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Renman D, van Guelpen B, Anderson F, Axelsson J, Riklund K, Strigård K, Palmqvist R, Gunnarsson U, Gylling B. Association of pre-diagnostic physical exercise and peri-diagnostic body composition with mortality in non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2023; 38:239. [PMID: 37755537 PMCID: PMC10533590 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-023-04536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sarcopenia and myosteatosis, quantified via computed tomography (CT), are associated with poor colorectal cancer outcomes. These body composition estimates can be influenced by physical exercise. We explored the correlation between pre-diagnostic physical exercise, body composition close to diagnosis, and the combined prognosis impact of these factors. METHODS We studied 519 stage I-III colorectal cancer (CRC) cases diagnosed 2000-2016 with pre-diagnostic self-reported recreational physical exercise data collected in the prospective, population-based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study, and CT-estimated skeletal muscle index (SMI) or skeletal muscle density (SMD). Risk estimates were calculated by multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS No association was seen between low pre-diagnostic physical exercise and sarcopenia/myosteatosis in the multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, educational level, tumor stage, and tumor location. In multivariable Cox regression models, the combination of low pre-diagnostic physical exercise and either sarcopenia or myosteatosis at the time of diagnosis was associated with cancer-specific mortality compared to the reference group of high physical exercise combined with no sarcopenia/myosteatosis (adjusted HR 1.94 95% CI 1.00-3.76 for sarcopenia and adjusted HR 2.39 95% CI 1.16-4.94 for myosteatosis). CONCLUSIONS The combined presence of low pre-diagnostic physical exercise and sarcopenia or myosteatosis was associated with increased CRC-specific mortality. Despite the positive effect on prognosis, physical exercise did not alter body composition estimates at diagnosis, which could indicate attenuation from other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renman
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Bethany van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrick Anderson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Axelsson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Strigård
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard Palmqvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gunnarsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Björn Gylling
- Department of Medical Biosciences Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Shi Y, Tang Y, Stanmore E, McGarrigle L, Todd C. Non-pharmacological interventions for community-dwelling older adults with possible sarcopenia or sarcopenia: a scoping review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 112:105022. [PMID: 37084601 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a progressive, age-related muscle disease that, if left untreated, imposes significant personal, social, and economic burdens. OBJECTIVE To compile and document the nature and extent of existing studies exploring non-pharmacological interventions as a strategy to prevent or treat possible sarcopenia or sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. METHOD Thirteen databases were searched up from January 2010 to March 2023 and filters were limited to English and Chinese language. Studies with older adults (≥60 y) in the community were included. The review was conducted and reported according to the PRISMA-ScR guidance and seven stages of methodology framework. A descriptive synthesis of trial characteristics and effectiveness was conducted. RESULTS A total of 59 studies were included in the analysis. Most studies were RCTs. Few studies enrolled older adults with possible sarcopenia. The 70-79 age group has been studied more than any other age group. Six intervention types were identified, including exercise-only, nutrition-only, health education-only, traditional Chinese medicine-only, multicomponent intervention and control type. Majority of exercise-only interventions received resistance-based exercise. In nutrition-only category, overall food intervention or nutrients intervention was more than dietary pattern. Moreover, exercise plus nutrition was the main sub-type in multicomponent interventions. Health education-only and traditional Chinese medicine-only interventions were less frequently identified. Most studies had high and moderate compliance. CONCLUSION There is evidence for the effectiveness of exercise and exercise plus nutrition interventions in improving muscle strength and physical performance, whereas the effectiveness of other intervention types or their combinations requires additional research. SCOPING REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (OSF) Registration DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/RK3TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Shi
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; School of Nursing & School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China.
| | - Yimin Tang
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Emma Stanmore
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Lisa McGarrigle
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Chris Todd
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, Manchester, UK; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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53
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Jang W, Kim H. Association of socioeconomic factors and dietary intake with sarcopenic obesity in the Korean older population. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2023; 32:348-355. [PMID: 37789655 PMCID: PMC11090395 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202309_32(3).0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study investigated the relationship between socioeconomic factors, dietary intake, and sarcopenic obesity among older adults in Korea. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Data from the seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018) were analyzed. The study included 3,690 participants (1,645 men and 2,045 women) aged 65 years and older. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as the coexistence of low muscle strength (handgrip strength <28 kg in men and <18 kg in women) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference >90 cm in men and >85 cm in women). Socioeconomic factors assessed included age, living status, residential area, employment, education, and family income level. Dietary intake was evaluated using the nutrient adequacy ratio and mean adequacy ratio derived from 24-h dietary recall data. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with sarcopenic obesity. RESULTS The prevalence rates of sarcopenic obesity were 6.5% in men and 17.4% in women. Low education levels were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in women, whereas lower family income levels were associated with an increased risk of sarcopenic obesity in men. In women, a lower mean adequacy ratio was significantly associated with a higher risk of sarcopenic obesity. CONCLUSIONS Lower family income and education level are associated with a higher prevalence of sarcopenic obesity. Ad-ditionally, overall nutritional adequacy is inversely related to the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
- Institute for Better Living, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hyesook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea.
- Institute for Better Living, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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Juby A, Davis C, Minimaana S, Mager D. Observational cohort study of highly functioning community-dwelling older adults to assess their sarcopenic status, leisure physical activity, and quality of life over 12-months. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20078. [PMID: 37809471 PMCID: PMC10559810 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of sarcopenia varies depending on the cohort evaluated, and the diagnostic criteria used. Older adults with sarcopenia report lower quality of life than their non-sarcopenic peers. Leisure physical activity is reported to have a variable effect on sarcopenic status. Most studies to date, have been done in "vulnerable" populations, with fewer done on independent community-dwelling older adults. None have been done in an Alberta, Canada population. Objectives To prospectively evaluate the sarcopenic status of independent community-dwelling older Albertan adults; whether this changed over 12-months; and any association with self-reported leisure activity or quality of life. Methods Independent community-dwelling older adults were invited to participate in a 12-month observational study. Assessments were done at baseline, 6 and 12-months for physical function (TUG, SPPB, gait speed, Tinetti, grip strength), muscle mass (DXA, arm and calf circumference), body fat (skinfold, DXA), reported daily exercise (aerobic, resistance), quality of life (EQ5D), and laboratory parameters. European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definitions of sarcopenic status were used. Results All 50 participants (11 male), were independent of all basic activities of daily living at baseline, and most instrumental activities (some needed assistance with driving or finances). They had an average age of 75.8 (67-90) years, with average MMSE and MoCA cognitive scores of 28.1/30 (20-30) and 24.8/30 (14-30) respectively. Eight participants dropped out prior to their first DXA test. Of the remaining 42, 17 participants (5 male) fulfilled the EWGSOP revised criteria for probable, pre-sarcopenia, or sarcopenia, giving a rate of baseline total sarcopenia of 40.5% in this community-dwelling sample. The majority were pre-sarcopenic (28.6%), and sarcopenia was present only in 7.1%. The total sarcopenia group had a lower BMI (25.6 ± 5.1 versus 29 ± 5, p = 0.01), less body fat by skinfold measurement (36.4 ± 6.5 versus 39.3 ± 8.1, p = 0.01) and lower mid-calf (35.6 ± 3.2 versus 37.6 ± 3.4, p = 0.04) and mid-arm (29.1 ± 2.5 versus 31.9 ± 3.5, p = 0.02) circumferences when compared to their non-sarcopenic peers. After 12-months, 39 participants remained in the study. Of these, the sarcopenic status of 7 improved, 10 declined, with the remaining 56% not changing. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline laboratory parameters between the groups, including 25(OH)D status. But, of the status decliners, 40% had suboptimal 25(OH)D at baseline. Self-reported leisure activity (both total time and frequency) was not associated with sarcopenic status at 12-months. EuroQol -5D was not associated with sarcopenic status. Conclusions The rate of sarcopenia was 7.1%, but the total rate of pre, probable and sarcopenia in this highly functioning, community-dwelling older adult cohort was 40.5%. In the majority (75%), there was either no change, or an improvement, in their sarcopenic status over 12-months. There was no association identified with self-reported leisure activity or quality of life in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.G. Juby
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - C.M.J. Davis
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - S. Minimaana
- Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D.R. Mager
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Wylie G, Kroll T, Witham MD, Morris J. Increasing physical activity levels in care homes for older people: a quantitative scoping review of intervention studies to guide future research. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:3160-3176. [PMID: 36093619 PMCID: PMC10503503 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2118869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity (PA) levels in older care home residents are low. This has detrimental effects on health. Little is known about the nature of interventions to increase physical activity in this population. METHODS A scoping review to: (1) identify and describe interventions to increase PA in older care home residents, and (2) describe the extent to which interventions address care home context, systemised by social-ecological models. We systematically searched databases for peer-reviewed intervention studies to increase PA in older people resident in care homes. Data were extracted using the template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) and mapped against a social-ecological framework to locate the intervention focus. RESULTS The 19 included studies consisted of interventions tested in randomised or quasi-experimental trial designs. Interventions consisted of single or multiple components and predominantly addressed individual resident level factors (such as muscle strength) rather than broader social and environmental aspects of context. Interventions were not all fully described. For most interventions a distinct theoretical foundation was not identified. Interventions were mostly delivered by health professionals and research staff external to care homes. CONCLUSIONS Future interventions should address contextual care home factors and should be clearly described according to intervention description guidance.Implications for rehabilitationPhysical activity holds promise as an effective means of improving health and function in older care home residents, but physical activity levels in this population are low.Several reasons beyond the individual resident but related to care home contextual factors may explain low PA in care homesTo date, contextual factors influencing PA in care homes have been poorly addressed in interventions.Wider care home context (social, cultural, and environmental factors) must be considered in future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Wylie
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thilo Kroll
- Health Sciences Centre, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, UK
| | - Miles D. Witham
- AGE Research Group, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Jacqui Morris
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Kim C, Yun H, Kang HS, Jung J, Schlenk EA. Predicting physical activity and sarcopenia-related health outcomes in women with rheumatoid arthritis: A test of the self-determination theory. Nurs Open 2023; 10:6369-6380. [PMID: 37312650 PMCID: PMC10416004 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to examine a hypothetical model of physical activity (PA) and health outcomes related to sarcopenia in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on self-determination theory. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS This study included 214 women diagnosed with RA from the outpatient rheumatology department of a university-affiliated hospital in South Korea. Data were collected from September 2019 to August 2020 through structured questionnaires and anthropometric measurements and analysed using path analysis to test the hypothesized model. The primary health outcomes were perceived health status and sarcopenia-related health (thigh circumference, handgrip strength and sarcopenia risk). RESULTS The final model's fit indices were adequate. Physical activity was directly affected by motivation for PA, while depression, self-efficacy for PA, health care provider's autonomy support and basic psychological needs satisfaction indirectly affected PA. Physical activity directly affected perceived health status and thigh circumference, while perceived sarcopenia risk and handgrip strength were directly affected by disease activity and age. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Patients were involved in a questionnaire-based survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Ja Kim
- College of Nursing and Research Institute of Nursing ScienceAjou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea
| | - Hye‐Won Yun
- Department of NursingCatholic Sangji CollegeAndongSouth Korea
| | - Hee Sun Kang
- Red Cross College of NursingChung‐Ang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ju‐Yang Jung
- Department of RheumatologyAjou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea
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Okamura E, Ikeda K, Mano-Usui F, Kawashima S, Kondo A, Inagaki N. Augmentation of Growth Hormone by Chewing in Females. Nutrients 2023; 15:3628. [PMID: 37630818 PMCID: PMC10458618 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and strength. Age-related decline in the secretion of growth hormone (GH), a condition called somatopause, is thought to play a role in sarcopenia. As pharmacological GH has adverse effects, we attempted to increase physiological GH. While the relationship between chewing and ghrelin levels has been studied, there are no reports on the relationship between chewing and GH. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of chewing on the muscle anabolic hormones serum GH and plasma ghrelin. Thirteen healthy adults ingested a chewy nutrition bar containing 5.56 g of protein, 12.71 g of carbohydrate, and 0.09 g of fat on two different days, chewing before swallowing in one trial and swallowing without chewing in the other. Blood samples were taken before and after ingestion (0, 15, 30, and 60 min); GH, acylated ghrelin, glucose, insulin, amino acids, and lactate were measured. Two-way repeated ANOVA revealed a significant difference in the GH concentrations between the "Chew trial" and "Swallow trial" in females (p = 0.0054). However, post-hoc analyses found no statistically significant difference at each time point. The area under the curve of the percentage increase in GH was significantly increased in the "Chew trial" compared with the "Swallow trial" in females (12,203 ± 15,402% min vs. 3735 ± 988% min, p = 0.0488). Chewing had no effect on glucose, insulin, amino acids, or lactate concentrations. Thus, we found that chewing a protein supplement rather than swallowing it without chewing elevates the blood GH concentration. These results serve as a rationale for larger research and longitudinal studies to confirm the impacts of chewing on GH secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Okamura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (E.O.)
| | - Kaori Ikeda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (E.O.)
- Department of Clinical Research Facilitation, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fumika Mano-Usui
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (E.O.)
| | - Sachiko Kawashima
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (E.O.)
- Preemptive Medicine and Lifestyle Related Disease Research Center, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Aki Kondo
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (E.O.)
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (E.O.)
- Medical Research Institute KITANO HOSPITAL, P.I.I.F. Tazuke-Kofukai, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
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Morikawa M, Lee S, Makino K, Harada K, Katayama O, Tomida K, Yamaguchi R, Nishijima C, Fujii K, Misu Y, Mitsuhiro K, Shimada H. Sarcopenic Obesity and Risk of Disability in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:1179-1184.e1. [PMID: 37062369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have indicated that sarcopenic obesity is a risk factor for disability onset. However, these studies had disparities in terms of criteria for sarcopenia, study design, or study population. No longitudinal study has investigated the effect of sarcopenic obesity on disability onset in an Asian population using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria for sarcopenia definition. Herein, we aimed to investigate the longitudinal effect of sarcopenic obesity on disability onset in Japanese older adults and extend the generalizability of results to other populations. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 4197 Japanese older adults (mean age 74.6 ± 5.0 years, 54.2% women) formed our study population. MEASUREMENTS Sarcopenia was identified using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 algorithm. Obesity was determined when body fat percentage was ≥25%, or when visceral fat content was ≥100 cm2 for either sex. Disability onset was defined as a new case of long-term care insurance system certification for 5 years from baseline. Missing values were managed with multi-imputation. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used with disability onset as dependent variable and group (nonsarcopenia/nonobesity as a reference, nonsarcopenia/obesity, sarcopenia/non-obesity, possible sarcopenia/obesity, possible sarcopenia/non-obesity, sarcopenic obesity) as explanatory variable, and was adjusted for potential confounding factors. RESULTS When the nonsarcopenia/nonobesity group was used as the reference category, other groups such as possible-sarcopenia/nonobesity [hazard ratio (HR) 1.38, 95% confidential interval (95% CI) 1.29‒1.47, P < .028], possible-sarcopenia/obesity (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.46‒1.62 P < .001), sarcopenia/nonobesity (HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.96‒2.23, P < .001), and sarcopenic obesity (HR 2.48, 95% CI 2.24‒2.75, P < .001) showed significantly increased HRs. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The risk of disability onset because of sarcopenic obesity was exceedingly higher compared with sarcopenia alone among community-dwelling older adults in Japan The health providers should consider assessing the co-existence of sarcopenia and obesity to screen for the risk of disability onset in the community-dwelling population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Morikawa
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keitaro Makino
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Harada
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Osamu Katayama
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouki Tomida
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamaguchi
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nishijima
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fujii
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuka Misu
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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Arnold WD, Clark BC. Neuromuscular junction transmission failure in aging and sarcopenia: The nexus of the neurological and muscular systems. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101966. [PMID: 37270145 PMCID: PMC10847753 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, or age-related decline in muscle form and function, exerts high personal, societal, and economic burdens when untreated. Integrity and function of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), as the nexus between the nervous and muscular systems, is critical for input and dependable neural control of muscle force generation. As such, the NMJ has long been a site of keen interest in the context of skeletal muscle function deficits during aging and in the context of sarcopenia. Historically, changes of NMJ morphology during aging have been investigated extensively but primarily in aged rodent models. Aged rodents have consistently shown features of NMJ endplate fragmentation and denervation. Yet, the presence of NMJ changes in older humans remains controversial, and conflicting findings have been reported. This review article describes the physiological processes involved in NMJ transmission, discusses the evidence that supports NMJ transmission failure as a possible contributor to sarcopenia, and speculates on the potential of targeting these defects for therapeutic development. The technical approaches that are available for assessment of NMJ transmission, whether each approach has been applied in the context of aging and sarcopenia, and the associated findings are summarized. Like morphological studies, age-related NMJ transmission deficits have primarily been studied in rodents. In preclinical studies, isolated synaptic electrophysiology recordings of endplate currents or potentials have been mostly used, and paradoxically, have shown enhancement, rather than failure, with aging. Yet, in vivo assessment of single muscle fiber action potential generation using single fiber electromyography and nerve-stimulated muscle force measurements show evidence of NMJ failure in aged mice and rats. Together these findings suggest that endplate response enhancement may be a compensatory response to post-synaptic mechanisms of NMJ transmission failure in aged rodents. Possible, but underexplored, mechanisms of this failure are discussed including the simplification of post-synaptic folding and altered voltage-gated sodium channel clustering or function. In humans, there is limited clinical data that has selectively investigated single synaptic function in the context of aging. If sarcopenic older adults turn out to exhibit notable impairments in NMJ transmission (this has yet to be examined but based on available evidence appears to be plausible) then these NMJ transmission defects present a well-defined biological mechanism and offer a well-defined pathway for clinical implementation. Investigation of small molecules that are currently available clinically or being testing clinically in other disorders may provide a rapid route for development of interventions for older adults impacted by sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W David Arnold
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri System, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Brian C Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI) Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
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Meredith SJ, Cox NJ, Ibrahim K, Higson J, McNiff J, Mitchell S, Rutherford M, Wijayendran A, Shenkin SD, Kilgour AHM, Lim SER. Factors that influence older adults' participation in physical activity: a systematic review of qualitative studies. Age Ageing 2023; 52:afad145. [PMID: 37595070 PMCID: PMC10438214 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the advantages of physical activity (PA), older adults are often insufficiently active to maximise health. Understanding factors that influence PA engagement will support well-designed interventions for older people. Our aim was to review the qualitative evidence exploring the factors affecting older adults' engagement in PA. METHODS We searched six electronic databases for studies of community-dwelling older adults (≥70 years) including qualitative methods. We excluded studies of a single-disease group, individuals with cognitive impairment and care home residents. Methodological rigour was assessed with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, and framework synthesis was applied using the Capability Opportunity Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model, which hypothesises that behaviour is influenced by three factors: capability, opportunity and motivation. RESULTS Twenty-five studies were included in the review (N = 4,978; mean 79 years) and 32 themes were identified. Older adults' capability was influenced by functional capacity (e.g. strength) and perceived risk of injury from PA (e.g. falls). Opportunity was impacted by the environment 'fit' (e.g. neighbourhood safety), the availability of social interaction and socio-cultural ageing stereotypes. PA was motivated by identifying as an 'exerciser', health gains and experiencing positive emotions (e.g. enjoyment), whereas negative sensations (e.g. pain) reduced motivation. CONCLUSIONS The qualitative synthesis showcased a complex web of interacting factors influencing PA between the sub-domains of COM-B, pinpointing directions for intervention, including a focus on whole systems approaches. There was a lack of research exploring PA influences in the oldest old and in low-income countries. Future research should seek to involve under-served groups, including a wider diversity of older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Meredith
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Southampton, UK
- NIHR ARC Wessex, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Natalie J Cox
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Kinda Ibrahim
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Southampton, UK
- NIHR ARC Wessex, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan D Shenkin
- NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
- The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alixe H M Kilgour
- NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
- The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen E R Lim
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Southampton, UK
- NIHR ARC Wessex, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS FT, Southampton, UK
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61
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Ma Y, Li X. Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, and Sarcopenia in Older Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3417. [PMID: 37571354 PMCID: PMC10420903 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior, fruit and vegetable intake, and the risk of sarcopenia among older Chinese adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 5418 older Chinese adults who participated in the Study on Global Aging and Adult Health (SAGE). Participants reported information about their physical activity, sedentary behavior, and dietary habits (fruit and vegetable intake). Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low skeletal muscle mass and either a slow gait speed or weak handgrip strength. A multiple logistic regression model was employed to determine the relationship between MVPA, sedentary behavior, fruit and vegetable intake, and the risk of sarcopenia. RESULTS Only 32.63% of participants met all three recommendations (for MVPA, sedentary behavior, and fruit and vegetable intake). Compared with meeting none of the recommendations, meeting all three recommendations was associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.41-0.98). Moreover, meeting the recommendation for sufficient fruit and vegetable intake (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.58-0.83), MVPA and fruit/vegetable intake (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.52-0.86), and sedentary behavior and fruit/vegetable intake (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.48-0.98) was associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that in this large representative sample of older Chinese adults, meeting lifestyle recommendations for MVPA, sedentary behavior, and fruit and vegetable intake protected against sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- Physical Education Unit, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China;
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Chinese Traditional Regimen Exercise Intervention Research Center, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Yongzhi Ma
- Martial Arts Culture Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Xinxing Li
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Y, Zhu Y. Development and validation of risk prediction model for sarcopenia in patients with colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1172096. [PMID: 37576879 PMCID: PMC10416104 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1172096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Sarcopenia is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. However, the clinical factors that lead to colorectal cancer patients with sarcopenia are still unclear. The objective of this study is to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the occurrence of sarcopenia and to provide healthcare professionals with a reliable tool for early identification of high-risk patients with colorectal cancer associated sarcopenia. Methods A total of 359 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer from July 2021 to May 2022 were included. All patients were randomly divided into a training (n = 287) cohort and a validation cohort (n = 72) at the ratio of 80/20. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were performed to evaluate the factors associated with sarcopenia. The diagnostic nomogram of sarcopenia in patients with colorectal cancer was constructed in the training cohort and validated in the validation cohort. Various evaluation metrics were employed to assess the performance of the developed nomogram, including the ROC curve, calibration curve, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results Smoking history, drinking history, diabetes, TNM stage, nutritional status, and physical activity were included in the nomogram for the prediction of sarcopenia. The diagnostic nomograms demonstrated excellent discrimination, with AUC values of 0.971 and 0.922 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Moreover, the calibration performance of the nomogram is also excellent, as evidenced by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test result of 0.886. Conclusions The nomogram consisting of preoperative factors was able to successfully predict the occurrence of sarcopenia in colorectal cancer patients, aiding in the early identification of high-risk patients and facilitating timely implementation of appropriate intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- College of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- College of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Nursing Department, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
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63
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Witham MD, Granic A, Pearson E, Robinson SM, Sayer AA. Repurposing Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus as Potential Pharmacological Treatments for Sarcopenia - A Narrative Review. Drugs Aging 2023:10.1007/s40266-023-01042-4. [PMID: 37486575 PMCID: PMC10371965 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-023-01042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle strength and mass or quality, is a common condition with major adverse consequences. Although the pathophysiology is incompletely understood, there are common mechanisms between sarcopenia and the phenomenon of accelerated ageing seen in diabetes mellitus. Drugs currently used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus may have mechanisms of action that are relevant to the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, for those with type 2 diabetes and those without diabetes. This review summarises shared pathophysiology between sarcopenia and diabetes mellitus, including the effects of advanced glycation end products, mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic inflammation and changes to the insulin signalling pathway. Cellular and animal models have generated intriguing, albeit mixed, evidence that supports possible beneficial effects on skeletal muscle function for some classes of drugs used to treat diabetes, including metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors. Most human observational and intervention evidence for the effects of these drugs has been derived from populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and there is a need for intervention studies for older people with, and at risk of, sarcopenia to further investigate the balance of benefit and risk in these target populations. Not all diabetes treatments will be safe to use in those without diabetes because of variable side effects across classes. However, some agents [including glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors] have already demonstrated benefits in populations without diabetes, and it is these agents, along with metformin, that hold out the most promise for further investigation in sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Witham
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ewan Pearson
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Dundee Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Sian M Robinson
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Massimino E, Izzo A, Castaldo C, Ferretti E, Rivellese AA, Della Pepa G. Risk of Sarcopenia and Associated Factors in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2081. [PMID: 37510524 PMCID: PMC10380017 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the risk of sarcopenia and associated factors in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is lacking. We evaluate (1) the proportion of patients at risk of sarcopenia in older adults with T2D; and (2) the factors associated with the risk of sarcopenia. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on T2D patients over 65 years referred to our outpatient clinic and who carried out the yearly complication assessment visit. Eligible patients were administered questionnaires during phone interviews for the risk evaluation of sarcopenia (SARC-F), the risk evaluation of malnutrition (Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA®-SF)), the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MEDI-quest), and the evaluation of physical activity (the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form). RESULTS A total of 138 patients were included in the study, and 12 patients (8.7% (95% CI 4.6-14.7)) were at risk of sarcopenia. The mean SARC-F score was significantly higher in women compared with men (2.1 ± 1.8 vs. 0.9 ± 1.4, respectively; p < 0.001). The majority of patients identified at risk of sarcopenia compared with those not at risk were women (75% vs. 30%, respectively; p = 0.003), had a higher proportion of neuropathy (50% vs. 19%, respectively; p = 0.027), a lower mean MNA®-SF score (11.6 ± 1.5 vs. 13.0 ± 1.4, respectively; p = 0.001), a lower mean MEDI-quest score (5.2 ± 1.5 vs. 5.9 ± 1, respectively; p = 0.037), and were more inactive (92% vs. 61%, respectively; p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS In a sample of older adults with T2D, the risk of sarcopenia was identified in 8.7% (95% CI: 4.6-14.7) of the sample, and the main factors associated were female gender, neuropathy, a lower MNA®-SF score, low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and low physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Massimino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Izzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Castaldo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Ferretti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Albarosa Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Lee SH, Choi H, Kim KY, Lee HS, Jung JM. Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Associated with Sarcopenia as a Predictor of Poor Functional Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:1009-1020. [PMID: 37427011 PMCID: PMC10329446 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s402548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several studies have examined the clinical impact of poststroke and stroke-related sarcopenia on stroke recovery. However, few studies have investigated the effect of sarcopenia detected shortly after stroke on functional prognosis. We predicted functional outcomes using early screening for sarcopenia in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We also examined the effect of sarcopenia detected shortly after stroke on functional prognosis. Patients and Methods Patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke within 2 days of symptom onset were consecutively enrolled at a tertiary university hospital. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry during early hospitalization. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on low ASM and strength criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) and European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2). The primary outcome was poor functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin score of 4-6 and all-cause mortality at 3 months. Results Of the 653 patients, 214 (32.8%) and 174 (26.6%) had sarcopenia according to the AWGS and EWGSOP2 criteria, respectively. Irrespective of the definition, the sarcopenia group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with poor functional outcomes and all-cause mortality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that height-adjusted ASM was independently associated with poor functional outcomes (odds ratio: 0.61; 95% confidence interval: 0.40-0.91; P <0.005), and they were negatively correlated. However, the association between 3-month mortality, skeletal muscle mass, and sarcopenia was not sustained in multivariate analyses. Conclusion Height-adjusted ASM associated with sarcopenia is a potential predictor of poor functional outcomes at 3 months in patients with acute stroke. However, owing to the limitations of this study, further research is required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Hangseok Choi
- Medical Science Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keon-Yeup Kim
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Soo Lee
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Man Jung
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
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Minetama M, Kawakami M, Teraguchi M, Enyo Y, Nakagawa M, Yamamoto Y, Sakon N, Matsuo S, Nakatani T, Nakagawa R, Nagata W, Nakagawa Y. Branched-chain amino acids plus vitamin D supplementation promote increased muscle strength following lumbar surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized trial. Spine J 2023; 23:962-972. [PMID: 36940921 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Adequate nutrition is essential to address the surgical stress response and mitigate loss of muscle mass, strength, and functionality in older adults with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). However, it is unknown whether amino acids and/or vitamin D are beneficial in older adults following lumbar surgery for LSS. PURPOSE To evaluate whether branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) plus vitamin D supplementation could attenuate the loss of muscle mass and strength, accelerate the return of functional mobility, and improve clinical outcomes following lumbar surgery for LSS. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING A single-center, single-blind randomized controlled trial. PATIENT SAMPLE Eighty patients who received lumbar surgery for LSS. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the Zurich claudication questionnaire (ZCQ), and secondary outcomes included knee muscle strength, muscle mass measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, gait speed and a timed up-and-go test (TUG) at 12 weeks postoperatively. Follow-up assessment was performed for the ZCQ at 52 weeks postoperatively. METHODS Patients ingested the supplementation (BCAA group: BCAA plus vitamin D, Nonamino acid group: nonamino acid) twice daily for 3 weeks from the day after surgery, and received two hours of postoperative inpatient rehabilitation 5 times a week. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in the mean changes on the ZCQ between the two groups at 12 weeks and 52 weeks. At 2 weeks postoperatively, the nonamino acid group showed significant deterioration compared with the BCAA group for strengths of knee extensor and knee flexor (p < .01). At 12 weeks, the BCAA group showed significant improvements in knee extensor strength and knee flexor strength compared with the nonamino acid group (p <.01). There were no significant differences in mean changes of muscle mass, maximum gait speed, and TUG at 12 weeks between two groups. CONCLUSIONS BCAA plus vitamin D supplementation did not improve LSS-related clinical outcomes after lumbar surgery for LSS, even though muscle strength increased. Future studies should focus on long-term outcomes for muscle mass and physical function, including development of sarcopenia and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Minetama
- Spine Care Center, Wakayama Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Mamoru Kawakami
- Spine Care Center, Wakayama Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saiseikai Wakayama Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Teraguchi
- Spine Care Center, Wakayama Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Enyo
- Spine Care Center, Wakayama Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakagawa
- Spine Care Center, Wakayama Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamamoto
- Spine Care Center, Wakayama Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Nana Sakon
- Spine Care Center, Wakayama Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Sachika Matsuo
- Spine Care Center, Wakayama Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakatani
- Spine Care Center, Wakayama Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ryota Nakagawa
- Spine Care Center, Wakayama Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Wakana Nagata
- Spine Care Center, Wakayama Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Nakagawa
- Spine Care Center, Wakayama Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
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Chen M, Cao Y, Ji G, Zhang L. Lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and sarcopenia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1217249. [PMID: 37424859 PMCID: PMC10327437 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1217249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world. The risk factor for NAFLD is often considered to be obesity, but it can also occur in people with lean type, which is defined as lean NAFLD. Lean NAFLD is commonly associated with sarcopenia, a progressive loss of muscle quantity and quality. The pathological features of lean NAFLD such as visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic inflammation are inducers of sarcopenia, whereas loss of muscle mass and function further exacerbates ectopic fat accumulation and lean NAFLD. Therefore, we discussed the association of sarcopenia and lean NAFLD, summarized the underlying pathological mechanisms, and proposed potential strategies to reduce the risks of lean NAFLD and sarcopenia in this review.
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Smith L, López Sánchez G, Veronese N, Soysal P, Kostev K, Jacob L, Rahmati M, Kujawska A, Tully M, Butler L, Il Shin J, Koyanagi A. Association Between Pain and Sarcopenia Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years from Low- and Middle-Income Countries. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1020-1027. [PMID: 36610801 PMCID: PMC10465093 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain may increase the risk for sarcopenia, but existing literature is only from high-income countries, while the mediators of this association are largely unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between pain and sarcopenia using nationally representative samples of older adults from 6 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and to identify potential mediators. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined as having low skeletal muscle mass and weak handgrip strength, while the presence and severity of pain in the last 30 days were self-reported. Multivariable logistic regression and mediation analyses were performed. The control variables included age, sex, education, wealth, and chronic conditions, while affect, sleep/energy, disability, social participation, sedentary behavior, and mobility were considered potential mediators. RESULTS Data on 14,585 adults aged ≥65 years were analyzed (mean [SD] age 72.6 [11.5] years; 55.0% females). Compared to no pain, mild, moderate, severe, and extreme pain were associated with 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05-1.94), 1.43 (95%CI = 1.02-2.00), 1.92 (95%CI = 1.09-3.37), and 2.88 (95%CI = 1.10-7.54) times higher odds for sarcopenia, respectively. Disability (mediated percentage 18.0%), sedentary behavior (12.9%), and low mobility (56.1%) were significant mediators in the association between increasing levels of pain and sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of pain were associated with higher odds for sarcopenia among adults aged ≥65 years in 6 LMICs. Disability, sedentary behavior, and mobility problems were identified as potential mediators. Targeting these factors in people with pain may decrease the future risk of sarcopenia onset, pending future longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Smith
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guillermo F López Sánchez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pinar Soysal
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Agnieszka Kujawska
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Medicine. Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Laurie Butler
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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Teraž K, Marusic U, Kalc M, Šimunič B, Pori P, Grassi B, Lazzer S, Narici MV, Blenkuš MG, di Prampero PE, Reggiani C, Passaro A, Biolo G, Gasparini M, Pišot R. Sarcopenia parameters in active older adults - an eight-year longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:917. [PMID: 37208654 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD Sarcopenia is a common skeletal muscle syndrome that is common in older adults but can be mitigated by adequate and regular physical activity. The development and severity of sarcopenia is favored by several factors, the most influential of which are a sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity. The aim of this observational longitudinal cohort study was to evaluate changes in sarcopenia parameters, based on the EWGSOP2 definition in a population of active older adults after eight years. It was hypothesized that selected active older adults would perform better on sarcopenia tests than the average population. METHODS The 52 active older adults (22 men and 30 women, mean age: 68.4 ± 5.6 years at the time of their first evaluation) participated in the study at two time points eight-years apart. Three sarcopenia parameters were assessed at both time points: Muscle strength (handgrip test), skeletal muscle mass index, and physical performance (gait speed), these parameters were used to diagnose sarcop0enia according to the EWGSOP2 definition. Additional motor tests were also performed at follow-up measurements to assess participants' overall fitness. Participants self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior using General Physical Activity Questionnaire at baseline and at follow-up measurements. RESULTS In the first measurements we did not detect signs of sarcopenia in any individual, but after 8 years, we detected signs of sarcopenia in 7 participants. After eight years, we detected decline in ; muscle strength (-10.2%; p < .001), muscle mass index (-5.4%; p < .001), and physical performance measured with gait speed (-28.6%; p < .001). Similarly, self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior declined, too (-25.0%; p = .030 and - 48.5%; p < .001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Despite expected lower scores on tests of sarcopenia parameters due to age-related decline, participants performed better on motor tests than reported in similar studies. Nevertheless, the prevalence of sarcopenia was consistent with most of the published literature. TRIAL REGISTRATION The clinical trial protocol was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04899531.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Teraž
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Uros Marusic
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia
- Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea - ECM, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Miloš Kalc
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pori
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bruno Grassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | | | - Pietro Enrico di Prampero
- Emeritus Professor of Physiology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Sport Science, Exelio SRL, Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mladen Gasparini
- Department of General Surgery, Izola General Hospital, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pišot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Koper, Slovenia
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Kwan RYC, Liu JYW, Lee PH, Sin OSK, Wong JSW, Fu MR, Suen LKP. The effects of an e-health brisk walking intervention in increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in physically inactive older people with cognitive frailty: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:339. [PMID: 37198670 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive frailty is a risk for many adverse health outcomes that are commonly observed in older people. Physical activity is known to be effective to reserve cognitive frailty but the prevalence of physical inactivity is still high in older people. E-health enhances behavioural change effects through an innovative way to deliver behavioural change methods that can enhance the behavioural change effects. However, its effects on older people with cognitive frailty, its effects compared with conventional behavioural change methods, and the sustainability of the effects are unclear. METHODS This study employs a single-blinded, two-parallel-group, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial design with a 1:1 group allocation ratio. Eligible participants are aged 60 years or above, have cognitive frailty and physical inactivity, and possess a smartphone for more than six months. The study will be conducted in community settings. In the intervention group, participants will receive a 2-week brisk-walking training followed by a 12-week e-health intervention. In the control group, participants will receive a 2-week brisk-walking training followed by a 12-week conventional behavioural change intervention. The primary outcome is minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). This study aims to recruit a total of 184 participants. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) will be used to examine the effects of the intervention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT05758740) on 7th March 2023, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05758740 , and all items come from the World Health Organization Trial Registration Data Set. It has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Tung Wah College, Hong Kong (reference number: REC2022136). The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences relevant to the subject fields. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT05758740) and all items come from the World Health Organization Trial Registration Data Set. The latest version of the protocol was published online on 7th March 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justina Yat Wa Liu
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul Hong Lee
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Mei Rosemary Fu
- School of Nursing, George Washington University, Washington, USA
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Iwasaka C, Yamada Y, Nishida Y, Hara M, Yasukata J, Miyoshi N, Shimanoe C, Nanri H, Furukawa T, Koga K, Horita M, Higaki Y, Tanaka K. Association of appendicular extracellular-to-intracellular water ratio with age, muscle strength, and physical activity in 8,018 community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 108:104931. [PMID: 36701946 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.104931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The appendicular extracellular-to-intracellular water ratio (Ap ECW/ICW) has recently gained attention as a non-invasive measurable marker of muscle quality. However, there is a lack of basic evidence regarding age-related changes, sex differences, contribution to muscle strength independent of skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and potential improvement through physical activity (PA) in Ap ECW/ICW. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 8,018 middle-aged and older Japanese individuals (aged 45-75 years). The Ap ECW/ICW and SMM were measured using segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. Muscle strength was evaluated by measuring the handgrip strength (HGS) with a dynamometer, and the PA level (PAL) was measured with an accelerometer. We performed a linear regression analysis of the associations of the Ap ECW/ICW with age, HGS, and PAL. RESULTS The Ap ECW/ICW increased by 0.019 for men and 0.014 for women per 5-year increase in age (p < 0.001), and the age-related increase was greater in men than in women (p for interaction <0.001). The Ap ECW/ICW was more strongly associated with the HGS than with the SMM in both men and women (p < 0.001). PAL showed a significant inverse association with the Ap ECW/ICW in both men and women (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Ap ECW/ICW is higher with age, and it varies by sex. The Ap ECW/ICW may reflect muscle strength more than the SMM, suggesting that the Ap ECW/ICW may be improved by PA. The findings from this study may provide a framework for further Ap ECW/ICW research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Iwasaka
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Jun Yasukata
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of East Asia, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Miyoshi
- Department of Childhood Care Education, Seika Women's Junior College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hinako Nanri
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Gut Microbiome for Health, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuma Furukawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kayoko Koga
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Mikako Horita
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Kawai T, Asai K, Miyamoto A, Yamada K, Furukawa Y, Toyokura E, Nishimura M, Sato K, Watanabe T, Kawaguchi T. Distinct contributions of muscle mass and strength stratified by nutritional status to physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Investig 2023; 61:389-397. [PMID: 37088061 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is one of the most important prognostic factors for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Physical activity correlates significantly with skeletal muscle mass and strength. Pulmonary rehabilitation has been conducted to improve physical activity, but its effectiveness has been inconsistent. Nutritional status is also related to physical activity in patients with COPD. The relationships between skeletal muscle mass, strength, and nutritional status evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) were investigated. How nutritional status alters the relationships between physical activity, exercise capacity, skeletal muscle mass, and strength was also investigated. METHODS This retrospective, cross-sectional study enrolled 81 outpatients with COPD. In all patients, physical activity, exercise capacity, body composition assessment, and MNA-SF were assessed. The relationships between physical activity, exercise capacity, skeletal muscle mass, and strength were examined according to the MNA-SF. RESULTS The MNA-SF high group had significantly higher skeletal muscle mass than the MNA-SF low group when skeletal muscle strength was the covariate. In the MNA-SF low group, physical activity positively correlated with skeletal muscle mass. In the MNA-SF high group, physical activity positively correlated with skeletal muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the nutritional status of patients with COPD alters the relationship between physical activity and skeletal muscle mass or strength. Optimizing rehabilitation with nutrition interventions according to nutritional status might improve physical activity in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kawai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Asai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Miyamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Furukawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Erika Toyokura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Misako Nishimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanako Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kawaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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73
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Honma K, Honda Y, Nagase M, Nakao Y, Harada T, Sasanuma N, Uchiyama Y, Kodama N, Domen K. Impact of skeletal muscle mass on functional prognosis in acute stroke: A cohort study. J Clin Neurosci 2023; 112:43-47. [PMID: 37062242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Changes in skeletal muscle mass affect physical performance in chronic stroke survivors. The skeletal muscle mass index is thus an important assessment factor in stroke; however, its value in the acute phase is unclear. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between skeletal muscle mass and acute stroke outcome. DESIGN This was a single-center cohort study design. PARTICIPANTS A total of 189 consecutively hospitalized patients with acute stroke were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome of the study was a good modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at hospital discharge. We divided the participants into good (mRS score 0-2) and poor (mRS score 3-6) function groups. Logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with functional prognosis. RESULTS Atrial fibrillation (odds ratio [OR], 14.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.45-91.39; P = 0.003), pre-mRS (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.05-4.68; P = 0.036), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 01.12-1.56; P = 0.001), skeletal muscle mass index (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.11-0.87; P = 0.027), and Lower Extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56-0.82; P = 0.000) were all independently associated with the functional prognosis of the patients included in the study. CONCLUSION This study confirmed that skeletal muscle mass is a strong prognostic factor in acute stroke. Thus, prestroke skeletal muscle mass, along with stroke severity and lower limb paralysis, needs to be assessed to more accurately determine the prognosis of patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Honma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hyogo Medical University Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Honda
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hyogo Medical University Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagase
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hyogo Medical University Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakao
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Harada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hyogo Medical University Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naoki Sasanuma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hyogo Medical University Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuki Uchiyama
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Kodama
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Domen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
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Schmeusser BN, Ali AA, Fintelmann FJ, Garcia JM, Williams GR, Master VA, Psutka SP. Imaging Techniques to Determine Degree of Sarcopenia and Systemic Inflammation in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Curr Urol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11934-023-01157-6. [PMID: 37036632 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-023-01157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date understanding regarding the literature on sarcopenia and inflammation as prognostic factors in the context of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RECENT FINDINGS Sarcopenia is increasingly recognized as a prognostic factor in RCC. Emerging literature suggests monitoring quantity of muscle on successive imaging and examining muscle density may be additionally informative. Inflammation has prognostic ability in RCC and is also considered a key contributor to development and progression of both RCC and sarcopenia. Recent studies suggest these two prognostic factors together may provide additional prognostic ability when used in combination. Ongoing developments include quality control regarding sarcopenia research and imaging, improving understanding of muscle loss mechanisms, and enhancing clinical incorporation of sarcopenia via improving imaging analysis practicality (i.e., artificial intelligence) and feasible biomarkers. Sarcopenia and systemic inflammation are complementary prognostic factors for adverse outcomes in patients with RCC. Further study on high-quality sarcopenia assessment standardization and expedited sarcopenia assessment is desired for eventual routine clinical incorporation of these prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Schmeusser
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Building B, Suite 1400, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Adil A Ali
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Building B, Suite 1400, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Jose M Garcia
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Grant R Williams
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Viraj A Master
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Building B, Suite 1400, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Sarah P Psutka
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Stree, Box 356510, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Ventura J, Downer B, Li CY, Snih SA. Nativity differences in the relationship between handgrip strength and cognitive impairment in older Mexican Americans over 20 years of follow-up. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 107:104903. [PMID: 36584560 PMCID: PMC9974812 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine nativity differences in the relationship between handgrip strength (HGS) and cognitive impairment among Mexican Americans aged ≥ 65 years with normal or high cognitive function at baseline over a 20-year period. METHODS Prospective cohort study of 2,155 non-institutionalized Mexican Americans aged ≥ 65 years from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly) who scored ≥ 21 in the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) at baseline. Measures included socio-demographics, body mass index, medical conditions, depressive symptoms, physical function, disability, HGS quartiles (sex-adjusted), and MMSE. We used generalized estimating equation models to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) of cognitive impairment (MMSE < 21) as a function of HGS quartile by nativity and adjusted for covariates. RESULTS US-born and foreign-born participants in the 4th quartile (highest) of HGS at baseline had lower odds of cognitive impairment over time compared with those in the 1st (lowest) HGS quartile (OR=0.95, 95% CI=0.90-0.99 and OR=0.93, 95% CI=0.89-0.98, respectively), after controlling for all covariates. When we analyzed HGS quartiles as time-varying, we found that US-born participants in the 3rd and 4th HGS quartile had 25% and 30% lower odds of cognitive impairment, respectively, while foreign-born participants in the 3rd and 4th HGS quartile had 27% and 49% lower odds of cognitive impairment over time, respectively, after controlling for all covariates. CONCLUSION Foreign-born older Mexican Americans who performed high in HGS experienced 7% lower odds of cognitive impairment over time compared with US-born older Mexican Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ventura
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Downer
- Department of Population Health and Health Disparities/School of Public and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Chih-Ying Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy/School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Soham Al Snih
- Department of Population Health and Health Disparities/School of Public and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Division of Geriatrics & Palliative Medicine/Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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76
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A cross-talk between sestrins, chronic inflammation and cellular senescence governs the development of age-associated sarcopenia and obesity. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101852. [PMID: 36642190 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in both the lifespan and proportion of older adults is accompanied by the unprecedented rise in age-associated chronic diseases, including sarcopenia and obesity. Aging is also manifested by increased susceptibility to multiple endogenous and exogenous stresses enabling such chronic conditions to develop. Among the main physiological regulators of cellular adaption to various stress stimuli, such as DNA damage, hypoxia, and oxidative stress, are sestrins (Sesns), a family of three evolutionarily conserved proteins, Sesn1, 2, and 3. Age-associated sarcopenia and obesity are characterized by two key processes: (i) accumulation of senescent cells in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and (ii) creation of a systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation (SCLGI). Presumably, failed SCLGI resolution governs the development of these chronic conditions. Noteworthy, Sesns activate senolytics, which are agents that selectively eliminate senescent cells, as well as specialized pro-resolving mediators, which are factors that physiologically provide inflammation resolution. Sesns reveal clear beneficial effects in pre-clinical models of sarcopenia and obesity. Based on these observations, we propose a novel treatment strategy for age-associated sarcopenia and obesity, complementary to the conventional therapeutic modalities: Sesn activation, SCLGI resolution, and senescent cell elimination.
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77
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Impact of different nutritional approaches on sarcopenia: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2023; 12:37. [PMID: 36907897 PMCID: PMC10010044 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that proper nutrition is effective in managing sarcopenia, the most powerful nutrients have not yet been determined. This study is designed to investigate the effects of various nutritional approaches on muscle mass, muscle strength, and sarcopenia prevention in systematic reviews. In study design, network and pairwise meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials were considered. Clinical studies regarding the nutritional effects associated with the physiological activity of skeletal muscle and management of sarcopenia will be covered. The main outcomes will cover the following five elements: anti-fatigue impact with skeletal muscle, muscle atrophy prevention, differentiation level with skeletal muscular cell, anti-inflammatory effect, and muscle injury prevention. Authors will conduct the study selection, extracting data process, and methodological quality investigation.Systematic review registrationOSF registry (ethical approval number: https://osf.io/ye4q7 ).
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78
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Yuan S, Larsson SC. Epidemiology of sarcopenia: Prevalence, risk factors, and consequences. Metabolism 2023:155533. [PMID: 36907247 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a geriatric condition featured by a progressive loss of muscle mass and function and associated with various adverse health outcomes. In this review, we aimed to summarize the epidemiological features of sarcopenia as well as consequences and risk factors of the disease. We performed a systematic review of meta-analysis on sarcopenia to collect data. The prevalence of sarcopenia varied between studies and depending on definition used. Sarcopenia was estimated to influence 10 %-16 % of the elderly worldwide. The prevalence of sarcopenia was higher among patients compared to general populations. The prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 18 % in diabetic patients to 66 % in patients with unresectable esophageal cancer. Sarcopenia is associated with a high risk of a wide range of adverse health outcomes, including poor overall and disease-progression free survival rate, postoperative complications, and longer hospitalization in patients with different medical situations as well as falls and fracture, metabolic disorders, cognitive impairment, and mortality in general populations. Physical inactivity, malnutrition, smoking, extreme sleep duration, and diabetes were associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia. However, these associations were mainly based on non-cohort observational studies and need confirmation. High-quality cohort, omics, and Mendelian randomization studies are needed to deeply understand the etiological basis of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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79
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Iwasaka C, Yamada Y, Nishida Y, Hara M, Yasukata J, Miyoshi N, Shimanoe C, Nanri H, Furukawa T, Koga K, Horita M, Higaki Y, Tanaka K. Dose-response relationship between daily step count and prevalence of sarcopenia: A cross-sectional study. Exp Gerontol 2023; 175:112135. [PMID: 36868435 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Daily step counts are an easy-to-understand indicator of physical activity; however, there is limited evidence regarding the optimal daily step count to prevent sarcopenia. This study examined the dose-response relationship between daily step count and the prevalence of sarcopenia and explored the optimal dose. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The study included 7949 community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults (aged 45-74 years) from Japan. MEASUREMENTS Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was assessed using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy, and muscle strength was quantified through handgrip strength (HGS) measurement. Participants who exhibited both low HGS (men: <28 kg, women: <18 kg) and low SMM (lowest quartile in each sex-specific category) were defined as having sarcopenia. Daily step counts were measured for 10 days using a waist-mounted accelerometer. To examine the association between daily step count and sarcopenia, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed, adjusting for potential confounding factors such as age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, protein intake, and medical history. The odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated based on the daily step counts categorized into quartiles (Q1-Q4). Finally, a restricted cubic spline curve was fitted to further investigate the dose-response relationship between daily step count and sarcopenia. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia in the overall participants was 3.3 % (259/7949 participants), with a mean daily step count of 7292 ± 2966 steps. Expressed in quartiles, the mean daily step counts were 3873 ± 935 steps in Q1, 6025 ± 503 steps in Q2, 7942 ± 624 steps in Q3, and 11,328 ± 1912 steps in Q4. The prevalence of sarcopenia in each quartile of daily step count was 4.7 % (93/1987 participants) in Q1, 3.4 % (68/1987 participants) in Q2, 2.7 % (53/1988 participants) in Q3, and 2.3 % (45/1987 participants) in Q4. The ORs and 95 % CIs adjusted for covariates demonstrated a statistically significant inverse association between daily step count and sarcopenia prevalence (P for trend <0.01), as follows: Q1, reference; Q2, 0.79 (95 % CI: 0.55-1.11); Q3, 0.71 (95 % CI: 0.49-1.03); Q4, 0.61 (95 % CI: 0.41-0.90). The restricted cubic spline curve indicated that the ORs leveled off at approximately 8000 steps per day, and no statistically significant decrease in ORs was observed for daily step counts above this threshold. CONCLUSIONS The study found a significant inverse association between daily step count and the prevalence of sarcopenia, with the association plateauing when the daily step count exceeded approximately 8000 steps. These findings suggest that 8000 steps per day may be the optimal dose to prevent sarcopenia. Further intervention and longitudinal studies are needed to validate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Iwasaka
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Jun Yasukata
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of East Asia, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Miyoshi
- Department of Childhood Care Education, Seika Women's Junior College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hinako Nanri
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Gut Microbiome for Health, Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuma Furukawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Kayoko Koga
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Mikako Horita
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Jacob L, Gyasi RM, Oh H, Smith L, Kostev K, López Sánchez GF, Rahmati M, Haro JM, Tully MA, Shin JI, Yon DK, Koyanagi A. Leisure-time physical activity and sarcopenia among older adults from low- and middle-income countries. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:1130-1138. [PMID: 36872652 PMCID: PMC10067478 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no data on the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and sarcopenia in older adults from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to investigate the association between LTPA and sarcopenia in individuals aged ≥65 years living in six LMICs. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa) were analysed. Sarcopenia referred to the presence of both low skeletal muscle mass and weak handgrip strength. LTPA was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and was analysed as a dichotomized variable [high LTPA (>150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous LTPA) or low LTPA (≤150 min/week)]. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess associations. RESULTS There were 14 585 individuals included in this study [mean (SD) age 72.6 (11.5) years; 55.0% women]. The prevalence of high LTPA and sarcopenia was 8.9% and 12.0%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, low LTPA was significantly associated with higher odds for sarcopenia [prevalence odds ratio (POR) = 1.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.29-2.65] compared with high LTPA. Significant associations were found in women (POR = 3.22, 95% CI = 1.82-5.68) but not in men (POR = 1.52, 95% CI = 0.99-2.35). CONCLUSIONS A positive and significant association between low LTPA and sarcopenia was found among older adults from LMICs. The promotion of LTPA among older adults in LMICs may aid in the prevention of sarcopenia, especially among females, pending future longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Razak M Gyasi
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.,National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Guillermo F López Sánchez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Medicine, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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81
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Carcelén-Fraile MDC, Aibar-Almazán A, Afanador-Restrepo DF, Rivas-Campo Y, Rodríguez-López C, Carcelén-Fraile MDM, Castellote-Caballero Y, Hita-Contreras F. Does an Association among Sarcopenia and Metabolic Risk Factors Exist in People Older Than 65 Years? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030648. [PMID: 36983804 PMCID: PMC10058840 DOI: 10.3390/life13030648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as the generalized and progressive loss of skeletal muscle strength and mass that may be affected by metabolic factors, although this relationship has been poorly studied. The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to analyze the relationship among the different metabolic risk factors and sarcopenia in people older than 65 years. Following the PRISMA 2020 guide, we searched for articles that studied the relationship among sarcopenia and metabolic risk factors in adults over 65 years of age, published between 2012 and 2022 in four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Plus, and CINAHL. A total of 370 articles were identified in the initial search, of which 13 articles were selected for inclusion in this review. It was observed that metabolic risk factors such as Body Mass Index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol, or triglycerides had a significant association with sarcopenia. There is evidence of the association of different metabolic risk factors with sarcopenia in adults over 65 years of age, so it is necessary to carry out studies that investigate different strategies that reduce the appearance of sarcopenia, and with it, the incidence of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaen, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Yulieth Rivas-Campo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of San Buenaventura-Cali, Santiago de Cali 760016, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Fidel Hita-Contreras
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaen, Spain
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82
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Shi Y, Stanmore E, McGarrigle L, Todd C. Non-pharmacological interventions for possible sarcopenia or sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067079. [PMID: 36810172 PMCID: PMC9944664 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early prevention of sarcopenia is a recommendation to reduce morbidity, mortality and improve quality of life. Several non-pharmacological interventions to reduce the risk of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people have been proposed. Therefore, there is a need to identify the scope and differences of these interventions. This scoping review will summarise the nature and extent of the existing literature that describes and examines non-pharmacological interventions for community-dwelling older adults with possible sarcopenia or sarcopenia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The seven-stage review methodology framework will be used. Searches will be conducted in the following databases: Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, All EBM Reviews, Web of Science, Scopus, CBM, CNKI, WANFANG and VIP. Grey literature will also be identified from Google scholar. Search dates will be restricted to January 2010 to December 2022, in English and Chinese language only. Screening will be focused on published research, including both quantitative and qualitative study designs, and prospectively registered trials. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews will be followed when delineating the search decision process. Findings will be synthesised quantitatively and qualitatively as appropriate and classified using key conceptual categories. We will identify whether studies identified have been included in systematic reviews or meta-analyses, and research gaps and opportunities will be identified and summarised. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As this is a review, ethical approval will not be sought. The results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and also disseminated in relevant disease support groups and conferences. The planned scoping review will help us identify the current status of research and gaps in the literature, so as to develop a future research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Shi
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Nursing & School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma Stanmore
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Lisa McGarrigle
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Todd
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Institute for Collaborative Research on Ageing, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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83
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Montemurro A, Ruiz-Cárdenas JD, Martínez-García MDM, Rodríguez-Juan JJ. Consequences of applying the different criteria of the EWGSOP2 guideline for sarcopenia case-finding in Spanish community-dwelling older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 109:104964. [PMID: 36821872 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.104964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia prevalence varies according to differences in diagnostic criteria used. In order to overcome this issue, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People-2 (EWGSOP2) published a consensus to increase harmonization for sarcopenia diagnosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors across the different sarcopenia diagnosis criteria recommended by EWGSOP2 and to analyze its agreement. METHODS A total of 699 community-dwelling older adults (median-age: 72, 60% female) were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Sarcopenia prevalence was obtained by different combinations of muscle strength (handgrip strength or 5-times sit-to-stand) and muscle quantity (appendicular skeletal mass or skeletal muscle index) as recommended by the EWGSOP2. Cohen's Kappa coefficient was calculated to analyze agreement among the four sarcopenia diagnostic criteria and logistic regressions were performed to identify risks associated to health-related outcomes for each diagnostic criterion. RESULTS Sarcopenia prevalence varied from 2.1% to 11.6%, depending on the diagnostic criteria used. Weak-to-moderate agreements (κ-range: 0.13-0.66) were observed among the four sarcopenia diagnosis criteria. There was scarce overlap in sarcopenic people when different diagnostic criteria were used leading to up to 10.4% of underdiagnosis. Sarcopenia defined by 5-times sit-to-stand was more associated with health-related outcomes compared to handgrip strength. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia prevalence rates vary considerably depending on the diagnostic criteria used. These criteria should not be used in an interchangeable way due to their weak agreement. Sarcopenia diagnosis criteria defined by 5-times sit-to-stand could be more suitable in Spanish community-dwelling older adults due their associations with health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Montemurro
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Occupational Therapy, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan D Ruiz-Cárdenas
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Occupational Therapy, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Martínez-García
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Occupational Therapy, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Cystic Fibrosis Association of Murcia, Av. de las Palmeras, 37, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan J Rodríguez-Juan
- Physiotherapy Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, 30120, Murcia, Spain
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84
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Cvečka J, Vajda M, Novotná A, Löfler S, Hamar D, Krčmár M. Benefits of Eccentric Training with Emphasis on Demands of Daily Living Activities and Feasibility in Older Adults: A Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3172. [PMID: 36833867 PMCID: PMC9958977 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in physical capabilities and several other health-related conditions. One of the most common age-related processes is sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is usually accompanied with a decline in skeletal muscle mass and physical functioning. A decrease in these markers usually impacts basic daily living activities (DLAs), which become somewhat harder to accomplish for older individuals. Several research studies have examined the demands of DLA in older individuals with results indicating that activities such as walking, sitting, standing, stair climbing, stair descending, and running generate high demands on older adults. The forces that act on individuals are in most cases equal or multiple times higher relative to their body mass. For instance, it was reported that the GRF (ground reaction force) during stair descent ranged from 1.43 to 1.50 of BW (body weight) in an older population. Even higher demands were recorded during other related activities. These demands of DLA raise the question of appropriate rehabilitative or training management procedures. During the past decades, an eccentric form of resistance training gained popularity due to its effectiveness and lower metabolic demands, which seems to be an appropriate method to develop and maintain a basic level of strength capabilities in higher age. Multiple factors of eccentric training have been examined including modality of exercise, intensity, frequency, and safety of the elderly. Several modalities of eccentric exercise have been shown to be effective including traditional methods, as well as machine-based ones, with or without using some equipment. The studies included in this review varied in intensity from low to high; however, the most frequently used intensity was ≥50% of the maximal eccentric strength during two or three eccentric sessions per week. Importantly, the prevalence of injury of older adults appears to have been low to none, highlighting the safety of this approach. In summary, eccentric training prescriptions for older adults should consider the demands of DLA and the characteristics of the elderly for appropriate management of training recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Cvečka
- Hamar Institute for Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Vajda
- Hamar Institute for Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Novotná
- Hamar Institute for Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stefan Löfler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dušan Hamar
- Hamar Institute for Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matúš Krčmár
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
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85
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Relationship of Functional Outcome With Sarcopenia and Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Patients With Stroke Undergoing Rehabilitation. J Aging Phys Act 2023; 31:1-6. [PMID: 35461188 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship of Functional Independence Measure for motor function (FIM-M) with sarcopenia, and physical activity in patients with stroke undergoing rehabilitation. This cross-sectional study included patients with stroke at a single convalescent rehabilitation hospital. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Physical activity was measured as the duration of light-intensity physical activity and moderate to vigorous physical activity using a triaxial accelerometer. Of 80 patients (median age: 72.0 years), 46 (57.5%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. In multivariate linear regression analysis, FIM-M score was significantly associated with sarcopenia (β = -0.15, p = .043) and light-intensity physical activity (β = 0.55, p < .001). In another model, FIM-M score was significantly associated with moderate to vigorous physical activity (β = 0.27, p = .002) but not with sarcopenia. This study demonstrated that FIM-M was partially associated with sarcopenia and associated with physical activity regardless of intensity in patients with stroke.
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86
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Gedik TE, Unal D, Suzan V, Bag Soytas R, Arman P, Bektan Kanat B, Ulugerger Avci G, Suna Erdincler D, Doventas A, Yavuzer H. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the geriatric inpatient unit. Curr Med Res Opin 2023; 39:259-265. [PMID: 36398760 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2148460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the effects of the pandemic on the inpatients in the geriatric unit by comparing the demographic and clinical characteristics, reasons for hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality of the patients before and during the pandemic. METHODS The population of this retrospective, cross-sectional study consisted of inpatients in the geriatric unit for two years (11 March 2019-10 March 2021). The patients were separated into two groups according to the hospitalization time as pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 period. Hospitalization types, reasons for hospitalization, length of stay, demographic data, chronic diseases, drugs, developed morbidities, discharge, and 1-year mortality status of the patients were recorded. RESULTS Three hundred and fifty patients were included in our study. The mean age was 80.4 ± 8.02. It was observed that the number of hospitalized patients decreased by ∼50% in the COVID-19 period. However, there was a significant decrease in hospitalization due to the control of chronic diseases during the COVID-19 period (p = .008). The number of inpatients from the emergency department was found to be higher during the COVID-19 period (p < .001). Regarding the presence of geriatric syndromes, polypharmacy (p = .011) and delirium (p = .035) were found to be significantly less in the pre-COVID-19 period. The percentage of malnutrition was also detected as lower, but it was not statistically significant. In terms of 1-year mortality, although not statistically significant, the all-cause mortality rate was higher during the COVID-19 period (p = .08). CONCLUSIONS Pandemic has greatly affected the geriatric unit. The prognosis of the patients has worsened and mortality rates have increased. Physiological and psychological deterioration caused by quarantine measures, worsening chronic diseases, and immunosenescence affected the prognosis of geriatric patients. This adds to the previous literature by proving the fact that older individuals are the most vulnerable group in the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Emiroglu Gedik
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Damla Unal
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Veysel Suzan
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rabia Bag Soytas
- Department of Geriatrics, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Arman
- Deparment of Geriatrics, Kutahya Evliya Celebi Training and Research Hospital, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Bahar Bektan Kanat
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulru Ulugerger Avci
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Suna Erdincler
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Doventas
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Yavuzer
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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87
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Won HK, Kang Y, An J, Lee JH, Song WJ, Kwon HS, Cho YS, Moon HB, Jang IY, Kim TB. Relationship between asthma and sarcopenia in the elderly: a nationwide study from the KNHANES. J Asthma 2023; 60:304-313. [PMID: 35225127 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2047716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have investigated the relationship between asthma and sarcopenia. We aimed to examine the relationship between asthma and sarcopenia in a community-dwelling geriatric population, especially regarding lung function and asthma control. METHODS A cross-sectional dataset from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011 was utilized. Data regarding asthma history, age at asthma onset, recent asthma exacerbations, and hospitalization for asthma exacerbations were obtained using structured questionnaires. Appendicular skeletal muscle was calculated as the sum of the skeletal muscle mass, and physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS Asthma presented an estimated incidence of 6.17 ± 0.37% in the elderly. Groups were divided and analyzed according to asthma, muscle mass, and physical activity. Sarcopenia was associated with aging, male sex, smoking history, low body mass index (BMI), and reduced lung function with or without asthma. Sarcopenic asthma had a younger onset and reduced physical activity than non-sarcopenic asthma. Obstructive patterns were more frequent in asthmatics exhibiting low or moderate physical activity levels than in those with high activity, but asthma control was not associated with sarcopenia and physical activity. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that compared with control, sarcopenic asthma was associated with FEV1 < 60%, and airway obstruction, and with aging, male, and lower BMI, compared with non-sarcopenic asthma. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that decreased muscle mass and physical activity levels contribute to reduced lung function in elderly asthmatics. Furthermore, sarcopenic asthma was associated with aging, low BMI, and reduced lung function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Kyeong Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yewon Kang
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergy, Dongkang Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jin An
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyang Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Jung Song
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyouk-Soo Kwon
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Sook Cho
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Bom Moon
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Young Jang
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Bum Kim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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88
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Joo SK, Kim W. Interaction between sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:S68-S78. [PMID: 36472051 PMCID: PMC10029947 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are common health problems related to aging. Despite the differences in their diagnostic methods, several cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have revealed the close link between sarcopenia and NAFLD. Sarcopenia and NAFLD are linked by several shared pathogenetic mechanisms, including insulin resistance, hormonal imbalance, systemic inflammation, myostatin and adiponectin dysregulation, nutritional deficiencies, and physical inactivity, thus implicating a bidirectional relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD. However, there is not sufficient data to support a direct causal relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD. Moreover, it is currently difficult to conclude whether sarcopenia is a risk factor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or is a consequence of NASH. Therefore, this review intends to touch on the shared common mechanisms and the bidirectional relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Kyung Joo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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89
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van der Heijden I, Monteyne AJ, Stephens FB, Wall BT. Alternative dietary protein sources to support healthy and active skeletal muscle aging. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:206-230. [PMID: 35960188 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the age-related decline in skeletal muscle quantity and quality, and the associated negative health outcomes, it has been proposed that dietary protein recommendations for older adults should be increased alongside an active lifestyle and/or structured exercise training. Concomitantly, there are growing environmental concerns associated with the production of animal-based dietary protein sources. The question therefore arises as to where this dietary protein required for meeting the protein demands of the rapidly aging global population should (or could) be obtained. Various non-animal-derived protein sources possess favorable sustainability credentials, though much less is known (compared with animal-derived proteins) about their ability to influence muscle anabolism. It is also likely that the anabolic potential of various alternative protein sources varies markedly, with the majority of options remaining to be investigated. The purpose of this review was to thoroughly assess the current evidence base for the utility of alternative protein sources (plants, fungi, insects, algae, and lab-grown "meat") to support muscle anabolism in (active) older adults. The solid existing data portfolio requires considerable expansion to encompass the strategic evaluation of the various types of dietary protein sources. Such data will ultimately be necessary to support desirable alterations and refinements in nutritional guidelines to support healthy and active aging, while concomitantly securing a sustainable food future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ino van der Heijden
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J Monteyne
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Francis B Stephens
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T Wall
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Ustevic C, Rajovic N, Stanisavljevic D, Tiosavljevic D, Pavlovic A, Tasic R, Rajovic T, Grupkovic J, Pilipovic F, Pejin V, Milcanovic P, Mazic S, Milic N. From Sarcopenia to Depressive Symptoms in Elderly: A Path Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:972. [PMID: 36673727 PMCID: PMC9859183 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is an age-related progressive, generalized skeletal muscle disorder involving the accelerated loss of muscle function and muscle mass. The aim of this study was to assess the complex relationship between sarcopenia, malnutrition, cognitive impairment, physical activity, and depression in the elderly, with the potential role of quality of life as a mediator in these associations. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample (n = 298) of elderly patients admitted to Special Hospital for Rehabilitation "Termal", Vrdnik, Serbia. Sarcopenia, the risk for malnutrition, cognitive impairment, physical activity, quality of life, and depressive symptoms were measured by standardized instruments. Additional data included sociodemographic characteristics. Simultaneous assessment of the direct and indirect relationships of all determinants was performed by path analysis. RESULTS A total of 40% (n = 120) of the elderly were diagnosed with sarcopenia, and 42.6% had depression symptoms. The risk of malnutrition was present in 23.5%, cognitive impairment in 5.4%, and a low level of physical activity was reported in 26.2% of elderly participants. The mean reported quality of life measured by Sarcopenia and Quality of Life Questionnaire was 60 (on the scale ranging from 0 to 100; where a higher score reflects a higher quality of life). The best-fitted model (χ2/DF = 1.885, NFI = 0.987, CFI = 0.993, GFI = 0.997, RMSEA = 0.055) highlighted the mediating effect of quality of life between sarcopenia, malnutrition, cognitive impairment, lower level of physical activities and depression. According to the model, quality of life was a direct negative predictor of depressive symptoms in the elderly, while malnutrition positively affected depression. CONCLUSIONS The presented path model may assist rehabilitation centers in developing strategies to screen for sarcopenia and risk of malnutrition, and promote physical activity in elderly, aiming to prevent their negative effects on mental health. For the elderly currently affected by sarcopenia, we consider regenerative medicine and stem cell therapy, which, in view of their etiology, could be a potential therapeutic strategy for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedomir Ustevic
- Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation “Termal”, 22408 Vrdnik, Serbia
- Laboratory for Sports Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Rajovic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejana Stanisavljevic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Tiosavljevic
- Department of Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Psychiatry, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrija Pavlovic
- Department of Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radica Tasic
- Medical School, College of Vocational Studies, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Rajovic
- Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation “Termal”, 22408 Vrdnik, Serbia
| | - Jovana Grupkovic
- Department for Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Filip Pilipovic
- Institute for Orthopedic Surgery “Banjica”, 11040 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Petar Milcanovic
- Laboratory for Sports Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Mazic
- Laboratory for Sports Institute of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Milic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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91
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Wong BWX, Thu WPP, Chan YH, Logan SJS, Cauley JA, Yong EL. Association of sarcopenia with important health conditions among community-dwelling Asian women. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281144. [PMID: 36716336 PMCID: PMC9886252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine sarcopenia prevalence using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS) and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) definitions, and their associations with important health conditions affecting midlife Singaporean women. Muscle mass and function were objectively assessed in 1201 healthy community-dwelling subjects aged 45-69 years under the Integrated Women's Health Program (IWHP). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), handgrip strength and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were measured, and the relationship between sarcopenia with hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), osteoporosis, depression/anxiety, and urinary incontinence were examined using binary logistic regression models. Sarcopenia prevalence was 18.0% and 7.7% by the AWGS and FNIH criteria respectively. Osteoporosis (aOR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.94) and T2DM (aOR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.42) was positively associated with AWGS- and FNIH-defined sarcopenia respectively, while hypertension was not, after adjustment for age, ethnicity, education levels and menopausal status. A negative percent agreement of 95.6% suggests good agreement between the criteria in the absence of sarcopenia. Even though they represent a single concept, sarcopenia by either criterion differed in their relationships with diabetes and osteoporosis, suggesting the need for further rationalization of diagnostic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly Wen-Xin Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Win Pa Pa Thu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Susan Jane Sinclair Logan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jane A. Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Eu-Leong Yong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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92
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Chae HJ, Lee SH. Effectiveness of online-based cognitive intervention in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e5853. [PMID: 36468299 PMCID: PMC10107881 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild dementia imposes a substantial burden on patients, families, and social systems. For MCI or mild dementia patient, cognitive training is required to prevent progression to dementia. With advances in digital health, cognitive interventions using information and communication technology (ICT) have become essential for maintaining independence and functioning in dementia patients. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an ICT-based cognitive intervention in community-dwelling older adults with MCI or mild dementia. METHODS A literature search was performed in four databases: Ovid-Medline, Ovid-EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. We selected studies published up to April 15, 2021, on topics related to cognitive interventions using ICT in older adults with MCI or mild dementia. RESULTS Forty-four studies were included in the analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that ICT-based cognitive interventions significantly improved the Mini-Mental State Examination score in the intervention group compared with that in the control group. Additionally, cognitive training using ICT was significantly effective for a period of more than 30 min, more than 6 weeks, and multi-domain content. Moreover, a significant reduction in depression was found in the intervention group compared with that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS ICT-based cognitive intervention had a positive effect on cognitive function, depression, and quality of life in older adults with MCI or mild dementia. Application of ICT-based cognitive training to community-dwelling older adults with MCI or mild dementia should be expanded, and nurses should play a pivotal role in mediating between these older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jae Chae
- Department of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seon Heui Lee
- Department of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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93
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Frenzel AP, Bielemann RM, Barbosa-Silva TG, Gonzalez MC. Applicability of the SARC-F questionnaire by remote interview. Nutrition 2023; 105:111871. [PMID: 36413820 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of the strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls (SARC-F) questionnaire by telephone to identify sarcopenia risk (SR; SARC-F ≥6) and low muscle function risk (LMFR; SARC-F ≥ 4) and their associated risk factors in a cohort of community-dwelling older adults in southern Brazil. METHODS A longitudinal study was carried out with community-dwelling older individuals from COMO VAI? STUDY Sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related information were collected at baseline, and, in the second assessment, the SARC-F questionnaire was applied by phone or in-person interviews. Older adults identified with sarcopenia at the baseline assessment were excluded. Adjusted analysis by Poisson regression according to hierarchical levels was performed. RESULTS Of the 1451 participants interviewed at baseline, only 951 participated in the second assessment. During the second assessment, 732 adults (77%) were interviewed by phone and 219 (23%) in person. There was no statistically significant difference for the SR (9.1 versus 9.7%, P = 0.802) and LMFR (22.4 versus 20.0%, P = 0.435) prevalence when the SARC-F questionnaire was administered in person or by phone, respectively. Age ≥80 y, presence of depressive symptoms, multimorbidity, dependence to perform one or more daily activities, and polypharmacy were factors associated with a higher risk for poor outcomes in older adults interviewed by phone. CONCLUSIONS The similar prevalence between in-person and remote assessments suggests the feasibility of using the SARC-F questionnaire by phone interview as a reliable alternative for sarcopenia and low muscle function risk assessment without the requirement of face-to-face evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline P Frenzel
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Renata M Bielemann
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Foods, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Foods, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil.
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Yi Y, Wang C, Ding Y, He J, Lv Y, Chang Y. Diet was less significant than physical activity in the prognosis of people with sarcopenia and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver diseases: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1101892. [PMID: 36909338 PMCID: PMC9995978 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is prevalent in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver diseases (MAFLD), and the primary treatment for both diseases is lifestyle modification. We studied how dietary components and physical activity affect individuals with sarcopenia and MAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a study utilizing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988-1994) data with Linked Mortality file (through 2019). The diagnosis of fatty liver disease (FLD) was based on ultrasound images revealing moderate and severe steatosis. Using bioelectrical measures, sarcopenia was assessed. Using self-report data, dietary intake and physical activity levels were evaluated. RESULTS Among 12,259 participants, 2,473 presented with MAFLD, and 290 of whom had sarcopenia. Higher levels of physical activity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.51 [0.36-0.95]) and calorie (OR = 0.58 [0.41-0.83]) intake reduced the likelihood of sarcopenia in MAFLD patients. During a median follow-up period of 15.3 years, 1,164 MAFLD and 181 MAFLD patients with sarcopenia perished. Increased activity levels improved the prognosis of patients with sarcopenia (Insufficiently active, HR = 0.75 [0.58-0.97]; Active, HR = 0.64 [0.48-0.86]), which was particularly pronounced in older patients. CONCLUSION In the general population, hyperglycemia was highly related to MAFLD prognosis. Physical inactivity and a protein-restricted diet corresponded to sarcopenia, with physical inactivity being connected to poor outcomes. Adding protein supplements would be beneficial for older people with sarcopenia who are unable to exercise due to frailty, while the survival benefits were negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - JiangHua He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - YuQing Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Chang,
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95
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Uchida K, Sugimoto T, Tange C, Nishita Y, Shimokata H, Saji N, Kuroda Y, Matsumoto N, Kishino Y, Ono R, Akisue T, Otsuka R, Sakurai T. Association between Reduction of Muscle Mass and Faster Declines in Global Cognition among Older People: A 4-Year Prospective Cohort Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:932-939. [PMID: 37997712 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-2007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A few studies reported that both decrease and increase in body mass index (BMI) were associated with the development of dementia in later life. However, it is unclear what changes in body composition are associated with cognitive decline. This study investigated the longitudinal influences of changes in body composition on cognitive function among community-dwelling adults. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This longitudinal study included older adults aged ≥60 years without cognitive impairment who participated in National Institute for Longevity Sciences - Longitudinal Study of Aging. MEASUREMENTS Cognitive function was assessed using the MMSE. Body composition was measured by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry system. Then, BMI, fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and muscle mass index (MMI) were calculated. The changes in body composition over 6 years (second wave to fifth wave) were calculated, and three groups were created: decreased group, decrease of >5%; stable group, change within 5%, and increased group, increase of >5%. In statistical analysis, a linear mixed model was applied by sex to investigate the influences of body composition changes on cognitive function over 4 years (fifth wave to seventh wave). RESULTS This study analyzed 515 participants (mean age, 67.05 years; 53.4% men). Men with decreased group in FFMI and MMI exhibited faster declines in MMSE scores than those with stable group (β [95% CI]: FFMI, -0.293 [-0.719 to -0.020]; MMI, -0.472 [-0.884 to -0.059]). In women, there was no significant association between body composition changes and cognitive functions. CONCLUSIONS Decrease in fat-free mass and muscle mass is associated with faster cognitive declines in men. These results suggest the importance of continuous monitoring of muscle mass to prevent cognitive decline in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Uchida
- Takashi Sakurai, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan, TEL: +81-562-46-2311, FAX: +81-562-46-8394, E-mail:
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96
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Liu S, Zhuang S, Li M, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Hu H. Relationship between sarcopenia and sleep status in female patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:94-107. [PMID: 36403982 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders and sarcopenia could contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which are risk factors that rapidly deteriorate cognitive functions. However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between sarcopenia and sleep disorders in female AD patients, who have a higher prevalence than male patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and sleep status in female patients with mild to moderate AD. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited 112 female outpatients aged between 60 and 85 years. Demographic characteristics, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), grip strength, and gait speed were assessed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) assessed sleep variables. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) assessed cognitive function. Binary logistic regression models explored the relationship between sleep variables and cognitive function and sarcopenia, adjusting for potential cofounders. RESULTS The outpatients were divided into 36 AD patients with sarcopenia (ADSa) and 76 AD patients without sarcopenia (ADNSa), with a prevalence of 32.1%. ADSa had lower ASMI, weaker grip strength, slower gait speed, a higher incidence of poor sleep quality and poorer cognitive function. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that high total scores of PSQI (odds ratio (OR) = 1.13), poor sleep quality (OR = 2.73), poor subjective sleep quality (OR = 1.83), low MMSE (OR = 0.77) and MoCA (OR = 0.76) scores were associated with high odds of sarcopenia. Compared to sleep time ≤ 15 min, >60 min (OR = 5.01) were associated with sarcopenia. Sleep duration <6 h (OR = 3.99), 8-9 h (OR = 4.48) and ≥9 h (OR = 6.33) were associated with sarcopenia compared to 7-8 h. CONCLUSIONS More sleep symptoms and cognitive impairment exist in female patients with sarcopenia. The higher total scores of PSQI, poorer subjective sleep quality, longer sleep latency, excessive and insufficient sleep duration and poorer cognitive function are associated with higher odds of sarcopenia in female patients with mild to moderate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanwen Liu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Centre of Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China
| | - Sheng Zhuang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Centre of Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhu
- Department of Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Centre of Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China
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97
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Teraž K, Kalc M, Peskar M, Pišot S, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Pori P. Sarcopenia, obesity, and their association with selected behavioral factors in active older adults. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1129034. [PMID: 36909226 PMCID: PMC9996059 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1129034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The number of obese people in the world is increasing, as is the number of sarcopenic people among the older adults. Although both states are concerning, they can be positively influenced by selected behavioral factors such as adequate nutrition and physical activity. We were interested in the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in active older people and the influence of behavioral factors on this phenomenon. Methods: The study included 38 older adults (21 women) with a mean age of 75.3 ± 5.0 years. Sarcopenic parameters were determined with different tests: Handgrip Test, Chair Stand Test, Gait Speed, Timed Up and Go Test, and Short Physical Performance Battery. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Physical activity level was measured using accelerometers, and nutritional status was assessed using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment and MEDLIFE Index questionnaire. Results: Of all included active participants (the average number of steps per day was 8,916 ± 3,543), 47.4% of them were obese. Of all included women, 52.4% were obese. Sarcopenic obesity was found in three (7.9%) participants. Nutritional status correlated with strength of lower extremities and physical performance tests (gait speed, Timed Up and Go Test and Short Physical performance battery). Higher number of steps per day positively correlates with physical performance. Discussion: Interestingly, we did not find any correlation between the main obesity parameter such as percent body fat or body mass index (and thus sarcopenic obesity) and any of the selected behavioral factors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, or dietary habits). In conclusion, reaching the recommended levels of physical activity in older adults may not be sufficient to prevent the occurrence of obesity and sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Teraž
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia.,Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miloš Kalc
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Manca Peskar
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia.,Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty V: Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saša Pišot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pišot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pori
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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98
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Yuenyongchaiwat K, Akekawatchai C, Khattiya J. Effects of a Pedometer-Based Walking Home Program Plus Resistance Training on Inflammatory Cytokines and Depression in Thai Older People with Sarcopenia: A Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Gerontol 2023; 46:717-728. [PMID: 36461909 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2150396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of daily walking steps plus resistive exercise on chronic inflammatory markers and depressive symptoms in older adults with sarcopenia. METHODS Ninety men and women aged over 60 years were enrolled and divided into 60 and 30 adults with and without sarcopenia, respectively. Older individuals were screened for sarcopenia using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia in 2019. A simple random sample was conducted to divide the older adults with sarcopenia into two groups: control and intervention. Thirty older adults with sarcopenia were assigned to perform 12 weeks of step walking (>7500 steps) daily for 5 days/week plus resistance exercise with an elastic band twice/week; the control groups (i.e., no sarcopenia and sarcopenia) performed routine daily life Changes in depression and expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured before and after the 12-week intervention program. Two-way mixed ANOVA models were computed for group and interaction effects for each variable. RESULTS Changes in depressive symptom scores (Δ2.86 ± 0.92) and TNF-α levels (Δ22.16 ± 2.30) were observed in the intervention group after the 12-week program. In addition, an interaction effect between the intervention (Δ4.04 ± 3.10) and control groups (Δ8.10 ± 4.88) was found for the symptoms of depression. CONCLUSION Older people with sarcopenia who accumulated >7,500 steps/day, 5 days/week plus resistive elastic band twice /week show improvements in inflammation and depressive symptoms. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Encourage physical activity had a positive effect on reducing inflammation and depression among older people with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit for Physical Therapy in Respiratory and Cardiovascular Systems, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Chareeporn Akekawatchai
- Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumtani, Thailand
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Diagnostic Molecular Biology of Chronic Diseases related to Cancer (DMB-CDC), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Janya Khattiya
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
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99
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Labata-Lezaun N, González-Rueda V, Llurda-Almuzara L, López-de-Celis C, Rodríguez-Sanz J, Bosch J, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Gorczakowska D, Araluze-Arizti P, Pérez-Bellmunt A. Effectiveness of multicomponent training on physical performance in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 104:104838. [PMID: 36272227 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent training (MCT) is characterized by the combination of at least 3 types of training. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of MCT programs for improving physical performance in healthy older adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs) was conducted. The systematic search was performed in the Web of Sciences, PubMed (MEDLINE), and Cochrane Library databases. Articles were included if participants were healthy and 65 years or older, and the control group did not perform any type of training. Studies were excluded if the interventions lasted less than 8 weeks. PEDro scale and Risk of Bias tool (RoB) were used in order to assess the quality of the articles. The search strategy found a total of 388 studies. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 studies were included for the qualitative analysis. Finally, 13 articles were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 808 healthy older adults analyzed. The main results of the meta-analysis showed that MCT improves physical performance significantly more than no training (SMD: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.55, 1.00; Z = 6.84, p < 0.01; I2 = 54%). In addition, the MCT also seems to significantly increase in upper and lower limb strength, walking speed and aerobic capacity. MCT improves general functionality, strength in upper and lower extremities, walking speed and aerobic capacity. Implementation of MCT programs should be encouraged as an effective strategy in the prevention of adverse conditions in the older adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Labata-Lezaun
- Anatomy Unit, Basic Sciences Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain; ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain
| | - Vanessa González-Rueda
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain; Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain; Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona 08007, Spain
| | - Luis Llurda-Almuzara
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, European University of Gasteiz - EUNEIZ, La Biosfera Ibilbidea, 6, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01013, Spain
| | - Carlos López-de-Celis
- ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain; Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain; Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona 08007, Spain
| | - Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz
- Anatomy Unit, Basic Sciences Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain; ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain
| | - Joan Bosch
- Anatomy Unit, Basic Sciences Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Dorota Gorczakowska
- Anatomy Unit, Basic Sciences Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain
| | - Paola Araluze-Arizti
- Anatomy Unit, Basic Sciences Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain
| | - Albert Pérez-Bellmunt
- Anatomy Unit, Basic Sciences Department, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain; ACTIUM Functional Anatomy Group, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona 08195, Spain.
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Dp-ucMGP as a Biomarker in Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245400. [PMID: 36558558 PMCID: PMC9785709 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is linked with an increased risk of falls, osteoporosis and mortality and is an increasing problem for healthcare systems. No satisfying biomarkers for sarcopenia diagnosis exist, connecting bone, fat and muscle. Matrix-GLA-protein (MGP) is an adipokine that regulates bone metabolism and is associated with decreased muscle strength. Associations of dp-ucMGP were analyzed in the BioPersMed cohort (58 ± 9 years), including 1022 asymptomatic subjects at moderate cardiovascular risk. Serum measurements of dp-ucMGP in 760 persons were performed with the InaKtif MGP Kit with the IDS-iSYS Multi-Discipline Automated System. DXA data (792 persons) measured with the Lunar iDXA system and physical performance data (786 persons) were available. Dp-ucMGP plasma levels correlate with sarcopenia parameters like gait speed (ρ = −0.192, p < 0.001), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ρ = 0.102, p = 0.005) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ρ = 0.112, p = 0.001). They are lower in persons with sarcopenia (p < 0.001) and higher in persons with reduced physical performance (p = 0.019). Persons in the lowest dp-ucMGP quartile have the highest risk for reduced muscle mass, decreasing with each quartile, whereas persons in the highest quartile have the highest risk of reduced muscle strength. Dp-ucMGP might be a good biomarker candidate in sarcopenia characterization.
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