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Associations between sleep and lifestyle behaviours among Australian nursing students: A cross-sectional study. Collegian 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Lamon S, Morabito A, Arentson-Lantz E, Knowles O, Vincent GE, Condo D, Alexander SE, Garnham A, Paddon-Jones D, Aisbett B. The effect of acute sleep deprivation on skeletal muscle protein synthesis and the hormonal environment. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14660. [PMID: 33400856 PMCID: PMC7785053 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep loss is a potent catabolic stressor, increasing the risk of metabolic dysfunction and loss of muscle mass and function. To provide mechanistic insight into these clinical outcomes, we sought to determine if acute sleep deprivation blunts skeletal muscle protein synthesis and promotes a catabolic environment. Healthy young adults (N = 13; seven male, six female) were subjected to one night of total sleep deprivation (DEP) and normal sleep (CON) in a randomized cross‐over design. Anabolic and catabolic hormonal profiles were assessed across the following day. Postprandial muscle protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) was assessed between 13:00 and 15:00 and gene markers of muscle protein degradation were assessed at 13:00. Acute sleep deprivation reduced muscle protein synthesis by 18% (CON: 0.072 ± 0.015% vs. DEP: 0.059 ± 0.014%·h‐1, p = .040). In addition, sleep deprivation increased plasma cortisol by 21% (p = .030) and decreased plasma testosterone by 24% (p = .029). No difference was found in the markers of protein degradation. A single night of total sleep deprivation is sufficient to induce anabolic resistance and a procatabolic environment. These acute changes may represent mechanistic precursors driving the metabolic dysfunction and body composition changes associated with chronic sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Aimee Morabito
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Emily Arentson-Lantz
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Olivia Knowles
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Dominique Condo
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Center for Sport Research (CSR), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sarah Elizabeth Alexander
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Douglas Paddon-Jones
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Brad Aisbett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Saner NJ, Lee MJC, Kuang J, Pitchford NW, Roach GD, Garnham A, Genders AJ, Stokes T, Schroder EA, Huo Z, Esser KA, Phillips SM, Bishop DJ, Bartlett JD. Exercise mitigates sleep-loss-induced changes in glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function, sarcoplasmic protein synthesis, and diurnal rhythms. Mol Metab 2021; 43:101110. [PMID: 33137489 PMCID: PMC7704425 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep loss has emerged as a risk factor for the development of impaired glucose tolerance. The mechanisms underpinning this observation are unknown; however, both mitochondrial dysfunction and circadian misalignment have been proposed. Because exercise improves glucose tolerance and mitochondrial function, and alters circadian rhythms, we investigated whether exercise may counteract the effects induced by inadequate sleep. METHODS To minimize between-group differences of baseline characteristics, 24 healthy young males were allocated into one of the three experimental groups: a Normal Sleep (NS) group (8 h time in bed (TIB) per night, for five nights), a Sleep Restriction (SR) group (4 h TIB per night, for five nights), and a Sleep Restriction and Exercise group (SR+EX) (4 h TIB per night, for five nights and three high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) sessions). Glucose tolerance, mitochondrial respiratory function, sarcoplasmic protein synthesis (SarcPS), and diurnal measures of peripheral skin temperature were assessed pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS We report that the SR group had reduced glucose tolerance post-intervention (mean change ± SD, P value, SR glucose AUC: 149 ± 115 A.U., P = 0.002), which was also associated with reductions in mitochondrial respiratory function (SR: -15.9 ± 12.4 pmol O2.s-1.mg-1, P = 0.001), a lower rate of SarcPS (FSR%/day SR: 1.11 ± 0.25%, P < 0.001), and reduced amplitude of diurnal rhythms. These effects were not observed when incorporating three sessions of HIIE during this period (SR+EX: glucose AUC 67 ± 57, P = 0.239, mitochondrial respiratory function: 0.6 ± 11.8 pmol O2.s-1.mg-1, P = 0.997, and SarcPS (FSR%/day): 1.77 ± 0.22%, P = 0.971). CONCLUSIONS A five-night period of sleep restriction leads to reductions in mitochondrial respiratory function, SarcPS, and amplitude of skin temperature diurnal rhythms, with a concurrent reduction in glucose tolerance. We provide novel data demonstrating that these same detrimental effects are not observed when HIIE is performed during the period of sleep restriction. These data therefore provide evidence in support of the use of HIIE as an intervention to mitigate the detrimental physiological effects of sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Saner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Sports Cardiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Matthew J-C Lee
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nathan W Pitchford
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; Sport Performance Optimization Research Team, School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Gregory D Roach
- Appleton Institute for Behavioral Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda J Genders
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tanner Stokes
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Schroder
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | | | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Muhammad HFL, Pratama SA, Sulistyoningrum DC, Hartono MN, Huriyati E, Lee YY, Muda WAMW. The impact of sleep quality and duration on leptin, appetite, and obesity indices in adults. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2020. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.oa.203707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sleep duration and quality were previously reported to increase the risk of obesity. This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of sleep quality and duration on leptin, appetite, and adiposity in Indonesian adults.
METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited adults in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in 2016. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, appetite was evaluated using the community nutrition appetite questionnaire, and dietary intake was assessed by interviews using the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Sleep duration was also asked. Obesity indices were measured using the body mass index (BMI), waist-hip circumference, and percentage of body fat. Leptin was analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A Spearman analysis was done to evaluate the correlation between sleep quality, sleep duration, anthropometric measures, dietary intake, appetite, and leptin.
RESULTS 244 adults participated in this study. This study showed that lower sleep quality and duration was significantly correlated with higher body weight (r = 0.129, p = 0.043 and r = −0.228, p<0.001), BMI (r = 0.176, p = 0.006 and r = −0.202, p = 0.001), and waist circumference (r = 0.179, p = 0.005 and r = −0.254, p<0.001). There was a correlation between poor sleep quality and higher leptin concentration (r = 0.186, p = 0.004). Sleep quality and duration were not associated with appetite (r = 0.109, p = 0.109 and r = −0.043, p = 0.500).
CONCLUSIONS This study found that lower sleep quality was correlated with higher BMI, higher leptin concentration, but not appetite.
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Griggs S, Redeker NS, Jeon S, Grey M. Daily variations in sleep and glucose in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2020; 21:1493-1501. [PMID: 32902901 PMCID: PMC7642150 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We used multilevel models (MLMs) to determine person (between-persons) and day level (within-person) associations between glucose variability indices and sleep characteristics in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS Adolescents with T1D (Mean age 13.4 ± 1.8 years; 37.8% male; mean HbA1c 8.2 ± 1.2%, 66 mmol/mol) monitored their sleep and glucose patterns concurrently for 3-7 days with a wrist actigraph on their non-dominant wrist and a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) (their own or a provided, blinded CGM). Glucose variability indices included J index, coefficient of variation, low and high blood glucose risk indices (LBGI and HBGI), time in range, and sleep characteristics, including bedtime, wake time, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, awakenings, and sleep fragmentation index. RESULTS More overall glucose variability was associated within person, more sleep disruptions (more awakenings and more fragmentation) or poorer sleep in our study (earlier wake time or longer wake after sleep onset). Also, more time spent in hypoglycemia <70 mg/dL and a higher LBGI was associated within person with earlier wake time indicating poorer sleep. However, a lower LBGI was associated with a later between-persons wake time. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring over a longer period of time in subsequent studies would allow researchers to determine the within person association between habitual short sleep duration and glucose variability. Providers should regularly assess sleep habits in adolescents as a way to improve glycemic control. Targeting a euglycemic range overnight is also important to promote better sleep and to decrease sleep disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Griggs
- Instructor of Nursing, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Nancy S. Redeker
- Beatrice Renfield Term Professor of Nursing & Professor of Medicine, Yale University, School of Nursing and School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut, USA 06477
| | - Sangchoon Jeon
- Research Scientist, Yale University, School of Nursing, West Haven, Connecticut, USA 06477
| | - Margaret Grey
- Annie Goodrich Professor of Nursing and Professor of Pediatrics, Yale University, School of Nursing and School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut, USA 06477
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56
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Lin J, Jiang Y, Wang G, Meng M, Zhu Q, Mei H, Liu S, Jiang F. Associations of short sleep duration with appetite-regulating hormones and adipokines: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13051. [PMID: 32537891 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to summarize and assess whether short sleep duration is associated with appetite-regulating hormones and adipokine levels. Reference databases were searched for studies related to sleep and appetite-regulating hormones and adipokines. Qualitative and quantitative syntheses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and the level of appetite-regulating hormones and adipokines, including leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, resistin, and orexin. Twenty-one of 3536 studies, covering a total of 2250 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin were included in the meta-analysis. Ghrelin levels were higher in the short sleep group (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.14, 95% CI [0.03, 0.25], p = 0.01). Significant differences between the short sleep group and recommended sleep group were also noted in leptin level experimental subgroup studies (SMD = 0.19, 95% CI [0.03, 0.35], p = 0.02) and ghrelin level cross-sectional subgroup studies (SMD = 0.14, 95% CI [0.02, 0.27], p = 0.03). A rise in leptin and ghrelin levels were also observed in sleep deprivation groups (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI [0.10, 0.39], p = 0.001 and SMD = 0.18, 95% CI [0.04, 0.33], p = 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, short sleep duration is associated with an increased ghrelin level, while sleep deprivation had a significant effect on the levels of both leptin and ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Lin
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanrui Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghai Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Meng
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Mei
- Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Data Science, School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Shijian Liu
- Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Children Health Advocacy Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kim DJ, Mun SJ, Choi JS, Kim J, Lee GH, Kim HW, Park MG, Cho JW. Beneficial effects of weekend catch-up sleep on metabolic syndrome in chronic short sleepers. Sleep Med 2020; 76:26-32. [PMID: 33069999 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Short sleep duration has been known to be related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) . The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of weekend catch-up sleep (WCUS) on MetS in the Korean middle-aged population. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, 1,812 participants aged 35-60 years were selected from the 2016-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (mean age 46.94 years, 49% male). Short sleep duration was defined as <6hrs on weekdays, and participants were divided into two groups: WCUS group and no weekend catch-up sleep group. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the association between WCUS and MetS prevalence. The covariates included age, sex, education, income, occupation, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. RESULTS WCUS was significantly associated with lower MetS prevalence in the unadjusted model and in the model adjusted for socioeconomic and health behavior factors. CONCLUSION These results support the beneficial effects of WCUS on lowering the risk of MetS among middle-aged chronic short sleepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Sue Jean Mun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jeong Su Choi
- Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Gha-Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Min-Gyu Park
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jae Wook Cho
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea.
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Wrzosek M, Woźniak J, Włodarek D. The causes of adverse changes of testosterone levels in men. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2020; 15:355-362. [PMID: 33076711 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2020.1813020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As men age, progressive testosterone deficiency syndrome becomes an increasingly common problem. However, the decreased testosterone levels are not only the result of advanced age. AREAS COVERED PubMed search of published data on testosterone, nutritional deficiency, stress, sleep, and obesity. Many factors impact the male HPG axis (the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal), including body weight, calorific and nutritional value of a diet, the amount and quality of sleep, as well as the level of stress. In the case of persons of healthy weight, a below-average calorific value of a diet may decrease the levels of testosterone in men. On the other hand, the same caloric deficiency in obese persons may result in a neutral or positive impact on testosterone levels. EXPERT OPINION Many factors, including external, environmental and internal factors, influence testosterone levels. Undoubtedly, nutritional deficiency, and particularly of such nutrients as zinc, magnesium, vitamin D, together with low polyphenols intake, affects the HPG axis. The levels of mental and oxidative stress can also adversely impact the axis. Hence, a diagnosis of the cause of disturbance in testosterone levels depends on many factors and requires a broad range of research, as well as a change of patients' lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wrzosek
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW) , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Woźniak
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW) , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Włodarek
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW) , Warsaw, Poland
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Mochón-Benguigui S, Carneiro-Barrera A, Castillo MJ, Amaro-Gahete FJ. Is Sleep Associated with the S-Klotho Anti-Aging Protein in Sedentary Middle-Aged Adults? The FIT-AGEING Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080738. [PMID: 32806634 PMCID: PMC7463654 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep and Klotho have both been closely related to the ageing process, both playing a substantial role in the endocrine and immune systems and, thereby, in oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. However, there are no studies elucidating the relationship between sleep and Klotho. Therefore, this study investigated the association of sleep quantity and quality with the shed form of the α-Klotho gene (S-Klotho plasma levels) in sedentary middle-aged adults. A total of 74 volunteers (52.7% women; aged 53.7 ± 5.1) were recruited for the present study. Objective sleep quality parameters (total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE)) were determined using a wrist-worn accelerometer over seven consecutive days, and the subjective sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality). The S-Klotho plasma levels were measured in the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plasma using a solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Objective sleep parameters were associated with the S-Klotho plasma levels only after including the age, fat mass percentage, and lean mass index as covariates. A direct relationship was observed between the subjective sleep quality (inverse of PSQI scores) and the S-Klotho plasma levels in sedentary middle-aged adults. Improving sleep quantity and quality could be considered an anti-aging therapeutic approach for the prevention, slowing, and even reversal of the physiological decline and degenerative pathologies that are certainly related to the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Mochón-Benguigui
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (S.M.-B.); (F.J.A.-G.)
| | - Almudena Carneiro-Barrera
- Sleep and Health Promotion Laboratory, Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
| | - Manuel J. Castillo
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (S.M.-B.); (F.J.A.-G.)
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Vincent GE, Gupta CC, Sprajcer M, Vandelanotte C, Duncan MJ, Tucker P, Lastella M, Tuckwell GA, Ferguson SA. Are prolonged sitting and sleep restriction a dual curse for the modern workforce? a randomised controlled trial protocol. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e040613. [PMID: 32718927 PMCID: PMC7389768 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prolonged sitting and inadequate sleep are a growing concern in society and are associated with impairments to cardiometabolic health and cognitive performance. However, the combined effect of prolonged sitting and inadequate sleep on measures of health and cognitive performance are unknown. In addition, the circadian disruption caused by shiftwork may further impact workers' cardiometabolic health and cognitive performance. This protocol paper outlines the methodology for exploring the impact of simultaneous exposure to prolonged sitting, sleep restriction and circadian disruption on cardiometabolic and cognitive performance outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This between-subjects study will recruit 208 males and females to complete a 7-day in-laboratory experimental protocol (1 Adaptation Day, 5 Experimental Days and 1 Recovery Day). Participants will be allocated to one of eight conditions that include all possible combinations of the following: dayshift or nightshift, sitting or breaking up sitting and 5 hour or 9 hour sleep opportunity. On arrival to the laboratory, participants will be provided with a 9 hour baseline sleep opportunity (22:00 to 07:00) and complete five simulated work shifts (09:00 to 17:30 in the dayshift condition and 22:00 to 06:30 in the nightshift condition) followed by a 9 hour recovery sleep opportunity (22:00 to 07:00). During the work shifts participants in the sitting condition will remain seated, while participants in the breaking up sitting condition will complete 3-min bouts of light-intensity walking every 30 mins on a motorised treadmill. Sleep opportunities will be 9 hour or 5 hour. Primary outcome measures include continuously measured interstitial blood glucose, heart rate and blood pressure, and a cognitive performance and self-perceived capacity testing battery completed five times per shift. Analyses will be conducted using linear mixed models. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The CQUniversity Human Ethics Committee has approved this study (0000021914). All participants who have already completed the protocol have provided informed consent. Study findings will be disseminated via scientific publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION DETAILS This study has been registered on Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (12619001516178) and is currently in the pre-results stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Vincent
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University - Adelaide Campus, Wayville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Charlotte C Gupta
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University - Adelaide Campus, Wayville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Madeline Sprajcer
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University - Adelaide Campus, Wayville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mitch J Duncan
- School of Medicine & Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Phil Tucker
- Psychology Department, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stocklholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michele Lastella
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University - Adelaide Campus, Wayville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Georgia A Tuckwell
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University - Adelaide Campus, Wayville, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University - Adelaide Campus, Wayville, South Australia, Australia
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61
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Guerra PC, Santaella DF, D'Almeida V, Santos-Silva R, Tufik S, Len CA. Yogic meditation improves objective and subjective sleep quality of healthcare professionals. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 40:101204. [PMID: 32891281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate the impact of yogic meditation in sleep quality of healthy pediatric healthcare professionals. METHOD Subjects were randomized into a meditation group (MG, n = 32), who attended a yogic meditation class held for eight weeks, or a control group (CG, n = 32). Polysomnography (PSG) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were determined at baseline and after eight weeks. RESULTS The PSQI overall score was lower (p = 0.024) in the MG. Reported sleep latency (p = 0.046) and MG sleep latency (p = 0.028) were lower in the MG at eight weeks. PSG showed a time effect (p = 0.020) on decreasing minutes of wake after sleep onset in the MG. There were strong and significant correlations between PSG and PSQI variables. There was a significant time effect on heart rate (p = 0.001) in the MG. CONCLUSION Yogic meditation may be used as an integrative health tool to foster improvements in the health-related aspects of healthcare professionals' lives. TRIAL REGISTRATION CinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02947074; trial registry name: Meditation Practice in Pediatric Healthcare Professionals: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Caetano Guerra
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Borges Lagoa 802, CEP 04038-001, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo F Santaella
- Sports Center, University of São Paulo (CEPEUSP), Rua Rio Doce 27, CEP 06350-030, Brazil
| | - Vania D'Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 3rd, Floor, CEP 04024-002, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Santos-Silva
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 3rd, Floor, CEP 04024-002, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros 925, 3rd, Floor, CEP 04024-002, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Arnaldo Len
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Borges Lagoa 802, CEP 04038-001, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hot, Tired and Hungry: The Snacking Behaviour and Food Cravings of Firefighters During Multi-Day Simulated Wildfire Suppression. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041160. [PMID: 32326354 PMCID: PMC7230571 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Firefighters are exposed to numerous stressors during wildfire suppression, including working in hot temperatures and sleep restricted conditions. Research has shown that when sleep restricted, individuals choose foods higher in carbohydrates, fat, and sugar, and have increased cravings for calorie dense foods. However, there is currently no research on the combined effect of heat and sleep restriction on snacking behaviour. Conducting secondary analyses from a larger study, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of heat and sleep restriction on snacking behaviour and food cravings. Sixty-six firefighters completed three days of simulated physically demanding firefighting work and were randomly allocated to either the control (n = 18, CON; 19 °C, 8 h sleep opportunity), sleep restricted (n = 16, SR; 19 °C, 4-h sleep opportunity), hot (n = 18, HOT; 33 °C, 8 h sleep opportunity), or hot and sleep restricted (n = 14 HOT + SR; 33 °C, 4-h sleep opportunity) condition. During rest periods firefighters were able to self-select sweet, savoury, or healthy snacks from a ration pack and were asked to rate their hunger, fullness, and cravings every two hours (eating block). Mixed model analyses revealed no difference in total energy intake between conditions, however there was a significant interaction between eating block and condition, with those in the CON, HOT, and HOT + SR condition consuming significantly more energy between 1230 and 1430 compared to the SR condition (p = 0.002). Sleep restriction and heat did not impact feelings of hunger and fullness across the day, and did not lead to greater cravings for snacks, with no differences between conditions. These findings suggest that under various simulated firefighting conditions, it is not the amount of food that differs but the timing of food intake, with those that are required to work in hot conditions while sleep restricted more likely to consume food between 1230 and 1430. This has potential implications for the time of day in which a greater amount of food should be available for firefighters.
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63
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Nollet M, Wisden W, Franks NP. Sleep deprivation and stress: a reciprocal relationship. Interface Focus 2020; 10:20190092. [PMID: 32382403 PMCID: PMC7202382 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2019.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is highly conserved across evolution, suggesting vital biological functions that are yet to be fully understood. Animals and humans experiencing partial sleep restriction usually exhibit detrimental physiological responses, while total and prolonged sleep loss could lead to death. The perturbation of sleep homeostasis is usually accompanied by an increase in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity, leading to a rise in circulating levels of stress hormones (e.g. cortisol in humans, corticosterone in rodents). Such hormones follow a circadian release pattern under undisturbed conditions and participate in the regulation of sleep. The investigation of the consequences of sleep deprivation, from molecular changes to behavioural alterations, has been used to study the fundamental functions of sleep. However, the reciprocal relationship between sleep and the activity of the HPA axis is problematic when investigating sleep using traditional sleep-deprivation protocols that can induce stress per se. This is especially true in studies using rodents in which sleep deprivation is achieved by exogenous, and potentially stressful, sensory–motor stimulations that can undoubtedly confuse their conclusions. While more research is needed to explore the mechanisms underlying sleep loss and health, avoiding stress as a confounding factor in sleep-deprivation studies is therefore crucial. This review examines the evidence of the intricate links between sleep and stress in the context of experimental sleep deprivation, and proposes a more sophisticated research framework for sleep-deprivation procedures that could benefit from recent progress in biotechnological tools for precise neuromodulation, such as chemogenetics and optogenetics, as well as improved automated real-time sleep-scoring algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Nollet
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK.,Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas P Franks
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK.,Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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64
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Saner NJ, Lee MJC, Pitchford NW, Kuang J, Roach GD, Garnham A, Stokes T, Phillips SM, Bishop DJ, Bartlett JD. The effect of sleep restriction, with or without high-intensity interval exercise, on myofibrillar protein synthesis in healthy young men. J Physiol 2020; 598:1523-1536. [PMID: 32078168 PMCID: PMC7217042 DOI: 10.1113/jp278828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points Sleep restriction has previously been associated with the loss of muscle mass in both human and animal models. The rate of myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) is a key variable in regulating skeletal muscle mass and can be increased by performing high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE), although the effect of sleep restriction on MyoPS is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that participants undergoing a sleep restriction protocol (five nights, with 4 h in bed each night) had lower rates of skeletal muscle MyoPS; however, rates of MyoPS were maintained at control levels by performing HIIE during this period. Our data suggest that the lower rates of MyoPS in the sleep restriction group may contribute to the detrimental effects of sleep loss on muscle mass and that HIIE may be used as an intervention to counteract these effects.
Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the effect of sleep restriction, with or without high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE), on the potential mechanisms underpinning previously‐reported sleep‐loss‐induced reductions to muscle mass. Twenty‐four healthy, young men underwent a protocol consisting of two nights of controlled baseline sleep and a five‐night intervention period. Participants were allocated into one of three parallel groups, matched for age, V˙O2peak, body mass index and habitual sleep duration; a normal sleep (NS) group [8 h time in bed (TIB) each night], a sleep restriction (SR) group (4 h TIB each night), and a sleep restriction and exercise group (SR+EX, 4 h TIB each night, with three sessions of HIIE). Deuterium oxide was ingested prior to commencing the study and muscle biopsies obtained pre‐ and post‐intervention were used to assess myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) and molecular markers of protein synthesis and degradation signalling pathways. MyoPS was lower in the SR group [fractional synthetic rate (% day–1), mean ± SD, 1.24 ± 0.21] compared to both the NS (1.53 ± 0.09) and SR+EX groups (1.61 ± 0.14) (P < 0.05). However, there were no changes in the purported regulators of protein synthesis (i.e. p‐AKTser473 and p‐mTORser2448) and degradation (i.e. Foxo1/3 mRNA and LC3 protein) in any group. These data suggest that MyoPS is acutely reduced by sleep restriction, although MyoPS can be maintained by performing HIIE. These findings may explain the sleep‐loss‐induced reductions in muscle mass previously reported and also highlight the potential therapeutic benefit of HIIE to maintain myofibrillar remodelling in this context. Sleep restriction has previously been associated with the loss of muscle mass in both human and animal models. The rate of myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) is a key variable in regulating skeletal muscle mass and can be increased by performing high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE), although the effect of sleep restriction on MyoPS is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that participants undergoing a sleep restriction protocol (five nights, with 4 h in bed each night) had lower rates of skeletal muscle MyoPS; however, rates of MyoPS were maintained at control levels by performing HIIE during this period. Our data suggest that the lower rates of MyoPS in the sleep restriction group may contribute to the detrimental effects of sleep loss on muscle mass and that HIIE may be used as an intervention to counteract these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Saner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew J-C Lee
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nathan W Pitchford
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Sport Performance Optimisation Research Team, School of Human Life Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gregory D Roach
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tanner Stokes
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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65
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Sparks JR, Porter RR, Youngstedt SD, Bowyer KP, Durstine JL, Wang X. Effects of moderate sleep restriction during 8-week calorie restriction on lipoprotein particles and glucose metabolism. SLEEP ADVANCES 2020; 1:zpab001. [PMID: 33644759 PMCID: PMC7898726 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
This study examined how glucose, glucose regulatory hormones, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein subclass particle concentrations and sizes change with sleep restriction during weight loss elicited by calorie restriction.
Methods
Overweight or obese adults were randomized into an 8-week calorie restriction intervention alone (CR, n = 12; 75% female; body mass index = 31.4 ± 2.9 kg/m2) or combined with sleep restriction (CR+SR, n = 16; 75% female; body mass index = 34.5 ± 3.1 kg/m2). Participants in both groups were given the same instructions to reduce calorie intake. Those in the CR+SR group were instructed to reduce their habitual time-in-bed by 30–90 minutes 5 days each week with 2 ad libitum sleep days. Fasting venous blood samples were collected at pre- and post-intervention.
Results
Differential changes were found between the two groups (p = 0.028 for group × time interaction) in glucagon concentration, which decreased in the CR group (p = 0.016) but did not change in CR+SR group. Although changes in mean HDL particle (HDL-P) size and visfatin concentration were not statistically different between groups (p = 0.066 and 0.066 for group×time interaction, respectively), mean HDL-P size decreased only in the CR+SR group (Cohen’s d = 0.50, p = 0.022); visfatin concentrations did not change significantly in either group but appeared to decrease in the CR group (Cohen’s d = 0.67, p = 0.170) but not in the CR+SR group (Cohen’s d = 0.43, p = 0.225).
Conclusion
These results suggest that moderate sleep restriction, despite the presence of periodic ad libitum sleep, influences lipoprotein subclass particles and glucose regulation in individuals undergoing calorie restriction.
Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02413866, Weight Outlooks by Restriction of Diet and Sleep)
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Sparks
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Ryan R Porter
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Shawn D Youngstedt
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Kimberly P Bowyer
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - J Larry Durstine
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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66
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Iranpour S, Kheirabadi GR, Mansouri K, Adineh HA, Maracy MR. Association Between Caffeine Intake and Sleep Quality in the Postpartum Period: A Population-Based Study. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2019.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Iranpour
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Kheirabadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mansouri
- Hospital of Fatemi, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Adineh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Maracy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Dissi M, Ibrahim S, Tanko Y, Mohammed A. Models of modern-day circadian rhythm disruption and their diabetogenic potentials in adult male Wistar rats. SAUDI JOURNAL FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/sjhs.sjhs_69_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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68
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Iyegha ID, Chieh AY, Bryant BM, Li L. Associations between poor sleep and glucose intolerance in prediabetes. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 110:104444. [PMID: 31546116 PMCID: PMC6981225 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the association between sleep quality and glucose metabolism among people with prediabetes, and to explore the potential pathways linking poor sleep to glucose intolerance. METHODS One hundred fifty-five females and males, Caucasians and African Americans, aged 19-70 completed the study for data analysis. All participants were assessed for sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Fasting glucose and 2-h glucose levels were collected via a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and used to define prediabetes. Participants provided blood samples for measuring inflammatory markers. Associations were conducted using Pearson's correlation with adjustments for gender, age, and body mass index (BMI). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied to compare the two groups, prediabetes group versus the control group, after controlling for gender, age, and BMI. Regression was used to investigate predictive power of sleep subscales for inflammatory factors and glucose levels. RESULTS More people with prediabetes suffered from poor sleep than in the normal glucose group (62% vs. 46%). The OGTT measures, i.e. fasting glucose and 2-h glucose levels, correlated with PSQI measures, but these associations did not maintain statistical significance after adjusting for gender, age, and BMI. The C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were greater in the prediabetes group than the normal glucose group (0.37 ± 0.07 vs. 0.18 ± 0.06 mg/L). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between sleep disturbance and CRP levels (r = 0.30, p = 0.04). Regression analysis found that sleep disturbance predicted CRP levels and significance remained after adding covariates (β = 0.20, p = 0.04). No significant difference was observed in other measured inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), between the two groups. CONCLUSION Prediabetes is positively associated with poor sleep. Increased CRP levels may be a potential underlying mechanism of this association between prediabetes and poor sleep which warrants further study. Our findings highlight the importance for clinicians to evaluate sleep quality as part of preventing the onset of future diabetes in this particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, United States of America.
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69
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Grote V, Levnajić Z, Puff H, Ohland T, Goswami N, Frühwirth M, Moser M. Dynamics of Vagal Activity Due to Surgery and Subsequent Rehabilitation. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1116. [PMID: 31827417 PMCID: PMC6849369 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vagal activity is critical for maintaining key body functions, including the stability of inflammatory control. Its weakening, such as in the aftermatch of a surgery, leaves the body vulnerable to diverse inflammatory conditions, including sepsis. Methods Vagal activity can be measured by the cardiorespiratory interaction known as respiratory sinus arrhythmia or high-frequency heart-rate variability (HRV). We examined the vagal dynamics before, during and after an orthopedic surgery. 39 patients had their HRV measured around the period of operation and during subsequent rehabilitation. Measurements were done during 24 h circadian cycles on ten specific days. For each patient, the circadian vagal activity was calculated from HRV data. Results Our results confirm the deteriorating effect of surgery on vagal activity. Patients with stronger pre-operative vagal activity suffer greater vagal withdrawal during the peri-operative phase, but benefit from stronger improvements during post-operative period, especially during the night. Rehabilitation seems not only to efficiently restore the vagal activity to pre-operative level, but in some cases to actually improve it. Discussion Our findings indicate that orthopedic rehabilitation has the potential to strengthen the vagal activity and hence boost inflammatory control. We conclude that providing a patient with a vagal reinforcement procedure prior to the surgery (“pre-habilitation”) might be a beneficial strategy against post-operative complications. The study also shows the clinical usefulness of quantifying the cardiorespiratory interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Grote
- Human Research Institute, Weiz, Austria.,Orthopedic Rehabilitation Center, Humanomed Center Althofen, Althofen, Austria.,Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zoran Levnajić
- Complex Systems and Data Science Lab, Faculty of Information Studies in Novo Mesto, Novo Mesto, Slovenia
| | - Henry Puff
- Orthopedic Rehabilitation Center, Humanomed Center Althofen, Althofen, Austria
| | - Tanja Ohland
- Orthopedic Rehabilitation Center, Humanomed Center Althofen, Althofen, Austria
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Maximilian Moser
- Human Research Institute, Weiz, Austria.,Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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70
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Shaw E, Leung GKW, Jong J, Coates AM, Davis R, Blair M, Huggins CE, Dorrian J, Banks S, Kellow NJ, Bonham MP. The Impact of Time of Day on Energy Expenditure: Implications for Long-Term Energy Balance. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2383. [PMID: 31590425 PMCID: PMC6835928 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence to indicate that the central biological clock (i.e., our endogenous circadian system) plays a role in physiological processes in the body that impact energy regulation and metabolism. Cross-sectional data suggest that energy consumption later in the day and during the night is associated with weight gain. These findings have led to speculation that when, as well as what, we eat may be important for maintaining energy balance. Emerging literature suggests that prioritising energy intake to earlier during the day may help with body weight maintenance. Evidence from tightly controlled acute experimental studies indicates a disparity in the body's ability to utilise (expend) energy equally across the day and night. Energy expenditure both at rest (resting metabolic rate) and after eating (thermic effect of food) is typically more efficient earlier during the day. In this review, we discuss the key evidence for a circadian pattern in energy utilisation and balance, which depends on meal timing. Whilst there is limited evidence that simply prioritising energy intake to earlier in the day is an effective strategy for weight loss, we highlight the potential benefits of considering the role of meal timing for improving metabolic health and energy balance. This review demonstrates that to advance our understanding of the contribution of the endogenous circadian system toward energy balance, targeted studies that utilise appropriate methodologies are required that focus on meal timing and frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Shaw
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia.
| | - Gloria K W Leung
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia.
| | - Jessica Jong
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia.
| | - Alison M Coates
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5072, Australia.
| | - Rochelle Davis
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia.
| | - Merran Blair
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia.
| | - Catherine E Huggins
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia.
| | - Jillian Dorrian
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5072, Australia.
| | - Siobhan Banks
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5072, Australia.
| | - Nicole J Kellow
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia.
| | - Maxine P Bonham
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia.
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Liu PY. A Clinical Perspective of Sleep and Andrological Health: Assessment, Treatment Considerations, and Future Research. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4398-4417. [PMID: 31042277 PMCID: PMC6735730 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sleep that is insufficient, misaligned, or disrupted causes hypersomnolence and neuropsychological deficits, adversely affects cardiometabolic health, and is increasingly recognized to impair other biological processes that lead to conditions important to men, such as hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Literature review from 1970 to December 2018. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS High-quality and complementary epidemiological and interventional studies establish that abnormal sleep is associated with increased mortality, hypertension, and other cardiometabolic disorders (insufficient, disrupted, and misaligned sleep), as well as reduced fecundity and total sperm count (insufficient sleep), erectile dysfunction (disrupted sleep), and low testosterone (both). Circadian misalignment shifts the peak of testosterone's diurnal rhythm to occur soon after waking up, irrespective of the biological clock time, but it does not change the mean concentration. Preliminary studies show that extending sleep in individuals who are chronically sleep deprived may become a strategy to reduce insulin resistance and hypertension. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy can improve erectile function, and possibly systemic testosterone exposure, but only when used adherently by men with obstructive sleep apnea. Both high-dose and replacement-dose testosterone therapies modestly worsen sleep-disordered breathing, but they also improve cardiometabolic function and sexual desire. Persistence of either the adverse or beneficial outcomes over the longer term requires further investigation. CONCLUSIONS Sleep is increasingly recognized to be essential for healthy living. Establishing the effect of abnormal sleep, and of improving sleep, on andrological issues of prime interest to men will promote prioritization of sleep, and may thereby improve overall long-term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Peter Y. Liu, PhD, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, 1124 West Carson Street, Box 446, Torrance, California 90502. E-mail:
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72
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Does Weekend Catch-up Sleep Affect High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels Among Korean Workers?: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KNHANES. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 61:e367-e373. [PMID: 31490324 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether weekend catch-up sleep (CUS) influenced serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in workers. METHODS We analyzed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016) data from 3304 workers. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals based on serum hs-CRP cut-off values of 1.0 and 3.0 mg/L, respectively. RESULTS We found that at least 1-hour and less than 2 hours of weekend CUS reduced the risk of elevated hs-CRP levels (odds ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.99) in multivariate logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION CUS may reduce serum hs-CRP levels in workers, thereby reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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73
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Ness KM, Strayer SM, Nahmod NG, Schade MM, Chang AM, Shearer GC, Buxton OM. Four nights of sleep restriction suppress the postprandial lipemic response and decrease satiety. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1935-1945. [PMID: 31484696 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p094375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep restriction, or inadequate sleep, is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. Laboratory studies demonstrate that sleep restriction causes impaired whole-body insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal. Evidence suggests that inadequate sleep also impairs adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and the NEFA rebound during intravenous glucose tolerance tests, yet no studies have examined the effects of sleep restriction on high-fat meal lipemia. We assessed the effect of 5 h time in bed (TIB) per night for four consecutive nights on postprandial lipemia following a standardized high-fat dinner (HFD). Furthermore, we assessed whether one night of recovery sleep (10 h TIB) was sufficient to restore postprandial metabolism to baseline. We found that postprandial triglyceride (TG) area under the curve was suppressed by sleep restriction (P = 0.01), but returned to baseline values following one night of recovery. Sleep restriction decreased NEFAs throughout the HFD (P = 0.02) and NEFAs remained suppressed in the recovery condition (P = 0.04). Sleep restriction also decreased participant-reported fullness or satiety (P = 0.03), and decreased postprandial interleukin-6 (P < 0.01). Our findings indicate that four nights of 5 h TIB per night impair postprandial lipemia and that one night of recovery sleep may be adequate for recovery of TG metabolism, but not for markers of adipocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Ness
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.,Departments of Biobehavioral Health Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.,Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Stephen M Strayer
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.,Departments of Biobehavioral Health Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Nicole G Nahmod
- Departments of Biobehavioral Health Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Margeaux M Schade
- Departments of Biobehavioral Health Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Anne-Marie Chang
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.,Departments of Biobehavioral Health Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.,College of Nursing, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Gregory C Shearer
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.,Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 .,Departments of Biobehavioral Health Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 20115
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74
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Cho JW, Duffy JF. Sleep, Sleep Disorders, and Sexual Dysfunction. World J Mens Health 2019; 37:261-275. [PMID: 30209897 PMCID: PMC6704301 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.180045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Good sleep is necessary for good health. Sleep health is increasingly recognized as important for physical and mental health by both the medical profession and the general public, and there is great interest in how to avoid and treat sleep disorders and problems. Recent research indicates that insufficient sleep, disrupted sleep, and sleep disorders affect many aspects of human health including sexual function. In fact, patients with urological disorders or erectile dysfunction (ED) may have a sleep disorder that contributes to their urological or sexual dysfunction. Obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, shift work disorder, and restless legs syndrome are all common sleep disorders and are associated with ED and/or other urological disorders. Therefore, careful attention should be paid to the diagnosis and treatment of concomitant sleep disorders in patients with sexual dysfunction. In this review, we provide an overview of what sleep is and how it is assessed in the clinic or laboratory; our current understanding of the functions of sleep and sleep health; a description of common sleep disorders, as well as how they are diagnosed and treated; and how sleep and its disorders are associated with male sexual dysfunction. Sleep is considered to be a 'third pillar of health', along with diet and exercise. With an understanding of common sleep disorders and how they can impact male sexual function, the urologist can ensure that sleep disorders are considered as a contributor to sexual dysfunction in their patients in order to provide them with the optimal treatment for overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Wook Cho
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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75
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Henst RHP, Pienaar PR, Roden LC, Rae DE. The effects of sleep extension on cardiometabolic risk factors: A systematic review. J Sleep Res 2019; 28:e12865. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rob H. P. Henst
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Paula R. Pienaar
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Laura C. Roden
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Faculty of Science University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Dale E. Rae
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
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76
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Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019). Br J Sports Med 2019; 53:667-699. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mental health symptoms and disorders are common among elite athletes, may have sport related manifestations within this population and impair performance. Mental health cannot be separated from physical health, as evidenced by mental health symptoms and disorders increasing the risk of physical injury and delaying subsequent recovery. There are no evidence or consensus based guidelines for diagnosis and management of mental health symptoms and disorders in elite athletes. Diagnosis must differentiate character traits particular to elite athletes from psychosocial maladaptations.Management strategies should address all contributors to mental health symptoms and consider biopsychosocial factors relevant to athletes to maximise benefit and minimise harm. Management must involve both treatment of affected individual athletes and optimising environments in which all elite athletes train and compete. To advance a more standardised, evidence based approach to mental health symptoms and disorders in elite athletes, an International Olympic Committee Consensus Work Group critically evaluated the current state of science and provided recommendations.
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77
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Walsh CP, Lim A, Marsland AL, Ferrell RE, Manuck SB. Circulating Interleukin-6 concentration covaries inversely with self-reported sleep duration as a function of polymorphic variation in the glucocorticoid receptor. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 78:21-30. [PMID: 30639698 PMCID: PMC6488397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence links extremes of self-reported sleep duration with higher circulating markers of inflammatory disease risk, although not all findings are consistent. Extremes of sleep duration also associate with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system and the peripheral release of cortisol, a glucocorticoid (GC) important in downregulating transcription of pro-inflammatory molecules. Polymorphic variation in the gene encoding the GC receptor (GR; NR3C1) modulates cellular sensitivity to GC-mediated anti-inflammatory signaling, thereby affecting levels of pro-inflammatory molecules. Thus, we hypothesized that extremes of self-reported sleep duration may covary with circulating levels of inflammatory markers as a function of allelic variation in NR3C1. Specifically, we examine the possibility that a single nucleotide polymorphism of the GR gene-(rs6198), the minor (G) allele of which confers reduced GR sensitivity-moderates an association of sleep duration with interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) among a large sample (IL-6: N = 857; CRP: N = 929) of midlife community volunteers of European ancestry. Findings showed that sleep duration varied inversely with IL-6 (β = -0.087, p = .012), and this association was stronger among individuals homozygous for the rs6198 G-allele compared to alternate genotypes (β = -0.071, p = .039). We also found that sleep duration showed a U-shaped association with CRP (polynomial term: β = 0.093, p = .006), which was not moderated by rs6198 genotype. In conclusion, we show that a common genetic variant in the GR moderates an inverse association of self-reported sleep duration with circulating IL-6, possibly contributing to the increased disease risk observed among some short sleepers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvin Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
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78
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Owens H. Sleep-an Essential Component of Obesity Screening and Counseling: A Policy Analysis of the Affordable Care Act. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 2019; 56:46958019842001. [PMID: 31014152 PMCID: PMC6482644 DOI: 10.1177/0046958019842001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) has provided access to health care for millions of people in the United States. One of the most beneficial aspects of the PPACA is the obesity screening and counseling provision. Currently, it is estimated that over 39% of US adults are obese. Research has linked sleep disturbances to obesity and obesity-related behaviors. The purpose of this article is to advocate for evidence-based care through the inclusion of sleep disturbance screening and management under the PPACA obesity screening and counseling provision. An in-depth policy analysis of the PPACA was conducted to examine the feasibility of adding sleep screenings to the obesity screening and counseling provision available under current law. Findings suggest that the adoption of this policy would require stakeholder advocacy and educational reform. Implementation of the policy would require additional economic investments, but the long-term savings could be significant. A campaign to raise awareness regarding the association between sleep disturbance and obesity among the public and health care professionals would be essential. Policy implementation would require interprofessional collaboration when performing sleep disordered screening and management. Preventative health care for individuals who have not previously accessed the health care system has the potential to socially and economically benefit society if policies provide for evidence-based care. Sleep screening and counseling is essential under the PPACA to adequately address the US obesity crisis.
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79
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Depner CM, Melanson EL, Eckel RH, Snell-Bergeon JK, Perreault L, Bergman BC, Higgins JA, Guerin MK, Stothard ER, Morton SJ, Wright KP. Ad libitum Weekend Recovery Sleep Fails to Prevent Metabolic Dysregulation during a Repeating Pattern of Insufficient Sleep and Weekend Recovery Sleep. Curr Biol 2019; 29:957-967.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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80
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Wang J, Kwok MK, Au Yeung SL, Li AM, Lam HS, Leung JYY, Hui LL, Leung GM, Schooling CM. Sleep duration and risk of diabetes: Observational and Mendelian randomization studies. Prev Med 2019; 119:24-30. [PMID: 30508554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate sleep could contribute to type 2 diabetes, but observational studies are inconsistent and open to biases, particularly from confounding. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to obtain an unconfounded estimate of the effect of sleep duration on diabetes, fasting glucose (FG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and an observation study to assess differences by sex. Using MR, we assessed the effects of genetically instrumented sleep on diabetes, based on 68 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), applied to the DIAbetes Genetics Replication and meta-analysis case (n = 26,676)-control (n = 132,532) study and on FG and HbA1c, based on 55 SNPs, applied to the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (MAGIC) study of FG (n = 122,743) and HbA1c (n = 123,665). In the population-representative Hong Kong Chinese "Children of 1997" birth cohort we assessed whether associations of sleep duration at ~17.5 years with FG and HbA1c differed by sex. Using inverse variance weighting with multiplicative random effects, sleep duration was not associated with diabetes (odds ratio (OR) 0.85 per hour of sleep, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64 to 1.13), FG (-0.032 mmol/l per hour of sleep, 95% CI -0.126 to 0.063) or HbA1c (-0.022% per hour of sleep, 95% CI -0.069 to 0.024). In "Children of 1997", the associations of sleep duration with FG differed by sex (p for interaction 0.05) but not with HbA1c. Overall sleep duration does not appear to be related to diabetes, FG or HbA1c, but the possibility of sex differences merits investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Ki Kwok
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiu Lun Au Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Albert Martin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hugh Simon Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - June Yue Yan Leung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lai Ling Hui
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gabriel Matthew Leung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Catherine Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; CUNY School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, USA.
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81
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Rawat A, Gangwar AK, Tiwari S, Kant S, Garg RK, Singh PK. Sleep quality and insulin resistance in adolescent subjects with different circadian preference: A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:2502-2505. [PMID: 31463284 PMCID: PMC6691405 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_400_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have shown that alterations in the sleep cycle can predispose to several disorders. Most of the previous studies were done on the adults. Hence, the aim of the study was to see the effect of circadian disruption on the health of adolescent population. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 203 subjects were enrolled. Study subjects were divided into three groups: definite evening chronotype, intermediate chronotype, and definite morning chronotype. Sleep quality was measured by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Daytime sleepiness and chronotype were measured by Epworth Sleepiness Score and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire Self-Assessment version, respectively. Two hours postprandial glucose was measured after oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin were measured. Homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Data were summarized as mean ± standard deviation. Crude odds ratios and Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient of metabolic parameters with poor sleep were calculated. Results: Statistically significant difference was found in the mean value of poor sleep quality, 2 h postprandial blood glucose level, and insulin resistance among subjects of three groups. Subjects of evening chronotype have more significant positive correlation of 2 h postprandial blood glucose level and HOMA-IR value with poor sleep quality when compared with subjects of intermediate and morning chronotypes. Conclusion: Subjects with evening chronotype are more prone for development of metabolic syndrome compared with subjects of intermediate and morning chronotypes if proper health policies are not adopted for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Rawat
- Department of Physiology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Gangwar
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunita Tiwari
- Department of Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surya Kant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Garg
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prithvi Kumar Singh
- Center for Advance Research (Cytogenetics Unit), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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82
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Wise LA, Rothman KJ, Wesselink AK, Mikkelsen EM, Sorensen HT, McKinnon CJ, Hatch EE. Male sleep duration and fecundability in a North American preconception cohort study. Fertil Steril 2018; 109:453-459. [PMID: 29566862 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate prospectively the association between male sleep duration and fecundability. DESIGN Pregnancy Online Study (PRESTO), a Web-based prospective cohort study of North American couples enrolled during the preconception period (2013-2017). SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Male participants were aged ≥21 years; female participants were aged 21-45 years. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) At enrollment, men reported their average nightly sleep duration in the previous month. Pregnancy status was updated on female follow-up questionnaires every 8 weeks for up to 12 months or until conception. Analyses were restricted to 1,176 couples who had been attempting to conceive for up to six cycles at enrollment. Proportional probabilities regression models were used to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders. RESULT(S) Relative to 8 hours per night of sleep, multivariable-adjusted FRs for <6, 6, 7, and ≥9 hours per night of sleep were 0.62 (95% CI 0.45-0.87), 1.06 (95% CI 0.87-1.30), 0.97 (95% CI 0.81-1.17), and 0.73 (95% CI 0.46-1.15), respectively. The association between short sleep duration (<6 hours per night) and fecundability was similar among men not working nights or rotating shifts (FR 0.60, 95% CI 0.41-0.88) and among men without a history of infertility (FR 0.62, 95% CI 0.44-0.87) and was stronger among fathers (FR 0.46, 95% CI 0.28-0.76). CONCLUSION(S) Short sleep duration in men was associated with reduced fecundability. Because male factor accounts for 50% of couple infertility, identifying modifiable determinants of infertility could provide alternatives to expensive fertility workups and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Anne Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Kenneth Jay Rothman
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Amelia Kent Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Craig James McKinnon
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Elliott Hatch
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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83
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Kervezee L, Kosmadopoulos A, Boivin DB. Metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of shift work: The role of circadian disruption and sleep disturbances. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 51:396-412. [PMID: 30357975 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Shift work, defined as work occurring outside typical daytime working hours, is associated with an increased risk of various non-communicable diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Disruption of the internal circadian timing system and concomitant sleep disturbances is thought to play a critical role in the development of these health problems. Indeed, controlled laboratory studies have shown that short-term circadian misalignment and sleep restriction independently impair physiological processes, including insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, immune function, blood pressure and cardiac modulation by the autonomous nervous system. If allowed to persist, these acute effects may lead to the development of cardiometabolic diseases in the long term. Here, we discuss the evidence for the contributions of circadian disruption and associated sleep disturbances to the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular health problems in shift workers. Improving the understanding of the physiological mechanisms affected by circadian misalignment and sleep disturbance will contribute to the development and implementation of strategies that prevent or mitigate the cardiometabolic impact of shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kervezee
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anastasi Kosmadopoulos
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Diane B Boivin
- Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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84
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Christie S, Vincent AD, Li H, Frisby CL, Kentish SJ, O'Rielly R, Wittert GA, Page AJ. A rotating light cycle promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid storage in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G932-G942. [PMID: 30188750 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00020.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Processes involved in regulation of energy balance and intermediary metabolism are aligned to the light-dark cycle. Shift-work and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity disrupt circadian rhythmicity and are associated with increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of simulating shift work on hepatic lipid accumulation in lean and HFD mice. C57BL/6 mice fed a standard laboratory diet (SLD) or HFD for 4 wk were further allocated to a normal light (NL) cycle (lights on: 0600-1800) or rotating light (RL) cycle [3 days NL and 4 days reversed (lights on: 1800-0600) repeated] for 8 wk. Tissue was collected every 3 h beginning at 0600. HFD mice gained more weight than SLD mice, and RL mice gained more weight than NL mice. SLD-NL and HFD-NL mice, but not RL mice, were more active, had higher respiratory quotients, and consumed/expended more energy during the dark phase compared with the light phase. Blood glucose and plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were elevated in HFD and SLD-RL compared with SLD-NL mice. Hepatic glycogen was elevated in HFD compared with SLD mice. Hepatic triglycerides were elevated in SLD-RL and HFD mice compared with SLD-NL. Circadian rhythmicity of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA) mRNA was phase shifted in SLD-RL and HFD-NL and lost in HFD-RL mice. Hepatic ACACA protein was reduced in SLD-RL and HFD mice compared with SLD-NL mice. Hepatic adipose triglyceride lipase was elevated in HFD-NL compared with SLD-NL but lower in RL mice compared with NL mice irrespective of diet. In conclusion, an RL cycle model of shift work promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid storage even in lean conditions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this publication we describe the effects of a rotating light cycle model of shift work in lean and high-fat diet-induced obese mice on body mass, diurnal patterns of energy intake and expenditure, and hepatic lipid storage. The data indicate that modeling shift work, via a rotating light cycle, promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid accumulation even in mice on a standard laboratory diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Christie
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Andrew D Vincent
- Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia.,Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Hui Li
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia.,Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Claudine L Frisby
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Stephen J Kentish
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Rebecca O'Rielly
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia.,Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia.,Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Amanda J Page
- Vagal Afferent Research Group, Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia.,Nutrition and Metabolism, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute , Adelaide, South Australia
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85
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86
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Arnal PJ. Slow wave sleep and steroid hormones. Sleep Med 2018; 53:172-173. [PMID: 30389221 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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87
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Zhang W, Piotrowska K, Chavoshan B, Wallace J, Liu PY. Sleep Duration Is Associated With Testis Size in Healthy Young Men. J Clin Sleep Med 2018; 14:1757-1764. [PMID: 30353813 PMCID: PMC6175801 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.7390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep is increasingly recognized to influence a growing array of physiological processes. The relationship between sleep duration and testis size, a marker of male reproductive potential, has not been studied. METHODS This was a preliminary cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data from 92 healthy men (mean ± standard deviation, age 33 ± 6 years, body mass index [BMI] 24.7 ± 6.1 kg/m2), of whom 66 underwent at-home actigraphy and 47 underwent in-laboratory polysomnography. Sleep duration and architecture were measured by actigraphy and polysomnography, testicular volume by Prader orchidometer, total testosterone by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, free testosterone by equilibrium dialysis, and luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) by immunochemiluminometric assay. RESULTS Sleep duration was correlated with testicular volume (r = .31, P = .046) and with FSH (r = -.30, P = .035), and rapid eye movement sleep was correlated with FSH (r = .44, P = .006). The significance of these findings did not change after adjustment for age and BMI, and were confirmed nonparametrically by resampling. A putative inverse U-shaped relationship between testicular volume and sleep duration was observed by polynomial regression (P = .049), but not with resampling (P = .068). CONCLUSIONS There is a positive linear and a possible inverse U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and testis volume. Longitudinal or interventional studies manipulating sleep are required to better define causality, and ultimately to establish how much sleep is needed to maximize male reproductive potential. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Title: Hormonal Mechanisms of Sleep Restriction, Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT02256865, URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02256865.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California
| | - Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California
| | - Bahman Chavoshan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dignity Health St. Mary Hospital, Long Beach, California
- Olive View UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, California
| | - Jeanne Wallace
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Olive View UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, California
| | - Peter Y. Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California
- Olive View UCLA Medical Center, Sylmar, California
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88
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Wang X, Greer J, Porter RR, Kaur K, Youngstedt SD. Short-Term Moderate Sleep Restriction Decreases Insulin Sensitivity in Young Healthy Adults. Sleep Health 2018; 2:63-68. [PMID: 28819636 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND PURPOSE The literature suggests that severe sleep loss of more than a few hours a night decreases glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to determine whether moderate sleep restriction had similar effects. METHODS Fifteen healthy non-obese (BMI=24.5±3.4 kg/m2) young adults (20.6±1.3 years) completed two 2-hour oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT): one was after 3 days of time-in-bed restriction by 1-3 hours each night, and the other was after 3 days of ad libitum sleep. Glucose and insulin concentrations during OGTT, and fasting glucagon and cortisol concentrations were determined. The homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Matsuda index, and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated. RESULTS The total time-in-bed during the sleep restriction and the ad libitum phase was 5.98±0.76 and 7.98±0.54 hours/day, and total sleep time was 5.16±0.49 and 6.65±0.64 hours/day, respectively. Glucose concentrations before and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes following consumption of glucose and area under the curve were not different for the two OGTT (p > 0.10 for all). Insulin concentration at fasting and area under the curve during the OGTT were significantly higher (p = 0.034 and 0.038, respectively) following restricted sleep than following ad libitum sleep. Fasting glucagon concentration was also higher (p = 0.003). The HOMA-IR, Matsuda index, and QUICKI all suggested decreased insulin sensitivity following restricted sleep. CONCLUSION Short-term moderate sleep restriction reduced insulin sensitivity compared to ad libitum sleep in this group of healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Wang
- Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Julian Greer
- Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Ryan R Porter
- Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kamaljeet Kaur
- Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Shawn D Youngstedt
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation and College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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89
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Walia AS, Lomeli LDJM, Jiang P, Benca R, Yafi FA. Patients presenting to a Men’s Health clinic are at higher risk for depression, insomnia, and sleep apnea. Int J Impot Res 2018; 31:39-45. [DOI: 10.1038/s41443-018-0057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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90
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Ukraintseva Y, Liaukovich K, Polishchuk А, Martynova О, Belov D, Simenel E, Meira e Cruz М, Nizhnik А. Slow-wave sleep and androgens: selective slow-wave sleep suppression affects testosterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone secretion. Sleep Med 2018; 48:117-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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91
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Sweeney EL, Jeromson S, Hamilton DL, Brooks NE, Walshe IH. Skeletal muscle insulin signaling and whole-body glucose metabolism following acute sleep restriction in healthy males. Physiol Rep 2018; 5. [PMID: 29233906 PMCID: PMC5727269 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep restriction is associated with impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, however, the underlying mechanisms leading to this impairment are unknown. This study aimed to assess whether the decrease in insulin sensitivity observed after sleep restriction is accompanied by changes in skeletal muscle PKB activity. Ten healthy young males participated in this randomized crossover study which included two conditions separated by a 3‐week washout period. Participants underwent two nights of habitual sleep (CON) and two nights of sleep which was restricted to 50% of habitual sleep duration (SR) in the home environment. Whole‐body glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test after the second night of each condition. Skeletal muscle tissue samples were obtained from the vastus lateralis to determine PKB activity. Findings displayed no effect of trial on plasma glucose concentrations (P = 0.222). Plasma insulin area under the curve was higher after sleep restriction compared to the control (P = 0.013). Matsuda index was 18.6% lower in the sleep restriction (P = 0.010). Fold change in PKB activity from baseline tended to be lower in the sleep restriction condition at 30 min (P = 0.098) and 120 min (P = 0.087). In conclusion, we demonstrated decreased whole‐body insulin sensitivity in healthy young males following two nights of sleep restriction. Skeletal muscle insulin signaling findings are inconclusive and require further study to examine any potential changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Sweeney
- Physiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart Jeromson
- Physiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - D Lee Hamilton
- Physiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi E Brooks
- Physiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ian H Walshe
- Physiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom.,Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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92
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Abstract
Leptin is a peptide hormone produced mainly in white adipose tissue. It is known to regulate energy homeostasis, inflammation, metabolism, and sympathetic nerve activity. Increasing evidence suggests it has a role in ventilatory function and upper airway obstruction. Leptin levels correlate positively with measurements of adiposity and can potentially provide important insights into the pathophysiology of diseases associated with obesity. Obesity is a strong risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea, a disease characterized by periodic upper airway occlusion during sleep. The neuromuscular activity that maintains upper airway patency during sleep and the anatomy of upper airway are key factors involved in its pathogenesis. Experimental studies using animal models of a low leptin state such as leptin deficiency have shown that leptin regulates sleep architecture, upper airway patency, ventilatory function, and hypercapnic ventilatory response. However, findings from human studies do not consistently support the data from the animal models. The effect of leptin on the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea is being investigated, but the results of studies have been confounded by leptin's diurnal variation and the short-term effects of feeding, adiposity, age, and sex. Improved study design and methods of assessing functional leptin levels, specifically their central versus peripheral effects, will improve understanding of the role of leptin in sleep apnea.
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93
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Koren D, Taveras EM. Association of sleep disturbances with obesity, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2018; 84:67-75. [PMID: 29630921 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep, which has become endemic in recent years, has been variably associated with increased risk of obesity, disorders of glucose and insulin homeostasis, and the metabolic syndrome; to a lesser degree, so has excessive sleep. This review summarizes recent epidemiological and pathophysiological evidence linking sleep disturbances (primarily abnormalities of sleep duration) with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Koren
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Elsie M Taveras
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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94
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Reutrakul S, Van Cauter E. Sleep influences on obesity, insulin resistance, and risk of type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2018; 84:56-66. [PMID: 29510179 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A large body of epidemiologic evidence has linked insufficient sleep duration and quality to the risk of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. To address putative causal mechanisms, this review focuses on laboratory interventions involving several nights of experimental sleep restriction, fragmentation or extension and examining metabolically relevant outcomes. Sleep restriction has been consistently shown to increase hunger, appetite and food intake, with the increase in caloric intake in excess of the energy requirements of extended wakefulness. Findings regarding decreases in hormones promoting satiety or increases in hormones promoting hunger have been less consistent, possibly because of confounding effects of changes in adiposity when energy intake was not controlled and sampling protocols that did not cover the entire 24-h cycle. Imaging studies revealed alterations in neuronal activity of brain regions involved in food reward. An adverse impact of experimental sleep restriction on insulin resistance, leading to reduced glucose tolerance and increased diabetes risk, has been well-documented. There is limited evidence indicating that sleep fragmentation without reduction in sleep duration also results in a reduction in insulin sensitivity. The adverse metabolic outcomes of sleep disturbances appear to involve multiple mechanistic pathways acting in concert. Emerging evidence supports the benefits of behavioral, but not pharmacological, sleep extension on appetite and glucose metabolism. Further research should focus on the feasibility and efficacy of strategies to optimize sleep duration and quality on obesity and diabetes risk in at-risk populations as well as those with established diseases. Further work is needed to identify mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirimon Reutrakul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Eve Van Cauter
- The Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Sleep, Metabolism and Health Center, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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95
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Covassin N, Greene EL, Singh P, Somers VK. Disparities in Hypertension Among African-Americans: Implications of Insufficient Sleep. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:57. [PMID: 29884924 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sleep deficiency has been proposed as a potential contributor to racial disparities in cardiovascular health. We present contemporary evidence on the unequal burden of insufficient sleep in Blacks/African-Americans and the repercussions for disparate risk of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS The prevalence of insufficient sleep is high and rising and has been recognized as an important cardiovascular risk factor. Presumably due to a constellation of environmental, psychosocial, and individual determinants, these risks appear exacerbated in Blacks/African-Americans, who are more likely to experience short sleep than other ethnic/racial groups. Population-based data suggest that the risk of hypertension associated with sleep deficiency is greater in those of African ancestry. However, there is a paucity of experimental evidence linking short sleep duration to blood pressure levels in African-Americans. Blacks/African-Americans may be more vulnerable to sleep deficiency and to its hypertensive effects. Future research is needed to unequivocally establish causality and determine the mechanism underlying the postulated racial inequalities in sleep adequacy and consequent cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Covassin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Eddie L Greene
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Prachi Singh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Virend K Somers
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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96
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Holanda NCPD, de Castro Moreno CR, Marqueze EC. Metabolic syndrome components: Is there a difference according to exposure to night work? Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:801-810. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1450267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narriane Chaves Pereira de Holanda
- Epidemiology, Public Health Graduate Program - Catholic University of Santos, Santos, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Claudia Roberta de Castro Moreno
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elaine Cristina Marqueze
- Epidemiology, Public Health Graduate Program - Catholic University of Santos, Santos, Brazil
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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97
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Yoon H, Hwang SH, Choi SH, Choi JW, Lee YJ, Jeong DU, Park KS. Wakefulness evaluation during sleep for healthy subjects and OSA patients using a patch-type device. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 155:127-138. [PMID: 29512493 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a major sleep disorder that causes insufficient sleep, which is linked with daytime fatigue and accidents. Long-term sleep monitoring can provide meaningful information for patients with OSA to prevent and manage their symptoms. Even though various methods have been proposed to objectively measure sleep in ambulatory environments, less reliable information was provided in comparison with standard polysomnography (PSG). Therefore, this paper proposes an algorithm for distinguishing wakefulness from sleep using a patch-type device, which is applicable for both healthy individuals and patients with OSA. METHODS Electrocardiogram (ECG) and 3-axis accelerometer signals were gathered from the single device. Wakefulness was determined with six parallel methods based on information about movement and autonomic nervous activity. The performance evaluation was conducted with five-fold cross validation using the data from 15 subjects with a low respiratory disturbance index (RDI) and 10 subjects with high RDI. In addition, wakefulness information, including total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep onset latency (SOL), and wake after sleep onset (WASO), were extracted from the proposed algorithm and compared with those from PSG. RESULTS According to epoch-by-epoch (30 s) analysis, the performance results of detecting wakefulness were an average Cohen's kappa of 0.60, accuracy of 91.24%, sensitivity of 64.12%, and specificity of 95.73%. Moreover, significant correlations were observed in TST, SE, SOL, and WASO between the proposed algorithm and PSG (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Wakefulness-related information was successfully provided using data from the patch-type device. In addition, the performance results of the proposed algorithm for wakefulness detection were competitive with those from previous studies. Therefore, the proposed system could be an appropriate solution for long-term objective sleep monitoring in both healthy individuals and patients with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heenam Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Hwan Hwang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji General Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Un Jeong
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Suk Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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98
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Guyon A, Morselli LL, Balbo ML, Tasali E, Leproult R, L'Hermite-Balériaux M, Van Cauter E, Spiegel K. Effects of Insufficient Sleep on Pituitary-Adrenocortical Response to CRH Stimulation in Healthy Men. Sleep 2018; 40:3746974. [PMID: 28444400 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Severe sleep restriction results in elevated evening cortisol levels. We examined whether this relative hypercortisolism is associated with alterations in the pituitary-adrenocortical response to evening corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation. Methods Eleven subjects participated in 2 sessions (2 nights of 10 hours vs. 4 hours in bed) in randomized order. Sleep was polygraphically recorded. After the second night of each session, blood was sampled at 20-minute intervals from 09:00 to 24:00 for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol measurements, and perceived stress was assessed hourly. Ovine CRH was injected at 18:00 (1 µg/kg body weight). Results Prior to CRH injection, baseline ACTH, but not cortisol, levels were elevated after sleep restriction. Relative to the well-rested condition, sleep restriction resulted in a 27% decrease in overall ACTH response to CRH (estimated by the incremental area under the curve from 18:00 to 24:00; p = .002) while the cortisol response was decreased by 21% (p = .083). Further, the magnitude of these decreases was correlated with the individual amount of sleep loss (ACTH: rSp = -0.65, p = .032; cortisol: rSp = -0.71, p = .015). The acute post-CRH increment of cortisol was reduced (p = .002) without changes in ACTH reactivity, suggesting decreased adrenal sensitivity. The rate of decline from peak post-injection levels was reduced for cortisol (p = .032), but not for ACTH. Scores of perceived stress were unaffected by CRH injection and were low and similar under both sleep conditions. Conclusions Sleep restriction is associated with a reduction of the overall ACTH and cortisol responses to evening CRH stimulation, and a reduced reactivity and slower recovery of the cortisol response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Guyon
- Integrated Physiology of Brain Arousal Systems Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL) - INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Pediatric Sleep Unit, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Lisa L Morselli
- Sleep, Metabolism and Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics and VA Medical Center, Iowa city, IA
| | - Marcella L Balbo
- Sleep, Metabolism and Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Esra Tasali
- Sleep, Metabolism and Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Rachel Leproult
- Sleep, Metabolism and Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Eve Van Cauter
- Sleep, Metabolism and Health Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Karine Spiegel
- Integrated Physiology of Brain Arousal Systems Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL) - INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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99
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Reynolds AC, Bucks RS, Paterson JL, Ferguson SA, Mori TA, McArdle N, Straker L, Beilin LJ, Eastwood PR. Working (longer than) 9 to 5: are there cardiometabolic health risks for young Australian workers who report longer than 38-h working weeks? Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2018; 91:403-412. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-018-1289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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100
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Centofanti S, Dorrian J, Hilditch C, Grant C, Coates A, Banks S. Eating on nightshift: A big vs small snack impairs glucose response to breakfast. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2018; 4:44-48. [PMID: 31236506 PMCID: PMC6584580 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shift work is a risk factor for chronic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. Food choice may play a role, however simply eating at night when the body is primed for sleep may have implications for health. This study examined the impact of consuming a big versus small snack at night on glucose metabolism. N = 31 healthy subjects (21-35 y; 18 F) participated in a simulated nightshift laboratory study that included one baseline night of sleep (22:00 h-07:00 h) and one night awake with allocation to either a big snack (2100 kJ) or small snack (840 kJ) group. The snack was consumed between 00:00-00:30 h and consisted of low fat milk, a sandwich, chips and fruit (big snack) or half sandwich and fruit (small snack). Subjects ate an identical mixed meal breakfast (2100 kJ) at 08:30 h after one full night of sleep and a simulated nightshift. Interstitial glucose was measured continuously during the entire study using Medtronic Continual Glucose Monitors. Only subjects with identical breakfast consumption and complete datasets were analysed (N = 20). Glucose data were averaged into 5-minute bins and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for 90 min post-breakfast. Pre-breakfast, glucose levels were not significantly different between Day1 and Day2, nor were they different between snack groups (p > 0.05). A snack group by day interaction effect was found (F1,16 = 5.36, p = 0.034) and post-hocs revealed that in the big snack group, AUC response to breakfast was significantly higher following nightshift (Day2) compared to Day1 (p = 0.001). This translated to a 20.8% (SEM 5.6) increase. AUC was not significantly different between days in the small snack group. Consuming a big snack at 00:00 h impaired the glucose response to breakfast at 08:30 h, compared to a smaller snack. Further research in this area will inform dietary advice for shift workers, which could include recommendations on how much to eat as well as content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Centofanti
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jillian Dorrian
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cassie Hilditch
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Crystal Grant
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alison Coates
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Siobhan Banks
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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