpophalangeal [MCP] I-V, interphalangeal [IP], and proximal interphalangeal [PIP] II-V) were investigated on power Doppler sonography to determine, in each patient, the finger joint with the strongest hypervascularization and to score the synovial vascularization. Further dynamic examination of the selected joint was performed on PIHI after i.v. administration of a second-generation sonographic contrast medium. Vascularization was quantified by calculating the area under the time-intensity curves. The changes in signal intensities before and after therapy were correlated with clinical examinations (disease activity score [DAS]). RESULTS The score of the joint with the strongest hypervascularization assessed by power Doppler sonography decreased significantly from 1.7 to 1.3 (p < 0.01); however, in six patients, no change was assessed after steroid therapy. In all patients, a significant reduction in PIHI signals was observed after therapy (p < 0.05). The baseline and follow-up median values of the area under the time-intensity curves were 8.56 +/- 1.28 and 7.65 +/- 0.66, respectively. The median values of the DAS decreased significantly from 4.90 +/- 0.86 to 3.6 +/- 1.0 (p < 0.01) 7 days after the steroid therapy. CONCLUSION PIHI and power Doppler sonography enable the detection of synovial perfusion alterations after steroid therapy and, therefore, may be useful tools for the evaluation of active inflammation in RA and for the assessment of therapeutic response. However, minor changes of synovial vascularization can be better detected on PIHI than on power Doppler sonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schueller-Weidekamm
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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87
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Matsumoto K, Honda K, Ohshima M, Yamaguchi Y, Nakajima I, Micke P, Otsuka K. Cytokine profile in synovial fluid from patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint: a preliminary study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2007; 35:432-41. [PMID: 17082335 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/77288976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) comprise a group of chronic painful conditions of mastication in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Although the association between TMD and internal derangement of the TMJ is well documented, the functional relevance is still unclear. Increased concentrations of inflammatory mediators have been identified in the synovial fluid of affected patients with TMD, suggesting an underlying degenerative or inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to generate a comprehensive cytokine expression profile in TMD. METHODS 15 samples from patients with internal derangement of TMJ were analysed using a novel cytokine array that enables the analysis of 79 different cytokines simultaneously. RESULTS Cytokine levels were correlated with the presence of joint effusion (JE) determined by MRI. In the majority of synovial fluid samples, angiogenin (Ang), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-9, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-3, interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-8, inducible protein (IP)-10, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta, osteoprotegerin (OPG), transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-beta and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detectable. Furthermore, the expression levels of Ang, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), FGF-4, FGF-9, IGFBP-2, IL-8, MIP-1beta, OPG, pulmonary and activation-regulated protein (PARC), TGF-beta2, TIMP-2 and VEGF were significantly associated with the presence of JE; among these, nine cytokines (Ang, BDNF, FGF-4, FGF-9, IGFBP-2, MIP-1beta, PARC, TGF-beta2 and TIMP-2) were hitherto not described in TMD. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed previous reports of elevated cytokine levels in TMD. Additionally, we identified previously undescribed cytokines that were upregulated and correlated significantly with the presence of JE. We were able to identify novel cytokines that have hitherto not been described in TMD. Strategies targeting the identified cytokines may represent a novel therapy option in TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsumoto
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
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88
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Narendhira R, Subramania S, Kandaswamy M. Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Activity of Cleome gynandra L. Leaf Extract on Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Arthritis Studied in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3923/jpt.2007.44.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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89
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Sheeja K, Guruvayoorappan C, Kuttan G. Antiangiogenic activity of Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 7:211-21. [PMID: 17178389 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 09/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of angiogenesis is currently perceived as one of the promising strategies in the treatment of cancer. In this study we analyzed the antiangiogenic activity of Andrographis paniculata extract (APE) and its major component andrographolide (ANDLE) using both in vitro and in vivo models. Intraperitoneal administration of APE and ANDLE significantly inhibited the B16F-10 melanoma cell line induced capillary formation in C57BL/6 mice. Analysis of serum cytokine profile showed a drastic elevation in the proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and GM-CSF and the most potent angiogenic factor VEGF in angiogenesis induced animals. Treatment of APE and ANDLE significantly reduced this elevated levels. Moreover, VEGF mRNA level in B16F-10 cell line showed a reduced level of expression in the presence of APE and ANDLE. Serum NO level which was increased in B16F-10 melanoma injected control animals was also found to be significantly lowered by the administration of APE and ANDLE. Antiangiogenic factors such as TIMP-1 and IL-2 level was elevated in APE and ANDLE treated angiogenesis induced animals. In the rat aortic ring assay APE and ANDLE inhibited the microvessel outgrowth at non toxic concentrations. Taken together our results demonstrate that APE and ANDLE inhibit the tumor specific angiogenesis by regulating the production of various pro and antiangiogenic factors such as proinflammatory cytokine, nitric oxide, VEGF, IL-2 and TIMP-1.
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MESH Headings
- Andrographis/chemistry
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/blood
- Diterpenes/pharmacology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/blood
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sheeja
- Department of Immunology, Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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90
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Milner R, Campbell IL. Increased expression of the beta4 and alpha5 integrin subunits in cerebral blood vessels of transgenic mice chronically producing the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 or IFN-alpha in the central nervous system. Mol Cell Neurosci 2006; 33:429-40. [PMID: 17049262 PMCID: PMC1847624 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2006.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2006] [Revised: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that vascular function is strongly regulated by extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins via integrin-mediated signaling. To determine whether integrin expression on cerebral blood vessels is altered during chronic neuroinflammation, we examined beta1 and beta4 integrin expression in transgenic mice with astrocyte production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) or interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). Chronic production of IL-6 or IFN-alpha in the CNS promoted vascular expression of the beta4 and alpha5 integrin subunits, and this was contributed mostly by astrocytes. Vascular expression of the ECM ligands laminin and fibronectin was also increased. Cell culture studies showed that astrocyte expression of the beta4 and alpha5 integrins was significantly upregulated by IL-6 and IFN-alpha, respectively, while endothelial expression of these integrins was unchanged. These results show that astrocytes respond to IL-6 and IFN-alpha by upregulating integrin expression. We propose that during neuroinflammation, astrocytes attempt to increase adhesive interactions at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), in order to increase barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Milner
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, MEM-132, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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91
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Abstract
Several studies have shown alterations in vascular anatomy and physiology in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These findings, together with the observed upregulation of the mediators of angiogenesis in IBD patients, suggest that angiogenesis possibly contributes to the initiation and perpetuation of IBD. There is considerable evidence of an interrelationship between the mechanisms of angiogenesis and chronic inflammation in IBD. The increased expression of endothelial junction adhesion molecules found in IBD patients indicates the presence of active angiogenesis. Evidence that angiogenesis is involved in IBD was also obtained from animal models of colitis, most notably from studies of angiogenesis inhibition. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) correlate with disease activity in human IBD and fall with the use of steroids, thalidomide, or infliximab. Pharmacological inhibition of angiogenesis, therefore, has the potential to be a therapeutic strategy in IBD. This review outlines the evidence that the rate of angiogenesis is increased in the inflamed intestine in IBD and proposes lines for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis E Koutroubakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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92
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Danese S, Sans M, de la Motte C, Graziani C, West G, Phillips MH, Pola R, Rutella S, Willis J, Gasbarrini A, Fiocchi C. Angiogenesis as a novel component of inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis. Gastroenterology 2006; 130:2060-73. [PMID: 16762629 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Angiogenesis is a critical component of neoplastic and chronic inflammatory disorders, but whether angiogenesis also occurs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has yet to be established. We assessed mucosal vascularization, expression of endothelial alphaVbeta3 integrin, angiogenic factors, and their bioactivity in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) mucosa. METHODS Mucosal endothelium was immunostained for CD31 and factor VIII and quantified by digital morphometry. alphaVbeta3 expression was studied in vivo by confocal microscopy and in vitro by flow cytometric analysis of human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMECs). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-8, and bFGF levels were measured in mucosal extracts and cells and angiogenic bioactivity shown by induction of HIMEC migration and the corneal and chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis assays. RESULTS Microvessel density was increased in IBD mucosa. Endothelial alphaVbeta3 was strongly expressed in IBD but only sporadically in normal mucosa and was up-regulated in HIMECs by VEGF, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and bFGF. IBD mucosal extracts induced a significantly higher degree of HIMEC migration than control mucosa, and this response was mostly dependent on IL-8 and less on basic fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor. Compared with normal mucosa, IBD mucosal extracts induced a potent angiogenic response in both the corneal and chorioallantoic membrane assays. CONCLUSIONS These results provide morphological, phenotypic and functional evidence of potent angiogenic activity in both CD and UC mucosa, indicating that the local microvasculature undergoes an intense process of inflammation-dependent angiogenesis. Thus, angiogenesis appears to be an integral component of IBD pathogenesis, providing the practical and conceptual framework for anti-angiogenic therapies in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Danese
- Division of Gastroenterology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, IRCCS in Gastroenterology, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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93
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Honorati MC, Neri S, Cattini L, Facchini A. Interleukin-17, a regulator of angiogenic factor release by synovial fibroblasts. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2006; 14:345-52. [PMID: 16311048 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis is a process stimulated in inflamed synovium of patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and contributes to the progression of the disease. Synovial fibroblasts secrete angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an up-regulator of angiogenesis, and this ability is increased by interleukin (IL)-1beta. The purpose of this study was to verify whether IL-17 contributes and/or synergizes with IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in vessel development in articular tissues by stimulating the secretion of proangiogenic factors by synovial fibroblasts. DESIGN We stimulated in vitro synovial fibroblasts isolated from OA, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fractured patients (FP) with IL-17 and IL-1beta and from OA patients with IL-17, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. In the supernatants from the cultures, we assayed the amount of VEGF by immunoassay and other angiogenic factors (keratinocyte growth factor, KGF; hepatocyte growth factor, HGF; heparin-binding endothelial growth factor, HB-EGF; angiopoietin-2, Ang-2; platelet-derived growth factor B, PDGF-BB; thrombopoietin, TPO) by chemiluminescence; semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to state mRNA expression of nonreleased angiogenic factors (Ang-2 and PDGF-BB) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1. RESULTS IL-17, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta increased VEGF secretion by synovial fibroblasts from OA patients. IL-17 and IL-1beta also increased VEGF secretion in RA and FP. Besides, IL-17 increased KGF and HGF secretions in OA, RA and FP; in OA and RA, IL-17 also increased the HB-EGF secretion and the expression of TIMP-1 as protein and mRNA. In OA patients IL-17 had an additive effect on TNF-alpha-stimulated VEGF secretion. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IL-17 is an in vitro stimulator of angiogenic factor release, both by its own action and by cooperating with TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Honorati
- Laboratorio di Immunologia e Genetica, Istituto di Ricerca Codivilla Putti, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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94
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Zhao D, Pothoulakis C. Rho GTPases as therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2005; 7:583-92. [PMID: 14498821 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.7.5.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Diseases related to inflammation are a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world and affect the functions of several tissues. The pathophysiology of these diseases involves release of many pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL-1, in addition to anti-inflammatory molecules. Recent studies have demonstrated that neuroimmune interactions are important in the initiation and progress of inflammatory processes. TNF, IL-1 and neuropeptides such as substance P and neurotensin stimulate the release of chemokines, in particular IL-8, a potent neutrophil chemoattractant. Expression of IL-8 is regulated mainly by the transcription factors NF-kappaB, activating protein-1 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins. Recent exciting results indicate that the Rho family of small GTP-binding proteins plays an important role in the expression of NF-kappaB-dependent genes and migration of leukocytes. These results suggest that these proteins may represent a potential therapeutic target to treat several inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezheng Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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95
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Abstract
Joint haemorrhage and subsequent haemophilic arthropathy are significant complications in haemophilia. The pathophysiology involves inflammation and angiogenesis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are anti-inflammatory agents, which have potent anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and analgesic properties yet do not affect platelet function in the manner of traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These properties make such agents potentially useful as adjunctive therapy in haemophilia. There is only one prior report describing rofecoxib treatment in a single haemophilia patient. Our objectives were to determine the safety and efficacy of rofecoxib in treating acute haemarthrosis, chronic synovitis, target joints and pain. We conducted a retrospective medical record review of patients treated with rofecoxib for acute haemarthrosis, chronic synovitis, target joint or pain. The safety and efficacy of rofecoxib treatment were determined based on subjective patient reports and physical examinations during follow-up clinic visits. A total of 28 patients between 3 and 37 years of age were treated for a total of 42 courses of rofecoxib treatment. All courses were evaluated for safety and 31 for efficacy. Rofecoxib was used for eight acute haemarthrosis, four target joints, seven cases of synovitis and 12 episodes of pain. Efficacy was demonstrated particularly for chronic synovitis and pain and no serious adverse events occurred. This is the largest study to date evaluating COX-2 inhibitors as adjunctive therapy in haemophilia and suggests that these agents may be an important adjunctive therapy in the management of haemophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rattray
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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96
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Wang T, Yang M, Chen J, Watkins T, Xiuyun C. Inhibition of B16 Melanoma Growth in vivo by Retroviral Vector-Mediated Human Ribonuclease Inhibitor. Angiogenesis 2005; 8:73-81. [PMID: 16132620 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-005-5714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2004] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Human ribonuclease inhibitor (hRI) can inhibit angiogenesis by reversibly binding angiogenin, a member of the RNaseA superfamily, and by suppressing the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Angiogenesis is necessary for the growth and metastasis of tumors. To study the links between hRI, angiogenesis, and melanoma growth, the hRI gene was intravenously administered to mice in a recombinant retroviral vector, and expression of the hRI gene was induced to block melanoma angiogenesis. Expression, distribution, and contribution of the target gene in mice were assayed. The results showed that the tumors of mice in the hRI treatment group grew slower with less vascularity than those of mice in control groups. The introduced hRI gene inhibited tumor growth without causing significant side effects in the animals. More hRI expression in vimentin-positive cells of the tumor than in melanoma cells suggested that mesenchymal cells in the fibrous envelope of the tumor play important roles in this gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
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97
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Agha-Majzoub R, Becker RP, Schraufnagel DE, Chan LS. Angiogenesis: The Major Abnormality of the Keratin-14 IL-4 Transgenic Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis. Microcirculation 2005; 12:455-76. [PMID: 16147464 DOI: 10.1080/10739680591003297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis plays an important role in psoriasis, but its role in atopic dermatitis is unknown. The authors examined the dermal microvasculature of an IL-4 transgenic mouse model of atopic dermatitis to determine whether angiogenesis was present. METHODS Transmission and scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy studies were performed. RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy showed sprouting, transcapillary pillars of intussusception, thickened endothelial cells with large nuclei, and increased interendothelial junctional cleft number and length. Compared to nontransgenic littermates, there was a significant increase in the lengths and numbers of the interendothelial junctional clefts, along with a decrease in the length ratios of tight junction to interendothelial junctional clefts in both the early and late disease stages. In the early and late skin lesions, scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts showed disorganization of the capillary network hierarchy with increased density of capillary sprouts. Confocal microscopy of the animals with early and late skin lesions showed significant reduction in tight junction protein claudin-5. CONCLUSIONS Angiogenesis is the major pathologic feature in this model of atopic dermatitis. The chronic skin inflammation is intertwined with and may cause the angiogenesis, but the angiogenesis itself is likely to be important in this disease process.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology
- Dermis/blood supply
- Dermis/ultrastructure
- Disease Models, Animal
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Keratin-14
- Keratins/genetics
- Keratins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Electron
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
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98
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Devesa I, Alcaraz MJ, Riguera R, Ferrándiz ML. A new pyrazolo pyrimidine derivative inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 with anti-angiogenic activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 488:225-30. [PMID: 15044055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2003] [Revised: 02/05/2004] [Accepted: 02/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we reported a new pyrazolo pyrimidine derivative, N(4)-benzyl-N(6),N(6)-dimethyl-1-1(tert-butyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6,4-diamine (DPP), which inhibited potently cyclooxygenase-2 activity in intact cell assays with minor activity against cyclooxygenase-1 (IC(50)=0.9 nM for cyclooxygenase-2 versus IC(50)=59.6 nM for cyclooxygenase-1). In the present work, this behaviour was confirmed in vivo by using the 24-h zymosan-injected mouse air pouch model (ID(50)=1.36 nM/pouch for prostaglandin E(2) level). We also studied the possible beneficial effect of DPP in the angiogenesis-dependent murine air pouch granuloma and rat paw carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia models. DPP exerted analgesic and anti-angiogenic (52% reduction in angiogenesis at 10 mg/kg, i.p.) effects that may be associated with inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Devesa
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain
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99
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Erdem H, Pay S, Serdar M, Simşek I, Dinç A, Muşabak U, Pekel A, Turan M. Different ELR (+) angiogenic CXC chemokine profiles in synovial fluid of patients with Behçet's disease, familial Mediterranean fever, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Int 2004; 26:162-7. [PMID: 15672235 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-004-0524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 09/18/2004] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine synovial levels of ELR (+) CXC chemokines, known to attract mainly neutrophils to inflamed tissues by binding the neutrophil chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 and promoting neovascularization in patients with various inflammatory disorders. The study group consisted of 14 patients with Behçet's disease and nine with familial Mediterranean fever. Fourteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 16 with osteoarthritis served as controls. Synovial chemokine levels were measured by two-step sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and significant differences were found in the various chemokines studied. In addition to its angiogenic properties, increased synovial levels of interleukin-8 by attraction of more neutrophils to synovial fluids might also be responsible for the acute synovitis in patients with Behçet's disease. However, the absence of chronic changes with the eventual development of pannus and erosions might result from relatively lower expression of interleukin-8 and the transient, short-lived nature of the arthritis observed in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Erdem
- Department of Rheumatology, Gülhane Military School of Medicine, Etlik, Ankara 06018, Turkey.
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100
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Vadasz Z, Misselevich I, Norman D, Peled E, Boss JH. Localization of vascular endothelial growth factor during the early reparative phase of the rats' vessels deprivation-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral heads. Exp Mol Pathol 2004; 77:145-8. [PMID: 15351238 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2004.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The expedited revascularization of the rats' avascular, necrotic femoral heads suggests the operation of angiogenic factor(s). The blood circulation of the epiphysis was interrupted by cutting the cervical periosteum and the ligamentum teres of rats' femoral heads. Three days postoperatively, the marrow was necrotic. Seven days postoperatively, the subchondral bony plate and trabecular bone were necrotic as well. The joint capsule was distended by myriad, so-called synovial fibroblasts, all of which were virtually immunoreactive with an antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor. The expression of this factor in the synovial membrane of non-operated rats was limited to preexisting blood vessels. Revascularization of necrotic, avascular femoral heads makes up the essential step in the chain of events terminating in the repair processes, that is, resorption of the necrotic debris and its substitution by newly formed bony and hematopoietic-fatty tissues. Synthesis and release of excessive amounts of vascular endothelial growth factor by these fibroblasts explain the lively angiogenesis in the necrotic intertrabecular spaces of the femoral heads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Vadasz
- The Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa 31048, Israel
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