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Rens E, Michielsen J, Dom G, Remmen R, Van den Broeck K. Clinically assessed and perceived unmet mental health needs, health care use and barriers to care for mental health problems in a Belgian general population sample. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:455. [PMID: 35799153 PMCID: PMC9263045 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems often remain undetected and untreated. Prior research suggests that this is mainly due to a lack of need-perception and attitudinal barriers. The aim of this study is to examine unmet mental health needs using both a clinically assessed and a self-perceived approach in a Belgian province. METHODS A cross-sectional survey study with a weighted representative sample of 1208 individuals aged 15 - 80 years old was carried out in 2021 in the province of Antwerp (Belgium). Mental health needs were defined as a positive symptom screening for depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7) or alcohol abuse (AUDIT-C and CAGE), combined with experiencing significant dysfunction in daily life. Also 12-month health care use for mental health problems, self-perceived unmet mental health needs and reasons for not seeking (extra) help were assessed. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the predictors of mental health problems, health care use, and objective and subjective unmet mental health needs. RESULTS One in five participants had a positive screening on one of the scales, of whom half experienced dysfunction, leading to a prevalence of 10.4% mental health needs. Among those, only half used health care for their mental health, resulting in a population prevalence of 5.5% clinically assessed unmet mental health needs. Fourteen percent of the total sample perceived an unmet mental health need. However, more women and younger people perceived unmet needs, while clinically assessed unmet needs were higher among men and older people. One in six of the total sample used health care for their mental health, most of whom did not have a clinically assessed mental health need. Motivational reasons were most often endorsed for not seeking any help, while a financial barrier was the most important reason for not seeking extra help. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of unmet mental health needs is high. Assessed and perceived (unmet) mental health needs are both relevant and complementary, but are predicted by different factors. More research is needed on this discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Family Medicine and Population Health (FAMPOP), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. .,University of Antwerp, Gouverneur Kinsbergencentrum Room 00.56, Doornstraat 331, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Joris Michielsen
- grid.11505.300000 0001 2153 5088Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Geert Dom
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roy Remmen
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Family Medicine and Population Health (FAMPOP), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kris Van den Broeck
- grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium ,grid.5284.b0000 0001 0790 3681Family Medicine and Population Health (FAMPOP), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Dal Santo T, Sun Y, Wu Y, He C, Wang Y, Jiang X, Li K, Bonardi O, Krishnan A, Boruff JT, Rice DB, Markham S, Levis B, Azar M, Neupane D, Tasleem A, Yao A, Thombs-Vite I, Agic B, Fahim C, Martin MS, Sockalingam S, Turecki G, Benedetti A, Thombs BD. Systematic review of mental health symptom changes by sex or gender in early-COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11417. [PMID: 35794116 PMCID: PMC9258011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Women and gender-diverse individuals have faced disproportionate socioeconomic burden during COVID-19. There have been reports of greater negative mental health changes compared to men based on cross-sectional research that has not accounted for pre-COVID-19 differences. We compared mental health changes from pre-COVID-19 to during COVID-19 by sex or gender. MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection: Citation Indexes, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, medRxiv (preprints), and Open Science Framework Preprints (preprint server aggregator) were searched to August 30, 2021. Eligible studies included mental health symptom change data by sex or gender. 12 studies (10 unique cohorts) were included, all of which reported dichotomized sex or gender data. 9 cohorts reported results from March to June 2020, and 2 of these also reported on September or November to December 2020. One cohort included data pre-November 2020 data but did not provide dates. Continuous symptom change differences were not statistically significant for depression (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.12, 95% CI -0.09–0.33; 4 studies, 4,475 participants; I2 = 69.0%) and stress (SMD = − 0.10, 95% CI -0.21–0.01; 4 studies, 1,533 participants; I2 = 0.0%), but anxiety (SMD = 0.15, 95% CI 0.07–0.22; 4 studies, 4,344 participants; I2 = 3.0%) and general mental health (SMD = 0.15, 95% CI 0.12–0.18; 3 studies, 15,692 participants; I2 = 0.0%) worsened more among females/women than males/men. There were no significant differences in changes in proportions above cut-offs: anxiety (difference = − 0.05, 95% CI − 0.20–0.11; 1 study, 217 participants), depression (difference = 0.12, 95% CI -0.03–0.28; 1 study, 217 participants), general mental health (difference = − 0.03, 95% CI − 0.09–0.04; 3 studies, 18,985 participants; I2 = 94.0%), stress (difference = 0.04, 95% CI − 0.10–0.17; 1 study, 217 participants). Mental health outcomes did not differ or were worse by small amounts among women than men during early COVID-19.
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Lohmann J, John D, Dzay A. Much research, but little learned to date: A scoping review of the methodological quality of research on mental health of healthcare professionals in low- and lower-middle income countries. Wellcome Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17916.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in widespread awareness of health workers’ work realities and their mental health impacts, and corresponding unprecedented research effort. Reviews of the quantitative literature on mental health of clinical skilled healthcare personnel in low- and lower-middle income countries (LLMIC), however, point at quality issues in the pre-pandemic literature. We used the evidence generated in the context of one pre-pandemic review to understand methodological strengths and weaknesses in detail, with the aim of distilling recommendations for future research. Methods: Our study used the literature identified in a systematic search up to the end of 2020, in English or French language, in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Global Health, and CAIRN. Following a scoping review approach, we extracted and charted data on key study characteristics as well as on study quality. In regard to the latter, we developed nine quality criteria on the basis of existing quality checklists, but expanding on issues of particular relevance to the measurement and interpretation of levels of mental health or illness. We collated the charted data in descriptive fashion. Results: We included data from 152 studies, assessing a range of mental health outcomes, with a focus on burnout. Most studies were conducted in India, Nigeria, Pakistan, or Egypt, in urban secondary- and tertiary-care settings. We judged only 20% of studies as of high quality due to shortcomings particularly regarding sample representativeness, context-specific measurement tool validity, and reporting of methodological detail. Conclusion: We conclude that despite its impressive size, we can learn comparatively little from the body of literature up to the end of 2020 due to limitations in quality. Based on our findings, we outline areas for expansion, methodological improvement, and standardization of reporting in future research. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42019140036.
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Fried EI, Flake JK, Robinaugh DJ. Revisiting the theoretical and methodological foundations of depression measurement. NATURE REVIEWS PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 1:358-368. [PMID: 38107751 PMCID: PMC10723193 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-022-00050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Depressive disorders are among the leading causes of global disease burden, but there has been limited progress in understanding the causes and treatments for these disorders. In this Perspective, we suggest that such progress crucially depends on our ability to measure depression. We review the many problems with depression measurement, including limited evidence of validity and reliability. These issues raise grave concerns about common uses of depression measures, such as diagnosis or tracking treatment progress. We argue that shortcomings arise because depression measurement rests on shaky methodological and theoretical foundations. Moving forward, we need to break with the field's tradition that has, for decades, divorced theories about depression from how we measure it. Instead, we suggest that epistemic iteration, an iterative exchange between theory and measurement, provides a crucial avenue for depression measurement to progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko I. Fried
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica K. Flake
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Donald J. Robinaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, US
- Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, US
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Depression and Perceived Social Support among Unemployed Youths in China: Investigating the Roles of Emotion-Regulation Difficulties and Self-Efficacy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084676. [PMID: 35457545 PMCID: PMC9029286 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the issue of youth unemployment has begun to emerge in China. Unemployed young people are at high risk of depression and other mental health problems. The present study investigates influential factors related to depression and examines the possible mediating effects of difficulties in emotion regulation and self-efficacy between perceived social support and depressive symptoms among unemployed youths in China. Through community recruitment, 511 unemployed young people from Shanghai participated in this cross-sectional survey. The results demonstrate that the prevalence of probable depression in the sample was 49.3% (95% CI: 45.0-53.7%). Moreover, we found that both the perceived social support and self-efficacy were significant negative predictors of depression, whereas difficulties in emotion regulation were positive predictors of depression. In addition, the analysis results indicate that difficulties in emotion regulation and self-efficacy partially mediate the relationship between perceived social support and depression. Overall, this cross-sectional study reveals that depression and mental health problems among China's unemployed youths are concerning while identifying emotion-regulation difficulties as a risk factor for these and social support and self-efficacy as protective factors, all of which warrant our attention in preventing and intervening with cases of youth depression.
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Fairbrother N, Albert A, Collardeau F, Keeney C. The Childbirth Fear Questionnaire and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire as Screening Tools for Specific Phobia, Fear of Childbirth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084647. [PMID: 35457513 PMCID: PMC9028446 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Perinatal anxiety and related disorders are common (20%), distressing and impairing. Fear of childbirth (FoB) is a common type of perinatal anxiety associated with negative mental health, obstetrical, childbirth and child outcomes. Screening can facilitate treatment access for those most in need. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the accuracy of the Childbirth Fear Questionnaire (CFQ) and the Wijma Delivery Expectations Questionnaire (W-DEQ) of FoB as screening tools for a specific phobia, FoB. Methods: A total of 659 English-speaking pregnant women living in Canada and over the age of 18 were recruited for the study. Participants completed an online survey of demographic, current pregnancy and reproductive history information, as well as the CFQ and the W-DEQ, and a telephone interview to assess specific phobia FoB. Results: Symptoms meeting full and subclinical diagnostic criteria for a specific phobia, FoB, were reported by 3.3% and 7.1% of participants, respectively. The W-DEQ met or exceeded the criteria for a “good enough” screening tool across several analyses, whereas the CFQ only met these criteria in one analysis and came close in three others. Conclusions: The W-DEQ demonstrated high performance as a screening tool for a specific phobia, FoB, with accuracy superior to that of the CFQ. Additional research to ensure the stability of these findings is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Fairbrother
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-250-0519-5390 (ext. 36439)
| | - Arianne Albert
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 2N9, Canada;
| | - Fanie Collardeau
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Cora Keeney
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
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Chen J, Yang K, Cao Y, Du Y, Wang N, Qu M. Depressive Symptoms Among Children and Adolescents in China During the Coronavirus Disease-19 Epidemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:870346. [PMID: 35463512 PMCID: PMC9023859 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.870346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic negatively impacts mental health. Some published studies have investigated the prevalence of depression among children and adolescents in China during the pandemic. However, the results vary widely. We aimed to systematically analyze and estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and attempted to reveal the reasons for prevalence variety in previous studies. Methods Published studies were searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP Database), China National Knowledge database (CNKI), and the WanFang database from December 2019 to May 2021. The quality of all included studies was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist and the American Agency for Health Care Quality and Research's (AHRQ) cross-sectional study quality evaluation items. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects modeling. Results Of the 1,708 references screened, 13 related reports that involve 41,729 participants were included. The results suggested that the pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms among Chinese children and adolescents during the COVID-19 epidemic was 28.6%. Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled prevalence was highest among the studies using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 (46.8%) and lowest among these using Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSRSC) (11.4%). All studies using PHQ-9 set the cutoff at 5 points instead of 10. The pooled prevalence of studies that include primary school students was lower (16.5%) than that of studies excluding primary school students (39.1%). Conclusion The meta-analysis suggests that depressive symptoms were relatively prevalent among Chinese children and adolescents during COVID-19, especially among the secondary school students. The suitable screening tools and cutoff should be carefully chosen in the survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghe Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yun Du
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ningqun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Qu
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Maulitz L, Stickeler E, Stickel S, Habel U, Tchaikovski SN, Chechko N. Endometriosis, psychiatric comorbidities and neuroimaging: Estimating the odds of an endometriosis brain. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100988. [PMID: 35202605 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic pain disorder that affects young women, impairing their physical, mental and social well-being. Apart from personal suffering, it imposes a significant economic burden on the healthcare system. We analyzed studies reporting comorbid mental disorders in endometriosis based on the ICD/DSM criteria, discussing them in the context of available neuroimaging studies. We postulate that at least one-third of endometriosis patients suffer from mental disorders (mostly depression or anxiety) and require psychiatric or psychotherapeutic support. According to three neuroimaging studies involving patients with endometriosis, brain regions related not only to pain processing but also to emotion, cognition, self-regulation and reward likely constitute the so-called "endometriosis brain". It is not clear, however, whether the neurobiological changes seen in these patients are caused by chronic pain, mental comorbidities or endometriosis itself. Given the paucity of high-quality data on mental comorbidities and neurobiological correlates in endometriosis, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maulitz
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Stickeler
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Stickel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10), Research Center Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - U Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10), Research Center Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - S N Tchaikovski
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Gerhart-Hauptmann-Straße 35, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - N Chechko
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10), Research Center Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behavior (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
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Psychiatric and substance use disorders in a predominately low-income, black sample in early midlife. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 148:332-339. [PMID: 35196603 PMCID: PMC8986361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have documented elevated rates of psychopathology among individuals affected by poverty. However, many studies have relied on predominately White samples, and on brief symptom screening measures which may not fully capture the experiences of individuals of color (who are disproportionately affected by poverty in the United States.) The present study examines prevalence rates of probable major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorder, and alcohol use disorder in a predominately Black sample that grew up in urban poverty, utilizing structured neuropsychiatric interview methods. Data are drawn from a subsample of the Chicago Longitudinal Study (CLS), which has followed a large cohort for over four decades. Outcomes were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) 7.0.2. Results indicate high probable rates of all measured outcomes, with notably high rates of substance use and alcohol use disorder compared to rates reported in previous national studies. Differences by sex and childhood neighborhood poverty, as well as significant comorbidity among psychiatric, substance and alcohol use disorders were also detected. Findings underscore an urgent need for community-based, culturally tailored prevention and intervention initiatives to support the mental health of individuals living in poverty. The high prevalence of psychiatric, substance and alcohol use disorders in this study likely reflect systematic inequities faced by low-income people of color in the United States. Future directions for research and practice are discussed.
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Kiewa J, Meltzer-Brody S, Milgrom J, Guintivano J, Hickie IB, Whiteman DC, Olsen CM, Colodro-Conde L, Medland SE, Martin NG, Wray NR, Byrne EM. Perinatal depression is associated with a higher polygenic risk for major depressive disorder than non-perinatal depression. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:182-191. [PMID: 34985809 DOI: 10.1002/da.23232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distinctions between major depressive disorder (MDD) and perinatal depression (PND) reflect varying views of PND, from a unique etiological subtype of MDD to an MDD episode that happens to coincide with childbirth. This case-control study investigated genetic differences between PND and MDD outside the perinatal period (non-perinatal depression or NPD). METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study using PND cases (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score ≥ 13) from the Australian Genetics of Depression Study 2018 data (n = 3804) and screened controls (n = 6134). Results of gene-set enrichment analysis were compared with those of women with non-PND. For six psychiatric disorders/traits, genetic correlations with PND were evaluated, and logistic regression analysis reported polygenic score (PGS) association with both PND and NPD. RESULTS Genes differentially expressed in ovarian tissue were significantly enriched (stdBeta = 0.07, p = 3.3e-04), but were not found to be associated with NPD. The genetic correlation between PND and MDD was 0.93 (SE = 0.07; p = 3.5e-38). Compared with controls, PGS for MDD are higher for PND cases (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, confidence interval [CI] = [1.7-1.8], p = 9.5e-140) than for NPD cases (OR = 1.6, CI = [1.5-1.7], p = 1.2e-49). Highest risk is for those reporting both antenatal and postnatal depression, irrespective of prior MDD history. CONCLUSIONS PND has a high genetic overlap with MDD, but points of distinction focus on differential expression in ovarian tissue and higher MDD PGS, particularly for women experiencing both antenatal and postpartum PND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Kiewa
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Samantha Meltzer-Brody
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeanette Milgrom
- Parent-Infant Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jerry Guintivano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine M Olsen
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Enda M Byrne
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Fairbrother N, Collardeau F, Albert A, Stoll K. Screening for Perinatal Anxiety Using the Childbirth Fear Questionnaire: A New Measure of Fear of Childbirth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042223. [PMID: 35206412 PMCID: PMC8872365 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fear of childbirth affects as many as 20% of pregnant people, and has been associated with pregnancy termination, prolonged labour, increased risk of emergency and elective caesarean delivery, poor maternal mental health, and poor maternal-infant bonding. Currently available measures of fear of childbirth fail to fully capture pregnant people’s childbirth-related fears. The purpose of this research was to develop a new measure of fear of childbirth (the Childbirth Fear Questionnaire; CFQ) that would address the limitations of existing measures. The CFQ’s psychometric properties were evaluated through two studies. Participants for Study 1 were 643 pregnant people residing in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom, with a mean age of 29.0 (SD = 5.1) years, and 881 pregnant people residing in Canada, with a mean age of 32.9 (SD = 4.3) years for Study 2. In both studies, participants completed a set of questionnaires, including the CFQ, via an online survey. Exploratory factor analysis in Study 1 resulted in a 40-item, 9-factor scale, which was well supported in Study 2. Both studies provided evidence of high internal consistency and convergent and discriminant validity. Study 1 also provided evidence that the CFQ detects group differences between pregnant people across mode of delivery preference and parity. Study 2 added to findings from Study 1 by providing evidence for the dimensional structure of the construct of fear of childbirth, and measurement invariance across parity groups (i.e., the measurement model of the CFQ was generalizable across parity groups). Estimates of the psychometric properties of the CFQ across the two studies provided evidence that the CFQ is psychometrically sound, and currently the most comprehensive measure of fear of childbirth available. The CFQ covers a broad range of domains of fear of childbirth and can serve to identify specific fear domains to be targeted in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole Fairbrother
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Fanie Collardeau
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
| | - Arianne Albert
- Women’s Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6H 2N9, Canada;
| | - Kathrin Stoll
- Department of Family Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
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Prevalence of mental disorders in refugees and asylum seekers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2022; 9:250-263. [PMID: 36618716 PMCID: PMC9806970 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2022.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have identified high rates of mental disorders in refugees, but most used self-report measures of psychiatric symptoms. In this study, we examined the percentages of adult refugees and asylum seekers meeting diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder (BPD), and psychosis. METHODS A systematic literature search in three databases was conducted. We included studies examining the prevalence of MDD, post-traumatic stress disorder, BPD, and psychosis in adult refugees according to a clinical diagnosis. To estimate the pooled prevalence rates, we performed a meta-analysis using the Meta-prop package in Stata (PROSPERO: CRD42018111778). RESULTS We identified 7048 records and 40 studies (11 053 participants) were included. The estimated pooled prevalence rates were 32% (95% CI 26-39%; I 2 = 99%) for MDD, 31% (95% CI 25-38%; I 2 = 99.5%) for post-traumatic stress disorder, 5% (95% CI 2-9%; I 2 = 97.7%) for BPD, and 1% (95% CI 1-2%; I 2 = 0.00%) for psychosis. Subgroup analyses showed significantly higher prevalence rates of MDD in studies conducted in low-middle income countries (47%; 95% CI 38-57%, p = 0.001) than high-income countries studies (28%; 95% CI 22-33%), and in studies which used the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (37%; 95% CI 28-46% p = 0.05) compared to other diagnostic interviews (26%; 95% CI 20-33%). Studies among convenience samples reported significant (p = 0.001) higher prevalence rates of MDD (35%; 95% CI 23-46%) and PTSD (34%; 95% CI 22-47%) than studies among probability-based samples (MDD: 30%; 95% CI 21-39%; PTSD: 28%; 95% 19-37%). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis has shown a markedly high prevalence of mental disorders among refugees. Our results underline the devastating effects of war and violence, and the necessity to provide mental health intervention to address mental disorders among refugees. The results should be cautiously interpreted due to the high heterogeneity.
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Aebi NJ, Fink G, Wyss K, Schwenkglenks M, Baenteli I, Caviezel S, Studer A, Trost S, Tschudin S, Schaefert R, Meinlschmidt G. Association of Different Restriction Levels With COVID-19-Related Distress and Mental Health in Somatic Inpatients: A Secondary Analysis of Swiss General Hospital Data. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:872116. [PMID: 35592378 PMCID: PMC9113023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.872116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and related countermeasures hinder health care access and affect mental wellbeing of non-COVID-19 patients. There is lack of evidence on distress and mental health of patients hospitalized due to other reasons than COVID-19-a vulnerable population group in two ways: First, given their risk for physical diseases, they are at increased risk for severe courses and death related to COVID-19. Second, they may struggle particularly with COVID-19 restrictions due to their dependence on social support. Therefore, we investigated the association of intensity of COVID-19 restrictions with levels of COVID-19-related distress, mental health (depression, anxiety, somatic symptom disorder, and mental quality of life), and perceived social support among Swiss general hospital non-COVID-19 inpatients. METHODS We analyzed distress of 873 hospital inpatients not admitted for COVID-19, recruited from internal medicine, gynecology, rheumatology, rehabilitation, acute geriatrics, and geriatric rehabilitation wards of three hospitals. We assessed distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and four indicators of mental health: depressive and anxiety symptom severity, psychological distress associated with somatic symptoms, and the mental component of health-related quality of life; additionally, we assessed social support. The data collection period was divided into modest (June 9 to October 18, 2020) and strong (October 19, 2020, to April 17, 2021) COVID-19 restrictions, based on the Oxford Stringency Index for Switzerland. RESULTS An additional 13% (95%-Confidence Interval 4-21%) and 9% (1-16%) of hospital inpatients reported distress related to leisure time and loneliness, respectively, during strong COVID-19 restrictions compared to times of modest restrictions. There was no evidence for changes in mental health or social support. CONCLUSIONS Focusing on the vulnerable population of general hospital inpatients not admitted for COVID-19, our results suggest that tightening of COVID-19 restrictions in October 2020 was associated with increased COVID-19-related distress regarding leisure time and loneliness, with no evidence for a related decrease in mental health. If this association was causal, safe measures to increase social interaction (e.g., virtual encounters and outdoor activities) are highly warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04269005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Julia Aebi
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Günther Fink
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar Wyss
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Iris Baenteli
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Seraina Caviezel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja Studer
- Department of Health Canton Basel-Stadt, Division of Prevention, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Trost
- Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sibil Tschudin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Schaefert
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunther Meinlschmidt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Psychology and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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65
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Kasyanov E, Verbitskaya E, Rakitko A, Ilyinsky V, Rukavishnikov G, Neznanov N, Kibitov A, Mazo G. Validation of a DSM-5-based screening test using digital phenotyping in the Russian population. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:64-70. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212206264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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66
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Felician J, Galvao F, Lefebvre M, Nourredine M, Peter-Derex L. Association of Delayed Sleep/Wake Rhythm with Depression During the First COVID-19 Lockdown in France. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1545-1557. [PMID: 36081862 PMCID: PMC9447448 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s369859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The containment of the population during the COVID-19 pandemic led to the emergence or recurrence of psychiatric conditions and sleep disorders. The influence of sleep/wake rhythm on mental health is well known. The objective of our study was to evaluate the link between the shift in sleep/wake rhythm and the presence of depressive symptoms during the March to May 2020 lockdown in the French population. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Participants (n = 2513) were recruited via newspapers and social networks in March 2020. We evaluated i) the chronotype before and during the lockdown, assessed by the change in mid-sleep time on work-free days corrected for sleep debt on workdays (delta MSFsc); ii) morningness-eveningness circadian preference (Horne & Ostberg questionnaire); iii) depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9). The delta MSFsc and the PHQ-9 score were compared between circadian preference types. A multivariate model adjusted for age, sex, circadian preference, housing type, and marital status was used to assess the influence of delta MSFsc on the PHQ-9 score in the whole population. RESULTS The population consisted of 77% women, of median (IQR) age 39 (30-48) years. Compared with the pre-lockdown period, the median (IQR) MSFsc was shifted by 30 (0-66) min during the lockdown, with a significant difference between evening [60 (15-120) min], morning [15 (0-46) min] and neutral [30 (0-70) min] circadian type individuals, p < 0.001. One-third of all participants had moderate to severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10). A 1-hour shift in MSFsc was associated with a 0.50-point increase [95% CI (0.28; 0.72), p < 0.001] in the PHQ-9. CONCLUSION A phase delay in the chronotype was observed in the general population during lockdown. Such disruption was associated with depressive symptoms but the direction of the relationship remains hypothetical. The impact on mental health of preventive measures targeting the sleep/wake rhythm in this context needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Felician
- Centre for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Medicine faculty, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Unité Michel Jouvet - Pôle Est - Z19, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Filipe Galvao
- Unité Michel Jouvet - Pôle Est - Z19, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Mylène Lefebvre
- Unité Michel Jouvet - Pôle Est - Z19, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Mikail Nourredine
- Medicine faculty, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Biostatistics Unit, University Hospital Service of Pharmacotoxicology and Public Health Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Research Department, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron, France.,Biometry and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory, UMR CNRS 5558, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Peter-Derex
- Centre for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Medicine faculty, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CNRS UMR 5292/INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
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67
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Borroni E, Pesatori AC, Bollati V, Buoli M, Carugno M. Air pollution exposure and depression: A comprehensive updated systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118245. [PMID: 34600062 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We provide a comprehensive and updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between air pollution exposure and depression, searching PubMed, Embase, and Web of Sciences for relevant articles published up to May 2021, and eventually including 39 studies. Meta-analyses were performed separately according to pollutant type [particulate matter with diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) and ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO)] and exposure duration [short- (<30 days) and long-term (≥30 days)]. Test for homogeneity based on Cochran's Q and I2 statistics were calculated and the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) random effect model was applied. We assessed overall quality of pooled estimates, influence of single studies on the meta-analytic estimates, sources of between-study heterogeneity, and publication bias. We observed an increased risk of depression associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5 (relative risk: 1.074, 95% confidence interval: 1.021-1.129) and NO2 (1.037, 1.011-1.064), and with short-term exposure to PM10 (1.009, 1.006-1.012), PM2.5 (1.009, 1.007-1.011), NO2 (1.022, 1.012-1.033), SO2 (1.024, 1.010-1.037), O3 (1.011, 0.997-1.026), and CO (1.062, 1.020-1.105). The publication bias affecting half of the investigated associations and the high heterogeneity characterizing most of the meta-analytic estimates partly prevent to draw very firm conclusions. On the other hand, the coherence of all the estimates after excluding single studies in the sensitivity analysis supports the soundness of our results. This especially applies to the association between PM2.5 and depression, strengthened by the absence of heterogeneity and of relevant publication bias in both long- and short-term exposure studies. Should further investigations be designed, they should involve large sample sizes, well-defined diagnostic criteria for depression, and thorough control of potential confounding factors. Finally, studies dedicated to the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the association between air pollution and depression remain necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Borroni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Cecilia Pesatori
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Bollati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Carugno
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy; Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via san Barnaba 8, 20122, Milan, Italy
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68
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Basilious A, Xu CY, Malvankar-Mehta MS. Dry eye disease and psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:1872-1889. [PMID: 34935549 PMCID: PMC9297048 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The association between dry eye disease (DED) and psychiatric conditions is a highly researched topic. This work reviews the literature on this relationship, examining the prevalence and correlations of depression and anxiety with dry eye signs and symptoms. A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and gray literature was conducted, with keywords for dry eye and mood disorders, depression, anxiety, and suicide. Eligible studies underwent quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA 15.0. Fixed- and random-effects models were computed based on the presence of heterogeneity. Thirty-two studies were included, with 31 reporting on depression and 19 on anxiety. Meta-analysis results found a depression prevalence of 40% (CI: [0.29, 0.52]) in DED patients, with 1.81 times higher odds of prevalence compared to controls (CI: [1.61, 2.02]). Prevalence of anxiety was 39% (CI: [0.15, 0.64]), with 2.32 times higher odds of prevalence compared to controls (CI: [1.67, 3.23]). Depression scores were significantly higher in patients with DED in all studies. Anxiety scores were significantly higher in DED patients in studies using all scales except the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety Subscale. DED symptom scores were significantly associated with depression (ES = 0.43; CI: [0.31, 0.55]) and anxiety (ES = 0.41; CI: [0.32, 0.50]) scores. In conclusion, depression and anxiety are more prevalent and severe in DED patients and are correlated with dry eye symptoms but not signs. These findings highlight the interrelationship between these disorders and have important implications for providing appropriate care to these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Basilious
- 70384Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cathy Y Xu
- 70384Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monali S Malvankar-Mehta
- Department of Ophthalmology, 483166Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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69
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Kojok L, Bodenstein K, Rivest-Beauregard M, Seon Q, Sapkota RP, Brunet A. Anxiety and depression among Chinese adolescents during the COVID-19: an overestimation of the problem. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:624. [PMID: 34887378 PMCID: PMC8655083 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Kojok
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal (Québec), Montréal, QC, Canada. .,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal (Québec), Verdun, QC, Canada.
| | - Katie Bodenstein
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal (Québec), Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Marjolaine Rivest-Beauregard
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal (Québec), Montréal, QC Canada ,grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal (Québec), Verdun, QC Canada
| | - Quinta Seon
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal (Québec), Montréal, QC Canada ,grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal (Québec), Verdun, QC Canada
| | - Ram P. Sapkota
- grid.57926.3f0000 0004 1936 9131Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Regina, SK Canada
| | - Alain Brunet
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal (Québec), Montréal, QC Canada ,grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal (Québec), Verdun, QC Canada
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70
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Jonassaint CR, Lukombo I, Feldman R, Driscoll J, Eack SM, Abebe KZ, De Castro L. Differences in the prevalence of mental health disorders among Black American adults with sickle cell disease compared to those with non-heritable medical conditions or no medical conditions. Br J Haematol 2021; 196:1059-1068. [PMID: 34859423 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to determine differences in the prevalence of mental health disorders between Black Americans living with sickle cell disease (SCD) and Black Americans with other, non-heritable medical conditions, or no medical conditions. We examined the prevalence of mental health disorders among a non-institutionalized, community sample of Black adults in the US from the National Survey of American Life. We compared the odds of mental health disorders between Black American adults with SCD and those with other medical conditions, or no medical condition. Among the SCD group, 38·8% reported at least one mental health disorder: 17·6% endorsed a mood disorder, 24·7% an anxiety disorder, 2·4% an eating disorder, and 11·8% a childhood disorder. Compared to those with other medical conditions, Black Americans with SCD had greater poverty, more children in the household, and were less likely to be married/cohabitating (all P < 0·05). Yet, Black Americans with SCD were not at greater odds of having a mental health disorder compared to those with other medical conditions. When compared to the group with no conditions, however, individuals with SCD had 2·57 greater odds of mood disorder (95% confidence interval: 1·43-4·65; P = 0·002). The effect remained when controlling for socioeconomic status, marital status, and perceived physical health. In this study, almost 40% of Black American adults with SCD presented with a mental health disorder. Prevalence of mental health disorders was similar among those with non-heritable medical conditions, but those without a medical condition had a lower prevalence than in SCD. Among Black Americans, there appear to be unmeasured factors, common across medical conditions, that are linked to mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Jonassaint
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Research on Health Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ines Lukombo
- Section of Benign Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert Feldman
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Research on Health Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jordan Driscoll
- Section of Benign Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shaun M Eack
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kaleab Z Abebe
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Research on Health Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura De Castro
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Section of Benign Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Guo L, Fan H, Xu Z, Li J, Chen T, Zhang Z, Yang K. Prevalence and changes in depressive symptoms among postgraduate students: A systematic review and meta-analysis from 1980 to 2020. Stress Health 2021; 37:835-847. [PMID: 33871902 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Education actively helps us develop our well-being and health, but postgraduate students are at high risk of depression. The prevalence of depression symptoms varies from 6.2% to 84.7% among them, and its changes throughout the years remains unclear. The present study aimed to estimate the real prevalence of depression symptoms among postgraduate students and the changes from 1980 to 2020. Thirty-seven primary studies with 41 independent reports were included in the meta-analysis (none reports were in high-quality, three were medium-to-high quality, 20 were low-to-medium quality, and 18 were low-quality), involving 27,717 postgraduate students. The pooled prevalence of overall, mild, moderate, and severe depression symptoms was 34% (95% CI: 28-40, I2 = 98.6%), 27% (95% CI: 22-32, I2 = 85.8%), 13% (95% CI: 8-21, I2 = 97.3%), and 8% (95% CI: 6-11, I2 = 81.0%), respectively. Overall, the prevalence of depression symptoms remained relatively constant through the years following 1980 (overall: β = -0.12, 95% CI: [-0.39, 0.15], p = 0.39; mild: β = 0.24, 95% CI: [-0.02, 0.51], p = 0.07; moderate: β = -0.24, 95% CI: [-0.75, 0.26], p = 0.34; severe: β = 0.13, 95% CI: [-0.25, 0.51], p = 0.50). Doctoral students experienced more depressive symptoms than did master's students (43% vs. 27%; Q = 2.23, df = 1, p = 0.13), and studies utilising non-random sampling methods reported a higher prevalence of mild depression and lower moderate depression symptoms than those that used random sampling (overall: 34% vs. 29%; Q = 0.45, df = 1, p = 0.50; mild: 29% vs. 21%; Q = 1.69, df = 1, p = 0.19; moderate: 16% vs. 25%; Q = 1.79, df = 1, p = 0.18; severe: 8% vs. 9%; Q = 0.13, df = 1, p = 0.72) despite these differences was not statistically significant. The prevalence of depression symptoms was moderated by the measurements and the quality of primary studies. More than one-third of postgraduates reported depression symptoms, which indicates the susceptibility to mental health risk among postgraduates. School administrators, teachers, and students should take joint actions to prevent mental disorders of postgraduates from increasing in severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Guo
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Evidence-based Social Sciences Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiyong Fan
- School of Education, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Evidence-based Social Sciences Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jieyun Li
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Evidence-based Social Sciences Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Taolin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyao Zhang
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,School of Foreign Language, Lanzhou University of Arts and Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Evidence-based Social Sciences Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Key Laboratory of Evidence-Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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72
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Levis B, Fischer F, Benedetti A, Thombs BD. PHQ-8 scores and estimation of depression prevalence. LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 6:e793. [PMID: 34756166 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Levis
- Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Felix Fischer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Brett D Thombs
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Gray EJ, Scott JG, Lawrence DM, Thomas HJ. Concordance between adolescents and parents on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: Analysis of an Australian nationally representative sample. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2021; 55:1058-1070. [PMID: 33926246 DOI: 10.1177/00048674211009610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differences between adolescent self-reported and parent-reported emotional and behavioural difficulties may influence psychiatric epidemiological research. This study examined concordance between adolescents and their parents about mental health symptoms using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. METHODS The study comprised a randomly selected, nationally representative sample of adolescents aged 11-17 years who participated in the Second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (N = 2967). Matched adolescent and parent responses across the five Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire subscales (emotional problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, conduct problems and prosocial behaviour), as well as total difficulties and total impact scores were examined to estimate concordance. Concordance patterns were analysed by sex, after stratifying the sample by age group (younger adolescents: 11-14 years; older adolescents: 15-17 years). RESULTS Concordance was 86.7% for total difficulties, 77.5% for total impact and ranged from 82.4% to 94.3% across the five Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire subscales. There were no differences in concordance between sexes on the total difficulties score. Older females were more likely to disagree with their parents about emotional problems compared to males of the same age. Younger males were more likely to disagree with their parents compared to same-aged females about peer problems, hyperactivity, conduct problems and prosocial skills, as well as the impact of their problems. Older males were more likely to disagree with their parents about their prosocial skills compared to older females. CONCLUSION Overall, concordance between adolescents and parents on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was largely driven by the high proportion of respondents who reported having no problems. Discordance on a subscale increased as the prevalence of problems in a sex and age demographic subgroup increased. These findings highlight the need for a multi-informant approach to detect emotional and behavioural difficulties in adolescents, particularly when assessing the impact of symptoms, as this subscale had the lowest concordance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Gray
- Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - James G Scott
- Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - David M Lawrence
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hannah J Thomas
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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74
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Hall LR, Sanchez K, da Graca B, Bennett MM, Powers M, Warren AM. Income Differences and COVID-19: Impact on Daily Life and Mental Health. Popul Health Manag 2021; 25:384-391. [PMID: 34652228 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2021.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disproportionate suffering among vulnerable and socioeconomically disadvantaged portions of the population. Low-income and minority populations are likely to experience disparate disease and mental health burdens. Currently, there is little evidence regarding how the experience of the early months of the US COVID-19 outbreak differed by income level, and how that related to mental health symptoms. The present study used data from a national sample of US adults (n = 5023) who completed measures related to the COVID experience, the COVID-19 Fear Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8). Multivariable regression was performed to determine whether income level (low: <$45,000 vs high: ≥$75,000) was significantly associated with COVID experience measures, PHQ-8, GAD-7, and COVID fear scores. Among the low-income group, COVID-19 had a significantly greater negative impact on: family income/employment, access to food, access to mental health treatment, and stress and discord in the family. Participants in the low-income group also had greater odds of a PHQ-8 score ≥10 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08, 1.77) and a GAD-7 score ≥10 (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.27, 2.14) compared to those in the high-income group. Study findings suggest substantial differences in how COVID-19 impacted daily life and mental health between adults living in low-income households compared to high-earning households during the early months of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Hall
- Research, Analytics, and Development Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Katherine Sanchez
- Research, Analytics, and Development Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA.,University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Briget da Graca
- Research, Analytics, and Development Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Monica M Bennett
- Research, Analytics, and Development Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mark Powers
- Department of Trauma, Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Texas A&M University - College of Medicine, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ann Marie Warren
- Research, Analytics, and Development Core, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Trauma, Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Texas A&M University - College of Medicine, Dallas, Texas, USA
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75
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Manfro PH, Belem da Silva CT, Anselmi L, Barros F, Eaton WW, Gonçalves H, Murray J, Oliveira IO, Tovo-Rodrigues L, Wehrmeister FC, Menezes AMB, Rohde LA, Kieling C. Depression in a youth population-based sample from Brazil: Prevalence and symptom structure. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:633-641. [PMID: 34153834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to examine the occurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in a population-based youth sample, assessing both categorical and dimensional presentations of the disorder and its clinical and sociodemographic correlates. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data from the latest assessment of the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort (n = 3,780), a population-based study from Brazil that followed individuals up to age 22 years. We estimated point-prevalence for categorical diagnosis of MDD and comorbid diagnoses using DSM criteria in a structured interview by trained psychologists. Dimensional symptomatology was assessed with the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale-Revised (CES-D-R). RESULTS Point-prevalence of a current unipolar major depressive episode was 2.85% (95%CI 2.37-3.43%). The CES-D-R showed a mean of 9.20 (SD=9.72), with an area under the curve of 0.93 (95%CI 0.91 to 0.95) for the categorical diagnosis of MDD using a cutoff point of 16. Sad mood and somatic symptoms were the most frequent, and also had lower levels of latent values required for endorsement. Sad mood and anhedonia items were the most central items in the network structure. CONCLUSIONS In a population-based sample of youths from a middle-income country, MDD prevalence estimates and comorbidity profile were consistent with previous global literature. A focus on symptoms might advance our understanding about MDD among youths by disentangling the heterogeneity of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H Manfro
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Anselmi
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - William W Eaton
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Helen Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Joseph Murray
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Isabel O Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Wehrmeister
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana M B Menezes
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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76
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Dravet syndrome: Effects on informal caregivers' mental health and quality of life - A systematic review. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 122:108206. [PMID: 34280725 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, with predictable negative consequences for informal caregivers' mental health. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the representativeness of depression, anxiety, and burden in these caregivers and assess their quality of life. METHODS The PRISMA recommendations were followed, and a comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, WoS and Scopus databases, without date or language limits. Only observational quantitative studies on adult informal caregivers of patients with DS were considered. RESULTS Of 876 records found, 21 full-text articles were assessed and only 6 met the inclusion criteria. The latter have mostly a cross-sectional design and include samples composed by 19 to 742 caregivers, mainly mothers/females. Most of the study participants had a Bachelor's degree/higher educational level and were married. An important incidence of depression and anxiety on DS caregivers was reported, with significantly higher levels compared with population norms and with carers of other patients with epilepsy. Depression/anxiety were shown to be significantly associated with caregivers' fatigue and compromised sleep quality. Other important aspects of burden have been identified; however, comparisons between studies were not possible as different scales were used. Caregivers' health-related quality of life is also affected, with mothers reporting a worse perception on this domain. CONCLUSIONS Mental health and quality of life of DS caregivers are compromised, with mothers bearing an apparently greater burden. Studies using validated instruments for this population to assess the previously considered outcomes are needed, in order to inform the development of preventive strategies and problem-oriented interventions.
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Gene-environment interaction: Oxytocin receptor (OXTR) polymorphisms and parenting style as potential predictors for depressive symptoms. Psychiatry Res 2021; 303:114057. [PMID: 34144447 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common mental health problem that is thought to develop through a combination of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors, including parental behaviours and parental mental health. The present study investigated the potential interaction between oxytocin receptor (OXTR) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs53576, rs237880, rs237887, rs237889, rs237898, rs1042778, rs2268490, rs2268491, rs4686302, rs6770632, rs13316193) and parenting style in adolescence in relation to depressive symptoms among young adults. The sample consisted of 1,098 Caucasian participants (63.6% females) and their parents. The present study included data from the Survey of Adolescent Life Cohort study collected in 2012 at wave I (mage 14.4 years; DNA collection), 2015 at wave II (mage 17.36 years; Estimation of parenting style, depressive symptoms, and parental depression) and 2018 at wave III (mage 20.19 years; Depressive symptoms). Evidence for an interaction effect between OXTR SNP rs6770632 and negative parenting style on depressive symptoms among young adults was found with support for the diathesis-stress theory. The rs6770632 was associated with depressive symptoms at higher levels of negative parenting, with A:A allele carriers reporting higher levels of depressive symptoms than C:C and C:A allele carriers. The present study provides preliminary knowledge about the potential moderation effects of perceived negative parenting on the effect of OXTR SNPs on depressive symptoms among young adults, independent of sex, previous reports of depressive symptoms, and parental depression.
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78
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Quilter M, Hiraki L, Knight AM, Couture J, Levy D, Silverman ED, Danguecan AN, Ng L, Dominguez D, Cost KT, Neufeld KM, Schachter R, Korczak DJ. Evaluation of self-report screening measures in the detection of depressive and anxiety disorders among children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2021; 30:1327-1337. [PMID: 34078154 PMCID: PMC8209764 DOI: 10.1177/09612033211018504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no validated screening measures for depressive or anxiety disorders in childhood Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (cSLE). We investigated cross-sectionally (1) the prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorder in cSLE. (2) the validity of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) and the Screen for Childhood Anxiety and Related Disorders (SCARED) measures in identifyingthese disorders. METHODS Participants 8-18 years with cSLE/incipient cSLE completed CES-DC, SCARED, and Quality OfMy Life (QOML) measures. Parents completed the SCARED-Parent measure. Diagnosis was by gold-standard psychiatric interview and determined prevalence of psychiatric disorder. Receiver Operating Characteristics Area under the Curve (ROCAUC) evaluated screening measure diagnostic performance. RESULTS Ofseventy-two parent-child dyads, 56 interviews were completed. Mean screen scores were: CES-DC = 15 (range 1-49, SD 12), SCARED-C = 22 (range 2-61, SD 14), SCARED-P = 13 (range 0-36, SD 8). Depressive disorder screen positivity (CES-DC ≥ 15) was 35% (vs. prevalence 5%). Anxiety disorder screen positivity (SCARED ≥ 25) was 39% (vs. prevalence 16%). CES-DC ROCAUC = 0.98 and SCARED-C ROCAUC = 0.7 (cut-points 38 and 32 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic thresholds for depressive and anxiety disorderscreening measures are high for both CES-DC and SCARED-C in cSLE. Brief focused interview should follow to determine whether psychiatric evaluation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Quilter
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Linda Hiraki
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrea M Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie Couture
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology-Immunology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Deborah Levy
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Earl D Silverman
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ashley N Danguecan
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lawrence Ng
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniela Dominguez
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katherine T Cost
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kate M Neufeld
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Reva Schachter
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daphne J Korczak
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Kim H, Rackoff GN, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Shin KE, Zainal NH, Schwob JT, Eisenberg D, Wilfley DE, Taylor CB, Newman MG. College Mental Health Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results From a Nationwide Survey. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2021; 46:1-10. [PMID: 34177004 PMCID: PMC8214371 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-021-10241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic could affect college students’ mental health. We examined screening rates for psychological disorders before and during the pandemic. Methods Undergraduates were surveyed before (n = 3643) or during the pandemic (n = 4970). Logistic regression adjusting for participant demographics was conducted. Results Frequencies of depression [OR 1.32, 95% CI (1.17, 1.48)], alcohol use disorder [OR 1.70, 95% CI (1.50, 1.93)], bulimia nervosa/binge-eating disorder [OR 1.54, 95% CI (1.28, 1.85)], and comorbidity [OR 1.19, 95% CI (1.04, 1.35)] were greater during (vs. before) the pandemic. Frequencies of posttraumatic stress disorder were lower during the pandemic [OR 0.86, 95% CI (0.75, 0.98)]. The upward trend in alcohol use disorder was stronger among women than men [OR 1.47, 95% CI (1.18, 1.83)]. The upward trend in depression was stronger among Black students than White students [OR 1.72, 95% CI (1.19, 2.49)]. Anxiety disorders, insomnia, anorexia nervosa, and suicidality showed no significant trends. Conclusions Depression, alcohol use disorder, bulimia nervosa/binge-eating disorder, and comorbidity were higher, whereas posttraumatic stress disorder was lower during the pandemic. Women and Black students could face especially heightened risk for alcohol use disorder and depression, respectively, during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Gavin N Rackoff
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 371 Moore Building, University Park, PA USA
| | | | - Ki Eun Shin
- Department of Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City, NY USA
| | - Nur Hani Zainal
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 371 Moore Building, University Park, PA USA
| | - Jeremy T Schwob
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 371 Moore Building, University Park, PA USA
| | - Daniel Eisenberg
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Denise E Wilfley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - C Barr Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA.,Center for m2 Health, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Michelle G Newman
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, 371 Moore Building, University Park, PA USA
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80
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Tuthill EH, Reynolds CME, McKeating A, O'Malley EG, Kennelly MM, Turner MJ. Maternal obesity and depression reported at the first antenatal visit. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 191:1241-1250. [PMID: 34131811 PMCID: PMC9135864 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Maternal obesity and depression are common and both have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Aims The aim of this observational study was to examine the relationship between maternal body mass index (BMI) category and self-reported depression at the first antenatal visit. Methods Women who delivered a baby weighing ≥ 500 g over nine years 2009–2017 were included. Self-reported sociodemographic and clinical details were computerised at the first antenatal visit by a trained midwife, and maternal BMI was calculated after standardised measurement of weight and height. Results Of 73,266 women, 12,304 (16.7%) had obesity, 1.6% (n = 1126) reported current depression and 7.5% (n = 3277) multiparas reported a history of postnatal depression. The prevalence of self-reported maternal depression was higher in women who had obesity, > 35 years old, were socially disadvantaged, smokers, had an unplanned pregnancy and used illicit drugs. After adjustment for confounding variables, obesity was associated with an increased odds ratio (aOR) for current depression in both nulliparas (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3–2.3, p < 0.001) and multiparas (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5–2.1, p < 0.001) and postnatal depression in multiparas (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3–1.5, p < 0.001). The prevalence of current depression was higher in women with moderate/severe obesity than in women with mild obesity (both p < 0.001). Conclusions We found that self-reported maternal depression in early pregnancy was independently associated with obesity. The prevalence of depression increased with the severity of obesity. Our findings highlight the need for implementation of strategies and provision of services for the prevention and treatment of both obesity and depression. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11845-021-02665-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma H Tuthill
- UCD Centre for Human Reproduction, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Ciara M E Reynolds
- UCD Centre for Human Reproduction, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Aoife McKeating
- UCD Centre for Human Reproduction, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Eimer G O'Malley
- UCD Centre for Human Reproduction, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mairead M Kennelly
- UCD Centre for Human Reproduction, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Michael J Turner
- UCD Centre for Human Reproduction, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Lindekilde N, Rutters F, Erik Henriksen J, Lasgaard M, Schram MT, Rubin KH, Kivimäki M, Nefs G, Pouwer F. Psychiatric disorders as risk factors for type 2 diabetes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews with and without meta-analyses. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 176:108855. [PMID: 33965448 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Having a psychiatric disorder may increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes[T2D] and this umbrella review aims to determine whether people with a psychiatric disorder have an increased risk of developing T2D and to investigate potential underlying mechanisms. A literature search was performed to identify systematic reviews of longitudinal studies investigating different psychiatric disorders as risk factors for incident T2D in humans (≥18 years). A total of 8612 abstracts were identified, 180 full-text articles were read, and 25 systematic reviews were included. Six categories of psychiatric disorders were identified. Except for eating disorders, all psychiatric disorders were associated with increased risk of incident T2D ranging from RR = 1.18 [95% CI 1.12-1.24] to RR = 1.60 [95% CI 1.37-1.88] for depression; from RR = 1.27 [95% CI 1.19-1.35] to OR = 1.50 [95% CI 1.08-2.10] for use of antidepressant medication; from OR = 1.93 [1.37-2.73] to OR = 1.94 [1.34-2.80] for use of antipsychotic medication; from RR = 1.55 [95% CI 1.21-1.99] to RR = 1.74 [95% CI 1.30-2.34] for insomnia, and finally showed OR = 1.47 [95% CI 1.23-1.75] for anxiety disorders. Plausible underlying mechanisms were discussed, but in most reviews corrections for mechanisms did not explain the association. Notable, only 16% of the systematic reviews had a high methodological quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Lindekilde
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Femke Rutters
- Department Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan Erik Henriksen
- STENO Diabetes Centre Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Mathias Lasgaard
- DEFACTUM - Public Health and Health Services Research, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Miranda T Schram
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Katrine Hass Rubin
- OPEN - Open Patient data Explorative Network, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of College London, London, United Kingdom; Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Giesje Nefs
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic disorders (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands; Diabeter, National treatment and research center for children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Medical Psychology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Frans Pouwer
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; STENO Diabetes Centre Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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82
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Tibubos AN, Otten D, Zöller D, Binder H, Wild PS, Fleischer T, Johar H, Atasoy S, Schulze L, Ladwig KH, Schomerus G, Linkohr B, Grabe HJ, Kruse J, Schmidt CO, Münzel T, König J, Brähler E, Beutel ME. Bidimensional structure and measurement equivalence of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9: sex-sensitive assessment of depressive symptoms in three representative German cohort studies. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:238. [PMID: 33952234 PMCID: PMC8101182 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03234-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) has been proposed as a reliable and valid screening instrument for depressive symptoms with one latent factor. However, studies explicitly testing alternative model structures found support for a two-dimensional structure reflecting a somatic and a cognitive-affective dimension. We investigated the bidimensional structure of the PHQ-9, with a somatic (sleeping problems, fatigability, appetitive problems, and psychomotor retardation) and a cognitive-affective dimension (lack of interest, depressed mood, negative feelings about self, concentration problems, and suicidal ideation), and tested for sex- and regional-differences. METHODS We have included data from the GEnder-Sensitive Analyses of mental health trajectories and implications for prevention: A multi-cohort consortium (GESA). Privacy-preserving analyses to provide information on the overall population and cohort-specific information and analyses of variance to compare depressive, somatic and cognitive-affective symptoms between sexes and cohorts were executed in DataSHIELD. In order to determine the dimensionality and measurement invariance of the PHQ-9 we tested three models (1 factor, 2 correlated factors, and bifactor) via confirmatory analyses and performed multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS Differences between sex and cohorts exist for PHQ-9 and for both of its dimensions. Women reported depressive symptoms in general as well as somatic and cognitive-affective symptoms more frequently. For all tested models an acceptable to excellent fit was found, consistently indicating a better model fit for the two-factor and bifactor model. Scalar measurement invariance was established between women and men, the three cohorts, and their interaction. CONCLUSIONS The two facets of depression should be taken into account when using PHQ-9, while data also render support to a general factor. Somatic and cognitive-affective symptoms assessed by the PHQ-9 can be considered equivalent across women and men and between different German populations from different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana N Tibubos
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniëlle Otten
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Daniela Zöller
- Freiburg Center of Data Analysis and Modelling, Mathematical Institute - Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Harald Binder
- Freiburg Center of Data Analysis and Modelling, Mathematical Institute - Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Toni Fleischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hamimatunnisa Johar
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Gieβen and Marburg, Gieβen, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Seryan Atasoy
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Gieβen and Marburg, Gieβen, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lara Schulze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Ladwig
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Birgit Linkohr
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johannes Kruse
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Gieβen and Marburg, Gieβen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Münzel
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochem König
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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83
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Belleville G, Ouellet MC, Lebel J, Ghosh S, Morin CM, Bouchard S, Guay S, Bergeron N, Campbell T, MacMaster FP. Psychological Symptoms Among Evacuees From the 2016 Fort McMurray Wildfires: A Population-Based Survey One Year Later. Front Public Health 2021; 9:655357. [PMID: 34017813 PMCID: PMC8130827 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.655357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The 2016 wildfires in Fort McMurray (Alberta, Canada) led to a massive displacement of 88,000 people and destroyed 2,400 homes. Although no direct human fatality resulted, many individuals feared for their lives or those of their loved ones. Objectives: (1) To estimate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress, major depressive, insomnia, generalized anxiety, and substance use disorders in the adult population of Fort McMurray 1 year after the evacuation; (2) To identify pre-, peri-, and post-disaster correlates of mental health disorders. Methods: A phone survey using random digit sampling was used to survey evacuees. A total of 1,510 evacuees (response rate = 40.2%, 55.5% women, mean age = 44.11, SD = 12.69) were interviewed between May 9th and July 28th, 2017. Five validated scales were administered: the PTSD Symptoms Checklist (PCL-5), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the depression and anxiety subscales of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, GAD-7), and the CAGE Substance Abuse Screening Tool. Results: One year after the wildfires, 38% had a probable diagnosis of either post-traumatic stress, major depressive, insomnia, generalized anxiety, or substance use disorder, or a combination of these. Insomnia disorder was the most common, with an estimated prevalence of 28.5%. Post-traumatic stress, major depressive and generalized anxiety disorders were almost equally prevalent, with ~15% each. The estimated prevalence of substance use disorder was 7.9%. For all five mental health disorders, having a mental health condition prior to the fires was a significant risk factor, as well as having experienced financial stress or strain due to the economic decline already present in Fort McMurray. Five post-disaster consequences were significant predictors of four of the five disorders: decrease in work, decrease in social life, poorer current health status, increase in drug and alcohol use, and higher level of stress experienced since the fires. Conclusion: One year after the fires, more than one third of the evacuees had clinically significant psychological symptoms, including those of insomnia, post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and substance use. This study helped identify individuals more at risk for mental health issues after a natural disaster and could guide post-disaster psychosocial support strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jessica Lebel
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Charles M Morin
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bouchard
- Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Guay
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bergeron
- Département de Psychiatrie et d'Addictiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Doctors of the World Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tavis Campbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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84
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Lyubenova A, Neupane D, Levis B, Wu Y, Sun Y, He C, Krishnan A, Bhandari PM, Negeri Z, Imran M, Rice DB, Azar M, Chiovitti MJ, Saadat N, Riehm KE, Boruff JT, Ioannidis JPA, Cuijpers P, Gilbody S, Kloda LA, Patten SB, Shrier I, Ziegelstein RC, Comeau L, Mitchell ND, Tonelli M, Vigod SN, Aceti F, Barnes J, Bavle AD, Beck CT, Bindt C, Boyce PM, Bunevicius A, Chaudron LH, Favez N, Figueiredo B, Garcia-Esteve L, Giardinelli L, Helle N, Howard LM, Kohlhoff J, Kusminskas L, Kozinszky Z, Lelli L, Leonardou AA, Meuti V, Radoš SN, García PN, Pawlby SJ, Quispel C, Robertson-Blackmore E, Rochat TJ, Sharp DJ, Siu BWM, Stein A, Stewart RC, Tadinac M, Tandon SD, Tendais I, Töreki A, Torres-Giménez A, Tran TD, Trevillion K, Turner K, Vega-Dienstmaier JM, Benedetti A, Thombs BD. Depression prevalence based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale compared to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM DIsorders classification: Systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2021; 30:e1860. [PMID: 33089942 PMCID: PMC7992289 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estimates of depression prevalence in pregnancy and postpartum are based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) more than on any other method. We aimed to determine if any EPDS cutoff can accurately and consistently estimate depression prevalence in individual studies. METHODS We analyzed datasets that compared EPDS scores to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) major depression status. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to compare prevalence with EPDS cutoffs versus the SCID. RESULTS Seven thousand three hundred and fifteen participants (1017 SCID major depression) from 29 primary studies were included. For EPDS cutoffs used to estimate prevalence in recent studies (≥9 to ≥14), pooled prevalence estimates ranged from 27.8% (95% CI: 22.0%-34.5%) for EPDS ≥ 9 to 9.0% (95% CI: 6.8%-11.9%) for EPDS ≥ 14; pooled SCID major depression prevalence was 9.0% (95% CI: 6.5%-12.3%). EPDS ≥14 provided pooled prevalence closest to SCID-based prevalence but differed from SCID prevalence in individual studies by a mean absolute difference of 5.1% (95% prediction interval: -13.7%, 12.3%). CONCLUSION EPDS ≥14 approximated SCID-based prevalence overall, but considerable heterogeneity in individual studies is a barrier to using it for prevalence estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Lyubenova
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dipika Neupane
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Brooke Levis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,School of Primary, Centre for Prognosis Research, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Yin Wu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ying Sun
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chen He
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ankur Krishnan
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Parash M Bhandari
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Zelalem Negeri
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mahrukh Imran
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Danielle B Rice
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marleine Azar
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Matthew J Chiovitti
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nazanin Saadat
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kira E Riehm
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill T Boruff
- Schulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, EMGO Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Gilbody
- Hull York Medical School and the Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Lorie A Kloda
- Library, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Scott B Patten
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Cuthbertson & Fischer Chair in Pediatric Mental Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian Shrier
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Roy C Ziegelstein
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Liane Comeau
- International Union for Health Promotion and Health Education, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicholas D Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marcello Tonelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simone N Vigod
- Women's College Hospital and Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Franca Aceti
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacqueline Barnes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Amar D Bavle
- Department of Psychiatry, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Cheryl T Beck
- University of Connecticut School of Nursing, Mansfield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carola Bindt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philip M Boyce
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Westmead Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adomas Bunevicius
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Linda H Chaudron
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Nicolas Favez
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,IUP, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Lluïsa Garcia-Esteve
- Perinatal Mental Health Unit CLINIC-BCN, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Vulnerability, Psychopathology and Gender Research Group, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa Giardinelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Nadine Helle
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Louise M Howard
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jane Kohlhoff
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.,Ingham Institute, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia.,Karitane, Carramar, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Zoltán Kozinszky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Lelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Angeliki A Leonardou
- First Department of Psychiatry, Women's Mental Health Clinic, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Valentina Meuti
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra N Radoš
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Purificación N García
- Perinatal Mental Health Unit CLINIC-BCN, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Psychology Service, Regidoria de Polítiques de Gènere, Ajuntament de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Susan J Pawlby
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chantal Quispel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tamsen J Rochat
- MRC/Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Human and Social Development Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Deborah J Sharp
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bonnie W M Siu
- Department of Psychiatry, Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alan Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Robert C Stewart
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.,Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit (MEIRU), Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Meri Tadinac
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Darius Tandon
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Iva Tendais
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Anna Torres-Giménez
- Perinatal Mental Health Unit CLINIC-BCN, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Vulnerability, Psychopathology and Gender Research Group, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thach D Tran
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylee Trevillion
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine Turner
- Epilepsy Center-Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Brett D Thombs
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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85
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Knudsen AKS, Stene-Larsen K, Gustavson K, Hotopf M, Kessler RC, Krokstad S, Skogen JC, Øverland S, Reneflot A. Prevalence of mental disorders, suicidal ideation and suicides in the general population before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway: A population-based repeated cross-sectional analysis. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE 2021; 4:100071. [PMID: 34557811 PMCID: PMC8454837 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Self-report data on mental distress indicate a deterioration of population mental health in many countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. A Norwegian epidemiological diagnostic psychiatric interview survey was conducted from January to September 2020, allowing for comparison of mental disorder and suicidal ideation prevalence from before through different pandemic periods. Prevalence of suicide deaths were compared between 2020 and 2014-2018. Methods Participants from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) in Trondheim were recruited through repeated probability sampling. Using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 5.0) (n = 2154), current prevalence of mental disorders and suicidal ideation was examined in repeated cross-sectional analyzes. Data on suicide deaths was retrieved from the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry and compared for the months March to May in 2014-2018 and 2020. Findings Prevalence of current mental disorders decreased significantly from the pre-pandemic period (January 28th to March 11th 2020; 15•3% (95% CI 12•4-18•8)) to the first pandemic period (March 12th - May 31st; 8•7% (6•8-11•0)). Prevalences were similar between the pre-pandemic period and the interim (June 1st July 31st; 14•2% (11•4-17•5)) and second periods (August 1st-September 18th; 11•9% (9•0-15•6)). No significant differences were observed in suicidal ideation or in suicide deaths. Interpretation Except for a decrease in mental disorders in the first pandemic period, the findings suggest stable levels of mental disorders, suicidal ideation and suicide deaths during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic levels. Potential methodological and contextual explanations of these findings compared with findings from other studies are discussed. Funding None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen
- Centre for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Zander Kaaes Gate 7, PO Box 973 Sentrum, 5-5808, 5015 Bergen, Norway
- Corresponding author.
| | - Kim Stene-Larsen
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Marcus Thranes Gate 6, 0473 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Gustavson
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Marcus Thranes Gate 6, 0473 Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London SE5 8 AF, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, 16 De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, London SE5 8 AF, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 180 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 United States
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Forskningsvegen 2, 7600 Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Kirkegata 2, 7600 Levanger, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Zander Kaaes gate 7, 5015 Bergen, Norway
- Center for Alcohol & Drug Research, Stavanger University Hospital, 4010 Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Simon Øverland
- Centre for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Zander Kaaes Gate 7, PO Box 973 Sentrum, 5-5808, 5015 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Reneflot
- Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Marcus Thranes Gate 6, 0473 Oslo, Norway
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86
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Knapstad M, Sivertsen B, Knudsen AK, Smith ORF, Aarø LE, Lønning KJ, Skogen JC. Trends in self-reported psychological distress among college and university students from 2010 to 2018. Psychol Med 2021; 51:470-478. [PMID: 31779729 PMCID: PMC7958482 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719003350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in reported psychological distress, particularly among adolescent girls, is observed across a range of countries. Whether a similar trend exists among students in higher education remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to describe trends in self-reported psychological distress among Norwegian college and university students from 2010 to 2018. METHODS We employed data from the Students' Health and Wellbeing Study (SHoT), a nationwide survey for higher education in Norway including full-time students aged 18-34. Numbers of participants (participation rates) were n = 6065 (23%) in 2010, n = 13 663 (29%) in 2014 and n = 49 321 (31%) in 2018. Psychological distress was measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25). RESULTS Overall, a statistically significant increase in self-reported psychological distress was observed over time across gender and age-groups. HSCL-25 scores were markedly higher for women than for men at all time-points. Effect-size of the mean change was also stronger for women (time-by-gender interaction: χ2 = 70.02, df = 2, p < 0.001): in women, mean HSCL-25 score increased from 1.62 in 2010 to 1.82 in 2018, yielding a mean change effect-size of 0.40. The corresponding change in men was from 1.42 in 2010 to 1.53 in 2018, giving an effect-size of 0.26. CONCLUSIONS Both the level and increase in self-reported psychological distress among Norwegian students in higher education are potentially worrying. Several mechanisms may contribute to the observed trend, including changes in response style and actual increase in distress. The relative low response rates in SHoT warrant caution when interpreting and generalising the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Knapstad
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research & Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann Kristin Knudsen
- Centre for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Leif Edvard Aarø
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kari Jussie Lønning
- The Norwegian Medical Association, Oslo, Norway
- The Student Welfare Association of Oslo and Akershus (SiO), Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway (KoRFor), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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87
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Wu Y, Negeri Z, Benedetti A, Thombs B. Comment on: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Assessment of Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis. Arch Rheumatol 2021; 35:458-459. [PMID: 33458674 PMCID: PMC7788642 DOI: 10.46497/archrheumatol.2020.7920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zelalem Negeri
- Department of Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Epidemiology, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Epidemiology, Montreal, Canada
| | - Brett Thombs
- Department of Psychiatry, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
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88
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Radhakrishnan A, Govindaraj R, Sasidharan A, Ravindra PN, Yadav R, Kutty BM. People with dyssomnia showed increased vulnerability to CoVID-19 pandemic: a questionnaire-based study exploring the patterns and predictors of sleep quality using the latent class analysis technique in Indian population. Sleep Med 2021; 79:29-39. [PMID: 33485259 PMCID: PMC7834060 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CoVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown have impacted the sleep quality and the overall wellbeing of mankind. The present epidemiological study measured various aspects of sleep disturbance such as sleep quality, daytime impairments, negative emotionality, sleep hygiene, and well-being associated with CoVID-19 pandemic among the Indian population. METHODS This cross-sectional voluntary online survey (using Google form) was communicated across the country from 4th June to 3rd July 2020 through mail and social media applications. The responses received (N = 450) were categorized and validated using the latent class analysis and logistic regression tests respectively, and the classes and subclasses derived were profiled. These techniques are used for the first time in a CoVID-19 sleep study. RESULTS Out of the three classes derived from the LCA, people with severe dyssomnia belonging to class 1 (33.3%) showed high daytime impairments, negative emotionality and high vulnerability towards CoVID-19 pandemic measures. In addition, the two subclasses derived from the severe dyssomnia group; one with negative emotionality predominance and the other with excessive daytime sleepiness, were similarly affected by CoVID-19 measures. People with moderate dyssomnia (class 2, 28.5%) showed frequent arousals with daytime impairments and the majority (38.2%) which fell in to class 3, the 'no dyssomnia' category, were not impacted by CoVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION People with existing sleep problems or those who were vulnerable to the same were the ones affected by CoVID-19 pandemic. Those with inadequate emotional coping styles have showed heightened vulnerability. Proper medical and cognitive interventions are highly recommended for this population. No or moderate dyssomnia categories (class 3 and 2 respectively) were less impacted by CoVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arathi Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Consciousness Studies, Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Ramajayam Govindaraj
- Centre for Consciousness Studies, Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Arun Sasidharan
- Centre for Consciousness Studies, Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - P N Ravindra
- Centre for Consciousness Studies, Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Bindu M Kutty
- Centre for Consciousness Studies, Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India.
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89
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Ekeberg KA, Abebe DS. Mental disorders among young adults of immigrant background: a nationwide register study in Norway. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:953-962. [PMID: 33156357 PMCID: PMC8192316 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous research indicates increased risk of various mental disorders in immigrant populations, particularly for schizophrenia and PTSD. However, findings are inconclusive due to variations in contextual factors, characteristics of immigrant groups and study design. Our study aims to investigate prevalence differences of receiving an ICD-10 psychiatric diagnosis between 2008 and 2016 among four first-generation immigrant groups and one second-generation immigrant group compared to ethnic Norwegians. METHODS Linked register data from the Norwegian Patient Registry and Statistics Norway were utilised. The sample (age 18-35) comprises 758,774 ethnic Norwegians, 61,124 immigrants originating from Poland, Somalia, Iran and Pakistan and 4630 s-generation Pakistani immigrants. Age- and gender-adjusted binary logistic regression models were applied. RESULTS The odds of schizophrenia were significantly elevated for all groups except for Poles. The highest odds were observed for second-generation Pakistani immigrants (adjusted OR 2.72, 95% CI 2.21-3.35). For PTSD, the odds were significantly increased for Somalis (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.11-1.54), second-generation Pakistani immigrants (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.11-1.70), and in particular for Iranians (aOR 3.99, 95% CI 3.51-4.54). While Iranians showed similar or higher odds of receiving the vast majority of psychiatric diagnoses, the remaining groups showed lower or similar odds compared to ethnic Norwegians. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest considerable prevalence differences in receiving a psychiatric diagnosis according to country of origin and generational status compared to ethnic Norwegian controls. The general pattern was lower prevalence of most ICD-10 mental disorders for the majority of immigrant groups compared to ethnic Norwegians, except for schizophrenia and PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dawit Shawel Abebe
- grid.412414.60000 0000 9151 4445Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway ,grid.412929.50000 0004 0627 386XNorwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
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90
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Killgore WDS, Cloonan SA, Taylor EC, Dailey NS. Mental Health During the First Weeks of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:561898. [PMID: 33967841 PMCID: PMC8100184 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.561898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: By March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 crisis as a worldwide pandemic and many local governments instituted stay-at-home orders and closed non-essential businesses. Within the United States, tens of millions of workers lost their jobs and financial security during the first few weeks of the national response, in an attempt to slow the global pandemic. Because of the enormity of the pandemic and its potential impact on mental health, the objective of the present study was to document the prevalence of mental health problems and their association with pandemic-related job loss during the third week of the nationwide shutdown. Methods: Mental health was assessed via online questionnaires among a representative sample of 1,013 U.S. adults on April 9-10, 2020. Rates of clinically significant mental health outcomes were compared between participants who lost their job as a result of COVID-19 restrictions (17.4%) vs. those who did not (82.6%). Bivariate multiple logistic regression identified factors that were predictive of, and protective against, mental health problems. Results: The prevalence of clinically significant symptoms was significantly higher than prior population estimates, ranging from 27 to 32% for depression, 30 to 46% for anxiety disorders, 15 to 18% for acute/post-traumatic stress, 25% for insomnia, and 18% for suicidal ideation. Prevalence estimates were 1.5-1.7 times higher for those who reported job loss due to COVID-19 restrictions than those who did not. Mental health problems were predicted by worry over financial instability, insomnia, social isolation, and alcohol consumption, while getting outside more often, perceived social support, and older age were protective against these problems. Conclusions: During the first 3 weeks of lockdowns/stay-at-home restrictions, mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, insomnia, and acute stress reactions were notably elevated relative to prior population estimates. Job loss related to the nationwide shutdown was particularly associated with poorer mental health. These findings provide a baseline of mental health functioning during the first weeks of the national emergency and lockdown orders in response to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D S Killgore
- Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Sara A Cloonan
- Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Emily C Taylor
- Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Natalie S Dailey
- Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
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91
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Do HP, Baker PRA, Vo TV, Luong-Thanh BY, Nguyen LH, Valdebenito S, Eisner M, Tran BX, Hoang TD, Dunne MP. Brief screening for maternal mental health in Vietnam: Measures of positive wellbeing and perceived stress predict prenatal and postnatal depression. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Scherer N, Hameed S, Acarturk C, Deniz G, Sheikhani A, Volkan S, Örücü A, Pivato I, Akıncı İ, Patterson A, Polack S. Prevalence of common mental disorders among Syrian refugee children and adolescents in Sultanbeyli district, Istanbul: results of a population-based survey. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2020; 29:e192. [PMID: 33298230 PMCID: PMC7737189 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796020001079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Research demonstrates elevated levels of common mental disorders among Syrian refugees, but the majority of studies have, to date, focused on adult populations. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Syrian children and adolescents living in Sultanbeyli district of Istanbul, Turkey. METHODS A population-based survey among Syrian children and adolescents aged 8-17 years living in Sultanbeyli district was conducted in 2019, as part of an all-age survey of disability. 80 clusters of 50 participants (all-ages) were selected from the local municipality's refugee registration database using probability proportionate to size sampling. Children aged 8-17 years were assessed for symptoms of common mental disorders using the Child Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8) and abbreviated versions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED). RESULTS Of the 852 participants, 23.7% (95% CI 19.9-27.2) screened positive for symptomatic depression, PTSD and anxiety. The prevalence estimates for depression, PTSD and anxiety were 12.5% (95% CI 9.8-15.6), 11.5% (95% CI 9.1-14.4) and 9.2% (95% CI 6.8-12.1), respectively. Depression and PTSD were significantly more common in older adolescents, whilst anxiety and PTSD were significantly more common in girls. Depression was more common in children from poorer households and those who had received no education. Children coming from larger households were less likely to show symptoms of PTSD. CONCLUSIONS Syrian refugee children and adolescents are vulnerable to common mental disorders, and culturally appropriate prevention and intervention support are needed for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Scherer
- Department of Clinical Research, International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - S. Hameed
- Department of Clinical Research, International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - C. Acarturk
- Department of Psychology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G. Deniz
- Mülteciler Derneği, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - S. Volkan
- Relief International, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A. Örücü
- Mülteciler Derneği, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - I. Pivato
- Relief International, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İ. Akıncı
- Mülteciler Derneği, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - S. Polack
- Department of Clinical Research, International Centre for Evidence in Disability, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Thombs BD, Kwakkenbos L, Henry RS, Carrier ME, Patten S, Harb S, Bourgeault A, Tao L, Bartlett SJ, Mouthon L, Varga J, Benedetti A. Changes in mental health symptoms from pre-COVID-19 to COVID-19 among participants with systemic sclerosis from four countries: A Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network (SPIN) Cohort study. J Psychosom Res 2020; 139:110262. [PMID: 33070043 PMCID: PMC7532799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No studies have reported mental health symptom comparisons prior to and during COVID-19 in vulnerable medical populations. OBJECTIVE To compare anxiety and depression symptoms among people with a pre-existing medical condition and factors associated with changes. METHODS Pre-COVID-19 Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Cohort data were linked to COVID-19 data from April 2020. Multiple linear and logistic regression were used to assess factors associated with continuous change and ≥ 1 minimal clinically important difference (MCID) change for anxiety (PROMIS Anxiety 4a v1.0; MCID = 4.0) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8; MCID = 3.0) symptoms, controlling for pre-COVID-19 levels. RESULTS Mean anxiety symptoms increased 4.9 points (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.0 to 5.7). Depression symptom change was negligible (0.3 points; 95% CI -0.7 to 0.2). Compared to France (N = 159), adjusted anxiety symptom change scores were significantly higher in the United Kingdom (N = 50; 3.3 points, 95% CI 0.9 to 5.6), United States (N = 128; 2.5 points, 95% CI 0.7 to 4.2), and Canada (N = 98; 1.9 points, 95% CI 0.1 to 3.8). Odds of ≥1 MCID increase were 2.6 for the United Kingdom (95% CI 1.2 to 5.7) but not significant for the United States (1.6, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.9) or Canada (1.4, 95% CI 0.7 to 2.5). Older age and adequate financial resources were associated with less continuous anxiety increase. Employment and shorter time since diagnosis were associated with lower odds of a ≥ 1 MCID increase. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety symptoms, but not depression symptoms, increased dramatically during COVID-19 among people with a pre-existing medical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D. Thombs
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 4333 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E4, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, 1020 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A2, Canada,Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada,Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y2, Canada,Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, 3647 Peel Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1X1, Canada,Corresponding author at: 4333 Cote Ste Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E4, Canada
| | - Linda Kwakkenbos
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard S. Henry
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 4333 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E4, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Carrier
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 4333 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E4, Canada
| | - Scott Patten
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Sami Harb
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 4333 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E4, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Angelica Bourgeault
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 4333 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E4, Canada
| | - Lydia Tao
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 4333 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E4, Canada
| | - Susan J. Bartlett
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada,Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, 5252 de Maisonneuve #3D.57, Montreal, Quebec H4A 2S5, Canada
| | - Luc Mouthon
- Université Paris Descartes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 3 Avenue Victoria, 75004 Paris, France,Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de Reference Maladies Systémiques Autoimmunes Rares d'Ile de France, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - John Varga
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 675 North St. Clair, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, 1020 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A2, Canada,Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada,Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, 5252 boulevard de Maisonneuve, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - for the SPIN Patient AdvisorsFortunéCatherineqGietzenAmyrGuillotGenevièvesLewisNancytRichardMichelleuSauvéMaureenqWellingJoepvFligelstoneKimwGottesmanKarenrLeiteCatarinaxPérezElisabetyScleroderma Society of Ontario, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaScleroderma Foundation, Tri-State Chapter, Binghamton, NY, USASclérodermie Québec, Longueuil, Quebec, CanadaToronto, Ontario, CanadaScleroderma Atlantic, Halifax, Nova Scotia, CanadaNVLE Dutch Patient Organization for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Utrecht, the NetherlandsScleroderma & Raynaud's UK, London, United KingdomUniversity of Minho, Braga, PortugalAsociación Española de Esclerodermia, Madrid, Spain
| | - SPIN InvestigatorsBaronMurrayzMalcarneVanessaaaMayesMaureen D.abNielsonWarren R.acRiggsRobertaaAssassiShervinabEllsCarolynzvan den EndeCorneliaadFrechTracyaeHarelDaphnaafHinchcliffMoniqueagHudsonMariezJohnsonSindhu R.ahaiLarcheMaggieajNguyenChristelleakauPopeJanetalRannouFrançoisakReynaTatiana Sofia RodriguezamSchouffoerAnne A.anSuarez-AlmazorMaria E.aoAgardChristianapAlbertAlexandraaqBernsteinElana J.arBerthierSabineapBissonnetteLyneasBrunsAlessandraasCarreiraPatriciaatChaigneBenjaminauChungLorindaavCorreiaChaseawDentonChristopheraxDomsicRobynayDunneJames V.azDunogueBertrandauFarge-BancelDominiqueauFortinPaul R.baGordonJessicabbGranel-ReyBrigitteaubcHatronPierre-YvesbdHerrickAriane L.beHoaSabrinabfJonesNiallbgFernandesArtur Jose de B.asKafajaSuzannebhKhalidiNaderajLaunayDavidbdManningJoannebiMarieIsabellebjMartinMariaatbkMekinianArseneauMelchorSheilaatNikpourMandanablOlagneLouisapProudmanSusannabmRégentAlexisauRivièreSébastienauRobinsonDavidbnRodriguezEstheratRouxSophieasSobanskiVincentbdSteenVirginiaboSuttonEvelynbpThorneCarterbqWilcoxPearceazAyalaMara CañedobrCarboni-JiménezAndreabrGagarineMariabrNordlundJuliabrØstbøNorabrRiceDanielle B.brTurnerKimberly A.brCulos-ReedNicolebsDyasLaurabtEl-BaalbakiGhassanbuHebblethwaiteShannonbvBustamanteLaurabvDuchekDelaneybsEllisKelseybsMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaSan Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USAUniversity of Texas McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, TX, USASt. Joseph's Health Care, London, ON, CanadaSint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, the NetherlandsUniversity of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USANew York University, New York, New York, USAYale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USAToronto Scleroderma Program, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaMcMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceUniversity of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, CanadaInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, MexicoLeiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the NetherlandsUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USACentre Hospitalier Universitaire - Hôtel-Dieu de Nantes, Nantes, FranceUniversité Laval, Quebec, Quebec, CanadaColumbia University, New York, NY, USAUniversité de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, CanadaServicio de Reumatologia del Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, SpainAssistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, FranceStanford University, Stanford, CA, USANorthwestern University, Chicago, IL, USARoyal Free London Hospital, London, UKUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USASt. Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaCHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, CanadaHospital for Special Surgery, New York City, NY, USAAix Marseille Université, Marseille, FranceCentre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, FranceUniversity of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UKCentre hospitalier de l'université de Montréal – CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaUniversity of California, Los Angeles, CA, USASalford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UKCHU Rouen, Hôpital de Bois-Guillaume, Rouen, FranceFrançois Maurier, Hôpitaux Privés de Metz, Hôpital Belle-Isle, Metz, FranceSt Vincent's Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaRoyal Adelaide Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaUniversity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaGeorgetown University, Washington, DC, USADalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, CanadaSouthlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, CanadaJewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaUniversity of Calgary, Alberta, CanadaScleroderma Foundation Michigan Chapter, Southfield, MI, USAUniversité du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, CanadaConcordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Brehaut E, Neupane D, Levis B, Wu Y, Sun Y, Krishnan A, He C, Bhandari PM, Negeri Z, Riehm KE, Rice DB, Azar M, Yan XW, Imran M, Chiovitti MJ, Saadat N, Cuijpers P, Ioannidis JPA, Markham S, Patten SB, Ziegelstein RC, Henry M, Ismail Z, Loiselle CG, Mitchell ND, Tonelli M, Boruff JT, Kloda LA, Beraldi A, Braeken APBM, Carter G, Clover K, Conroy RM, Cukor D, da Rocha E Silva CE, De Souza J, Downing MG, Feinstein A, Ferentinos PP, Fischer FH, Flint AJ, Fujimori M, Gallagher P, Goebel S, Jetté N, Julião M, Keller M, Kjærgaard M, Love AW, Löwe B, Martin-Santos R, Michopoulos I, Navines R, O'Rourke SJ, Öztürk A, Pintor L, Ponsford JL, Rooney AG, Sánchez-González R, Schwarzbold ML, Sharpe M, Simard S, Singer S, Stone J, Tung KY, Turner A, Walker J, Walterfang M, White J, Benedetti A, Thombs BD. Depression prevalence using the HADS-D compared to SCID major depression classification: An individual participant data meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res 2020; 139:110256. [PMID: 33069051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Validated diagnostic interviews are required to classify depression status and estimate prevalence of disorder, but screening tools are often used instead. We used individual participant data meta-analysis to compare prevalence based on standard Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - depression subscale (HADS-D) cutoffs of ≥8 and ≥11 versus Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) major depression and determined if an alternative HADS-D cutoff could more accurately estimate prevalence. METHODS We searched Medline, Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations via Ovid, PsycINFO, and Web of Science (inception-July 11, 2016) for studies comparing HADS-D scores to SCID major depression status. Pooled prevalence and pooled differences in prevalence for HADS-D cutoffs versus SCID major depression were estimated. RESULTS 6005 participants (689 SCID major depression cases) from 41 primary studies were included. Pooled prevalence was 24.5% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 20.5%, 29.0%) for HADS-D ≥8, 10.7% (95% CI: 8.3%, 13.8%) for HADS-D ≥11, and 11.6% (95% CI: 9.2%, 14.6%) for SCID major depression. HADS-D ≥11 was closest to SCID major depression prevalence, but the 95% prediction interval for the difference that could be expected for HADS-D ≥11 versus SCID in a new study was -21.1% to 19.5%. CONCLUSIONS HADS-D ≥8 substantially overestimates depression prevalence. Of all possible cutoff thresholds, HADS-D ≥11 was closest to the SCID, but there was substantial heterogeneity in the difference between HADS-D ≥11 and SCID-based estimates. HADS-D should not be used as a substitute for a validated diagnostic interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Brehaut
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Dipika Neupane
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Brooke Levis
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK.
| | - Yin Wu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Ying Sun
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Ankur Krishnan
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Chen He
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Parash Mani Bhandari
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Zelalem Negeri
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Kira E Riehm
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Danielle B Rice
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Marleine Azar
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Xin Wei Yan
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Mahrukh Imran
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Matthew J Chiovitti
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Nazanin Saadat
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Sarah Markham
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Scott B Patten
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Cuthbertson & Fischer Chair in Pediatric Mental Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Roy C Ziegelstein
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Melissa Henry
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Carmen G Loiselle
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Nursing Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Nicholas D Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Marcello Tonelli
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jill T Boruff
- Schulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Lorie A Kloda
- Library, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Anna Beraldi
- kbo Lech-Mangfall-Klinik für Psychatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychsomatik, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Bayern, Germany.
| | - Anna P B M Braeken
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Faculty of Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands; Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gregory Carter
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Calvary Mater Newcastle, Australia.
| | - Kerrie Clover
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ronán M Conroy
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Division of Population Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | - Carlos E da Rocha E Silva
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Jennifer De Souza
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Marina G Downing
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Anthony Feinstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Panagiotis P Ferentinos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.
| | - Felix H Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alastair J Flint
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Maiko Fujimori
- Section of Psychological Science, Division of Health Care Research, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Simone Goebel
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Nathalie Jetté
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Miguel Julião
- Equipa Comunitária de Suporte em Cuidados Paliativos de Sintra, Portugal.
| | - Monika Keller
- Division of Psychooncology, Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marie Kjærgaard
- Endocrinology Research Group, Medical Clinic, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Kolding Hospital, Hospital Lillebaelt, Denmark.
| | - Anthony W Love
- Department of Psychology, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Bernd Löwe
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Rocio Martin-Santos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ioannis Michopoulos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Attikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Ricard Navines
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Suzanne J O'Rourke
- School of Health in Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. Suzanne.O'
| | | | - Luis Pintor
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Augusto Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Consultation Liaison Psychiatry Unit, Hospital Clínico de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jennie L Ponsford
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Alasdair G Rooney
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Robert Fergusson Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Roberto Sánchez-González
- Department of Psychiatry, Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, Centre Emili Mira, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marcelo L Schwarzbold
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Michael Sharpe
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sébastien Simard
- Département des sciences de la santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Québec, Canada; Centre intersectoriel en santé durable (CISD), Québec, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Québec, Canada.
| | - Susanne Singer
- University Medical Centre Mainz, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Jon Stone
- Department of Neurology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | - Alyna Turner
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jane Walker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Mark Walterfang
- Neuropsychiatry Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jennifer White
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Brett D Thombs
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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95
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Thombs BD, Levis B, Lyubenova A, Neupane D, Negeri Z, Wu Y, Sun Y, He C, Krishnan A, Vigod SN, Bhandari PM, Imran M, Rice DB, Azar M, Chiovitti MJ, Saadat N, Riehm KE, Boruff JT, Cuijpers P, Gilbody S, Ioannidis JPA, Kloda LA, Patten SB, Shrier I, Ziegelstein RC, Comeau L, Mitchell ND, Tonelli M, Barnes J, Beck CT, Bindt C, Figueiredo B, Helle N, Howard LM, Kohlhoff J, Kozinszky Z, Leonardou AA, Radoš SN, Quispel C, Rochat TJ, Stein A, Stewart RC, Tadinac M, Tandon SD, Tendais I, Töreki A, Tran TD, Trevillion K, Turner K, Vega-Dienstmaier JM, Benedetti A. Overestimation of Postpartum Depression Prevalence Based on a 5-item Version of the EPDS: Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2020; 65:835-844. [PMID: 33104415 PMCID: PMC7658422 DOI: 10.1177/0706743720934959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Maternal Mental Health in Canada, 2018/2019, survey reported that 18% of 7,085 mothers who recently gave birth reported "feelings consistent with postpartum depression" based on scores ≥7 on a 5-item version of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS-5). The EPDS-5 was designed as a screening questionnaire, not to classify disorders or estimate prevalence; the extent to which EPDS-5 results reflect depression prevalence is unknown. We investigated EPDS-5 ≥7 performance relative to major depression prevalence based on a validated diagnostic interview, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID). METHODS We searched Medline, Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO, and the Web of Science Core Collection through June 2016 for studies with data sets with item response data to calculate EPDS-5 scores and that used the SCID to ascertain depression status. We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis to estimate pooled percentage of EPDS-5 ≥7, pooled SCID major depression prevalence, and the pooled difference in prevalence. RESULTS A total of 3,958 participants from 19 primary studies were included. Pooled prevalence of SCID major depression was 9.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.0% to 13.7%), pooled percentage of participants with EPDS-5 ≥7 was 16.2% (95% CI 10.7% to 23.8%), and pooled difference was 8.0% (95% CI 2.9% to 13.2%). In the 19 included studies, mean and median ratios of EPDS-5 to SCID prevalence were 2.1 and 1.4 times. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence estimated based on EPDS-5 ≥7 appears to be substantially higher than the prevalence of major depression. Validated diagnostic interviews should be used to establish prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D Thombs
- 113635Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Biomedical Ethics Unit, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Brooke Levis
- 113635Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Lyubenova
- 113635Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dipika Neupane
- 113635Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Zelalem Negeri
- 113635Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yin Wu
- 113635Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ying Sun
- 113635Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chen He
- 113635Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ankur Krishnan
- 113635Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simone N Vigod
- Women's College Hospital and Research Institute, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parash Mani Bhandari
- 113635Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mahrukh Imran
- 113635Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Danielle B Rice
- 113635Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marleine Azar
- 113635Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Matthew J Chiovitti
- 113635Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nazanin Saadat
- 113635Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kira E Riehm
- 113635Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 1466Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jill T Boruff
- Schulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, EMGO Institute, 1190Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Gilbody
- Department of Health Sciences, Hull York Medical School, 8748University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Department of Statistics, 10624Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lorie A Kloda
- Library, 5618Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Scott B Patten
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Psychiatry, 2129University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, 2129University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Cuthbertson & Fischer Chair in Pediatric Mental Health, 2129University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian Shrier
- 113635Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Roy C Ziegelstein
- Department of Medicine, 1466Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liane Comeau
- International Union for Health Promotion and Health Education, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicholas D Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry, 3158University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marcello Tonelli
- Department of Medicine, 2129University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Barnes
- 215826Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carola Bindt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 234015University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | | | - Nadine Helle
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 234015University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Louise M Howard
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, 4616King's College London, United Kingdom.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Kohlhoff
- School of Psychiatry, 7800University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.,Ingham Institute, Liverpool, Australia.,Karitane, Carramar, Australia
| | - Zoltán Kozinszky
- 72227Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Blekinge Hospital, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Angeliki A Leonardou
- First Department of Psychiatry, Women's Mental Health Clinic, Athens University Medical School, Greece
| | | | - Chantal Quispel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2998Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tamsen J Rochat
- MRC/Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, 37707University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Human and Social Development Program, Human Sciences Research Council, South Africa
| | - Alan Stein
- 105611Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, 37707University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Robert C Stewart
- Division of Psychiatry, 270079University of Edinburgh, Scotland.,Malawi Epidemiology and Intervention Research Unit (MEIRU), Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Meri Tadinac
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Darius Tandon
- 12244Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Iva Tendais
- School of Psychology, 219951University of Minho, Portugal
| | | | - Thach D Tran
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 161667Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylee Trevillion
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, 4616King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Turner
- Epilepsy Cter-Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, 444273ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, 5620McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, 5620McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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96
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Sims R, Kazda L, Michaleff ZA, Glasziou P, Thomas R. Consequences of health condition labelling: protocol for a systematic scoping review. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037392. [PMID: 33109644 PMCID: PMC7592274 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When health conditions are labelled it is often to classify and communicate a set of symptoms. While diagnostic labelling can provide explanation for an individual's symptoms, it can also impact how individuals and others view those symptoms. Despite existing research regarding the effects of labelling health conditions, a synthesis of these effects has not occurred. We will conduct a systematic scoping review to synthesise the reported consequences and impact of being given a label for a health condition from an individual, societal and health practitioner perspective and explore in what context labelling of health conditions is considered important. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The review will adhere to the Joanna Briggs Methodology for Scoping Reviews. Searches will be conducted in five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane, CINAHL). Reference lists of included studies will be screened and forward and backward citation searching of included articles will be conducted. We will include reviews and original studies which describe the consequences for individuals labelled with a non-cancer health condition. We will exclude hypothetical research designs and studies focused on the consequences of labelling cancer conditions, intellectual disabilities and/or social attributes. We will conduct thematic analyses for qualitative data and descriptive or meta-analyses for quantitative data where appropriate. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required for a scoping review. Results will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed journal, conference presentations and lay-person summaries on various online platforms. Findings from this systematic scoping review will identify gaps in current understanding of how, when, why and for whom a diagnostic label is important and inform future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sims
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Luise Kazda
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zoe A Michaleff
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Glasziou
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rae Thomas
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Bond University Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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97
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Pieh C, O´Rourke T, Budimir S, Probst T. Relationship quality and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238906. [PMID: 32915878 PMCID: PMC7485771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Catastrophes are known to have an impact on relationships as well as on mental health. This study evaluated differences in several mental health and well-being measures according to relationship quality during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic and related lockdown measures. A cross-sectional online survey was launched four weeks after lockdown measures were implemented in Austria. Relationship quality was measured with the Quality of Marriage Index (QMI), and mental health measures included quality of life (WHO-QOL BREF psychological domain), well-being (WHO-5), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), stress (PSS-10), and sleep quality (ISI). ANOVAs with Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc tests and Chisquared tests were applied. In all mental health scales, individuals with good relationship quality (n = 543) scored better than individuals with poor relationship quality (n = 190) or without relationship (n = 272). The odds ratios (OR) between the poor and good relationship quality groups were 3.5 for the PHQ-9, 3.4 for the GAD-7, and 2.0 for the ISI. Additionally, individuals without no relationship scored better on all scales than individuals with poor relationship quality (all p-values < .05). Relationship quality was related to mental health during COVID-19. The prevalence of depressive symptoms increased according to relationship quality from 13% up to 35%. Relationship per se was not associated with better mental health, but the quality of the relationship was essential. Compared to no relationship, a good relationship quality was a protective factor whereas a poor relationship quality was a risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Pieh
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Teresa O´Rourke
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Sanja Budimir
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Department of Work, Organization and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Probst
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
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98
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Pieh C, Budimir S, Probst T. The effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity on mental health during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) lockdown in Austria. J Psychosom Res 2020; 136:110186. [PMID: 32682159 PMCID: PMC7832650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the governmental restrictions on mental health have been reported for different countries. This study evaluated mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in Austria and the effect of age, gender, income, work, and physical activity. METHODS An online survey was performed through Qualtrics® after four weeks of lockdown in Austria to recruit a representative sample regarding gender, age, education, and region. Indicators of mental health were quality of life (WHO-QOL BREF), well-being (WHO-5), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), stress (PSS-10), and sleep quality (ISI). RESULTS In total, N = 1005 individuals were included (53% women). 21% scored above the cut off ≥10 points (PHQ-9) for moderate depressive symptoms, 119% scored above the cut-off ≥10 points (GAD-7) for moderate anxiety symptoms, and 16% above the cut-off ≥15 points (ISI) for clinical insomnia. ANOVAs, Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc tests, and t-tests showed highest mental health problems in adults under 35 years, women, people with no work, and low income (all p-values <.05). Comparisons with a large Austrian sample recruited within the ATHIS 2014 study showed increases of depression and decreases of quality of life in times of COVID-19 as compared to before COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms (21%) and anxiety symptoms (19%) are higher during COVID-19 compared to previous epidemiological data. 16% rated over the cut-off for moderate or severe clinical insomnia. The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown seems particularly stressful for younger adults (<35 years), women, people without work, and low income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Pieh
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria.
| | - Sanja Budimir
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria; Department of Work, Organization and Society, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Thomas Probst
- Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
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Perinatal Mental Illness in the Middle East and North Africa Region-A Systematic Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155487. [PMID: 32751384 PMCID: PMC7432515 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Perinatal mental illness (PMI) is associated with a high risk of maternal and infant morbidity. Recently, several systematic reviews and primary studies have explored the prevalence and risk factors of PMI in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. To our knowledge, there has been no critical analysis of the existing systematic reviews (SRs) on this topic in the MENA region. Our systematic overview primarily aimed to synthesize evidence from the published SRs on PMI in the MENA countries focusing on a) the prevalence of PMI and b) the risk factors associated with PMI. Methods: We conducted a systematic overview of the epidemiology of PMI in the Middle East and North Africa region by searching the PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo databases for relevant publications between January 2008 and July 2019. In addition to searching the reference lists of the identified SRs for other relevant SRs and additional primary studies of relevance (those which primarily discussed the prevalence of PMI and/or risk and protective factors), between August and October 2019, we also searched Google Scholar for relevant studies. Results: After applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 systematic reviews (SRs) and 79 primary studies were included in our overview. Studies utilizing validated diagnostic tools report a PMI prevalence range from 5.6% in Morocco to 28% in Pakistan. On the other hand, studies utilizing screening tools to detect PMI report a prevalence range of 9.2% in Sudan to 85.6% in the United Arab Emirates. Wide variations were observed in studies reporting PMI risk factors. We regrouped the risk factors applying an evidence-based categorization scheme. Our study indicates that risk factors in the relational, psychological, and sociodemographic categories are the most studied in the region. Conversely, lifestyle-related risk factors were less studied. Conclusions: Our systematic overview identifies perinatal mental illness as an important public health issue in the region. Standardizing approaches for estimating, preventing, screening, and treating perinatal mental illness would be a step in the right direction for the region.
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Feligreras-Alcalá D, Frías-Osuna A, del-Pino-Casado R. Personal and Family Resources Related to Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Women during Puerperium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145230. [PMID: 32698403 PMCID: PMC7400701 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: This study investigated the relationship between personal and family resources (i.e., social support, family functioning, self-efficacy in care, sense of coherence and perceived burden of care) and depressive and anxiety symptoms in women during the puerperium, adjusting for stressors. Methods: This is a quantitative research design, carried out through a descriptive, cross-sectional correlation study. This study includes 212 women over the age of 19 who gave birth from March to September 2019 in Maternal and Child Hospital of Jaén (Spain). Women were selected during the immediate postpartum period. The variables analysed were postpartum depressive symptoms (Edinburgh scale), anxiety symptoms (STAI state anxiety questionnaire), perceived social support (Duke-UNC-11), family functioning (family APGAR), self-efficacy in care (Lawton), sense of coherence (SOC-13), perceived burden (Caregiver Strain Index) and stressful life events (Holmes and Rahe). The main analysis consisted of a multiple linear regression. Results: The regression model of depressive symptoms found a positive association with perceived burden (β = 0.230, p = 0.015) and negative associations with self-efficacy in care (β = -0.348, p < 0.001), social support (β = -0.161, p < 0.001) and sense of coherence (β = -0.081, p = 0.001). The regression model of anxiety symptoms obtained a positive association with perceived burden (β = 1.052, p < 0.001) and negative associations with self-efficacy in care (β = -0.329, p = 0.041), social support (β = -0.234, p = 0.001) and sense of coherence (β = -0.262, p < 0.001). Discussion: Firstly, depressive and anxiety symptoms in the puerperium period may be more prevalent than in other periods of a woman's life. Secondly, perceived social support, self-efficacy in caring for the newborn and sense of coherence may be protective factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms in the puerperium period. Finally, perceived burden in caring for the newborn may be a risk factor for these symptoms.
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