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Toubon G, Butel MJ, Rozé JC, Delannoy J, Ancel PY, Aires J, Charles MA. Association between gut microbiota at 3.5 years of age and body mass index at 5 years: results from two French nationwide birth cohorts. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:503-511. [PMID: 38097759 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The relationship between gut microbiota and changes in body mass index (BMI) or pediatric overweight in early life remains unclear, and information regarding the preterm population is scarce. This study aimed to investigate how the gut microbiota at 3.5 years of age is associated with (1) later BMI at 5 years, and (2) BMI z-score variations between 2 and 5 years in children from two French nationwide birth cohorts. SUBJECTS/METHODS Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to profile the gut microbiota at 3.5 years of age in preterm children (n = 143, EPIPAGE 2 cohort) and late preterm/full-term children (n = 369, ELFE cohort). The predicted abundances of metabolic functions were computed using PICRUSt2. Anthropometric measurements were collected at 2 and 5 years of age during medical examinations or retrieved from children's health records. Statistical analyses included multivariable linear and logistic regressions, random forest variable selection, and MiRKAT. RESULTS The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio at 3.5 years was positively associated with the BMI z-score at 5 years. Several genera were positively ([Eubacterium] hallii group, Fusicatenibacter, and [Eubacterium] ventriosum group) or negatively (Eggerthella, Colidextribacter, and Ruminococcaceae CAG-352) associated with the BMI z-scores at 5 years. Some genera were also associated with variations in the BMI z-scores between 2 and 5 years of age. Predicted metabolic functions, including steroid hormone biosynthesis, biotin metabolism, glycosaminoglycan degradation, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, were associated with lower BMI z-scores at 5 years. The unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis pathway was associated with higher BMI z-scores. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the gut microbiota at 3.5 years is associated with later BMI during childhood, independent of preterm or term birth, suggesting that changes in the gut microbiota that may predispose to adult obesity begin in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Toubon
- Université Paris Cité et Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et StatistiqueS (CRESS), F-75004, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine Microbiote Pré & Postnatal (3PHM), F-75006, Paris, France
- FHU PREMA, « Fighting Prematurity », F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Marie-José Butel
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine Microbiote Pré & Postnatal (3PHM), F-75006, Paris, France
- FHU PREMA, « Fighting Prematurity », F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Rozé
- INRAE, UMR 1280, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Centre d'investigation clinique 1413, Centre hospitalo-universitaire de Nantes, F-44300, Nantes, France
| | - Johanne Delannoy
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine Microbiote Pré & Postnatal (3PHM), F-75006, Paris, France
- FHU PREMA, « Fighting Prematurity », F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Ancel
- Université Paris Cité et Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et StatistiqueS (CRESS), F-75004, Paris, France
- FHU PREMA, « Fighting Prematurity », F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Julio Aires
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR-S 1139, Physiopathologie et Pharmacotoxicologie Placentaire Humaine Microbiote Pré & Postnatal (3PHM), F-75006, Paris, France.
- FHU PREMA, « Fighting Prematurity », F-75006, Paris, France.
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Université Paris Cité et Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et StatistiqueS (CRESS), F-75004, Paris, France.
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Zhao Y, Chukanova M, Kentistou KA, Fairhurst-Hunter Z, Siegert AM, Jia RY, Dowsett GKC, Gardner EJ, Lawler K, Day FR, Kaisinger LR, Tung YCL, Lam BYH, Chen HJC, Wang Q, Berumen-Campos J, Kuri-Morales P, Tapia-Conyer R, Alegre-Diaz J, Barroso I, Emberson J, Torres JM, Collins R, Saleheen D, Smith KR, Paul DS, Merkle F, Farooqi IS, Wareham NJ, Petrovski S, O'Rahilly S, Ong KK, Yeo GSH, Perry JRB. Protein-truncating variants in BSN are associated with severe adult-onset obesity, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease. Nat Genet 2024; 56:579-584. [PMID: 38575728 PMCID: PMC11018524 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for many common diseases and has a substantial heritable component. To identify new genetic determinants, we performed exome-sequence analyses for adult body mass index (BMI) in up to 587,027 individuals. We identified rare loss-of-function variants in two genes (BSN and APBA1) with effects substantially larger than those of well-established obesity genes such as MC4R. In contrast to most other obesity-related genes, rare variants in BSN and APBA1 were not associated with normal variation in childhood adiposity. Furthermore, BSN protein-truncating variants (PTVs) magnified the influence of common genetic variants associated with BMI, with a common variant polygenic score exhibiting an effect twice as large in BSN PTV carriers than in noncarriers. Finally, we explored the plasma proteomic signatures of BSN PTV carriers as well as the functional consequences of BSN deletion in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hypothalamic neurons. Collectively, our findings implicate degenerative processes in synaptic function in the etiology of adult-onset obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Chukanova
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zammy Fairhurst-Hunter
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Maria Siegert
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raina Y Jia
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Georgina K C Dowsett
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eugene J Gardner
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine Lawler
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lena R Kaisinger
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yi-Chun Loraine Tung
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brian Yee Hong Lam
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Quanli Wang
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jaime Berumen-Campos
- Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Copilco Universidad, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Kuri-Morales
- Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Copilco Universidad, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Tecnológico, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Roberto Tapia-Conyer
- Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Copilco Universidad, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesus Alegre-Diaz
- Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Copilco Universidad, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Inês Barroso
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jonathan Emberson
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason M Torres
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory Collins
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine R Smith
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dirk S Paul
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Merkle
- Institute of Metabolic Science and Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Sadaf Farooqi
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Slavé Petrovski
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
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Hu N, Wu Y, Yao Q, Huang S, Li W, Yao Z, Ye C. Association between late bedtime and obesity in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1342514. [PMID: 38560399 PMCID: PMC10978672 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1342514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Short sleep duration has been related to obesity in children and adolescents. However, it remains unknown whether late bedtime is also associated with obesity and whether the association is independent of sleep duration. A meta-analysis was performed to address this issue. Methods In order to accomplish the aim of the meta-analysis, a comprehensive search was conducted on databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify observational studies. The cutoff to determine late bedtime in children in this meta-analysis was consistent with the value used among the included original studies. As for obesity, it was typically defined as a body mass index (BMI) > 95th percentile of age and sex specified reference standards or the International Obesity Task Force defined age- and gender-specific cut-off of BMI. The Cochrane Q test was employed to evaluate heterogeneity among the included studies, while the I2 statistic was estimated. Random-effects models were utilized to merge the results, considering the potential impact of heterogeneity. Results Tweleve observational studies with 57,728 participants were included. Among them, 6,815 (11.8%) were obese. Pooled results showed that late bedtime reported by the participants or their caregivers was associated with obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-1.39, p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis showed consistent results in studies with (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04-1.70, p = 0.02) and without adjustment of sleep duration (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14-1.41, p < 0.001). Further subgroup analysis also showed that the association was not significantly affected by study location, design, age of the participants, or diagnostic methods for obesity (p for subgroup difference all >0.05). Conclusion Late bedtime is associated with obesity in children and adolescents, which may be independent of sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunfeng Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Pulungan AB, Puteri HA, Ratnasari AF, Hoey H, Utari A, Darendeliler F, Al-Zoubi B, Joel D, Valiulis A, Cabana J, Hasanoğlu E, Thacker N, Farmer M. Childhood Obesity as a Global Problem: a Cross-sectional Survey on Global Awareness and National Program Implementation. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2024; 16:31-40. [PMID: 37622285 PMCID: PMC10938527 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2023.2023-7-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The rising global epidemic of childhood obesity is a major public health challenge. Despite the urgency, there is a lack of data on the awareness and implementation of preventative measures. The aim of this study was to identify areas for improvement in the prevention and management of childhood obesity worldwide. Methods A cross-sectional electronic survey was distributed to 132 members of national pediatric societies of the International Pediatric Association. Results Twenty-eight (21.2%) participants, each from a different country across six World Health Organization (WHO) regions completed the survey. Most participants reported that national prevalence data of childhood obesity is available (78.6%), and the number increased during the Coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic (60.7%). In most countries (78.6%), the amount of sugar and salt in children’s products is provided but only 42.9% enacted regulations on children-targeted advertising. Childhood obesity prevention programs from the government (64.3%) and schools (53.6%) are available with existing support from private or non-profit organizations (71.4%). Participants were aware of WHO’s guidance concerning childhood obesity (78.6%), while fewer were aware of The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund’s (UNICEF) guidance (50%). Participants reported that WHO/UNICEF guidance acted as a reference to develop policies, regulations and national programs. However, progress was hindered by poor compliance. Lastly, participants provided suggestions on tackling obesity, with responses ranging from developing and reinforcing policies, involvement of schools, and prevention across all life stages. Conclusion There are different practices in implementing prevention measures to counter childhood obesity globally, particularly in statutory regulation on food advertising and national programs. While support and awareness was relatively high, implementation was hindered. This reflects the need for prompt, country-specific evaluation and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman B. Pulungan
- Universitas Indonesia, Department of Child Health, Jakarta, Indonesia
- International Pediatric Association (IPA), Illinois, USA
- Strategic Advisory Group on Non-Communicable Diseases Term 2021-2023, International Pediatric Association, Illinois, USA
- Indonesian Pediatric Society (IDAI), Jakarta, Indonesia
- NCD Child, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Hilary Hoey
- Strategic Advisory Group on Non-Communicable Diseases Term 2021-2023, International Pediatric Association, Illinois, USA
- Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- European Paediatric Association/Union of National European Paediatric Societies (EPA/UNEPSA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Agustini Utari
- Strategic Advisory Group on Non-Communicable Diseases Term 2021-2023, International Pediatric Association, Illinois, USA
- Indonesian Pediatric Society (IDAI), Jakarta, Indonesia
- Diponegoro University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Feyza Darendeliler
- Strategic Advisory Group on Non-Communicable Diseases Term 2021-2023, International Pediatric Association, Illinois, USA
- İstanbul University, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, İstanbul, Turkey
- Turkish National Pediatrics Association, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basim Al-Zoubi
- Strategic Advisory Group on Non-Communicable Diseases Term 2021-2023, International Pediatric Association, Illinois, USA
- Prince Hamzah Hospital, Amman, Jordan
- Jordan Pediatric Society, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dipesalema Joel
- Strategic Advisory Group on Non-Communicable Diseases Term 2021-2023, International Pediatric Association, Illinois, USA
- University of Botswana Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, Gaborone, Botswana
- Union of National African Paediatric Societies and Associations (UNAPSA), Côte d’Ivoire, Africa
- Botswana Paediatric Association, Botswana, Africa
| | - Arunas Valiulis
- Strategic Advisory Group on Non-Communicable Diseases Term 2021-2023, International Pediatric Association, Illinois, USA
- Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Children’s Diseases, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Lithuanian Paediatric Society, Vilnius, Lithuania
- European Academy of Paediatrics (EAP/UEMS-SP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jorge Cabana
- Strategic Advisory Group on Non-Communicable Diseases Term 2021-2023, International Pediatric Association, Illinois, USA
- Argentine Society of Pediatrics, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Latin American Association of Pediatrics (ALAPE), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Enver Hasanoğlu
- International Pediatric Association (IPA), Illinois, USA
- Turkish National Pediatric Society, Ankara, Turkey
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naveen Thacker
- International Pediatric Association (IPA), Illinois, USA
- Director Deep Children Hospital and Research Centre, Gandhidham, India
| | - Mychelle Farmer
- Strategic Advisory Group on Non-Communicable Diseases Term 2021-2023, International Pediatric Association, Illinois, USA
- Advancing Synergy, Baltimore, USA
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Horne B, Kabir E, Alam K. Impact of prenatal maternal dietary exclusion on childhood obesity and overweight risk. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297614. [PMID: 38446774 PMCID: PMC10917294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child birthweight is a measure of fetal nutrition that is primarily determined by prenatal maternal (PM) diet. Child birthweight and child obesity/overweight risk are well established to be linked. Nevertheless, no studies have investigated the impact of PM dietary exclusion on child obesity/overweight risk or body mass index z-score (BMIz). OBJECTIVES The study aimed to determine whether PM dietary exclusion affected the child's BMIz, obesity/overweight risk, whether child birthweight serves as a mediator of this, and whether PM use of dietary supplements can protect against this. METHODS Waves within the years 2004-2019 from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, a population-based cohort study, were analyzed. The participants were aged 0 to 15 years during these waves of the study. Analysis was conducted using logistic and linear models. A total of 5,107 participants were involved in the first wave of the study. RESULTS The PM exclusion of fish was associated with a higher risk of being underweight at age 14 or 15 years and mild-to-moderate obesity at age 6 or 7 years. The PM exclusion of egg was associated with a higher risk of being overweight at age 14 or 15 years. The exclusion of dairy was associated with more mixed effects. Mediation effects did not reach statistical significance. Moderation effects involving PM dietary supplement use, when they did occur, were associated with higher child BMIz and usually a higher risk of obesity/overweight. CONCLUSIONS Fish and eggs are likely important parts of PM diets for preventing childhood obesity and overweight. Further studies will be needed to determine reasons for this and the apparent adverse effects of dietary supplements on overweight/obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenton Horne
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Enamul Kabir
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Khorshed Alam
- School of Business and Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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de Holanda NCP, Silva TIAR, Cavalcante AG, Lacerda MB, de Oliveira Viena G, de Carvalho CC, Menezes KT, de Medeiros IRN, Sales MM, E Silva de Queiroz FR, de Arruda Castelo Branco Brito CG, Bandeira F. Prevalence of Morphometric Vertebral Fractures After Bariatric Surgery and Its Relationship with Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers. Obes Surg 2024; 34:733-740. [PMID: 38285298 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-07049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery (BS) can lead to bone loss and an increased fracture risk. METHODS To determine the morphometric vertebral fracture (MVF) prevalence, and its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD), and biomarker's turnover after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), we analyzed post-surgery X-rays of the spine in 80 patients (88% female, 51% RYGB, age 41.2 [6.8] years) from 117 participants' retrospective cohort (1-2 years, >2 and <5 years, and >5 years). We still analyzed body composition and BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bone parameters. RESULTS MVF prevalence was 17.5% (14/80), with no statistical difference between groups (p = 0.210). RYGB group had a higher prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) (PTH ≥ 65 pg/ml; 18.4% vs 7.8%, respectively, p = 0.04), PTH (61.3 vs 49.5 pg/ml, p = 0.001), CTX (0.766 [0.29] ng/ml vs 0.453 [0.30] ng/ml, p = 0.037), and AP (101.3 [62.4] U/L vs 123.9 [60.9] U/L, p = 0.027) than the SG group. Up to 5 years postoperatively, RYGB had a lower total (1.200 [0.087] vs 1.236 [0.100] g/cm2, p = 0.02), femoral neck (1.034 [0.110] vs 1.267 [0.105], p = 0.005), and total femur BMD (1.256 [0.155] vs 1.323 [0.167], p = 0.002) than SG group. We found no statistically significant difference between the MFV (+) and MVF (-) groups regarding age, sex, BMI, surgery time, BMD, or bone and metabolic parameters, including leptin. CONCLUSION We found a high prevalence of MVF after BS with no differences between RYGB and SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narriane Chaves Pereira de Holanda
- Department of Endocrinology, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil.
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Science, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francisco Bandeira
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Science, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Agamenon Magalhães Hospital, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Brazil
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Byambaa A, Dechinjamts O, Jambaldorj B, Jones RA, Chong KH, Okely AD. Prevalence and Health Associations of Meeting the World Health Organization Guidelines for Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep in Preschool-Aged Children: The SUNRISE Mongolia Pilot and Feasibility Study. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:283-293. [PMID: 38242111 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of evidence regarding 24-hour movement behaviors of young children from low- and middle-income countries. This study examined Mongolian preschoolers' adherence to the World Health Organization's guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep; their associations with health indicators, and the feasibility of the SUNRISE International study in Mongolia. METHODS Preschool-aged children were recruited from 5 kindergartens in urban and rural areas of Ulaanbaatar city and Tuv province in Mongolia. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured by an ActiGraph accelerometer worn for 5 consecutive days. Screen time and sleep were reported by parents. The National Institute of Health and Early Years Toolboxes were used to assess motor skills and executive function, respectively. RESULTS One hundred and one children participated in the study (mean age = 4.82 y, boys = 58), with 88% (n = 89) having complete data for analysis. The proportion of children who met the recommendations for physical activity, sedentary screen time, and sleep was 61%, 23%, and 82%, respectively. Only 7% met all recommendations. Meeting the sleep recommendation individually (P = .032) and in combination with the physical activity recommendation was associated with better gross (P = .019) and fine (P = .042) motor skills. Spending more time in physical activity was positively correlated with motor development. Results confirmed that the SUNRISE study protocol was feasible, age-appropriate, and enjoyable for children. CONCLUSIONS The results of the SUNRISE pilot study will help inform the SUNRISE Mongolia main study and lay the groundwork for future research into children's 24-hour movement behaviors in Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankhmaa Byambaa
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Health & Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- National Center for Public Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | | | - Rachel A Jones
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Education, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Kar Hau Chong
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Health & Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Health & Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Guo J, Liu K, Yang J, Su Y. The association between prenatal exposure to bisphenol A and offspring obesity: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123391. [PMID: 38242307 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the global prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has surged. Bisphenol A (BPA), prevalent in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, is associated with this escalating obesity pattern. Both early life stages and pregnancy emerge as pivotal windows of vulnerability. This review systematically evaluates human studies to clarify the nexus between prenatal BPA exposure and offspring obesity. Our extensive literature search covered databases like PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus, encompassing articles from their inception until July 2023. We utilized the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) to evaluate the methodological rigor of the included studies, the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence Working Group (OCEBM) table to determine the level of the evidence, and the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines to evaluate the certainty of the evidence with statistical significance. We centered on primary studies investigating the link between urinary BPA levels during pregnancy and offspring obesity. Our analysis included thirteen studies, with participant counts ranging from 173 to 1124 mother-child dyads. Among them, eight studies conclusively linked prenatal BPA exposure to increased obesity in offspring. Evaluation metrics for the effect of prenatal BPA on offspring obesity comprised BMI z-score, waist circumference, overweight/obesity classification, aggregate skinfold thickness, body fat percentage, and more. Present findings indicate that prenatal BPA exposure amplifies offspring obesity risk, with potential effect variations by age and gender. Therefore, further research is needed to explore the causal link between prenatal BPA exposure and obesity at different developmental stages and genders, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Guo
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Keqin Liu
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jixin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanwei Su
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Margetaki K, Bempi V, Michalaki E, Roumeliotaki T, Iakovides M, Stephanou E, Kogevinas M, Chatzi L, Vafeiadi M. Prenatal air pollution exposure and childhood obesity: Effect modification by maternal fruits and vegetables intake. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 256:114314. [PMID: 38183793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Prenatal exposure to air pollution is robustly associated with fetal growth restriction but the extent to which it is associated with postnatal growth and the risk of childhood obesity remains unknown. We examined the association of prenatal exposure to air pollution with offspring obesity related measures and evaluated the possible protective effect of maternal fruits and vegetables intake (FV). METHODS We included 633 mother-child pairs from the Rhea pregnancy cohort in Crete, Greece. Fine particles (PM2.5 and PM10) exposure levels during pregnancy were estimated using land-use regression models. We measured weight, height and waist circumference at 4 and 6 years of age, and body composition analysis was performed at 6 years using bioimpedance. Maternal diet was evaluated by means of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in mid-pregnancy. Adjusted associations were obtained via multivariable regression analyses and multiplicative interaction was used to evaluate the potential modifying role of FV intake. RESULTS Exposure to PMs in utero was not associated with measures of adiposity at 4 or 6 years of age. Associations at 4 years did not differ according to maternal consumption of FV. However, at 6 years, among children whose mothers reported consuming less than 5 servings of FV per day, one SD increase in PM10 during pregnancy was associated with increased BMI (beta 0.41 kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.06, 0.88, p-interaction = 0.037) and increased waist circumference (beta 0.83 cm, 95% CI: -0.38, 2.05, p-interaction = 0.043) and one SD increase in PM2.5 was associated with increased fat mass (beta 0.5 kg, 95% CI: 0.0, 0.99, p-interaction = 0.039) and increased percentage of body fat (beta 1.06%, 95% CI: -0.06, 2.17, p-interaction = 0.035). Similarly, higher prenatal PM2.5 and PM10 exposure was associated with increased risk for obesity and abdominal obesity at 6 years only in the low FV group. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to fine particulate matter during pregnancy was not associated with obesity-related measures at 4 and 6 years. However, only among offspring of mothers who consumed inadequate FV, we observed higher obesity-related measures at 6 years. Our results indicate that mothers' diet during pregnancy may play a role in the relationship between air-pollution and childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Margetaki
- Clinic of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece.
| | - Vicky Bempi
- Clinic of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Eirini Michalaki
- Clinic of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Clinic of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Minas Iakovides
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Euripides Stephanou
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL), Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Non-Communicable Diseases Programme, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Clinic of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
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Chen Y, Zhang J, Yuan L, Hu H, Li T, Zhao Y, Wu Y, Wang M, Huo W, Gao Y, Ke Y, Wang L, Zhang W, Fu X, Li X, Hu F, Zhang M, Sun L, Hu D. Obesity and risk of depressive disorder in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13237. [PMID: 38410046 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analysis evaluated the relationship between overweight/obesity and depressive disorders in children and adolescents. METHODS We examined the databases of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for pertinent observational studies released up until 20 February 2022. The pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of obesity and overweight with depressive disorder were calculated by means of random-effects models. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality scale were adopted to evaluate the study quality. RESULTS Finally, for this meta-analysis, we evaluated 22 observational publications covering 175 135 participants (5 cohort study articles, 1 case-control study article and 16 cross-sectional study articles). A significant positive association was found between obesity and the risk of depression (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.09-1.60, I2 = 79.90%, Pheterogeneity < 0.001) and in the association between obesity and depressive symptoms (RR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.35, I2 = 25.0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.247). On sensitivity analysis, the pooled RRs remained robust. Subgroup analysis indicated that obese children and teenagers in western countries were more prone to depression. CONCLUSION Evidence from this meta-analysis, based on observational studies, supported the idea that obese children and adolescents are more likely to experience depression and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaobing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianze Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Huo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamin Ke
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Longkang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueru Fu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Burton JJN, Alonso LC. Overnutrition in the early postnatal period influences lifetime metabolic risk: Evidence for impact on pancreatic β-cell mass and function. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:263-274. [PMID: 38193815 PMCID: PMC10906026 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Overconsumption of energy-rich foods that disrupt caloric balance is a fundamental cause of overweight, obesity and diabetes. Dysglycemia and the resulting cardiovascular disease cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, as well as high societal cost. The prevalence of obesity in childhood and adolescence is increasing, leading to younger diabetes diagnosis, and higher severity of microvascular and macrovascular complications. An important goal is to identify early life conditions that increase future metabolic risk, toward the goal of preventing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. An ample body of evidence implicates prenatal and postnatal childhood growth trajectories in the programming of adult metabolic disease. Human epidemiological data show that accelerated childhood growth increases risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Type 2 diabetes results from the combination of insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell failure, but specific mechanisms by which accelerated postnatal growth impact one or both of these processes remain uncertain. This review explores the metabolic impact of overnutrition during postnatal life in humans and in rodent models, with specific attention to the connection between accelerated childhood growth and future adiposity, insulin resistance, β-cell mass and β-cell dysfunction. With improved knowledge in this area, we might one day be able to modulate nutrition and growth in the critical postnatal window to maximize lifelong metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua JN Burton
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Joan and Sanford I. Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell MedicineNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Laura C Alonso
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Joan and Sanford I. Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell MedicineNew York CityNew YorkUSA
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Quah PL, Loo BKG, Chia MYH, Chua TBK, Tan TSZ, Chan PC, Tan KH. Adherence to 24-hour integrated activity guidelines among infants, toddlers and preschool children in Singapore. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298968. [PMID: 38408072 PMCID: PMC10896501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined children's adherence to the Singapore Integrated 24-Hour Activity Guidelines for Early Childhood in infants, toddlers and preschoolers aged 0-6 years. A total of 901 caregivers, comprising 219 infants, 379 toddlers, and 303 preschoolers, provided information regarding their children's physical activity (PA), screen viewing time (SVT), and sleep durations on both weekdays and weekends. Meeting the 24-hour integrated activity guidelines was defined as follows: for infants ≥ 30 minutes per day of tummy time or floor-based play; zero SVT; total sleep of 14-17 hours per day for ages 0-3 months, 12-16 hours per day for ages 4-11 months; for toddlers ≥ 180 minutes of total PA per day; zero SVT under 2 years; <1 hour for ages 2 to less than 3 years; and a total sleep of 11-14 hours per day; for preschoolers ≥ 180 minutes of total PA per day; SVT <1 hour per day; total sleep of 10-13 hours per day for those aged 3-5 years, and 10-11 hours per day for 6-year-olds. Chi-squared tests were used to examine the differences in guideline adherence between weekdays and weekends. Compared to weekdays, during weekends there was a higher proportion of toddlers and preschoolers adhering to the PA guidelines (68.9% vs 50.1%; 78.9% vs 55.4%, respectively, p<0.05), and a lower proportion of toddlers adhering to SVT (38.8% vs 21.8%; p = 0.001). There was a declining adherence to all three activity guidelines as age groups progressed from infants (44.7%) to toddlers (15.8%) and then to preschoolers (9.4%). Concurrently, there was a decrease in adherence to SVT recommendations across the age groups, with adherence rates being highest among infants (83.1%), followed by toddlers (15.8%), and preschoolers (9.4%). Decreasing compliance with all three guidelines, coupled with a corresponding decline in adherence to SVT guidelines as children transition from toddlerhood to preschool age, is a cause for concern. This underscores the need for proactive efforts to educate caregivers about reducing or eliminating SVT among infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaik Ling Quah
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benny Kai Guo Loo
- General Paediatric Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Yong Hwa Chia
- Physical Education & Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terence Buan Kiong Chua
- Physical Education & Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teresa Shu Zhen Tan
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Poh Chong Chan
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Zhu H, Zhao K, Huang L, Shi W, Tang C, Xu T, Zhu S, Xu Q, Li X, Chen Y, Liu Q, Yang L. Individual, family and social-related factors of eating behavior among Chinese children with overweight or obesity from the perspective of family system. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1305770. [PMID: 38455395 PMCID: PMC10917944 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1305770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of the present study is to examine the factors contributing to the development of eating behavior in overweight and obese children from the perspective of the family system. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted by using convenience sampling method to select 388 participants in two primary schools in Jiangsu, China. Individual, family and social-related factors were collected. Individual factors included age, gender, ethnicity, single child, social anxiety, depression, physical activity, sleep duration, screen time. Family factors included family environment, family structure, family function, family income, parenting style, parental feeding behavior, home food environment and marital satisfaction. Social-related factors included place of residence, number of surrounding restaurants and social support. Univariate analysis, correlation analysis and multivariate analysis were used to identify factors of eating behavior among Chinese children with overweight and obese. Results In this study, 388 participants took part with a 94.865% response rate. In the univariate analysis, the significant differences regarding Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) scores were found between children aged 6-9 years and those aged >9 years. Correlation analysis indicated that parent's nutrition literacy (r = 0.118, P < 0.05), pressure to eat (r = 0.212, P < 0.01), perception of child weight (r = -0.112, P < 0.05) and family function (r = -0.563, P < 0.01) were associated with children's eating behavior. With regard to psychosocial factors, children's social anxiety (r = 0.299, P < 0.01) and depressive symptoms (r = 0.081, P < 0.05) were in positive correlation with eating behavior. The independent variables included in the initial model were age, father's employment status, social anxiety, maternal punishment and harshness, parents' nutrition literacy, pressure to eat, family function and perception of child weight. These variables in the final model accounted for 20.7% of the variance. Conclusion We found that age, father's employment status, social anxiety, maternal punishment and harshness, parents' nutrition literacy, pressure to eat, family function and perception of child weight have great effect on children's eating behavior who are overweight or obese. As early childhood is a critical timeline for child development, children's social anxiety, parenting style, parent's nutrition literacy, parent's feeding behavior and family function should be intervened to promote eating behavior. Intervention programs aimed at promoting healthy eating behaviors among children, thereby mitigating the risk of pediatric obesity, should primarily target parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfei Zhu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang Zhao
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lidong Huang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbing Shi
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chulei Tang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Xu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuqin Zhu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqi Liu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linhui Yang
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Youl Moon H, Lee M. Exercise-induced expression of genes associated with aging in the hippocampus of rats. Neurosci Lett 2024; 823:137646. [PMID: 38278317 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has underscored the influence of aging and exercise on brain function. In this study, we aimed to explore alterations in the expression of novel molecular factors and gain insight into underlying molecular mechanisms in the hippocampus of rats engaged in voluntary wheel running. We assessed the expression of aging-related genes in the hippocampus using a high-throughput whole genome DNA microarray approach in rats engaged in voluntary running for four weeks. The results indicated that compared to the control group, wheel running significantly altered the expressions of aging-related genes in the hippocampus. Functional categorization, utilizing pathway-focused gene classifications and disease state-focused gene classifications, along with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), revealed changes in expression pattern in major categories of cell death and survival, renal necrosis/cell death, and cardiovascular disease genes. These findings suggest that exercise may mitigate the risk of age-related cognitive decline by regulating of aging-related genes in the hippocampus. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms driving changes in gene expression and to determine the long-term effects of exercise on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Youl Moon
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minchul Lee
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Science, CHA University, 120 Haeryong-ro, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 11160, Republic of Korea.
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Pi Q, Xu J, Sha M, Liu X. Relationship between a body shape index and muscle strength index in Chinese university students: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:48. [PMID: 38360702 PMCID: PMC10870512 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The problem of overweight obesity and decrease in muscle strength among university students has become an indisputable fact. In this study, a comprehensive index reflecting obesity degree a body shape index (ABSI) and a comprehensive index reflecting muscle strength muscle strength index (MSI) were studied to analyze the cross-sectional correlations existing between them. METHODS This study began recruiting participants and conducting the test survey in April 2022 and closed in July 2022. Basic condition, height, weight, waist circumference, grip strength, pull-up (boys), bent-leg sit-up (girls), and standing long jump were tested on 12,046 (boys: 6011, 49.90%) university students aged 19-22 years in China, and ABSI and MSI were calculated separately. ABSI was categorized into 5 groups according to age and sex, namely ABSI < 5th percentile (A), 5th ≤ ABSI < 25th percentile (B), 25th ≤ ABSI < 75th percentile (C), 75th ≤ ABSI < 95th percentile (D) and ABSI ≥ 95th percentile (E). The comparison of MSI between different ABSI groups was performed using effect size, and the association between them was performed by curve estimation analysis. RESULTS The association between ABSI and MSI of Chinese university students showed an inverted "U" curve. The effect of increased ABSI on MSI was greater in university girls compared to boys. The ABSI of boys was (0.080 ± 0.010) and MSI was (-0.005 ± 2.080); the ABSI of girls was (0.079 ± 0.008) and MSI was (-0.017 ± 1.867). Overall, university students ABSI was at a relatively high point for MSI between 0.050 and 0.100. The university students ABSI at 0.150 had an MSI of -1.229 for boys and - 2.779 for girls. CONCLUSION The ABSI of Chinese university students showed an inverted "U"-shaped curve relationship with MSI, and university students with low or high ABSI had lower MSI. The effect of increasing ABSI on the decrease of MSI was more obvious for girls than for boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Pi
- School of Art, Shangrao Preschool Education College, 334000, Jiangxi Shangrao, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Xu
- School of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, 334001, Jiangxi Shangrao, P. R. China
| | - Mian Sha
- School of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, 334001, Jiangxi Shangrao, P. R. China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Pingxiang University, 337055, Jiangxi Shangrao, P. R. China.
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Díaz-López A, Rodríguez Espelt L, Abajo S, Arija V. Close Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet during Pregnancy Decreases Childhood Overweight/Obesity: A Prospective Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:532. [PMID: 38398856 PMCID: PMC10892739 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of dietary patterns during pregnancy may be of great importance for determining the potential risk of obesity in childhood. We assessed the prospective association between maternal adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) during pregnancy and risk of childhood overweight/obesity at 4 years. This prospective analysis involved 272 mother-child pairs from the ECLIPSES study. Maternal diet during pregnancy was assessed using a validated 45-item food-frequency questionnaire and a relative whole-pregnancy MedDiet score (rMedDiet) was calculated. The children's weight and height were measured at the age of 4. Primary outcome was childhood overweight/obesity based on age- and-sex-specific BMI z-score > 85th percentile using the WHO child growth standards. Mean maternal rMedDiet score in pregnancy was 9.8 (±standard deviation 2.3) and 25.7% of the children were overweight/obese. Significant differences in anthropometric measurements (weight, height, and BMI) were found according to sex, with higher scores for boys. After controlling for potential confounders, greater maternal adherence to rMedDiet during pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of childhood overweight/obesity, highest vs. lowest quartile (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12-0.90; p-trend 0.037). Similar trends regarding this association (per 1-point increase rMedDiet score) were observed after stratification by advanced maternal age, maternal early pregnancy BMI, education, socioeconomic status, smoking, and gestational weight gain. Our findings suggest that closer adherence to the MedDiet during pregnancy may protect against the risk of offspring overweight/obesity at 4 years. Further research is needed to explore whether associations persist across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Díaz-López
- Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.D.-L.); (L.R.E.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laura Rodríguez Espelt
- Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.D.-L.); (L.R.E.)
| | - Susana Abajo
- Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare Service of Reus-Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, 43003 Tarragona, Spain;
- Atención Primaria, Centro de Salud Embajadores, Dirección Asistencial Noroeste, 28012 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM) Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.D.-L.); (L.R.E.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain
- Collaborative Group on Lifestyles, Nutrition, and Tobacco (CENIT), Tarragona-Reus Research Support Unit, Jordi Gol Primary Care Research Institute, 43202 Reus, Spain
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Gilardini L, Croci M, Cavaggioni L, Pasqualinotto L, Bertoli S. Sex differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and in response to lifestyle intervention in prepubertal and pubertal subjects with obesity. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1304451. [PMID: 38410765 PMCID: PMC10895017 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1304451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Childhood obesity is a growing health problem and requires a tailored treatment. This study explored the sex differences in cardiovascular risk factors in children/adolescents with obesity and in response to a weight loss intervention. Methods Five hundred and thirty-three children/adolescents with obesity and their parents underwent to a 3-months lifestyle intervention program. Tanner criteria were used to assess the pubertal stage. Before and after 3 months, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), and biochemical measurements were assessed. Results Four hundred and forty five participants completed the treatment (age 12.4 ± 2.7 years, males 45.8%, prepubertal 29.2%, BMI z score 2.3 ± 0.2). In comparison to boys, prepubertal girls had higher values of BMI z score (2.4 ± 02 vs. 2.3 ± 0.2, p < 0.05), waist circumference z score (2.2 ± 0.3 vs. 2.0 ± 0.3, p < 0.05), HOMA-IR [2.9 (2.1-4.9) vs. 2.3(1.5-3.6), p < 0.01], prevalence of hypertransaminasemia (41.3% vs. 17.7%, p < 0.05) and lower levels of HDL cholesterol (46.2 ± 9.8 vs. 51.2 ± 10.5 mg/dl, p < 0.05). In the pubertal stage, boys had worse cardiometabolic risk profile than girls, including unfavourable measure of systolic BP (z score: 0.6 ± 1.0 vs. 0.3 ± 1.0, p < 0.01), fasting glucose (87.2 ± 6.1 vs. 84.8 ± 7.7 mg/dl, p < 0.01), ALT (26.9 ± 21.5 vs. 20.2 ± 10.6 U/L, p < 0.001) and uric acid (6.1 ± 1.9 vs. 5.0 ± 1.0 mg/dl, p < 0.001). After the lifestyle intervention, changes in BMI z score (p < 0.05) were higher in pubertal boys than pubertal girls. The systolic blood pressure decrease was greater in pubertal boys than in their female counterpart (Δ systolic BP: -7.2 mmHg in boys vs. -3.6 mmHg in girls, p < 0.05; Δ systolic BP z score: -0.6 in boys vs. -0.3 in girls, p < 0.05). LDL cholesterol showed an improvement only in boys, and ALT in the whole group. Conclusion Our study showed that a short-term lifestyle intervention is more effective in reducing BMI z score and cardiovascular risk factors in pubertal boys than in their female counterparts. Further investigation is needed to deepen this gender difference, especially to develop a tailor-made intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Gilardini
- Obesity Unit—Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Croci
- Obesity Unit—Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Cavaggioni
- Obesity Unit—Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Pasqualinotto
- Obesity Unit—Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- Obesity Unit—Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Frangione B, Birk S, Benzouak T, Rodriguez-Villamizar LA, Karim F, Dugandzic R, Villeneuve PJ. Exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and pediatric obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:131-146. [PMID: 37907715 PMCID: PMC10824662 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are potentially obesogenic for children. We undertook a systematic review to synthesize this literature and explore sources of heterogeneity in previously published epidemiological studies. METHODS Studies that collected individual-level PFAS and anthropometric data from children up to 12 years of age were identified by searching six databases. We excluded studies that only evaluated obesity measures at the time of birth. A full-text review and quality assessment of the studies was performed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) criteria. Forest plots were created to summarize measures of association and assess heterogeneity across studies by chemical type and exposure timing. Funnel plots were used to assess small-study effects. RESULTS We identified 24 studies, of which 19 used a cohort design. There were 13 studies included in the meta-analysis examining various chemicals and outcomes. Overall prenatal exposures to four different types of PFAS were not statistically associated with changes in body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference. In contrast, for three chemicals, postnatal exposures were inversely related to changes in BMI (i.e., per log10 increase in PFOS: BMI z-score of -0.16 (95% CI: -0.22, -0.10)). There was no substantial heterogeneity in the reported measures of association within prenatal and postnatal subgroups. We observed modest small-study effects, but correction for these effects using the Trim and Fill method did not change our summary estimate(s). CONCLUSION Our review found no evidence of a positive association between prenatal PFAS exposure and pediatric obesity, whereas an inverse association was found for postnatal exposure. These findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the small number of studies. Future research that can inform on the effects of exposure mixtures, the timing of the exposure, outcome measures, and the shape of the exposure-response curve is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Frangione
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, K1S 5B6, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sapriya Birk
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, K1S 5B6, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tarek Benzouak
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, H3A 0G4, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laura A Rodriguez-Villamizar
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, K1S 5B6, Ottawa, Canada
- Faculty of Health, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 680002, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Fatima Karim
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, K1S 5B6, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Paul J Villeneuve
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, K1S 5B6, Ottawa, Canada.
- CHAIM Research Centre, Carleton University, K1S 5B6, Ottawa, Canada.
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Magnusdottir S, Hill EA. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among preschool aged children in the general population: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 73:101871. [PMID: 37976758 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Untreated pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with significant morbidities affecting behavior, neurocognitive development, endocrine and metabolic health. This systematic review evaluated prevalence of OSA reported in population-based studies among preschoolers as early intervention may have positive effects on health and quality of life. Thirty studies were included. High degrees of heterogeneity in methods and definitions were observed between the studies. Seven studies confirmed OSA by implementing objective methods after screening for habitual snoring with only two studies utilizing polysomnography, the reference standard, testing 1.2% of the combined cohorts (n = 82/4575) to confirm disease. Diagnosis of OSA was based on utilizing retired thresholds of the apnea-hypopnea-index (AHI), AHI4%≥5/hour of sleep (hrSleep), reporting prevalence of 1.8% and 6.4%, respectively. The remaining five studies implemented relatively insensitive objective recording methods to confirm disease in a limited number of children (n = 449/2486; 18.0%), estimating prevalence in the range of 0.7%-13.0%. The remaining literature is based on implementing questionnaires only to evaluate OSA. Studies published before 2014 reported 3.3%-9.4% prevalence, while more recent studies published 2016-2023 report higher prevalence, 12.8%-20.4%, when excluding outliers. This trend suggests that prevalence of OSA may possibly have been increasing in preschoolers over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Magnusdottir
- MyCardio LLC, SleepImage®, 3200 E Cherry Creek South Drive, Denver, CO, 80209, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Hill
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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Gale EL, James Williams A, Cecil JE. The relationship between multiple sleep dimensions and obesity in adolescents: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2024; 73:101875. [PMID: 38029462 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is an involuntary behaviour, biologically fundamental to survival and wellbeing. However, sleep is increasingly neglected, with significant health implications. Recent research has identified associations between sleep duration, quality, timing and risk of overweight/obesity in children and adults. The aim of this review was to systematically identify and examine research that investigates the relationships between multiple objective and subjective sleep outcomes and objective adiposity measures in adolescents. A systematic review of literature, published to December 2022, was conducted using ten bibliographic databases. Search terms included objective and subjective sleep/circadian rhythm outcomes, objective adiposity measurements, and adolescents aged 8-18 years. Eighty-nine studies were included in the final review. Sleep outcomes were synthesized into three sleep domains: pre-sleep, during sleep and post-sleep outcomes. In summary, pre-sleep outcomes (including poor sleep hygiene, later chronotype and increased variability and later sleep timings) and increased sleep disturbance are consistently significantly associated with increased obesity and adiposity in adolescents. The relationship between during-sleep outcomes (sleep quality and efficiency) with adiposity and obesity measures was mixed. These findings suggest that adapting an individual's schedule to best suit chronotype preference and improving sleep hygiene, including a consistent bedtime routine, could reduce adiposity and obesity in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Louise Gale
- School of Medicine, Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK.
| | - Andrew James Williams
- School of Medicine, Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Joanne E Cecil
- School of Medicine, Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
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van der Heijden Z, de Gooijer F, Camps G, Lucassen D, Feskens E, Lasschuijt M, Brouwer-Brolsma E. User Requirements in Developing a Novel Dietary Assessment Tool for Children: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e47850. [PMID: 38300689 PMCID: PMC10870213 DOI: 10.2196/47850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood obesity and comorbidities is rising alarmingly, and diet is an important modifiable determinant. Numerous dietary interventions in children have been developed to reduce childhood obesity and overweight rates, but their long-term effects are unsatisfactory. Stakeholders call for more personalized approaches, which require detailed dietary intake data. In the case of primary school children, caregivers are key to providing such dietary information. However, as school-aged children are not under the full supervision of one specific caregiver anymore, data are likely to be biased. Recent technological advancements provide opportunities for the role of children themselves, which would serve the overall quality of the obtained dietary data. OBJECTIVE This study aims to conduct a child-centered exploratory sequential mixed methods study to identify user requirements for a dietary assessment tool for children aged 5 to 6 years. METHODS Formative, nonsystematic narrative literature research was undertaken to delineate initial user requirements and inform prototype ideation in an expert panel workshop (n=11). This yielded 3 prototype dietary assessment tools: FoodBear (tangible piggy bank), myBear (smartphone or tablet app), and FoodCam (physical camera). All 3 prototypes were tested for usability by means of a usability task (video analyses) and user experience (This or That method) among 14 Dutch children aged 5 to 6 years (n=8, 57% boys and n=6, 43% girls). RESULTS Most children were able to complete FoodBear's (11/14, 79%), myBear's (10/14, 71%), and FoodCam's (9/14, 64%) usability tasks, but all children required assistance (14/14, 100%) and most of the children encountered usability problems (13/14, 93%). Usability issues were related to food group categorization and recognition, frustrations owing to unsatisfactory functioning of (parts) of the prototypes, recall of food products, and the distinction between eating moments. No short-term differences in product preference between the 3 prototypes were observed, but autonomy, challenge, gaming elements, being tablet based, appearance, social elements, and time frame were identified as determinants of liking the product. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that children can play a complementary role in dietary data collection to enhance the data collected by their parents. Incorporation of a training program, auditory or visual prompts, reminders and feedback, a user-friendly and intuitive interaction design, child-friendly food groups or icons, and room for children's autonomy were identified as requirements for the future development of a novel and usable dietary assessment tool for children aged 5 to 6 years. Our findings can serve as valuable guidance for ongoing innovations in the field of children's dietary assessment and the provision of personalized dietary support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë van der Heijden
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Femke de Gooijer
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Guido Camps
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Desiree Lucassen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Edith Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marlou Lasschuijt
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Elske Brouwer-Brolsma
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Lourenço AC, Nogueira HG, Rodrigues D, Gama A, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Silva MRG, Padez C. Observing the neighborhood multidimensionality and overweight in children of different developmental stages-the emergence of an unusual association. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:611-618. [PMID: 37940707 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines whether the association of the neighborhood environment and overweight in children is moderated by age. This was a cross-sectional study of 832 children aged 3 to 10 years living in the city of Oporto (Portugal). Children were recruited under the scope of the project "Inequalities in Childhood Obesity: The impact of the socioeconomic crisis in Portugal from 2009 to 2015." Overweight was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria. Parents completed a self-administered questionnaire capturing sociodemographic characteristics and their perceptions of their neighborhood environment. Logistic regressions were used to examine the influence of parental perceived neighborhood characteristics (latent variables: attractiveness, traffic safety, crime safety, and walkability) on overweight in children. A stratified analysis by age category was conducted. Overall, 27.8% of the children were overweight, 17.4% were aged 3 to 5 years, and 31.8% were aged 6 to 10 years. Children aged 3 to 5 years were more sensitive to the neighborhood environment than children aged 6 to 10 years. For children aged 3 to 5 years, the risk of overweight was inversely associated with neighborhood crime safety (OR = 1.84; 95% CI 1.07-3.15; p = 0.030). Conclusion: Our study suggests the existence of a sensitive age period in childhood at which exposure to a hostile neighborhood environment is most determining for weight gain. Until today, it was thought that the impact of the neighborhood environment on younger children would be less important as they are less autonomous. But it may not be true. What is Known: • The neighborhood environment may adversely affect children's weight status. However, the moderating role of child age in the association between neighborhood environment and overweight is uncertain. What is New: • The study highlights that the association between the neighborhood environment and child overweight is attenuated by age. It is stronger for preschoolers than for early school-age children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Lourenço
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Helena G Nogueira
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Geography and Tourism, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Rodrigues
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Augusta Gama
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Aristides M Machado-Rodrigues
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Raquel G Silva
- Faculty of Health Sciences and FP - I3ID, University Fernando Pessoa, Oporto, Portugal
- CHRC - Comprehensive Health Research Centre Group of Sleep, Chronobiology and Sleep Disorders, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Padez
- CIAS - Research Centre for Anthropology and Health, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Kawalec A, Mozrzymas R, Domżol A, Zachurzok A, Szczepańska M, Noczyńska A, Zwolińska D. Physical Activity and Its Potential Determinants in Obese Children and Adolescents under Specialist Outpatient Care-A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:260. [PMID: 38275539 PMCID: PMC10815763 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: this study aimed to assess the physical activity of obese pediatric patients under specialized outpatient care and its potential determinants. (2) Methods: A total of 83 subjects aged 7-18 years with simple obesity and their parents were enrolled. Data were collected with the use of physical activity questionnaires (PAQs) for children and adolescents and additional questions concerning selected socio-demographic characteristics. (3) Results: The mean final PAQ score was 2.09 ± 0.69. The most frequently chosen types of physical activity included walking, gymnastics, and jogging or running. We found a weak correlation inversely proportional between the child's age and mean final PAQ score (r = -0.25; p = 0.02). Younger children were more active during lunchtime at school and after school compared to adolescents (p = 0.03 and p = 0.04). The final PAQ score differed according to the place of residence; the lowest score was obtained by subjects living in cities >100,000 inhabitants (p = 0.025). We found a positive correlation between PAQ-Ch score and the father's physical activity, and between PAQ-A score and the mother's education. (4) Conclusions: The physical activity of obese pediatric patients is low, particularly in adolescents. It seems that age and place of residence have an impact on the physical activity of obese children and adolescents. The PAQs used in this study are useful in physical activity assessment and identification of time segments during the day in which activity might be improved. However, this requires confirmation in a larger group of pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kawalec
- Department and Clinic of Pediatric Nephrology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Renata Mozrzymas
- Research and Development Center, Regional Specialist Hospital, Kamieńskiego Street 73a, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Domżol
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 3 Maja Street 13/15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zachurzok
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 3 Maja Street 13/15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maria Szczepańska
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 3 Maja Street 13/15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Noczyńska
- Department and Clinic of Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children and Adolescents, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 2a Street, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Danuta Zwolińska
- Department and Clinic of Pediatric Nephrology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Mazurkiewicz A, Raczkowska E. The Connection between Knowledge and the Nutritional Behaviour of Parents and the Occurrence of Overweight and Obesity among Preschool Children-A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:174. [PMID: 38202003 PMCID: PMC10780658 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of overweight and obesity constitutes a threat for health and children's lives at preschool age. Eating habits formed during this period seriously affect not only future dietary preferences but also the development of diet-related diseases. The purpose of the present study was the assessment of the relationship between the state of knowledge of children's nutrition and parents' eating behaviour and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 4-6 years. The study was conducted using 200 parent-child pairs. The behaviour and nutritional knowledge of parents was assessed using a questionnaire method. In contrast, anthropometric measurements were taken among the children. Nutritional disorders were noted in 46.5% of children of whom 39.0% struggled with overweight and 7.5% with obesity. The study showed that the children of parents with higher levels of nutritional knowledge were more likely to develop overweight and obesity. It also proved that irregularity of parental food intake predisposed the development of excessive body weight in children (p = 0.0049). Therefore, it is reasonable to undertake further investigation into factors implying the development of nutritional disorders among those youngest. Early recognition of dietary mistakes can contribute to their elimination at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Raczkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Street, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
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Poursalehi D, Bahrami G, Mirzaei S, Asadi A, Akhlaghi M, Saneei P. Association between alternative healthy eating index (AHEI) with metabolic health status in adolescents with overweight and obesity. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:42. [PMID: 38166997 PMCID: PMC10763351 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been lack of evidence on the association between healthy dietary patterns and metabolic health status of adolescents. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between alternative healthy eating index (AHEI) and metabolic health status among a relatively representative sample of Iranian adolescents with overweight/obesity. METHODS Adolescents with extra body weight (n = 203, aged 12-18 y), were selected for this cross-sectional study by a multistage cluster random-sampling method. Habitual dietary intakes and diet quality of individuals were assessed using validated food frequency questionnaire and AHEI-2010, respectively. Data on other covariates were also gathered by pre-tested questionnaires. To determine fasting glucose, insulin and lipid profiles, fasting blood samples were collected. Participants were categorized as having metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) or metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO) phenotypes, based on two approaches (International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and combination of IDF with Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)). RESULTS The overall prevalence of MUO was 38.9% (based on IDF criteria) and 33.0% (based on IDF/HOMA-IR criteria). After considering all potential confounders, participants in highest tertiles of AHEI-2010 had lower odds of MUO profile according to both IDF (OR = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01-0.15) and IDF/HOMA-IR (OR = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02-0.19) definitions. This association was stronger in adolescents with overweight compared with obese ones and also among girls than boys. Moreover, each unit increase in AHEI-2010 score was associated with lower risk of MUO based on both criteria. CONCLUSIONS Higher adherence to AHEI-2010 was inversely associated with odds of MUO in Iranian adolescents with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Poursalehi
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Bahrami
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saeideh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Asadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran.
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George A, Navi S, Nanda PM, Daniel R, Anand K, Banerjee S, Panigrahi I, Dayal D. Clinical and molecular characterisation of children with monogenic obesity: a case series. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 30:104-109. [PMID: 39026488 PMCID: PMC11249795 DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2024.140934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To study the clinical profile and molecular diagnosis of children with severe early-onset non-syndromic monogenic obesity. METHODS The clinical and molecular data (performed using whole exome sequencing) of 7 children with early-onset (< 5 years) non-syndromic monogenic obesity were extracted from the Obesity Clinic files and analysed retrospectively. RESULTS The median (IQR) age at presentation was 18 (10.5-27) months. Of the 7 patients, 5 were boys, 3 had a history of parental consanguinity, and 4 had a family history of severe early-onset obesity. All patients exhibited hyperphagia and showed signs of insulin resistance. Dyslipidaemia and fatty liver were observed in 4. The variants identified in 6 patients included 2 in leptin receptor, and one each in melanocortin 4 receptor, pro-opiomelanocortin, leptin, and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 genes. Notably, 4 of these variants were novel. CONCLUSIONS This case series provides valuable insights into the spectrum of genetic mutations associated with non-syndromic monogenic obesity in North Indian children. The findings underscore the significance of next-generation sequencing in identifying the aetiology of severe early-onset obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun George
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Santhosh Navi
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pamali M. Nanda
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Roshan Daniel
- Genetic Metabolic Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kiran Anand
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sayan Banerjee
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Inusha Panigrahi
- Genetic Metabolic Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Devi Dayal
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Dang J, Cai S, Zhong P, Liu Y, Shi D, Chen Z, Chen M, Dong Y, Ma J, Song Y, Lau PWC, Stafford RS. Associations of school physical activity environment with comorbid obesity and myopia in children and adolescents: Findings from a Chinese national follow-up study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14562. [PMID: 38268065 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity (OWOB) and myopia have become two of the most important issues affecting the health of children and adolescents worldwide. Despite the recognition that the school physical activity (PA) environment is a critical factor for preventing and controlling overweight, obesity (OWOB), and myopia in children and adolescents, research on OWOB and myopia as a comorbidity remains unexplored, with evidence for effective strategies still being inconclusive. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and progression of comorbid OWOB/myopia and each condition alone, and to explore the association with school PA environment. METHODS A total of 9814 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years were included from the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health follow-up survey conducted from November 2019 to November 2020 in China. Anthropometric measurements, unaided distance vision acuity and non-cycloplegic refraction data were collected to assess OWOB and myopia, while eight indicators from questionnaires for children and adolescents aged 9-18 years were investigated to assess school PA environment. We calculated the one-year incidence and progression rates of comorbid OWOB/myopia, OWOB alone, and myopia alone. Mixed effect logistic regression was evaluated the association between school PA environment and incidence and progression of comorbid OWOB/myopia, OWOB, and myopia. RESULTS The prevalence of comorbid OWOB/myopia increased from 11.1% in 2019 to 17.9% in 2020, and the incidence of comorbid OWOB/myopia was 10.9%. Children and adolescents experiencing an unfavorable school PA environment had a higher risk of the incidence of comorbid OWOB/myopia compared to a favorable school environment (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.42-2.42). Similar findings were seen in the incidence of obesity (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.26-2.75). Children and adolescents in an unfavorable school PA environment had a higher risk of myopia progression (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01-1.65). CONCLUSIONS Obesity and myopia and their comorbidity have been serious among children and adolescents in China. A favorable school PA environment might mitigate the risk of comorbid OWOB/myopia, OWOB, and myopia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Dang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Cai
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Panliang Zhong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Di Shi
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyue Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick W C Lau
- Department of Sport, Physical Education & Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Laboratory of Exercise Science and Health, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Randall S Stafford
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Wen J, Yao X, Geng S, Zhu L, Jiang H, Hu L. Urinary antibiotic levels and risk of overweight/obesity in preschool children: A biomonitoring-based study from eastern China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115733. [PMID: 38016193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
There is limited evidence linking antibiotic exposure, particularly from contaminated food or drinking water, to childhood obesity. The study aimed to investigate the association between urinary antibiotic levels and overweight/obesity in preschool children. In the case-control study, 121 overweight/obese preschoolers and 242 controls (aged 3-6 years) from eastern China were enrolled in 2022 based on age, sex, and study site matching. Overweight/obesity was determined using body mass index (BMI) and weight for height (WFH) criteria derived from national data. A total of 50 antibiotics from 8 categories were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). We identified major dietary patterns using principal component analysis (PCA) and examined the associations of antibiotic exposure with childhood overweight/obesity using multivariate logistic regression. Twenty-four individual antibiotics were detected in more than 10 % of the samples, and overall detection rates were up to 100 %. Overweight/obese children had a higher exposure to veterinary antibiotics (VAs) than normal weight children. PCA analysis showed that children who were overweight/obese had higher scores of "Aquatic products preferred dietary pattern" and "Cereals preferred dietary pattern" compared to children with normal weight. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that exposure to elevated levels of deoxytetracycline (OR: 1.72; 95 %CI: 1.00-2.93) and quinolones (OR: 1.63; 95 %CI: 1.04-2.57) was significantly related to an increased risk of BMI-based overweight/obesity. Quinolones exposure was also significantly associated with WFH-based overweight/obesity, primarily in boys. After adjustment for all covariates, higher exposure to ofloxacin (of the quinolones) was significantly related to overweight/obesity in girls. Exposure to certain antibiotics, especially quinolones, may increase the risk of overweight/obesity in preschoolers. More prospective, well-designed studies are needed to clarify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wen
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, PR China
| | - Xiaodie Yao
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, PR China
| | - Shijie Geng
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, PR China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, PR China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, PR China.
| | - Lingmin Hu
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, PR China.
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Kobayashi Y, Eguchi A, Imami K, Tempaku M, Izuoka K, Takase T, Kainuma K, Nagao M, Furuta N, Iwasa M, Nakagawa H, Fujisawa T, Togashi K. Circulating extracellular vesicles are associated with pathophysiological condition including metabolic syndrome-related dysmetabolism in children and adolescents with obesity. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:23-38. [PMID: 37874387 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity of children and adolescents (OCA) is often accompanied by metabolic syndrome (MetS), which often leads to adult obesity and subsequent complications, yet the entire pathophysiological response is not fully understood. The number and composition of circulating extracellular vesicles (EV) reflect overall patient condition; therefore, we investigated the pathophysiological condition of OCA, including MetS-associated dysmetabolism, using circulating EVs. In total, 107 children and adolescents with or without obesity (boys, n = 69; girls, n = 38; median age, 10 years) were enrolled. Circulating EV number and EV protein composition were assessed via flow cytometry and liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, relative body weight (standardized partial regression coefficient (SPRC) 0.469, P = 0.012) and serum triglyceride level (SPRC 0.548, P < 0.001) were detected as independent parameters correlating with circulating EV number. Proteomic analysis identified 31 upregulated and 45 downregulated EV proteins in OCA. Gene ontology analysis revealed upregulated proteins to be involved in various biological processes, including intracellular protein transport, protein folding, stress response, leukocyte activation, innate immune response, and platelet degranulation, which can modulate lipid and glucose metabolism, skeletal and cardiac muscle development, inflammation, immune response, carcinogenesis, and cancer progression. Notably, several identified EV proteins are involved in neuro-development, neurotransmitter release, and neuro-protective agents in OCA. Circulating EVs were derived from adipocytes, hepatocytes, B cell lymphocytes, and neurons. Circulating EV number is significantly associated with MetS-related dysmetabolism and the EV protein cargo carries a special "signature" that reflects the alteration of various biological processes under the pathophysiological condition of OCA. KEY MESSAGES: Circulating EV number correlates with physical and laboratory parameters for obesity in children and adolescents. Relative body weight and triglyceride are independent factors for increased circulating EVs. EV composition is significantly changed in obesity of children and adolescents. Identified EV composition changes associated with obesity and involves in metabolism, immune response, and cancer progression. Circulating EVs are partially derived from adipocyte, hepatocytes, B cells, and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Kobayashi
- Center for Physical and Mental Health, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
- Biobank Center, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Koshi Imami
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mina Tempaku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kiyora Izuoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takafumi Takase
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Mie, 514-0125, Japan
| | - Keigo Kainuma
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Mie, 514-0125, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nagao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Mie, 514-0125, Japan
| | - Noriko Furuta
- Center for Physical and Mental Health, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Motoh Iwasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hayato Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takao Fujisawa
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Mie, 514-0125, Japan
| | - Kenji Togashi
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Goldschmidt AB, Goldstein SP, Schmiedek F, Stalvey E, Irizarry B, Thomas JG. State-level working memory and dysregulated eating in children and adolescents: An exploratory ecological momentary assessment study. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:93-103. [PMID: 37888341 PMCID: PMC10872824 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with loss of control (LOC) eating and overweight/obesity have relative deficiencies in trait-level working memory (WM), which may limit adaptive responding to intra- and extra-personal cues related to eating. Understanding of how WM performance relates to eating behavior in real-time is currently limited. METHODS We studied 32 youth (ages 10-17 years) with LOC eating and overweight/obesity (LOC-OW; n = 9), overweight/obesity only (OW; n = 16), and non-overweight status (NW; n = 7). Youth completed spatial and numerical WM tasks requiring varying degrees of cognitive effort and reported on their eating behavior daily for 14 days via smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment. Linear mixed effects models estimated group-level differences in WM performance, as well as associations between contemporaneously completed measures of WM and dysregulated eating. RESULTS LOC-OW were less accurate on numerical WM tasks compared to OW and NW (ps < .01); groups did not differ on spatial task accuracy (p = .41). Adjusting for between-subject effects (reflecting differences between individuals in their mean WM performance and its association with eating behavior), within-subject effects (reflecting variations in moment-to-moment associations) revealed that more accurate responding on the less demanding numerical WM task, compared to one's own average, was associated with greater overeating severity across the full sample (p = .013). There were no associations between WM performance and LOC eating severity (ps > .05). CONCLUSIONS Youth with LOC eating and overweight/obesity demonstrated difficulties mentally retaining and manipulating numerical information in daily life, replicating prior laboratory-based research. Overeating may be related to improved WM, regardless of LOC status, but temporality and causality should be further explored. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our findings suggest that youth with loss of control eating and overweight/obesity may experience difficulties mentally retaining and manipulating numerical information in daily life relative to their peers with overweight/obesity and normal-weight status, which may contribute to the maintenance of dysregulated eating and/or elevated body weight. However, it is unclear whether these individual differences are related to eating behavior on a moment-to-moment basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B. Goldschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie P. Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Florian Schmiedek
- Department of Education and Human Development, DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Erin Stalvey
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bailey Irizarry
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - J. Graham Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Cai J, Hu W, Yang Y, Chen S, Si A, Zhang Y, Jing H, Gong L, Liu S, Mi B, Ma J, Yan H, Chen F. Healthy life expectancy for 202 countries up to 2030: Projections with a Bayesian model ensemble. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04185. [PMID: 38146817 PMCID: PMC10750449 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy life expectancy (HLE) projections are required for optimising social and health service management in the future. Existing studies on the topic were usually conducted by selecting a single model for analysis. We thus aimed to use an ensembled model to project the future HLE for 202 countries/region. Methods We obtained data on age-sex-specific HLE and the sociodemographic index (SDI) level of 202 countries from 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database and used a probabilistic Bayesian model comprised of 21 forecasting models to predict their HLE in 2030. Results In general, HLE is projected to increase in all 202 countries, with the least probability of 82.4% for women and 81.0% for men. Most of the countries with the lowest projected HLE would be located in Africa. Women in Singapore have the highest projected HLE in 2030, with a 94.5% probability of higher than 75.2 years, which is the highest HLE in 2019 across countries. Maldives, Kuwait, and China are projected to have a probability of 49.3%, 41.2% and 31.6% to be the new entries of the top ten countries with the highest HLE for females compared with 2019. Men in Singapore are projected to have the highest HLE at birth in 2030, with a 93.4% probability of higher than 75.2 years. Peru and Maldives have a probability of 48.7% and 35.3% being new top ten countries in male's HLE. The female advantage in HLE will shrink by 2030 in 117 countries, especially in most of the high SDI and European countries. Conclusions HLE will likely continue to increase in most countries and regions worldwide in the future. More attention needs to be paid to combatting obesity, chronic diseases, and specific infectious diseases, especially in African and some Pacific Island countries. Although gender gaps may not be fully bridged, HLE could partially mitigate and even eliminate them through economic development and improvements in health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aima Si
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Jing
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingmin Gong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baibing Mi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- Department of Neurology, Xi’an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fangyao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliate Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Liu W, Liu T, Zhao Q, Ma J, Jiang J, Shi H. Adipose Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Strategy for Metabolic Disorders. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:9517826. [PMID: 38169960 PMCID: PMC10761228 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9517826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an important role in systemic energy metabolism, and its dysfunction can lead to severe metabolic disorders. Various cells in adipose tissue communicate with each other to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as novel medium for remote intercellular communication by transferring various bioactive molecules from parental cells to distant target cells. Increasing evidence suggests that the endocrine functions of adipose tissue and even the metabolic homeostasis are largely affected by different cell-derived EVs, such as insulin signaling, lipolysis, and metabolically triggered inflammation regulations. Here, we provide an overview focused on the role of EVs released by different cell types of adipose tissue in metabolic diseases and their possible molecular mechanisms and highlight the potential applications of EVs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Moreover, the current EVs-based therapeutic strategies have also been discussed. This trial is registered with NCT05475418.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyan Liu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junqiu Ma
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia Jiang
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of High Technology Research on sEVs Foundation and Transformation Application, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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Cárdenas-Villarreal VM, Hernandez-Barrera L, Castro-Sifuentes D, Guevara-Valtier MC, Trejo-Valdivia B. Trends in overweight and obesity in children under 24 months of age in Mexico (2012-2020): analysis of four national health surveys. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00046123. [PMID: 38126557 PMCID: PMC10740398 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xen046123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased rapidly in Mexico, with significant consequences for the population's health in the future. Little is known about the prevalence of obesity in children under two years of age, even though this life stage is fundamental to prevent this condition. This study aims to determine the magnitude, distribution, and trends of overweight and obesity in children under 24 months of age using the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys (ENSANUT) conducted in the last 10 years. The data presented here are derived from four ENSANUTs, carried out in Mexico in 2012, 2016, 2018, and 2020. They include 6,719 infants under 24 months with complete anthropometric data (weight/height) by age, gender, Indigeneity, area of residence, and socioeconomic status. The risk of overweight levels and overweight + obesity rates were calculated according to World Health Organization guidelines. We identified that infants < 12 months currently have a higher prevalence of overweight + obesity (10.3%) and that those aged 12 to 23 months are generally at a higher risk of overweight (26.1%). The most relevant findings of this study, linking weight trends to sex, region, socioeconomic status, and indigeneity, show that overweight and obesity prevalences vary across the Mexican population, without presenting a specific behavior. There is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among Mexican infants and a slight trend toward increased obesity in infants < 12 months. Weight monitoring and obesity prevention interventions focused on the first 1,000 days of life are essential.
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Agbaje AO, Perng W, Tuomainen TP. Effects of accelerometer-based sedentary time and physical activity on DEXA-measured fat mass in 6059 children. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8232. [PMID: 38086810 PMCID: PMC10716139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, childhood obesity is on the rise and the effect of objectively measured movement behaviour on body composition remains unclear. Longitudinal and causal mediation relationships of accelerometer-based sedentary time (ST), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured fat mass were examined in 6059 children aged 11 years followed-up until age 24 years from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), UK birth cohort. Over 13-year follow-up, each minute/day of ST was associated with 1.3 g increase in fat mass. However, each minute/day of LPA was associated with 3.6 g decrease in fat mass and each minute/day of MVPA was associated with 1.3 g decrease in fat mass. Persistently accruing ≥60 min/day of MVPA was associated with 2.8 g decrease in fat mass per each minute/day of MVPA, partly mediated by decrease insulin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. LPA elicited similar and potentially stronger fat mass-lowering effect than MVPA and thus may be targeted in obesity and ST prevention in children and adolescents, who are unable or unwilling to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Agbaje
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Wei Perng
- Colorado School of Public Health, Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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85
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Kozioł-Kozakowska A, Januś D, Stępniewska A, Szczudlik E, Stochel-Gaudyn A, Wójcik M. Beyond the Metabolic Syndrome: Non-Obvious Complications of Obesity in Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1905. [PMID: 38136107 PMCID: PMC10742254 DOI: 10.3390/children10121905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is currently one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide due to the continuous increase in obesity rates among children, especially younger children. Complications related to obesity, including serious ones, are increasingly being diagnosed in younger children. A search was performed from January 2023 to September 2023 using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and EBSCO databases. The focus was on English-language meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, and observational studies worldwide. Four main topics were defined as follows: disorders of glucose metabolism; liver disease associated with childhood obesity; the relationship between respiratory disorders and obesity in children; and the effects of obesity on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and puberty. Understanding potential complications and their underlying mechanisms can expedite the diagnostic process and enhance the effectiveness of treatment. We aspire that this study will bring insight into the often-overlooked complications associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (A.S.-G.)
- Interclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, 30-663 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Dominika Januś
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Anna Stępniewska
- Interclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, 30-663 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (E.S.)
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Ewa Szczudlik
- Interclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, 30-663 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (E.S.)
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Anna Stochel-Gaudyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (A.S.-G.)
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Interclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, 30-663 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (E.S.)
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland;
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86
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Guo H, Cheng L, Duolikun D, Yao Q. Aerobic Exercise Training Under Normobaric Hypoxic Conditions to Improve Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. High Alt Med Biol 2023; 24:312-320. [PMID: 38127802 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2022.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Guo, Hai, Linjie Cheng, Dilihumaier Duolikun, and Qiaoling Yao. Aerobic exercise training under normobaric hypoxic conditions to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in overweight and obese individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. High Alt Med Biol. 24:312-320, 2023. Background: Obesity is a critical public health issue around the world, reaching epidemic proportions in some countries. However, only a few studies have examined the effects of hypoxic training on metabolic parameters in an obese population. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of aerobic exercise training under normobaric hypoxic conditions versus normoxic training in improving glucose and lipid metabolism in obese individuals. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Wan Fang databases (up to August 2021) was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of overweight or obese human subjects eligible for inclusion. Main study endpoints were changes in body mass index (BMI), waist/hip (W/H) ratio, leptin, blood glucose and insulin levels, as well as blood lipids between hypoxic and normoxic conditioning. Results: Fourteen RCTs with a total of 413 subjects qualified for inclusion. Pooled analyses revealed that BMI (d = 0.38), W/H ratio (d = 0), blood glucose (d = 0.01), and triglyceride (d = -2.27) were not significantly different between aerobic exercise training under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. However, significant differences were found in heart rate at rest (d = -4.50) between aerobic exercise training under hypoxic versus normoxic conditions. Conclusions: In conclusion, no significant benefits were noted in aerobic exercise training under hypoxic conditions over normoxic conditions in overweight or obese individuals. However, the maximum training heart rate mm was significantly higher under hypoxic conditions than under normoxic conditions. Future studies with larger samples controlling for exercise-related parameters, and addressing the potential modifying effects of level of hypoxia, sex, or age on the role of hypoxic exercise training are warranted. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020221680.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Perioperative Organ Protection Laboratory, Urumqi, China
| | - Linjie Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dilihumaier Duolikun
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiaoling Yao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Endemic Diseases, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, China
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87
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González-Domínguez Á, Belmonte T, González-Domínguez R. Childhood obesity, metabolic syndrome, and oxidative stress: microRNAs go on stage. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:1147-1164. [PMID: 37672200 PMCID: PMC10698091 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of childhood obesity and metabolic syndrome has grown notably in the last years, becoming major public health burdens in developed countries. Nowadays, oxidative stress is well-recognized to be closely associated with the onset and progression of several obesity-related complications within the framework of a complex crosstalk involving other intertwined pathogenic events, such as inflammation, insulin disturbances, and dyslipidemia. Thus, understanding the molecular basis behind these oxidative dysregulations could provide new approaches for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of childhood obesity and associated disorders. In this respect, the transcriptomic characterization of miRNAs bares great potential because of their involvement in post-transcriptional modulation of genetic expression. Herein, we provide a comprehensive literature revision gathering state-of-the-art research into the association between childhood obesity, metabolic syndrome, and miRNAs. We put special emphasis on the potential role of miRNAs in modulating obesity-related pathogenic events, with particular focus on oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro González-Domínguez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, 11009, Spain.
| | - Thalía Belmonte
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl González-Domínguez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, 11009, Spain
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88
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Rawal T, Muris JWM, Mishra VK, Arora M, Tandon N, van Schayck OCP. Effect of an educational intervention on diet and physical activity among school-aged adolescents in Delhi -The i-PROMISe (PROMoting health literacy in Schools) Plus Study. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2023; 2:100123. [PMID: 36919028 PMCID: PMC9991929 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2023.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Emerging lifestyle changes due to rapid urbanization have led to an epidemiological transition and the rising prevalence of obesity is responsible for major non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which have further aggravated due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a comprehensive school-based intervention on diet and physical activity-related behavior of adolescents. Methods In 2019, a cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in randomly selected (n = 8) private schools. A 2-year intervention program was implemented over consecutive academic years (2019-2020 and 2020-2021) with students who were in the 6th and 7th grades when the study began. Four schools were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 794) and four schools to the control group (n = 774). Results The difference in changes in diet and physical-activity-related behaviors of the students between the intervention and control schools were not significant in the intention to treat analysis probably due to the large drop-out due to COVID-19 measures: 304 students were available for follow-up in the intervention group and 122 in the control group (391 cases were excluded to make data comparable with baseline survey). The intake of vegetables (once a day) [β = 0.35, OR = 1.42, 95% CI (1.03, 1.95)] in the per-protocol analysis has increased among adolescents in the intervention group as compared to the control group. Conclusion The findings of this study indicated a positive effect of the intervention on diet and physical-activity-related changes in the expected direction and highlights the importance of addressing such behavior to prevent obesity among adolescents and thus NCDs in the later stage of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Rawal
- Health Promotion Division, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India.,Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jean W M Muris
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vijay Kumar Mishra
- Health Promotion Division, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
| | - Monika Arora
- Health Promotion Division, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Onno C P van Schayck
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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89
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Robert RC, Penny ME, Barbagelatta G, Gainer SA. Feeding Homemade Sugar Sweetened Beverages in Addition to Breastfeeding: Survey Results from Caregivers of Infants and Young Children in Peri-Urban Lima, Peru. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:2105-2112. [PMID: 37209377 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) is associated with childhood obesity and other negative health conditions. Feeding SSB to infants and young children (IYC) under 2 years may displace consumption of breastmilk and nutrient rich foods critical for optimal growth and development. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends avoiding added sugar (e.g. SSB) for IYC under 2 years. We sought to describe the variety of homemade and commercial SSB as well as breastmilk and beverages without added sugar fed to IYC aged 4-23 months living in a low-income, populous peri-urban area of Lima, Peru. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 181 households with IYC aged 4-23 months. A list of common local homemade and commercial beverages was used to investigate what caregivers had fed to the child in the past 24 h. RESULTS A total of 93.9% of caregivers reported feeding at least one beverage to their child other than breastmilk in the past 24 h. This included a variety of homemade SSB (73.5%), commercial SSB (18.2%) and homemade beverages without added sugar (70.2%). A high percentage (83.4%) of children were also breastfed. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Our findings suggest that interventions to address feeding homemade SSB to IYC within households are needed to support WHO recommendations and complement current commercial SSB policy regulations in Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Robert
- Conway School of Nursing, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Ave. N.E, Washington, DC, USA.
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru.
| | - Mary E Penny
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Sally A Gainer
- Conway School of Nursing, The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Ave. N.E, Washington, DC, USA
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90
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Hong Y, Ullah R, Wang JB, Fu JF. Trends of obesity and overweight among children and adolescents in China. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:1115-1126. [PMID: 36920656 PMCID: PMC10015139 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent decades have shown a rapid increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children based on several national surveys. Restrictions due to the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak have worsened its epidemiology. This review updates the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents and analyzes the underlying reasons to provide evidence for better policy making. METHODS Studies published in English and Chinese were retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been increasing for decades and varies with age, sex and geography but is more pronounced in primary school students. The increase in obesity in boys appeared to be slower, whereas that in girls showed a declining trend. The northern areas of China have persistently maintained the highest levels of obesity with a stable trend in recent years. Meanwhile, the prevalence in eastern regions has dramatically increased. Notably, the overall prevalence of obesity in children has shown a stabilizing trend in recent years. However, the occurrence of obesity-related metabolic diseases increased. The effect of migrants floating into east-coast cities should not be neglected. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents persists but with varying patterns. Obesity-related metabolic diseases occur more frequently despite a stable trend of obesity. Multiple factors are responsible for the changing prevalence. Thus, comprehensive and flexible policies are needed to effectively manage and prevent the burden of obesity and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jian-Bing Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jun-Fen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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91
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Foscolou A, Androutsos O, Kosti RI. Addressing a Growing Crisis: Exploring Novel Insights and Solutions in Research on Nutrition and Childhood and Adolescent Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1883. [PMID: 38136085 PMCID: PMC10741571 DOI: 10.3390/children10121883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Given the escalating global prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), it is consequently crucial to address childhood obesity by promoting lifestyle adjustments, as exemplified in the World Health Organization's Package of Essential Non-Communicable Disease Interventions for Primary Healthcare [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Foscolou
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics (CND-Lab), Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece (O.A.)
- Institute of Preventive Medicine Environmental and Occupational Health Prolepsis, 15125 Athens, Greece
| | - Odysseas Androutsos
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics (CND-Lab), Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece (O.A.)
| | - Rena I. Kosti
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics (CND-Lab), Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece (O.A.)
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92
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Kansal S, Raj A, Smita K, Worsley A, Rathi N. How do adolescents classify foods as healthy and unhealthy?: A qualitative inquiry from rural India. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e115. [PMID: 38025304 PMCID: PMC10660067 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Indian adolescents exhibit obesogenic dietary habits including low intake of fruits and vegetables and increasing consumption of fast food and carbonated beverages. Adolescents' classification of healthy and unhealthy foods is likely to have significant implications for their dietary behaviour, and consequently, their health. However, there is limited evidence about the ways Indian adolescents classify foods as healthy or unhealthy. Hence, this qualitative study was designed to explore how Indian adolescents classify nutritious or non-nutritious food choices. Convenience sampling was used to recruit the study participants from Tikari village in Uttar Pradesh, India. Underpinned by the social constructivist lens, the adolescents were interviewed face-to-face in Hindi. All the interactions were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and translated into English prior to data analysis. Transcribed data were analysed thematically using inductive as well as deductive coding, and subsequently, conceptual themes were extracted. A total of thirty-nine adolescents (twenty boys; nineteen girls) aged 10-19 years participated in this qualitative inquiry. The adolescents classified healthy and unhealthy foods based on the following six themes: (i) Food groups and nutrients; (ii) Health and immunity; (iii) Type of ingredient; (iv) Place and time of food preparation; (v) Packaging; and (vi) Parental influence. These findings can inform school-based food literacy interventions to foster healthy dietary habits and cooking skills among Indian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Kansal
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aryan Raj
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Kumari Smita
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anthony Worsley
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Neha Rathi
- Department of Home Science, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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93
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Jiang X, Zhao X, Zhou J, Zhang X, Song Y, Zhao L. The relationship between family function and the incidence of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents in Chengdu city, Sichuan province of China: based on latent profile analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2272. [PMID: 37978361 PMCID: PMC10656920 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight/obesity in children and adolescents has become a global health problem, and family function may be associated with its occurrence. Studies exploring the association between family function and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents were performed in Western and Taiwan, China. To date, related studies haven't been conducted in Mainland China. OBJECTIVES To investigate the current status of overweight, obesity, and family function among children and adolescents in Chengdu, China, and to explore their associations. METHODS Children and adolescents in five primary and middle schools were chosen by cluster sampling. Body Mass Index was used to measure the status of overweight and obesity, and the Chinese family assessment instrument was adopted to assess family function. Latent profile analysis and stepwise logistic regression were applied to identify family classification and explore the relationships between family function and overweight/obesity. RESULTS A total of 7616 (84.92%) children and adolescents out of 8968 completed the study with qualified-filled questionnaires. Nine hundred and sixty-six (12.68%)participants were overweight and 656 (8.61%) were obese. The family function was categorized into three profiles: mild (63.93%), moderate (12.32%), and severe (23.75%) dysfunction. The prevalence of overweight was 12.16%, 14.71%, and 13.05% for mild, moderate, and severe family dysfunction, respectively. And the prevalence of obesity was 8.19%, 10.77%, and 8.62% respectively. Participants in moderate and severe dysfunction families were more likely to be overweight (moderate: OR = 1.27, 95% CI:1.01 ~ 1.59, P = 0.04; severe: OR = 1.38, 95% CI:1.15 ~ 1.66, P = 0.001) and obese (moderate: OR = 1.35, 95% CI:1.02 ~ 1.79, P = 0.03; severe: OR = 1.55, 95% CI:1.23 ~ 1.96, P < 0.001). Sociodemographic data such as gender, residence, grade, pocket money per week, the number of siblings, and the education level of the mother were all associated with the risk of being overweight/obese in children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The problems of being overweight or obese exist among children and adolescents in Chengdu. And the risk of being overweight or obese increases along with the decrease in family function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Jiang
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiufang Zhao
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junxia Zhou
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China Fourth Hospital, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- West China Research Centre for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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94
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Jakše B, Fras Z, Fidler Mis N. Vegan Diets for Children: A Narrative Review of Position Papers Published by Relevant Associations. Nutrients 2023; 15:4715. [PMID: 38004109 PMCID: PMC10675242 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The scientific discourse on vegan diets for children and adolescents primarily involves referencing position statement papers from different scientific and professional organizations, including paediatric associations. Over the past two decades, specialized associations have issued official statements and published position papers about adopting well-designed vegan diets during crucial life stages, including pregnancy and lactation, infancy, and childhood. A subset of these associations firmly supports the notion that a well-designed vegan diet can indeed be healthy and support normal growth and development during particularly delicate life stages, emphasizing careful planning, vitamin B12 supplementation, and regular supervised medical and dietetics oversight. In contrast, specific paediatric associations caution against vegan diets for children and adolescents, citing potential harm and the lack of adequate substantiation. These criticisms in position papers frequently point to lower-quality studies and/or outdated studies. Additionally, concerns extend to comparing vegan and omnivorous diets, considering public health issues such as obesity and early stages of cardiovascular disease as well as the risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Notably, some scepticism stems from studies where children's adherence to a well-designed vegan diet is incomplete. Scientific rigor suggests performing a comparable assessment of omnivorous and vegan diets. This narrative review highlights the need for a comprehensive, up-to-date literature review to inform balanced perspectives on vegan diets for children and adolescents. Researchers and decision-makers should aim to actively improve the design and consistent implementation of both diet types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zlatko Fras
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Preventive Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Fidler Mis
- Ministry of Health, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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95
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Jones-Antwi R, Cunningham SA. Unhealthy weight among young children in the Middle East and North African region. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2383-2395. [PMID: 37606074 PMCID: PMC10641650 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand early-life growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, and how it has changed over time, we estimated the prevalence of wasting and overweight at ages under 5 years. DESIGN Cross-sectional data from twenty-nine Demographic and Health Surveys with direct anthropometric data and parent-reported demographic information were examined. The study utilised the WHO Child Growth Standards to classify overweight (weight-for-height z-score ≥ 2 sd above the median), wasting (weight-for-height z-score ≤ 2 sd below the median) and unhealthy weight defined as either wasting or overweight. SETTING Nationally representative for nine of the MENA countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Jordan, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey and Yemen). PARTICIPANTS Children under age 5 from nine MENA countries between 1987 and 2016 (n 155 961). RESULTS Across the region, at the most recent time point, between 7·3 and 23·6 % of children experienced unhealthy weight (Jordan - 7·3 %, Egypt -23·6 %); 1·7 and 16·6 % had wasting (Turkey, Yemen) and 2·0 and 15·0 % had overweight (Yemen, Egypt). Overweight was more common than wasting in all countries except Yemen and Mauritania. Between 1987 and 2016, the prevalence of unhealthy weight in the region increased (10·0-18·4 %) due to increases in both wasting and overweight. Boys had a higher prevalence of unhealthy weight than girls. CONCLUSION Undernutrition continues to be a problem in some countries in the MENA region, and overnutrition is emerging as a health concern in many countries in the region. Countries in the region must advance programmes that reduce undernutrition while not overlooking or inadvertently promoting overnutrition.
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Russell SJ, Mytton OT, Viner RM. Estimating the effects of preventive and weight-management interventions on the prevalence of childhood obesity in England: a modelling study. Lancet Public Health 2023; 8:e878-e888. [PMID: 37898520 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of the systematic delivery of treatments for obesity are unknown. We aimed to estimate the potential effects on the prevalence of childhood obesity of systematically offering preventive and treatment interventions to eligible children in England, based on weight or health status. METHODS For this modelling study, we developed a cross-sectional simulation model of the child and young adult population in England using data from multiple years of the Health Survey of England conducted between Jan 1, 2010, and Dec 31, 2019. Individuals were assessed for eligibility via age, BMI, and medical complications. Weight status was defined based on clinical criteria used by the UK National Institute of Health and Care Excellence. Published systematic reviews were used to estimate effect sizes for treatments, uptake, and completion for each weight-management tier. We used all available evidence, including evidence from studies that showed an unfavourable effect. We estimated the effects of two systematic approaches: a staged approach, in which children and young people were simultaneously given the most intensive treatment for which they were eligible, and a stepped approach, in which each management tier was applied sequentially, with additive effects. The primary outcomes were estimated prevalence of clinical obesity, defined as a BMI ≥98th centile on the UK90 growth chart, and difference in comparison with the estimated baseline prevalence. FINDINGS 18 080 children and young people were included in the analytical sample. Baseline prevalence of clinical obesity was estimated to be 11·2% (95% CI 10·5 to 11·8) for children and young people aged 2-18 years. In modelling, we estimated absolute decreases in the prevalence of obesity of 0·9% (95% CI 0·1 to 1·8) for universal, preventive interventions; 0·2% (0·1 to 0·4) for interventions within a primary-care setting; 1·0% (0·1 to 2·1) for community and lifestyle interventions; 0·2% (0·0 to 0·4) for pharmaceutical interventions; and 0·4% (0·1 to 0·7) for surgical interventions. Staged care was estimated to result in an absolute decrease in the prevalence of obesity of 1·3% (-0·3 to 2·4) and stepped care was estimated to lead to an absolute decrease of 2·4% (0·1 to 4·8). INTERPRETATION Although individual effect sizes for prevention and treatment interventions were small, when delivered at scale across England, these interventions have the potential to meaningfully contribute to reducing the prevalence of childhood obesity. FUNDING UK National Institute for Health and Care Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Russell
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Oliver T Mytton
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Russell M Viner
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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97
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Desmet M, Fillon A, Thivel D, Tanghe A, Braet C. Attrition rate and predictors of a monitoring mHealth application in adolescents with obesity. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e13071. [PMID: 37680003 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrating mobile health (mHealth) into paediatric obesity treatment can provide opportunities for more personalized and lifetime treatment. However, high attrition rates pose a significant challenge. The current study attempts to better understand attrition by exploring (1) attrition rates of a monitoring mHealth application for usage over 14 days and (2) testing predictors of attrition in adolescents with obesity. METHODS Participants were 69 adolescents between 12 and 16 years old who engaged in a multidisciplinary obesity treatment centre (either outpatient or inpatient) in two countries (Belgium and France). To assess the attrition rates, frequency distributions were used. To test the predictors of attrition, zero-inflated negative binomial regression was performed. RESULTS Attrition rates were high, in the outpatient group, more than half of the participants (53.3%) used the app for only 0-7 days. In the inpatient group, this percentage was 24.1%. Only deficits in initiating (a component of executive functions) were a negative predictor of attrition, indicating that deficits in initiating lead to lower attrition rates. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for high attrition rates in mHealth interventions for adolescents with obesity and was the first to investigate psychological predictors of attrition to an mHealth monitoring tool in adolescents with obesity in treatment. Findings regarding predictors of attrition should be approached with caution due to the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurane Desmet
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alicia Fillon
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), EA 3533, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), EA 3533, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- National Observatory for Physical Activity and Sedentary behaviors (ONAPS), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Caroline Braet
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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98
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Shestopalov AV, Davydov VV, Tumanyan GT, Teplyakova ED, Shkurat TP, Mashkina EV, Shkurat MA, Gaponov AM, Sadova AA, Borisenko OV, Roumiantsev SA. The Association of Adipokines and Myokines in the Blood of Obese Children and Adolescents with Lipoprotein Lipase rs328 Gene Variants. J Obes 2023; 2023:7392513. [PMID: 37901192 PMCID: PMC10611542 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7392513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity develops largely due to genetic factors, with the genetic polymorphism of lipid metabolism enzymes being of particular importance. However, it is still unclear how the genetic variants of one of the key enzymes in lipid transport, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), are associated with the endocrine function of mesenchymal tissues in obesity. The current study was aimed at the investigation of the LPL rs328 gene variant association with adipokines and myokines levels, as well as lipid metabolism indices in the blood of children and adolescents of both genders with obesity. We found that LPL polymorphism rs328 is not characterized by the differences in the levels of hormones, adipokines, and myokines and in the blood of healthy children and adolescents; however, it significantly affects these indices during obesity in gender-dependent manner. The shifts in hormones, adipokines, and myokines manifest mostly in the obese individuals with Ser447Ser genotype rather than with 447Ter genotype. Obese boys homozygous for Ser447Ser have more elevated leptin levels than girls. They also demonstrate lower adiponectin, apelin, prolactin, and osteocrine levels than those in obese girls with the same genotype. The gender-based differences are less pronounced in individuals with 447Ter genotype than in the homozygotes for 447Ser. Thus, we conclude that the polymorphism rs328 of the lipoprotein lipase gene is accompanied by the changes in hormones, adipokines, and myokines levels in the blood of children and adolescents with obesity in gender-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Shestopalov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V. Davydov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Mikhail A. Shkurat
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Limited Liability Company “Nauka”, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Andrey M. Gaponov
- V.A.Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Olga V. Borisenko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Roumiantsev
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russia
- Center of Digital and Translational Biomedicine (Center of Molecular Health), Moscow, Russia
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99
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Shaban NZ, Abdel-Alnaby M, Atta MN, Abdul-Aziz AA, Megahed F. The association between body mass index elevation and differentiation in vitamin D receptor gene expression, genetic polymorphism, and oxidative stress in adult Egyptian individuals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17696. [PMID: 37848505 PMCID: PMC10582247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a central role in maintaining calcium, phosphorus, and bone homeostasis in close interaction with the parathyroid hormone. Obesity is a significant health problem worldwide, particularly in developed nations. The current study was carried out to investigate the possible relationship between body mass index (BMI) elevation and differentiation in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (VD), vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene expression, and genetic polymorphism besides oxidative stress in adult Egyptian individuals. This was done to explore the mechanisms underlying the suggested role of the VD/VDR complex in the pathogenesis of obesity. A total of 70 subjects (30 obese, 25 overweight, and 15 normal, age: 20-50 years, without other chronic diseases) were selected. The study focused on the determination of VD, VDR gene polymorphism, VDR gene expression, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus, glucose, lipid profile, oxidative stress including, oxidant (malondialdehyde), and anti-oxidants (reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase). The results showed that elevation in BMI led to the percentage of the Ff 'allele' becoming predominant, while the percentage of the FF 'allele' was in the normal BMI range. Also, BMI elevation caused significant reductions in VD and VDR expression, with significant elevations in alkaline phosphatase and the levels of calcium and phosphate in serum. Also, oxidative stress increases with increasing BMI. Elevation in BMI causes a reduction in VD concentration and VDR gene expression levels. Also, the percentage of heterozygous mutant genotype Ff 'allele' is predominantly in the obese human, in contrast to normal subjects, where the percentage of homozygous wild genotype FF 'allele' is predominant. In general, the genetic expression and polymorphism of VD and VDR can be used as a genetic marker for predisposition, diagnosis, prognosis, and progression of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Z Shaban
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
| | - Mai Abdel-Alnaby
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N Atta
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Abdul-Aziz
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fayed Megahed
- Nucleic Acid Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnological Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
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100
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Márquez Álvarez CDM, Hernández-Cruz EY, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Oxidative stress in animal models of obesity caused by hypercaloric diets: A systematic review. Life Sci 2023; 331:122019. [PMID: 37567497 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health difficulty characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat that increases body weight. Obesity has been studied in multiple animal models, of which those in which it is induced by diet stand out. Due to the increase in this condition, other mechanisms have been addressed that are triggered by states of overweight or obesity, such as the appearance of oxidative stress. These models aim to relate obesity caused by diet and how it influences the development of oxidative stress. In this study, a systematic review of the literature of 39 articles that studied obesity due to the consumption of hypercaloric diets and the appearance of oxidative stress in different animal models was carried out. This review identified the models with the most excellent use and the characteristics of the most appropriate diets to characterize states of oxidative stress due to obesity. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of each model used are provided, as well as the techniques used for the assessment of obesity, and oxidative stress, providing the information in such a way that there is a general overview of the existing models of the parameters that allow to adequately establish both variables studied, providing information that allows the researcher to choose the appropriate model and factors according to the interest and objectives of the present research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corazón de María Márquez Álvarez
- Laboratory for Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic División of Comalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Ranchería Sur, Cuarta Sección, 866500, Comalco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Estefani Yaquelin Hernández-Cruz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico; Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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