51
|
Bonner E, Chang Y, Christie E, Colvin V, Cunningham B, Elson D, Ghetu C, Huizenga J, Hutton SJ, Kolluri SK, Maggio S, Moran I, Parker B, Rericha Y, Rivera BN, Samon S, Schwichtenberg T, Shankar P, Simonich MT, Wilson LB, Tanguay RL. The chemistry and toxicology of vaping. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107837. [PMID: 33753133 PMCID: PMC8263470 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vaping is the process of inhaling and exhaling an aerosol produced by an e-cigarette, vape pen, or personal aerosolizer. When the device contains nicotine, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lists the product as an electronic nicotine delivery system or ENDS device. Similar electronic devices can be used to vape cannabis extracts. Over the past decade, the vaping market has increased exponentially, raising health concerns over the number of people exposed and a nationwide outbreak of cases of severe, sometimes fatal, lung dysfunction that arose suddenly in otherwise healthy individuals. In this review, we discuss the various vaping technologies, which are remarkably diverse, and summarize the use prevalence in the U.S. over time by youths and adults. We examine the complex chemistry of vape carrier solvents, flavoring chemicals, and transformation products. We review the health effects from epidemiological and laboratory studies and, finally, discuss the proposed mechanisms underlying some of these health effects. We conclude that since much of the research in this area is recent and vaping technologies are dynamic, our understanding of the health effects is insufficient. With the rapid growth of ENDS use, consumers and regulatory bodies need a better understanding of constituent-dependent toxicity to guide product use and regulatory decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bonner
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Yvonne Chang
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Emerson Christie
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Victoria Colvin
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Brittany Cunningham
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Daniel Elson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Christine Ghetu
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Juliana Huizenga
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Sara J Hutton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Siva K Kolluri
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Stephanie Maggio
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Ian Moran
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Bethany Parker
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Yvonne Rericha
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Brianna N Rivera
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Samantha Samon
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Trever Schwichtenberg
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Prarthana Shankar
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Michael T Simonich
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lindsay B Wilson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Robyn L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Karas BF, Hotz JM, Gural BM, Terez KR, DiBona VL, Côrte-Real L, Valente A, Buckley BT, Cooper KR. Anticancer Activity and In Vitro to In Vivo Mechanistic Recapitulation of Novel Ruthenium-Based Metallodrugs in the Zebrafish Model. Toxicol Sci 2021; 182:29-43. [PMID: 33822233 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium is popular as a metal core for chemotherapeutics, due to versatile molecular coordination. Because new metallodrugs are synthesized at high rates, our studies included assays in zebrafish to expedite the initial evaluation as anticancer agents. Here we evaluated novel metallodrugs (PMC79 and LCR134), and cisplatin, a widely used platinum-based chemotherapeutic. We hypothesized that this model could characterize anticancer properties and recapitulate previous in vitro results in vivo. Our findings suggest anticancer properties of PMC79 and LCR134 were similar with less toxicity than cisplatin. Exposures from 24 to 72 h at or below the LOAELs of PMC79 and LCR134 (3.9 µM and 13.5 µm, respectively), impaired blood vessel development and tailfin regeneration. Blood vessel examination through live imaging of larvae revealed distinct regional antiangiogenic impacts. The significant decrease in gene expression of the VEGF-HIF pathway and beta-actin could explain the morphological effects observed in the whole organism following exposure. Tailfin amputation in larvae exposed to PMC79 or LCR134 inhibited tissue regrowth and cell division, but did not impact normal cell proliferation unlike cisplatin. This suggests Ru drugs may be more selective in targeting cancerous cells than cisplatin. Additionally, in vitro mechanisms were confirmed. PMC79 disrupted cytoskeleton formation in larvae and P-glycoprotein transporters in vivo was inhibited at low doses which could limit off-target effects of chemotherapeutics. Our results demonstrate the value for using the zebrafish in metallodrug research to evaluate mechanisms and off-target effects. In light of the findings reported in this article, future investigation of PMC79 and LCR134 are warranted in higher vertebrate models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany F Karas
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Jordan M Hotz
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Brian M Gural
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Kristin R Terez
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Victoria L DiBona
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Leonor Côrte-Real
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Brian T Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Keith R Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Sub-lethal Camphor Exposure Triggers Oxidative Stress, Cardiotoxicity, and Cardiac Physiology Alterations in Zebrafish Embryos. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:901-913. [PMID: 34339023 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Camphor is a terpene ketone with aromatic and volatile properties in nature derived from the bark of Cinnamomum camphora or synthesized from turpentine. Camphor exhibits various biological properties such as anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-coccidial, and anti-cancer. It is also used as a form of topical medication for skin irritation, joint pain, and as a relief for itching from insect bites. However, even though the high dose of camphor has been documented to be toxic/lethal in humans in different studies, camphor's developmental toxicity has not yet been explored, and its extensive mechanism of action is still unclear. In the present study, we aimed to assess the toxic effects of camphor in zebrafish embryos in the initial developmental stages. The obtained results demonstrated that a sub-lethal dose of camphor caused a decrease in hatching rate, body length, and substantial elevation in malformation rate on zebrafish embryos. On further observation, in the following time frame, curved body and pericardial edema of zebrafish were also observed. Furthermore, exposure to a sub-lethal dose of camphor was also able to trigger cardiotoxicity in zebrafish larvae. Later, on subsequent biochemical analysis, it was found that the antioxidant capacity inhibition and oxidative stress elevation that occurred after camphor exposure might be associated with the inhibition of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. In addition, compared to the control group, several apoptotic cells in treated zebrafish were also found to be elevated. Finally, after further investigation on marker gene expressions, we conclude that the developmental toxicity of camphor exposure might be associated with apoptosis elevation and oxidative stress. Taken together, the current study provides a better understanding of the developmental toxicity of camphor on zebrafish, a promising alternative animal model to assess the developmental toxicity of chemical compounds.
Collapse
|
54
|
Wibowo I, Utami N, Anggraeni T, Barlian A, Putra RE, Indriani AD, Masadah R, Ekawardhani S. Propolis Can Improve Caudal Fin Regeneration in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Induced by The Combined Administration of Alloxan and Glucose. Zebrafish 2021; 18:274-281. [PMID: 34297614 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, a primary symptom in diabetes mellitus, is associated with difficulties in wound healing and regeneration. This condition is due to the length of the inflammatory phase and free radicals. Furthermore, there is evidence that molecular pathogenesis is involved in impaired wound healing in diabetics. As an animal model, zebrafish have many shared orthologous genes with human that are involved in protein regulation of wound healing and regeneration. Little is known about natural drugs that may be used to treat complications of wound healing in diabetes. Propolis, however, is known to consist of various organic compounds such as phenols and flavonoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This research aims to study propolis' effect on caudal fin regeneration and relative expression of several genes belonging to Hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and Wnt signaling hyperglycemic (HG) zebrafish. GC-MS analysis and antioxidant activity testing were performed on ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP). Caudal fin regeneration was analyzed using ImageJ; blood glucose levels were measured; and relative gene expression analysis of shha, igf2a, bmp2b, and col1a2 was performed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction method with the β-actin housekeeping gene. Impairment of caudal fin regeneration in zebrafish hyperglycemia was characterized by a low percentage of regeneration and decreased relative gene expression. EEP at 15 ppm could increase the percentage of caudal fin regeneration and the expression of shha, igf2a, bmp2b, and col1a2. Based on the results, it appears that phenols and flavonoids from the EEP can improve the caudal fin regeneration of HG zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indra Wibowo
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nuruliawaty Utami
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Tjandra Anggraeni
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Anggraini Barlian
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ramadhani Eka Putra
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia.,Biology Studi Program, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jalan Terusan Ryacudu, Way Hui, Indonesia
| | - Annisa Devi Indriani
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Rina Masadah
- Department of Pathology Anatomy Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Savira Ekawardhani
- Parasitology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Calahorro F, Holden-Dye L, O'Connor V. Impact of drug solvents on C. elegans pharyngeal pumping. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1240-1247. [PMID: 34195015 PMCID: PMC8233170 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans provides a multi-cellular model organism for toxicology and drug discovery. These studies usually require solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol or acetone as a vehicle. This raises the need to carefully consider whether the chemical vehicles used in these screens are anodyne towards C. elegans. Here, we use pharyngeal pumping as a bioassay to assess this. Pharyngeal pumping is a visually scoreable behaviour that is controlled by environmental cues activating sensory and integrative neural signalling to coordinate pharyngeal activity. As such it serves as a rich bioassay to screen for chemical modulation. We found that while pumping was insensitive to high concentrations of the widely used drug solvents ethanol and acetone, it was perturbed by concentrations of DMSO above 0.5 % v/v encompassing concentrations used as drug vehicle. This was manifested as an inhibition of pharyngeal pump rate followed by a slow recovery in the continued presence of the solvent. The inhibition was not observed in a neuroligin mutant, nlg-1, consistent with DMSO acting at the level of sensory processing that modulates pumping. We found that bus-17 mutants, which have enhanced cuticle penetration to drugs are more sensitive to DMSO. The effect of DMSO is accompanied by a progressive morphological disruption in which internal membrane-like structures of varying size accumulate. These internal structures are seen in all three genotypes investigated in this study and likely arise independent of the effects on pharyngeal pumping. Overall, these results highlight sensory signalling and strain dependent vehicle sensitivity. Although we define concentrations at which this can be mitigated, it highlights the need to consider time-dependent vehicle effects when evaluating control responses in C. elegans chemical biology.
Collapse
|
56
|
Faria M, Prats E, Rosas Ramírez JR, Bellot M, Bedrossiantz J, Pagano M, Valls A, Gomez-Canela C, Porta JM, Mestres J, Garcia-Reyero N, Faggio C, Gómez Oliván LM, Raldua D. Androgenic activation, impairment of the monoaminergic system and altered behavior in zebrafish larvae exposed to environmental concentrations of fenitrothion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145671. [PMID: 33621872 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fenitrothion is an organophosphorus insecticide usually found in aquatic ecosystems at concentrations in the range of low ng/L. In this manuscript we show that 24 h exposure to environmental concentrations of fenitrothion, from ng/L to low μg/L, altered basal locomotor activity, visual-motor response and acoustic/vibrational escape response of zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, fenitrothion and expression of gap43a, gfap, atp2b1a, and mbp exhibited a significant non-monotonic concentration-response relationship. Once determined that environmental concentrations of fenitrothion were neurotoxic for zebrafish larvae, a computational analysis identified potential protein targets of this compound. Some of the predictions, including interactions with acetylcholinesterase, monoamine-oxidases and androgen receptor (AR), were experimentally validated. Binding to AR was the most suitable candidate for molecular initiating event, as indicated by both the up-regulation of cyp19a1b and sult2st3 and the non-monotonic relationship found between fenitrothion and the observed responses. Finally, when the integrity of the monoaminergic system was evaluated, altered levels of L-DOPA, DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA were found, as well as a significant up-regulation of slc18a2 expression at the lowest concentrations of fenitrothion. These data strongly suggest that concentrations of fenitrothion commonly found in aquatic ecosystems present a significant environmental risk for fish communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Faria
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Prats
- Research and Development Center (CID-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan Ricardo Rosas Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marina Bellot
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliette Bedrossiantz
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Pagano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Agata-Messina, Italy
| | - Arnau Valls
- Institut de Robòtica i Informàtica Industrial, CSIC-UPC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Gomez-Canela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Porta
- Institut de Robòtica i Informàtica Industrial, CSIC-UPC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Mestres
- Systems Pharmacology, Research Group on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, Chemotargets SL, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Garcia-Reyero
- Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Agata-Messina, Italy
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n. Col. Residencial Colón, 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Demetrio Raldua
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Forner-Piquer I, Klement W, Gangarossa G, Zub E, de Bock F, Blaquiere M, Maurice T, Audinat E, Faucherre A, Lasserre F, Ellero-Simatos S, Gamet-Payrastre L, Jopling C, Marchi N. Varying modalities of perinatal exposure to a pesticide cocktail elicit neurological adaptations in mice and zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116755. [PMID: 33725534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological indications connect maternal and developmental presence or exposure to pesticides with an increased risk for a spectrum of neurological trajectories. To provide pre-clinical data in support of this hypothesis, we used two distinct experimental models. First, female and male mice were fed immediately prior to mating, and the resulting pregnant dams were continously fed during gestation and lactation periods using chow pellets containing a cocktail of six pesticides at tolerable daily intake levels. Male and female offspring were then tracked for behavioral and in vivo electrophysiological adaptations. Second, a zebrafish model allowed us to screen toxicity and motor-behavior outcomes specifically associated with the developmental exposure to a low-to-high concentration range of the cocktail and of each individual pesticide. Here, we report anxiety-like behavior in aging male mice maternally exposed to the cocktail, as compared to age and gender matched sham animals. In parallel, in vivo electrocorticography revealed a decrease in gamma (40-80 Hz) and an increase of theta (6-9 Hz) waves, delineating a long-term, age-dependent, neuronal slowing. Neurological changes were not accompanied by brain structural malformations. Next, by using zebrafish larvae, we showed an increase of all motor-behavioral parameters resulting from the developmental exposure to 10 μg/L of pesticide cocktail, an outcome that was not associated with midbrain structural or neurovascular modifications as assessed by in vivo 2-photon microscopy. When screening each pesticide, chlorpyrifos elicited modifications of swimming parameters at 0.1 μg/L, while other components provoked changes from 0.5 μg/L. Ziram was the single most toxic component inducing developmental malformations and mortality at 10 μg/L. Although we have employed non-equivalent modalities and timing of exposure in two dissimilar experimental models, these outcomes indicate that presence of a pesticide cocktail during perinatal periods represents an element promoting behavioral and neurophysiological modifications. The study limitations and the possible pertinence of our findings to ecotoxicology and public health are critically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Forner-Piquer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Wendy Klement
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Emma Zub
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Frederic de Bock
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Blaquiere
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, UMR_S1198, Montpellier, France
| | - Etienne Audinat
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Adèle Faucherre
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Frederic Lasserre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Ellero-Simatos
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Gamet-Payrastre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31300, Toulouse, France
| | - Chris Jopling
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Pharmacological Modulation of Serotonin Levels in Zebrafish Larvae: Lessons for Identifying Environmental Neurotoxicants Targeting the Serotonergic System. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060118. [PMID: 34070577 PMCID: PMC8227033 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the effects of acute pharmacological modulation of the serotonergic system over zebrafish larvae’s cognitive, basic, and defense locomotor behaviors, using a medium to high throughput screening assay. Furthermore, the relationship between behavior, enzyme activity related to neurotransmitter metabolism, neurotransmitter levels, and gene expression was also determined. Modulation of larvae serotonergic system was accomplished by 24 h exposure to single and opposite pharmacodynamics co-exposure to three model psychopharmaceuticals with antagonistic and agonistic serotonin signaling properties: 2.5 mM 4-Chloro-DL-phenylalanine (PCPA) and 5 µM deprenyl and 0.5 µM fluoxetine, respectively. Similar behavioral outcome was observed for deprenyl and fluoxetine, which was reflected as hypolocomotion, decrease in larvae defensive responses, and cognitive impairment. Contrarily, PCPA induced hyperlocomotion and increase in larvae escape response. Deprenyl exposure effects were more pronounced at a lower level of organization than fluoxetine, with complete inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, dramatic increase of 5-HT and dopamine (DA) levels, and downregulation of serotonin synthesis and transporter genes. PCPA showed mainly effects over serotonin and dopamine’s main degradation metabolites. Finally, co-exposure between agonistic and antagonist serotonin signaling drugs reviled full recovery of zebrafish impaired locomotor and defense responses, 5-HT synthesis gene expression, and partial recovery of 5-HT levels. The findings of this study suggest that zebrafish larvae can be highly sensitive and a useful vertebrate model for short-term exposure to serotonin signaling changes.
Collapse
|
59
|
Differential Modulation of the Central and Peripheral Monoaminergic Neurochemicals by Deprenyl in Zebrafish Larvae. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060116. [PMID: 34071101 PMCID: PMC8224676 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos and larvae are vertebrate models increasingly used in translational neuroscience research. Behavioral impairment induced by the exposure to neuroactive or neurotoxic compounds is commonly linked to changes in modulatory neurotransmitters in the brain. Although different analytical methods for determining monoaminergic neurochemicals in zebrafish larvae have been developed, these methods have been used only on whole larvae, as the dissection of the brain of hundreds of larvae is not feasible. This raises a key question: Are the changes in the monoaminergic profile of the whole larvae predictive of the changes in the brain? In this study, the levels of ten monoaminergic neurotransmitters were determined in the head, trunk, and the whole body of zebrafish larvae in a control group and in those treated for 24 h with 5 M deprenyl, a prototypic monoamine-oxidase B inhibitor, eight days post-fertilization. In control larvae, most of the monoaminergic neurochemicals were found at higher levels in the head than in the trunk. Significant changes were found in the distribution of some neurochemicals after deprenyl-treatment, with serotonin and norepinephrine increasing in both the head and the trunk, whereas dopamine, L-DOPA, and homovanillic acid levels were only modulated in the head. In fact, the highly significant increase in dopamine levels observed in the head after deprenyl-treatment was not detected in the whole-body analysis. These results indicate that the analysis of neurotransmitters in the zebrafish larvae whole-body should not be used as a general surrogate of the brain.
Collapse
|
60
|
Cantatore C, George JS, Depalo R, D'Amato G, Moravek M, Smith GD. Mouse oocyte vitrification with and without dimethyl sulfoxide: influence on cryo-survival, development, and maternal imprinted gene expression. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:2129-2138. [PMID: 34021463 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oocytes and embryos can be vitrified with and without dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Objectives were to compare no vitrification (No-Vitr), vitrification with DMSO (Vitr + DMSO), and vitrification without DMSO (Vitr - DMSO) on fresh/warmed oocyte survival, induced parthenogenetic activation, parthenogenetic embryo development, and embryonic maternal imprinted gene expression. METHODS In this prospective controlled laboratory study, mature B6C3F1 female mouse metaphase II oocytes were treated as: i) No-Vitr, ii) Vitr + DMSO/warmed, and iii) Vitr - DMSO/warmed with subsequent parthenogenetic activation and culture to the blastocyst stage. Oocyte cryo-survival, parthenogenetic activation and embryo development, parthenogenetic embryo maternal imprinted gene expression were outcome measures. RESULTS Oocyte cryo-survival was significantly improved in Vitr + DMSO versus Vitr - DMSO at initial warming and 2 h after warming. Induced parthenogenetic activation was similar between all three intervention groups. While early preimplantation parthenogenetic embryo development was similar between control, Vitr + DMSO, Vitr - DMSO oocytes, the development to blastocysts was significantly inferior in the Vitr - DMSO oocytes group compared to the control and Vitr + DMSO oocyte groups. Finally, maternal imprinted gene expression was similar between intervention groups at both the 2-cell and blastocyst parthenogenetic embryo stage. CONCLUSION(S) Inclusion of DMSO in oocyte vitrification solutions improved cryo-survival and developmental potential of parthenogenetic embryos to the blastocyst stage without significantly altering maternal imprinted gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clementina Cantatore
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Reproductive and IVF Unit, Asl Bari, Conversano (BA), Italy
| | - Jenny S George
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of Michigan, 6422A Medical Sciences I, 1301 E. Catherine Street, SPC5617, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-056171500, USA
| | - Raffaella Depalo
- Institutional BioBank, Experimental Oncology and Biobank Management Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Amato
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Reproductive and IVF Unit, Asl Bari, Conversano (BA), Italy
| | - Molly Moravek
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of Michigan, 6422A Medical Sciences I, 1301 E. Catherine Street, SPC5617, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-056171500, USA
| | - Gary D Smith
- Department of Ob/Gyn, University of Michigan, 6422A Medical Sciences I, 1301 E. Catherine Street, SPC5617, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-056171500, USA. .,Departments of Physiology and Urology and Reproductive Sciences Program, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Schwartz AV, Sant KE, Navarrete J, George UZ. Mathematical modeling of the interaction between yolk utilization and fish growth in zebrafish, Danio rerio. Development 2021; 148:261800. [PMID: 33960383 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Optimal embryonic development plays a major role in the health of an individual beyond the developmental stage. Nutritional perturbation during development is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disease later in life. With both nutritional uptake and overall growth being risk factors for eventual health, it is necessary to understand not only the behavior of the processes during development but also their interactions. In this study, we used differential equations, image analyses, curve fittings, parameter estimation and laboratory experiments to quantify the rate of yolk absorption and its effect on early development of a vertebrate model (Danio rerio). Findings from this study establish a nonlinear functional relationship between nutrient absorption and early fish growth. We found that the rate of change in fish length and yolk utilization is logistic, that is the yolk decays rapidly for a period of time before leveling out. An interesting finding from this study is that yolk utilization reaches its maximum at 84 h post-fertilization. We validated our mathematical models against experimental observations, making them powerful tools for replication and future simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley V Schwartz
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Karilyn E Sant
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Julian Navarrete
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Uduak Z George
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Jerković I, Cikoš AM, Babić S, Čižmek L, Bojanić K, Aladić K, Ul’yanovskii NV, Kosyakov DS, Lebedev AT, Čož-Rakovac R, Trebše P, Jokić S. Bioprospecting of Less-Polar Constituents from Endemic Brown Macroalga Fucus virsoides J. Agardh from the Adriatic Sea and Targeted Antioxidant Effects In Vitro and In Vivo (Zebrafish Model). Mar Drugs 2021; 19:235. [PMID: 33922234 PMCID: PMC8145248 DOI: 10.3390/md19050235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The endemic brown macroalga Fucus virsoides J. Agardh from the Adriatic Sea was in the focus of the present research. The volatiles of fresh (FrFv) and air-dried (DrFv) samples of F. virsoides obtained by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD) were analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector and mass spectrometry (GC-FID/MS). The major HS-FrFv compound was pentadecane (61.90-71.55%) followed by pentadec-1-ene (11.00-7.98%). In HS-DrFv, pentadec-1-ene was not present, and few lower aliphatic compounds appeared, as well as benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol. In HD-FrFv, particularly abundant were alkenes (such as pentadec-1-ene (19.32%), or (E)-pentadec-7-ene (8.35%)). In HD-DrFv, more oxidation products were present (e.g., carbonyl compounds such as tridecanal (18.51%)). The fatty acids profile of freeze-dried sample (FdFv) after conversion to methyl esters was determined by GC-FID, and oleic acid was dominant (42.28%), followed by arachidonic acid (15.00%). High-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (HPLC-ESI-HRMS) was used for the screening of less polar fractions (F3 and F4) of F. virsoides. Mono- and diglycerides of stearic, palmitic, oleic, and arachidonic acids were found. Terpenoids and steroids comprised the compounds C20H30(32)O2 and C29H48O(2). Among carotenoids, fucoxanthin was identified. Chlorophyll derivatives were also found (C55H74(72)N4O(5-7)), dominated by pheophytin a. The antioxidant activity of the fractions was investigated by in vitro assays (oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reduction of radical cation (ABTS•+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) and by in vivo zebrafish model (along with fish embryotoxicity). In vitro experiments proved good radical scavenging abilities of F3 and F4 fractions, which were additionally supported by the protective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Jerković
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ana-Marija Cikoš
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (A.-M.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Sanja Babić
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (L.Č.); (K.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Lara Čižmek
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (L.Č.); (K.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Krunoslav Bojanić
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (L.Č.); (K.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Krunoslav Aladić
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (A.-M.C.); (K.A.)
| | - Nikolay V. Ul’yanovskii
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center “Arktika”, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; (N.V.U.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Dmitry S. Kosyakov
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center “Arktika”, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; (N.V.U.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Albert T. Lebedev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.); (L.Č.); (K.B.); (R.Č.-R.)
| | - Polonca Trebše
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Stela Jokić
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (A.-M.C.); (K.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Voos K, Schönauer E, Alhayek A, Haupenthal J, Andreas A, Müller R, Hartmann RW, Brandstetter H, Hirsch AKH, Ducho C. Phosphonate as a Stable Zinc-Binding Group for "Pathoblocker" Inhibitors of Clostridial Collagenase H (ColH). ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1257-1267. [PMID: 33506625 PMCID: PMC8251769 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbial infections are a significant threat to public health, and resistance is on the rise, so new antibiotics with novel modes of action are urgently needed. The extracellular zinc metalloprotease collagenase H (ColH) from Clostridium histolyticum is a virulence factor that catalyses tissue damage, leading to improved host invasion and colonisation. Besides the major role of ColH in pathogenicity, its extracellular localisation makes it a highly attractive target for the development of new antivirulence agents. Previously, we had found that a highly selective and potent thiol prodrug (with a hydrolytically cleavable thiocarbamate unit) provided efficient ColH inhibition. We now report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a range of zinc-binding group (ZBG) variants of this thiol-derived inhibitor, with the mercapto unit being replaced by other zinc ligands. Among these, an analogue with a phosphonate motif as ZBG showed promising activity against ColH, an improved selectivity profile, and significantly higher stability than the thiol reference compound, thus making it an attractive candidate for future drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Voos
- Department of PharmacyPharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus C2 366123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Esther Schönauer
- Department of Biosciences andChristian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar CharacterizationDivision of Structural BiologyUniversity of SalzburgBillrothstrasse 115020SalzburgAustria
| | - Alaa Alhayek
- Department of Drug Design and OptimizationHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8 166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland UniversityCampus E8 166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Department of Drug Design and OptimizationHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8 166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Anastasia Andreas
- Department of Microbial Natural ProductsHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8 166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland UniversityCampus E8 166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural ProductsHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8 166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland UniversityCampus E8 166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Department of Drug Design and OptimizationHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8 166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland UniversityCampus E8 166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Hans Brandstetter
- Department of Biosciences andChristian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar CharacterizationDivision of Structural BiologyUniversity of SalzburgBillrothstrasse 115020SalzburgAustria
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Department of Drug Design and OptimizationHelmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8 166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland UniversityCampus E8 166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of PharmacyPharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistrySaarland UniversityCampus C2 366123SaarbrückenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Caffeine-Cyclodextrin Complexes as Solids: Synthesis, Biological and Physicochemical Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084191. [PMID: 33919556 PMCID: PMC8073077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemical and in-solution synthesis of caffeine complexes with α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins was optimized. It was found that short-duration, low-energy cogrinding, and evaporation (instead of freeze-drying) are effective methods for the formation and isolation of these complexes. The products obtained, their pure components, and their mixtures were examined by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, molecular modeling provided an improved understanding of the association process between the guest and host molecules in these complexes. The complexes were found to exhibit high toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, in contrast to pure caffeine and cyclodextrins at the same molar concentrations. HPLC measurements of the caffeine levels in zebrafish embryos showed that the observed cytotoxicity is not caused by an increased caffeine concentration in the body of the organism, as the concentrations are similar regardless of the administered caffeine form. Therefore, the observed high toxicity could be the result of the synergistic effect of caffeine and cyclodextrins.
Collapse
|
65
|
Effects of Solvents, Emulsions, Cosolvents, and Complexions on Ex Vivo Mouse Myometrial Contractility. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:586-595. [PMID: 33852137 PMCID: PMC8782813 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A great need exists to develop tocolytic and uterotonic drugs that combat poor, labor-related maternal and fetal outcomes. A widely utilized method to assess novel compounds for their tocolytic and uterotonic efficacy is the isometric organ bath contractility assay. Unfortunately, water-insoluble compounds can be difficult to test using the physiological, buffer-based, organ bath assay. Common methods for overcoming solubility issues include solvent variation, cosolvency, surfactant or complexion use, and emulsification. However, these options for drug delivery or formulation can impact tissue function. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of common solvents, surfactants, cosolvents, and emulsions to adequately solubilize compounds in the organ bath assay without affecting mouse myometrial contractility. We found that acetone, acetonitrile, and ethanol had the least effect, while dimethylacetamide, ethyl acetate, and isopropanol displayed the greatest inhibition of myometrial contractility based on area under the contractile curve analyses. The minimum concentration of surfactants, cosolvents, and human serum albumin required to solubilize nifedipine, a current tocolytic drug, resulted in extensive bubbling in the organ bath assay, precluding their use. Finally, we report that an oil-in-water base emulsion containing no drug has no statistical effect beyond the control (water), while the drug emulsion yielded the same potency and efficacy as the freely solubilized drug.
Collapse
|
66
|
Haney MG, Wimsett M, Liu C, Blackburn JS. Protocol for rapid assessment of the efficacy of novel Wnt inhibitors using zebrafish models. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100433. [PMID: 33889852 PMCID: PMC8050796 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of Wnt signaling is a hallmark of many cancers, and the development of effective, non-toxic small-molecule Wnt inhibitors is desirable. Off-target toxicities of new compounds are typically tested in mouse models, which is both costly and time consuming. Here, we present a rapid and inexpensive protocol to determine the in vivo toxicity and efficacy of novel Wnt inhibitors in zebrafish using a combination of a fluorescence reporter assay as well as eye rescue and fin regeneration assays. These experiments are completed within 1 week to rapidly narrow drug candidates before moving to more expensive pre-clinical testing. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zhang et al. (2020).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan G Haney
- University of Kentucky, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Lexington, KY 40509, USA.,University of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY 40509, USA
| | - Mary Wimsett
- University of Kentucky, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Lexington, KY 40509, USA
| | - Chunming Liu
- University of Kentucky, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Lexington, KY 40509, USA.,University of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY 40509, USA
| | - Jessica S Blackburn
- University of Kentucky, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Lexington, KY 40509, USA.,University of Kentucky, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY 40509, USA
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Uheida A, Mejía HG, Abdel-Rehim M, Hamd W, Dutta J. Visible light photocatalytic degradation of polypropylene microplastics in a continuous water flow system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124299. [PMID: 33131945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution of water and ecosystem is attracting continued attention worldwide. Due to their small sizes (≤5 mm) microplastic particles can be discharged to the environment from treated wastewater effluents. As microplastics have polluted most of our aquatic ecosystems, often finding its way into drinking water, there is urgent need to find new solutions for tackling the menace of microplastic pollution. In this work, sustainable green photocatalytic removal of microplastics from water activated by visible light is proposed as a tool for the removal of microplastics from water. We propose a novel strategy for the elimination of microplastics using glass fiber substrates to trap low density microplastic particles such as polypropylene (PP) which in parallel support the photocatalyst material. Photocatalytic degradation of PP microplastics spherical particles suspended in water by visible light irradiation of zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) immobilized onto glass fibers substrates in a flow through system is demonstrated. Upon irradiation of PP microplastics for two weeks under visible light reduced led to a reduction of the average particle volume by 65%. The major photodegradation by-products were identified using GC/MS and found to be molecules that are considered to be mostly nontoxic in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdusalam Uheida
- Functional Materials, Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugo Giraldo Mejía
- Functional Materials, Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden; Advanced Mining Technology Center (AMTC), Santiago de Chile, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Rehim
- Functional Materials, Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Solna, Sweden
| | - Wael Hamd
- Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lebanese University, Campus Rafic Hariri, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Joydeep Dutta
- Functional Materials, Department of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 114 19 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Azhari H, Younus M, Hook SM, Boyd BJ, Rizwan SB. Cubosomes enhance drug permeability across the blood-brain barrier in zebrafish. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120411. [PMID: 33675926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The potential of cubosomes to improve delivery of incorporated cargo to the brain was explored in zebrafish. Cubosomes were formulated with one of three stabilisers, Pluronic F68, Pluronic F127 or Tween 80, with the hypothesis that coating with Tween 80 will enable brain targeting of cubosomes as has been previously shown for polymeric nanoparticles. The physiochemical properties and the ability of the cubosomes to facilitate delivery of the model drug lissamine rhodamine (RhoB) into the brain was investigated. Distribution of cubosomes in the midbrain was also investigated by ultrastructural analysis via incorporation of octanethiol-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Cubosomes were typically 165-195 nm in size with a Pn3m (Pluronics) or Im3m (Tween 80) cubic phase internal structure. Cubosomes were injected intravenously into zebrafish larvae (12-14 days post fertilization) and the concentration of RhoB in the midbrain was determined by quantifying its fluorescence intensity. Uptake of RhoB was significantly greater in larvae injected with Tween 80 stabilized cubosomes as compared to a control suspension of RhoB or cubosomes stabilized with Pluronics. Collectively, we show for the first time that cubosomes can be functionalized to deliver drug across the BBB, offering new opportunities to overcome drug delivery issues across this formidable biological barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Azhari
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mohammad Younus
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah M Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shakila B Rizwan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Pullaguri N, Grover P, Abhishek S, Rajakumara E, Bhargava Y, Bhargava A. Triclosan affects motor function in zebrafish larva by inhibiting ache and syn2a genes. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128930. [PMID: 33223207 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of triclosan in personal care products as an antimicrobial agent is leading to its alarming tissue-bioaccumulation including human brain. However, knowledge of its potential effects on the vertebrate nervous system is still limited. Here, we hypothesized that sublethal triclosan concentrations are potent enough to alter motor neuron structure and function in zebrafish embryos exposed for prolonged duration. In this study, zebrafish embryos were used as vertebrate-animal model. Prolonged exposure (up to 4 days) of 0.6 mg/L (LC50, 96 h) and 0.3 mg/L (<LC50, Sublethal) triclosan produced aberrations in motor neuron innervations in skeletal muscles and reduced touch-evoked escape response in zebrafish larvae. This suggests motor dysfunction in treated embryos. To further explore the mechanisms of triclosan induced neurotoxicity, we determined the enzyme activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the expression of acetylcholinesterase (ache), myelin basic protein (mbp) and synapsin IIa (syn2a) genes which play an important role in the neural development and synaptic transmission. The ache and syn2a genes were down-regulated in triclosan treated larvae without any significant changes in mbp gene expression. At functional level, we observed a decrease in the AChE activity. Furthermore, docking results showed that triclosan can form a stable interaction with binding pocket of AChE and perhaps it can compete with natural acetylcholine for direct binding to AChE thereby inhibiting it and affecting cholinergic transmission. Therefore, triclosan can be regarded as a neurotoxic agent even at sublethal concentrations. Overall, the growing toxicological evidence against triclosan including ours suggest caution in its widespread use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha Pullaguri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Poonam Grover
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Suman Abhishek
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Eerappa Rajakumara
- Macromolecular Structural Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India
| | - Yogesh Bhargava
- Molecular Engineering and Imaging Lab, School of Biological Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, MP, 470003, India
| | - Anamika Bhargava
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana, 502285, India.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Natural rosin modified carboxymethyl cellulose delivery system with lowered toxicity for long-term pest control. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117749. [PMID: 33673979 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing world-wide demand for food has prompted the development of efficient and environmentally friendly pesticide formulations. In this article, we have prepared CMC-g-PRSG carrier based on two compounds from natural materials carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and rosin (RS). The model pesticide avermectin (AVM) was encapsulated through hydrophobic interaction, and self-assembled to form nanopesticide AVM@CMC-g-PRSG with an average particle size of 167 nm. The prepared nanopesticide displays enhanced dispersibility and stability of AVM in water, and can effectively adhere to the leaves to prevent loss. The release rate of AVM encapsulated in the nanocarrier can be controlled by adjusting pH, and AVM half-life under ultraviolet radiation shows a 3-fold increase allowing control of pests for prolonged periods of time in practical applications. Biological safety tests showed that AVM@CMC-g-PRSG effectively reduces the toxicity of AVM to aquatic animals. Therefore, the cheap and degradable carrier CMC-g-PRSG can improve the effect of hydrophobic pesticides.
Collapse
|
71
|
Schmitt C, Peterson E, Willis A, Kumar N, McManus M, Subbiah S, Crago J. Transgenerational effects of developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos-oxon in zebrafish (DANIO RERIO). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 408:115275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
72
|
Audira G, Siregar P, Chen JR, Lai YH, Huang JC, Hsiao CD. Systematical exploration of the common solvent toxicity at whole organism level by behavioral phenomics in adult zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115239. [PMID: 32795887 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Common solvents are frequently used as carriers to dissolve chemicals with a hydrophobic property that is extensively applied in the industrial and biomedical fields. In this study, we aimed to systematically study the sub-chronic effect of ten common solvents at low concentration exposure in adult zebrafish and perform neurobehavioral assessments for mechanistic exploration. After exposed to ten common solvents, including methanol, ethanol (EtOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), isopropanol, acetone, polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400), glycerol, butanol, pentane, and tetrahydrofuran for continuous 10 day at 0.1% concentration level, adult zebrafish were subjected to perform a serial of behavioral tests, such as novel tank, mirror biting, predator avoidance, social interaction and shoaling. Later, 20 behavioral endpoints obtained from these five tests were transformed into a scoring matrix. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchy clustering were performed to evaluate and compare the zebrafish behavior profiling. By using this phenomic approach, we were able to systematically evaluate the toxicity of the common solvents in zebrafish at a neurobehavioral level for the first time and found each common solvent-induced unique behavioral alteration to produce fingerprint-like patterns in hierarchy clustering and heatmap analysis. Among all tested common solvents, acetone and PEG-400 displayed better biocompatibility and less toxicity since they triggered less behavioral and biochemical alterations while methanol and DMSO caused severe behavior alterations in zebrafish after chronic exposure of these solvents. We conclude the behavioral phenomic approach conducted in this study providing a powerful tool to a systematical exploration of the common solvent toxicity at the whole organism level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Audira
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan
| | - Petrus Siregar
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Ren Chen
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Heng Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, 11114, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Chin Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung, 900391, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan; Center of Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 320314, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Trawiński J, Kozioł E, Skibiński R. Influence of the UV-Vis irradiation on the acute toxicity to zebrafish and mutagenicity of the selected psychotropic drugs. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:1624-1637. [PMID: 33043805 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1829890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the UV-Vis radiation on the toxicity of agomelatine, loxapine, clozapine and tiapride was studied. The phototransformation procedure was conducted with the use of simulated solar radiation. In the case of each compound irradiation time necessary to decompose half of the initial concentration was chosen. The embryotoxicity and acute toxicity were evaluated using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and larvae. The mutagenicity assay was done with the use of a micro-plate Ames test. Generally, the embryotoxicity decreased after the irradiation procedure. The obtained results showed that tiapride is the least toxic compound to zebrafish, however, its toxicity toward larvae increases after the irradiation. Similarly, the mutagenic potential of the mixture of tiapride photoproducts is higher than in the case of parent compound. The phototransformation of loxapine resulted in the change of the acute toxicity profile and increased the rate of reverse mutations in the Ames test. Oppositely, the irradiation of agomelatine caused the decrease of mutagenic potential and acute toxicity was also lower in the postirradiated mixture. The phototransformation of clozapine did not alter the mutagenicity and decreased the acute toxicity to the zebrafish larvae. In silico calculations showed a satisfactory prediction ability in some instances, especially in the case of mutagenic potential of the tiapride phototransformation products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Trawiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kozioł
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Skibiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Merola C, Perugini M, Conte A, Angelozzi G, Bozzelli M, Amorena M. Embryotoxicity of methylparaben to zebrafish (Danio rerio) early-life stages. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 236:108792. [PMID: 32428600 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methylparaben (MeP) is widely used as preservative in personal care products, food commodities and pharmaceuticals due to its antimicrobial properties. Its widespread use resulted in the contamination of aquatic environment and raised concerns about the potential adverse effects on human health, especially in the developing organisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the embryotoxicity of MeP in zebrafish early-life stages applying the benchmark-dose (BMD) methodology to Fish embryo acute toxicity (FET) tests-OECD guideline 236. Toxic effects were studied by daily evaluation of lethal endpoints, hatching rate and sublethal alterations. Zebrafish fertilized eggs were exposed until 96 h post fertilization (hpf) to five concentrations of MeP: 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 60 mg/L and 80 mg/L. The lethal concentration 50 (LC 50) was 72.67 mg/L. Indeed, BMD confidence interval (lower bound, BMDL-upper bound, BMDU) was 40.8-57.4 mg/L for lethal endpoints and 16-26.5 mg/L for toxicity index, that includes both lethal and sublethal alterations. Zebrafish embryos exposed to MeP developed sublethal alterations including pericardial edema, yolk edema, blood stasis, reduction in blood circulation, reduced heartbeat and notochord curvature. The number of embryos exposed to the highest concentrations of MeP that reported sublethal alterations increased between 24hpf and 48 hpf-72 hpf-96 hpf. Only zebrafish larvae treated with 30 mg/L of MeP showed behavioural changes. This study highlighted the detrimental effects of MeP on zebrafish early-life stages with attention to its developmental toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Merola
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - M Perugini
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Italy.
| | - A Conte
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale "G. Caporale", via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - G Angelozzi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - M Bozzelli
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Italy
| | - M Amorena
- Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
A vertebrate model to reveal neural substrates underlying the transitions between conscious and unconscious states. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15789. [PMID: 32978423 PMCID: PMC7519646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of neuropharmacology has not yet achieved a full understanding of how the brain transitions between states of consciousness and drug-induced unconsciousness, or anesthesia. Many small molecules are used to alter human consciousness, but the repertoire of underlying molecular targets, and thereby the genes, are incompletely understood. Here we describe a robust larval zebrafish model of anesthetic action, from sedation to general anesthesia. We use loss of movement under three different conditions, spontaneous movement, electrical stimulation or a tap, as a surrogate for sedation and general anesthesia, respectively. Using these behavioral patterns, we find that larval zebrafish respond to inhalational and IV anesthetics at concentrations similar to mammals. Additionally, known sedative drugs cause loss of spontaneous larval movement but not to the tap response. This robust, highly tractable vertebrate model can be used in the detection of genes and neural substrates involved in the transition from consciousness to unconsciousness.
Collapse
|
76
|
Malhotra N, Hsu HS, Liang ST, Roldan MJM, Lee JS, Ger TR, Hsiao CD. An Updated Review of Toxicity Effect of the Rare Earth Elements (REEs) on Aquatic Organisms. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1663. [PMID: 32947815 PMCID: PMC7552131 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) or "technology metals" were coined by the U.S. Department of Energy, a group of seventeen elements found in the Earth's crust. These chemical elements are vital and irreplaceable to the world of technology owing to their unique physical, chemical, and light-emitting properties, all of which are beneficial in modern healthcare, telecommunication, and defense. Rare earth elements are relatively abundant in Earth's crust, with critical qualities to the device performance. The reuse and recycling of rare earth elements through different technologies can minimize impacts on the environment; however, there is insufficient data about their biological, bioaccumulation, and health effects. The increasing usage of rare earth elements has raised concern about environmental toxicity, which may further cause harmful effects on human health. The study aims to review the toxicity analysis of these rare earth elements concerning aquatic biota, considering it to be the sensitive indicator of the environment. Based on the limited reports of REE effects, the review highlights the need for more detailed studies on the hormetic effects of REEs. Aquatic biota is a cheap, robust, and efficient platform to study REEs' toxicity, mobility of REEs, and biomagnification in water bodies. REEs' diverse effects on aquatic life forms have been observed due to the lack of safety limits and extensive use in the various sectors. In accordance with the available data, we have put in efforts to compile all the relevant research results in this paper related to the topic "toxicity effect of REEs on aquatic life".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nemi Malhotra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
| | - Hua-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan;
| | - Sung-Tzu Liang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
| | - Marri Jmelou M. Roldan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines;
| | - Jiann-Shing Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan;
| | - Tzong-Rong Ger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan;
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Zhou W, Wang J, Zhang J, Peng C, Li G, Li D. Environmentally relevant concentrations of geosmin affect the development, oxidative stress, apoptosis and endocrine disruption of embryo-larval zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139373. [PMID: 32473435 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Geosmin (trans-1, 10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol), a volatile organic compound, has been widely detected in aquatic ecosystems. However, the ecological effects of geosmin are not clear. Here, using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo as a model, we investigated biological activity effects of environmentally relevant concentrations (50, 500, 5000 ng/L) of geosmin on the developing zebrafish starting from 2 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 96 hpf. Results showed geosmin had no effect on hatchability, malformations and mortality. However, we observed that geosmin exposure significantly increased zebrafish body length in a concentration dependent manner. This effect was possibly due to up-regulation of expression of genes along the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and catalase (CAT) activities significantly increased at 96 hpf when the embryos were exposed to 500 and 5000 ng/L of geosmin. The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities decreased significantly after the exposure to 5000 ng/L geosmin. Simultaneously, exposure to geosmin resulted in significant increase in cell apoptosis, mainly in the heart area. The mRNA levels of the genes related to oxidative stress and apoptosis were also altered significantly after geosmin exposure. These findings indicated that geosmin can simultaneously induce multiple responses during zebrafish embryonic development, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, and endocrine disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; College of Chemistry, Biology and Environmental Engineering, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, PR China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Chengrong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Genbao Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Dunhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Lanzarin GAB, Venâncio CAS, Monteiro SM, Félix LM. Behavioural toxicity of environmental relevant concentrations of a glyphosate commercial formulation - RoundUp® UltraMax - During zebrafish embryogenesis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126636. [PMID: 32276117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of herbicides with glyphosate as an active ingredient (a.i.) has increased dramatically in recent years, with its residues often being found in either soil or water. Nevertheless, concerns have arisen about its harmful side effects for both ecosystems and wildlife health. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the effects of a commercial formulation of glyphosate (RoundUp® UltraMax), at environmentally relevant concentrations on zebrafish embryos through a set of behavioural patterns. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0, 1, 2 and 5 μg a.i. mL-1 concentrations of the glyphosate formulation for 72 h (from 2.5 to 75 h post-fertilization (hpf)). After exposure, larvae were washed and allowed to develop until 144 hpf. At this point, the larvae behaviour was evaluated using a battery of tests to assess the general exploratory motility, escape-like responses, anxiety-related behaviours and social interactions. In addition, cortisol levels were assessed. No significant changes were observed relative to the exploratory behaviour in the standard open field. The anxiety-related behaviours were similar among groups, and no social interference was observed following exposure to these glyphosate concentrations. Likewise, cortisol levels remained similar among treatments. Still, the larvae exposed to 5 μg a.i. mL-1 did not react to the presence of an aversive stimulus, supporting glyphosate-induced changes in the sensory-motor coordination during development. In general, these results indicate a possible neurotoxic effect of this glyphosate-based formulation that should be further evaluated. In addition, the results obtained could impose a risk for wildlife sensitive species that should not be neglected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germano A B Lanzarin
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos A S Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Animal Science, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Animal Science, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís M Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3s), Laboratory Animal Science (LAS), Instituto de Biologia Molecular Celular (IBMC), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Brillatz T, Kubo M, Takahashi S, Jozukuri N, Takechi K, Queiroz EF, Marcourt L, Allard PM, Fish R, Harada K, Ishizawa K, Crawford AD, Fukuyama Y, Wolfender JL. Metabolite Profiling of Javanese Ginger Zingiber purpureum and Identification of Antiseizure Metabolites via a Low-Cost Open-Source Zebrafish Bioassay-Guided Isolation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7904-7915. [PMID: 32628839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The rhizomes of Zingiber purpureum, "Bangle", were investigated for its antiseizure properties using a streamlined and cost-effective zebrafish screening strategy and a mouse epilepsy assay. Its hexane extract demonstrated strong antiseizure activity in zebrafish epilepsy assay and was, therefore, selected for bioactivity-guided fractionation. Twelve compounds (1-12) were isolated, and two bioactive phenylbutenoids, trans- (11) and cis-banglene (12), reduced up to 70% of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. These compounds showed moderate activity against PTZ-induced seizures in a mouse epilepsy assay. To understand the specificity of Z. purpureum active compounds, its chemical profile was compared to that of Z. officinale. Their composition was assessed by differential metabolite profiling visualized by a molecular network, which revealed only vanillin derivatives and terpenoids as common metabolites and gave a comprehensive view of Z. purpureum composition. This study demonstrates the efficacy of a streamlined zebrafish epilepsy assay, which is therefore suitable for routine screening in phytochemistry laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Théo Brillatz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shimon Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Natsumi Jozukuri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Marie Allard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Richard Fish
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, CMU-Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Alexander D Crawford
- Department of Preclinical Sciences & Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ulleva°lsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU-Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Konstantinović J, Yahiaoui S, Alhayek A, Haupenthal J, Schönauer E, Andreas A, Kany AM, Müller R, Koehnke J, Berger FK, Bischoff M, Hartmann RW, Brandstetter H, Hirsch AKH. N-Aryl-3-mercaptosuccinimides as Antivirulence Agents Targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Elastase and Clostridium Collagenases. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8359-8368. [PMID: 32470298 PMCID: PMC7429951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In light of the global
antimicrobial-resistance crisis, there is
an urgent need for novel bacterial targets and antibiotics with novel
modes of action. It has been shown that Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase (LasB) and Clostridium histolyticum (Hathewaya histolytica) collagenase (ColH) play a significant
role in the infection process and thereby represent promising antivirulence
targets. Here, we report novel N-aryl-3-mercaptosuccinimide
inhibitors that target both LasB and ColH, displaying potent activities in vitro and high selectivity for the bacterial over human
metalloproteases. Additionally, the inhibitors demonstrate no signs
of cytotoxicity against selected human cell lines and in a zebrafish
embryo toxicity model. Furthermore, the most active ColH inhibitor
shows a significant reduction of collagen degradation in an ex vivo pig-skin model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Konstantinović
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Samir Yahiaoui
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alaa Alhayek
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Esther Schönauer
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstr. 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anastasia Andreas
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas M Kany
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jesko Koehnke
- Workgroup Structural Biology of Biosynthetic Enzymes, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Fabian K Berger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Rolf W Hartmann
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hans Brandstetter
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstr. 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Cushnie TPT, Cushnie B, Echeverría J, Fowsantear W, Thammawat S, Dodgson JLA, Law S, Clow SM. Bioprospecting for Antibacterial Drugs: a Multidisciplinary Perspective on Natural Product Source Material, Bioassay Selection and Avoidable Pitfalls. Pharm Res 2020; 37:125. [PMID: 32529587 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioprospecting is the exploration, extraction and screening of biological material and sometimes indigenous knowledge to discover and develop new drugs and other products. Most antibiotics in current clinical use (eg. β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides) were discovered using this approach, and there are strong arguments to reprioritize bioprospecting over other strategies in the search for new antibacterial drugs. Academic institutions should be well positioned to lead the early stages of these efforts given their many thousands of locations globally and because they are not constrained by the same commercial considerations as industry. University groups can lack the full complement of knowledge and skills needed though (eg. how to tailor screening strategy to biological source material). In this article, we review three key aspects of the bioprospecting literature (source material and in vitro antibacterial and toxicity testing) and present an integrated multidisciplinary perspective on (a) source material selection, (b) legal, taxonomic and other issues related to source material, (c) cultivation methods, (d) bioassay selection, (e) technical standards available, (f) extract/compound dissolution, (g) use of minimum inhibitory concentration and selectivity index values to identify progressible extracts and compounds, and (h) avoidable pitfalls. The review closes with recommendations for future study design and information on subsequent steps in the bioprospecting process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Tim Cushnie
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, 269 Nakornsawan Road, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand.
| | - Benjamart Cushnie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai, Thailand
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Winita Fowsantear
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, 269 Nakornsawan Road, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - Sutthiwan Thammawat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, 269 Nakornsawan Road, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | | | - Samantha Law
- National Collection of Industrial, Food and Marine Bacteria (NCIMB) Ltd, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Simon M Clow
- PMI BioPharma Solutions LLC, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Carbaugh CM, Widder MW, Phillips CS, Jackson DA, DiVito VT, van der Schalie WH, Glover KP. Assessment of zebrafish embryo photomotor response sensitivity and phase-specific patterns following acute- and long-duration exposure to neurotoxic chemicals and chemical weapon precursors. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1272-1283. [PMID: 32378258 PMCID: PMC7496110 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are an attractive model for chemical screening due to their adaptability to high‐throughput platforms and ability to display complex phenotypes in response to chemical exposure. The photomotor response (PMR) is an established and reproducible phenotype of the zebrafish embryo, observed 24 h post‐fertilization in response to a predefined sequence of light stimuli. In an effort to evaluate the sensitivity and effectiveness of the zebrafish embryo PMR assay for toxicity screening, we analyzed chemicals known to cause both neurological effects and developmental abnormalities, following both short (1 h) and long (16 h+) duration exposures. These include chemicals that inhibit aerobic respiration (eg, cyanide), acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors (organophosphates pesticides) and several chemical weapon precursor compounds with variable toxicity profiles and poorly understood mechanisms of toxicity. We observed notable concentration‐responsive, phase‐specific effects in the PMR after exposure to chemicals with a known mechanism of action. Chemicals with a more general toxicity profile (toxic chemical weapon precursors) appeared to reduce all phases of the PMR without a notable phase‐specific effect. Overall, 10 of 20 chemicals evaluated elicited an effect on the PMR response and eight of those 10 chemicals were picked up in both the short‐ and long‐duration assays. In addition, the patterns of response uniquely differentiated chemical weapon precursor effects from those elicited by inhibitors of aerobic respiration and organophosphates. By providing a rapid screening test for neurobehavioral effects, the zebrafish PMR test could help identify potential mechanisms of action and target compounds for more detailed follow‐on toxicological evaluations. Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. In an effort to evaluate the sensitivity and effectiveness of the zebrafish embryo photomotor response (PMR) assay for toxicity screening, we analyzed chemicals known to cause both neurological effects and developmental abnormalities, following both short‐ (1 h) and long‐duration (16 h+) exposures. Overall, 10 of 20 chemicals evaluated elicited an effect on the PMR assay and eight of those 10 chemicals were picked up in both the short‐ and long‐duration assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chance M Carbaugh
- U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Mark W Widder
- U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Christopher S Phillips
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
| | - David A Jackson
- U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Valerie T DiVito
- U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Military Operational Medicine Research Program, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - William H van der Schalie
- U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Kyle P Glover
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Panecatl Bernal Y, Alvarado J, Rodríguez-Macias FJ, Juárez RL, García-Gallegos JC, Chávez-Portillo M, Méndez-Rojas MÁ. Efficient anchoring of nanostructured cadmium selenide on different kinds of carbon nanotubes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:275601. [PMID: 32109905 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7b04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for the efficient anchoring of cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles on the surface of different types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (purified, N-doped, O-doped and exfoliated). Characterization using different types of electron microscopies (SEM, STEM, and TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray diffraction showed well anchored CdSe nanoparticles (NP) on the nanotube surfaces, NP shapes and sizes varied with temperature and other synthesis conditions, and formed with good yields. The method here reported does not require previous activation of the carbon nanotube surface by chemical functionalization, nor the use of organic solvents, and the reaction proceeded in aqueous solutions, making this process simpler and more environmentally friendly than others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yesmin Panecatl Bernal
- Centro de Investigación en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, 2570, México
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Christou M, Kavaliauskis A, Ropstad E, Fraser TWK. DMSO effects larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior, with additive and interaction effects when combined with positive controls. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:134490. [PMID: 31905542 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic and larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) behavior is commonly used to identify neurotoxic compounds. Here, we investigated whether sub-lethal exposures to the common solvents dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 0.01-1%) and methanol (MeOH, 0.01-1%), or the anti-fungal agent methylene blue (MB, 0.0001-0.0005%), can influence larval behavior in a simple light/dark paradigm conducted in 96-well plates. In addition, we tested whether the media volume within the behavioral arena or the zebrafish strain, AB wild type, AB Tübingen (AB/TU), or Tüpfel long-fin (TL), could also influence larval behavior. Following the single exposures, we co-exposed larvae to DMSO and either MB or two other compounds with known behavioral effects in larval zebrafish, flutamide and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). We found ≥0.55% DMSO and 0.0005% MB significantly affected larval behavior, but there was no effect of MeOH. Similarly, TL showed less movement compared to AB and AB/TU strains, whereas lower media volumes also significantly reduced larval movement. However, all strains responded similarly to DMSO and MB. In the co-exposure studies, we found either additive or interaction effects between DMSO and either MB, flutamide, or PFOS, depending on the behavioral endpoint measured. In addition, media volume had no effect on the DMSO concentration response curve, but again we observed additive effects on behavior. In conclusion, methodology can lead to alterations in baseline locomotor activity and compounds can have additive or interaction effects on behavioral endpoints. However, we found no evidence that strain effects should be a concern when deciding on solvents for a simple light/dark behavioral test in larval zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Christou
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arturas Kavaliauskis
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Ropstad
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Kumar N, Willis A, Satbhai K, Ramalingam L, Schmitt C, Moustaid-Moussa N, Crago J. Developmental toxicity in embryo-larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to strobilurin fungicides (azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:124980. [PMID: 31600620 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin are broad spectrum strobilurin fungicides that have been measured in the aquatic environment. Strobilurins inhibit mitochondrial respiration by binding to the mitochondrial respiratory complex III. The goal of this study was to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the developing zebrafish from exposure to azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin. Exposure studies were performed where zebrafish embryos were exposed to azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin at 0.1, 10, 100 μg/L from 4 hpf to 48 hpf to measure mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress mRNA transcripts, and 5 dpf to measure movement, growth, oxygen consumption, enzymatic activities, and mRNA transcripts. Results from this study indicated that there was a significant reduction in both basal and maximal respiration at 48 hpf in zebrafish exposed to 100 μg/L of pyraclostrobin. There was no difference in oxidative stress or apoptotic mRNA transcripts at 48 hpf, indicating that the two strobilurins were acting first on mitochondrial function and not directly through oxidative stress. At 5 dpf, standard body length was significantly reduced with exposure to pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin exposure as compared to the control. These reductions in apical endpoints corresponded with increases in oxidative stress and apoptotic mRNA transcripts in treatment groups at 5 dpf indicating that strobilurins' exposure followed the adverse outcome pathway for mito-toxicants. Our results indicate that strobilurins can decrease mitochondrial function, which in turn lead to diminished growth and movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Kumar
- The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - A Willis
- The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - K Satbhai
- The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - L Ramalingam
- Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - C Schmitt
- The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - J Crago
- The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Aripiprazole prevents stress-induced anxiety and social impairment, but impairs antipredatory behavior in zebrafish. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 189:172841. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
87
|
Faisal Z, Garai E, Csepregi R, Bakos K, Fliszár-Nyúl E, Szente L, Balázs A, Cserháti M, Kőszegi T, Urbányi B, Csenki Z, Poór M. Protective effects of beta-cyclodextrins vs. zearalenone-induced toxicity in HeLa cells and Tg(vtg1:mCherry) zebrafish embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124948. [PMID: 31726616 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone is a xenoestrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species. High exposure with zearalenone induces reproductive disorders worldwide. Cyclodextrins are ring-shaped host molecules built up from glucose units. The apolar cavity of cyclodextrins can entrap so-called guest molecules. The formation of highly stable host-guest type complexes with cyclodextrins can decrease the biological effect of the guest molecule. Therefore, cyclodextrins may be suitable to decrease the toxicity of some xenobiotics even after the exposure. In this study, the protective effect of beta-cyclodextrins against zearalenone-induced toxicity was investigated in HeLa cells and zebrafish embryos. Fluorescence spectroscopic studies demonstrated the formation of stable complexes of zearalenone with sulfobutyl-, methyl-, and succinyl-methyl-substituted beta-cyclodextrins at pH 7.4 (K = 1.4-4.7 × 104 L/mol). These chemically modified cyclodextrins considerably decreased or even abolished the zearalenone-induced loss of cell viability in HeLa cells and mortality in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, the sublethal effects of zearalenone were also significantly alleviated by the co-treatment with beta-cyclodextrins. To test the estrogenic effect of the mycotoxin, a transgenic bioindicator zebrafish model (Tg(vtg1:mCherry)) was also applied. Our results suggest that the zearalenone-induced vitellogenin production is partly suppressed by the hepatotoxicity of zearalenone in zebrafish. This study demonstrates that the formation of stable zearalenone-cyclodextrin complexes can strongly decrease or even abolish the zearalenone-induced toxicity, both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, cyclodextrins appear as promising new mycotoxin binders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zelma Faisal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Edina Garai
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Rita Csepregi
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Bakos
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Ltd., Illatos út 7, H-1097, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Adrienn Balázs
- Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Mátyás Cserháti
- Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Béla Urbányi
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Csenki
- Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Brillatz T, Jacmin M, Queiroz EF, Marcourt L, Slacanin I, Petit C, Carrupt PA, Bum EN, Herrling P, Crawford AD, Wolfender JL. Zebrafish bioassay-guided isolation of antiseizure compounds from the Cameroonian medicinal plant Cyperus articulatus L. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 70:153175. [PMID: 32302934 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting more than 50 million people worldwide, of whom 80% live in low- and middle-income countries. Due to the limited availability of antiseizure drugs (ASDs) in these countries, medicinal plants are the first-line treatment for most epilepsy patients. In Cameroon, a decoction of Cyperus articulatus L. rhizomes is traditionally used to treat epilepsy. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify and isolate the active compounds responsible for the antiseizure activity of C. articulatus in order to confirm both its traditional medicinal usage and previous in vivo studies on extracts of this plant in mouse epilepsy models. METHODS The dried rhizomes of C. articulatus were extracted with solvents of increasing polaritie (hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water). A traditional decoction and an essential oil were also prepared. These extracts were evaluated for antiseizure activity using a larval zebrafish seizure model with seizures induced by the GABAA antagonist pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). The hexane extract demonstrated the highest antiseizure activity and was therefore selected for bioassay-guided fractionation. The isolated bioactive compounds were characterized by classical spectroscopic methods. Since they were found to be volatile, they were quantified by GC-FID. In addition, the absorption of the active compounds through the gastrointestinal tract and the blood-brain barrier was evaluated using a hexadecane and a blood-brain barrier parallel artificial membrane permeability assays (HDM-PAMPA and PAMPA-BBB). RESULTS The hexane extract of C. articulatus exhibited the highest antiseizure activity with a reduction of 93% of PTZ-induced seizures, and was therefore subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation in order to isolate the active principles. Four sesquiterpenoids were identified as cyperotundone (1), mustakone (2), 1,2-dehydro-α-cyperone (3) and sesquichamaenol (4) and exhibited significant antiseizure activity. These volatile compounds were quantified by GC in the hexane extract, the essential oil and the simulated traditional decoction. In addition, the constituents of the hexane extract including compounds 1 and 2 were found to cross the gastrointestinal barrier and the major compound 2 crossed the blood-brain barrier as well. CONCLUSION These results highlight the antiseizure activity of various sesquiterpene compounds from a hexane extract of C. articulatus dried rhizomes and support its use as a traditional treatment for epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Théo Brillatz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva 4 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Jacmin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Université du Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, Belvaux 4367, Luxembourg; Theracule S.á r.l., 9, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Belval 4362, Luxembourg
| | - Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva 4 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva 4 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Slacanin
- ILIS Institut & Laboratory, Chemin de la Passerelle 17, Bienne CH-2503, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Petit
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva 4 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Carrupt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva 4 CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Ngo Bum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Paul Herrling
- Novartis Pharma Ltd., Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Alexander D Crawford
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Université du Luxembourg, 6, avenue du Swing, Belvaux 4367, Luxembourg; Theracule S.á r.l., 9, avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, Belval 4362, Luxembourg; Department of Preclinical Sciences & Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, Oslo 0454, Norway
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, Geneva 4 CH-1211, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Caira MR. Cyclodextrin Inclusion of Medicinal Compounds for Enhancement of their Physicochemical and Biopharmaceutical Properties. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2357-2370. [PMID: 31648636 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191018101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their wide structural diversity and unique complexing properties, cyclodextrins (CDs) find manifold applications in drug discovery and development. The focus of this mini-review is on their uses as 'enabling excipients' both in the context of early drug discovery and in subsequent optimisation of drug performance. Features highlighted here include descriptions of the structures of CDs, synthetic derivatisation to fine-tune their properties, the nature of inclusion complexation of drugs within the CD cavity, methodology for the study of free and complexed hosts in the solid state and in solution, the inherent pharmacological activity of several CDs and its utility, novel CD-based drug delivery systems, and the role of CDs in drug discovery and optimisation. Illustrative examples are generally based on research reported during the last two decades. Application of CDs to the optimisation of the performance of established drugs is commonplace, but there are many opportunities for the intervention of CDs during the early stages of drug discovery, which could guide the selection of suitable candidates for development, thereby contributing to reducing the attrition rate of new molecular entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mino R Caira
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Supramolecular Chemistry Research, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Holden LL, Truong L, Simonich MT, Tanguay RL. Assessing the hazard of E-Cigarette flavor mixtures using zebrafish. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:110945. [PMID: 31712102 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Since 2007, electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) sales in the U.S. have surpassed those of tobacco cigarettes. This is due, in part, to manufacturer's claims that they are a safer alternative to tobacco cigarettes. However, formaldehyde, acrolein, and diacetyl have been detected in e-cigarettes and public knowledge of e-cigarette composition and ingredient bioactivity is conspicuously lacking. We evaluated the toxicity of nine e-cigarette flavor mixtures and their constituents in the developmental zebrafish, an excellent whole animal biosensor of chemical hazard. Seven of the nine flavors (78%) elicited adverse developmental responses at 1% by volume. The number of toxic endpoints varied greatly between flavors. Two flavors, Grape and Bubble Gum, had similar chemical compositions, but different toxicity profiles. We hypothesized that the toxicity was driven by a constituent present only in the Bubble Gum flavor, cinnamaldehyde. To replicate this toxicity, we built our own defined mixture. The addition of varying concentrations of cinnamaldehyde suggested that it drove the toxicity of these mixtures and that e-cigarette hazard can be flavor dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Holden
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, And the Environmental Health Sciences Center at Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, And the Environmental Health Sciences Center at Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Michael T Simonich
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, And the Environmental Health Sciences Center at Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, The Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, And the Environmental Health Sciences Center at Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
White DT, Saxena MT, Mumm JS. Let's get small (and smaller): Combining zebrafish and nanomedicine to advance neuroregenerative therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 148:344-359. [PMID: 30769046 PMCID: PMC6937731 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Several key attributes of zebrafish make them an ideal model system for the discovery and development of regeneration promoting therapeutics; most notably their robust capacity for self-repair which extends to the central nervous system. Further, by enabling large-scale drug discovery directly in living vertebrate disease models, zebrafish circumvent critical bottlenecks which have driven drug development costs up. This review summarizes currently available zebrafish phenotypic screening platforms, HTS-ready neurodegenerative disease modeling strategies, zebrafish small molecule screens which have succeeded in identifying regeneration promoting compounds and explores how intravital imaging in zebrafish can facilitate comprehensive analysis of nanocarrier biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. Finally, we discuss the benefits and challenges attending the combination of zebrafish and nanoparticle-based drug optimization, highlighting inspiring proof-of-concept studies and looking toward implementation across the drug development community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David T White
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Meera T Saxena
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Luminomics Inc., Baltimore, MD 21286, USA
| | - Jeff S Mumm
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Ren T, Xiao M, Yang M, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Hu M, Cheng Y, Xu H, Zhang C, Yan X, Zuo Z. Reduced Systemic and Brain Exposure with Inhibited Liver Metabolism of Carbamazepine After Its Long-Term Combination Treatment with Piperine for Epilepsy Control in Rats. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:90. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
93
|
Cebrián R, Rodríguez-Cabezas ME, Martín-Escolano R, Rubiño S, Garrido-Barros M, Montalbán-López M, Rosales MJ, Sánchez-Moreno M, Valdivia E, Martínez-Bueno M, Marín C, Gálvez J, Maqueda M. Preclinical studies of toxicity and safety of the AS-48 bacteriocin. J Adv Res 2019; 20:129-139. [PMID: 31360546 PMCID: PMC6637140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro antimicrobial potency of the bacteriocin AS-48 is well documented, but its clinical application requires investigation, as its toxicity could be different in in vitro (haemolytic and antibacterial activity in blood and cytotoxicity towards normal human cell lines) and in vivo (e.g. mice and zebrafish embryos) models. Overall, the results obtained are promising. They reveal the negligible propensity of AS-48 to cause cell death or impede cell growth at therapeutic concentrations (up to 27 μM) and support the suitability of this peptide as a potential therapeutic agent against several microbial infections, due to its selectivity and potency at low concentrations (in the range of 0.3-8.9 μM). In addition, AS-48 exhibits low haemolytic activity in whole blood and does not induce nitrite accumulation in non-stimulated RAW macrophages, indicating a lack of pro-inflammatory effects. The unexpected heightened sensitivity of zebrafish embryos to AS-48 could be due to the low differentiation state of these cells. The low cytotoxicity of AS-48, the absence of lymphocyte proliferation in vivo after skin sensitization in mice, and the lack of toxicity in a murine model support the consideration of the broad spectrum antimicrobial peptide AS-48 as a promising therapeutic agent for the control of a vast array of microbial infections, in particular, those involved in skin and soft tissue diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Cebrián
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology. Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Avda del Conocimiento s/n, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Rubén Martín-Escolano
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Susana Rubiño
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María Garrido-Barros
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology. Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Avda del Conocimiento s/n, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Montalbán-López
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María José Rosales
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Moreno
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Eva Valdivia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Clotilde Marín
- Department of Parasitology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.Granada), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology. Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), Avda del Conocimiento s/n, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Maqueda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Avda Fuentenueva s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Guerrero-Castilla A, Olivero-Verbel J, Sandoval IT, Jones DA. Toxic effects of a methanolic coal dust extract on fish early life stage. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:100-108. [PMID: 30986591 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coal dust is a contaminant that impacts the terrestrial and aquatic environment with a complex mixture of chemicals, including PAHs and metals. This study aims to evaluate the toxic effect of a methanolic coal dust extract on a fish early life stage by analyzing phenotypic alterations, transcriptome changes, and mortality in zebrafish (ZF) embryos. ZF embryos were exposed to methanolic coal dust extract at 1-5000 mg·L-1 and monitored using bright field microscopy 24 and 48 hpf to determine malformations and mortality. In situ hybridization, RNA sequencing, and qRT-PCR were employed to identify transcriptome changes in malformed embryos. Three malformed phenotypes were generated in a dose-dependent manner. In situ hybridization analysis revealed brain, somite, dorsal cord, and heart tube development biomarker alterations. Gene expression profile analysis identified changes in genes related to structural constituent of muscle, calcium ion binding, actin binding, melanin metabolic process, muscle contraction, sarcomere organization, cardiac myofibril assembly, oxidation-reduction process, pore complex, supramolecular fiber, striated muscle thin filament, Z disc, and intermediate filament. This study shows, for the first time, the malformations generated by a mixture of pollutants from a methanolic coal dust extract on a fish early life stage, constituting a potential risk for normal embryonic development of other aquatic vertebrate organisms. Furthermore, we establish that phenotypes and changes in gene expression induced by the extract constitute a target for future studies about mechanical toxicity and their utility as sensitive tools in environmental risk assessments for biota and humans exposed to coal mining activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Guerrero-Castilla
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique, 1100000, Chile; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
| | - Jesús Olivero-Verbel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Imelda T Sandoval
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David A Jones
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Kumar N, Awoyemi O, Willis A, Schmitt C, Ramalingam L, Moustaid-Moussa N, Crago J. Comparative Lipid Peroxidation and Apoptosis in Embryo-Larval Zebrafish Exposed to 3 Azole Fungicides, Tebuconazole, Propiconazole, and Myclobutanil, at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1455-1466. [PMID: 30919521 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Azole fungicides have entered the aquatic environment through agricultural and residential runoff. In the present study, we compared the off-target toxicity of tebuconazole, propiconazole, and myclobutanil using embryo-larval zebrafish as a model. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relative toxicity of tebuconazole, propiconazole, and myclobutanil using multiple-level endpoints such as behavioral endpoints and enzymatic and molecular biomarkers associated with their mode of action. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to azoles at environmentally relevant and high concentrations, 0.3, 1.0, and 1000 µg/L, starting at 5 h postfertilization (hpf) up to 48 hpf, as well as 5 d postfertilization (dpf). Relative mRNA expressions of cytochrome P450 family 51 lanosterol-14α-demethylase, glutathione S-transferase, caspase 9, phosphoprotein p53, and BCL2-associated X protein were measured to assess toxicity attributable to fungicides at the mRNA level, whereas caspase 3/7 (apoptosis) and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (lipid peroxidation) levels were measured at the enzymatic level. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction was measure through the Mito Stress test using the Seahorse XFe24 at 48 hpf. In addition, light to dark movement behavior was monitored at 5 dpf using Danio Vision® to understand adverse effects at the organismal level. There was no significant difference in the light to dark behavior with exposure to azoles compared to controls. The molecular biomarkers indicated that propiconazole and myclobutanil induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and potentially apoptosis at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.3 and 1 µg/L). The results from the mitochondrial respiration assay indicated a slight decrease in spare respiratory capacity with an acute exposure (48 hpf) to all 3 azoles at 1000 µg/L. Based on the present results, propiconazole and myclobutanil are acutely toxic compared to tebuconazole in aquatic organisms at environmentally relevant concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1455-1466. © 2019 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Kumar
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - O Awoyemi
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - A Willis
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - C Schmitt
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - L Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - N Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - J Crago
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Carretero-Ortega J, Chhangawala Z, Hunt S, Narvaez C, Menéndez-González J, Gay CM, Zygmunt T, Li X, Torres-Vázquez J. GIPC proteins negatively modulate Plexind1 signaling during vascular development. eLife 2019; 8:e30454. [PMID: 31050647 PMCID: PMC6499541 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins (SEMAs) and their Plexin (PLXN) receptors are central regulators of metazoan cellular communication. SEMA-PLXND1 signaling plays important roles in cardiovascular, nervous, and immune system development, and cancer biology. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that modulate SEMA-PLXND1 signaling. As PLXND1 associates with GIPC family endocytic adaptors, we evaluated the requirement for the molecular determinants of their association and PLXND1's vascular role. Zebrafish that endogenously express a Plxnd1 receptor with a predicted impairment in GIPC binding exhibit low penetrance angiogenesis deficits and antiangiogenic drug hypersensitivity. Moreover, gipc mutant fish show angiogenic impairments that are ameliorated by reducing Plxnd1 signaling. Finally, GIPC depletion potentiates SEMA-PLXND1 signaling in cultured endothelial cells. These findings expand the vascular roles of GIPCs beyond those of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-dependent, proangiogenic GIPC1-Neuropilin 1 complex, recasting GIPCs as negative modulators of antiangiogenic PLXND1 signaling and suggest that PLXND1 trafficking shapes vascular development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Carretero-Ortega
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Zinal Chhangawala
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Shane Hunt
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Carlos Narvaez
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Javier Menéndez-González
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Tomasz Zygmunt
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Population HealthNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jesús Torres-Vázquez
- Department of Cell Biology, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular MedicineNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Fu J, Gong Z, Bae S. Assessment of the effect of methyl-triclosan and its mixture with triclosan on developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 368:186-196. [PMID: 30677650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Methyl-triclosan (MTCS), as a biodegradation product from antibacterial triclosan (TCS), has been detected in water catchments, and it has also been verified to accumulate in biota due to its hydrophobicity. There is a lack, however, of toxicity studies on MTCS and its effects on organisms in conjunction with TCS. In this study, exposure experiments were conducted to assess the toxicity to embryonic zebrafish of selected concentrations of MTCS (from 1 ng/L to 400 μg/L) and MTCS/TCS mixtures (from 1 μg/L TCS and 100 ng/L MTCS to 300 μg/L TCS and 30 μg/L MTCS). Specimens were extracted using acetonitrile: isopropanol: water (3:3:2; v/v/v) and then analyzed using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the metabolites based on the Fiehn library database. The results showed that MTCS exposure led to the alterations of the metabolomes of the zebrafish embryos, including level changes of l-valine, d-mannose, d-glucose, and other metabolites. Multivariate analysis (PCA, PLS-DA, sPLS-DA) and univariate analysis (one-way ANOVA) indicated differences between the control and exposure groups of the metabolites, indicating that biological pathways, such as amino acid synthesis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), starch and sucrose metabolism were influenced. Moreover, when the embryos were exposed to a mix of TCS and MTCS, TCS dominated the mixture's effect on biological pathways because the concentration ratio within the mixture, which mimics environmental ratio of 10 TCS : 1 MTCS, leads to high bioavailability of TCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sungwoo Bae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Phytochemical Evaluation, Embryotoxicity, and Teratogenic Effects of Curcuma longa Extract on Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3807207. [PMID: 30949217 PMCID: PMC6425308 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3807207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Curcuma longa L. is a rhizome plant often used as traditional medicinal preparations in Southeast Asia. The dried powder is commonly known as cure-all herbal medicine with a wider spectrum of pharmaceutical activities. In spite of the widely reported therapeutic applications of C. longa, research on its safety and teratogenic effects on zebrafish embryos and larvae is still limited. Hence, this research aimed to assess the toxicity of C. longa extract on zebrafish. Using a reflux flask, methanol extract of C. longa was extracted and the identification and quantification of total flavonoids were carried out with HPLC. Twelve fertilized embryos were selected to test the embryotoxicity and teratogenicity at different concentration points. The embryos were exposed to the extract in the E3M medium while the control was only exposed to E3M and different developmental endpoints were recorded with the therapeutic index calculated using the ratio of LC50/EC50. C. longa extract was detected to be highly rich in flavonoids with catechin, epicatechin, and naringenin as the 3 most abundant with concentrations of 3,531.34, 688.70, and 523.83μg/mL, respectively. The toxicity effects were discovered to be dose-dependent at dosage above 62.50μg/mL, while, at 125.0μg/mL, mortality of embryos was observed and physical body deformities of larvae were recorded among the hatched embryos at higher concentrations. Teratogenic effect of the extract was severe at higher concentrations producing physical body deformities such as kink tail, bend trunk, and enlarged yolk sac edema. Finally, the therapeutic index (TI) values calculated were approximately the same for different concentration points tested. Overall, the result revealed that plants having therapeutic potential could also pose threats when consumed at higher doses especially on the embryos. Therefore, detailed toxicity analysis should be carried out on medicinal plants to ascertain their safety on the embryos and its development.
Collapse
|
99
|
Michiels EDG, Vergauwen L, Lai FY, Town RM, Covaci A, van Nuijs ALN, Van Cruchten SJ, Knapen D. Advancing the Zebrafish embryo test for endocrine disruptor screening using micro-injection: Ethinyl estradiol as a case study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:533-547. [PMID: 30569562 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fish (embryo) toxicity test guidelines are mostly based on aquatic exposures. However, in some cases, other exposure routes can be more practical and relevant. Micro-injection into the yolk of fish embryos could offer a particular advantage for administering hydrophobic compounds, such as many endocrine disruptors. Single-dose micro-injection was compared with continuous aquatic exposure in terms of compound accumulation and biological responses. 17α-Ethinyl estradiol (EE2) was used as a model compound. First, the optimal solvent and droplet size were optimized, and needle variation was assessed. Next, biological endpoints were evaluated. The accumulated internal dose of EE2 decreased over time in both exposure scenarios. Estrogen receptor activation was concentration/injected dose dependent, increased daily, and was related to esr2b transcription. Transcription of vitellogenin 1 (vtg1) and brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) was induced in both scenarios, but the cyp19a1b transcription pattern differed between routes. Injection caused an increase in cyp19a1b transcripts from 48 hours post fertilization (hpf) onward, whereas after aquatic exposure the main increase occurred between 96 and 120 hpf. Some malformations only occurred after injection, whereas others were present for both scenarios. We conclude that responses can differ between exposure routes and therefore micro-injection is not a direct substitute for, but can be complementary to aquatic exposure. Nevertheless, vtg1and cyp19a1b transcription and estrogen receptor activation are suitable biomarkers for endocrine disruptor screening in both scenarios. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:533-547. © 2018 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen D G Michiels
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Raewyn M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alexander L N van Nuijs
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven J Van Cruchten
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Abstract
Tuberculosis is still a global health burden. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which afflicts around one third of the world's population and costs around 1.3 million people their lives every year. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine is inefficient to prevent overt infection. Additionally, the lengthy inconvenient course of treatment, along with the raising issue of antimicrobial resistance, result in incomplete eradication of this infectious disease. The lack of proper animal models that replicate the latent and active courses of human tuberculosis infection remains one of the main reasons behind the poor advancement in tuberculosis research. Danio rerio, commonly known as zebrafish, is catching more attention as an animal model in tuberculosis research field. This shift is based on the histological and pathological similarities between Mycobacterium marinum infection in zebrafish and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans. Being small, cheap, transparent, and easy to handle have added further advantages to the use of zebrafish model. Besides better understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium marinum infected zebrafish model is useful for evaluating novel vaccines against human tuberculosis, high throughput small molecule screening, repurposing established drugs with possible antitubercular activity, and assessing novel antituberculars for hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Bouz
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove , Charles University , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Nada Al Hasawi
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kuwait University , Kuwait , State of Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|