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Lebreton F, Wassmer CH, Belofatto K, Berney T, Berishvili E. [Insulin-secreting organoids: a first step towards the bioartificial pancreas]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:879-885. [PMID: 33026330 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a valid cure for selected type-1 diabetic patients. It offers a minimally invasive β-cell replacement approach and has proven its capacity to significantly enhance patients quality of life. However, these insulin-secreting mini-organs suffer from the loss of intrinsic vascularization and extra-cellular matrix occurring during isolation, resulting in hypoxic stress and necrosis. In addition, they have to face inflammatory and immune destruction once transplanted in the liver. Organoid generation represents a strategy to overcome these obstacles by allowing size and shape control as well as composition. It does offer the possibility to add supporting cells such as endothelial cells, in order to facilitate revascularization or cells releasing anti-inflammatory and/or immunomodulatory factors. This review describes the limitations of pancreatic islet transplantation and details the benefits offered by organoids as a cornerstone toward the generation of a bioartificial pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lebreton
- Laboratoire de transplantation cellulaire, Département de Chirurgie, Centre médical universitaire, Hôpitaux de l'université de Genève et université de Genève, Genève, Suisse - Centre facultaire du diabète, Centre médical de l'université de Genève, Genève, Suisse
| | - Charles-Henri Wassmer
- Laboratoire de transplantation cellulaire, Département de Chirurgie, Centre médical universitaire, Hôpitaux de l'université de Genève et université de Genève, Genève, Suisse - Centre facultaire du diabète, Centre médical de l'université de Genève, Genève, Suisse
| | - Kevin Belofatto
- Laboratoire de transplantation cellulaire, Département de Chirurgie, Centre médical universitaire, Hôpitaux de l'université de Genève et université de Genève, Genève, Suisse - Centre facultaire du diabète, Centre médical de l'université de Genève, Genève, Suisse
| | - Thierry Berney
- Laboratoire de transplantation cellulaire, Département de Chirurgie, Centre médical universitaire, Hôpitaux de l'université de Genève et université de Genève, Genève, Suisse - Centre facultaire du diabète, Centre médical de l'université de Genève, Genève, Suisse
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- Laboratoire de transplantation cellulaire, Département de Chirurgie, Centre médical universitaire, Hôpitaux de l'université de Genève et université de Genève, Genève, Suisse - Centre facultaire du diabète, Centre médical de l'université de Genève, Genève, Suisse - Institute of Medical Research, Ilia State University, Tbilissi, Géorgie
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52
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Wassmer CH, Lebreton F, Bellofatto K, Bosco D, Berney T, Berishvili E. Generation of insulin-secreting organoids: a step toward engineering and transplanting the bioartificial pancreas. Transpl Int 2020; 33:1577-1588. [PMID: 32852858 PMCID: PMC7756715 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major health issue of increasing prevalence. ß‐cell replacement, by pancreas or islet transplantation, is the only long‐term curative option for patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes. Despite good functional results, pancreas transplantation remains a major surgery with potentially severe complications. Islet transplantation is a minimally invasive alternative that can widen the indications in view of its lower morbidity. However, the islet isolation procedure disrupts their vasculature and connection to the surrounding extracellular matrix, exposing them to ischemia and anoikis. Implanted islets are also the target of innate and adaptive immune attacks, thus preventing robust engraftment and prolonged full function. Generation of organoids, defined as functional 3D structures assembled with cell types from different sources, is a strategy increasingly used in regenerative medicine for tissue replacement or repair, in a variety of inflammatory or degenerative disorders. Applied to ß‐cell replacement, it offers the possibility to control the size and composition of islet‐like structures (pseudo‐islets), and to include cells with anti‐inflammatory or immunomodulatory properties. In this review, we will present approaches to generate islet cell organoids and discuss how these strategies can be applied to the generation of a bioartificial pancreas for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Henri Wassmer
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Lebreton
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Berney
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty Diabetes Center, University of Geneva Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical and Public Health Research, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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53
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Dickmeis C, Kauth L, Commandeur U. From infection to healing: The use of plant viruses in bioactive hydrogels. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 13:e1662. [PMID: 32677315 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses show great diversity in shape and size, but each species forms unique nucleoprotein particles that are symmetrical and monodisperse. The genetically programed structure of plant viruses allows them to be modified by genetic engineering, bioconjugation, or encapsulation to form virus nanoparticles (VNPs) that are suitable for a broad range of applications. Plant VNPs can be used to present foreign proteins or epitopes, to construct inorganic hybrid materials, or to carry molecular cargos, allowing their utilization as imaging reagents, immunomodulators, therapeutics, nanoreactors, and biosensors. The medical applications of plant viruses benefit from their inability to infect and replicate in human cells. The structural properties of plant viruses also make them useful as components of hydrogels for tissue engineering. Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks composed of hydrophilic polymers that can absorb large amounts of water. They are used as supports for tissue regeneration, as reservoirs for controlled drug release, and are found in contact lenses, many wound healing materials, and hygiene products. They are also useful in ecological applications such as wastewater treatment. Hydrogel-based matrices are structurally similar to the native extracellular matrix (ECM) and provide a scaffold for the attachment of cells. To fully replicate the functions of the ECM it is necessary to augment hydrogels with biological cues that regulate cellular interactions. This can be achieved by incorporating functionalized VNPs displaying ligands that influence the mechanical characteristics of hydrogels and their biological properties, promoting the survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of embedded cells. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dickmeis
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Louisa Kauth
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Commandeur
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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54
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Doulgkeroglou MN, Di Nubila A, Niessing B, König N, Schmitt RH, Damen J, Szilvassy SJ, Chang W, Csontos L, Louis S, Kugelmeier P, Ronfard V, Bayon Y, Zeugolis DI. Automation, Monitoring, and Standardization of Cell Product Manufacturing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:811. [PMID: 32766229 PMCID: PMC7381146 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although regenerative medicine products are at the forefront of scientific research, technological innovation, and clinical translation, their reproducibility and large-scale production are compromised by automation, monitoring, and standardization issues. To overcome these limitations, new technologies at software (e.g., algorithms and artificial intelligence models, combined with imaging software and machine learning techniques) and hardware (e.g., automated liquid handling, automated cell expansion bioreactor systems, automated colony-forming unit counting and characterization units, and scalable cell culture plates) level are under intense investigation. Automation, monitoring and standardization should be considered at the early stages of the developmental cycle of cell products to deliver more robust and effective therapies and treatment plans to the bedside, reducing healthcare expenditure and improving services and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meletios-Nikolaos Doulgkeroglou
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Science Foundation Ireland, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alessia Di Nubila
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Science Foundation Ireland, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Niels König
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert H Schmitt
- Production Engineering Cluster, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jackie Damen
- STEMCELL Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Wing Chang
- STEMCELL Technologies Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Csontos
- STEMCELL Technologies Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Louis
- STEMCELL Technologies Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Vincent Ronfard
- College System of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States.,Cutiss AG, Zurich, Switzerland.,HairClone, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yves Bayon
- Medtronic - Sofradim Production, Trévoux, France
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Science Foundation Ireland, Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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55
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Lebreton F, Bellofatto K, Wassmer CH, Perez L, Lavallard V, Parnaud G, Cottet-Dumoulin D, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Bosco D, Othenin-Girard V, Martinez de Tejada B, Berishvili E. Shielding islets with human amniotic epithelial cells enhances islet engraftment and revascularization in a murine diabetes model. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:1551-1561. [PMID: 32031745 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major cause of considerable islet loss during the early posttransplant period. Here, we investigate whether shielding islets with human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), which possess anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties, improves islet engraftment and survival. Shielded islets were generated on agarose microwells by mixing rat islets (RIs) or human islets (HI) and hAECs (100 hAECs/IEQ). Islet secretory function and viability were assessed after culture in hypoxia (1% O2 ) or normoxia (21% O2 ) in vitro. In vivo function was evaluated after transplant under the kidney capsule of diabetic immunodeficient mice. Graft morphology and vascularization were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Both shielded RIs and HIs show higher viability and increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion after exposure to hypoxia in vitro compared with control islets. Transplant of shielded islets results in considerably earlier normoglycemia and vascularization, an enhanced glucose tolerance, and a higher β cell mass. Our results show that hAECs have a clear cytoprotective effect against hypoxic damages in vitro. This strategy improves β cell mass engraftment and islet revascularization, leading to an improved capacity of islets to reverse hyperglycemia, and could be rapidly applicable in the clinical situation seeing that the modification to HIs are minor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Lebreton
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles H Wassmer
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Perez
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Lavallard
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Géraldine Parnaud
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Cottet-Dumoulin
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- INSERM U1190, Translational Research for Diabetes, University of Lille, France
| | - François Pattou
- INSERM U1190, Translational Research for Diabetes, University of Lille, France
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Véronique Othenin-Girard
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Begoña Martinez de Tejada
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty Diabetes Center, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Research, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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56
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Alassaf A, Ishahak M, Bowles A, Agarwal A. Microelectrode Array based Functional Testing of Pancreatic Islet Cells. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11050507. [PMID: 32429597 PMCID: PMC7281363 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Electrophysiological techniques to characterize the functionality of islets of Langerhans have been limited to short-term, one-time recordings such as a patch clamp recording. We describe the use of microelectrode arrays (MEAs) to better understand the electrophysiology of dissociated islet cells in response to glucose in a real-time, non-invasive method over prolonged culture periods. Human islets were dissociated into singular cells and seeded onto MEA, which were cultured for up to 7 days. Immunofluorescent imaging revealed that several cellular subtypes of islets; β, δ, and γ cells were present after dissociation. At days 1, 3, 5, and 7 of culture, MEA recordings captured higher electrical activities of islet cells under 16.7 mM glucose (high glucose) than 1.1 mM glucose (low glucose) conditions. The fraction of the plateau phase (FOPP), which is the fraction of time with spiking activity recorded using the MEA, consistently showed distinguishably greater percentages of spiking activity with high glucose compared to the low glucose for all culture days. In parallel, glucose stimulated insulin secretion was measured revealing a diminished insulin response after day 3 of culture. Additionally, MEA spiking profiles were similar to the time course of insulin response when glucose concentration is switched from 1.1 to 16.7 mM. Our analyses suggest that extracellular recordings of dissociated islet cells using MEA is an effective approach to rapidly assess islet functionality, and could supplement standard assays such as glucose stimulate insulin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alassaf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; (A.A.); (M.I.); (A.B.)
- DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthew Ishahak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; (A.A.); (M.I.); (A.B.)
- DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Annie Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; (A.A.); (M.I.); (A.B.)
- DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; (A.A.); (M.I.); (A.B.)
- DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +305-243-8925
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High Fractions of Large Islets in Human Islet Preparations Detrimentally Affect Posttransplant Outcomes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Immunodeficient Mice. Pancreas 2020; 49:650-654. [PMID: 32433402 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether the size of islets isolated from human donors-measured pretransplant-impacts transplantation outcomes in diabetic mice. METHODS Human islets (1200 islet equivalents) were transplanted into the kidney capsules of streptozotocin-induced diabetic immunodeficient mice. Data from a total of 174 mice that received islets from 45 isolations were analyzed to evaluate the correlation between pretransplant islet size and posttransplant diabetes reversal. Fluorescent images of islet clusters were used to categorize individual islets by size (small, 50-150 μm; medium, 150-250 μm; large, >250 μm), and the fractions of islets in each category were calculated. RESULTS The fraction of large islets negatively correlated with diabetes reversal rates. Mice that received islet grafts containing 0% to 5%, 5% to 10%, and more than 10% large islets had diabetes reversal rates of 75%, 61%, and 45%, respectively (P = 0.0112). Furthermore, mice that exhibited diabetes reversal received smaller fractions of large islets than mice that did not (5.5% vs 8.0%, P = 0.0003). Intriguingly, the fractions of medium and small islets did not correlate with diabetes reversal outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The fraction of large islets is a sensitive predictor of human islet transplantation outcomes in diabetic mice.
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RAZAVI MEHDI, PRIMAVERA ROSITA, KEVADIYA BHAVESHD, WANG JING, BUCHWALD PETER, THAKOR AVNESHS. A Collagen Based Cryogel Bioscaffold that Generates Oxygen for Islet Transplantation. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1902463. [PMID: 33071709 PMCID: PMC7567341 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201902463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop, characterize and test a novel 3D bioscaffold matrix which can accommodate pancreatic islets and provide them with a continuous, controlled and steady source of oxygen to prevent hypoxia-induced damage following transplantation. Hence, we made a collagen based cryogel bioscaffold which incorporated calcium peroxide (CPO) into its matrix. The optimal concentration of CPO integrated into bioscaffolds was 0.25wt.% and this generated oxygen at 0.21±0.02mM/day (day 1), 0.19±0.01mM/day (day 6), 0.13±0.03mM/day (day 14), and 0.14±0.02mM/day (day 21). Accordingly, islets seeded into cryogel-CPO bioscaffolds had a significantly higher viability and function compared to islets seeded into cryogel alone bioscaffolds or islets cultured alone on traditional cell culture plates; these findings were supported by data from quantitative computational modelling. When syngeneic islets were transplanted into the epididymal fat pad (EFP) of diabetic mice, our cryogel-0.25wt.%CPO bioscaffold improved islet function with diabetic animals re-establishing glycemic control. Mice transplanted with cryogel-0.25wt.%CPO bioscaffolds showed faster responses to intraperitoneal glucose injections and had a higher level of insulin content in their EFP compared to those transplanted with islets alone (P<0.05). Biodegradability studies predicted that our cryogel-CPO bioscaffolds will have long-lasting biostability for approximately 5 years (biodegradation rate: 16.00±0.65%/year). Long term implantation studies (i.e. 6 months) showed that our cryogel-CPO bioscaffold is biocompatible and integrated into the surrounding fat tissue with minimal adverse tissue reaction; this was further supported by no change in blood parameters (i.e. electrolyte, metabolic, chemistry and liver panels). Our novel oxygen-generating bioscaffold (i.e. cryogel-0.25wt.%CPO) therefore provides a biostable and biocompatible 3D microenvironment for islets which can facilitate islet survival and function at extra-hepatic sites of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- MEHDI RAZAVI
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
- Biionix™ (Bionic Materials, Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, USA
| | - ROSITA PRIMAVERA
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - BHAVESH D KEVADIYA
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - JING WANG
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - PETER BUCHWALD
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - AVNESH S THAKOR
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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59
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A Feasible Method for Quantifying Living Pancreatic Human Islets in Murine Livers Posttransplantation by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Transplantation 2020; 104:e144-e150. [PMID: 32080160 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current histological methods cannot accurately determine the survival rate of human pancreatic islets following portal vein infusion. This is due, in part, to the low number of infused islets relative to the whole liver. In this study, we assessed the ability of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to track human islets posttransplantation. METHODS Immunodeficient mice were transplanted with human islets. Following engraftment, animals were euthanized, livers procured, and human islet β cells immunofluorescently labeled with an insulin-specific antibody and evaluated by CLSM. A calibration curve comparing the area of insulin + hepatic islet β cells to the number of human islets collected was developed. Levels of human C-peptide were measured in transplant recipients to determine islet function. RESULTS The short-term survival rate of islet transplants was defined as y = 0.0422x + 2.7008, in which x is human islet number and y is liver islet β cell area. Employing CLSM, human islets were detected in immunofluorescent labeled murine liver tissue sections posttransplantation. The β cell-relative area of human islets in 500 islet equivalent (IEQ) specimens was 20.21 ± 1.16 mm and in 1000 IEQ specimens 39.4 ± 2.23 mm posttransplantation. Human islet posttransplant survival rates were 82.9 ± 5.50% (500 IEQ group) and 86.9 ± 5.28% (1000 IEQ group). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that CLSM can be employed to quantify and characterize pancreatic human islets after transplantation to murine livers.
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60
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Vlahos AE, Kinney SM, Kingston BR, Keshavjee S, Won SY, Martyts A, Chan WC, Sefton MV. Endothelialized collagen based pseudo-islets enables tuneable subcutaneous diabetes therapy. Biomaterials 2020; 232:119710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kim GS, Lee JH, Shin DY, Lee HS, Park H, Lee KW, Yang HM, Kim SJ, Park JB. Integrated whole liver histologic analysis of the allogeneic islet distribution and characteristics in a nonhuman primate model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:793. [PMID: 31964980 PMCID: PMC6972963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The most obvious method to observe transplanted islets in the liver is direct biopsy, but the distribution and location of the best biopsy site in the recipient's liver are poorly understood. Islets transplanted into the whole liver of five diabetic cynomolgus monkeys that underwent insulin-independent survival for an extended period of time after allo-islet transplantation were analyzed for characteristics and distribution tendency. The liver was divided into segments (S1-S8), and immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to estimate the diameter, beta cell area, and islet location. Islets were more distributed in S2 depending on tissue size; however, the number of islets per tissue size was high in S1 and S8. Statistical analysis revealed that the characteristics of islets in S1 and S8 were relatively similar to other segments despite various transplanted islet dosages and survival times. In conclusion, S1, which exhibited high islet density and reflected the overall characteristics of transplanted islets, can be considered to be a reasonable candidate for a liver biopsy site in this monkey model. The findings obtained from the five monkey livers with similar anatomical features to human liver can be used as a reference for monitoring transplanted islets after clinical islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Soo Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Graduate School, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Du Yeon Shin
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Graduate School, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sin Lee
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojun Park
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.,GenNBio Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Won Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Mo Yang
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.,GenNBio Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joo Kim
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.,GenNBio Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Graduate School, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
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62
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Hadavi E, Leijten J, Engelse M, de Koning E, Jonkheijm P, Karperien M, van Apeldoorn A. Microwell Scaffolds Using Collagen-IV and Laminin-111 Lead to Improved Insulin Secretion of Human Islets. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 25:71-81. [PMID: 30632461 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT This research deals with finding a proper bioengineering strategy to improve the outcome of islets transplantation for treatment of type 1 diabetes. It is focused on the mimicking of islet extracellular matrix niche in microwell islet delivery devices to improve their endocrine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Hadavi
- 1 Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- 1 Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marten Engelse
- 2 Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco de Koning
- 2 Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,3 Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- 4 Bioinspired Molecular Engineering Laboratory and Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- 1 Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Aart van Apeldoorn
- 1 Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,5 Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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63
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Anitha R, Vaikkath D, Shenoy SJ, Nair PD. Tissue-engineered islet-like cell clusters generated from adipose tissue-derived stem cells on three-dimensional electrospun scaffolds can reverse diabetes in an experimental rat model and the role of porosity of scaffolds on cluster differentiation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:749-759. [PMID: 31788956 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous scaffolds with pore sizes in the range of 24-250 μm and 24-190 μm were fabricated via a two-step electrospinning method to overcome the limitation of obtaining three-dimensionality with large pore sizes for islet culture using conventional electrospinning. The scaffolds supported the growth and differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to islet-like clusters (ILCs). The pore size of the scaffolds was found to influence the cluster size, viability and insulin release of the differentiated islets. Hence, islet clusters of the desired size could be developed for transplantation to overcome the loss of bigger islets due to hypoxia which adversely impacts the outcome of transplantation. The tissue-engineered constructs with ILC diameter of 50 μm reduced glycemic value within 3-4 weeks after implantation in the omental pouch of diabetic rats. Detection of insulin in the serum of implanted rats demonstrates that the tissue-engineered construct is efficient to control hyperglycemia. Our findings prove that the 3D architecture and pore size of scaffolds regulates the morphology and size of islets during differentiation which is critical in the survival and function of ILCs in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Anitha
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - Dhanesh Vaikkath
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - Sachin J Shenoy
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - Prabha D Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kerala, India
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64
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Toda S, Fattah A, Asawa K, Nakamura N, N. Ekdahl K, Nilsson B, Teramura Y. Optimization of Islet Microencapsulation with Thin Polymer Membranes for Long-Term Stability. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10110755. [PMID: 31698737 PMCID: PMC6915491 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microencapsulation of islets can protect against immune reactions from the host immune system after transplantation. However, sufficient numbers of islets cannot be transplanted due to the increase of the size and total volume. Therefore, thin and stable polymer membranes are required for the microencapsulation. Here, we undertook the cell microencapsulation using poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated phospholipid (PEG-lipid) and layer-by-layer membrane of multiple-arm PEG. In order to examine the membrane stability, we used different molecular weights of 4-arm PEG (10k, 20k and 40k)-Mal to examine the influence on the polymer membrane stability. We found that the polymer membrane made of 4-arm PEG(40k)-Mal showed the highest stability on the cell surface. Also, the polymer membrane did not disturb the insulin secretion from beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Toda
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan; (S.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Artin Fattah
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.F.); (K.N.E.); (B.N.)
| | - Kenta Asawa
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;
| | - Naoko Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan; (S.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Kristina N. Ekdahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.F.); (K.N.E.); (B.N.)
- Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.F.); (K.N.E.); (B.N.)
| | - Yuji Teramura
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.F.); (K.N.E.); (B.N.)
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5841-1174
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65
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Jun Y, Lee J, Choi S, Yang JH, Sander M, Chung S, Lee SH. In vivo-mimicking microfluidic perfusion culture of pancreatic islet spheroids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax4520. [PMID: 31807701 PMCID: PMC6881167 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax4520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Native pancreatic islets interact with neighboring cells by establishing three-dimensional (3D) structures, and are surrounded by perfusion at an interstitial flow level. However, flow effects are generally ignored in islet culture models, although cell perfusion is known to improve the cell microenvironment and to mimic in vivo physiology better than static culture systems. Here, we have developed functional islet spheroids using a microfluidic chip that mimics interstitial flow conditions with reduced shear cell damage. Dynamic culture, compared to static culture, enhanced islet health and maintenance of islet endothelial cells, reconstituting the main component of islet extracellular matrix within spheroids. Optimized flow condition allowed localization of secreted soluble factors near spheroids, facilitating diffusion-mediated paracrine interactions within islets, and enabled long-term maintenance of islet morphology and function for a month. The proposed model can aid islet preconditioning before transplantation and has potential applications as an in vitro model for diabetic drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesl Jun
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeSeo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkyun Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hun Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Next & Bio Inc., Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Maike Sander
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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66
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Chen YJ, Yamazoe T, Leavens KF, Cardenas-Diaz FL, Georgescu A, Huh D, Gadue P, Stanger BZ. iPreP is a three-dimensional nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel platform for long-term ex vivo preservation of human islets. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124644. [PMID: 31672937 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is an effective therapy for achieving and maintaining normoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, the supply of transplantable human islets is limited. Upon removal from the pancreas, islets rapidly disintegrate and lose function, resulting in a short interval for studies of islet biology and pretransplantation assessment. Here, we developed a biomimetic platform that can sustain human islet physiology for a prolonged period ex vivo. Our approach involved the creation of a multichannel perifusion system to monitor dynamic insulin secretion and intracellular calcium flux simultaneously, enabling the systematic evaluation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion under multiple conditions. Using this tool, we developed a nanofibrillar cellulose hydrogel-based islet-preserving platform (iPreP) that can preserve islet viability, morphology, and function for nearly 12 weeks ex vivo, and with the ability to ameliorate glucose levels upon transplantation into diabetic hosts. Our platform has potential applications in the prolonged maintenance of human islets, providing an expanded time window for pretransplantation assessment and islet studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Chen
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Genetic Resource Science, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | | | - Karla F Leavens
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fabian L Cardenas-Diaz
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Andrei Georgescu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dongeun Huh
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Ben Z Stanger
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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67
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Sokolova M, Ranheim T, Louwe MC, Halvorsen B, Yndestad A, Aukrust P. NLRP3 Inflammasome: A Novel Player in Metabolically Induced Inflammation-Potential Influence on the Myocardium. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 74:276-284. [PMID: 31584530 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic and immune systems are among the most fundamental requirements for survival. Many metabolic and immune response pathways or nutrient- and pathogen-sensing systems are evolutionarily conserved throughout species. As a result, the immune response and metabolic regulation are highly integrated and the proper function of each is dependent on the other. This interaction between metabolic disturbances and the immune system has been most extensively studied in disorders related to obesity such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolically induced inflammation seems also to play a role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis including its complications such as myocardial infarction (MI) and post-MI remodeling. There are several lines of evidence suggesting that NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a sensor of metabolic stress linking metabolic disturbances to inflammation. Here, we will discuss the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes, 2 important risk factors for atherosclerosis and MI. We will also discuss the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the interaction between metabolic disturbances and myocardial inflammation during MI and during metabolically induced myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sokolova
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Ranheim
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mieke C Louwe
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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68
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Youngblood RL, Sampson JP, Lebioda KR, Shea LD. Microporous scaffolds support assembly and differentiation of pancreatic progenitors into β-cell clusters. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:111-122. [PMID: 31247380 PMCID: PMC6717676 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a promising cell source for the development of β-cells for use in therapies for type 1 diabetes. Current culture approaches provide signals to mimic a temporal control of organogenesis to drive the differentiation towards β-cells. However, spatial control may represent an opportunity to improve the efficiency and manufacturing of β-cells. Herein, we adapted the current culture systems to microporous biomaterials with the hypothesis that the pores can guide the assembly of pancreatic progenitors into clusters of defined size that can influence maturation. The scaffold culture allowed hPSC-derived pancreatic progenitors to form clusters at a consistent size as cells differentiated. By modulating the scaffold pore sizes, we observed 250-425 µm pore size scaffold cultures augmented insulin expression and key β-cell maturation markers compared to cells cultured in suspension. Furthermore, when compared to suspension cultures, the scaffold culture showed increased insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulus indicating the development of functional β-cells. In addition, scaffolds facilitated cell-cell interactions enabled by the scaffold design and supported cell-mediated matrix deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins associated with the basement membrane of islet cells. We further investigated the influence of ECM on cell development by incorporating an ECM matrix on the scaffold prior to cell seeding; however, their presence did not further enhance maturation. These results suggest the microporous scaffold culture provides a conducive environment that drives in vitro differentiation of hPSC-derived insulin-producing glucose-responsive β-cells and demonstrates the feasibility of these scaffolds as a biomanufacturing platform. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cell therapy for diabetes is a promising strategy, yet generating limitless insulin-producing mature β-cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) remains a challenge. Current hPSC differentiation methods involve media containing signals to drive maturation toward β-cells and spontaneous cluster formation. Herein, we sought to provide spatial cues to guide assembly of cells into 3D structures by culture within the pores of a microporous scaffold. The scaffolds direct cell-cell interactions within the pores and provide a support for cell-mediated matrix deposition that collectively creates a niche to promote functional hPSC-derived β-cell clusters. These scaffolds for 3D culture may contribute to hPSC differentiation methods for the generation of β-cells that can treat patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Youngblood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joshua P Sampson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kimberly R Lebioda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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69
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Kim JH, Park BG, Kim SK, Lee DH, Lee GG, Kim DH, Choi BO, Lee KB, Kim JH. Nanotopographical regulation of pancreatic islet-like cluster formation from human pluripotent stem cells using a gradient-pattern chip. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:337-347. [PMID: 30529081 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineering approaches to regulate stem cell fates aim to recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment. In recent years, manipulating the micro- and nano-scale topography of the stem cell niche has gained considerable interest for the purposes of controlling extrinsic mechanical cues to regulate stem cell fate and behavior in vitro. Here, we established an optimal nanotopographical system to improve 3-dimensional (3D) differentiation of pancreatic cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) by testing gradient-pattern chips of nano-scale polystyrene surface structures with varying sizes and shapes. The optimal conditions for 3D differentiation of pancreatic cells were identified by assessing the expression of developmental regulators that are required for pancreatic islet development and maturation. Our results showed that the gradient chip of pore-part 2 (Po-2, 200-300 nm diameter) pattern was the most efficient setting to generate clusters of pancreatic endocrine progenitors (PDX1+ and NGN3+) compared to those of other pore diameters (Po-1, 100-200 or Po-3, 300-400 nm) tested across a range of pillar patterns and flat surfaces. Furthermore, the Po-2 gradient pattern-derived clusters generated islet-like 3D spheroids and tested positive for the zinc-chelating dye dithizone. The spheroids consisted of more than 30% CD200 + endocrine cells and also expressed NKX6.1 and NKX2.2. In addition, pancreatic β- cells expressing insulin and polyhormonal cells expressing both insulin and glucagon were obtained at the final stage of pancreatic differentiation. In conclusion, our data suggest that an optimal topographical structure for differentiation to specific cell types from hPSCs can be tested efficiently by using gradient-pattern chips designed with varying sizes and surfaces. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Our study provides demonstrates of using gradient nanopatterned chips for differentiation of pancreatic islet-like clusters. Gradient nanopatterned chips are consisted of two different shapes (nanopillar and nanopore) in three different ranges of nano sizes (100-200, 200-300, 300-400 nm). We found that optimal nanostructures for differentiation of pancreatic islet-like clusters were 200-300 nm nano pores. Cell transplantation is one of the major therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) using stem cell-derived β-like cells. We generated 50 um pancreatic islet-like clusters in size, which would be an optimal size for cell transplantation. Futuremore, the small clusters provide a powerful source for cell therapy. Our findings suggest gradient nanopatterned chip provides a powerful tool to generate specific functional cell types of a high purity for potential uses in cell therapy development.
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70
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Bowers DT, Song W, Wang LH, Ma M. Engineering the vasculature for islet transplantation. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:131-151. [PMID: 31128322 PMCID: PMC6824722 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The microvasculature in the pancreatic islet is highly specialized for glucose sensing and insulin secretion. Although pancreatic islet transplantation is a potentially life-changing treatment for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, a lack of blood perfusion reduces viability and function of newly transplanted tissues. Functional vasculature around an implant is not only necessary for the supply of oxygen and nutrients but also required for rapid insulin release kinetics and removal of metabolic waste. Inadequate vascularization is particularly a challenge in islet encapsulation. Selectively permeable membranes increase the barrier to diffusion and often elicit a foreign body reaction including a fibrotic capsule that is not well vascularized. Therefore, approaches that aid in the rapid formation of a mature and robust vasculature in close proximity to the transplanted cells are crucial for successful islet transplantation or other cellular therapies. In this paper, we review various strategies to engineer vasculature for islet transplantation. We consider properties of materials (both synthetic and naturally derived), prevascularization, local release of proangiogenic factors, and co-transplantation of vascular cells that have all been harnessed to increase vasculature. We then discuss the various other challenges in engineering mature, long-term functional and clinically viable vasculature as well as some emerging technologies developed to address them. The benefits of physiological glucose control for patients and the healthcare system demand vigorous pursuit of solutions to cell transplant challenges. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Insulin-dependent diabetes affects more than 1.25 million people in the United States alone. Pancreatic islets secrete insulin and other endocrine hormones that control glucose to normal levels. During preparation for transplantation, the specialized islet blood vessel supply is lost. Furthermore, in the case of cell encapsulation, cells are protected within a device, further limiting delivery of nutrients and absorption of hormones. To overcome these issues, this review considers methods to rapidly vascularize sites and implants through material properties, pre-vascularization, delivery of growth factors, or co-transplantation of vessel supporting cells. Other challenges and emerging technologies are also discussed. Proper vascular growth is a significant component of successful islet transplantation, a treatment that can provide life-changing benefits to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Bowers
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Long-Hai Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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71
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Lorza-Gil E, Gerst F, Oquendo MB, Deschl U, Häring HU, Beilmann M, Ullrich S. Glucose, adrenaline and palmitate antagonistically regulate insulin and glucagon secretion in human pseudoislets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10261. [PMID: 31311971 PMCID: PMC6635387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated human islets do not always meet the quality standards required for transplant survival and reliable functional in vitro studies. The formation of pseudoislets, i.e. the reaggregation of a defined number of islet cells after dissociation, improves insulin secretion. We present a simple method of pseudoislet formation from human islet cells and assess the transcriptome and function of isolated human islets and pseudoislets from the same organ donors. Following pseudoislet formation, insulin content/DNA and mRNA/RPS13 resembled that of islets. In pseudoislets, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was significantly higher (8–13-fold) than in islets (2–4-fold). GSIS of pseudoislets was partly inhibited by the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) antagonist exendin-9. The stimulatory effects of palmitate and forskolin at 12 mM glucose were also significantly higher in pseudoislets than in islets. Further analysis of pseudoislets revealed that regulation of secretion and insulin and glucagon content was maintained over a longer culture period (6–14 d). While adrenaline inhibited GSIS, adrenaline together with palmitate stimulated glucagon secretion 2-fold at low glucose, an effect suppressed by high glucose. Transcriptome analysis revealed that, unlike islets, pseudoislets were deprived of exocrine and endothelial cells. In conclusion, pseudoislet formation restores functional integrity of human islet cells and allows long-term in vitro testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela Lorza-Gil
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany.,University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felicia Gerst
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany.,University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Morgana Barroso Oquendo
- University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Deschl
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Nonclinical Drug Safety, Biberach, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany.,University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mario Beilmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Nonclinical Drug Safety, Biberach, Germany
| | - Susanne Ullrich
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany. .,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany. .,University Hospital Tübingen, Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Tübingen, Germany.
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72
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Engineering human stellate cells for beta cell replacement therapy promotes in vivo recruitment of regulatory T cells. Mater Today Bio 2019; 2:100006. [PMID: 32159143 PMCID: PMC7061575 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2019.100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of pancreatic β cells. One of the promising therapeutic approaches in T1D is the transplantation of islets; however, it has serious limitations. To address these limitations, immunotherapeutic strategies have focused on restoring immunologic tolerance, preventing transplanted cell destruction by patients’ own immune system. Macrophage-derived chemokines such as chemokine-ligand-22 (CCL22) can be utilized for regulatory T cell (Treg) recruitment and graft tolerance. Stellate cells (SCs) have various immunomodulatory functions: recruitment of Tregs and induction of T-cell apoptosis. Here, we designed a unique immune-privileged microenvironment around implantable islets through overexpression of CCL22 proteins by SCs. We prepared pseudoislets with insulin-secreting mouse insulinoma-6 (MIN6) cells and human SCs as a model to mimic naive islet morphology. Our results demonstrated that transduced SCs can secrete CCL22 and recruit Tregs toward the implantation site in vivo. This study is promising to provide a fundamental understanding of SC-islet interaction and ligand synthesis and transport from SCs at the graft site for ensuring local immune tolerance. Our results also establish a new paradigm for creating tolerable grafts for other chronic diseases such as diabetes, anemia, and central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and advance the science of graft tolerance.
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73
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Cao R, Avgoustiniatos E, Papas K, de Vos P, Lakey JRT. Mathematical predictions of oxygen availability in micro- and macro-encapsulated human and porcine pancreatic islets. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:343-352. [PMID: 31013399 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Optimal function of immunoisolated islets requires adequate supply of oxygen to metabolically active insulin producing beta-cells. Using mathematical modeling, we investigated the influence of the pO2 on islet insulin secretory capacity and evaluated conditions that could lead to the development of tissue anoxia, modeled for a 300 μm islet in a 500 μm microcapsule or a 500 μm planar, slab-shaped macrocapsule. The pO2 was used to assess the part of islets that contributed to insulin secretion. Assuming a 500 μm macrocapsule with a 300 μm islet, with oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of 100-300 nmol min-1 mg-1 DNA, islets did not develop any necrotic core. The nonfunctional zone (with no insulin secretion if pO2 < 0.1 mmHg) was 0.3% for human islets (OCR ~100 nmol/min/mg DNA) and 35% for porcine islets (OCR ~300 nmol/min/mg DNA). The OCR of the islet preparation is profoundly affected by islet size, with optimal size of <250 μm in diameter (human) or <150 μm (porcine). Our data suggest that microcapsules afford superior oxygen delivery to encapsulated islets than macrocapsules, and optimal islet function can be achieved by encapsulating multiple, small (<150 μm) islets with OCR of ~100 nmol min-1 mg-1 DNA (human islets) or ~200 nmol min-1 mg-1 DNA (porcine islets).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cao
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | | | - Klearchos Papas
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Paul de Vos
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Immuno-Endocrinology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan R T Lakey
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California
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Abstract
Background It has been proposed that islet transplants comprised primarily of small rather than large islets may provide better graft function, due to their lower susceptibility to hypoxic damage. Our aim was to determine whether islet size correlated with in vivo graft function in islet transplant recipients with C peptide–negative type 1 diabetes when islets have undergone pretransplant islet culture. Methods Human pancreatic islets were isolated, cultured for 24 hours and infused by standardized protocols. Ninety-minute stimulated C-peptide concentrations were determined during a standard meal tolerance test 3 months posttransplant. The islet isolation index (IEq/islet number) was determined immediately after isolation and again before transplantation (after tissue culture). This was correlated with patient insulin requirement or stimulated C-peptide. Results Changes in insulin requirement did not significantly correlate with islet isolation index. Stimulated C-peptide correlated weakly with IEq at isolation (P = 0.40) and significantly with IEq at transplantation (P = 0.018). Stimulated C-peptide correlated with islet number at isolation (P = 0.013) and more strongly with the islet number at transplantation (P = 0.001). In contrast, the correlation of stimulated C-peptide and islet isolation index was weaker (P = 0.018), and this was poorer at transplantation (P = 0.034). Using linear regression, the strongest association with graft function was islet number (r = 0.722, P = 0.001). Islet size was not related to graft function after adjusting for islet volume or number. Conclusions These data show no clear correlation between islet isolation index and graft function; both small and large islets are suitable for transplantation, provided the islets have survived a short culture period postisolation. By analyzing the insulin requirements from 25 islet transplantation recipients, Hughes et al determined the strongest association with graft function was islet number while islet size was not related to graft function after adjusting for islet volume or number.
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75
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Preliminary Studies of the Impact of CXCL12 on the Foreign Body Reaction to Pancreatic Islets Microencapsulated in Alginate in Nonhuman Primates. Transplant Direct 2019; 5:e447. [PMID: 31165082 PMCID: PMC6511446 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background. We previously demonstrated that the incorporation of the chemokine CXCL12 into alginate microbeads supported long-term survival of microencapsulated auto-, allo-, and xenogeneic islets in murine models of diabetes without systemic immune suppression. The purpose of this study was to test whether CXCL12 could abrogate foreign body responses (FBRs) against alginate microbeads which were empty or contained autologous islets in healthy nonhuman primates (NHPs; n = 4). Methods. Two NHPs received intraperitoneal implants of 400 000 alginate microbeads with or without CXCL12, and postimplantation immunological and histopathological changes were evaluated up to 6 months postimplantation. A similar evaluation of autologous islets in CXCL12-containing alginate microbeads was performed in NHPs (n = 2). Results. CXCL12-containing alginate microbeads were associated with a markedly reduced FBR to microbeads. Host responses to microbead implants were minimal, as assessed by clinical observations, blood counts, and chemistry. Evaluation of encapsulated islets was limited by the development of necrotizing pancreatitis after hemipancreatectomy in 1 NHP. A limited number of functioning islets were detectable at 6 months posttransplantation in the second NHP. In general, empty microbeads or islet-containing beads were found to be evenly distributed through the intraperitoneal cavity and did not accumulate in the Pouch of Douglas. Conclusions. Inclusion of CXCL12 in alginate microbeads minimized localized FBR. The NHP autologous islet implant model had limited utility for excluding inflammatory/immune responses to implanted islets because of the complexity of pancreatic surgery (hemipancreatectomy) before transplantation and the need to microencapsulate and transplant encapsulated autologous islets immediately after pancreatectomy and islet isolation.
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76
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Duin S, Schütz K, Ahlfeld T, Lehmann S, Lode A, Ludwig B, Gelinsky M. 3D Bioprinting of Functional Islets of Langerhans in an Alginate/Methylcellulose Hydrogel Blend. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801631. [PMID: 30835971 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of pancreatic islets is a promising strategy to alleviate the unstable blood-glucose control that some patients with diabetes type 1 exhibit and has seen many advances over the years. Protection of transplanted islets from the immune system can be accomplished by encapsulation within a hydrogel, the most investigated of which is alginate. In this study, islet encapsulation is combined with 3D extrusion bioprinting, an additive manufacturing method which enables the fabrication of 3D structures with a precise geometry to produce macroporous hydrogel constructs with embedded islets. Using a plottable hydrogel blend consisting of clinically approved ultrapure alginate and methylcellulose (Alg/MC) enables encapsulating pancreatic islets in macroporous 3D hydrogel constructs of defined geometry while retaining their viability, morphology, and functionality. Diffusion of glucose and insulin in the Alg/MC hydrogel is comparable to diffusion in plain alginate; the embedded islets continuously produce insulin and glucagon throughout the observation and still react to glucose stimulation albeit to a lesser degree than control islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Duin
- Centre for Translational BoneJoint and Soft Tissue ResearchUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universität Dresden Fetscherstr. 74 01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Kathleen Schütz
- Centre for Translational BoneJoint and Soft Tissue ResearchUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universität Dresden Fetscherstr. 74 01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Tilman Ahlfeld
- Centre for Translational BoneJoint and Soft Tissue ResearchUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universität Dresden Fetscherstr. 74 01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Susann Lehmann
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Centre Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden and German Centre for Diabetes Research Dresden, Tatzberg 47‐49 01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational BoneJoint and Soft Tissue ResearchUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universität Dresden Fetscherstr. 74 01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Barbara Ludwig
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Centre Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden and German Centre for Diabetes Research Dresden, Tatzberg 47‐49 01307 Dresden Germany
- Department of Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav CarusTechnische Universität Dresden Fetscherstraße 74 01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational BoneJoint and Soft Tissue ResearchUniversity Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of Technische Universität Dresden Fetscherstr. 74 01307 Dresden Germany
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Henquin JC. Influence of organ donor attributes and preparation characteristics on the dynamics of insulin secretion in isolated human islets. Physiol Rep 2019. [PMID: 29536672 PMCID: PMC5849575 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies of human pancreatic islets are critical for understanding normal insulin secretion and its perturbations in diabetic β-cells, but the influence of islet preparation characteristics and organ donor attributes in such experiments is poorly documented. Preparations from normal donors were tested with a standardized protocol evaluating dynamic insulin secretion induced by glucose, tolbutamide, and cAMP (forskolin). Secretion rates, normalized to insulin content (fractional insulin secretion), were analyzed as a function of preparation and donor characteristics. Low purity (25-45%) of the preparation (n = 8) blunted the first phase of insulin secretion induced by glucose or tolbutamide and increased basal secretion, resulting in threefold lower stimulation index than in more pure (55-95%) preparations (n = 43). In these more pure preparations, cold ischemia time (1-13 h) before pancreas digestion did not impact insulin secretion. Islet size (estimated by the islet size index) did not influence the dynamics of secretion, but fractional insulin secretion rates were greater in large than small islets, and positively correlated with islet size. Age of the donors (20-68 years) had no influence on islet size and insulin content or on dynamics and amplitude of insulin secretion, which were also similar in islets from male and female donors. In contrast, islet size and islet insulin content (normalized for size), and basal or stimulated insulin secretion positively correlated with Body-Mass Index (19-33). These results contradict previous reports on the impact of donor age and islet size and point to possible confounding effects of donor BMI in insulin secretion studies with isolated human islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Henquin
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Nair GG, Liu JS, Russ HA, Tran S, Saxton MS, Chen R, Juang C, Li ML, Nguyen VQ, Giacometti S, Puri S, Xing Y, Wang Y, Szot GL, Oberholzer J, Bhushan A, Hebrok M. Recapitulating endocrine cell clustering in culture promotes maturation of human stem-cell-derived β cells. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:263-274. [PMID: 30710150 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in the differentiation of insulin-producing cells from human embryonic stem cells, the generation of mature functional β cells in vitro has remained elusive. To accomplish this goal, we have developed cell culture conditions to closely mimic events occurring during pancreatic islet organogenesis and β cell maturation. In particular, we have focused on recapitulating endocrine cell clustering by isolating and reaggregating immature β-like cells to form islet-sized enriched β-clusters (eBCs). eBCs display physiological properties analogous to primary human β cells, including robust dynamic insulin secretion, increased calcium signalling in response to secretagogues, and improved mitochondrial energization. Notably, endocrine cell clustering induces metabolic maturation by driving mitochondrial oxidative respiration, a process central to stimulus-secretion coupling in mature β cells. eBCs display glucose-stimulated insulin secretion as early as three days after transplantation in mice. In summary, replicating aspects of endocrine cell clustering permits the generation of stem-cell-derived β cells that resemble their endogenous counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika G Nair
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Liu
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Holger A Russ
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stella Tran
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Saxton
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard Chen
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charity Juang
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mei-Lan Li
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vinh Q Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Simone Giacometti
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sapna Puri
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Xing
- Department of Surgery/Division of Transplantation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Surgery/Division of Transplantation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gregory L Szot
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jose Oberholzer
- Department of Surgery/Division of Transplantation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anil Bhushan
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Oxygenation strategies for encapsulated islet and beta cell transplants. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 139:139-156. [PMID: 31077781 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human allogeneic islet transplantation (ITx) is emerging as a promising treatment option for qualified patients with type 1 diabetes. However, widespread clinical application of allogeneic ITx is hindered by two critical barriers: the need for systemic immunosuppression and the limited supply of human islet tissue. Biocompatible, retrievable immunoisolation devices containing glucose-responsive insulin-secreting tissue may address both critical barriers by enabling the more effective and efficient use of allogeneic islets without immunosuppression in the near-term, and ultimately the use of a cell source with a virtually unlimited supply, such as human stem cell-derived β-cells or xenogeneic (porcine) islets with minimal or no immunosuppression. However, even though encapsulation methods have been developed and immunoprotection has been successfully tested in small and large animal models and to a limited extent in proof-of-concept clinical studies, the effective use of encapsulation approaches to convincingly and consistently treat diabetes in humans has yet to be demonstrated. There is increasing consensus that inadequate oxygen supply is a major factor limiting their clinical translation and routine implementation. Poor oxygenation negatively affects cell viability and β-cell function, and the problem is exacerbated with the high-density seeding required for reasonably-sized clinical encapsulation devices. Approaches for enhanced oxygen delivery to encapsulated tissues in implantable devices are therefore being actively developed and tested. This review summarizes fundamental aspects of islet microarchitecture and β-cell physiology as well as encapsulation approaches highlighting the need for adequate oxygenation; it also evaluates existing and emerging approaches for enhanced oxygen delivery to encapsulation devices, particularly with the advent of β-cell sources from stem cells that may enable the large-scale application of this approach.
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80
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Komatsu H, Cook CA, Gonzalez N, Medrano L, Salgado M, Sui F, Li J, Kandeel F, Mullen Y, Tai YC. Oxygen transporter for the hypoxic transplantation site. Biofabrication 2018; 11:015011. [PMID: 30524058 PMCID: PMC9851375 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaf2f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell transplantation is a promising treatment for complementing lost function by replacing new cells with a desired function, e.g. pancreatic islet transplantation for diabetics. To prevent cell obliteration, oxygen supply is critical after transplantation, especially until the graft is sufficiently re-vascularized. To supply oxygen during this period, we developed a chemical-/electrical-free implantable oxygen transporter that delivers oxygen to the hypoxic graft site from ambient air by diffusion potential. This device is simply structured using a biocompatible silicone-based body that holds islets, connected to a tube that opens outside the body. In computational simulations, the oxygen transporter increased the oxygen level to >120 mmHg within grafts; in contrast, a control device that did not transport oxygen showed <6.5 mmHg. In vitro experiments demonstrated similar results. To test the effectiveness of the oxygen transporter in vivo, we transplanted pancreatic islets, which are susceptible to hypoxia, subcutaneously into diabetic rats. Islets transplanted using the oxygen transporter showed improved graft viability and cellular function over the control device. These results indicate that our oxygen transporter, which is safe and easily fabricated, effectively supplies oxygen locally. Such a device would be suitable for multiple clinical applications, including cell transplantations that require changing a hypoxic microenvironment into an oxygen-rich site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Komatsu
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA.,Corresponding author: Hirotake Komatsu,
| | - Colin A. Cook
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 136-93, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Nelson Gonzalez
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Leonard Medrano
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mayra Salgado
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Feng Sui
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yoko Mullen
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yu-Chong Tai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 136-93, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Hadavi E, Leijten J, Brinkmann J, Jonkheijm P, Karperien M, van Apeldoorn A. Fibronectin and Collagen IV Microcontact Printing Improves Insulin Secretion by INS1E Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:628-636. [PMID: 30306836 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT This research deals with finding a proper bioengineering strategy for the creation of improved β-cell replacement therapy in type 1 diabetes. It specifically deals with the microenvironment of β-cells and its relationship to their endocrine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Hadavi
- 1 Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- 1 Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Brinkmann
- 2 MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecular Nanofabrication Group, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- 2 MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecular Nanofabrication Group, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- 1 Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Aart van Apeldoorn
- 1 Department of Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands .,3 Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Transgenerational effects of maternal bisphenol: a exposure on offspring metabolic health. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 10:164-175. [PMID: 30362448 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) is ubiquitous and associated with health abnormalities that persist in subsequent generations. However, transgenerational effects of BPA on metabolic health are not widely studied. In a maternal C57BL/6J mice (F0) exposure model using BPA doses that are relevant to human exposure levels (10 μg/kg/day, LowerB; 10 mg/kg/day, UpperB), we showed male- and dose-specific effects on pancreatic islets of the first (F1) and second generation (F2) offspring relative to controls (7% corn oil diet; control). In this study, we determined the transgenerational effects (F3) of BPA on metabolic health and pancreatic islets in our model. Adult F3 LowerB and UpperB male offspring had increased body weight relative to Controls, however glucose tolerance was similar in the three groups. F3 LowerB, but not UpperB, males had reduced β-cell mass and smaller islets which was associated with increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Similar to F1 and F2 BPA male offspring, staining for markers of T-cells and macrophages (CD3 and F4/80) was increased in pancreas of F3 LowerB and UpperB male offspring, which was associated with changes in cytokine levels. In contrast to F3 BPA males, LowerB and UpperB female offspring had comparable body weight, glucose tolerance and insulin secretion as Controls. Thus, maternal BPA exposure resulted in fewer metabolic defects in F3 than F1 and F2 offspring, and these were sex- and dose-specific.
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Taddeo EP, Stiles L, Sereda S, Ritou E, Wolf DM, Abdullah M, Swanson Z, Wilhelm J, Bellin M, McDonald P, Caradonna K, Neilson A, Liesa M, Shirihai OS. Individual islet respirometry reveals functional diversity within the islet population of mice and human donors. Mol Metab 2018; 16:150-159. [PMID: 30098928 PMCID: PMC6157638 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Islets from the same pancreas show remarkable variability in glucose sensitivity. While mitochondrial respiration is essential for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, little is known regarding heterogeneity in mitochondrial function at the individual islet level. This is due in part to a lack of high-throughput and non-invasive methods for detecting single islet function. METHODS We have developed a novel non-invasive, high-throughput methodology capable of assessing mitochondrial respiration in large-sized individual islets using the XF96 analyzer (Agilent Technologies). RESULTS By increasing measurement sensitivity, we have reduced the minimal size of mouse and human islets needed to assess mitochondrial respiration to single large islets of >35,000 μm2 area (∼210 μm diameter). In addition, we have measured heterogeneous glucose-stimulated mitochondrial respiration among individual human and mouse islets from the same pancreas, allowing population analyses of islet mitochondrial function for the first time. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a novel methodology capable of analyzing mitochondrial function in large-sized individual islets. By highlighting islet functional heterogeneity, we hope this methodology can significantly advance islet research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P Taddeo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Center for Health Sciences, 650 Charles E. Young St., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Center for Health Sciences, 650 Charles E. Young St., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samuel Sereda
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management Section, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St., Room 840, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Eleni Ritou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Center for Health Sciences, 650 Charles E. Young St., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dane M Wolf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Center for Health Sciences, 650 Charles E. Young St., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Muhamad Abdullah
- Department of Surgery and Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zachary Swanson
- Department of Surgery and Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Josh Wilhelm
- Department of Surgery and Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Melena Bellin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Patrick McDonald
- Center for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | | | | | - Marc Liesa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Center for Health Sciences, 650 Charles E. Young St., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Center for Health Sciences, 650 Charles E. Young St., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management Section, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St., Room 840, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Yu Y, Gamble A, Pawlick R, Pepper AR, Salama B, Toms D, Razian G, Ellis C, Bruni A, Gala-Lopez B, Lu JL, Vovko H, Chiu C, Abdo S, Kin T, Korbutt G, Shapiro AMJ, Ungrin M. Bioengineered human pseudoislets form efficiently from donated tissue, compare favourably with native islets in vitro and restore normoglycaemia in mice. Diabetologia 2018; 61:2016-2029. [PMID: 29971529 PMCID: PMC6096633 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Islet transplantation is a treatment option that can help individuals with type 1 diabetes become insulin independent, but inefficient oxygen and nutrient delivery can hamper islet survival and engraftment due to the size of the islets and loss of the native microvasculature. We hypothesised that size-controlled pseudoislets engineered via centrifugal-forced-aggregation (CFA-PI) in a platform we previously developed would compare favourably with native islets, even after taking into account cell loss during the process. METHODS Human islets were dissociated and reaggregated into uniform, size-controlled CFA-PI in our microwell system. Their performance was assessed in vitro and in vivo over a range of sizes, and compared with that of unmodified native islets, as well as islet cell clusters formed by a conventional spontaneous aggregation approach (in which dissociated islet cells are cultured on ultra-low-attachment plates). In vitro studies included assays for membrane integrity, apoptosis, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assay and total DNA content. In vivo efficacy was determined by transplantation under the kidney capsule of streptozotocin-treated Rag1-/- mice, with non-fasting blood glucose monitoring three times per week and IPGTT at day 60 for glucose response. A recovery nephrectomy, removing the graft, was conducted to confirm efficacy after completing the IPGTT. Architecture and composition were analysed by histological assessment via insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, CD31 and von Willebrand factor staining. RESULTS CFA-PI exhibit markedly increased uniformity over native islets, as well as substantially improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (8.8-fold to 11.1-fold, even after taking cell loss into account) and hypoxia tolerance. In vivo, CFA-PI function similarly to (and potentially better than) native islets in reversing hyperglycaemia (55.6% for CFA-PI vs 20.0% for native islets at 500 islet equivalents [IEQ], and 77.8% for CFA-PI vs 55.6% for native islets at 1000 IEQ), and significantly better than spontaneously aggregated control cells (55.6% for CFA-PI vs 0% for spontaneous aggregation at 500 IEQ, and 77.8% CFA-PI vs 33.4% for spontaneous aggregation at 1000 IEQ; p < 0.05). Glucose clearance in the CFA-PI groups was improved over that in the native islet groups (CFA-PI 18.1 mmol/l vs native islets 29.7 mmol/l at 60 min; p < 0.05) to the point where they were comparable with the non-transplanted naive normoglycaemic control mice at a low IEQ of 500 IEQ (17.2 mmol/l at 60 min). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The ability to efficiently reformat dissociated islet cells into engineered pseudoislets with improved properties has high potential for both research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anissa Gamble
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rena Pawlick
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew R Pepper
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bassem Salama
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Derek Toms
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Heritage Medical Research Building Room 412, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Golsa Razian
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Heritage Medical Research Building Room 412, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Cara Ellis
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Antonio Bruni
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Boris Gala-Lopez
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jia Lulu Lu
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Heritage Medical Research Building Room 412, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Heather Vovko
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Heritage Medical Research Building Room 412, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Cecilia Chiu
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Heritage Medical Research Building Room 412, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shaaban Abdo
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Heritage Medical Research Building Room 412, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Greg Korbutt
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Canadian National Transplant Research Program, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mark Ungrin
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Heritage Medical Research Building Room 412, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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85
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Sigmundsson K, Ojala JR, Öhman MK, Österholm AM, Moreno-Moral A, Domogatskaya A, Chong LY, Sun Y, Chai X, Steele JA, George B, Patarroyo M, Nilsson AS, Rodin S, Ghosh S, Stevens MM, Petretto E, Tryggvason K. Culturing functional pancreatic islets on α5-laminins and curative transplantation to diabetic mice. Matrix Biol 2018; 70:5-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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86
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Huang HH, Harrington S, Stehno-Bittel L. The Flaws and Future of Islet Volume Measurements. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1017-1026. [PMID: 29954219 PMCID: PMC6158542 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718779898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
When working with isolated islet preparations, measuring the volume of tissue is not a trivial matter. Islets come in a large range of sizes and are often contaminated with exocrine tissue. Many factors complicate the procedure, and yet knowledge of the islet volume is essential for predicting the success of an islet transplant or comparing experimental groups in the laboratory. In 1990, Ricordi presented the islet equivalency (IEQ), defined as one IEQ equaling a single spherical islet of 150 μm in diameter. The method for estimating IEQ was developed by visualizing islets in a microscope, estimating their diameter in 50 μm categories and calculating a total volume for the preparation. Shortly after its introduction, the IEQ was adopted as the standard method for islet volume measurements. It has helped to advance research in the field by providing a useful tool improving the reproducibility of islet research and eventually the success of clinical islet transplants. However, the accuracy of the IEQ method has been questioned for years and many alternatives have been proposed, but none have been able to replace the widespread use of the IEQ. This article reviews the history of the IEQ, and discusses the benefits and failings of the measurement. A thorough evaluation of alternatives for estimating islet volume is provided along with the steps needed to uniformly move to an improved method of islet volume estimation. The lessons learned from islet researchers may serve as a guide for other fields of regenerative medicine as cell clusters become a more attractive therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Hung Huang
- Angelo State University, Texas Tech University System, San Angelo, TX, USA
| | | | - Lisa Stehno-Bittel
- Likarda, LLC, Kansas City, MO, USA
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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87
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Fujita I, Utoh R, Yamamoto M, Okano T, Yamato M. The liver surface as a favorable site for islet cell sheet transplantation in type 1 diabetes model mice. Regen Ther 2018; 8:65-72. [PMID: 30271868 PMCID: PMC6147207 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Islet transplantation is one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for patients with severe type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Transplantation of engineered islet cell sheets holds great potential for treating T1DM as it enables the creation of stable neo-islet tissues. However, a large mass of islet cell sheets is required for the subcutaneous transplantation to reverse hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Here, we investigated whether the liver surface could serve as an alternative site for islet cell sheet transplantation. METHODS Dispersed rat islet cells (0.8 × 106 cells) were cultured on laminin-332-coated thermoresponsive culture dishes. After 2 days of cultivation, we harvested the islet cell sheets by lowering the culture temperature using a support membrane with a gelatin gel. We transplanted two recovered islet cell sheets into the subcutaneous space or onto the liver surface of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice with streptozocin-induced diabetes. RESULTS In the liver surface group, the non-fasting blood glucose level decreased rapidly within several days after transplantation. In marked contrast, the hyperglycemia state was maintained in the subcutaneous space transplantation group. The levels of rat C-peptide and insulin in the liver surface group were significantly higher than those in the subcutaneous space group. An immunohistological analysis confirmed that most of the islet cells engrafted on the liver surface were insulin-positive. The CD31-positive endothelial cells formed vascular networks within the neo-islets and in the surrounding tissues. In contrast, viable islet cells were not found in the subcutaneous space group. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the subcutaneous space, a relatively small mass of islet cell sheets was enough to achieve normoglycemia in diabetic mice when the liver surface was selected as the transplantation site. Our results demonstrate that the optimization of the transplantation site for islet cell sheets leads to significant improvements in the therapeutic efficiency for T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Fujita
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Rie Utoh
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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88
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Smith KE, Johnson RC, Papas KK. Update on cellular encapsulation. Xenotransplantation 2018; 25:e12399. [DOI: 10.1111/xen.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences; University of Arizona; Tucson AZ USA
- Department of Surgery; University of Arizona; Tucson AZ USA
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Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising treatment option for individuals with type 1 diabetes; however, maintaining islet function after transplantation remains a large challenge. Multiple factors, including hypoxia associated events, trigger pretransplant and posttransplant loss of islet function. In fact, islets are easily damaged in hypoxic conditions before transplantation including the preparation steps of pancreas procurement, islet isolation, and culture. Furthermore, after transplantation, islets are also exposed to the hypoxic environment of the transplant site until they are vascularized and engrafted. Because islets are exposed to such drastic environmental changes, protective measures are important to maintain islet viability and function. Many studies have demonstrated that the prevention of hypoxia contributes to maintaining islet quality. In this review, we summarize the latest oxygen-related islet physiology, including computational simulation. Furthermore, we review recent advances in oxygen-associated treatment options used as part of the transplant process, including up-to-date oxygen generating biomaterials as well as a classical oxygen inhalation therapy.
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90
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Guruswamy Damodaran R, Poussard A, Côté B, Andersen PL, Vermette P. Insulin secretion kinetics from single islets reveals distinct subpopulations. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1059-1068. [PMID: 29603910 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type II diabetes progresses with inadequate insulin secretion and prolonged elevated circulating glucose levels. Also, pancreatic islets isolated for transplantation or tissue engineering can be exposed to glucose over extended timeframe. We hypothesized that isolated pancreatic islets can secrete insulin over a prolonged period of time when incubated in glucose solution and that not all islets release insulin in unison. Insulin secretion kinetics was examined and modeled from single mouse islets in response to chronic glucose exposure (2.8-20 mM). Results with single islets were compared to those from pools of islets. Kinetic analysis of 58 single islets over 72 h in response to elevated glucose revealed distinct insulin secretion profiles: slow-, fast-, and constant-rate secretors, with slow-secretors being most prominent (ca., 50%). Variations in the temporal response to glucose therefore exist. During short-term (<4 h) exposure to elevated glucose few islets are responding with sustained insulin release. The model allowed studying the influence of islet size, revealing no clear effect. At high-glucose concentrations, when secretion is normalized to islet volume, the tendency is that smaller islets secrete more insulin. At high-glucose concentrations, insulin secretion from single islets is representative of islet populations, while under low-glucose conditions pooled islets did not behave as single ones. The characterization of insulin secretion over prolonged periods complements studies on insulin secretion performed over short timeframe. Further investigation of these differences in secretion profiles may resolve open-ended questions on pre-diabetic conditions and transplanted islets performance. This study deliberates the importance of size of islets in insulin secretion. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1059-1068, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Guruswamy Damodaran
- Laboratoire de bio-ingénierie et de biophysique de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Dept. of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
- Pharmacology Institute of Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, 3001 12ième Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Sherbrooke, 1036 rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Poussard
- Laboratoire de bio-ingénierie et de biophysique de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Dept. of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
- Pharmacology Institute of Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, 3001 12ième Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Sherbrooke, 1036 rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Benoît Côté
- Laboratoire de bio-ingénierie et de biophysique de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Dept. of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Parker L Andersen
- Laboratoire de bio-ingénierie et de biophysique de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Dept. of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
- Pharmacology Institute of Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, 3001 12ième Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Sherbrooke, 1036 rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Patrick Vermette
- Laboratoire de bio-ingénierie et de biophysique de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Dept. of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
- Pharmacology Institute of Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, 3001 12ième Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Sherbrooke, 1036 rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 4C4, Canada
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91
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Komatsu H, Rawson J, Barriga A, Gonzalez N, Mendez D, Li J, Omori K, Kandeel F, Mullen Y. Posttransplant oxygen inhalation improves the outcome of subcutaneous islet transplantation: A promising clinical alternative to the conventional intrahepatic site. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:832-842. [PMID: 28898528 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Subcutaneous tissue is a promising site for islet transplantation, due to its large area and accessibility, which allows minimally invasive procedures for transplantation, graft monitoring, and removal of malignancies as needed. However, relative to the conventional intrahepatic transplantation site, the subcutaneous site requires a large number of islets to achieve engraftment success and diabetes reversal, due to hypoxia and low vascularity. We report that the efficiency of subcutaneous islet transplantation in a Lewis rat model is significantly improved by treating recipients with inhaled 50% oxygen, in conjunction with prevascularization of the graft bed by agarose-basic fibroblast growth factor. Administration of 50% oxygen increased oxygen tension in the subcutaneous site to 140 mm Hg, compared to 45 mm Hg under ambient air. In vitro, islets cultured under 140 mm Hg oxygen showed reduced central necrosis and increased insulin release, compared to those maintained in 45 mm Hg oxygen. Six hundred syngeneic islets subcutaneously transplanted into the prevascularized graft bed reversed diabetes when combined with postoperative 50% oxygen inhalation for 3 days, a number comparable to that required for intrahepatic transplantation; in the absence of oxygen treatment, diabetes was not reversed. Thus, we show oxygen inhalation to be a simple and promising approach to successfully establishing subcutaneous islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Komatsu
- Division of Developmental and Translational Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - J Rawson
- Division of Developmental and Translational Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - A Barriga
- Division of Developmental and Translational Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - N Gonzalez
- Division of Developmental and Translational Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - D Mendez
- Division of Developmental and Translational Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - J Li
- Division of Developmental and Translational Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - K Omori
- Division of Developmental and Translational Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - F Kandeel
- Division of Developmental and Translational Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Y Mullen
- Division of Developmental and Translational Diabetes and Endocrinology Research, Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Research, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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Fukuda Y, Akagi T, Asaoka T, Eguchi H, Sasaki K, Iwagami Y, Yamada D, Noda T, Kawamoto K, Gotoh K, Kobayashi S, Mori M, Doki Y, Akashi M. Layer-by-layer cell coating technique using extracellular matrix facilitates rapid fabrication and function of pancreatic β-cell spheroids. Biomaterials 2018; 160:82-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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93
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Rojas-Canales DM, Waibel M, Forget A, Penko D, Nitschke J, Harding FJ, Delalat B, Blencowe A, Loudovaris T, Grey ST, Thomas HE, Kay TWH, Drogemuller CJ, Voelcker NH, Coates PT. Oxygen-permeable microwell device maintains islet mass and integrity during shipping. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:490-503. [PMID: 29483160 PMCID: PMC5861371 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is currently the only minimally invasive therapy available for patients with type 1 diabetes that can lead to insulin independence; however, it is limited to only a small number of patients. Although clinical procedures have improved in the isolation and culture of islets, a large number of islets are still lost in the pre-transplant period, limiting the success of this treatment. Moreover, current practice includes islets being prepared at specialized centers, which are sometimes remote to the transplant location. Thus, a critical point of intervention to maintain the quality and quantity of isolated islets is during transportation between isolation centers and the transplanting hospitals, during which 20-40% of functional islets can be lost. The current study investigated the use of an oxygen-permeable PDMS microwell device for long-distance transportation of isolated islets. We demonstrate that the microwell device protected islets from aggregation during transport, maintaining viability and average islet size during shipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darling M Rojas-Canales
- The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET) The Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michaela Waibel
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- The University of MelbourneDepartment of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aurelien Forget
- Science and Engineering FacultyQueensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniella Penko
- The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET) The Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jodie Nitschke
- The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET) The Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Fran J Harding
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Future Industries InstituteUniversity of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bahman Delalat
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Future Industries InstituteUniversity of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anton Blencowe
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Future Industries InstituteUniversity of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas Loudovaris
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shane T Grey
- The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET) The Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Transplantation Immunology GroupGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- The University of MelbourneDepartment of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas W H Kay
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- The University of MelbourneDepartment of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris J Drogemuller
- The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET) The Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Future Industries InstituteUniversity of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick T Coates
- The Centre for Clinical and Experimental Transplantation (CCET) The Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Cell Therapy Manufacturing (CRC-CTM)Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of MedicineFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Lee SH, Park HS, Yang Y, Lee EY, Kim JW, Khang G, Yoon KH. Improvement of islet function and survival by integration of perfluorodecalin into microcapsules in vivo and in vitro. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:e2110-e2122. [PMID: 29330944 DOI: 10.1002/term.2643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic injury of islets is a major obstacle for encapsulated islet transplantation into the peritoneal cavity. To improve oxygen delivery to encapsulated islets, we integrated 20% of the oxygen carrier material, perfluorodecalin (PFD), in alginate capsules mixed with islets (PFD-alginate). Integration of PFD clearly improved islet viability and decreased reactive oxygen species production compared to islets encapsulated with alginate only (alginate) and naked islets exposed to hypoxia in vitro. In PFD-alginate capsules, HIF-1α expression was minimal, and insulin expression was well maintained. Furthermore, the best islet function represented by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was observed for the PFD-alginate capsules in hypoxic condition. For the in vivo study, the same number of naked islets and encapsulated islets (alginate and PFD-alginate) was transplanted into streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Nonfasting blood glucose levels and the area under the curve for glucose based on intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests in the PFD-alginate group were lower than in the alginate group. The harvested islets stained positive for insulin in all groups, but the ratio of dead cell area was 4 times higher in the alginate group than in the PFD-alginate group. In conclusion, integration of PFD in alginate microcapsules improved islet function and survival by minimizing the hypoxic damage of islets after intraperitoneal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heon-Seok Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeoree Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gilson Khang
- Department of Polymer Nano Science and Technology, Department of BIN Fusion Technology and BK-21 Polymer BIN Fusion Research Team, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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95
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Buchwald P, Bernal A, Echeverri F, Tamayo-Garcia A, Linetsky E, Ricordi C. Fully Automated Islet Cell Counter (ICC) for the Assessment of Islet Mass, Purity, and Size Distribution by Digital Image Analysis. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:1747-1761. [PMID: 27196960 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
For isolated pancreatic islet cell preparations, it is important to be able to reliably assess their mass and quality, and for clinical applications, it is part of the regulatory requirement. Accurate assessment, however, is difficult because islets are spheroid-like cell aggregates of different sizes (<50 to 500 μm) resulting in possible thousandfold differences between the mass contribution of individual particles. The current standard manual counting method that uses size-based group classification is known to be error prone and operator dependent. Digital image analysis (DIA)-based methods can provide less subjective, more reproducible, and better-documented islet cell mass (IEQ) estimates; however, so far, none has become widely accepted or used. Here we present results obtained using a compact, self-contained islet cell counter (ICC3) that includes both the hardware and software needed for automated islet counting and requires minimal operator training and input; hence, it can be easily adapted at any center and could provide a convenient standardized cGMP-compliant IEQ assessment. Using cross-validated sample counting, we found that for most human islet cell preparations, ICC3 provides islet mass (IEQ) estimates that correlate well with those obtained by trained operators using the current manual SOP method ( r2 = 0.78, slope = 1.02). Variability and reproducibility are also improved compared to the manual method, and most of the remaining variability (CV = 8.9%) results from the rearrangement of the islet particles due to movement of the sample between counts. Characterization of the size distribution is also important, and the present digitally collected data allow more detailed analysis and coverage of a wider size range. We found again that for human islet cell preparations, a Weibull distribution function provides good description of the particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Buchwald
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Elina Linetsky
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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96
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Nadri S, Barati G, Mostafavi H, Esmaeilzadeh A, Enderami SE. Differentiation of conjunctiva mesenchymal stem cells into secreting islet beta cells on plasma treated electrospun nanofibrous scaffold. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:178-187. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1416391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samad Nadri
- Metabolic Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ghasem Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mostafavi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology & Cancer Gene therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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97
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Smith KE, Kelly AC, Min CG, Weber CS, McCarthy FM, Steyn LV, Badarinarayana V, Stanton JB, Kitzmann JP, Strop P, Gruessner AC, Lynch RM, Limesand SW, Papas KK. Acute Ischemia Induced by High-Density Culture Increases Cytokine Expression and Diminishes the Function and Viability of Highly Purified Human Islets of Langerhans. Transplantation 2017; 101:2705-2712. [PMID: 28263224 PMCID: PMC6319561 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Encapsulation devices have the potential to enable cell-based insulin replacement therapies (such as human islet or stem cell-derived β cell transplantation) without immunosuppression. However, reasonably sized encapsulation devices promote ischemia due to high β cell densities creating prohibitively large diffusional distances for nutrients. It is hypothesized that even acute ischemic exposure will compromise the therapeutic potential of cell-based insulin replacement. In this study, the acute effects of high-density ischemia were investigated in human islets to develop a detailed profile of early ischemia induced changes and targets for intervention. METHODS Human islets were exposed in a pairwise model simulating high-density encapsulation to normoxic or ischemic culture for 12 hours, after which viability and function were measured. RNA sequencing was conducted to assess transcriptome-wide changes in gene expression. RESULTS Islet viability after acute ischemic exposure was reduced compared to normoxic culture conditions (P < 0.01). Insulin secretion was also diminished, with ischemic β cells losing their insulin secretory response to stimulatory glucose levels (P < 0.01). RNA sequencing revealed 657 differentially expressed genes following ischemia, with many that are associated with increased inflammatory and hypoxia-response signaling and decreased nutrient transport and metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In order for cell-based insulin replacement to be applied as a treatment for type 1 diabetes, oxygen and nutrient delivery to β cells will need to be maintained. We demonstrate that even brief ischemic exposure such as would be experienced in encapsulation devices damages islet viability and β cell function and leads to increased inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. Smith
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Department of Physiological Sciences GIDP, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Amy C. Kelly
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Catherine G. Min
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
- Department of Physiological Sciences GIDP, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Craig S. Weber
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Fiona M. McCarthy
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Leah V. Steyn
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | | | - Peter Strop
- Sanofi-Aventis Group, Tucson, AZ
- Icagen, Inc., Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | - Sean W. Limesand
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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98
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Oxygen environment and islet size are the primary limiting factors of isolated pancreatic islet survival. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183780. [PMID: 28832685 PMCID: PMC5568442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Pancreatic islet transplantation could be an effective treatment option for type 1 diabetes once several issues are resolved, including donor shortage, prevention of islet necrosis and loss in pre- and post-transplantation, and optimization of immunosuppression. This study seeks to determine the cause of necrotic loss of isolated islets to improve transplant efficiency. METHODOLOGY The oxygen tension inside isolated human islets of different sizes was simulated under varying oxygen environments using a computational in silico model. In vitro human islet viability was also assessed after culturing in different oxygen conditions. Correlation between simulation data and experimentally measured islet viability was examined. Using these in vitro viability data of human islets, the effect of islet diameter and oxygen tension of the culture environment on islet viability was also analyzed using a logistic regression model. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Computational simulation clearly revealed the oxygen gradient inside the islet structure. We found that oxygen tension in the islet core was greatly lower (hypoxic) than that on the islet surface due to the oxygen consumption by the cells. The hypoxic core was expanded in the larger islets or in lower oxygen cultures. These findings were consistent with results from in vitro islet viability assays that measured central necrosis in the islet core, indicating that hypoxia is one of the major causes of central necrosis. The logistic regression analysis revealed a negative effect of large islet and low oxygen culture on islet survival. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Hypoxic core conditions, induced by the oxygen gradient inside islets, contribute to the development of central necrosis of human isolated islets. Supplying sufficient oxygen during culture could be an effective and reasonable method to maintain isolated islets viable.
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99
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Pancreatic islet macroencapsulation using microwell porous membranes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9186. [PMID: 28835662 PMCID: PMC5569024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic islet transplantation into the liver in combination with immune suppressive drug therapy is widely regarded as a potential cure for type 1 diabetes. However, the intrahepatic system is suboptimal as the concentration of drugs and nutrients there is higher compared to pancreas, which negatively affects islet function. Islet encapsulation within semipermeable membranes is a promising strategy that allows for the islet transplantation outside the suboptimal liver portal system and provides environment, where islets can perform their endocrine function. In this study, we develop a macroencapsulation device based on thin microwell membranes. The islets are seeded in separate microwells to avoid aggregation, whereas the membrane porosity is tailored to achieve sufficient transport of nutrients, glucose and insulin. The non-degradable, microwell membranes are composed of poly (ether sulfone)/polyvinylpyrrolidone and manufactured via phase separation micro molding. Our results show that the device prevents aggregation and preserves the islet’s native morphology. Moreover, the encapsulated islets maintain their glucose responsiveness and function after 7 days of culture (stimulation index above 2 for high glucose stimulation), demonstrating the potential of this novel device for islet transplantation.
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100
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Micro-fabricated scaffolds lead to efficient remission of diabetes in mice. Biomaterials 2017; 135:10-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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