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Amoako M, Amoah-Agyei F, Du C, Fenton JI, Tucker RM. Emotional Eating among Ghanaian University Students: Associations with Physical and Mental Health Measures. Nutrients 2023; 15:1526. [PMID: 36986256 PMCID: PMC10056396 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating behaviors are a set of cognitive processes that influence dietary decision making and, thus, overall health. Some of the most studied eating behaviors are those characterized by the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-18 (TFEQ). The TFEQ examines three eating behaviors: emotional eating (EE), uncontrolled eating (UE), and restrained eating (RE). While frequently used, there is little information characterizing these eating behaviors in the Ghanaian population. This cross-sectional study describes EE, UE, and RE behaviors in a university student population (n = 129) in Ghana. Of the three behaviors, EE was the only one associated with any of the health outcomes in this study: BMI for males (r = 0.388, p = 0.002) and anxiety (r = 0.471, p < 0.001, higher score is less desirable), and sleep quality (r = 0.464, p < 0.001, higher score is less desirable) for females. Overweight and obese females reported significantly higher EE scores compared to healthy weight females (35.7 ± 23.7 vs. 11.9 ± 15.6, p = 0.002). No such observation was observed among overweight and obese males (p > 0.05). EE, UE, and RE scores did not differ between males and females. While this study provides important information about the eating behaviors of Ghanaian university students and allows for comparison to students from other cultures, future work must develop culturally relevant tools for the Ghanaian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Amoako
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana
| | - Felicity Amoah-Agyei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana
| | - Chen Du
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jenifer I. Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Robin M. Tucker
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, 469 Wilson Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Rosenqvist E, Kiviruusu O, Berg N, Konttinen H. Stress-induced eating and drinking and their associations with weight among women and men during 30-year follow-up. Psychol Health 2023:1-16. [PMID: 36946279 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2192240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is associated with obesity through several mechanisms, including coping methods used in stressful situations. However, long-term prospective studies investigating stress-induced eating and drinking in parallel and their relationships with weight are scarce. PURPOSE We examined the prevalence of stress-induced eating and drinking and their associations with body mass index (BMI) among women and men during a 30-year follow-up, as well as BMI trajectories from early adulthood to middle age. METHODS Participants of a Finnish cohort study were followed by questionnaires at the ages of 22 (N = 1656), 32 (N = 1471), 42 (N = 1334), and 52 (N = 1160). Their coping methods were evaluated by asking how common it was for them to act in certain ways when they encountered stressful situations. We used linear regression analysis to examine the associations between coping methods and BMI, and latent growth models to analyze the BMI trajectories. RESULTS The prevalence of stress-induced eating was higher among women than men throughout the follow-up, whereas stress-induced drinking was more common among men at 22 and 32 years of age. Stress-induced eating was associated with higher BMI at all ages among women, and from the age of 32 among men. Eating as a persistent coping method over the life course was associated with a higher and faster growth rate of BMI trajectories. Stress-induced drinking was associated with higher BMI in middle age, and with a faster growth of BMI among men. CONCLUSIONS Effective, appropriate stress management may be one essential factor in preventing weight gain in the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosenqvist
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Kiviruusu
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Berg
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Konttinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Dakanalis A, Mentzelou M, Papadopoulou SK, Papandreou D, Spanoudaki M, Vasios GK, Pavlidou E, Mantzorou M, Giaginis C. The Association of Emotional Eating with Overweight/Obesity, Depression, Anxiety/Stress, and Dietary Patterns: A Review of the Current Clinical Evidence. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051173. [PMID: 36904172 PMCID: PMC10005347 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Emotional eating is considered as the propensity to eat in response to emotions. It is considered as a critical risk factor for recurrent weight gain. Such overeating is able to affect general health due to excess energy intake and mental health. So far, there is still considerable controversy on the effect of the emotional eating concept. The objective of this study is to summarize and evaluate the interconnections among emotional eating and overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns; (2) Methods: This is a thorough review of the reported associations among emotional eating and overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns. We compressively searched the most precise scientific online databases, e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar to obtain the most up-to-date data from clinical studies in humans from the last ten years (2013-2023) using critical and representative keywords. Several inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied for scrutinizing only longitudinal, cross-sectional, descriptive, and prospective clinical studies in Caucasian populations; (3) Results: The currently available findings suggest that overeating/obesity and unhealthy eating behaviors (e.g., fast food consumption) are associated with emotional eating. Moreover, the increase in depressive symptoms seems to be related with more emotional eating. Psychological distress is also related with a greater risk for emotional eating. However, the most common limitations are the small sample size and their lack of diversity. In addition, a cross-sectional study was performed in the majority of them; (4) Conclusions: Finding coping mechanisms for the negative emotions and nutrition education can prevent the prevalence of emotional eating. Future studies should further explain the underlying mechanisms of the interconnections among emotional eating and overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Dakanalis
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Souzana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maria Spanoudaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Clinical Dietetics & Nutrition Department of 424 General Military Hospital, New Efkarpia Ring Road, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios K. Vasios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Maria Mantzorou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (C.G.)
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Emotions and Food Consumption: Emotional Eating Behavior in a European Population. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040872. [PMID: 36832947 PMCID: PMC9957014 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotion can reflect in the perception of food consumption. An increase in food intake during emotional and psychological conditions may have a negative impact on human health. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the associations between food consumption, emotional eating behavior, and emotional conditions such as stress, depression, loneliness, boredom eating, maintaining vigilance and alertness, and emotional food consolation. We used a Motivations for Food Choices Questionnaire (Eating Motivations, EATMOT) to determine the emotional aspects of food consumption in 9052 respondents living in 12 European countries between October 2017 and March 2018. Ordinal linear regression was used to identify the associations between the emotional eating behavior and emotional conditions such as stress, depression, loneliness, emotional consolation, and reasons to improve physical and psychological conditions. The regression models confirmed the associations between food consumption, emotional conditions, and emotional eating behavior. Associations were found between the emotional eating behavior and stress (odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.60, p = 0.010), depressive mood (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.40-1.43, p < 0.001), loneliness (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.58-1.62, p < 0.001), boredom (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.36-1.39, p < 0.001), and emotional consolation (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.54-1.57, p < 0.001). Emotional eating was associated with an effort to improve physical and psychological conditions, such as controlling body weight (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.10-1.12, p < 0.001), keeping awake and alert (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.19-1.20, p < 0.001) and consumption to feel good (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.21-1.22, p < 0.001). In conclusion, emotions might provoke emotional eating behavior. The appropriate way to handle stress, depression, or other emotional states is important in conditions of being emotionally overwhelmed. The public should be educated on how to handle different emotional states. The focus should be moved somehow from emotional eating and the consumption of unhealthy food to healthy lifestyle practices, including regular exercise and healthy eating habits. Thus, it is necessary to halt these negative health effects on human health through public health programs.
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Does obesity related eating behaviors only affect chronic diseases? A nationwide study of university students in China. Prev Med Rep 2023; 32:102135. [PMID: 36798793 PMCID: PMC9925956 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary aims of this study are to examine associations between obesity-related eating behaviors (OEB) and chronic and infectious diseases, and mental disorders. A representative nationwide survey was used to collect information among 11,659 medical students from 31 universities in China. Multiple variable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between OEB and the diseases. The multiple variable logistic regression model found that OEB was significantly associated with chronic disease (OR (Odds Ratio): 1.74 < 95 % C.I (Confidence Interval): 1.45, 2.65 > ), infectious disease (OR: 3.37 < 95 % C.I: 1.04, 1.81 > ), and mental disorder (OR: 1.87(<95 % C.I: 1.55, 2.25 > ). These findings underscore the importance of addressing OEB in programs and policies to promote health and prevent disease among university students.
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56
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Černelič-Bizjak M, Kenig S, Petelin A, Jenko-Pražnikar Z, Mohorko N. Link between emotional and external eating behaviors, peripheral neuropeptide Y, and β-hydroxybutyrate in participants with obesity on 12-week ketogenic diet. Nutr Health 2023:2601060231154464. [PMID: 36734124 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231154464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Understanding the impact of stress on emotional and external eating behaviors and the psychological and the associated metabolic factors can help in designing subsequent interventions to protect health. In particular, psychological trait-like construct related to eating has been shown to be an important target for intervention. Methods and measures: This study aimed to investigate the biochemical variables associated with a decrease in emotional and external eating behaviors due to 12-week ketogenic diet (12KD) in 35 adult participants (12 males) with obesity. Results: Absolute changes in emotional and external eating were independent of changes in body mass, nutritional intake, and Δ cortisol, but were predicted with increases in serum β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and decreases in serum peripheral neuropeptide Y (pNPY) (all p's < 0.050). Decrease in pNPY was also associated with an increase in BHB but was independent of anthropometrical changes, Δ fasting glucose, and Δ insulin. Conclusion: The reductions in emotional and external eating behaviors in participants with obesity were uniquely predicted by an increase in BHB and a decrease in pNPY after 12KD. In ketosis, emotional and external eating dropped independently of body mass change. Change in pNPY predicted changes in emotional and external eating. The role of BHB in modulating eating behavior should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saša Kenig
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 68960University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Ana Petelin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 68960University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | | | - Nina Mohorko
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 68960University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
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57
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Abdelsamea GA, Amr M, Tolba AMN, Elboraie HO, Soliman A, Al-Amir Hassan B, Ali F, Osman DA. Impact of weight loss on sexual and psychological functions and quality of life in females with sexual dysfunction: A forgotten avenue. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1090256. [PMID: 36818091 PMCID: PMC9929060 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1090256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the impact of weight loss on sexual and psychological health as well as quality of life in females with sexual dysfunction. Materials and methods The study was done at Delta University for Science and Technology in Gamasa, Egypt, on 40 obese married females having sexual dysfunction. Their age ranged from 20 to 40 years old, with a mean of 28.98 ± 4.96 years. They followed a weight loss program in the form of diet regimen and physical training for 6 months. Anthropometric measures, Arabic Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Arabic version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Arabic version of Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) were evaluated prior to starting the study, after 3 and 6 months of the study. Results Statistical analysis revealed significant reductions in anthropometric measures, as well as significant improvements in HADS and SF-36 scores after both 3 and 6 months of weight loss intervention compared to the baseline measurements, while there were significant improvements in sexual arousal, lubrication, patient satisfaction as well as the total score of FSFI after 3 months and contrarily there were no statistically significant changes in any of the FSFI's domains or overall score after 6 months of the weight loss program compared to baseline. Conclusion Weight loss improves females' anthropometric measures, psychological function and quality of life; however, it has no direct effect on female sexual dysfunction (FSD) after 6 months compared to baseline, so increased awareness of FSD is necessary as this issue suffers from inadequate identification and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan A. Abdelsamea
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy for Women’s Health, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt,Faculty of Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy for Women’s Health, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Amr
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. N. Tolba
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Department of Basic Science, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Haitham O. Elboraie
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Amir Soliman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Badr Al-Amir Hassan
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy for Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Faten Ali
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy for Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Doaa A. Osman
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy for Women’s Health, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt,Faculty of Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy for Women’s Health, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt,*Correspondence: Doaa A. Osman,
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58
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Annesi JJ, Stewart FA. Emotional Eating: Psychosocial Bases, Accordingly Directed Treatment Design, and Longitudinal Effects in Women with Obesity. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2023; 44:221-237. [PMID: 36701021 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-023-00723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Emotional eating (eating triggered by adverse mood) might be an important psychosocial variable to address to improve overwhelmingly deficient obesity treatment outcomes in women. However, emotional eating has rarely been focused upon in a systematic, evidence-based manner. Within Part 1 of this field-based study completed within community health-promotion centers the United States, a treatment protocol was developed targeting negative mood, body satisfaction, and self-efficacy to resist negative emotion-related eating (SE-NegEm), which were the significant psychosocial predictors of emotional eating found at baseline in the women participants with obesity. A comparison condition consisted of matched treatment time, but focused upon typical processes of providing education in healthy eating and exercise. Cluster sampling allocated participants to either the treatment group (n = 100) or comparison group (n = 86). In Part 2, overall improvements in mood, body satisfaction, SE-NegEm, and emotional eating were found to be significant, and significantly more pronounced in the treatment group. In parallel multiple mediation analyses incorporating aggregated data, changes from baseline-Month 3 and baseline-Month 6 in negative mood, body satisfaction, and SE-NegEm significantly mediated relationships between group and changes in emotional eating from baseline-Month 6 and baseline-Month 12, respectively. Changes in body satisfaction and SE-NegEm were significant independent mediators for 6-month change, with negative mood change additionally significant for 12-month change. Reduced emotional eating significantly predicted lost weight, which was greater in the treatment group (- 5.8% vs. - 0.9%). The present process of tailoring and testing treatment content based on earlier-identified predictors of emotional eating was supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Annesi
- College of Health Sciences and Human Services, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA. .,Central Coast YMCA, 600 Camino El Estero, Monterey, CA, 93940, USA.
| | - Francine A Stewart
- College of Education, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA.,Sanford College of Education, National University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Monterey Peninsula Unified School District, Monterey, CA, USA
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Wang Q, Chu H, Qu P, Fang H, Liang D, Liu S, Li J, Liu A. Machine-learning prediction of BMI change among doctors and nurses in North China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1019827. [PMID: 36776607 PMCID: PMC9908761 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1019827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has become a major public health concern over the past 3 years, leading to adverse effects on front-line healthcare workers. This study aimed to develop a Body Mass Index (BMI) change prediction model among doctors and nurses in North China during the COVID-19 pandemic, and further identified the predicting effects of lifestyles, sleep quality, work-related conditions, and personality traits on BMI change. Methods The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted in North China, during May-August 2022. A total of 5,400 doctors and nurses were randomly recruited from 39 COVID-19 designated hospitals and 5,271 participants provided valid responses. Participants' data related to social-demographics, dietary behavior, lifestyle, sleep, personality, and work-related conflicts were collected with questionnaires. Deep Neural Network (DNN) was applied to develop a BMI change prediction model among doctors and nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Of participants, only 2,216 (42.0%) individuals kept a stable BMI. Results showed that personality traits, dietary behaviors, lifestyles, sleep quality, burnout, and work-related conditions had effects on the BMI change among doctors and nurses. The prediction model for BMI change was developed with a 33-26-20-1 network framework. The DNN model achieved high prediction efficacy, and values of R 2, MAE, MSE, and RMSE for the model were 0.940, 0.027, 0.002, and 0.038, respectively. Among doctors and nurses, the top five predictors in the BMI change prediction model were unbalanced nutritional diet, poor sleep quality, work-family conflict, lack of exercise, and soft drinks consumption. Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, BMI change was highly prevalent among doctors and nurses in North China. Machine learning models can provide an automated identification mechanism for the prediction of BMI change. Personality traits, dietary behaviors, lifestyles, sleep quality, burnout, and work-related conditions have contributed to the BMI change prediction. Integrated treatment measures should be taken in the management of weight and BMI by policymakers, hospital administrators, and healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihe Wang
- Department of Nutrition Division I, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyun Chu
- Public Health Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pengfeng Qu
- Department of Nutrition Division I, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqin Fang
- Department of Nutrition Division I, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Nutrition Division I, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Sana Liu
- Department of Nutrition Division I, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Jinliang Li
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Harbin Sixth Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Aidong Liu
- Department of Nutrition Division I, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Aidong Liu,
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Liao SF, Su CY, Su MH, Chen CY, Chen CY, Lin YF, Pan YJ, Hsiao PC, Chen PC, Huang YT, Wu CS, Wang SH. Associations of polygenic risks, depression, and obesity-related traits in Taiwan Biobank. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:397-403. [PMID: 36206878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comorbidity of obesity and major depressive disorder (MDD) may be attributable to a bidirectional relationship and shared genetic influence. We aimed to examine the polygenic associations between obesity and MDD and to characterize their corresponding impacts on the obesity mechanism. METHODS Genome-wide genotyping was available in 106,604 unrelated individuals from Taiwan Biobank. Polygenic risk score (PRS) for body mass index (BMI) and MDD was derived to evaluate their effects on obesity-related traits. Stratified analyses were performed for the modified effect of depression on the polygenic associations. RESULTS The MDD PRS was positively associated with waistline (beta in per SD increase in PRS = 0.12), hipline (beta = 0.08), waist-hip ratio (WHR) (beta = 0.05), body fat rate (beta = 0.08), BMI (beta = 0.05), overweight (OR = 1.02 for BMI ≥ 25), and obesity (OR = 1.05 for BMI ≥ 30). For the synergism between depression and BMI PRS, the presence of active depression symptoms defined by the PHQ-4 (p for interaction < 0.05 for waistline, WHR, and BMI) was more salient than lifetime MDD. LIMITATIONS Limitations include recall bias for MDD due to a retrospective self-reporting questionnaire, a low response rate of the PHQ-4 for evaluating active psychological symptoms, and limited generalizability to non-Taiwanese ancestries. CONCLUSIONS The shared genetic etiology of obesity and depression was demonstrated. The amplified effect of BMI polygenic effect on obesity for individuals with active depressive symptoms was also characterized. The study may be helpful for designing public health interventions to reduce the disease burden caused by obesity and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yun Su
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Su
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yun Chen
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Chen
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yen-Feng Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Pan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Hsiao
- College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chen
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tsung Huang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wu
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Heng Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Robinson E. Obesity and the cost of living crisis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:93-94. [PMID: 36456646 PMCID: PMC9715406 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Eleanor Rathbone Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZA, UK.
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Putnoky S, Serban DM, Banu AM, Ursoniu S, Serban CL. Reliability and Validity of the Emotional Eater Questionnaire in Romanian Adults. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010026. [PMID: 36615682 PMCID: PMC9823580 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative emotions and chronic stress trigger abnormal compensatory behaviors known as emotional eating (EE). EE is a well-known mediator for increased body mass index and weight gain. Our aim was to analyze the factor structure and validity and reliability of the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) in a sample of 200 Romanian adults with excess weight. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the construct validity. The mindful eating questionnaire (MEQ) was used to test concurrent validity. Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman correlations were used to analyze internal and external reliability. The socio-demographic characteristics were used as factors for convergent validity. PCA revealed the existence of three major factors, disinhibition, type of food, and guilt, which accounted for 64.9% of the variance. Concurrent validity showed medium to large associations with MEQ (r = 0.650; p < 0.001) and a large association with the emotional subscale of MEQ (r = 0.732; p < 0.001). Reliability was adequate with Cronbach’s alfa = 0.841 and ICC = 0.775. In a multivariate model, the highest contribution to the EE score was the age (beta = −0.327), followed by feminine gender (beta = 0.321), high levels of perceived stress (beta = 0.215), BMI (beta = 0.184) and lower perceived health status (beta = 0.184). The Romanian version of the EEQ is a reliable and valid tool for measuring emotional eating in adults with excess weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomeia Putnoky
- Department of Microbiology, Discipline of Hygiene, Centre for Studies in Preventive Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Denis Mihai Serban
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynaecology, Discipline of Obstetrics-Gynaecology II, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40256-204400
| | - Ancuta Mioara Banu
- Department 2, Discipline of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Ursoniu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Public Health, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Costela Lacrimioara Serban
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Public Health, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Calderón-Asenjo RE, Jalk-Muñoz MC, Calizaya-Milla YE, Calizaya-Milla SE, Ramos-Vera C, Saintila J. Association Between Emotional Eating, Sociodemographic Characteristics, Physical Activity, Sleep Duration, and Mental and Physical Health in Young Adults. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:2845-2859. [PMID: 36536663 PMCID: PMC9759015 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s391752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional eating (EmE) is one of the most common eating behaviors maladaptive among young adults, however, in the Peruvian context, it remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine the association between negative EmE, sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, sleep duration, and mental and physical health in young adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 400 young Peruvian adults living in three regions of Peru (coast, jungle, and highlands). An online survey was used to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, sleep duration, depressive symptoms, anxiety, hypertension, and negative EmE. In addition, self-reported anthropometric data were collected to calculate body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Approximately 55.8% of women presented negative EmE. Logistic regression analysis revealed that participants aged 30-39 years were less likely to have negative EmE in both female and male gender, OR; 0.24, 95% CI; 0.08-0.66, p<0.01 and OR; 0.40, 95% CI; 0.16-0.97, p<0.05, respectively. Perform physical activity 3 to 4 times 5.22 (95% CI: 1.31-20.78), 1 to 2 times a week 5.77 (95% CI: 1.91-17.44), and never 15.18 (95% CI: 3.90-59.00) were associated with negative EmE. Moreover, sleeping less than 7 hours per day (OR; 2.26, 95% CI; 1.04-4.90), depressive symptoms (OR = 6.29, 95% CI: 1.27-31.19), anxiety (OR = 14.13, 95% CI: 2.46-80. 97, p<0.01), hypertension (OR = 7.58, 95% CI: 1.24-46.17), and BMI ≥25 (overweight/obese) (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.66-3.41) were associated with negative EmE. CONCLUSION The findings show that there is an association between negative EmE, sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, sleep duration, and mental and physical health in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yaquelin E Calizaya-Milla
- School of Human Nutrition, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
- Research Group for Nutrition and Lifestyle, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
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Pavlova NT, Ramasawmy C, Picariello F, Smith C, Moss‐Morris R. ‘I don't know which is the chicken and which is the egg’: A qualitative study of weight loss‐related beliefs and behaviours among adults with psoriasis and comorbid obesity. Br J Health Psychol 2022; 28:532-551. [PMID: 36484107 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is a common (30%-40%) comorbidity of psoriasis. Weight loss is shown to improve the severity of psoriasis; however, little is known about the factors that may influence successful weight loss in the context of obesity and psoriasis. The current qualitative study aimed to explore the obesity-associated beliefs, perceptions, and behaviours related to weight loss in psoriasis. Preferences for a weight loss intervention were also explored. DESIGN Qualitative in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 adults (62.5% male) with moderate-to-severe psoriasis and obesity (mean body mass index = 35.2 kg/m2 , SD = 4.1), recruited through a patient organization website in the UK. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Most participants viewed psoriasis as unrelated to obesity. A well-controlled psoriasis and improvements in psoriasis symptoms were considered as major motivators for engaging in a weight loss program by individuals who viewed psoriasis and obesity as related conditions. Comfort eating was perceived as an escape strategy from the psoriasis-induced negative emotions. Participants shared their dissatisfaction with current weight loss recommendations which were too generic. They suggested that a desirable weight loss program would require both emotional and behavioural support, with an emphasis on psoriasis' burden. CONCLUSION The findings accentuate the importance of (1) clinicians discussing the link between obesity and psoriasis with patients, (2) weight loss advice to include both behavioural and emotional support, and (3) a weight loss advice to consider the psoriasis burden and the perceived barriers which may potentially lead to improved outcomes to obesity management in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli T. Pavlova
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Celeny Ramasawmy
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Federica Picariello
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Catherine Smith
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- St John's Institute of Dermatology Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Rona Moss‐Morris
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
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Oğuz G, Batmaz S, Toker Uğurlu T, Karabekiroğlu A, Al M, Mert A, Birsen O, Matsar Ay A, Eles V, Derici Ülker B, Sözeri Varma G. Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of Mahony Psychological Assessment for Bariatric Surgery. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2022; 32:331-343. [PMID: 38764887 PMCID: PMC11082636 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2022.22011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Mahony Psychological Assessment for Bariatric Surgery which can be easily administered and used as a guide by health professionals who will be included in the treatment of patients who are potential candidates for bariatric surgery. Methods A total of 310 patients who were admitted to health institutions for bariatric surgery in 3 different provinces of Turkey answered these questions in the Turkish translation of Mahony Psychological Assessment for Bariatric Surgery. Eating disorder examination questionnaire was also administered to the patients in addition to Mahony Psychological Assessment for Bariatric Surgery. Results Early life problems due to weight scores of women were significantly higher than men (P = .001). Among the age groups, both the early life problems due to weight scores (P = .008) and dysphoric feelings about weight scores (P < .001) of the 18-44 age group were significantly higher than the participants who are over the age of 45. There is a weak-to-medium and positive correlation between the total Mahony Psychological Assessment for Bariatric Surgery total scores and all the subscale and total scores of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (P < .05 for all). These correlation results support the co-validity of Mahony Psychological Assessment for Bariatric Surgery and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Internal consistency of the Mahony Psychological Assessment for Bariatric Surgery was at a high level except for the subscale of positive treatment attitude and supportive environment. Cronbach's ɑ values were calculated to be 0.902 for the subscale of emotional and binge eating, 0.820 for the early life problems due to weight, 0.856 for the dysphoric feelings about weight, 0.539 for the positive treatment attitude and supportive environment, and 0.919 for the whole scale. Conclusion The analyses have shown that the Turkish version of Mahony Psychological Assessment for Bariatric Surgery may be used in clinical interviews and psychiatric evaluation of bariatric surgery patients in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sedat Batmaz
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Social Sciences University of Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Toker Uğurlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamukkale University, School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Aytül Karabekiroğlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, School of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Al
- Clinic of Metabolic Surgery, Büyük Anadolu Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Alper Mert
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Servergazi State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Onur Birsen
- Department of General Surgery, Pamukkale University, School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | | | - Vedat Eles
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Midyat State Hospital, Mardin, Turkey
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Pavlova NT, Moss‐Morris R, Smith C, Carr E, Rayner L, Picariello F. The importance of illness severity and multimorbidity in the association between mental health and body weight in psoriasis: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2022; 2:e117. [PMID: 36479273 PMCID: PMC9720224 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background High body weight is common in psoriasis and is associated with depression and anxiety. Past studies are mostly cross-sectional and may underestimate the role of demographic and illness-related factors in the association between mental health and body weight in psoriasis. Objectives This study explored the association between depression and anxiety with waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) cross-sectionally and at 12 months follow-up, adjusting for demographic and illness-related factors in people with psoriasis. Method Routine psoriasis care data were combined with data on depression and anxiety from a large specialist psoriasis centre. The analytical samples consisted of patients with complete data on either waist circumference (N = 326 at time 1; N = 191 at follow-up) or BMI (N = 399 at time 1; N = 233 at follow-up) and corresponding mental health, demographic, and illness-related information. Associations between weight-related outcomes and mental health variables were assessed at time one and at 12 months follow-up, after adjusting for demographic and illness-related factors. Results We found no evidence of associations between mental health and waist circumference or BMI, after adjusting for age, gender and illness-related factors. Higher age, male gender and illness-related factors, specifically multimorbidity and psoriasis severity, were positively associated with waist circumference and BMI at both time points. Conclusion This study revealed the important role of factors related to illness severity in body weight in psoriasis. The contribution of depression and anxiety to weight was not observed here likely due to the sample and methodology used. Future work should explore other psychosocial factors such as weight-related attitudes and emotional eating in the context of weight in psoriasis, to help inform the development of successful weight-management treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli T. Pavlova
- Health Psychology SectionPsychology DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Rona Moss‐Morris
- Health Psychology SectionPsychology DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Catherine Smith
- Health Psychology SectionPsychology DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustSt John's Institute of DermatologyLondonUK
| | - Ewan Carr
- Department of Biostatistics and Health InformaticsInstitute of Psychiatry Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Lauren Rayner
- Department of Psychological MedicineInstitute of Psychiatry Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Federica Picariello
- Health Psychology SectionPsychology DepartmentInstitute of Psychiatry Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Judgment towards emotions as a mediator of the relationship between emotional eating and depression symptoms in bariatric surgery candidates. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:3675-3683. [PMID: 36449208 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Emotional eating is common in bariatric surgery candidates, and often is associated with depression and poorer weight loss outcomes following surgery. However, less is known about other modifiable risk factors that may link depression and emotional eating. The aim of the current study was to examine facets of mindfulness as potential mediators of the relationship between emotional eating and depression severity in bariatric surgery candidates. METHODS Bariatric surgery candidates (n = 743) were referred by their surgeons for a comprehensive psychiatric pre-surgical evaluation that included self-report questionnaires assessing depression severity, emotional overeating, and facets of mindfulness. Mediation effects were examined for each mindfulness facet based on prior research. RESULTS Only the nonjudging mindfulness facet significantly mediated the relationship between emotional eating and depression, suggesting that greater emotional eating may be associated with greater depression severity through higher levels of judgement towards thoughts and emotions. A reverse mediation analysis showed that depression severity was not a significant mediator of the relationship between nonjudging and emotional eating. CONCLUSION Fostering a nonjudgmental stance towards thoughts and feelings may be helpful in improving eating habits that would support greater post-surgical success. Other clinical and research implications are discussed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive study.
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Tuncer GZ, Çetinkaya Duman Z. Effects of the guided self-help based on shared decision making on eating behaviors in an individual with bipolar disorder. Nurs Forum 2022; 57:1213-1219. [PMID: 36336955 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating behavior in individuals with chronic mental disorders is affected by several factors such as stress, drugs, and the environment. Eating problems can lead to over-nutrition and obesity. Therefore, the Shared Decision Making Model-based Guided Self-Help Program aimed at solving the eating problems of individuals with bipolar disorder living in the community should be tested with preliminary studies. Thus, it would be appropriate to create a useful, accessible, and applicable program for these individuals to overcome their eating problems. CASE PRESENTATION In this case study, the effects of the Guided Self-Help Program based on the Shared Decision Making Model (GSHP-SDM) on the eating behaviors of an individual who was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and displayed binge eating and emotional eating behaviors were investigated. In the study, it was determined that implementation of the eight-session GSHP-SDM, during which the participant was interviewed once a week, improved her emotional and uncontrolled eating behaviors. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first case study in which the GSHP was implemented to change the eating behavior of an individual with a chronic mental disorder. We observed that the GSHP regulated her eating behavior. We also observed that SDM therapeutic intervention enabled her to decide that she could regulate her eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsüm Zekiye Tuncer
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zekiye Çetinkaya Duman
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
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Koning E, Vorstman J, McIntyre RS, Brietzke E. Characterizing eating behavioral phenotypes in mood disorders: a narrative review. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2885-2898. [PMID: 36004528 PMCID: PMC9693712 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders, including depressive and bipolar disorders, represent a multidimensional and prevalent group of psychiatric illnesses characterized by disturbances in emotion, cognition and metabolism. Maladaptive eating behaviors in mood disorders are diverse and warrant characterization in order to increase the precision of diagnostic criteria, identify subtypes and improve treatment strategies. The current narrative review synthesizes evidence for Eating Behavioral Phenotypes (EBP) in mood disorders as well as advancements in pathophysiological conceptual frameworks relevant to each phenotype. Phenotypes include maladaptive eating behaviors related to appetite, emotion, reward, impulsivity, diet style and circadian rhythm disruption. Potential treatment strategies for each phenotype are also discussed, including psychotherapeutic, pharmacological and nutritional interventions. Maladaptive eating behaviors related to mood disorders are relevant from both clinical and research perspectives, yet have been somewhat overlooked thus far. A better understanding of this aspect of mood disorders holds promise to improve clinical care in this patient group and contribute to the subtyping of these currently subjectively diagnosed and treated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Koning
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob Vorstman
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Aymes E, Lisembard G, Dallongeville J, Rousseaux J, Dumont M, Amouyel P, Romon M, Meirhaeghe A. Identification of several eating habits that mediate the association between eating behaviors and the risk of obesity. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:585-594. [PMID: 36238220 PMCID: PMC9535665 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Eating behaviors play important roles in the development of obesity. A better knowledge of the psychological aspects of eating behaviors in individuals with and without obesity and their consequences on daily eating and lifestyle habits would be informative. The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ)-R21 assesses the psychometrics of eating behavior. The objectives of the study were to establish which eating habits were or were not associated with TFEQ eating behaviors, and to quantify the extent to which those eating habits mediated the association between TFEQ eating behaviors and obesity risk. Methods Data were obtained from the Gene and Environment Case-Control Obesity Study from northern France. It included 2237 individuals with obesity and 403 individuals without obesity. Eating behaviors were assessed according to the TFEQ-R21. Two activity levels (physical activity and television watching) and six eating habits (e.g., plate size, having one serving or at least two servings of the main meal, …) were evaluated. Regression and mediation analyses were performed. Results Higher cognitive restraint, higher uncontrolled eating (UE) and higher emotional eating (EE) were associated with a higher risk of obesity, independently of each other and of age, sex, socio-economic status and physical activity. Cognitive restraint was negatively associated with having at least two servings, while UE and EE were associated with several obesogenic habits such as eating in front of the television or eating at night. Each of these obesogenic habits mediated between 3% and 20% of the association between UE or EE and obesity. Conclusions Psychological eating behaviors were associated with several lifestyle and eating habits in both individuals with and without obesity. Moreover, some eating habits partially mediated (between 3% and 20%) the association between TFEQ eating behaviors and obesity risk. For clinicians, this study shows that simple, easy-to-ask questions on specific daily eating habits can provide essential information to better understand and manage patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Aymes
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 ‐ RID‐AGE ‐ Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissementLilleFrance
| | - Gabrielle Lisembard
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 ‐ RID‐AGE ‐ Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissementLilleFrance
| | - Jean Dallongeville
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 ‐ RID‐AGE ‐ Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissementLilleFrance
| | | | - Marie‐Pierre Dumont
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 ‐ RID‐AGE ‐ Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissementLilleFrance
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 ‐ RID‐AGE ‐ Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissementLilleFrance
| | - Monique Romon
- Université Lille, ULR 2694 ‐ METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicalesLilleFrance
| | - Aline Meirhaeghe
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 ‐ RID‐AGE ‐ Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissementLilleFrance
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Tuncer GZ, Çetinkaya Duman Z. Emotional eating experiences of individuals with severe mental disorders: A qualitative study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:2723-2732. [PMID: 35561007 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to understand the emotional eating experiences of individuals with severe mental disorders. DESIGN AND METHODS The study used a descriptive qualitative design. Data were collected from 19 individuals who displayed emotional eating behavior and a severe mental disorder. FINDINGS The main themes of this study are "Triggers," "Emotional Eating Process," and "Feelings after Emotional Eating." Participants stated that negative emotions and certain initiating factors were the triggers of their emotional eating; they also experienced feelings of regret and guilt after emotional eating. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS It was concluded that programs for regulating the eating behaviors of individuals with severe mental disorders should be organized and that psychosocial interventions to prevent emotional eating among these individuals should be integrated into the programs' contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsüm Zekiye Tuncer
- Psychiatric Nursing PhD Program, Dokuz Eylül University The Institute Of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zekiye Çetinkaya Duman
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
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Nutritional behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: the association of fear and sleep quality with emotional eating. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2673-2683. [PMID: 35596840 PMCID: PMC9123620 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Even though it is known that fear and poor sleep quality trigger emotional eating, whether fear and poor sleep quality are associated with emotional eating during the COVID-19 pandemic is not clear. This study aimed to evaluate the association of fear of COVID-19, sleep quality, and some sociodemographic characteristics with emotional eating during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD This cross-sectional descriptive study was completed with 495 participants in Turkey. The participants filled out a questionnaire that asked about sociodemographic characteristics, fear of COVID-19, nutritional behaviors, sleep quality, and self-reported weight and height through email or social media. RESULTS The fear of COVID-19 score (β: 0.090, p < 0.05) and sleep quality score (β: 0.289, p < 0.001) were associated with the emotional eating score at the rate of 0.8% and 8.3%, respectively. The association of fear of COVID-19 with emotional eating disappeared when combined with various factors. The collective association of all factors, fear of COVID-19 (β: 0.042, p > 0.05), sleep quality (β: 0.246, p < 0.001), BMI (β: 0.275, p < 0.001), age (β: - 0.259, p < 0.001) and gender (β: - 0.169, p < 0.001) were associated with the emotional eating score at the rate of 18.3%. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that fear of COVID-19, sleep quality, BMI, age, and gender were associated with emotional eating during the pandemic. We hope that this study will help in the development of guidelines and strategies through understanding the factors associated with nutritional behavior during the pandemic period. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Relationship between Mental Health and Emotional Eating during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193989. [PMID: 36235642 PMCID: PMC9573278 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most dangerous epidemics of the 21st century. In 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic began and caused many deaths among patients with obesity with and without complications. Simultaneously, the lockdown related to the COVID-19 pandemic caused a host of emotional problems including anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. Many people began to cope with their emotions by increasing food (emotional eating) and alcohol consumption and in combination with decreased physical activity, promoted the development of overweight and obesity. Emotional eating, also known as stress eating, is defined as the propensity to eat in response to positive and negative emotions and not physical need. It should be noted that emotional eating may be the first step in the development of binge eating disorder and its extreme subtypes such as food addiction. Interestingly in some post-bariatric surgery patients, an increased frequency of addictive disorders has been observed, for example food addiction replaced by alcohol addiction called: “cross addiction” or “addiction transfer”. This data indicates that obesity should be treated as a psychosomatic disease, in the development of which external factors causing the formation of negative emotions may play a significant role. Currently, one of these factors is the COVID-19 pandemic. This manuscript discusses the relationships between the COVID-19 pandemic and development of emotional eating as well as potential implications of the viral pandemic on the obesity pandemic, and the need to change the approach to the treatment of obesity in the future.
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Rego de Figueiredo I, Carvalho Vasques M, Cunha N, Martins D, Silva-Nunes J. Quality of Life in Obese Patients from a Multidisciplinary Bariatric Consultation: A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing to a Non-Bariatric Population and to the General Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12029. [PMID: 36231331 PMCID: PMC9564586 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease defined by a body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2, which can result in a decrease in quality of life (QoL). Our study aim was to assess the QoL of an obese population of bariatric surgery (BS) candidates, and to compare it to both that of a non-bariatric obese population (C) and that of the general population. This was a cross-sectional study using: (1) the EQ-5D-3L instrument: comparing BS with the C population and with the Portuguese general population; and (2) the Bariatric Quality of Life (BQL) Index: comparing the two groups of obese patients. We included 228 BS and 68 C obese patients. BS patients had higher BMI (44 ± 6 kg/m2 vs. 41 ± 6.5 kg/m2; p < 0.001), higher waist circumference (130 ± 13 cm vs. 123 ± 17 cm; p = 0.03), and higher total body fat mass (49.9 ± 6.7% vs. 45 ± 6.7%; p < 0.001). QoL as evaluated by EQ-5D-3L was similar, but the BQL index showed lower QoL in BS patients (40.9 ± 8.9 vs. 44.2 ± 11.2; p = 0.01). Compared to the Portuguese general population, BS patients had lower QoL (VAS: 55 ± 19 vs. 74.9; p < 0.001; index: 0.33 ± 0.2 vs. 0.76; p < 0.001). Despite higher adiposity in the BS group, QoL was similar between the groups by EQ-5D-3L. Nevertheless, there was a decrease in the QoL for the BS patients as determined using the BQL, a tool with higher sensitivity to bariatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Rego de Figueiredo
- Multidisciplinary Unit for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1069-166 Lisbon, Portugal
- Transplantation Unit, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1069-166 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, New University of Lisbon/Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Carvalho Vasques
- Multidisciplinary Unit for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1069-166 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, New University of Lisbon/Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1069-166 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nelson Cunha
- Multidisciplinary Unit for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1069-166 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1069-166 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Martins
- Multidisciplinary Unit for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1069-166 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, New University of Lisbon/Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1069-166 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Silva-Nunes
- Multidisciplinary Unit for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1069-166 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, New University of Lisbon/Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, 1069-166 Lisbon, Portugal
- Health and Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
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Hadar-Shoval D, Alon-Tirosh M, Asraf K, Tannous-Haddad L, Tzischinsky O. Lifestyle Changes, Emotional Eating, Gender, and Stress during COVID-19 Lockdown. Nutrients 2022; 14:3868. [PMID: 36145243 PMCID: PMC9501635 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional eating poses health risks. It is associated with adverse weight gain and a higher body mass index and is frequently triggered by stressful situations such as pandemics. The COVID-19 pandemic was found to cause stress as well as lifestyle changes of different magnitudes. This study examined the relationship between lifestyle changes and emotional eating by focusing on the moderating effect of gender and COVID-19-related stressors. A total of 1969 respondents completed online questionnaires during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Israel. The questionnaires assessed COVID-19-related lifestyle changes concerning eating habits, alcohol consumption, sleep quality, physical activity, and cigarette smoking, COVID-19-related stressors, and emotional eating (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire). People with positive and negative COVID-19-related lifestyle changes demonstrated higher emotional eating compared to people with no lifestyle changes. The relationship between lifestyle changes and emotional eating was moderated by gender and COVID-19-related stressors. In conclusion, health officials should consider recommendations about lifestyle changes given to the public in times of unpredictable changes, with special attention to populations at risk of emotional eating. As emotional eating is related to poor emotional regulation skills, public nutrition recommendations should focus on improving these skills rather than adopting better diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Hadar-Shoval
- Psychology Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley 1930600, Israel
| | - Michal Alon-Tirosh
- Behavioral Sciences Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley 1930600, Israel
| | - Kfir Asraf
- Psychology Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley 1930600, Israel
| | - Lubna Tannous-Haddad
- Behavioral Sciences Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley 1930600, Israel
| | - Orna Tzischinsky
- Educational Counseling Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley 1930600, Israel
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Associations of somatic depressive symptoms with body mass index, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance in primary care patients with depression. J Behav Med 2022; 45:882-893. [PMID: 36074315 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The somatic depressive symptom cluster (including appetite and sleep disturbances) is more strongly associated with insulin resistance (a diabetes risk marker) than other depressive symptom clusters. Utilizing baseline data from 129 primary care patients with depression but no diabetes in the eIMPACT trial (Mage = 59 years, 78% female, 50% Black), we examined associations of somatic depressive symptoms with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), body mass index (BMI), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). We tested BMI and hsCRP as mediators and race as a moderator of these relationships. Hyperphagia was positively associated HOMA-IR (β = 0.19, p = .048) and BMI (β = 0.30, p < .001); poor appetite was negatively associated with HOMA-IR (β = -0.24, p = .02); hypersomnia was positively associated with HOMA-IR (β = 0.28, p = .003), BMI (β = 0.26, p = .003), and hsCRP (β = 0.23, p = .01); and disturbed sleep was positively associated with hsCRP (β = 0.21, p = .04). BMI partially mediated hyperphagia and hypersomnia's associations with HOMA-IR; hsCRP partially mediated the hypersomnia-HOMA-IR association; and race moderated the hyperphagia-HOMA-IR association (positive for White participants but null for Black participants). People with depression experiencing hyperphagia and/or hypersomnia may be a subgroup with greater insulin resistance; BMI and hsCRP are likely pathways in these relationships. This study highlights the importance of considering the direction of somatic depressive symptoms in the context of cardiometabolic disease risk.
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Bernabéu-Brotóns E, Marchena-Giráldez C. Emotional Eating and Perfectionism as Predictors of Symptoms of Binge Eating Disorder: The Role of Perfectionism as a Mediator between Emotional Eating and Body Mass Index. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163361. [PMID: 36014866 PMCID: PMC9415756 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Perfectionism has been linked to eating disorders and might be a risk factor for the appearance of eating pathologies. The aims of this study are (a) to verify the relationship between perfectionism, emotional eating (EE), binge eating (BE), and body mass index (BMI); (b) to identify the variables that predict BE symptoms and BMI; (c) to study the role of perfectionism as a mediator between EE and BMI. (2) Methods: 312 adult participants answered a cross-sectional survey that included the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ), the Binge Eating Scale (BES), and a sociodemographic questionnaire including BMI. (3) Results: The results suggest a direct correlation between EE, BE, and BMI, showing that EE is a powerful predictor of BE symptoms and BMI. Furthermore, two dimensions of perfectionism have a mediator role between EE and BMI, specifically doubts and actions and concern over mistakes: the presence of these two components of perfectionism reverses the relationship between EE and BMI. (4) Conclusions: These results have significant implications for the understanding of the two different (pathological) eating patterns: intake restriction and overeating and should be considered in intervention programs.
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Su J, Li Q, Mao P, Peng H, Han H, Wiley J, Guo J, Chen JL. Does the Association of Sedentary Time or Fruit/Vegetable Intake with Central Obesity Depend on Menopausal Status among Women? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10083. [PMID: 36011729 PMCID: PMC9407901 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The prevalence of central obesity is growing rapidly among women, and the prevalence differs by menopausal status. Longer sedentary time and less fruit/vegetable (F/V) intake increased the risk of central obesity. Among women of different menopausal statuses, controversy surrounds the association between sedentary time or F/V intake and central obesity. This study aimed to explore whether the independent and joint associations between sedentary time or F/V intake and menopausal status are correlated with central obesity, respectively. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Hunan, China. Self-reported questionnaires were used to gather information on demographic characteristics, menopausal status, sedentary time, and F/V intake. Waist circumference was measured at the study site. Binary logistic regression and multiple interaction models were used to explore the independent and joint associations of menopausal status and the above two lifestyle variables with central obesity. (3) Results: A total of 387 women with a mean age of 47.7 ± 6.6 years old participated in the study. The prevalence of central obesity was 52.8%. Peri- and post-menopause statuses and not taking five servings of F/V per day were risk factors of central obesity (p < 0.05), whereas no significant association was found between sedentary time and central obesity (p > 0.05). Among peri-menopausal (mutual odds ratio (OR): 2.466, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.984−6.182; p < 0.05) and post-menopausal women (mutual OR: 2.274, 95% CI: 1.046−4.943; p < 0.05), more than 4 h of sedentary time per day was associated with a high risk of central obesity. Among pre-menopausal women, the consumption of five servings of F/V per day was associated with a low risk of central obesity (mutual OR: 0.444, 95%CI: 0.236−0.837, p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: More than half of women in the central south of China presented with central obesity, spent >4 h of sedentary time per day, or did not engage in recommended F/V intake. Healthier lifestyle intervention is warranted to prevent central obesity development, including reducing the sedentary time to <4 h per day for peri- and post-menopausal women, while increasing taking five servings of F/V per day for pre-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Department of Nursing, Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Qingting Li
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Ping Mao
- Department of Nursing, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Department of Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Huiwu Han
- Department of Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - James Wiley
- Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jia Guo
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
- Nursing School, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Jyu-Lin Chen
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Walburg F, de Joode JW, Brandt H, van Tulder M, Adriaanse M, van Meijel B. Experiences and perceptions of people with a severe mental illness and health care professionals of a one-year group-based lifestyle programme (SMILE). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271990. [PMID: 35925975 PMCID: PMC9352038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This was to elucidate the experiences and perceptions of people with severe mental illness (SMI) and their health care professionals with the SMILE (Severe Mental Illness Lifestyle Evaluation) group-based lifestyle intervention. SMILE focuses primarily on promoting healthy diet, physical activity and weight loss. METHOD A qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was conducted using purposive sampling. Interviews were conducted with 15 clients and 13 health care professionals (HCPs). Data were analysed according to a thematic analysis. RESULTS Four overall themes were identified: interest in a lifestyle programme; group-based setting; changes in lifestyle behaviour; and preconditions for changing health behaviour. The results showed that clients valued the programme and were interested in the subject of lifestyle. The group-based setting was seen as a positive and important aspect of the intervention. Making lifestyle changes was acknowledged as difficult, especially in combination with the presence of psychiatric symptoms. Clients acquired an improved awareness of different aspects related to lifestyle behaviour. Irrespective of weight loss achieved, clients found their efforts successful with relatively 'small' changes. Some needed more support during the intervention than others. The practical activities in group sessions were regarded as most useful. HCPs were enthusiastic about the programme and their interactions with lifestyle improvements. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study shed light on different aspects that were considered important when delivering a lifestyle intervention to people with SMI. We recommend considering these aspects when implementing a lifestyle intervention in a mental health care setting for clients with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florine Walburg
- Department Health Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Willemina de Joode
- Department Health Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hella Brandt
- Department Health Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurits van Tulder
- Department Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Adriaanse
- Department Health Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berno van Meijel
- Department of Health, Sports & Welfare, Research Group Mental Health Nursing, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC (VUmc), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Parnassia Academy, The Hague, The Netherlands
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80
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Godet A, Fortier A, Bannier E, Coquery N, Val-Laillet D. Interactions between emotions and eating behaviors: Main issues, neuroimaging contributions, and innovative preventive or corrective strategies. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:807-831. [PMID: 34984602 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emotional eating is commonly defined as the tendency to (over)eat in response to emotion. Insofar as it involves the (over)consumption of high-calorie palatable foods, emotional eating is a maladaptive behavior that can lead to eating disorders, and ultimately to metabolic disorders and obesity. Emotional eating is associated with eating disorder subtypes and with abnormalities in emotion processing at a behavioral level. However, not enough is known about the neural pathways involved in both emotion processing and food intake. In this review, we provide an overview of recent neuroimaging studies, highlighting the brain correlates between emotions and eating behavior that may be involved in emotional eating. Interaction between neural and neuro-endocrine pathways (HPA axis) may be involved. In addition to behavioral interventions, there is a need for a holistic approach encompassing both neural and physiological levels to prevent emotional eating. Based on recent imaging, this review indicates that more attention should be paid to prefrontal areas, the insular and orbitofrontal cortices, and reward pathways, in addition to regions that play a major role in both the cognitive control of emotions and eating behavior. Identifying these brain regions could allow for neuromodulation interventions, including neurofeedback training, which deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambre Godet
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, St Gilles, France
| | - Alexandra Fortier
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, St Gilles, France
| | - Elise Bannier
- CRNS, INSERM, IRISA, INRIA, Univ Rennes, Empenn Rennes, France
- Radiology Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Coquery
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, St Gilles, France
| | - David Val-Laillet
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, St Gilles, France.
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Escrivá-Martínez T, Miragall M, Herrero R, Rodríguez-Arias M, Baños RM. Eating behaviors, eating styles and body mass index during COVID-19 confinement in a college sample: a predictive model. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:100. [PMID: 35820922 PMCID: PMC9275146 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 confinement affected lifestyles. There is inconclusive evidence about changes in eating patterns, and there are few studies on the impact on body mass index (BMI), the occurrence of dysfunctional behaviors (binge eating, fat intake), and the predictive role of maladaptive eating styles (emotional, external, and restrained eating). OBJECTIVES (1) To analyze the differences in binge eating, fat intake, BMI, and maladaptive eating styles before and during COVID-19 confinement, and (2) to analyze whether maladaptive eating styles (before confinement) predicted binge eating, fat intake, and BMI during confinement. METHODS The sample consisted of 146 Spanish college students, divided into 104 females (71.2%; age: M = 22.20, SD = 2.97) and 42 males (28.8%; age: M = 24.74; SD = 3.53). All completed several dietary measures and BMI twice: before COVID-19 confinement (T1, November 2019) and during COVID-19 confinement (T2, April 2020). RESULTS BMI and maladaptive eating styles did not change in T2 (vs. T1). However, binge eating and fat intake decreased in T2. Emotional eating at T1 positively predicted BMI and binge eating at T2. External eating at T1 positively (and marginally) predicted fat intake at T2. Restrained eating at T1 positively predicted binge eating at T2, and negatively (and marginally) predicted BMI and fat intake at T2. The model explained 80.5% of the variance in BMI, 41.5% of the variance in binge eating, and 25.8% of the variance in fat intake during COVID-19 confinement. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 confinement had a positive impact on some eating behaviors. Future policies should focus part of their prevention on maladaptive eating styles to curb dysfunctional eating behaviors and BMI problems in times of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Escrivá-Martínez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Miragall
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Rosa M Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Polibienestar, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Associations between Abnormal Eating Styles and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study among Medical School Students. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142828. [PMID: 35889787 PMCID: PMC9319336 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Few studies have investigated the association between eating styles and IBS. This study aimed to explore the association between abnormal eating styles and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated students in China Medical University and Shenyang Medical College. Eating styles were evaluated by the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), and IBS was diagnosed according to Rome III criteria. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). (3) Results: A total of 335 students were diagnosed with IBS. Students with the total scores in tertile 2 and 3 had 1.29 times and 2.75 times higher risk of IBS than students with the total scores in tertile 1, respectively. Simultaneously, the risk of IBS in the tertile 3 of external eating, emotional eating, and restraint eating trends was 3.87 times, 2.71 times, and 3.82 times higher than that of tertile 1, respectively. (4) Conclusions: this study showed that a high score in both total eating styles and each eating style was associated with the odds of having IBS and suggested that the psychological factors behind eating styles may play a critical role in controlling the IBS.
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Mattes RD, Rowe SB, Ohlhorst SD, Brown AW, Hoffman DJ, Liska DJ, Feskens EJM, Dhillon J, Tucker KL, Epstein LH, Neufeld LM, Kelley M, Fukagawa NK, Sunde RA, Zeisel SH, Basile AJ, Borth LE, Jackson E. Valuing the Diversity of Research Methods to Advance Nutrition Science. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1324-1393. [PMID: 35802522 PMCID: PMC9340992 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ASN Board of Directors appointed the Nutrition Research Task Force to develop a report on scientific methods used in nutrition science to advance discovery, interpretation, and application of knowledge in the field. The genesis of this report was growing concern about the tone of discourse among nutrition professionals and the implications of acrimony on the productive study and translation of nutrition science. Too often, honest differences of opinion are cast as conflicts instead of areas of needed collaboration. Recognition of the value (and limitations) of contributions from well-executed nutrition science derived from the various approaches used in the discipline, as well as appreciation of how their layering will yield the strongest evidence base, will provide a basis for greater productivity and impact. Greater collaborative efforts within the field of nutrition science will require an understanding that each method or approach has a place and function that should be valued and used together to create the nutrition evidence base. Precision nutrition was identified as an important emerging nutrition topic by the preponderance of task force members, and this theme was adopted for the report because it lent itself to integration of many approaches in nutrition science. Although the primary audience for this report is nutrition researchers and other nutrition professionals, a secondary aim is to develop a document useful for the various audiences that translate nutrition research, including journalists, clinicians, and policymakers. The intent is to promote accurate, transparent, verifiable evidence-based communication about nutrition science. This will facilitate reasoned interpretation and application of emerging findings and, thereby, improve understanding and trust in nutrition science and appropriate characterization, development, and adoption of recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leonard H Epstein
- University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael Kelley
- Michael Kelley Nutrition Science Consulting, Wauwatosa, WI, USA
| | - Naomi K Fukagawa
- USDA Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | | | - Steven H Zeisel
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Kukuia KKE, Torbi J, Amoateng P, Adutwum-Ofosu KK, Koomson AE, Appiah F, Tagoe TA, Mensah JA, Ameyaw EO, Adi-Dako O, Amponsah SK. Gestational iron supplementation reverses depressive-like behavior in post-partum Sprague Dawley rats: Evidence from behavioral and neurohistological studies. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 12:280-296. [PMID: 35746978 PMCID: PMC9210498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that affects about 9–20% of women after child birth. Reports suggest that gestational iron deficiency can cause a deficit in behavioral, cognitive and affective functions and can precipitate depressive symptoms in mothers during the postpartum period. The present study examined the effect of iron supplementation on depressive behavior during postpartum period in a rat model. Method Female Sprague-Dawley rats were crossed. Pregnant rats received iron, fluoxetine, desferrioxamine or vehicle throughout the period of gestation. During the postpartum period, mothers from all groups were taken through the open field test (OFT), forced swim test (FST), novelty-induced hypophagia (NIH) and sacrificed for histological examination of the brains. Results Results showed that rats treated with iron-chelating agent, desferrioxamine, and vehicle during gestation exhibited increased immobility scores in the FST, increased latency to feed and reduced feeding in the NIH with corresponding decreased number of neurons and dendritic branches in the cortex of the brain. These depression-related effects were attenuated by perinatal iron supplementation which showed decreased immobility scores in the FST comparable to rats treated with fluoxetine, a clinically effective antidepressant. Iron treatment also decreased latency to feeding while increasing feeding behavior in the NIH. Iron-treated dams had a higher number of neurons with dendritic connections in the frontal cortex compared to vehicle- and desferrioxamine-treated groups. Conclusion The results suggest that, iron supplementation during gestation exerts an antidepressant-like effect in postpartum Sprague-Dawley rats, attenuates neuronal loss associated with depression and increases dendritic spine density. Iron supplementation during gestation exerts an antidepressant-like effect in postpartum Sprague-Dawley rats. Iron supplementation during gestation attenuates neuronal loss associated with depression. Iron-treated dams had a higher number of neurons with dendritic connections in the frontal cortex.
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Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric assessment of the Portuguese language version of the Eating and Appraisal due to Emotions and Stress (EADES) Questionnaire in Brazilian adults. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1705-1715. [PMID: 34606080 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSES To develop a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Eating and Appraisal due to Emotions and Stress (EADES) Questionnaire and estimate the psychometric properties of the EADES factorial model for young Brazilian adults and also to assess the association between EADES factors and age, body mass index (BMI), and economic level. METHODS The cross-cultural adaptation was performed using a standardized protocol. The psychometric properties were assessed separately for each sex. A structural model for each sex was developed to investigate the influence of age, economic level, and BMI on the EADES factors. RESULTS A total of 1240 participants completed the study [65.8% female, mean age 23.91 (SD = 5.03) years]. The EADES original factorial model did not present good psychometric properties. Then, a factorial model proposed for a Mexican sample was tested and a different model was fitted for each sex. The results showed that younger women have lower self-efficacy and self-confidence and poorer assessment of resources and coping skills. Women with a higher economic level have lower self-efficacy. Higher BMI was associated with lower self-efficacy and self-confidence in both sexes. Younger men have lower self-efficacy and poorer assessment of resources and coping skills. CONCLUSIONS The Brazilian Portuguese version of the EADES provided valid and reliable data after refinement, and a different model was fitted for each sex. Sex, age, BMI, and economic level were significantly associated with the EADES factors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.
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Carpio-Arias TV, Solís Manzano AM, Sandoval V, Vinueza-Veloz AF, Rodríguez Betancourt A, Betancourt Ortíz SL, Vinueza-Veloz MF. Relationship between perceived stress and emotional eating. A cross sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 49:314-318. [PMID: 35623832 PMCID: PMC9817472 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Stress-related to self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic has shown a strong correlation with issues in the diet and health of the population. In this study, we aimed to relate the perceived stress of a group of Ecuadorian adults with emotional eating. METHODS Cross-sectional design study. We applied validated questionnaires of perceived stress and emotional eating to adults of both sexes who virtually completed a form between the months of January and March 2021. The analyzes were carried out using Chi2 statistical tests, Student's t-tests and a multiple linear regression model., the analyzes were performed using the statistical software R. RESULTS The sample was composed of 2333 participants, the median age was 25 years (interquartile range 21-37 years). Females reported more perceived stress than males (77.91% vs. 22.09%). Nearly 64% of participants who displayed perceived stress were emotional eaters. A statistically significant association was found between the emotional eating score and perceived stress (p < 0.001), the effect was an elevation of 0.44 points in the emotional eating score for each stress point perceived. For each unit increase in BMI the emotional eating score increased 0.26 units (p < 0.001) and for each unit increase in age the emotional eating score decreased by 0.27 units (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that stress is associated to emotional eating. Dietary intake that responds to emotions and not to physiological hunger may have long-term problems related to unhealthy diet. It is recommended to consider stress and emotional eating in the nutritional care process of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannia Valeria Carpio-Arias
- Grupo de Investigación en Alimentación y Nutrición Humana (GIANH), Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, 060101, Ecuador.
| | - Angélica María Solís Manzano
- Grupo de investigación en Nutrición, Dietética, Biotecnología y Análisis de Alimentos (GINDBA), Universidad Estatal de Milagro, 091050, Ecuador.
| | - Verónica Sandoval
- Grupo de investigación en Nutrición, Dietética, Biotecnología y Análisis de Alimentos (GINDBA), Universidad Estatal de Milagro, 091050, Ecuador.
| | | | - Andrés Rodríguez Betancourt
- Antropólogo Forense, Calles Río Upano y Río Marañón, Riobamba-Chimborazo, 060101, Ecuador; Liverpool John Moores University, Ecuador.
| | - Sarita Lucila Betancourt Ortíz
- Centro Politécnico de Investigación de alimentos para el desarrollo CEPIAD, Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, 060101, Ecuador.
| | - María Fernanda Vinueza-Veloz
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Ecuador.
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Salinas-Rehbein B, Schleef J, Neira-Vallejos S, Ortiz MS. Apoyo social y obesidad: el papel de los síntomas depresivos y la alimentación emocional en un modelo estratificado por sexo. Glob Health Promot 2022; 29:17579759221076584. [PMID: 35549769 DOI: 10.1177/17579759221076584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCCIÓN la obesidad es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, cuya prevalencia ha aumentado sostenidamente en Latinoamerica. En Chile, el 75% de la población tiene sobrepeso u obesidad, siendo esta última más prevalente en mujeres (38%) que en hombres (30%). Si bien la percepción de apoyo social ha sido identificada como un factor protector para el desarrollo de la obesidad, el papel de la sintomatología depresiva y la alimentación emocional como mecanismos mediadores ha sido menos estudiado. OBJETIVO determinar si el vínculo entre la percepción de apoyo social y el perímetro de cintura está mediado por la sintomatología depresiva y la alimentación emocional en una muestra de adultos chilenos estratificada por sexo. MÉTODOS trescientos veinticinco (n = 325) adultos chilenos de una región del sur de Chile fueron seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico intencional (55% mujeres, Medad mujeres = 57.21, Medad hombres = 58.34). Se midió el perímetro de cintura como indicador de obesidad y se utilizaron instrumentos de autorreporte para evaluar variables psicológicas, conductuales y sociodemográficas. RESULTADOS la alimentación emocional medió totalmente el vínculo entre sintomatología depresiva y perímetro de cintura tanto en hombres (β = 0.089, p = 0.042), como en mujeres (β = 0.086, p = 0.013). La percepción de apoyo social se vinculó indirecta y negativamente con el perímetro de cintura a través de una secuencia de mediación que incluyó sintomatología depresiva y alimentación emocional solo en mujeres (β = -0.043, p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONES la alimentación emocional es una variable a través de la cual la sintomatología depresiva se vincula con obesidad tanto en hombres como mujeres. Los hallazgos avalan el papel protector de la percepción de apoyo social en obesidad en mujeres, lo que puede orientar el desarrollo de estrategias para disminuir las altas tasas de obesidad en población chilena adulta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Salinas-Rehbein
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Educación, Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Estrés y Salud, Doctorado en Psicología. Facultad de Educación, Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge Schleef
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Educación, Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Estrés y Salud, Doctorado en Psicología. Facultad de Educación, Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sebastián Neira-Vallejos
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Educación, Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Estrés y Salud, Doctorado en Psicología. Facultad de Educación, Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Manuel S Ortiz
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Educación, Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Laboratorio de Estrés y Salud, Doctorado en Psicología. Facultad de Educación, Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Park EJ, Hwang SSH, Lee MS, Bhang SY. Food Addiction and Emotional Eating Behaviors Co-Occurring with Problematic Smartphone Use in Adolescents? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4939. [PMID: 35564334 PMCID: PMC9103653 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Addiction in adolescence is increasing and has a significant impact on physical and mental health. Notably, addictions can be comorbid and affect each other. Despite the recent growing interest in food addiction (FA) and problematic smartphone use (PSU), few studies have investigated their association in adolescents. We investigated the relationship between FA and PSU in adolescents and the effects of eating behaviors. A total of 209 adolescents (44.5% male; mean age = 12.86 ± 0.7 years) participated in the current school-based community study. We found a positive correlation between the dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (dYFAS-C2.0) and the Smartphone Overdependence Scale after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and socioeconomic status. The high-risk PSU group accounted for 17.2% of participants. Furthermore, this group showed 2.3 times higher dYFAS-C2.0 scores than the general group. Emotional overeating and satiety responsiveness were correlated with PSU. A comprehensive evaluation of addiction symptoms is needed for proper intervention, especially in adolescents with symptoms of abnormal eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Goyang 10380, Korea;
- Center for School Mental Health, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea;
| | | | - Mi-Sun Lee
- Center for School Mental Health, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea;
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Bhang
- Center for School Mental Health, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea;
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University Hospital, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul 01830, Korea
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Mental and Body Health: The Association between Psychological Factors, Overweight, and Blood Pressure in Young Adults. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071999. [PMID: 35407607 PMCID: PMC8999355 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Comorbidity between cardiometabolic risk factors and major mental health disorders is a public health concern. The close interconnection between the mental and physical aspects of health precludes considering each condition separately. Accordingly, this study sought to explore the interrelationships between psychological factors, overweight, and blood pressure in young adults. One hundred and forty-five young adults participated in the study and were classified according to two independent characteristics: weight condition (normal weight, overweight) and blood pressure (low blood pressure, high blood pressure). Anxiety, depression, and emotional dysregulation were assessed. The results confirmed certain associations, highlighting how cardiometabolic risk factors, such as blood pressure and body mass index, were associated in different ways with mental health, although an interaction between the variables was not reported. In particular, a relationship between body mass index and depression and between anxiety and blood pressure was detected.
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90
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Potthoff J, Schienle A. Sadness-associated eating styles and visual food cue reactivity: An eye-tracking investigation. Eat Behav 2022; 45:101604. [PMID: 35231797 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional eating has been associated with biases of attention and memory for visual food cues. This eye-tracking study investigated whether the tendency to overeat in response to sadness is associated with the inspection and recall of visual food cues. METHOD Participants (n = 115, mean age = 26 years, 70 females, 45 males) viewed images depicting food and non-food. We compared gaze duration, 'hyperscanning' parameters (fixation duration, saccadic angle, scan path length), and recall performance between different image categories (high-calorie, low-calorie food, non-food) and groups with different sadness-associated eating styles (increased, decreased, unchanged food consumption during states of sadness). RESULTS The group with sadness-related overeating reported a higher body mass index than the other groups, but neither displayed a visual attention bias nor memory bias for food cues. We observed a prolonged gaze duration for low-calorie food cues, which were rated as more appetizing than high-calorie cues. All participants recalled more food cues (low- and high-calorie) than non-food cues independent of gaze duration. CONCLUSION This study expanded previous research designs by groups that decrease vs. increase the amount eaten when feeling sad, and food/non-food images that were carefully matched for visual properties. Based on this approach, we were not able to show that self-disclosed sadness eating is associated with visual/memory biases for food images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Potthoff
- University of Graz, Institute of Psychology, Universitaetsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Anne Schienle
- University of Graz, Institute of Psychology, Universitaetsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Betancourt-Núñez A, Torres-Castillo N, Martínez-López E, De Loera-Rodríguez CO, Durán-Barajas E, Márquez-Sandoval F, Bernal-Orozco MF, Garaulet M, Vizmanos B. Emotional Eating and Dietary Patterns: Reflecting Food Choices in People with and without Abdominal Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071371. [PMID: 35405983 PMCID: PMC9002960 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional eating (EE) is food consumption in response to feelings rather than hunger. EE is related to unhealthy food intake and abdominal obesity (AO). However, little evidence exists about the association between EE and dietary patterns (DPs) and EE−AO interaction related to DPs. DPs allow describing food combinations that people usually eat. We analyzed the association of EE with DPs in adults (≥18 years) with AO (WC ≥ 80/90 cm in women/men, respectively; n = 494; 66.8% women;) or without AO (n = 269; 74.2% women) in a cross-sectional study. Principal component analysis allowed identifying four DPs from 40 food groups (validated with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire). Among the subjects presenting AO, being “emotional/very-emotional eater” (emotional eating questionnaire) was negatively associated with the “Healthy” DP (fruits, vegetables, olive oil, oilseeds, legumes, fish, seafood) (OR:0.53; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.88, p = 0.013) and positively with the “Snacks and fast food” DP (sweet bread, breakfast cereal, corn, potato, desserts, sweets, sugar, fast food) (OR:1.88; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.03, p = 0.010). Emotional eaters with AO have significantly lower fiber intake, folic acid, magnesium, potassium, vitamin B1, and vitamin C, while they had a higher intake of sodium, lipids, mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and saturated fats. In non-AO participants, EE was not associated with any DP (p > 0.05). In conclusion, EE is associated with unhealthy DPs in subjects with AO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Betancourt-Núñez
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (A.B.-N.); (N.T.-C.); (E.M.-L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.F.B.-O.)
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Nathaly Torres-Castillo
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (A.B.-N.); (N.T.-C.); (E.M.-L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.F.B.-O.)
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (A.B.-N.); (N.T.-C.); (E.M.-L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.F.B.-O.)
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - César O. De Loera-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Elvira Durán-Barajas
- Coordinación General de Recursos Humanos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico;
| | - Fabiola Márquez-Sandoval
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (A.B.-N.); (N.T.-C.); (E.M.-L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.F.B.-O.)
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda Bernal-Orozco
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (A.B.-N.); (N.T.-C.); (E.M.-L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.F.B.-O.)
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU, University Clinical Hospital, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (B.V.)
| | - Barbara Vizmanos
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (A.B.-N.); (N.T.-C.); (E.M.-L.); (F.M.-S.); (M.F.B.-O.)
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44280, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (B.V.)
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Kupila SKE, Venäläinen MS, Suojanen LU, Rosengård-Bärlund M, Ahola AJ, Elo LL, Pietiläinen KH. Weight Loss Trajectories in Healthy Weight Coaching: Cohort Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e26374. [PMID: 35262494 PMCID: PMC8943569 DOI: 10.2196/26374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As global obesity prevalence continues to increase, there is a need for accessible and affordable weight management interventions, such as web-based programs. Objective This paper aims to assess the outcomes of healthy weight coaching (HWC), a web-based obesity management program integrated into standard Finnish clinical care. Methods HWC is an ongoing, structured digital 12-month program based on acceptance and commitment therapy. It includes weekly training sessions focused on lifestyle, general health, and psychological factors. Participants received remote one-on-one support from a personal coach. In this real-life, single-arm, prospective cohort study, we examined the total weight loss, weight loss profiles, and variables associated with weight loss success and program retention in 1189 adults (963 women) with a BMI >25 kg/m² among participants of the program between October 2016 and March 2019. Absolute (kg) and relative (%) weight loss from the baseline were the primary outcomes. We also examined the weight loss profiles, clustered based on the dynamic time-warping distance, and the possible variables associated with greater weight loss success and program retention. We compared different groups using the Mann-Whitney test or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and the chi-squared test for categorical variables. We analyzed changes in medication using the McNemar test. Results Among those having reached the 12-month time point (n=173), the mean weight loss was 4.6% (SE 0.5%), with 43% (n=75) achieving clinically relevant weight loss (≥5%). Baseline BMI ≥40 kg/m² was associated with a greater weight loss than a lower BMI (mean 6.6%, SE 0.9%, vs mean 3.2%, SE 0.6%; P=.02). In addition, more frequent weight reporting was associated with greater weight loss. No significant differences in weight loss were observed according to sex, age, baseline disease, or medication use. The total dropout rate was 29.1%. Dropouts were slightly younger than continuers (47.2, SE 0.6 years vs 49.2, SE 0.4 years; P=.01) and reported their weight less frequently (3.0, SE 0.1 entries per month vs 3.3, SE 0.1 entries per month; P<.001). Conclusions A comprehensive web-based program such as HWC is a potential addition to the repertoire of obesity management in a clinical setting. Heavier patients lost more weight, but weight loss success was otherwise independent of baseline characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakris K E Kupila
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko S Venäläinen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura-Unnukka Suojanen
- Abdominal Center, Obesity Center, Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Rosengård-Bärlund
- Abdominal Center, Obesity Center, Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila J Ahola
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Obesity Center, Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Obesity Center, Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Du C, Adjepong M, Zan MCH, Cho MJ, Fenton JI, Hsiao PY, Keaver L, Lee H, Ludy MJ, Shen W, Swee WCS, Thrivikraman J, Amoah-Agyei F, de Kanter E, Wang W, Tucker RM. Gender Differences in the Relationships between Perceived Stress, Eating Behaviors, Sleep, Dietary Risk, and Body Mass Index. Nutrients 2022; 14:1045. [PMID: 35268020 PMCID: PMC8912409 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing epidemic among university students, and the high levels of stress reported by this population could contribute to this issue. Singular relationships between perceived stress; engagement in restrained, uncontrolled, and emotional eating; sleep; dietary risk; and body mass index (BMI) have been reported in the current body of literature; however, these constructs interact with each other, and the complex relationships among them are infrequently examined. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the complex relationships between these constructs using mediation and moderation analyses stratified by gender. METHODS A cross-sectional study, enrolling university students from the United States (U.S.), the Netherlands, South Korea, Malaysia, Ireland, Ghana, and China, was conducted between October 2020 and January 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perceived stress; maladaptive eating behaviors including restrained, uncontrolled, and emotional eating; sleep duration and quality; dietary risk; and BMI were assessed using validated questionnaires, which were distributed through an online platform. RESULTS A total of 1392 students completed the online survey (379 male, 973 female, and 40 who self-identified as "other"). Uncontrolled and emotional eating mediated the relationship between perceived stress and dietary risk for both males and females; higher sleep quality weakened this relationship among female students but not males. Emotional eating mediated the relationship between perceived stress and BMI for both males and females, but higher sleep quality weakened this relationship only among females. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that students in higher education are likely to benefit from interventions to reduce uncontrolled and emotional eating. Programs that improve sleep quality, especially during highly stressful periods, may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Du
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (W.W.)
| | - Mary Adjepong
- Department of Biochemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (M.A.); (F.A.-A.)
| | - Megan Chong Hueh Zan
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.C.H.Z.); (W.C.S.S.)
| | - Min Jung Cho
- Global Public Health, Leiden University College, 2595 DG The Hague, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.); (J.T.); (E.d.K.)
| | - Jenifer I. Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (W.W.)
| | - Pao Ying Hsiao
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705, USA;
| | - Laura Keaver
- Department of Health and Nutritional Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
| | - Heesoon Lee
- Department of Human Services, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA;
| | - Mary-Jon Ludy
- Department of Public and Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA; (M.-J.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Wan Shen
- Department of Public and Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA; (M.-J.L.); (W.S.)
| | - Winnie Chee Siew Swee
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.C.H.Z.); (W.C.S.S.)
| | - Jyothi Thrivikraman
- Global Public Health, Leiden University College, 2595 DG The Hague, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.); (J.T.); (E.d.K.)
| | - Felicity Amoah-Agyei
- Department of Biochemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana; (M.A.); (F.A.-A.)
| | - Emilie de Kanter
- Global Public Health, Leiden University College, 2595 DG The Hague, The Netherlands; (M.J.C.); (J.T.); (E.d.K.)
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (W.W.)
| | - Robin M. Tucker
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (C.D.); (J.I.F.); (W.W.)
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94
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Mueller J, Richards R, Jones RA, Whittle F, Woolston J, Stubbings M, Sharp SJ, Griffin SJ, Bostock J, Hughes CA, Hill AJ, Ahern AL. Supporting Weight Management during COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Web-Based, ACT-Based, Guided Self-Help Intervention. Obes Facts 2022; 15:550-559. [PMID: 35417910 PMCID: PMC9421710 DOI: 10.1159/000524031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adults with overweight and obesity are vulnerable to weight gain and mental health deterioration during the COVID-19 pandemic. We developed a web-based, guided self-help intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) that aims to support adults with overweight and obesity to prevent weight gain by helping them to manage their eating behaviours, be more physically active, and protect their emotional wellbeing ("SWiM-C"). SWiM-C is a guided self-help programme using non-specialist guides to enhance scalability and population reach while minimizing cost. This study evaluated the effect of SWiM-C on bodyweight, eating behaviour, physical activity, and mental wellbeing in adults with overweight and obesity over 4 months during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. METHODS We randomized adults (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) to SWiM-C or to a wait-list standard advice group. Participants completed outcome assessments online at baseline and 4 months. The primary outcome was self-measured weight; secondary outcomes were eating behaviour, physical activity, experiential avoidance/psychological flexibility, depression, anxiety, stress, and wellbeing. We estimated differences between study groups in change in outcomes from baseline to 4 months using linear regression, adjusted for outcome at baseline and the randomization stratifiers (BMI, sex). The trial was pre-registered (ISRCTN12107048). RESULTS 486 participants were assessed for eligibility; 388 participants were randomized (196 standard advice, 192 SWiM-C), and 324 were analysed. The adjusted difference in weight between SWiM-C and standard advice was -0.60 kg (-1.67 to 0.47, p = 0.27). SWiM-C led to improvements in uncontrolled eating (-3.61 [-5.94 to -1.28]), cognitive restraint (5.28 [2.81-7.75]), experiential avoidance (-3.39 [-5.55 to -1.23]), and wellbeing (0.13 [0.07-0.18]). CONCLUSIONS SWiM-C improved several psychological determinants of successful weight management and had a protective effect on wellbeing during the pandemic. However, differences in weight and some other outcomes were compatible with no effect of the intervention, suggesting further refinement of the intervention is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mueller
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Julia Mueller,
| | - Rebecca Richards
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca A. Jones
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Whittle
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Woolston
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Stubbings
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Griffin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Bostock
- Patient and Public Involvement Representative, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carly A. Hughes
- Fakenham Medical Practice, Fakenham, United Kingdom
- Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Hill
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Amy L. Ahern
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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95
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Ames GE, Koball AM, Clark MM. Behavioral Interventions to Attenuate Driven Overeating and Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:934680. [PMID: 35923629 PMCID: PMC9339601 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.934680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight regain after bariatric surgery is associated with problematic eating behaviors that have either recurred after a period of improvement or are new-onset behaviors. Problematic eating behaviors after bariatric surgery have been conceptualized in different ways in the literature, such as having a food addiction and experiencing a loss of control of eating. The intersection of these constructs appears to be driven overeating defined as patients' experiences of reduced control of their eating which results in overeating behavior. The purpose of this review is to define patient experiences of driven overeating through the behavioral expression of emotion-based eating, reward-based eating, and executive functioning deficits-namely impulsivity-which is associated with weight regain after having bariatric surgery. Delineating concepts in this way and determining treatment strategies accordingly may reduce distress related to the inevitable return of increased hunger, cravings, portion sizes, and tolerance for highly palatable foods after surgery. Along with standard behavioral weight maintenance strategies, topics including acceptance, motivation, emotion-based eating, reward-based/impulsive eating, physical activity, and self-compassion are discussed. These concepts have been adapted for patients experiencing weight regain after having bariatric surgery and may be particularly helpful in attenuating driven overeating and weight regain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen E. Ames
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Gretchen E. Ames,
| | - Afton M. Koball
- Department of Behavioral Health, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, WI, United States
| | - Matthew M. Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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96
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Comparison of Food-Based and Music-Based Regulatory Strategies for (Un)Healthy Eating, Depression, Anxiety and Stress. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010187. [PMID: 35011062 PMCID: PMC8746849 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many ways to regulate emotions. People use both adaptive (e.g., regulation by music) and maladaptive (e.g., regulation by food) strategies to do this. We hypothesized that participants with a high level of food-based regulatory strategies and a low level of music-based regulatory strategies (a group with the least adaptive form of emotion regulation) would have significantly greater levels of unhealthy eating behaviours, depression, anxiety and stress, as well as a significantly lower level of healthy eating behaviours than those with a low level of food-based regulatory strategies and a high level of music-based regulatory strategies (a group with the greatest adaptive form of emotion regulation). Participants (N = 410; Mage = 31.77, SD = 13.53) completed: the Brief Music in Mood Regulation Scale, the Emotional Overeating Questionnaire, the Healthy and Unhealthy Eating Behavior Scale, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and a socio-demographic survey. The four clusters were identified: (a) Cluster 1 (N = 148): low food-based regulatory strategies and high music-based regulatory strategies; (b) Cluster 2 (N = 42): high food-based regulatory strategies and high music-based regulatory strategies; (c) Cluster 3 (N = 70): high food-based regulatory strategies and low music-based regulatory strategies; (d) Cluster 4 (N = 150): low food-based regulatory strategies and low music-based regulatory strategies. Overall, our outcomes partially support our hypothesis, as higher levels of unhealthy eating behaviours, depression, anxiety and stress were observed in participants with high food-based and low music-based regulatory strategies as compared with adults with low food-based and high music-based regulatory strategies. To sum up, the results obtained indicate that during the COVID-19 pandemic the group of people regulating their emotional state and unhealthy eating predominantly with food is potentially characterized by worse functioning than the group of people regulating with music. Therefore, it can be concluded that people who regulate their functioning using food should be included in preventive measures by specialists. During the visit, psychologists and primary care physicians can ask patients about their daily strategies and based on this information specialists can estimate the potential risk of developing high levels of stress and anxiety, depressive disorders and unhealthy eating habits and provide specific (match) intervention.
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97
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Negative Affect and Maladaptive Eating Behavior as a Regulation Strategy in Normal-Weight Individuals: A Narrative Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132413704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Emotions have a powerful influence on eating behavior, and eating behavior can have a powerful effect on emotions. The objective of the present narrative review was to evaluate the relationship between negative affect and maladaptive eating behavior as a regulation strategy in normal-weight individuals. A search of the literature within PubMed®, MEDLINE® and PsycINFO was conducted using a combination of the following terms: “affect”, “negative affect”, “affect regulation” and “maladaptive eating behavior”. A total of 106 papers were identified for full text review and were included in the final set of literature. The manuscript presents an overview of the literature on negative affect and maladaptive eating behavior. It offers a brief overview of restrained, uncontrolled and emotional eating in normal-weight individuals and looks at maladaptive eating behavior used to regulate their affect. Based on the previous research findings, we argue that using more adaptive strategies for emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal) might result in downregulating integral negative affect to food and in improving eating behavior.
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98
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Physical Activity, Stress, Depression, Emotional Intelligence, Logical Thinking, and Overall Health in a Large Lithuanian from October 2019 to June 2020: Age and Gender Differences Adult Sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312809. [PMID: 34886535 PMCID: PMC8657422 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine relationships and group differences among adult people’s (aged 18–74) physical activity (PA), expression of stress, depression, emotional intelligence (EI), logical thinking (LT), and overall health assessment. Two hypotheses were formulated before the study. The first hypothesis is that overweight and obesity in young adults (18 to 34 years) females and males, in particular, should increase sharply and this should be associated with decreased PA, abruptly deteriorating subject health, increased stress, depression, and poorer emotion management and EI. Second hypothesis: We further thought that the better people’s reflective thinking, the more they should live a healthier life (e.g., exercise more and eat healthier), their overweight and obesity should be small or none. We aimed to confirm or reject these two hypotheses. We applied a quantitative cross-sectional study design. The study results revealed that during the lifespan of 18–24 and 25–34 years (young adults) there was a sharp increase in overweight and obesity, a decrease in PA (and especially vigorous physical activity (VPA)) (and this was particularly evident in the male), while research participants felt less stress and depression, subjective assessment of health did not change, and EI increased steadily with age (18–24 to 65–74 years). The higher the EI of the research participants from 18–24 to 65–74 years of age the higher their moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), the less stress and depression they felt. Based on the results, it can be said that both females and males prefer PA “with a hot heart rather than a cold mind.” We base this conclusion on the fact that females and males who have the highest EI also have the highest MVPA while LT is not associated with MVPA.
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99
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Gökmen BD, Yılmaz G. Evaluation of Psychological Well-Being Among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study of Correlation Between Food Addiction and Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2021; 31:379-385. [PMID: 38765647 PMCID: PMC11079684 DOI: 10.5152/pcp.2021.21225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to examine the relationship between psychological well-being, food addiction, and cognitive behavioral physical activity among adolescents. Methods This descriptive study was conducted in a province in the east of Turkey with 936 adolescents using the "Psychological Well-Being Scale," the "Yale Food Addiction Scale," and the "Cognitive Behavioral Physical Activity Scale." Results In this study, the total score of adolescents from Psychological Well-Being Scale shows that their psychological well-being is below the average score. It was found that 29.4% of adolescents have a food addiction, and their attitudes and behaviors related to food addiction and participation in physical activity were moderate. It has been determined adolescents are aware of the benefits they can obtain as a result of their participation in physical activities. Also, it was found that there was a negatively significant relationship between psychological well-being and food addiction among adolescents. Conclusion Psychological well-being is a protective factor for food addiction. It was determined that food addiction increased as psychological well-being decreased among adolescents. It is believed that with an increase in the psychological well-being levels, the incidence of problems related to food addiction will decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Demir Gökmen
- Department of Nursing, Agri İbrahim Çeçen University School of Health, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yılmaz
- Department of Nursing, Agri İbrahim Çeçen University School of Health, Ağrı, Turkey
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100
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Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Szczepankiewicz A, Rybakowski J, Kapelski P, Bilska K, Skibinska M, Reszka E, Lesicka M, Jablonska E, Wieczorek E, Bukowska-Olech E, Pawlak J. Transcriptomic profiling as biological markers of depression - A pilot study in unipolar and bipolar women. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:744-756. [PMID: 33821765 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1907715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A significant challenge in psychiatry is the differential diagnosis of depressive episodes in the course of mood disorders. Gene expression profiling may provide an opportunity for such distinguishment. METHODS We studied differentially expressed genes in women with a depressive episode in the course of unipolar depression (UD) (n = 24) and bipolar disorder types I (BDI) (n = 13) and II (BDII) (n = 19), and healthy controls (n = 15). RESULTS Different types of depression varied in the number and type of up or down-regulated genes. The pathway analysis showed: in UD, up-regulated rheumatoid arthritis pathway (including ITGB2, CXCL8, TEK, TLR4 genes), and down-regulated taste transduction pathway (TAS2R10, TAS2R46, TAS2R14, TAS2R43, TAS2R45, TAS2R19, TAS2R13, TAS2R20, GNG13); in BDI, eight down-regulated pathways: glutamatergic synapse, retrograde endocannabinoid signalling, axon guidance, calcium signalling, nicotine addiction, PI3K-Akt signalling, drug metabolism - cytochrome P450, and morphine addiction; in BDII, up-regulated osteoclast differentiation and Notch signalling pathway, and down-regulated type I diabetes mellitus pathway. Distinct expression markers analysis uncovered the unique for UD, up-regulated bladder cancer pathway (HBEGF and CXCL8 genes). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study suggests a probability of differentiating depression in the course of UD, BDI, and II, based on transcriptomic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Janusz Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Kapelski
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Bilska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Skibinska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Lesicka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Jablonska
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Edyta Wieczorek
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Pawlak
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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