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Neubauer J, Kaiser A, Hohmann S. [Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Overview of Correlations and Potential Implications for Therapeutic Interventions]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER- UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2023; 52:151-165. [PMID: 38098430 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Overview of Correlations and Potential Implications for Therapeutic Interventions Abstract: At the beginning of research on microbiota, researchers focused mainly on the role of microbiota dysbiosis in the development of gastrointestinal diseases. However, over the last years, researchers have also identified correlations with other physical processes and neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism spectrum disorder. These correlations are believed to be at least partly mediated through the brain-gut-microbiome axis. An altered composition of microbiota in patients with autism spectrum disorder was detected compared to healthy controls. Today, the discussion centers around a possible systemic impact of the metabolites of some microbiota or microbiota-induced chronic inflammatory processes on the brain (mediated through the brain-gut-microbiome axis) as an underlying mechanism. Still, the specific underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown, so conclusions on therapeutic implications are difficult to determine. Here, we describe some promising approaches to improving autistic behavior through dietary changes, the use of prebiotics and probiotics, stool transplantation from healthy controls, and restricted absorbance of certain metabolites. We need further clinical studies of high quality to fully understand the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder and to improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Neubauer
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, -psychiotherapie und -psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Anna Kaiser
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, -psychiotherapie und -psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, -psychiotherapie und -psychosomatik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
- AG Neurophysiologie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland
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Montoya-Ciriaco N, Hereira-Pacheco S, Estrada-Torres A, Dendooven L, Méndez de la Cruz FR, Gómez-Acata ES, Díaz de la Vega-Pérez AH, Navarro-Noya YE. Maternal transmission of bacterial microbiota during embryonic development in a viviparous lizard. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0178023. [PMID: 37847033 PMCID: PMC10714757 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01780-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE We investigated the presence and diversity of bacteria in the embryos of the viviparous lizard Sceloporus grammicus and their amniotic environment. We compared this diversity to that found in the maternal intestine, mouth, and cloaca. We detected bacterial DNA in the embryos, albeit with a lower bacterial species diversity than found in maternal tissues. Most of the bacterial species detected in the embryos were also found in the mother, although not all of them. Interestingly, we detected a high similarity in the composition of bacterial species among embryos from different mothers. These findings suggest that there may be a mechanism controlling the transmission of bacteria from the mother to the embryo. Our results highlight the possibility that the interaction between maternal bacteria and the embryo may affect the development of the lizards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Montoya-Ciriaco
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Stephanie Hereira-Pacheco
- Estación Científica La Malinche, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Arturo Estrada-Torres
- Estación Científica La Malinche, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Luc Dendooven
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fausto R. Méndez de la Cruz
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Selene Gómez-Acata
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Aníbal H. Díaz de la Vega-Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Humanidades y Tecnología-Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala., Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Yendi E. Navarro-Noya
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Bióticas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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53
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Kadogami D, Kimura F, Hanada T, Tsuji S, Nakaoka Y, Murakami T, Morimoto Y. Impact of Lactobacillus in the uterine microbiota on in vitro fertilization outcomes. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 160:104138. [PMID: 37717556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Abundant intrauterine Lactobacillus is associated with good in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes; however, whether specific species of Lactobacillus have any benefit remains unclear. So we examine the effect of Lactobacillus on the clinical outcomes of IVF at the species level. Uterine microbiota were classified as either Lactobacillus-dominant (LD) or non-Lactobacillus-dominant. In the LD group, we further investigated the clinical results for each Lactobacillus species and evaluated them in relation to IVF outcomes. In Uterine microbiome analysis, Lactobacillus was the most abundant, with the four species of L. crispatus, L. iners, L. gasseri, and L. jensenii accounting for the great majority. We compared the clinical outcomes of single frozen-thawed embryo transfer conducted by Lactobacillus species and found that the implantation rate was lowest in those in whom L. iners was dominant. This study is the first to conduct a species-level analysis of the uterine microbiota and report on a detailed investigation of Lactobacillus, which was believed to be particularly helpful for pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kadogami
- IVF Namba Clinic, 1-17-28 Minamihorie, Nishi-ku, Osaka 550-0015, Japan.
| | - Fuminori Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hanada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shunichiro Tsuji
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Nakaoka
- IVF Namba Clinic, 1-17-28 Minamihorie, Nishi-ku, Osaka 550-0015, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Morimoto
- HORAC Grand Front Osaka Clinic, 15th Floor, Grand Front Osaka Tower B, 3-1 Ofuka-cho, Kita-ku, 530-0011 Osaka, Japan
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Morańska K, Englert-Golon M, Durda-Masny M, Sajdak S, Grabowska M, Szwed A. Why Does Your Uterus Become Malignant? The Impact of the Microbiome on Endometrial Carcinogenesis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2269. [PMID: 38137870 PMCID: PMC10744771 DOI: 10.3390/life13122269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to describe the uterine microbiome composition that has been analyzed so far and describe potential pathways in the carcinogenesis of the endometrium. The microbiome in the uterine environment is involved in apoptosis and proliferation during the menstruation cycle, pregnancy maintenance, and immune system support. However, bacteria in the uterus could stimulate inflammation, which when chronic results in malignancy. An altered gut microbiota initiates an inflammatory response through microorganism-associated molecular patterns, which leads to intensified steroidogenesis in the ovaries and cancers. Moreover, intestinal bacteria secreting the enzyme β-glucuronidase may increase the level of circulating estrogen and, as a result, be influential in gynecological cancers. Both the uterine and the gut microbiota play a pivotal role in immune modulation, which is why there is a demand for further investigation from both the diagnostic and the therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Morańska
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland (A.S.)
| | - Monika Englert-Golon
- Department of Gynaecology Obstetrics and Gynaecological Oncology, Division of Gynecological Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Durda-Masny
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland (A.S.)
| | - Stefan Sajdak
- Department of Gynaecology Obstetrics and Gynaecological Oncology, Division of Gynecological Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marlena Grabowska
- Department of Gynaecology Obstetrics and Gynaecological Oncology, Division of Gynecological Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anita Szwed
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, Poland (A.S.)
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Pavia G, Marascio N, Matera G, Quirino A. Does the Human Gut Virome Contribute to Host Health or Disease? Viruses 2023; 15:2271. [PMID: 38005947 PMCID: PMC10674713 DOI: 10.3390/v15112271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses and their genomes, metabolites, and proteins, collectively known as the "gut virome". This complex community of viruses colonizing the enteric mucosa is pivotal in regulating host immunity. The mechanisms involved in cross communication between mucosal immunity and the gut virome, as well as their relationship in health and disease, remain largely unknown. Herein, we review the literature on the human gut virome's composition and evolution and the interplay between the gut virome and enteric mucosal immunity and their molecular mechanisms. Our review suggests that future research efforts should focus on unraveling the mechanisms of gut viruses in human homeostasis and pathophysiology and on developing virus-prompted precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Marascio
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, “Magna Græcia” University Hospital of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Beretta S, Apparicio M, Toniollo GH, Cardozo MV. The importance of the intestinal microbiota in humans and dogs in the neonatal period. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230082. [PMID: 38026003 PMCID: PMC10681130 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The neonatal period represents a critical stage for the establishment and development of the gut microbiota, which profoundly influences the future health trajectory of individuals. This review examines the importance of intestinal microbiota in humans and dogs, aiming to elucidate the distinct characteristics and variations in the composition between these two species. In humans, the intestinal microbiota contributes to several crucial physiological processes, including digestion, nutrient absorption, immune system development, and modulation of host metabolism. Dysbiosis, an imbalance or disruption of the gut microbial community, has been linked to various disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and even neurological conditions. Furthermore, recent research has unveiled the profound influence of the gut-brain axis, emphasizing the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, impacting cognitive function and mental health. Similarly, alterations in the canine intestinal microbiota have been associated with gastrointestinal disorders, including chronic enteropathy, such as inflammatory bowel disease, food allergies, and ulcerative histiocytic colitis. However, our understanding of the intricacies and functional significance of the intestinal microbiota in dogs remains limited. Understanding the complex dynamics of the intestinal microbiota in both humans and dogs is crucial for devising effective strategies to promote health and manage disease. Moreover, exploring the similarities and differences in the gut microbial composition between these two species can facilitate translational research, potentially leading to innovative therapeutic interventions and strategies to enhance the well-being of both humans and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara Beretta
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Maricy Apparicio
- Departamento de Cirurgia Veterinária e Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Gilson Hélio Toniollo
- Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Marita Vedovelli Cardozo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia de Microorganismos, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Saúde, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Passos, MG, Brasil
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Gomes N, Ferreira-Sa L, Alves N, Dallago B, Moraes A, Carvalho JL, Nitz N, Hagström L, Braz S, Machado ER, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Hecht M. Uncovering the effects of Giardia duodenalis on the balance of DNA viruses and bacteria in children's gut microbiota. Acta Trop 2023; 247:107018. [PMID: 37673134 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The neglected parasitosis giardiasis is one of the most common intestinal infections worldwide, affecting mainly infants and young children. Giardia duodenalis may disturb the local microbiome, leading to intestinal ecosystem disorders, and altering different processes in the host, such as the immune response. Nevertheless, the alterations promoted by G. duodenalis on the human gut microbiome have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we characterized the gut microbiota of G. duodenalis-infected children and determine the main alterations promoted by the parasite. To do so, fecal samples of 26 infected and four uninfected children aged 2 to 6 years old were processed for High Efficiency Microarray analysis, in order to describe their bacterial and viral profiles. Then, we quantified the total bacterial population by qPCR and assessed fecal calprotectin levels, which are closely related with gut inflammation. A total of 286 bacteria's species and 17 viruses' strains were identified. Our results revealed no statistically significant differences between G. duodenalis positive and negative groups in the taxa's phyla and families. However, bacterial species diversity was increased in children infected with G. duodenalis (p < 0.05), while the total number of bacteria was decreased (p < 0.05). Considering the virome analysis, 17 different strains were identified, 88% being bacteriophages. The correlation analysis revealed an important disruption in the balance of DNA virus and bacteria within the intestinal microbiota of Giardia-positive children. Our findings constitute the first description of the gut virome of Giardia-infected children and suggest that G. duodenalis infection exerts a modulatory effect on the gut microbiome, promoting local inflammation and altering the equilibrium of the parasite-microbiota-host triad. This highlights the importance of considering polymicrobial associations and understanding the broader context of giardiasis. Overall, our study provides new insights into the complex interactions between intestinal parasites and the microbiota, which may have implications for the development of novel therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nélio Gomes
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Lana Ferreira-Sa
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology and Vector Biology Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nayra Alves
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dallago
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Aline Moraes
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lott Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Nadjar Nitz
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luciana Hagström
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Shélida Braz
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Eleuza Rodrigues Machado
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology and Vector Biology Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology and Vector Biology Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mariana Hecht
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
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Zhang JY, Greenwald MJ, Rodriguez SH. Gut Microbiome and Retinopathy of Prematurity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1683-1690. [PMID: 36780985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide, is strongly associated with gestational age and weight at birth. Yet, many extremely preterm infants never develop ROP or develop only mild ROP with spontaneous regression. In addition, a myriad of other factors play a role in the retinal pathology, one of which may include the early gut microbiome. The complications associated with early gestational age include dysbiosis of the dynamic neonatal gut microbiome, as evidenced by the development of often concomitant conditions, such as necrotizing enterocolitis. Given this, alongside growing evidence for a gut-retina axis, there is an increasing interest in how the early intestinal environment may play a role in the pathophysiology of ROP. Potential mechanisms include dysregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1. Furthermore, the gut microbiome may be impacted by other known risk factors for ROP, such as intermittent hypoxia and sepsis treated with antibiotics. This mini-review summarizes the literature supporting these proposed avenues, establishing a foundation to guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y Zhang
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark J Greenwald
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sarah H Rodriguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Splichalova A, Kindlova Z, Killer J, Neuzil Bunesova V, Vlkova E, Valaskova B, Pechar R, Polakova K, Splichal I. Commensal Bacteria Impact on Intestinal Toll-like Receptor Signaling in Salmonella-Challenged Gnotobiotic Piglets. Pathogens 2023; 12:1293. [PMID: 38003758 PMCID: PMC10675043 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gnotobiotic (GN) animals with simple and defined microbiota can help to elucidate host-pathogen interferences. Hysterectomy-derived germ-free (GF) minipigs were associated at 4 and 24 h post-hysterectomy with porcine commensal mucinolytic Bifidobacterium boum RP36 (RP36) strain or non-mucinolytic strain RP37 (RP37) or at 4 h post-hysterectomy with Lactobacillus amylovorus (LA). One-week-old GN minipigs were infected with Salmonella Typhimurium LT2 strain (LT2). We monitored histological changes in the ileum, mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 4, and 9 and their related molecules lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), coreceptors MD-2 and CD14, adaptor proteins MyD88 and TRIF, and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in the ileum and colon. LT2 significantly induced expression of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, LBP, MD-2, and CD14 in the ileum and TLR4, MyD88, TRIF, LBP, and CD14 in the colon. The LT2 infection also significantly increased plasmatic levels of inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12/23p40. The previous colonization with RP37 alleviated damage of the ileum caused by the Salmonella infection, and RP37 and LA downregulated plasmatic levels of IL-6. A defined oligo-microbiota composed of bacterial species with selected properties should probably be more effective in downregulating inflammatory response than single bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Splichalova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (Z.K.); (B.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Zdislava Kindlova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (Z.K.); (B.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Jiri Killer
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (V.N.B.); (E.V.); (R.P.)
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Neuzil Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (V.N.B.); (E.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Eva Vlkova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (V.N.B.); (E.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Barbora Valaskova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (Z.K.); (B.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Radko Pechar
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.K.); (V.N.B.); (E.V.); (R.P.)
- Department of Research, Food Research Institute Prague, 102 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Polakova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (Z.K.); (B.V.); (K.P.)
| | - Igor Splichal
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (Z.K.); (B.V.); (K.P.)
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Yu J, Jiang C, Yamano R, Koike S, Sakai Y, Mino S, Sawabe T. Unveiling the early life core microbiome of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and the unexpected abundance of the growth-promoting Sulfitobacter. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:54. [PMID: 37876012 PMCID: PMC10599069 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome in early life has long-term effects on the host's immunological and physiological development and its disturbance is known to trigger various diseases in host Deuterostome animals. The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is one of the most valuable marine Deuterostome invertebrates in Asia and a model animal in regeneration studies. To understand factors that impact on host development and holobiont maintenance, host-microbiome association has been actively studied in the last decade. However, we currently lack knowledge of early life core microbiome during its ontogenesis and how it benefits the host's growth. RESULTS We analyzed the microbial community in 28 sea cucumber samples from a laboratory breeding system, designed to replicate aquaculture environments, across six developmental stages (fertilized eggs to the juvenile stage) over a three years-period to examine the microbiomes' dynamics and stability. Microbiome shifts occurred during sea cucumber larval ontogenesis in every case. Application of the most sophisticated core microbiome extraction methodology, a hybrid approach with abundance-occupancy core microbiome analyses (top 75% of total reads and > 70% occupation) and core index calculation, first revealed early life core microbiome consisted of Alteromonadaceae and Rhodobacteraceae, as well as a stage core microbiome consisting of pioneer core microbe Pseudoalteromonadaceae in A. japonicus, suggesting a stepwise establishment of microbiome related to ontogenesis and feeding behavior in A. japonicus. More interestingly, four ASVs affiliated to Alteromonadaceae and Rhodobacteraceae were extracted as early life core microbiome. One of the ASV (ASV0007) was affiliated to the Sulfitobactor strain BL28 (Rhodobacteraceae), isolated from blastula larvae in the 2019 raring batch. Unexpectedly, a bioassay revealed the BL28 strain retains a host growth-promoting ability. Further meta-pangenomics approach revealed the BL28 genome reads were abundant in the metagenomic sequence pool, in particular, in that of post-gut development in early life stages of A. japonicus. CONCLUSION Repeated rearing efforts of A. japonicus using laboratory aquaculture replicating aquaculture environments and hybrid core microbiome extraction approach first revealed particular ASVs affiliated to Alteromonadaceae and Rhodobacteraceae as the A. japonicus early life core microbiome. Further bioassay revealed the growth promoting ability to the host sea cucumber in one of the core microbes, the Sulfitobactor strain BL28 identified as ASV0007. Genome reads of the BL28 were abundant in post-gut development of A. japonicus, which makes us consider effective probiotic uses of those core microbiome for sea cucumber resource production and conservation. The study also emphasizes the importance of the core microbiome in influencing early life stages in marine invertebrates. Understanding these dynamics could offer pathways to improve growth, immunity, and disease resistance in marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanwen Yu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan.
| | - Chunqi Jiang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryota Yamano
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Shotaro Koike
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sakai
- Hakodate Fisheries Research, Hokkaido Research Organization, Local Independent Administrative Agency, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Sayaka Mino
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Tomoo Sawabe
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan.
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Xiao H, Yan H, Tian P, Ji S, Zhao W, Lu C, Zhang Y, Liu Y. The effect of early colonized gut microbiota on the growth performance of suckling lambs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1273444. [PMID: 37954254 PMCID: PMC10635232 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1273444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The early colonized gut microbiota during the newborn period has been reported to play important roles in the health and immunity of animals; however, whether they can affect the growth performance of suckling lambs is still unclear. In this study, a total of 84 newborn lambs were assigned into LF-1 (top 15%), LF-2 (medium 70%), and LF-3 (bottom 15%) groups according to their average body weight gain at 30 days of age. Fecal samples of lambs (LF) as well as feces (MF), vagina (VAG), colostrum (COL), teat skin (TEAT) samples of ewes, and the air sediment (AIR) in the delivery room were collected 72 h after birth, and then the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results showed that the early colonized gut microbiota had a significant effect on the growth performance of suckling lambs with alpha and beta diversity (p < 0.05), and we observed that the contribution of early colonized bacteria on the growth performance of lambs increased with age (from BW30 at 25.35% to BW45 at 31.10%; from ADG30 at 33.02% to ADG45 at 39.79% by measuring the relative effects of factors that influence growth performance). The early colonized gut microbiota of suckling lambs with high growth performance was similar to that in VAG, MF, and AIR (p < 0.05). With the RandomForest machine learning algorithm, we detected 11, 11, 6, and 4 bacterial taxa at the genus level that were associated with BW30, BW45, ADG30, and ADG45 of suckling lambs, respectively, and the correlation analysis showed that Butyricicoccus, Ruminococcus_gnavus_group, Ruminococcaceae_Other, and Fusobacterium could significantly affect the growth performance (BW30, BW45, ADG30, and ADG45) of suckling lambs (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the early colonized gut microbiota could significantly affect the growth performance of suckling lambs, and targeting the early colonized gut microbiota might be an alternative strategy to improve the growth performance of suckling lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shoukun Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | | | | | | | - Yueqin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Diaz-Lundahl S, Nørstebø SF, Klem TB, Gilfillan GD, Dalland M, Gillund P, Krogenæs A. The microbiota of uterine biopsies, cytobrush and vaginal swabs at artificial insemination in Norwegian red cows. Theriogenology 2023; 209:115-125. [PMID: 37390751 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The individual resistance or tolerance against uterine disease in dairy cattle might be related to variations in the uterine tract microbiota. The uterine tract microbiota in dairy cattle is a field of increasing interest. However, its specific taxonomy and functional aspects is under-explored, and information about the microbiota in the endometrium at artificial insemination (AI) is still missing. Although uterine bacteria are likely to be introduced via the vaginal route, it has also been suggested that pathogens can be transferred to the uterus via a hematogenous route. Thus, the microbiota in different layers of the uterine wall may differ. Norwegian Red (NR) is a high fertility breed that also has a high prevalence of subclinical endometritis (SCE), an inflammation of the uterus that has a negative effect on dairy cattle fertility. However, in this breed the negative effect is only moderate, raising the question of whether this may be due to a favorable microbiota. In the present study we investigated the endometrial microbiota in NR at AI by biopsy and cytobrush samples, and comparing this to the vaginal microflora. The second objective was to describe potential differences at both distinct depths of the endometrium, in healthy vs SCE positive NR cows. We sampled 24 lactating and clinically healthy Norwegian red cows in their second heat or more after calving, presented for first AI. First, we obtained a vaginal swab and a cytobrush sample, in addition to a cytotape to investigate the animal's uterine health status with respect to SCE. Secondly, we acquired a biopsy sample from the uterine endometrium. Bacterial DNA from the 16S rRNA gene was extracted and sequenced with Illumina sequencing of the V3-V4 region. Alpha and beta diversity and taxonomic composition was investigated. Our results showed that the microbiota of endometrial biopsies was qualitatively different and more even than that of cytobrush and vaginal swab samples. The cytobrush samples and the vaginal swabs shared a similar taxonomic composition, suggesting that vaginal swabs may suffice to sample the surface-layer uterine microbiota at estrus. The current study gave a description of the microbiota in the healthy and SCE positive NR cows at AI. Our results are valuable as we continue to explore the mechanisms for high fertility in NR, and possible further improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Diaz-Lundahl
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Simen Foyn Nørstebø
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Thea Blystad Klem
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Gregor Duncan Gilfillan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Dalland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Gillund
- Geno Breeding and AI Association, Storhamargata 44, 2317, Hamar, Norway
| | - Anette Krogenæs
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway.
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Ma X, Ding J, Ren H, Xin Q, Li Z, Han L, Liu D, Zhuo Z, Liu C, Ren Z. Distinguishable Influence of the Delivery Mode, Feeding Pattern, and Infant Sex on Dynamic Alterations in the Intestinal Microbiota in the First Year of Life. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:1799-1813. [PMID: 36864279 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The delivery mode, the feeding pattern and infant sex significantly influence the development of the infant gut flora. However, the extent to which these factors contribute to the establishment of the gut microbiota at different stages has rarely been studied. The factors that play a dominant role in determining microbial colonization of the infant gut at specific time points are unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the different contributions of the delivery mode, the feeding pattern and infant sex to the composition of the infant gut microbiome. Here, 213 fecal samples from 55 infants at five ages (0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum) were collected, and the composition of the gut microbiota via 16S rRNA sequencing was analyzed. The results showed that the average relative abundances of four genera, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Phascolarctobacterium, were increased in vaginally delivered infants versus cesarean section-delivered infants, while those of ten genera, such as Salmonella and Enterobacter, were reduced. The relative proportions of Anaerococcus and Peptostreptococcaceae were higher in exclusive breastfeeding than in combined feeding, while those of Coriobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Erysipelotrichaceae were lower. The average relative abundances of two genera, Alistipes and Anaeroglobus, were increased in male infants compared with female infants, whereas those of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were reduced. During the first year of life, the average UniFrac distances revealed that the individual difference in the gut microbial composition in vaginally delivered infants was greater than that in cesarean section-delivered infants (P < 0.001) and that infants who received combined feeding had greater individual microbiota differences than exclusively breastfed infants (P < 0.01). The delivery mode, infant sex, and the feeding pattern were the dominant factors determining colonization of the infant gut microbiota at 0 months, from 1 to 6 months, and at 12 months postpartum, respectively. This study demonstrated for the first time that infant sex accounted for the dominant contribution to infant gut microbial development from 1 to 6 months postpartum. More broadly, this study effectively established the extent to which the delivery mode, the feeding pattern and infant sex contribute to the development of the gut microbiota at various time points during the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Juan Ding
- Department of Quality Control, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Hongyan Ren
- Shanghai Mobio Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201111, China
| | - Qi Xin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Liping Han
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Dingjiandi Liu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhihong Zhuo
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Shanghai Mobio Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201111, China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Romero R, Gervasi MT, DiGiulio DB, Jung E, Suksai M, Miranda J, Theis KR, Gotsch F, Relman DA. Are bacteria, fungi, and archaea present in the midtrimester amniotic fluid? J Perinat Med 2023; 51:886-890. [PMID: 37194083 PMCID: PMC10482702 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to determine whether bacteria, fungi, or archaea are detected in the amniotic fluid of patients who underwent midtrimester amniocentesis for clinical indications. METHODS Amniotic fluid samples from 692 pregnancies were tested by using a combination of culture and end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Intra-amniotic inflammation was defined as an interleukin-6 concentration >2,935 pg/mL. RESULTS Microorganisms were detected in 0.3% (2/692) of cases based on cultivation, 1.73% (12/692) based on broad-range end-point PCR, and 2% (14/692) based on the combination of both methods. However, most (13/14) of these cases did not have evidence of intra-amniotic inflammation and delivered at term. Therefore, a positive culture or end-point PCR in most patients appears to have no apparent clinical significance. CONCLUSIONS Amniotic fluid in the midtrimester of pregnancy generally does not contain bacteria, fungi, or archaea. Interpretation of amniotic fluid culture and molecular microbiologic results is aided by the assessment of the inflammatory state of the amniotic cavity. The presence of microorganisms, as determined by culture or a microbial signal in the absence of intra-amniotic inflammation, appears to be a benign condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Gervasi
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniel B. DiGiulio
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jezid Miranda
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Kevin R. Theis
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David A. Relman
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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65
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Young GR, Sherry A, Smith DL. Built environment microbiomes transition from outdoor to human-associated communities after construction and commissioning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15854. [PMID: 37740013 PMCID: PMC10516947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota of the built environment is linked to usage, materials and, perhaps most importantly, human health. Many studies have attempted to identify ways of modulating microbial communities within built environments to promote health. None have explored how these complex communities assemble initially, following construction of new built environments. This study used high-throughput targeted sequencing approaches to explore bacterial community acquisition and development throughout the construction of a new build. Microbial sampling spanned from site identification, through the construction process to commissioning and use. Following commissioning of the building, bacterial richness and diversity were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) and community structure was altered (R2 = 0.14; P = 0.001). Greater longitudinal community stability was observed in outdoor environments than indoor environments. Community flux in indoor environments was associated with human interventions driving environmental selection, which increased 10.4% in indoor environments following commissioning. Increased environmental selection coincided with a 12% reduction in outdoor community influence on indoor microbiomes (P = 2.00 × 10-15). Indoor communities became significantly enriched with human associated genera including Escherichia, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella spp. These data represent the first to characterize the initial assembly of bacterial communities in built environments and will inform future studies aiming to modulate built environment microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Young
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST, UK
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Angela Sherry
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST, UK
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Darren L Smith
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST, UK.
- Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle, NE1 8ST, UK.
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de Jong R, Tenbrock K, Ohl K. New Insights in Immunometabolism in Neonatal Monocytes and Macrophages in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14173. [PMID: 37762476 PMCID: PMC10531550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the neonatal immune system is different from the adult immune system. A major task of the neonatal immune system is to bridge the achievement of tolerance towards harmless antigens and commensal bacteria while providing protection against pathogens. This is highly important because neonates are immunologically challenged directly after birth by a rigorous change from a semi-allogeneic sterile environment into a world rich with microbes. A so called disease tolerogenic state is typical for neonates and is anticipated to prevent immunopathological damage potentially at the cost of uncontrolled pathogen proliferation. As a consequence, neonates are more susceptible than adults to life-threatening infections. At the basis of a well-functioning immune response, both for adults and neonates, innate immune cells such as monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages play an essential role. A well-responsive monocyte will alter its cellular metabolism to subsequently induce certain immune effector function, a process which is called immunometabolism. Immunometabolism has received extensive attention in the last decade; however, it has not been broadly studied in neonates. This review focuses on carbohydrate metabolism in monocytes and macrophages in neonates. We will exhibit pathways involving glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation and their role in shaping neonates' immune systems to a favorable tolerogenic state. More insight into these pathways will elucidate potential treatments targets in life-threatening conditions including neonatal sepsis or expose potential targets which can be used to induce tolerance in conditions where tolerance is harmfully impaired such as in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.d.J.); (K.O.)
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Lingasamy P, Modhukur V, Mändar R, Salumets A. Exploring Immunome and Microbiome Interplay in Reproductive Health: Current Knowledge, Challenges, and Novel Diagnostic Tools. Semin Reprod Med 2023; 41:172-189. [PMID: 38262441 PMCID: PMC10846929 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1778017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic interplay between the immunome and microbiome in reproductive health is a complex and rapidly advancing research field, holding tremendously vast possibilities for the development of reproductive medicine. This immunome-microbiome relationship influences the innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby affecting the onset and progression of reproductive disorders. However, the mechanisms governing these interactions remain elusive and require innovative approaches to gather more understanding. This comprehensive review examines the current knowledge on reproductive microbiomes across various parts of female reproductive tract, with special consideration of bidirectional interactions between microbiomes and the immune system. Additionally, it explores innate and adaptive immunity, focusing on immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgM antibodies, their regulation, self-antigen tolerance mechanisms, and their roles in immune homeostasis. This review also highlights ongoing technological innovations in microbiota research, emphasizing the need for standardized detection and analysis methods. For instance, we evaluate the clinical utility of innovative technologies such as Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing (PhIP-Seq) and Microbial Flow Cytometry coupled to Next-Generation Sequencing (mFLOW-Seq). Despite ongoing advancements, we emphasize the need for further exploration in this field, as a deeper understanding of immunome-microbiome interactions holds promise for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for reproductive health, like infertility treatment and management of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijayachitra Modhukur
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reet Mändar
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Canha-Gouveia A, Di Nisio V, Salumets A, Damdimopoulou P, Coy P, Altmäe S, Sola-Leyva A. The Upper Reproductive System Microbiome: Evidence beyond the Uterus. Semin Reprod Med 2023; 41:190-199. [PMID: 38320577 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1778056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome of the female upper reproductive system has garnered increasing recognition and has become an area of interest in the study of women's health. This intricate ecosystem encompasses a diverse consortium of microorganisms (i.e., microbiota) and their genomes (i.e., microbiome) residing in the female upper reproductive system, including the uterus, the fallopian tubes, and ovaries. In recent years, remarkable advancements have been witnessed in sequencing technologies and microbiome research, indicating the potential importance of the microbial composition within these anatomical sites and its impact in women's reproductive health and overall well-being. Understanding the composition, dynamics, and functions of the microbiome of the female upper reproductive system opens up exciting avenues for improving fertility, treating gynecological conditions, and advancing our comprehension of the intricate interplay between the microbiome and the female reproductive system. The aim of this study is to compile currently available information on the microbial composition of the female upper reproductive system in humans, with a focus beyond the uterus, which has received more attention in recent microbiome studies compared with the fallopian tubes and ovaries. In conclusion, this review underscores the potential role of this microbiome in women's physiology, both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analuce Canha-Gouveia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca," Murcia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Valentina Di Nisio
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andres Salumets
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pilar Coy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca," Murcia, Spain
| | - Signe Altmäe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Sola-Leyva
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
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Suárez-Martínez C, Santaella-Pascual M, Yagüe-Guirao G, Martínez-Graciá C. Infant gut microbiota colonization: influence of prenatal and postnatal factors, focusing on diet. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236254. [PMID: 37675422 PMCID: PMC10478010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal microbiota forms the first infant gut microbial inoculum, and perinatal factors (diet and use of antibiotics during pregnancy) and/or neonatal factors, like intra partum antibiotics, gestational age and mode of delivery, may influence microbial colonization. After birth, when the principal colonization occurs, the microbial diversity increases and converges toward a stable adult-like microbiota by the end of the first 3-5 years of life. However, during the early life, gut microbiota can be disrupted by other postnatal factors like mode of infant feeding, antibiotic usage, and various environmental factors generating a state of dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis have been reported to increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and some chronic diseases later in life, such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, allergies, and asthma. Therefore, understanding the impact of a correct maternal-to-infant microbial transfer and a good infant early colonization and maturation throughout life would reduce the risk of disease in early and late life. This paper reviews the published evidence on early-life gut microbiota development, as well as the different factors influencing its evolution before, at, and after birth, focusing on diet and nutrition during pregnancy and in the first months of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Suárez-Martínez
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Santaella-Pascual
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
| | - Genoveva Yagüe-Guirao
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Microbiology Service, Virgen de La Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez-Graciá
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, Veterinary Faculty, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia, Spain
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70
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Russell AL, McAdams ZL, Donovan E, Seilhamer N, Siegrist M, Franklin CL, Ericsson AC. The contribution of maternal oral, vaginal, and gut microbiota to the developing offspring gut. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13660. [PMID: 37608207 PMCID: PMC10444849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40703-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited understanding of how the microbiota colonizing various maternal tissues contribute to the development of the neonatal gut microbiota (GM). To determine the contribution of various maternal microbiotic sites to the offspring microbiota in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT) during early life, litters of mice were sacrificed at 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 21 days of age, and fecal and ileal samples were collected. Dams were euthanized alongside their pups, and oral, vaginal, ileal, and fecal samples were collected. This was done in parallel using mice with either a low-richness or high-richness microbiota to assess the consistency of findings across multiple microbial compositions. Samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The compositional similarity between pup and dam samples were used to determine the contribution of each maternal source to the composition of the neonate fecal and ileal samples at each timepoint. As expected, similarity between neonate and maternal feces increased significantly over time. During earlier time-points however, the offspring fecal and ileal microbiotas were closer in composition to the maternal oral microbiota than other maternal sites. Prominent taxa contributed by the maternal oral microbiota to the neonate GM were supplier-dependent and included Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., and a member of the Pasteurellaceae family. These findings align with the microbial taxa reported in infant microbiotas, highlighting the translatability of mouse models in this regard, as well as the dynamic nature of the GM during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Russell
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Zachary L McAdams
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Erin Donovan
- University of Missouri Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center (MU MMRRC), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Nicole Seilhamer
- University of Missouri Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center (MU MMRRC), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Melissa Siegrist
- University of Missouri Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center (MU MMRRC), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Craig L Franklin
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
- University of Missouri Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center (MU MMRRC), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Aaron C Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
- University of Missouri Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center (MU MMRRC), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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71
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Pantazi AC, Balasa AL, Mihai CM, Chisnoiu T, Lupu VV, Kassim MAK, Mihai L, Frecus CE, Chirila SI, Lupu A, Andrusca A, Ionescu C, Cuzic V, Cambrea SC. Development of Gut Microbiota in the First 1000 Days after Birth and Potential Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:3647. [PMID: 37630837 PMCID: PMC10457741 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The first 1000 days after birth represent a critical window for gut microbiome development, which is essential for immune system maturation and overall health. The gut microbiome undergoes major changes during this period due to shifts in diet and environment. Disruptions to the microbiota early in life can have lasting health effects, including increased risks of inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders, and obesity. Maternal and environmental factors during pregnancy and infancy shape the infant gut microbiota. In this article, we will review how maintaining a healthy gut microbiome in pregnancy and infancy is important for long-term infant health. Furthermore, we briefly include fungal colonization and its effects on the host immune function, which are discussed as part of gut microbiome ecosystem. Additionally, we will describe how potential approaches such as hydrogels enriched with prebiotics and probiotics, gut microbiota transplantation (GMT) during pregnancy, age-specific microbial ecosystem therapeutics, and CRISPR therapies targeting the gut microbiota hold potential for advancing research and development. Nevertheless, thorough evaluation of their safety, effectiveness, and lasting impacts is crucial prior to their application in clinical approach. The article emphasizes the need for continued research to optimize gut microbiota and immune system development through targeted early-life interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Cosmin Pantazi
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania (A.L.B.)
- Pediatrics Department, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Adriana Luminita Balasa
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania (A.L.B.)
- Pediatrics Department, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Cristina Maria Mihai
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania (A.L.B.)
- Pediatrics Department, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Tatiana Chisnoiu
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania (A.L.B.)
- Pediatrics Department, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Larisia Mihai
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania (A.L.B.)
- Pediatrics Department, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Corina Elena Frecus
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania (A.L.B.)
- Pediatrics Department, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | | | - Ancuta Lupu
- Pediatrics Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Antonio Andrusca
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania (A.L.B.)
- Pediatrics Department, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Constantin Ionescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania (S.I.C.)
| | - Viviana Cuzic
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania (A.L.B.)
- Pediatrics Department, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Simona Claudia Cambrea
- Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
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72
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Querdasi FR, Vogel SC, Thomason ME, Callaghan BL, Brito NH. A comparison of the infant gut microbiome before versus after the start of the covid-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13289. [PMID: 37587195 PMCID: PMC10432475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting public health directives led to many changes in families' social and material environments. Prior research suggests that these changes are likely to impact composition of the gut microbiome, particularly during early childhood when the gut microbiome is developing most rapidly. Importantly, disruption to the gut microbiome during this sensitive period can have potentially long-lasting impacts on health and development. In the current study, we compare gut microbiome composition among a socioeconomically and racially diverse group of 12-month old infants living in New York City who provided stool samples before the pandemic (N = 34) to a group who provided samples during the first 9-months of the pandemic (March-December 2020; N = 20). We found that infants sampled during the pandemic had lower alpha diversity of the microbiome, lower abundance of Pasteurellaceae and Haemophilus, and significantly different beta diversity based on unweighted Unifrac distance than infants sampled before the pandemic. Exploratory analyses suggest that gut microbiome changes due to the pandemic occurred relatively quickly after the start of the pandemic and were sustained. Our results provide evidence that pandemic-related environmental disruptions had an impact on community-level taxonomic diversity of the developing gut microbiome, as well as abundance of specific members of the gut bacterial community.
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73
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Blackmer-Raynolds L, Sampson TR. Overview of the Gut Microbiome. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:518-529. [PMID: 37562449 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of microorganisms-collectively referred to as the gut microbiome-that maintain a symbiotic relationship with their host. This diverse community of microbes grows and changes as we do, with developmental, lifestyle, and environmental factors all shaping microbiome community structure. Increasing evidence suggests this relationship is bidirectional, with the microbiome also influencing host physiological processes. For example, changes in the gut microbiome have been shown to alter neurodevelopment and have lifelong effects on the brain and behavior. Age-related changes in gut microbiome composition have also been linked to inflammatory changes in the brain, perhaps increasing susceptibility to neurological disease. Indeed, associations between gut dysbiosis and many age-related neurological diseases-including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-have been reported. Further, microbiome manipulation in animal models of disease highlights a potential role for the gut microbiome in disease development and progression. Although much remains unknown, these associations open up an exciting new world of therapeutic targets, potentially allowing for improved quality of life for a wide range of patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy R Sampson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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74
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Kiouptsi K, Pontarollo G, Reinhardt C. Gut Microbiota and the Microvasculature. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041179. [PMID: 37460157 PMCID: PMC10411863 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as an actuating variable shaping vascular development and endothelial cell function in the intestinal mucosa but also affecting the microvasculature of remote organs. In the small intestine, colonization with gut microbiota and subsequent activation of innate immune pathways promotes the development of intricate capillary networks and lacteals, influencing the integrity of the gut-vascular barrier as well as nutrient uptake. Since the liver yields most of its blood supply via the portal circulation, the hepatic microcirculation steadily encounters microbiota-derived patterns and active signaling metabolites that induce changes in the organization of the liver sinusoidal endothelium, influencing immune zonation of sinusoids and impacting on metabolic processes. In addition, microbiota-derived signals may affect the vasculature of distant organ systems such as the brain and the eye microvasculature. In recent years, this gut-resident microbial ecosystem was revealed to contribute to the development of several vascular disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Giulia Pontarollo
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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75
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Chen X, Shi Y. Determinants of microbial colonization in the premature gut. Mol Med 2023; 29:90. [PMID: 37407941 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal microbial colonization in the gut at an early stage of life affects growth, development, and health, resulting in short- and long-term adverse effects. Microbial colonization patterns of preterm infants differ from those of full-term infants in that preterm babies and their mothers have more complicated prenatal and postnatal medical conditions. Maternal complications, antibiotic exposure, delivery mode, feeding type, and the use of probiotics may significantly shape the gut microbiota of preterm infants at an early stage of life; however, these influences subside with age. Although some factors and processes are difficult to intervene in or avoid, understanding the potential factors and determinants will help in developing timely strategies for a healthy gut microbiota in preterm infants. This review discusses potential determinants of gut microbial colonization in preterm infants and their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Yongyan Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China.
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76
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Reis AA, Monteiro MF, Bonilha GM, Saraiva L, Araújo C, Santamaria MP, Casati MZ, Kumar P, Casarin RCV. Parents with periodontitis drive the early acquisition of dysbiotic microbiomes in their offspring. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:890-904. [PMID: 37086047 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the microbial colonization in different dentition phases on individuals from 0 to 18 years of age belonging to families with a history of periodontitis compared to descendants of periodontally healthy parents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The offspring of subjects with periodontitis ('Perio' group) and the offspring of periodontally healthy subjects ('Healthy' group), matched for gender and age, were included in this cross-sectional study and divided according to the dentition phase: pre-dentate, primary, mixed and permanent. The patients were clinically assessed, and their saliva was collected. DNA was extracted, and V1-V3 and V4-V5 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced. RESULTS Fifty children of parents with periodontitis and 50 from healthy parents were included in the study and divided according to the dentition phase: pre-dentate (n = 5/group), primary dentition (n = 15/group), mixed dentition (n = 15/group) and permanent dentition (n = 15/group) in each group. The microbiome composition was different between dentitions for both groups. Children of the Perio group presented a microbial diversity different from that of the Healthy group in mixed and permanent dentitions. The more intense shift in the community occurred between primary and mixed dentition in the Perio group, while the transition between mixed and permanent dentition was the period with greater changes in the microbiome for the Healthy group. Furthermore, a pathogen-rich environment-higher prevalence and abundance of periodontitis-associated species such as Prevotella spp., Selenomonas spp., Leptotrichia spp., Filifactor alocis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia- was observed in the Perio group. CONCLUSIONS The parents' periodontal status significantly affects the microbiome composition of their offspring from an early age. The mixed dentition was the phase associated with establishing a dysbiotic and pathogen-rich microbiome in descendants of parents with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luciana Saraiva
- School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassia Araújo
- Institute of Health Science, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Purnima Kumar
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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77
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Sciarra F, Franceschini E, Campolo F, Venneri MA. The Diagnostic Potential of the Human Blood Microbiome: Are We Dreaming or Awake? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10422. [PMID: 37445600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human blood has historically been considered a sterile environment. Recently, a thriving microbiome dominated by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla was detected in healthy blood. The localization of these microbes is restricted to some blood cell populations, particularly the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and erythrocytes. It was hypothesized that the blood microbiome originates from the skin-oral-gut axis. In addition, many studies have evaluated the potential of blood microbiome dysbiosis as a prognostic marker in cardiovascular diseases, cirrhosis, severe liver fibrosis, severe acute pancreatitis, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases. The present review aims to summarize current findings and most recent evidence in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Franceschini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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78
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Beckers KF, Gomes VCL, Crissman KR, Liu CC, Schulz CJ, Childers GW, Sones JL. Metagenetic Analysis of the Pregnant Microbiome in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1999. [PMID: 37370509 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Placentitis is the leading cause of infectious abortion in the horse. Additionally, it can result in weak and/or growth restricted offspring. While the etiology of ascending placentitis is well described in mares, less is known regarding the pathogenesis of other types, such as nocardioform placentitis. This study aims to identify the microbial communities in different body sites of the pregnant mare in early gestation to establish a core microbiome that may be perturbed in pathologic pregnancies such as placentitis. We hypothesize that the equine placenta harbors a distinct resident microbiome in early pregnancy when characterized by metagenetics and that there will be a disparity in bacterial communities from the oral, vaginal, and fecal microbiome. Samples were collected from the oral cavity, vagina, anus, and the allantoic portion of the allantochorion ("placenta") from five pregnant mares between 96 and 120 days of gestation. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified for Illumina MiSeq sequencing to examine core bacterial communities present in the different body sites. Microbial community composition of the pregnant ponies by body site was significantly different (Bray-Curtis dissimilarity). The placenta was significantly different from the feces, oral cavity, and vagina. Alpha diversity measuring the Shannon diversity matrix was significant, with the body sites being a compounding variable, meaning there was a difference in richness and evenness in the different microbial communities. Feces had the greatest alpha diversity, while the oral cavity and placenta similarly had the least. In conclusion, metagenetics did reveal distinct community differences in the oral, fecal, vaginal, and placenta cavities of the horse. The equine placenta does show similarities in its microbial communities to the oral cavity. Further research needs to be completed to investigate how bacteria may be translocated to the placenta from these other body sites and how they contribute to the development of placentitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalie F Beckers
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Viviane C L Gomes
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kassandra R Crissman
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Christopher J Schulz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, USA
| | - Gary W Childers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402, USA
| | - Jenny L Sones
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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79
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Chen Q, Zhang X, Shi W, Du X, Ma L, Wang W, Tao S, Xiao Y. Longitudinal Investigation of Enteric Virome Signatures from Parental-Generation to Offspring Pigs. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0002323. [PMID: 37166318 PMCID: PMC10269631 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00023-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, studies on the swine gut microbiome have focused almost exclusively on bacteria. Despite recent advances in the understanding of the swine gut bacteriome at different growth stages, a comprehensive longitudinal study of the lifetime dynamics of the swine gut virome is lacking. Here, we used metagenomic sequencing combined with bioinformatic analysis techniques to characterize the gut viromes of parental-generation and offspring pigs at different biological classification levels. We collected 54 fecal samples from 36 parental-generation pigs (18 breeding boars [Duroc] and 18 pregnant/lactating sows [Landrace]) and 108 fecal samples from 18 offspring pigs during the lactation (day 3), nursery (days 26, 35, and 49), growing (day 120), and finishing (day 180) stages. Alpha diversity, including community richness (richness index) and diversity (Shannon index), showed an overall increasing trend in offspring pigs. Distinct shifts (beta diversity) in the microbiome structure along different growth stages were observed. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) algorithm revealed 53 viral genus that are stage specific. Host prediction results showed that enteric viruses are probably correlated with carbohydrate decomposition. We identified abundant auxiliary carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes from enteric viruses, most of which are glycoside hydrolase genes and participate in the biolysis of complex polysaccharides. IMPORTANCE This study shows that distinct stage-associated swine gut viromes may be determined by age and/or gut physiology at different growth stages, and enteric viruses probably manipulate carbohydrate decomposition by abundant glycoside hydrolases. These findings fill a gap in the longitudinal pattern of the swine gut virome and lay the foundation for research on the function of swine enteric viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua, China
| | - Weiling Shi
- Zhejiang Dovro Animal Health Business Company, Jinhua, China
| | - Xizhong Du
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua, China
| | - Lingyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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80
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Upreti D, Rouzer SK, Bowring A, Labbe E, Kumar R, Miranda RC, Mahnke AH. Microbiota and nutrition as risk and resiliency factors following prenatal alcohol exposure. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1182635. [PMID: 37397440 PMCID: PMC10308314 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1182635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol exposure in adulthood can result in inflammation, malnutrition, and altered gastroenteric microbiota, which may disrupt efficient nutrient extraction. Clinical and preclinical studies have documented convincingly that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) also results in persistent inflammation and nutrition deficiencies, though research on the impact of PAE on the enteric microbiota is in its infancy. Importantly, other neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders, have been linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis. The combined evidence from alcohol exposure in adulthood and from other neurodevelopmental disorders supports the hypothesis that gut microbiota dysbiosis is likely an etiological feature that contributes to negative developmental, including neurodevelopmental, consequences of PAE and results in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Here, we highlight published data that support a role for gut microbiota in healthy development and explore the implication of these studies for the role of altered microbiota in the lifelong health consequences of PAE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amanda H. Mahnke
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
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81
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Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease comprises cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction and underlies the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, both within the United States and worldwide. Commensal microbiota are implicated in the development of cardiometabolic disease. Evidence suggests that the microbiome is relatively variable during infancy and early childhood, becoming more fixed in later childhood and adulthood. Effects of microbiota, both during early development, and in later life, may induce changes in host metabolism that modulate risk mechanisms and predispose toward the development of cardiometabolic disease. In this review, we summarize the factors that influence gut microbiome composition and function during early life and explore how changes in microbiota and microbial metabolism influence host metabolism and cardiometabolic risk throughout life. We highlight limitations in current methodology and approaches and outline state-of-the-art advances, which are improving research and building toward refined diagnosis and treatment options in microbiome-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis L Gabriel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (C.L.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research (C.L.G.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.F.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Vanderbilt Microbiome Innovation Center (J.F.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.F.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville
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82
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Wanelik KM, Raulo A, Troitsky T, Husby A, Knowles SCL. Maternal transmission gives way to social transmission during gut microbiota assembly in wild mice. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:29. [PMID: 37259168 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian gut microbiota influences a wide array of phenotypes which are relevant to fitness, yet knowledge about the transmission routes by which gut microbes colonise hosts in natural populations remains limited. Here, we use an intensively studied wild population of wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) to examine how vertical (maternal) and horizontal (social) transmission routes influence gut microbiota composition throughout life. RESULTS We identify independent signals of maternal transmission (sharing of taxa between a mother and her offspring) and social transmission (sharing of taxa predicted by the social network), whose relative magnitudes shift as hosts age. In early life, gut microbiota composition is predicted by both maternal and social relationships, but by adulthood the impact of maternal transmission becomes undetectable, leaving only a signal of social transmission. By exploring which taxa drive the maternal transmission signal, we identify a candidate maternally-transmitted bacterial family in wood mice, the Muribaculaceae. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings point to an ontogenetically shifting transmission landscape in wild mice, with a mother's influence on microbiota composition waning as offspring age, while the relative impact of social contacts grows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aura Raulo
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Arild Husby
- Evolutionary Biology Centre, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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83
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Stupak A, Kwaśniewski W. Evaluating Current Molecular Techniques and Evidence in Assessing Microbiome in Placenta-Related Health and Disorders in Pregnancy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:911. [PMID: 37371491 PMCID: PMC10296270 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is of great interest due to its potential influence on the occurrence and treatment of some human illnesses. It may be regarded as disruptions to the delicate equilibrium that humans ordinarily maintain with their microorganisms or the microbiota in their environment. The focus of this review is on the methodologies and current understanding of the functional microbiome in pregnancy outcomes. We present how novel techniques bring new insights to the contemporary field of maternal-fetal medicine with a critical analysis. The maternal microbiome in late pregnancy has been extensively studied, although data on maternal microbial changes during the first trimester are rare. Research has demonstrated that, in healthy pregnancies, the origin of the placental microbiota is oral (gut) rather than vaginal. Implantation, placental development, and maternal adaptation to pregnancy are complex processes in which fetal and maternal cells interact. Microbiome dysbiosis or microbial metabolites are rising as potential moderators of antenatal illnesses related to the placenta, such as fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and others, including gestational diabetes and preterm deliveries. However, because of the presence of antimicrobial components, it is likely that the bacteria identified in placental tissue are (fragments of) bacteria that have been destroyed by the placenta's immune cells. Using genomic techniques (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics), it may be possible to predict some properties of a microorganism's genome and the biochemical (epigenetic DNA modification) and physical components of the placenta as its environment. Despite the results described in this review, this subject needs further research on some major and crucial aspects. The phases of an in utero translocation of the maternal gut microbiota to the fetus should be explored. With a predictive knowledge of the impacts of the disturbance on microbial communities that influence human health and the environment, genomics may hold the answer to the development of novel therapies for the health of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stupak
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica Str. 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kwaśniewski
- Department of Gynecological Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
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84
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Pargin E, Roach MJ, Skye A, Papudeshi B, Inglis LK, Mallawaarachchi V, Grigson SR, Harker C, Edwards RA, Giles SK. The human gut virome: composition, colonization, interactions, and impacts on human health. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:963173. [PMID: 37293229 PMCID: PMC10244655 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.963173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut virome is an incredibly complex part of the gut ecosystem. Gut viruses play a role in many disease states, but it is unknown to what extent the gut virome impacts everyday human health. New experimental and bioinformatic approaches are required to address this knowledge gap. Gut virome colonization begins at birth and is considered unique and stable in adulthood. The stable virome is highly specific to each individual and is modulated by varying factors such as age, diet, disease state, and use of antibiotics. The gut virome primarily comprises bacteriophages, predominantly order Crassvirales, also referred to as crAss-like phages, in industrialized populations and other Caudoviricetes (formerly Caudovirales). The stability of the virome's regular constituents is disrupted by disease. Transferring the fecal microbiome, including its viruses, from a healthy individual can restore the functionality of the gut. It can alleviate symptoms of chronic illnesses such as colitis caused by Clostridiodes difficile. Investigation of the virome is a relatively novel field, with new genetic sequences being published at an increasing rate. A large percentage of unknown sequences, termed 'viral dark matter', is one of the significant challenges facing virologists and bioinformaticians. To address this challenge, strategies include mining publicly available viral datasets, untargeted metagenomic approaches, and utilizing cutting-edge bioinformatic tools to quantify and classify viral species. Here, we review the literature surrounding the gut virome, its establishment, its impact on human health, the methods used to investigate it, and the viral dark matter veiling our understanding of the gut virome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah K. Giles
- Flinders Accelerator for Microbiome Exploration, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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85
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Sasso J, Ammar RM, Tenchov R, Lemmel S, Kelber O, Grieswelle M, Zhou QA. Gut Microbiome-Brain Alliance: A Landscape View into Mental and Gastrointestinal Health and Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1717-1763. [PMID: 37156006 PMCID: PMC10197139 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota includes a vast collection of microorganisms residing within the gastrointestinal tract. It is broadly recognized that the gut and brain are in constant bidirectional communication, of which gut microbiota and its metabolic production are a major component, and form the so-called gut microbiome-brain axis. Disturbances of microbiota homeostasis caused by imbalance in their functional composition and metabolic activities, known as dysbiosis, cause dysregulation of these pathways and trigger changes in the blood-brain barrier permeability, thereby causing pathological malfunctions, including neurological and functional gastrointestinal disorders. In turn, the brain can affect the structure and function of gut microbiota through the autonomic nervous system by regulating gut motility, intestinal transit and secretion, and gut permeability. Here, we examine data from the CAS Content Collection, the largest collection of published scientific information, and analyze the publication landscape of recent research. We review the advances in knowledge related to the human gut microbiome, its complexity and functionality, its communication with the central nervous system, and the effect of the gut microbiome-brain axis on mental and gut health. We discuss correlations between gut microbiota composition and various diseases, specifically gastrointestinal and mental disorders. We also explore gut microbiota metabolites with regard to their impact on the brain and gut function and associated diseases. Finally, we assess clinical applications of gut-microbiota-related substances and metabolites with their development pipelines. We hope this review can serve as a useful resource in understanding the current knowledge on this emerging field in an effort to further solving of the remaining challenges and fulfilling its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet
M. Sasso
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Ramy M. Ammar
- Bayer
Consumer Health, R&D Digestive
Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Steven Lemmel
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
| | - Olaf Kelber
- Bayer
Consumer Health, R&D Digestive
Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Malte Grieswelle
- Bayer
Consumer Health, R&D Digestive
Health, Darmstadt 64295, Germany
| | - Qiongqiong Angela Zhou
- CAS, a division of the American Chemical Society, 2540 Olentangy River Rd, Columbus, Ohio 43202, United States
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86
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Banchi P, Colitti B, Del Carro A, Corrò M, Bertero A, Ala U, Del Carro A, Van Soom A, Bertolotti L, Rota A. Challenging the Hypothesis of in Utero Microbiota Acquisition in Healthy Canine and Feline Pregnancies at Term: Preliminary Data. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050331. [PMID: 37235414 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, there are no data on the presence of bacteria in healthy canine and feline pregnancies at term. Here, we investigated the uterine microbiome in bitches (n = 5) and queens (n = 3) undergoing elective cesarean section in two facilities. Samples included swabs from the endometrium, amniotic fluid, and meconium, and environmental swabs of the surgical tray as controls. Culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to investigate the presence of bacteria. Culture was positive for 34.3% of samples (uterus n = 3, amniotic fluid n = 2, meconium n = 4, controls n = 0), mostly with low growth of common contaminant bacteria. With sequencing techniques, the bacterial abundance was significantly lower than in environmental controls (p < 0.05). Sequencing results showed a species-specific pattern, and significant differences between canine and feline bacterial populations were found at order, family, and genus level. No differences were found in alpha and beta diversities between feto-maternal tissues and controls (p > 0.05). Dominant phyla were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria in different proportions based on tissue and species. Culture and sequencing results suggest that the bacterial biomass is very low in healthy canine and feline pregnancies at term, that bacteria likely originate from contamination from the dam's skin, and that the presence of viable bacteria could not be confirmed most of the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Banchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Barbara Colitti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Andrea Del Carro
- Iunovet-Clinique Vetérinaire Saint Hubert, 06240 Beausoleil, France
| | - Michela Corrò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Angela Del Carro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luigi Bertolotti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ada Rota
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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87
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van Heule M, Monteiro HF, Bazzazan A, Scoggin K, Rolston M, El-Sheikh Ali H, Weimer BC, Ball B, Daels P, Dini P. Characterization of the equine placental microbial population in healthy pregnancies. Theriogenology 2023; 206:60-70. [PMID: 37187056 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In spite of controversy, recent studies present evidence that a microbiome is present in the human placenta. However, there is limited information about a potential equine placental microbiome. In the present study, we characterized the microbial population in the equine placenta (chorioallantois) of healthy prepartum (280 days of gestation, n = 6) and postpartum (immediately after foaling, 351 days of gestation, n = 11) mares, using 16S rDNA sequencing (rDNA-seq). In both groups, the majority of bacteria belonged to the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidota. The five most abundant genera were Bradyrhizobium, an unclassified Pseudonocardiaceae, Acinetobacter, Pantoea, and an unclassified Microbacteriaceae. Alpha diversity (p < 0.05) and beta diversity (p < 0.01) were significantly different between pre- and postpartum samples. Additionally, the abundance of 7 phyla and 55 genera was significantly different between pre- and postpartum samples. These differences suggest an effect of the caudal reproductive tract microbiome on the postpartum placental microbial DNA composition, since the passage of the placenta through the cervix and vagina during normal parturition had a significant influence on the composition of the bacteria found in the placenta when using 16S rDNA-seq. These data support the hypothesis that bacterial DNA is present in healthy equine placentas and opens the possibility for further exploration of the impact of the placental microbiome on fetal development and pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machteld van Heule
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hugo Fernando Monteiro
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ali Bazzazan
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kirsten Scoggin
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Matthew Rolston
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Bart C Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Barry Ball
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Peter Daels
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pouya Dini
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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88
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Gallo DM, Romero R, Bosco M, Gotsch F, Jaiman S, Jung E, Suksai M, Ramón Y Cajal CL, Yoon BH, Chaiworapongsa T. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 228:S1158-S1178. [PMID: 37012128 PMCID: PMC10291742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.11.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Green-stained amniotic fluid, often referred to as meconium-stained amniotic fluid, is present in 5% to 20% of patients in labor and is considered an obstetric hazard. The condition has been attributed to the passage of fetal colonic content (meconium), intraamniotic bleeding with the presence of heme catabolic products, or both. The frequency of green-stained amniotic fluid increases as a function of gestational age, reaching approximately 27% in post-term gestation. Green-stained amniotic fluid during labor has been associated with fetal acidemia (umbilical artery pH <7.00), neonatal respiratory distress, and seizures as well as cerebral palsy. Hypoxia is widely considered a mechanism responsible for fetal defecation and meconium-stained amniotic fluid; however, most fetuses with meconium-stained amniotic fluid do not have fetal acidemia. Intraamniotic infection/inflammation has emerged as an important factor in meconium-stained amniotic fluid in term and preterm gestations, as patients with these conditions have a higher rate of clinical chorioamnionitis and neonatal sepsis. The precise mechanisms linking intraamniotic inflammation to green-stained amniotic fluid have not been determined, but the effects of oxidative stress in heme catabolism have been implicated. Two randomized clinical trials suggest that antibiotic administration decreases the rate of clinical chorioamnionitis in patients with meconium-stained amniotic fluid. A serious complication of meconium-stained amniotic fluid is meconium aspiration syndrome. This condition develops in 5% of cases presenting with meconium-stained amniotic fluid and is a severe complication typical of term newborns. Meconium aspiration syndrome is attributed to the mechanical and chemical effects of aspirated meconium coupled with local and systemic fetal inflammation. Routine naso/oropharyngeal suctioning and tracheal intubation in cases of meconium-stained amniotic fluid have not been shown to be beneficial and are no longer recommended in obstetrical practice. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials suggested that amnioinfusion may decrease the rate of meconium aspiration syndrome. Histologic examination of the fetal membranes for meconium has been invoked in medical legal litigation to time the occurrence of fetal injury. However, inferences have been largely based on the results of in vitro experiments, and extrapolation of such findings to the clinical setting warrants caution. Fetal defecation throughout gestation appears to be a physiologic phenomenon based on ultrasound as well as in observations in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahiana M Gallo
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidad Del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
| | - Mariachiara Bosco
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Sunil Jaiman
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Carlos López Ramón Y Cajal
- Unit of Prenatal Diagnosis, Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital, Vigo, Spain
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
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89
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Alsharairi NA. Exploring the Diet-Gut Microbiota-Epigenetics Crosstalk Relevant to Neonatal Diabetes. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051017. [PMID: 37239377 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal diabetes (NDM) is a rare monogenic disorder that presents as hyperglycemia during the first six months of life. The link between early-life gut microbiota dysbiosis and susceptibility to NDM remains uncertain. Experimental studies have demonstrated that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) could develop into meconium/gut microbiota dysbiosis in newborns, and thus, it is thought to be a mediator in the pathogenesis of NDM. Epigenetic modifications have been considered as potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota and susceptibility genes interact with the neonatal immune system. Several epigenome-wide association studies have revealed that GDM is associated with neonatal cord blood and/or placental DNA methylation alterations. However, the mechanisms linking diet in GDM with gut microbiota alterations, which may in turn induce the expression of genes linked to NDM, are yet to be unraveled. Therefore, the focus of this review is to highlight the impacts of diet, gut microbiota, and epigenetic crosstalk on altered gene expression in NDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A Alsharairi
- Heart, Mind & Body Research Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD P.O. Box 4222, Australia
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90
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Kattner AA. When it doesn't run in the blood(vessels) - events involved in vascular disorders. Biomed J 2023; 46:100591. [PMID: 37059363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current issue of the Biomedical Journal the underlying pathology of hemodynamic compromise in acute small subcortical infarction are elucidated. A follow-up study in patients with childhood Kawasaki disease is presented, as well as an insight into the gradually decreasing antigen expression in cases of acute myeloid leukemia. Furthermore this issue provides an exciting update concerning COVID-19 and the use of CRISPR-Cas, a review about computational approaches in the research of kidney stone formation, factors connected to central precocious puberty, and why a rock star of paleogenetics recently received a Nobel Prize. Additionally, this issue contains an article proposing the repurposing of the lung cancer drug Capmatinib, a study of how the gut microbiome develops in neonates, an impulse about the role of the transmembrane protein TMED3 in esophageal carcinoma, and the revelation about how competing endogenous RNA influences ischemic stroke. Lastly, genetic reasons for male infertility are discussed, as well as the relation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease.
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91
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Cao Y, Nguyen LH, Tica S, Otegbeye E, Zong X, Roelstraete B, Chan AT, Warner BB, Stephansson O, Ludvigsson JF. Evaluation of Birth by Cesarean Delivery and Development of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2310316. [PMID: 37103933 PMCID: PMC10140807 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.10316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC), diagnosed younger than 50 years of age, has increased worldwide. Gut dysbiosis throughout the life course is hypothesized as a leading mechanism, yet epidemiologic data are limited. Objective To prospectively examine the association between birth by cesarean delivery and early-onset CRC among offspring. Design, Setting, and Participants In this population-based, nationwide case-control study in Sweden, adults diagnosed with CRC between 18 and 49 years of age from 1991 to 2017 were identified through the Epidemiology Strengthened by Histopathology Reports in Sweden (ESPRESSO) cohort. Up to 5 general population control individuals without CRC were matched with each case on age, sex, calendar year, and county of residence. Pathology-confirmed end points were linked with the Swedish Medical Birth Register and other national registers. Analyses were conducted from March 2022 through March 2023. Exposure Birth by cesarean delivery. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was development of early-onset CRC in the overall population and by sex. Results We identified 564 case patients with incident early-onset CRC (mean [SD] age, 32.9 [6.2] years; 284 [50.4%] male) and 2180 matched controls (mean [SD] age, 32.7 [6.3] years; 1104 [50.6%] male). Compared with vaginal delivery, birth by cesarean delivery was not associated with early-onset CRC in the overall population (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.28; 95% CI, 0.91-1.79) after multivariable adjustment for matching and maternal and pregnancy-related factors. A positive association was found for females (aOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.01-2.60), but there was no association for males (aOR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.64-1.72). Conclusions and Relevance In this nationwide, population-based case-control study, birth by cesarean delivery was not associated with early-onset CRC compared with birth by vaginal delivery in the overall population in Sweden. However, females born by cesarean delivery had greater odds of early-onset CRC compared with individuals born through vaginal delivery. This finding suggests that early-life gut dysbiosis may contribute to early-onset CRC in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Long H. Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Stefani Tica
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Ebunoluwa Otegbeye
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Xiaoyu Zong
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Bjorn Roelstraete
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara B. Warner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Olof Stephansson
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas F. Ludvigsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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92
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Xiao L, Zhao F. Microbial transmission, colonisation and succession: from pregnancy to infancy. Gut 2023; 72:772-786. [PMID: 36720630 PMCID: PMC10086306 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome has been proven to be associated with many diseases and has been used as a biomarker and target in disease prevention and intervention. Currently, the vital role of the microbiome in pregnant women and newborns is increasingly emphasised. In this review, we discuss the interplay of the microbiome and the corresponding immune mechanism between mothers and their offspring during the perinatal period. We aim to present a comprehensive picture of microbial transmission and potential immune imprinting before and after delivery. In addition, we discuss the possibility of in utero microbial colonisation during pregnancy, which has been highly debated in recent studies, and highlight the importance of the microbiome in infant development during the first 3 years of life. This holistic view of the role of the microbial interplay between mothers and infants will refine our current understanding of pregnancy complications as well as diseases in early life and will greatly facilitate the microbiome-based prenatal diagnosis and treatment of mother-infant-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Xiao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of System Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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93
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Li Y, Saraithong P, Zhang L, Dills A, Paster BJ, Xiao J, Wu TT, Jones Z. Dynamics of oral microbiome acquisition in healthy infants: A pilot study. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1152601. [PMID: 37065420 PMCID: PMC10098328 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1152601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The human oral microbiota is one of the most complex bacterial communities in the human body. However, how newborns initially acquire these bacteria remains largely unknown. In this study, we examined the dynamics of oral microbial communities in healthy infants and investigated the influence of the maternal oral microbiota on the acquisition of the infant's oral microbiota. We hypothesized that the infant oral microbial diversity increases with age. Methods One hundred and sixteen whole-salivary samples were collected from 32 healthy infants and their biological mothers during postpartum and 9- and 15-month well-infant visits. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced by Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing (HOMINGS) methods. The Shannon index was used to measure the microbial diversity of the infant-mother dyads (alpha diversity). The microbial diversity between the mother-infant dyads (beta-diversity) was calculated using the weighted non-phylogenetic Bray-Curtis distance in QIIME 1.9.1. Core microbiome analysis was performed using MicrobiomeAnalyst software. Linear discriminant analysis coupled with effect size analysis was used to identify differentially abundant features between mother and infant dyads. Results A total of 6,870,571 16S rRNA reads were generated from paired mother-infant saliva samples. Overall, oral microbial profiles significantly differed between the mother and infant groups (p < 0.001). The diversity of the salivary microbiomes in the infants increased in an age-dependent manner, whereas the core microbiome of the mothers remained relatively stable during the study period. Breastfeeding and gender did not affect the microbial diversity in infants. Moreover, infants had a greater relative abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria than their mothers. The SparCC correlation analysis demonstrated constant changes in infants' oral microbial community network (p < 0.05). Conclusions This study provides new evidence that the oral cavities of infants are colonized by a distinct group of bacterial species at birth. The acquisition and diversity of changes in oral microbial composition are dynamic during the first year of an infant's life. Before reaching the second birthday, the composition of the oral microbial community could be more similar to that of their biological mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Li
- Master of Public Health Program, Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Prakaimuk Saraithong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lanxin Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Ashley Dills
- Family Translational Research Group, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- Molecular Microbiology & Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jin Xiao
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Tong Tong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Zachary Jones
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
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94
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Strachan E, Clemente-Casares X, Tsai S. Maternal provisions in type 1 diabetes: Evidence for both protective & pathogenic potential. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146082. [PMID: 37033940 PMCID: PMC10073710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal influences on the immune health and development of an infant begin in utero and continue well into the postnatal period, shaping and educating the child's maturing immune system. Two maternal provisions include early microbial colonizers to initiate microbiota establishment and the transfer of antibodies from mother to baby. Maternal antibodies are a result of a lifetime of antigenic experience, reflecting the infection history, health and environmental exposure of the mother. These same factors are strong influencers of the microbiota, inexorably linking the two. Together, these provisions help to educate the developing neonatal immune system and shape lymphocyte repertoires, establishing a role for external environmental influences even before birth. In the context of autoimmunity, the transfer of maternal autoantibodies has the potential to be harmful for the child, sometimes targeting tissues and cells with devastating consequences. Curiously, this does not seem to apply to maternal autoantibody transfer in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Moreover, despite the rising prevalence of the disease, little research has been conducted on the effects of maternal dysbiosis or antibody transfer from an affected mother to her offspring and thus their relevance to disease development in the offspring remains unclear. This review seeks to provide a thorough evaluation of the role of maternal microorganisms and antibodies within the context of T1D, exploring both their pathogenic and protective potential. Although a definitive understanding of their significance in infant T1D development remains elusive at present, we endeavor to present what has been learned with the goal of spurring further interest in this important and intriguing question.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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95
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Park JY, Yun H, Lee SB, Kim HJ, Jung YH, Choi CW, Shin JY, Park JS, Seo JS. Comprehensive characterization of maternal, fetal, and neonatal microbiomes supports prenatal colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4652. [PMID: 36944767 PMCID: PMC10030461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to comprehensively characterize the microbiomes of various samples from pregnant women and their neonates, and to explore the similarities and associations between mother-neonate pairs, sample collection sites, and obstetrical factors. We collected samples from vaginal discharge and amniotic fluid in pregnant women and umbilical cord blood, gastric liquid, and meconium from neonates. We identified 19,597,239 bacterial sequences from 641 samples of 141 pregnant women and 178 neonates. By applying rigorous filtering criteria to remove contaminants, we found evidence of microbial colonization in traditionally considered sterile intrauterine environments and the fetal gastrointestinal track. The microbiome distribution was strongly grouped by sample collection site, rather than the mother-neonate pairs. The distinct bacterial composition in meconium, the first stool passed by newborns, supports that microbial colonization occurs during normal pregnancy. The microbiome in neonatal gastric liquid was similar, but not identical, to that in maternal amnionic fluid, as expected since fetuses swallow amnionic fluid in utero and their urine returns to the fluid under normal physiological conditions. Establishing a microbiome library from various samples formed only during pregnancy is crucial for understanding human development and identifying microbiome modifications in obstetrical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Yoon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiyoung Yun
- Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Macrogen Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Been Lee
- Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Macrogen Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwa Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Shin
- Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Macrogen Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Shin Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Sun Seo
- Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
- Macrogen Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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96
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Hughes CL, Hughes GC. Pre-birth acquisition of personhood: Incremental accrual of attributes as the framework for individualization by serial and concurrently acting developmental factors. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2023; 5:1112935. [PMID: 37020713 PMCID: PMC10067861 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2023.1112935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Discrete events and processes influence development of individual humans. Attribution of personhood to any individual human being cannot be disconnected from the underlying biological events and processes of early human development. Nonetheless, the philosophical, sociological and legal components that are integral to the meaning of the term as commonly used cannot be deduced from biology alone. The challenge for biomedical scientists to inform discussion in this arena then rests on profiling the key biological events and processes that must be assessed when considering how one might objectively reason about the task of superimposing the concept of personhood onto the developing biological entity of a potential human being. Endogenous genetic and epigenetic events and exogenous developmental milieu processes diversify developmental trajectories of potential individual humans prior to livebirth. First, fertilization and epigenetic resetting of each individual's organismic clock to time zero (t = 0) at the gastrulation/primitive streak stage (day 15 of embryogenesis), are two discrete unseen biological events that impact a potential individual human's attributes. Second, those two discrete unseen biological events are immersed in the continuous developmental process spanning pre-fertilization and gestation, further driving individualization of diverse attributes of each future human before the third discrete and blatant biological event of parturition and livebirth. Exposures of the gravida to multiple diverse exogenous exposures means that morphogenesis and physiogenesis of every embryo/fetus has individualized attributes for its future human lifespan. Our proposed framework based on the biological discrete events and processes spanning pre-fertilization and prenatal development, implies that personhood should be incrementally attributed, and societal protections should be graduated and applied progressively across the pre-birth timespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude L. Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center and Therapeutic Science and Strategy Unit, IQVIA, Durham, NC, United States
- Correspondence: Claude L. Hughes
| | - Gavin C. Hughes
- Departments of Philosophy and Biology, UNC Neuroscience Center and the BRAIN Initiative Viral Vector Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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97
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Xie J, Tang C, Hong S, Xin Y, Zhang J, Lin Y, Mao L, Xiao Y, Wu Q, Zhang X, Shen H. Maternal vaginal fluids play a major role in the colonization of the neonatal intestinal microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1065884. [PMID: 37009505 PMCID: PMC10061231 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1065884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCaesarean section (CS) is associated with newborns’ health risks due to the blocking of microbiome transfer. The gut microbiota of CS-born babies was different from those born vaginally, which may be attributed to reduced exposure to maternal vaginal microbes during labour. To understand the microbial transfer and reduce CS disadvantages, the effect of vaginal microbiota exposure on infant gut microbiota composition was evaluated using 16s rDNA sequencing-based techniques.ResultsPregnant women were recruited in the Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University from June 1st to August 15th, 2017. Maternal faeces (n = 26), maternal vaginal fluids (n = 26), and neonatal transitional stools (n = 26) were collected, while the participants underwent natural delivery (ND) (n = 6), CS (n = 4) and CS with the intervention of vaginal seedings (I) (n = 16). 26 mothers with the median age 26.50 (25.00-27.25) years showed no substantial clinical differences. The newborns’ gut microbiota altered among ND, CS and I, and clustered into two groups (PERMANOVA P = 0.001). Microbial composition of ND babies shared more features with maternal vaginal samples (PERMANOVA P = 0.065), while the microbiota structure of ND babies was obviously different from that of sample of maternal faeces. The genus Bacteroides in CS-born babies with intervention approached to vaginal-born neonates, compared with CS-born neonates without intervention.ConclusionsNeonatal gut microbiota was dependent on the delivery mode. And the gut microbiota CS newborns with vaginal seeding shared more features with those of ND babies, which hinted the aberrant gut microbiota composition initiated by CS might be partly mitigated by maternal vaginal microbiota exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chen Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shouqiang Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuntian Xin
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lindong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yunshan Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Quanfeng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Heqing Shen, ; Xueqin Zhang,
| | - Heqing Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Heqing Shen, ; Xueqin Zhang,
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98
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Dos Anjos Borges LG, Pastuschek J, Heimann Y, Dawczynski K, Schleußner E, Pieper DH, Zöllkau J. Vaginal and neonatal microbiota in pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes and consecutive early onset neonatal sepsis. BMC Med 2023; 21:92. [PMID: 36907851 PMCID: PMC10009945 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), which is associated with vaginal dysbiosis, is responsible for up to one-third of all preterm births. Consecutive ascending colonization, infection, and inflammation may lead to relevant neonatal morbidity including early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). The present study aims to assess the vaginal microbial composition of PPROM patients and its development under standard antibiotic therapy and to evaluate the usefulness of the vaginal microbiota for the prediction of EONS. It moreover aims to decipher neonatal microbiota at birth as possible mirror of the in utero microbiota. METHODS As part of the PEONS prospective multicenter cohort study, 78 women with PPROM and their 89 neonates were recruited. Maternal vaginal and neonatal pharyngeal, rectal, umbilical cord blood, and meconium microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Significant differences between the sample groups were evaluated using permutational multivariate analysis of variance and differently distributed taxa by the Mann-Whitney test. Potential biomarkers for the prediction of EONS were analyzed using the MetaboAnalyst platform. RESULTS Vaginal microbiota at admission after PPROM were dominated by Lactobacillus spp. Standard antibiotic treatment triggers significant changes in microbial community (relative depletion of Lactobacillus spp. and relative enrichment of Ureaplasma parvum) accompanied by an increase in bacterial diversity, evenness and richness. The neonatal microbiota showed a heterogeneous microbial composition where meconium samples were characterized by specific taxa enriched in this niche. The vaginal microbiota at birth was shown to have the potential to predict EONS with Escherichia/Shigella and Facklamia as risk taxa and Anaerococcus obesiensis and Campylobacter ureolyticus as protective taxa. EONS cases could also be predicted at a reasonable rate from neonatal meconium communities with the protective taxa Bifidobacterium longum, Agathobacter rectale, and S. epidermidis as features. CONCLUSIONS Vaginal and neonatal microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing after PPROM may form the basis of individualized risk assessment for consecutive EONS. Further studies on extended cohorts are necessary to evaluate how far this technique may in future close a diagnostic gap to optimize and personalize the clinical management of PPROM patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03819192, ClinicalTrials.gov. Registered on January 28, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo Dos Anjos Borges
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Jana Pastuschek
- Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Case (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Yvonne Heimann
- Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Case (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Kristin Dawczynski
- Center for Sepsis Control and Case (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Section Neonatology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ekkehard Schleußner
- Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Case (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany.
| | - Janine Zöllkau
- Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Control and Case (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
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99
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Xu Y, Zheng F, Zhong Q, Zhu Y. Ketogenic Diet as a Promising Non-Drug Intervention for Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:1173-1198. [PMID: 37038820 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is mainly characterized by cognitive deficits. Although many studies have been devoted to developing disease-modifying therapies, there has been no effective therapy until now. However, dietary interventions may be a potential strategy to treat AD. The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet with adequate protein. KD increases the levels of ketone bodies, providing an alternative energy source when there is not sufficient energy supply because of impaired glucose metabolism. Accumulating preclinical and clinical studies have shown that a KD is beneficial to AD. The potential underlying mechanisms include improved mitochondrial function, optimization of gut microbiota composition, and reduced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The review provides an update on clinical and preclinical research on the effects of KD or medium-chain triglyceride supplementation on symptoms and pathophysiology in AD. We also detail the potential mechanisms of KD, involving amyloid and tau proteins, neuroinflammation, gut microbiota, oxidative stress, and brain metabolism. We aimed to determine the function of the KD in AD and outline important aspects of the mechanism, providing a reference for the implementation of the KD as a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuxiang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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100
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Mancini VO, Brook J, Hernandez C, Strickland D, Christophersen CT, D'Vaz N, Silva D, Prescott S, Callaghan B, Downs J, Finlay-Jones A. Associations between the human immune system and gut microbiome with neurodevelopment in the first 5 years of life: A systematic scoping review. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22360. [PMID: 36811373 PMCID: PMC10107682 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to map the literature assessing associations between maternal or infant immune or gut microbiome biomarkers and child neurodevelopmental outcomes within the first 5 years of life. We conducted a PRISMA-ScR compliant review of peer-reviewed, English-language journal articles. Studies reporting gut microbiome or immune system biomarkers and child neurodevelopmental outcomes prior to 5 years were eligible. Sixty-nine of 23,495 retrieved studies were included. Of these, 18 reported on the maternal immune system, 40 on the infant immune system, and 13 on the infant gut microbiome. No studies examined the maternal microbiome, and only one study examined biomarkers from both the immune system and the gut microbiome. Additionally, only one study included both maternal and infant biomarkers. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed from 6 days to 5 years. Associations between biomarkers and neurodevelopmental outcomes were largely nonsignificant and small in effect size. While the immune system and gut microbiome are thought to have interactive impacts on the developing brain, there remains a paucity of published studies that report biomarkers from both systems and associations with child development outcomes. Heterogeneity of research designs and methodologies may also contribute to inconsistent findings. Future studies should integrate data across biological systems to generate novel insights into the biological underpinnings of early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent O Mancini
- Early Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Juliet Brook
- Early Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christian Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Deborah Strickland
- Early Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Claus T Christophersen
- WA Human Microbiome Collaboration Centre, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nina D'Vaz
- Early Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Desiree Silva
- Early Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Susan Prescott
- Early Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bridget Callaghan
- Brain and Body Lab, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jenny Downs
- Early Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amy Finlay-Jones
- Early Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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