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Pandey A, Dhabade P, Kumarasamy A. Inflammatory Effects of Subacute Exposure of Roundup in Rat Liver and Adipose Tissue. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819843380. [PMID: 31205454 PMCID: PMC6537504 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819843380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Roundup is a popular herbicide containing glyphosate as an active ingredient. The formulation of Roundup is speculated to have critical toxic effects, one among which is chronic inflammation. The present study analyzed adverse inflammatory effects in the liver and adipose tissue of rats after a subacute exposure of Roundup. Adult male rats were exposed to various doses of Roundup (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg bodyweight [bw] glyphosate) orally, everyday for 14 days. On day 15, liver and adipose tissues from dosed rats were analyzed for inflammation markers. C-reactive protein in liver, cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and inflammatory response marker, and prostaglandin–endoperoxide synthase were upregulated in liver and adipose of rats exposed to higher (100 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) doses of Roundup. Cumulatively, our data suggest development of inflammation in lipid and hepatic organs upon exposure to Roundup. Furthermore, liver histological studies showed formation of vacuoles, fibroid tissue, and glycogen depletion in the groups treated with doses of higher Roundup. These observations suggest progression of fatty liver disease in Roundup-treated adult rats. In summary, our data suggest progression of multiorgan inflammation, liver scarring, and dysfunction post short-term exposure of Roundup in adult male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparamita Pandey
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prachi Dhabade
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Anand Kumarasamy
- Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Illesca P, Valenzuela R, Espinosa A, Echeverría F, Soto-Alarcon S, Ortiz M, Videla LA. Hydroxytyrosol supplementation ameliorates the metabolic disturbances in white adipose tissue from mice fed a high-fat diet through recovery of transcription factors Nrf2, SREBP-1c, PPAR-γ and NF-κB. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:2472-2481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Chandrasekaran P, Murugan S, Richard E, Bethapudi B, Purusothaman D, Velusami C, D'Souza P, Mundkinajeddu D, Talkad M. Evaluation of lipotropic effect of herbal formulation on hepatic fat accumulation in rats fed with methionine-choline deficient diet. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_111_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Stahl EC, Haschak MJ, Popovic B, Brown BN. Macrophages in the Aging Liver and Age-Related Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2795. [PMID: 30555477 PMCID: PMC6284020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of individuals aged 65 or older is projected to increase globally from 524 million in 2010 to nearly 1. 5 billion in 2050. Aged individuals are particularly at risk for developing chronic illness, while being less able to regenerate healthy tissue and tolerate whole organ transplantation procedures. In the liver, these age-related diseases include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Hepatic macrophages, a population comprised of both Kupffer cells and infiltrating monocyte derived macrophages, are implicated in several chronic liver diseases and also play important roles in the homeostatic functions of the liver. The effects of aging on hepatic macrophage population dynamics, polarization, and function are not well understood. Studies performed on macrophages derived from other aged sources, such as the bone marrow, peritoneal cavity, lungs, and brain, demonstrate general reductions in autophagy and phagocytosis, dysfunction in cytokine signaling, and altered morphology and distribution, likely mediated by epigenetic changes and mitochondrial defects, that may be applicable to hepatic macrophages. This review highlights recent findings in macrophage developmental biology and function, particularly in the liver, and discusses the role of macrophages in various age-related liver diseases. A better understanding of the biology of aging that influences hepatic macrophages and thus the progression of chronic liver disease will be crucial in order to develop new interventions and treatments for liver disease in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Stahl
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Martin J Haschak
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Branimir Popovic
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bryan N Brown
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Zeng N, Huang R, Li N, Jiang H, Li R, Wang F, Chen W, Xia M, Wang Q. MiR-451a attenuates free fatty acids-mediated hepatocyte steatosis by targeting the thyroid hormone responsive spot 14 gene. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 474:260-271. [PMID: 29604329 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The thyroid hormone responsive spot 14 (THRSP) gene is a de novo lipogenesis-related gene that plays a significant role in the initiation and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several previous studies had shown that endogenous and environmental factors could regulate the expression of THRSP. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs), however, in controlling THRSP expression has not been investigated. In this study, we first constructed the hepatic steatosis cell model by using a mixture of free fatty acids (FFAs; oleate/palmitate, 2:1 ratio) to treat and demonstrate the promotive role of THRSP in lipid accumulation in hepatic cells. By analyzing the photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) database and performing a luciferase reporter assay, we confirmed that microRNA-451a specifically binds to mouse and human THRSP 3'UTR and inhibits its activity. Overexpression of miR-451a efficiently reduced THRSP mRNA and protein expression as well as triglyceride (TG) accumulation in cultured hepatic cells (AML12 and HepG2). Moreover, overexpression of miR-451a significantly decreases TG accumulation in the livers of mice injected with an miR-451a agomir. All these results demonstrated that miR-451a might participate in the FFA-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating the expression of the THRSP gene which represents a new potential target for NAFLD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zeng
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, A Key Laboratory of Guangzhou Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Intervention Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, A Key Laboratory of Guangzhou Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ruobi Li
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, A Key Laboratory of Guangzhou Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, A Key Laboratory of Guangzhou Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, A Key Laboratory of Guangzhou Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Min Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Faculty of Preventive Medicine, A Key Laboratory of Guangzhou Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Gerhard GS, Malenica I, Llaci L, Chu X, Petrick AT, Still CD, DiStefano JK. Differentially methylated loci in NAFLD cirrhosis are associated with key signaling pathways. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:93. [PMID: 30005700 PMCID: PMC6044005 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered DNA methylation events contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of metabolic disorders, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Investigations of global DNA methylation patterns in liver biopsies representing severe NAFLD fibrosis have been limited. We used the HumanMethylation 450K BeadChip to analyze genome-wide methylation in patients with biopsy-proven grade 3/4 NAFLD fibrosis/cirrhosis (N = 14) and age- and sex-matched controls with normal histology (N = 15). We identified 208 CpG islands (CGIs), including 99 hypomethylated and 109 hypermethylated CGIs, showing statistically significant evidence (adjusted P value < 0.05) for differential methylation between cirrhotic and normal samples. Comparison of β values for each CGI to the read count of its corresponding gene obtained from RNA-sequencing analysis revealed negative correlation (adjusted P value < 0.05) for 34 transcripts. These findings provide supporting evidence for a role for CpG methylation in the pathogenesis of NAFLD-related cirrhosis, including confirmation of previously reported differentially methylated CGIs, and contribute new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn S Gerhard
- Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ivana Malenica
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Lorida Llaci
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Xin Chu
- Geisinger Obesity Institute, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | | | | | - Johanna K DiStefano
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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Pérez-Martínez L, Ochoa-Callejero L, Rubio-Mediavilla S, Narro J, Bernardo I, Oteo JA, Blanco JR. Maraviroc improves hepatic triglyceride content but not inflammation in a murine nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model induced by a chronic exposure to high-fat diet. Transl Res 2018; 196:17-30. [PMID: 29421523 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the general population. Its severity ranges from simple steatosis to cirrhosis. C-C chemokine ligand type 5 or RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed, and Secreted) plays an important role in the progression of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Our objective was to examine the preventive and therapeutic effects of maraviroc (MVC), a C-C chemokine receptor 5 antagonist, on liver pathology in an NAFLD mouse model. A total of 60 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: (1) high-fat diet (HFD) group or control group, (2) preventive group (HFD group plus MVC in drinking water since the beginning of the study), (3) early-therapeutic group (HFD group plus MVC in drinking starting at week 24 of the study), and (4) late-therapeutic group (HFD group plus MVC in drinking water starting at week 36 of the study). All mice were sacrificed at week 48. The hepatic triglyceride concentration in the HFD group was significantly higher than that in the groups treated with MVC at any time. Gene expression associated with lipogenesis (diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 and proliferator-activated receptor-γ), insulin resistance (insulin receptor substrate-2), and β-oxidation (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A and acyl-CoA oxidase) was significantly reduced in all the groups treated with MVC. In summary, the beneficial effect of MVC on hepatic steatosis is maintained throughout the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Martínez
- Infectious Diseases Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | | | | | - Judit Narro
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Iván Bernardo
- Biomedical Diagnostic Service, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Oteo
- Infectious Diseases Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - José-Ramón Blanco
- Infectious Diseases Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain.
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Stadion M, Schwerbel K, Graja A, Baumeier C, Rödiger M, Jonas W, Wolfrum C, Staiger H, Fritsche A, Häring HU, Klöting N, Blüher M, Fischer-Posovszky P, Schulz TJ, Joost HG, Vogel H, Schürmann A. Increased Ifi202b/IFI16 expression stimulates adipogenesis in mice and humans. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1167-1179. [PMID: 29478099 PMCID: PMC6448999 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Obesity results from a constant and complex interplay between environmental stimuli and predisposing genes. Recently, we identified the IFN-activated gene Ifi202b as the most likely gene responsible for the obesity quantitative trait locus Nob3 (New Zealand Obese [NZO] obesity 3). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ifi202b on body weight and adipose tissue biology, and to clarify the functional role of its human orthologue IFI16. METHODS The impact of Ifi202b and its human orthologue IFI16 on adipogenesis was investigated by modulating their respective expression in murine 3T3-L1 and human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) pre-adipocytes. Furthermore, transgenic mice overexpressing IFI202b were generated and characterised with respect to metabolic traits. In humans, expression levels of IFI16 in adipose tissue were correlated with several variables of adipocyte function. RESULTS In mice, IFI202b overexpression caused obesity (Δ body weight at the age of 30 weeks: 10.2 ± 1.9 g vs wild-type mice) marked by hypertrophic fat mass expansion, increased expression of Zfp423 (encoding the transcription factor zinc finger protein [ZFP] 423) and white-selective genes (Tcf21, Tle3), and decreased expression of thermogenic genes (e.g. Cidea, Ucp1). Compared with their wild-type littermates, Ifi202b transgenic mice displayed lower body temperature, hepatosteatosis and systemic insulin resistance. Suppression of IFI202b/IFI16 in pre-adipocytes impaired adipocyte differentiation and triacylglycerol storage. Humans with high levels of IFI16 exhibited larger adipocytes, an enhanced inflammatory state and impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in white adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings reveal novel functions of Ifi202b and IFI16, demonstrating their role as obesity genes. These genes promote white adipogenesis and fat storage, thereby facilitating the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Stadion
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristin Schwerbel
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Graja
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Christian Baumeier
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Rödiger
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wenke Jonas
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Harald Staiger
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim J Schulz
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Joost
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heike Vogel
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Shubham K, Vinay L, Vinod PK. Systems-level organization of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression network. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2018; 13:1898-1911. [PMID: 28745372 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00013h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a complex spectrum of diseases ranging from simple steatosis to Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis, which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex, involving crosstalk between multiple organs, cell-types, and environmental and genetic factors. Dysfunction of the adipose tissue plays a central role in NAFLD progression. Here, we analysed transcriptomics data obtained from the Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) of NAFLD patients to understand how the VAT metabolism is altered at the genome scale and co-regulated with other cellular processes during the progression from obesity to NASH with fibrosis. For this purpose, we performed Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), a method that organizes the disease transcriptome into functional modules of cellular processes and pathways. Our analysis revealed the coordination of metabolic and inflammatory modules (termed "immunometabolism") in the VAT of NAFLD patients. We found that genes of arachidonic acid, sphingolipid and glycosphingolipid metabolism were upregulated and co-expressed with genes of proinflammatory signalling pathways and hypoxia in NASH/NASH with fibrosis. We hypothesize that these metabolic alterations might play a role in sustaining VAT inflammation. Furthermore, immunometabolism related genes were also co-expressed with genes involved in Extracellular Matrix (ECM) degradation. Our analysis indicates that upregulation of both ECM degrading enzymes and their inhibitors (incoherent feedforward loop) potentially leads to the ECM deposition in the VAT of NASH with fibrosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shubham
- Centre for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad-500032, India.
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Li CC, Liu C, Fu M, Hu KQ, Aizawa K, Takahashi S, Hiroyuki S, Cheng J, von Lintig J, Wang XD. Tomato Powder Inhibits Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation Potentially Through Restoring SIRT1 Activity and Adiponectin Function Independent of Carotenoid Cleavage Enzymes in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700738. [PMID: 29266812 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Beta-carotene-15,15'-oxygenase (BCO1) and beta-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2) metabolize lycopene to biologically active metabolites, which can ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigate the effects of tomato powder (TP containing substantial lycopene (2.3 mg/g)) on NAFLD development and gut microbiome in the absence of both BCO1 and BCO2 in mice. METHOD AND RESULTS BCO1-/- /BCO2-/- double knockout mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) alone (n = 9) or with TP feeding (n = 9) for 24 weeks. TP feeding significantly reduced pathological severity of steatosis and hepatic triglyceride levels in BCO1-/- /BCO2-/- mice (p < 0.04 vs HFD alone). This was associated with increased SIRT1 activity, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase expression and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and subsequently decreased lipogenesis, hepatic fatty acid uptake, and increasing fatty acid β-oxidation (p < 0.05). TP feeding significantly decreased mRNA expression of proinflammatory genes (tnf-α, il-1β, and il-6) in both liver and mesenteric adipose tissue, which were associated with increased plasma adiponectin and hepatic adiponectin receptor-2. Multiplexed 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using DNA extracted from cecum fecal samples. TP feeding increased microbial richness and decreased relative abundance of the genus Clostridium. CONCLUSION Dietary TP can inhibit NAFLD independent of carotenoid cleavage enzymes, potentially through increasing SIRT1 activity and adiponectin production and decreasing Clostridium abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chung Li
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maobin Fu
- Nature and Wellness Research Department, Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kang-Quan Hu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Koichi Aizawa
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Nature and Wellness Research Department, Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shingo Takahashi
- Nature and Wellness Research Department, Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Suganuma Hiroyuki
- Nature and Wellness Research Department, Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Junrui Cheng
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Ohyama K, Suzuki K. Dihydrocapsiate improved age-associated impairments in mice by increasing energy expenditure. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E586-E597. [PMID: 28811294 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00132.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction is associated with aging and results in age-associated chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Hence, there has been a focus on increasing energy expenditure in aged populations to protect them from age-associated diseases. Dihydrocapsiate (DCT) is a compound that belongs to the capsinoid family. Capsinoids are capsaicin analogs that are found in nonpungent peppers and increase whole body energy expenditure. However, their effect on energy expenditure has been reported only in young populations, and to date the effectiveness of DCT in increasing energy expenditure in aged populations has not been investigated. In this study, we investigated whether DCT supplementation in aged mice improves age-associated impairments. We obtained 5-wk-old and 1-yr-old male C57BL/6J mice and randomly assigned the aged mice to two groups, resulting in a total of three groups: 1) young mice, 2) old mice, and 3) old mice supplemented with 0.3% DCT. After 12 wk of supplementation, blood and tissue samples were collected and analyzed. DCT significantly suppressed age-associated fat accumulation, adipocyte hypertrophy, and liver steatosis. In addition, the DCT treatment dramatically suppressed age-associated increases in hepatic inflammation, immune cell infiltration, and oxidative stress. DCT exerted these suppression effects by increasing energy expenditure linked to upregulation of both the oxidative phosphorylation gene program and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle. These results indicate that DCT efficiently improves age-associated impairments, including liver steatosis and inflammation, in part by increasing energy expenditure via activation of the fat oxidation pathway in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Ohyama
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Company, Incorporated, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuya Suzuki
- Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Company, Incorporated, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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Wang X, Zhang ZF, Zheng GH, Wang AM, Sun CH, Qin SP, Zhuang J, Lu J, Ma DF, Zheng YL. Attenuation of hepatic steatosis by purple sweet potato colour is associated with blocking Src/ERK/C/EBPβ signalling in high-fat-diet–treated mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work showed that purple sweet potato colour (PSPC), a class of naturally occurring anthocyanins, effectively improved hepatic glucose metabolic dysfunction in high-fat-diet (HFD)–treated mice. This study investigated the effects of PSPC on HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and the signalling events associated with these effects. Mice were divided into 4 groups: control group, HFD group, HFD+PSPC group, and PSPC group. PSPC was administered daily for 20 weeks at oral doses of 700 mg/(kg·day)−1). Our results showed that PSPC significantly improved obesity and related metabolic parameters, as well as liver injury in HFD-treated mice. Moreover, PSPC dramatically attenuated hepatic steatosis in HFD-treated mice. PSPC markedly prevented oxidative stress-mediated Src activation in HFD-treated mouse livers. Furthermore, PSPC feeding remarkably suppressed mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) signalling and consequent CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) activation and restored AMPK activation in HFD-treated mouse livers, which was confirmed by U0126 treatment. Ultimately, PSPC feeding dramatically reduced protein expression of FAS and CD36 and the activation of ACC, and increased the protein expression of CPT1A in the livers of HFD-treated mice, indicating decreased lipogenesis and fatty acid uptake and enhanced fatty acid oxidation. In conclusion, PSPC exhibited beneficial effects on hepatic steatosis, which were associated with blocking Src and C/EBPβ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province 221116, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou 221131, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province 221116, PR China
| | - Gui-Hong Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province 221116, PR China
| | - Ai-Min Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province 221116, PR China
| | - Chun-Hui Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province 221116, PR China
| | - Su-Ping Qin
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province 221116, PR China
| | - Juan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province 221116, PR China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province 221116, PR China
| | - Dai-Fu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou 221131, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province 221116, PR China
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Zimmers TA, Jin X, Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Koniaris LG. Epidermal growth factor receptor restoration rescues the fatty liver regeneration in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E440-E449. [PMID: 28655714 PMCID: PMC5668597 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00032.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is a common histological finding in obese patients. Even mild steatosis is associated with delayed hepatic regeneration and poor outcomes following liver resection or transplantation. We sought to identify and target molecular pathways that mediate this dysfunction. Lean mice and mice made obese through feeding of a high-fat, hypercaloric diet underwent 70 or 80% hepatectomy. After 70% resection, obese mice demonstrated 100% survival but experienced increased liver injury, reduced energy stores, reduced mitoses, increased necroapoptosis, and delayed recovery of liver mass. Increasing liver resection to 80% was associated with mortality of 40% in lean and 80% in obese mice (P < 0.05). Gene expression profiling showed decreased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in fatty liver. Meta-analysis of expression studies in mice, rats, and patients also demonstrated reduction of EGFR in fatty liver. In mice, both EGFR and phosphorylated EGFR decreased with increasing percent body fat. Hydrodynamic transfection of EGFR plasmids in mice corrected fatty liver regeneration, reducing liver injury, increasing proliferation, and improving survival after 80% resection. Loss of EGFR expression is rate limiting for liver regeneration in obesity. Therapies directed at increasing EGFR in steatosis might promote liver regeneration and survival following hepatic resection or transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Xiaoling Jin
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zongxiu Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yanlin Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Leonidas G Koniaris
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana;
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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64
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Allen L, Ramalingam L, Menikdiwela K, Scoggin S, Shen CL, Tomison MD, Kaur G, Dufour JM, Chung E, Kalupahana NS, Moustaid-Moussa N. Effects of delta-tocotrienol on obesity-related adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and hepatic steatosis in high-fat-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 48:128-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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65
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Translational Aspects of Diet and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101077. [PMID: 28956824 PMCID: PMC5691694 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of diseases ranging from simple steatosis without inflammation or fibrosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Despite the strong association between dietary factors and NAFLD, no dietary animal model of NAFLD fully recapitulates the complex metabolic and histological phenotype of the disease, although recent models show promise. Although animal models have significantly contributed to our understanding of human diseases, they have been less successful in accurate translation to predict effective treatment strategies. We discuss strategies to overcome this challenge, in particular the adoption of big data approaches combining clinical phenotype, genomic heterogeneity, transcriptomics, and metabolomics changes to identify the ideal NAFLD animal model for a given scientific question or to test a given drug. We conclude by noting that novel big data approaches may help to bridge the translational gap for selecting dietary models of NAFLD.
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66
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Lyall MJ, Cartier J, Richards JA, Cobice D, Thomson JP, Meehan RR, Anderton SM, Drake AJ. Methyl donor deficient diets cause distinct alterations in lipid metabolism but are poorly representative of human NAFLD. Wellcome Open Res 2017; 2:67. [PMID: 29707653 PMCID: PMC5887079 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.12199.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health issue. Dietary methyl donor restriction is used to induce a NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) phenotype in rodents, however the extent to which this model reflects human NAFLD remains incompletely understood. To address this, we undertook hepatic transcriptional profiling of methyl donor restricted rodents and compared these to published human NAFLD datasets. Methods: Adult C57BL/6J mice were maintained on control, choline deficient (CDD) or methionine/choline deficient (MCDD) diets for four weeks; the effects on methyl donor and lipid biology were investigated by bioinformatic analysis of hepatic gene expression profiles followed by a cross-species comparison with human expression data of all stages of NAFLD. Results: Compared to controls, expression of the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) packaging carboxylesterases (
Ces1d,
Ces1f,
Ces3b) and the NAFLD risk allele
Pnpla3 were suppressed in MCDD; with
Pnpla3 and the liver predominant
Ces isoform,
Ces3b, also suppressed in CDD. With respect to 1-carbon metabolism, down-regulation of
Chka,
Chkb,
Pcty1a,
Gnmt and
Ahcy with concurrent upregulation of
Mat2a suggests a drive to maintain S-adenosylmethionine levels. There was minimal similarity between global gene expression patterns in either dietary intervention and any stage of human NAFLD, however some common transcriptomic changes in inflammatory, fibrotic and proliferative mediators were identified in MCDD, NASH and HCC. Conclusions: This study suggests suppression of VLDL assembly machinery may contribute to hepatic lipid accumulation in these models, but that CDD and MCDD rodent diets are minimally representative of human NAFLD at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Lyall
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jessy Cartier
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James A Richards
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Diego Cobice
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, County Londonderry, UK
| | - John P Thomson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard R Meehan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen M Anderton
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amanda J Drake
- University of Edinburgh/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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67
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The lemon balm extract ALS-L1023 inhibits obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in female ovariectomized mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 106:292-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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68
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Ogrodnik M, Miwa S, Tchkonia T, Tiniakos D, Wilson CL, Lahat A, Day CP, Burt A, Palmer A, Anstee QM, Grellscheid SN, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Barnhoorn S, Mann DA, Bird TG, Vermeij WP, Kirkland JL, Passos JF, von Zglinicki T, Jurk D. Cellular senescence drives age-dependent hepatic steatosis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15691. [PMID: 28608850 PMCID: PMC5474745 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases with age. Cellular senescence refers to a state of irreversible cell-cycle arrest combined with the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and mitochondrial dysfunction. Senescent cells contribute to age-related tissue degeneration. Here we show that the accumulation of senescent cells promotes hepatic fat accumulation and steatosis. We report a close correlation between hepatic fat accumulation and markers of hepatocyte senescence. The elimination of senescent cells by suicide gene-meditated ablation of p16Ink4a-expressing senescent cells in INK-ATTAC mice or by treatment with a combination of the senolytic drugs dasatinib and quercetin (D+Q) reduces overall hepatic steatosis. Conversely, inducing hepatocyte senescence promotes fat accumulation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we show that mitochondria in senescent cells lose the ability to metabolize fatty acids efficiently. Our study demonstrates that cellular senescence drives hepatic steatosis and elimination of senescent cells may be a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Satomi Miwa
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Tamar Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Pathology, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11528, Greece
| | - Caroline L. Wilson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Albert Lahat
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Christoper P. Day
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Liver Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Alastair Burt
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- The University of Adelaide, Faculty of Health Science, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Allyson Palmer
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Quentin M. Anstee
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | - Jan H J. Hoeijmakers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- CECAD Forschungszentrum, Universität zu Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, Köln 50931, Germany
| | - Sander Barnhoorn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Derek A. Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Thomas G. Bird
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Wilbert P. Vermeij
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - James L. Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - João F. Passos
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Diana Jurk
- Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
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69
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Garcia Caraballo SC, Comhair TM, Dejong CHC, Lamers WH, Koehler SE. Dietary treatment of fatty liver: High dietary protein content has an antisteatotic and antiobesogenic effect in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1789-1804. [PMID: 28457799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have assessed the effect of changing ratios of dietary macronutrients on fat accumulation in adipose tissue and organs such as the liver in a 3×n(n≥3) factorial design. We investigated the effects of 7 diets from a single manufacturer containing 11-58en% protein (casein), 0-81en% carbohydrates (CHO; sucrose, maltrodextrin-10 and corn starch), and 8-42en% fat (triheptanoin, olive oil or cocoa butter) in C57BL/6J mice, a good model for diet-induced obesity and fatty liver. The diets were fed for 3weeks to wild-type and hyperlipidemic male and female mice. Caloric intake was mainly determined by dietary fat. Body weight, liver lipid and cholesterol content, NFκB activation, and fat-pad size decreased only in mice fed a high-protein diet. A high dietary protein:CHO ratio reduced plasma FGF21 concentration, and increased liver PCK1 protein content and plasma triglyceride concentration. The dietary protein:CHO ratio determined hepatic expression of Pck1 and Ppargc1a in males, and Fgf21 in females, whereas the dietary CHO:fat ratio determined that of Fasn, Acaca1, and Scd1 in females. Hepatic glycogen content was determined by all three dietary components. Both hepatic PCK1 and plasma FGF21 correlated strongly and inversely with hepatic TG content, suggesting a key role for PCK1 and increased gluconeogenesis in resolving steatosis with a high-protein diet, with FGF21 expression reflecting declining cell stress. We propose that a diet containing ~35en% protein, 5-10en% fat, and 55-60en% carbohydrate will prevent fatty liver in mice without inducing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia C Garcia Caraballo
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tine M Comhair
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Nutrigenomics Consortium, Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H C Dejong
- Department of General Surgery, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Nutrigenomics Consortium, Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter H Lamers
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Nutrigenomics Consortium, Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Eleonore Koehler
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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70
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The Angiogenesis Inhibitor ALS-L1023 from Lemon-Balm Leaves Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Regulating the Visceral Adipose-Tissue Function. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040846. [PMID: 28420164 PMCID: PMC5412430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to neoplastic tissues, growth and development of adipose tissue are thought to be angiogenesis-dependent. Since visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we hypothesized that angiogenesis inhibition would attenuate obesity-induced NAFLD. We fed C57BL/6J mice a low-fat diet (LFD, chow 10% kcal fat), a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% kcal fat) or HFD supplemented with the lemon-balm extract ALS-L1023 (HFD-ALS) for 15 weeks. ALS-L1023 reduced endothelial cell-tube formation in vitro. HFD increased VAT angiogenesis and induced weight gains including body weight, VAT mass and visceral adipocyte size compared with LFD. However, HFD-ALS led to weight reductions without affecting calorie intake compared with HFD. HFD-ALS also reduced serum ALT and AST levels and improved lipid metabolism. HFD-ALS suppressed steatosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and accumulation of collagen in livers. HFD-ALS modulated hepatic expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, antioxidation, and apoptosis. Concomitantly, analysis of VAT function revealed that HFD-ALS led to fewer CD68-positive macrophage numbers and lower expression of inflammatory cytokines compared with HFD. Our findings show that the anti-angiogenic herbal extract ALS-L1023 attenuates NAFLD by targeting VAT during obesity, suggesting that angiogenesis inhibitors could aid in the treatment and prevention of obesity-induced human NAFLD.
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71
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Yiew NKH, Chatterjee TK, Tang YL, Pellenberg R, Stansfield BK, Bagi Z, Fulton DJ, Stepp DW, Chen W, Patel V, Kamath VM, Litwin SE, Hui DY, Rudich SM, Kim HW, Weintraub NL. A novel role for the Wnt inhibitor APCDD1 in adipocyte differentiation: Implications for diet-induced obesity. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6312-6324. [PMID: 28242765 PMCID: PMC5391760 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.758078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired adipogenic differentiation during diet-induced obesity (DIO) promotes adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation, thereby contributing to metabolic disease. Adenomatosis polyposis coli down-regulated 1 (APCDD1) has recently been identified as an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, a key regulator of adipogenic differentiation. Here we report a novel role for APCDD1 in adipogenic differentiation via repression of Wnt signaling and an epigenetic linkage between miR-130 and APCDD1 in DIO. APCDD1 expression was significantly up-regulated in mature adipocytes compared with undifferentiated preadipocytes in both human and mouse subcutaneous adipose tissues. siRNA-based silencing of APCDD1 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes markedly increased the expression of Wnt signaling proteins (Wnt3a, Wnt5a, Wnt10b, LRP5, and β-catenin) and inhibited the expression of adipocyte differentiation markers (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)) and lipid droplet accumulation, whereas adenovirus-mediated overexpression of APCDD1 enhanced adipogenic differentiation. Notably, DIO mice exhibited reduced APCDD1 expression and increased Wnt expression in both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues and impaired adipogenic differentiation in vitro Mechanistically, we found that miR-130, whose expression is up-regulated in adipose tissues of DIO mice, could directly target the 3'-untranslated region of the APCDD1 gene. Furthermore, transfection of an miR-130 inhibitor in preadipocytes enhanced, whereas an miR-130 mimic blunted, adipogenic differentiation, suggesting that miR-130 contributes to impaired adipogenic differentiation during DIO by repressing APCDD1 expression. Finally, human subcutaneous adipose tissues isolated from obese individuals exhibited reduced expression of APCDD1, C/EBPα, and PPARγ compared with those from non-obese subjects. Taken together, these novel findings suggest that APCDD1 positively regulates adipogenic differentiation and that its down-regulation by miR-130 during DIO may contribute to impaired adipogenic differentiation and obesity-related metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K H Yiew
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Tapan K Chatterjee
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | - Yao Liang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | | | - Brian K Stansfield
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
- Pediatrics
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | - David J Fulton
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - David W Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
- Physiology
| | | | | | | | - Sheldon E Litwin
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | - David Y Hui
- the Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45219, and
| | | | - Ha Won Kim
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912,
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912,
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology
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72
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Duval C, Teixeira-Clerc F, Leblanc AF, Touch S, Emond C, Guerre-Millo M, Lotersztajn S, Barouki R, Aggerbeck M, Coumoul X. Chronic Exposure to Low Doses of Dioxin Promotes Liver Fibrosis Development in the C57BL/6J Diet-Induced Obesity Mouse Model. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:428-436. [PMID: 27713108 PMCID: PMC5332187 DOI: 10.1289/ehp316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been associated with the progression of chronic liver diseases, yet the contribution of POPs to the development of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition closely linked to obesity, remains poorly documented. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of subchronic exposure to low doses of the POP 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand, on NAFLD progression in diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a 10% low-fat (LFD) or a 45% high-fat (HFD) purified diet for 14 weeks and TCDD-exposed groups were injected once a week with 5 μg/kg TCDD or the vehicle for the last 6 weeks of the diet. RESULTS Liver histology and triglyceride levels showed that exposure of HFD fed mice to TCDD worsened hepatic steatosis, as compared to either HFD alone or LFD plus TCDD and the mRNA levels of key genes of hepatic lipid metabolism were strongly altered in co-treated mice. Further, increased liver collagen staining and serum transaminase levels showed that TCDD induced liver fibrosis in the HFD fed mice. TCDD in LFD fed mice increased the expression of several inflammation and fibrosis marker genes with no additional effect from a HFD. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to TCDD amplifies the impairment of liver functions observed in mice fed an enriched fat diet as compared to a low fat diet. The results provide new evidence that environmental pollutants promote the development of liver fibrosis in obesity-related NAFLD in C57BL/6J mice. Citation: Duval C, Teixeira-Clerc F, Leblanc AF, Touch S, Emond C, Guerre-Millo M, Lotersztajn S, Barouki R, Aggerbeck M, Coumoul X. 2017. Chronic exposure to low doses of dioxin promotes liver fibrosis development in the C57BL/6J diet-induced obesity mouse model. Environ Health Perspect 125:428-436; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Duval
- INSERM UMR (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche)-S1124, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, ComUE (Communauté d’universités et d’établissements), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fatima Teixeira-Clerc
- INSERM UMR-S955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Alix F. Leblanc
- INSERM UMR (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche)-S1124, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, ComUE (Communauté d’universités et d’établissements), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sothea Touch
- INSERM UMR-S1166, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Claude Emond
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Sophie Lotersztajn
- INSERM UMR-S955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche)-S1124, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, ComUE (Communauté d’universités et d’établissements), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Martine Aggerbeck
- INSERM UMR (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche)-S1124, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, ComUE (Communauté d’universités et d’établissements), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche)-S1124, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, ComUE (Communauté d’universités et d’établissements), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Address correspondence to X. Coumoul, INSERM UMR-S1124, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France. Telephone: 33142863359. E-mail:
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73
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Ross JS, Russo SB, Chavis GC, Cowart LA. Sphingolipid regulators of cellular dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systems overview. CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY 2017; 9:553-569. [PMID: 29643939 PMCID: PMC5891157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climbing obesity rates have contributed to worldwide increases in obesity-associated diseases, including the metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sphingolipids, an important class of structural and signaling lipids, have emerged as key players in the development and pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM. More specifically, sphingolipids have been demonstrated to play integral roles in lipotoxicity and other aspects of pathogenesis in T2DM, although the cellular mechanisms by which this occurs and by which sphingolipid metabolism is dysregulated in T2DM remain under investigation. This review summarizes current knowledge of sphingolipid metabolism and signaling in key organs and tissues affected by T2DM, including the pancreas, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, cardiovascular system and liver, and highlights areas that ripe for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Ross
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425,USA
| | - Sarah B Russo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425,USA
| | - Georgia C Chavis
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425,USA
| | - Lauren A Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425,USA
- Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
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Stein S, Lemos V, Xu P, Demagny H, Wang X, Ryu D, Jimenez V, Bosch F, Lüscher TF, Oosterveer MH, Schoonjans K. Impaired SUMOylation of nuclear receptor LRH-1 promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:583-592. [PMID: 28094767 DOI: 10.1172/jci85499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is caused by metabolic imbalances that could be explained in part by an increase in de novo lipogenesis that results from increased sterol element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) activity. The nuclear receptor liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH-1) is an important regulator of intermediary metabolism in the liver, but its role in regulating lipogenesis is not well understood. Here, we have assessed the contribution of LRH-1 SUMOylation to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mice expressing a SUMOylation-defective mutant of LRH-1 (LRH-1 K289R mice) developed NAFLD and early signs of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) when challenged with a lipogenic, high-fat, high-sucrose diet. Moreover, we observed that the LRH-1 K289R mutation induced the expression of oxysterol binding protein-like 3 (OSBPL3), enhanced SREBP-1 processing, and promoted de novo lipogenesis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of OSBPL3 facilitates SREBP-1 processing in WT mice, while silencing hepatic Osbpl3 reverses the lipogenic phenotype of LRH-1 K289R mice. These findings suggest that compromised SUMOylation of LRH-1 promotes the development of NAFLD under lipogenic conditions through regulation of OSBPL3.
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75
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Yoshida T, Murayama H, Kawashima M, Nagahara R, Kangawa Y, Mizukami S, Kimura M, Abe H, Hayashi SM, Shibutani M. Apocynin and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin suppress the expression of a NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox in steatosis-related preneoplastic liver foci of rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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The Role of Tissue Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation on NAFLD Pathogenesis and Its Clinical Implications. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:8162421. [PMID: 28115795 PMCID: PMC5237469 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8162421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The obese phenotype is characterized by a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation that contributes to the development of comorbidities, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In fact, NAFLD is often associated with adipocyte enlargement and consequent macrophage recruitment and inflammation. Macrophage polarization is often associated with the proinflammatory state in adipose tissue. In particular, an increase of M1 macrophages number or of M1/M2 ratio triggers the production and secretion of various proinflammatory signals (i.e., adipocytokines). Next, these inflammatory factors may reach the liver leading to local M1/M2 macrophage polarization and consequent onset of the histological damage characteristic of NAFLD. Thus, the role of macrophage polarization and inflammatory signals appears to be central for pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD, even if the heterogeneity of macrophages and molecular mechanisms that govern their phenotype switch remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss the role of adipose and liver tissue macrophage-mediated inflammation in experimental and human NAFLD. This focus is relevant because it may help researchers that approach clinical and experimental studies on this disease advancing the knowledge of mechanisms that could be targeted in order to revert NAFLD-related fibrosis.
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Tanabe K, Amo-Shiinoki K, Hatanaka M, Tanizawa Y. Interorgan Crosstalk Contributing to β-Cell Dysfunction. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:3605178. [PMID: 28168202 PMCID: PMC5266810 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3605178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results from pancreatic β-cell failure in the setting of insulin resistance. In the early stages of this disease, pancreatic β-cells meet increased insulin demand by both enhancing insulin-secretory capacity and increasing β-cell mass. As the disease progresses, β-cells fail to maintain these compensatory responses. This involves both extrinsic signals and mediators intrinsic to β-cells, which adversely affect β-cells by impairing insulin secretion, decreasing proliferative capacities, and ultimately causing apoptosis. In recent years, it has increasingly been recognized that changes in circulating levels of various factors from other organs play roles in β-cell dysfunction and cellular loss. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of interorgan communications underlying β-cell failure during the progression of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Tanabe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
- *Katsuya Tanabe:
| | - Kikuko Amo-Shiinoki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hatanaka
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yukio Tanizawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Gariani K, Ryu D, Menzies KJ, Yi HS, Stein S, Zhang H, Perino A, Lemos V, Katsyuba E, Jha P, Vijgen S, Rubbia-Brandt L, Kim YK, Kim JT, Kim KS, Shong M, Schoonjans K, Auwerx J. Inhibiting poly ADP-ribosylation increases fatty acid oxidation and protects against fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2017; 66:132-141. [PMID: 27663419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To date, no pharmacological therapy has been approved for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in mouse models of NAFLD. METHODS As poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) of proteins by PARPs consumes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), we hypothesized that overactivation of PARPs drives NAD+ depletion in NAFLD. Therefore, we assessed the effectiveness of PARP inhibition to replenish NAD+ and activate NAD+-dependent sirtuins, hence improving hepatic fatty acid oxidation. To do this, we examined the preventive and therapeutic benefits of the PARP inhibitor (PARPi), olaparib, in different models of NAFLD. RESULTS The induction of NAFLD in C57BL/6J mice using a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS)-diet increased PARylation of proteins by PARPs. As such, increased PARylation was associated with reduced NAD+ levels and mitochondrial function and content, which was concurrent with elevated hepatic lipid content. HFHS diet supplemented with PARPi reversed NAFLD through repletion of NAD+, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and β-oxidation in liver. Furthermore, PARPi reduced reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress and fibrosis. The benefits of PARPi treatment were confirmed in mice fed with a methionine- and choline-deficient diet and in mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis; PARP activation was attenuated and the development of hepatic injury was delayed in both models. Using Sirt1hep-/- mice, the beneficial effects of a PARPi-supplemented HFHS diet were found to be Sirt1-dependent. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a novel and practical pharmacological approach for treating NAFLD, fueling optimism for potential clinical studies. LAY SUMMARY Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now considered to be the most common liver disease in the Western world and has no approved pharmacological therapy. PARP inhibitors given as a treatment in two different mouse models of NAFLD confer a protection against its development. PARP inhibitors may therefore represent a novel and practical pharmacological approach for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Gariani
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Rd, K1H 8M5 Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Sokrates Stein
- Metabolic Signaling, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Perino
- Metabolic Signaling, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vera Lemos
- Metabolic Signaling, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Katsyuba
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pooja Jha
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Vijgen
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Laura Rubbia-Brandt
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Yong Kyung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Kristina Schoonjans
- Metabolic Signaling, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Kim HJ, Kim S, Lee AY, Jang Y, Davaadamdin O, Hong SH, Kim JS, Cho MH. The Effects of Gymnema sylvestre in High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:813-832. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
This study used an integrated approach to investigate the effects of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) extract as a functional dietary supplement with a high-fat diet. This approach examined insulin resistance, the dysfunction of adipose tissue, and liver steatosis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for the acute and chronic study, in addition to GS in different doses (100, 250 and 500[Formula: see text]mg/kg body weight). Their body composition changes, serum lipid and glucose parameters, adipose and liver tissue histology, and gene expression were measured. It was found that GS significantly suppressed the increase of body weight, serum levels of lipid, insulin and leptin, and adipose tissue, and liver inflammation. GS also demonstrated hypoglycemic effects due to the amylase inhibition activity. Our results support the existence of a relationship between the HFD induced insulin resistance, adipose dysfunction and liver steatosis. In conclusion, GS works as a functional dietary supplement with preventative effects against metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jeong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Daehangno 103-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Orkhonselenge Davaadamdin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk, Medical Innovation Foundation, 88-gil, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Kim
- R&D Center, Biterials Co., Ltd., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1-gil, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Daehangno 103-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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80
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Potential involvement of PPAR α activation in diminishing the hepatoprotective effect of fenofibrate in NAFLD: Accuracy of non- invasive panel in determining the stage of liver fibrosis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 85:68-78. [PMID: 27930988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Fenofibrate (FF) is a hypolipedmic drug and one of the PPARα agonists which is a drug target for non alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD), no studies had investigated its potential hepatic effects in such cases. AIM To compare between the effect of FF and Gemfibrozil (GF) on the prognosis of NAFLD in rats. METHODS Sixty four rats were used and classified into two main groups. Group I (treated for 6 weeks): naïve, FF, GF groups and Group II (treated for 14 weeks and drugs were added at the last 6 weeks): Control, high fat diet (HFD) untreated, HFD+FF, HFD+FF+folic acid (FA) and HFD+GF groups. Body weight (BW), liver index (LI), renal perfusion test (RPT), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum creatinine (S.cr), plasma homocysteine (Hcy), liver function, non invasive markers of fibrosis and histopathology were done. RESULTS HFD produced significant increase (P<0.05) in BW, LI, S.cr, plasma Hcy, lipid profile and liver enzymes. It showed significant (P<0.05) decrease in GFR and RPT. These findings were correlated to the histopathology. FF through its effect on GFR and renal function induced significant increase in plasma Hcy and that decreased its effectiveness in managing NAFLD associated with hyperlipidemia. The addition of FA improved significantly its hypolipidemic and hepatotoxic effects.GF showed none of the above FF effects and this may be due to its low affinity to PPAR α. CONCLUSIONS There is preference of adding FA to FF or using GF instead in cases of NAFLD. Moreover, this work implies the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) panel diagnostic performance in diagnosis of any and moderate degree of fibrosis in rats with NAFLD.
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81
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A Review of Western and Traditional Chinese Medical Approaches to Managing Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6491420. [PMID: 27872651 PMCID: PMC5107852 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6491420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease of attention because of increase in prevalence from 20% to 41%. The clinical and pathological conditions in patients with NAFLD range from steatosis alone to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with or without fibrosis to hepatic cancer. In the United States, NAFLD was the second-leading indication for liver transplant between 2004 and 2013. Although imaging studies such as magnetic resonance elastography and the use of diagnostic panels and scoring systems can provide a fairly accurate diagnosis of NAFLD, there are few treatment options for patients with mild to moderate disease other than lifestyle modification. Many of the currently used medical treatments have been shown to cause severe side effects and some have been shown to be associated with increased risk for certain types of cancer. In recent years, a number of traditional Chinese herbal treatments have been examined for their potential uses as treatment for NAFLD. In this review, we provide a general overview of NAFLD and a survey of Western pharmacologic drugs currently used to treat the disease as well as the results of recent studies on the effectiveness of traditional Chinese herbal remedies for managing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Rusli F, Deelen J, Andriyani E, Boekschoten MV, Lute C, van den Akker EB, Müller M, Beekman M, Steegenga WT. Fibroblast growth factor 21 reflects liver fat accumulation and dysregulation of signalling pathways in the liver of C57BL/6J mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30484. [PMID: 27470139 PMCID: PMC4965761 DOI: 10.1038/srep30484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21) has emerged as a potential plasma marker to diagnose non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To study the molecular processes underlying the association of plasma Fgf21 with NAFLD, we explored the liver transcriptome data of a mild NAFLD model of aging C57BL/6J mice at 12, 24, and 28 months of age. The plasma Fgf21 level significantly correlated with intrahepatic triglyceride content. At the molecular level, elevated plasma Fgf21 levels were associated with dysregulated metabolic and cancer-related pathways. The up-regulated Fgf21 levels in NAFLD were implied to be a protective response against the NAFLD-induced adverse effects, e.g. lipotoxicity, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. An in vivo PPARα challenge demonstrated the dysregulation of PPARα signalling in the presence of NAFLD, which resulted in a stochastically increasing hepatic expression of Fgf21. Notably, elevated plasma Fgf21 was associated with declining expression of Klb, Fgf21’s crucial co-receptor, which suggests a resistance to Fgf21. Therefore, although liver fat accumulation is a benign stage of NAFLD, the elevated plasma Fgf21 likely indicated vulnerability to metabolic stressors that may contribute towards progression to end-stage NAFLD. In conclusion, plasma levels of Fgf21 reflect liver fat accumulation and dysregulation of metabolic pathways in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenni Rusli
- Nutrition, Metabolism &Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Deelen
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Evi Andriyani
- Nutrition, Metabolism &Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism &Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Lute
- Nutrition, Metabolism &Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik B van den Akker
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,The Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Müller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma T Steegenga
- Nutrition, Metabolism &Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Fengler VHI, Macheiner T, Kessler SM, Czepukojc B, Gemperlein K, Müller R, Kiemer AK, Magnes C, Haybaeck J, Lackner C, Sargsyan K. Susceptibility of Different Mouse Wild Type Strains to Develop Diet-Induced NAFLD/AFLD-Associated Liver Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155163. [PMID: 27167736 PMCID: PMC4863973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease have been intensively studied, concerning pathophysiological mechanisms are still incompletely understood. This may be due to the use of different animal models and resulting model-associated variation. Therefore, this study aimed to compare three frequently used wild type mouse strains in their susceptibility to develop diet-induced features of non-alcoholic/alcoholic fatty liver disease. Fatty liver disease associated clinical, biochemical, and histological features in C57BL/6, CD-1, and 129Sv WT mice were induced by (i) high-fat diet feeding, (ii) ethanol feeding only, and (iii) the combination of high-fat diet and ethanol feeding. Hepatic and subcutaneous adipose lipid profiles were compared in CD-1 and 129Sv mice. Additionally hepatic fatty acid composition was determined in 129Sv mice. In C57BL/6 mice dietary regimens resulted in heterogeneous hepatic responses, ranging from pronounced steatosis and inflammation to a lack of any features of fatty liver disease. Liver-related serum biochemistry showed high deviations within the regimen groups. CD-1 mice did not exhibit significant changes in metabolic and liver markers and developed no significant steatosis or inflammation as a response to dietary regimens. Although 129Sv mice showed no weight gain, this strain achieved most consistent features of fatty liver disease, apparent from concentration alterations of liver-related serum biochemistry as well as moderate steatosis and inflammation as a result of all dietary regimens. Furthermore, the hepatic lipid profile as well as the fatty acid composition of 129Sv mice were considerably altered, upon feeding the different dietary regimens. Accordingly, diet-induced non-alcoholic/alcoholic fatty liver disease is most consistently promoted in 129Sv mice compared to C57BL/6 and CD-1 mice. As a conclusion, this study demonstrates the importance of genetic background of used mouse strains for modeling diet-induced non-alcoholic/alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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MESH Headings
- Alanine Transaminase/metabolism
- Animals
- Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dietary Fats/administration & dosage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Susceptibility
- Ethanol/administration & dosage
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/metabolism
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/etiology
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/genetics
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/metabolism
- Fatty Liver, Alcoholic/pathology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Function Tests
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/genetics
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
- Species Specificity
- Subcutaneous Fat/metabolism
- Subcutaneous Fat/pathology
- Triglycerides/metabolism
- Weight Gain
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanja Macheiner
- BioPersMed/Biobank Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja M. Kessler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Beate Czepukojc
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Katja Gemperlein
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexandra K. Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christoph Magnes
- Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karine Sargsyan
- BioPersMed/Biobank Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
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84
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Ibrahim SH, Hirsova P, Malhi H, Gores GJ. Animal Models of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Eat, Delete, and Inflame. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:1325-36. [PMID: 26626909 PMCID: PMC4838538 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the obesity epidemic, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a public health problem with increasing prevalence. The mechanism of disease progression remains obscure and effective therapy is lacking. Therefore, there is a need to understand the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for disease development and progression in order to develop innovative therapies. To accomplish this goal, experimental animal models that recapitulate the human disease are necessary, especially, since causative mechanistic studies of NAFLD are more difficult or unethical to perform in humans. A large number of studies regarding the pathophysiology and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have been undertaken in mice to model human NAFLD and NASH. This review discusses the known dietary, genetic, and inflammation-based animal models of NASH described in recent years, with a focus on the major advances made in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H Ibrahim
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Petra Hirsova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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85
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Milk fat globule membrane coating of large lipid droplets in the diet of young mice prevents body fat accumulation in adulthood. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1930-7. [PMID: 27040581 PMCID: PMC4863696 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated protective effects of breast-feeding on
childhood obesity. Differences between human milk and infant milk formula (IMF) in dietary
lipid structure may contribute to this effect. In our mouse model, feeding a diet
containing large lipid droplets coated with phospholipids (PL) (Nuturis®; PL of
milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fraction origin) in early life protected against
excessive body fat accumulation following a diet challenge in adult life. We now set out
to determine the relevance of increased droplet size and/or MFGM lipid droplet coating to
the observed anti-obesogenic effects in adult life. From day 16 to 42, male mouse pups
were exposed to diets with small (S) or large (L) lipid droplets (0·3 v.
2·9 µm average mode diameter, respectively), either without MFGM or with MFGM coating
around the lipid droplet, resulting in four groups: S (control diet), L,
Scoating and Lcoating (Nuturis® IMF diet). Mice were
subsequently challenged with a Western-style diet until dissection at postnatal day 98. A
non-challenged group served as reference (REF). We repeatedly determined body composition
between postnatal day 42 and 98. At day 98 plasma and gene expression measurements were
performed. Only the Nuturis® IMF diet (Lcoating) in early life
containing MFGM-coated large lipid droplets reduced body fat mass to a level comparable
with the REF group. These data support the notion that the structural aspects of lipids in
human milk, for example, both lipid droplet size as well as the MFGM coating, may
contribute to its reported protective effect against obesity in later life.
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86
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Luo Y, Burrington CM, Graff EC, Zhang J, Judd RL, Suksaranjit P, Kaewpoowat Q, Davenport SK, O'Neill AM, Greene MW. Metabolic phenotype and adipose and liver features in a high-fat Western diet-induced mouse model of obesity-linked NAFLD. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E418-39. [PMID: 26670487 PMCID: PMC4796265 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00319.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an obesity and insulin resistance associated clinical condition - ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. To model the human condition, a high-fat Western diet that includes liquid sugar consumption has been used in mice. Even though liver pathophysiology has been well characterized in the model, little is known about the metabolic phenotype (e.g., energy expenditure, activity, or food intake). Furthermore, whether the consumption of liquid sugar exacerbates the development of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue dysfunction in the model is currently in question. In our study, a high-fat Western diet (HFWD) with liquid sugar [fructose and sucrose (F/S)] induced acute hyperphagia above that observed in HFWD-fed mice, yet without changes in energy expenditure. Liquid sugar (F/S) exacerbated HFWD-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance and impaired the storage capacity of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Hepatic TG, plasma alanine aminotransferase, and normalized liver weight were significantly increased only in HFWD+F/S-fed mice. HFWD+F/S also resulted in increased hepatic fibrosis and elevated collagen 1a2, collagen 3a1, and TGFβ gene expression. Furthermore, HWFD+F/S-fed mice developed more profound eWAT inflammation characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration, a dramatic increase in crown-like structures, and upregulated proinflammatory gene expression. An early hypoxia response in the eWAT led to reduced vascularization and increased fibrosis gene expression in the HFWD+F/S-fed mice. Our results demonstrate that sugary water consumption induces acute hyperphagia, limits adipose tissue expansion, and exacerbates glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, which are associated with NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Luo
- Department of Nutrition, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | | | - Emily C Graff
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; and
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Robert L Judd
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; and Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Promporn Suksaranjit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York, and
| | | | | | | | - Michael W Greene
- Department of Nutrition, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Bassett Research Institute, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York;
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87
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Huntington JT, Tang X, Kent LN, Schmidt CR, Leone G. The Spectrum of E2F in Liver Disease--Mediated Regulation in Biology and Cancer. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:1438-49. [PMID: 26566968 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Uncoordinated cell growth is one of the fundamental concepts in carcinogenesis and occurs secondary to dysregulation of the cell cycle. The E2Fs are a large family of transcription factors and are key regulators of the cell cycle. The activation of E2Fs is intimately regulated by retinoblastoma 1 (RB1). The RB pathway has been implicated in almost every human malignancy. Recently there have been exciting developments in the E2F field using animal models to better understand the role of E2Fs in vivo. Genetic mouse models have proven essential in implicating E2Fs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver disease. In this review, the general structure and function of E2Fs as well as the role for E2Fs in the development of HCC and liver disease is evaluated. Specifically, what is known about E2Fs in human disease is explored in depth, and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Huntington
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lindsey N Kent
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Carl R Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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88
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Choi Y, Abdelmegeed MA, Akbar M, Song BJ. Dietary walnut reduces hepatic triglyceride content in high-fat-fed mice via modulation of hepatic fatty acid metabolism and adipose tissue inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 30:116-25. [PMID: 27012628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of dietary walnuts on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver and studied the underlying mechanisms. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a regular rodent chow or HFD (45% energy-derived) with or without walnuts (21.5% energy-derived) for 20weeks. Walnut supplementation did not change HFD-induced increase in body weight or visceral fat mass. However, dietary walnuts significantly decreased the amounts of hepatic triglyceride (TG) observed in HFD-fed mice. The addition of walnuts significantly altered the levels of proteins, involved in the hepatic lipid homeostasis, including AMP-activated protein kinase, fatty acid synthase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α. Since adipocyte inflammation and apoptosis are reportedly important in regulating hepatic fat accumulation, we also evaluated the protective effects of walnuts on adipose tissue injury. Real-time polymerase chain reaction results revealed that adipose tissues isolated from mice fed the HFD+walnut diets showed significantly decreased levels of macrophage infiltration with suppressed expression of proinflammatory genes compared to those significantly elevated in mice fed HFD alone. These improvements also coincided with reduction of HFD-induced apoptosis of adipocytes by dietary walnuts. However, the supplemented walnuts did not significantly alter HFD-induced peripheral glucose intolerance or insulin resistance despite a trend of improvement. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the protective effects of walnuts against HFD-induced hepatic TG accumulation in mice are mediated, at least partially, by modulating the key proteins in hepatic lipid homeostasis and suppression of the genes related to adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage infiltration as well as prevention of adipocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngshim Choi
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mohamed A Abdelmegeed
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mohammed Akbar
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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89
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Li X, Yang M, Li Z, Xue M, Shangguan Z, Ou Z, Liu M, Liu S, Yang S, Li X. Fructus xanthii improves lipid homeostasis in the epididymal adipose tissue of rats fed a high-fat diet. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:787-95. [PMID: 26648271 PMCID: PMC4686102 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity triggers common features of human metabolic syndrome in rats. Our previous study showed that Fructus xanthii (FX) attenuates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of FX on lipid metabolism in epididymal fat (EF), and examine its underlying mechanisms. Aqueous extraction fractions of FX or vehicle were orally administered by gavage for 6 weeks to rats fed either a HFD or a normal chow diet (NCD). The levels of circulating free fatty acid (FFA) were determined in plasma, and the expression levels of lipid metabolism- and inflammation-associated genes in the EF were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The general morphology, size and number of adipocytes in the EF, and the levels of macrophage infiltration were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining or immunohistochemical staining. FX decreased circulating levels of FFA, increased the expression levels of sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1c, FAS, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase and lipoprotein lipase lipogenic genes in the EF. FX increased the numbers of adipocytes in the EF, and featured a shift towards smaller adipocyte size. Compared with the vehicle-treated rats, positive staining of F4/80 was more dispersed in the FX-treated rats, and the percentage of F4/80 positive cells was significantly decreased. FX attenuated HFD-induced lipid dyshomeostasis in the epididymal adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Li
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Yang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Mei Xue
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoshui Shangguan
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Ou
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Suhuan Liu
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Yang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
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90
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Ai L, Xu Q, Wu C, Wang X, Chen Z, Su D, Jiang X, Xu A, Lin Q, Fan Z. A20 Attenuates FFAs-induced Lipid Accumulation in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:1436-46. [PMID: 26681923 PMCID: PMC4672001 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A20 is a ubiquitin-editing enzyme that attenuates the activity of proximal signaling complexes at pro-inflammatory receptors. It has been well documented that A20 protein plays an important role in response to liver injury and hepatocytes apoptosis in pro-inflammatory pathways. However, there was little evidence showing that A20 protein was involving in fatty-acid homeostasis except the up-regulation of two fatty acid metabolism regulatory genes at mRNA level (PPARa and CPT1a) by adenovirus-mediated A20 protein overexpression. In this study we found that: 1) the expression level of A20 protein was significantly higher in the steatotic liver from MCD-fed mice than the controls; 2) Overexpression of A20 protein suppressed FFAs-stimulated triglyceride deposition in HepG2 cells while under expression of A20 protein increased FFAs-stimulated triglyceride deposition; 3) Overexpression of A20 protein in HepG2 cells upregulated genes that promote β-oxidation and decreased the mRNA levels of key lipogenic genes such as fatty acid synthase (FAS), indicating A20 function as anti-steatotic factor by the activation of mitochondrial β-oxidation and attenuation of de novo lipogenesis; 4) Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients showed significantly higher A20 expression level in liver compared with control individuals. Our results demonstrated that A20 protein plays an important role in fatty-acid homeostasis in human as well as animals. In addition, our data suggested that the pathological function of A20 protein in hepatocyte from lipotoxicity to NASH is by the alleviation of triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes. Elevated expression of A20 protein could be a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyan Ai
- 1. Department of Health Care Center, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shang hai, China; ; 2. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- 1. Department of Health Care Center, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shang hai, China; ; 2. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Shanghai, China
| | - Changwei Wu
- 1. Department of Health Care Center, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shang hai, China; ; 2. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- 1. Department of Health Care Center, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shang hai, China; ; 2. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- 1. Department of Health Care Center, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shang hai, China; ; 2. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Shanghai, China
| | - Dazhi Su
- 1. Department of Health Care Center, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shang hai, China; ; 2. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoke Jiang
- 1. Department of Health Care Center, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shang hai, China; ; 2. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Shanghai, China
| | - Antao Xu
- 2. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Lin
- 1. Department of Health Care Center, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shang hai, China
| | - Zhuping Fan
- 1. Department of Health Care Center, RenJi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shang hai, China
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91
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Santamarina AB, Oliveira JL, Silva FP, Carnier J, Mennitti LV, Santana AA, de Souza GHI, Ribeiro EB, Oller do Nascimento CM, Lira FS, Oyama LM. Green Tea Extract Rich in Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Prevents Fatty Liver by AMPK Activation via LKB1 in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141227. [PMID: 26536464 PMCID: PMC4633218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation with epigallocatechin-3-gallate has been determined to aid in the prevention of obesity. Decaffeinated green tea extract appears to restore a normal hepatic metabolic profile and attenuate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced effects, thereby preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Mice were maintained on either a control diet (CD) or HFD for 16 weeks and supplemented with either water or green tea extract (50 mg/kg/day). The body mass increase, serum adiponectin level, and lipid profile were measured over the course of the treatment. Furthermore, the AMPK pathway protein expression in the liver was measured. From the fourth week, the weight gain in the CD + green tea extract (CE) group was lower than that in the CD + water (CW) group. From the eighth week, the weight gain in the HFD + water (HFW) group was found to be higher than that in the CW group. Moreover, the weight gain in the HFD + green tea extract (HFE) group was found to be lower than that in the HFW group. Carcass lipid content was found to be higher in the HFW group than that in the CW and HFE groups. Serum analysis showed reduced non-esterified fatty acid level in the CE and HFE groups as compared with their corresponding placebo groups. Increased adiponectin level was observed in the same groups. Increased VLDL-TG secretion was observed in the HFW group as compared with the CW and HFE groups. Increased protein expression of AdipoR2, SIRT1, pLKB1, and pAMPK was observed in the HFE group, which explained the reduced expression of ACC, FAS, SREBP-1, and ChREBP in this group. These results indicate that the effects of decaffeinated green tea extract may be related to the activation of AMPK via LKB1 in the liver of HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana L. Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia—Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P. Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia—Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - June Carnier
- Departamento de Fisiologia—Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís V. Mennitti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde—Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Aline A. Santana
- Departamento de Fisiologia—Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eliane B. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia—Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio S. Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Lila M. Oyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia—Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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92
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Mulder P, Morrison MC, Wielinga PY, van Duyvenvoorde W, Kooistra T, Kleemann R. Surgical removal of inflamed epididymal white adipose tissue attenuates the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:675-84. [PMID: 26499443 PMCID: PMC4827008 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with abdominal obesity. Growing evidence suggests that inflammation in specific depots of white adipose tissue (WAT) has a key role in NAFLD progression, but experimental evidence for a causal role of WAT is lacking. Methods: A time-course study in C57BL/6J mice was performed to establish which WAT depot is most susceptible to develop inflammation during high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Crown-like structures (CLS) were quantified in epididymal (eWAT), mesenteric (mWAT) and inguinal/subcutaneous (iWAT) WAT. The contribution of inflamed WAT to NAFLD progression was investigated by surgical removal of a selected WAT depot and compared with sham surgery. Plasma markers were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cytokines/adipokines) and lipidomics (lipids). Results: In eWAT, CLS were formed already after 12 weeks of HFD, which coincided with maximal adipocyte size and fat depot mass, and preceded establishment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). By contrast, the number of CLS were low in mWAT and iWAT. Removal of inflamed eWAT after 12 weeks (eWATx group), followed by another 12 weeks of HFD feeding, resulted in significantly reduced NASH in eWATx. Inflammatory cell aggregates (−40% P<0.05) and inflammatory genes (e.g., TNFα, −37% P<0.05) were attenuated in livers of eWATx mice, whereas steatosis was not affected. Concomitantly, plasma concentrations of circulating proinflammatory mediators, viz. leptin and specific saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, were also reduced in the eWATx group. Conclusions: Intervention in NAFLD progression by removal of inflamed eWAT attenuates the development of NASH and reduces plasma levels of specific inflammatory mediators (cytokines and lipids). These data support the hypothesis that eWAT is causally involved in the pathogenesis of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mulder
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M C Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Y Wielinga
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - W van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T Kooistra
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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93
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Cheng S, Wiklund P, Autio R, Borra R, Ojanen X, Xu L, Törmäkangas T, Alen M. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Altered Systemic Amino Acid Metabolism Are Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138889. [PMID: 26439744 PMCID: PMC4595021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty liver is a major cause of obesity-related morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify early metabolic alterations associated with liver fat accumulation in 50- to 55-year-old men (n = 49) and women (n = 52) with and without NAFLD. Methods Hepatic fat content was measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). Serum samples were analyzed using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics platform. Global gene expression profiles of adipose tissues and skeletal muscle were analyzed using Affymetrix microarrays and quantitative PCR. Muscle protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. Results Increased branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), aromatic amino acid (AAA) and orosomucoid were associated with liver fat accumulation already in its early stage, independent of sex, obesity or insulin resistance (p<0.05 for all). Significant down-regulation of BCAA catabolism and fatty acid and energy metabolism was observed in the adipose tissue of the NAFLD group (p<0.001for all), whereas no aberrant gene expression in the skeletal muscle was found. Reduced BCAA catabolic activity was inversely associated with serum BCAA and liver fat content (p<0.05 for all). Conclusions Liver fat accumulation, already in its early stage, is associated with increased serum branched-chain and aromatic amino acids. The observed associations of decreased BCAA catabolism activity, mitochondrial energy metabolism and serum BCAA concentration with liver fat content suggest that adipose tissue dysfunction may have a key role in the systemic nature of NAFLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulin Cheng
- Exercise Health and Technology Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Petri Wiklund
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Reija Autio
- Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ronald Borra
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiaowei Ojanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leiting Xu
- Exercise Health and Technology Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Timo Törmäkangas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Markku Alen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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94
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du Plessis J, van Pelt J, Korf H, Mathieu C, van der Schueren B, Lannoo M, Oyen T, Topal B, Fetter G, Nayler S, van der Merwe T, Windmolders P, Van Gaal L, Verrijken A, Hubens G, Gericke M, Cassiman D, Francque S, Nevens F, van der Merwe S. Association of Adipose Tissue Inflammation With Histologic Severity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:635-48.e14. [PMID: 26028579 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased with the obesity pandemic. We analyzed the transcriptional profiles of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and phenotypes and functional characteristics of adipocyte tissue macrophages (ATMs), in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS We collected anthropometric data; plasma samples; and SAT, VAT, and liver tissues from 113 obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery at academic hospitals in Europe (Antwerp and Leuven) and South Africa. Based on clinical and histologic features, patients were assigned to the following groups: obese, NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or NASH with fibrosis. Microarray analyses were performed to identify genes expressed differentially among groups. We measured levels of cytokines and chemokines in plasma samples and levels of RNAs in adipose tissues by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. ATMs were isolated from patients and 13 lean individuals undergoing cholecystectomy (controls), analyzed by flow cytometry, and cultured; immunophenotypes and levels of cytokines and chemokines in supernatants were determined. RESULTS We observed increased expression of genes that regulate inflammation in adipose tissues from patients with NAFLD and NASH; expression of these genes increased as disease progressed from NAFLD to NASH. We found 111 genes associated with inflammation that were expressed differentially between VAT and SAT. Serum levels of interleukin 8, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3, and tumor necrosis factor-α correlated with liver inflammation and NAFLD activity score. We developed 2 models that could be used to determine patients' liver histology based on gene expression in VAT and SAT. Flow cytometry showed increased proportions of CD11c+CD206+ and CCR2+ macrophages in VAT from patients with NASH, and supernatants of cultured macrophages had increased levels of cytokines and chemokines compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS VAT and SAT from patients with NAFLD and NASH have an increased expression of genes that regulate inflammation, and ATM produce increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, compared with adipose tissues from controls. We identified an expression profile of 5 genes in SAT that accurately predict liver histology in these patients. Transcript profiling: accession numbers: GSE58979 and GSE59045.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannie du Plessis
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Immunology, Hepatology and GI Research Laboratory, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jos van Pelt
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart van der Schueren
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Lannoo
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Oyen
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Baki Topal
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gary Fetter
- Waterfall City Centre of Excellence, Waterfall City Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Simon Nayler
- Histopathology, The Wits University Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tessa van der Merwe
- Waterfall City Centre of Excellence, Waterfall City Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Endocrinology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Petra Windmolders
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Gaal
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - An Verrijken
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Guy Hubens
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | | | - David Cassiman
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreaticobiliary Disorders, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sven Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreaticobiliary Disorders, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Schalk van der Merwe
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreaticobiliary Disorders, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
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95
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Ingvorsen C, Brix S, Ozanne SE, Hellgren LI. The effect of maternal Inflammation on foetal programming of metabolic disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:440-9. [PMID: 26011013 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity during pregnancy increases the child's risk of developing obesity and obesity-related diseases later in life. Key components in foetal programming of metabolic risk remain to be identified; however, chronic low-grade inflammation associated with obesity might be responsible for metabolic imprinting in the offspring. We have therefore surveyed the literature to evaluate the role of maternal obesity-induced inflammation in foetal programming of obesity and related diseases. The literature on this topic is limited, so this review also includes animal models where maternal inflammation is mimicked by single injections with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). An LPS challenge results in an immunological response that resembles the obesity-induced immune profile, although LPS injections provoke a stronger response than the subclinical obesity-associated response. Maternal LPS or cytokine exposures result in increased adiposity and impaired metabolic homeostasis in the offspring, similar to the phenotype observed after exposure to maternal obesity. The cytokine levels might be specifically important for the metabolic imprinting, as cytokines are both transferable from maternal to foetal circulation and have the capability to modulate placental nutrient transfer. However, the immune response associated with obesity is moderate and therefore potentially weakened by the pregnancy-driven immune modulation, dominated by anti-inflammatory Treg and Th2 cells. We know from other low-grade inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, that pregnancy can improve disease state. If pregnancy is also capable of suppressing the obesity-associated inflammation, the immunological markers might be less likely to affect metabolic programming in the developing foetus than otherwise implied.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ingvorsen
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,Center for Fetal Programming, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Brix
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S E Ozanne
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - L I Hellgren
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,Center for Fetal Programming, Copenhagen, Denmark
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96
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Fjære E, Andersen C, Myrmel LS, Petersen RK, Hansen JB, Tastesen HS, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Brünner N, Kristiansen K, Madsen L, Rømer MU. Tissue Inhibitor Of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Is Required for High-Fat Diet-Induced Glucose Intolerance and Hepatic Steatosis in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132910. [PMID: 26168159 PMCID: PMC4500465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma levels of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) are elevated in obesity and obesity-related disorders, such as steatosis, but the metabolic role of TIMP-1 is unclear. Here we investigated how the presence or absence of TIMP-1 affected the development of diet-induced glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis using the Timp1 null mice. METHODS Timp1 knockout (TKO) and wild type (TWT) mice were fed chow, high-fat diet (HFD) or intermediate fat and sucrose diet (IFSD). We determined body weight, body composition, lipid content of the liver, energy intake, energy expenditure, oral glucose tolerance, as well as insulin tolerance. In addition, the histology of liver and adipose tissues was examined and expression of selected genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation in liver and adipose tissues was determined by RT-qPCR. RESULTS TKO mice gained less weight and had lower energy efficiency than TWT mice when fed HFD, but not when fed chow or IFSD. Importantly, TKO mice were protected from development of HFD- as well as IFSD-induced glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and altered expression of genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results indicate that TIMP-1 contributes to the development of diet-induced hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance and may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Fjære
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Charlotte Andersen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lene Secher Myrmel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jakob Bondo Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Sørup Tastesen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils Brünner
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail: (MUR); (LM)
| | - Maria Unni Rømer
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (MUR); (LM)
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97
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Shimada Y, Kuninaga S, Ariyoshi M, Zhang B, Shiina Y, Takahashi Y, Umemoto N, Nishimura Y, Enari H, Tanaka T. E2F8 promotes hepatic steatosis through FABP3 expression in diet-induced obesity in zebrafish. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:17. [PMID: 26052340 PMCID: PMC4456805 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet-induced hepatic steatosis is highly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which is related to the development of metabolic syndrome. While advanced stage nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis (NASH) result ultimately in fibrosis and cirrhosis, the molecular basis for lipid droplet formation is poorly understood. Common pathways underlie the pathology of mammalian obesity and the zebrafish diet-induced obesity model (DIO-zebrafish) used in this study. Methods Our analysis involved a combination of transcriptome (DNA microarray) and proteome (two-dimensional electrophoresis) methods using liver tissue from DIO-zebrafish to find candidate genes involved in hepatic steatosis. We conducted intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (MOs) for each gene into DIO-zebrafish. We also conducted in vitro overexpression in human cells. Additionally, we examined gene expression during feeding experiments involving anti-obesity compounds, creatine and anserine. Results We found that fatty acid binding protein 3 (fabp3) and E2F transcription factors were upregulated in hepatic steatosis. E2f8 MO i.p. suppressed fabp3 expression in liver, and ameliorated hepatic steatosis. In human cells (HepG2), E2F8 overexpression promoted FABP3 expression. Additionally, co-administration of creatine and anserine suppressed obesity associated phenotypes including hepatic steatosis as indicated by e2f8 and fabp3 down regulation. Conclusion We discovered that the e2f8–fabp3 axis is important in the promotion of hepatic steatosis in DIO-zebrafish. The combination of transcriptome and proteome analyses using the disease model zebrafish allow identification of novel pathways involved in human diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-015-0012-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Shimada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie Japan ; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan ; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie, Japan ; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie, Japan ; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie, Japan
| | - Shisei Kuninaga
- Central Research Institute, Maruha Nichiro Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Michiko Ariyoshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie Japan
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Shiina
- Central Research Institute, Maruha Nichiro Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Umemoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie Japan ; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie Japan ; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan ; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie, Japan ; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie, Japan ; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Enari
- Central Research Institute, Maruha Nichiro Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoinformatics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie Japan ; Department of Systems Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan ; Mie University Medical Zebrafish Research Center, Mie, Japan ; Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Center, Mie, Japan ; Department of Omics Medicine, Mie University Industrial Technology Innovation, Mie, Japan
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98
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Role of the sympathetic nervous system in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity and systemic inflammation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121365. [PMID: 25799095 PMCID: PMC4370606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is widely used as an animal model of hepatotoxicity and the mechanisms have been arduously studied, however, the contribution of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity remains controversial. It is also known that either CCl4 or SNS can affect systemic inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in a mouse model of CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity and systemic inflammatory response. Mice exposed to CCl4 or vehicle were pretreated with 6-OHDA or saline. The serum levels of aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase in the CCl4-poisoning mice with sympathetic denervation were significantly lower than those without sympathetic denervation. With sympathetic denervation, hepatocellular necrosis and fat infiltration induced by CCl4 were greatly decreased. Sympathetic denervation significantly attenuated CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation in liver and serum. Acute CCl4 intoxication showed increased expression of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines [eotaxin-2/CCL24, Fas ligand, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, IL-12p40p70, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], as well as decreased expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and keratinocyte-derived chemokine. The overexpressed levels of IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12p40p70, MCP-1/CCL2, and TNF-α were attenuated by sympathetic denervation. Pretreatment with dexamethasone significantly reduced CCl4-induced hepatic injury. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the SNS plays an important role in CCl4-induced acute hepatotoxicity and systemic inflammation and the effect may be connected with chemical- or drug-induced hepatotoxicity and circulating immune response.
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99
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Larsen MC, Bushkofsky JR, Gorman T, Adhami V, Mukhtar H, Wang S, Reeder SB, Sheibani N, Jefcoate CR. Cytochrome P450 1B1: An unexpected modulator of liver fatty acid homeostasis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 571:21-39. [PMID: 25703193 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 1b1 (Cyp1b1) expression is absent in mouse hepatocytes, but present in liver endothelia and activated stellate cells. Increased expression during adipogenesis suggests a role of Cyp1b1 metabolism in fatty acid homeostasis. Wild-type C57BL/6j (WT) and Cyp1b1-null (Cyp1b1-ko) mice were provided low or high fat diets (LFD and HFD, respectively). Cyp1b1-deletion suppressed HFD-induced obesity, improved glucose tolerance and prevented liver steatosis. Suppression of lipid droplets in sinusoidal hepatocytes, concomitant with enhanced glycogen granules, was a consistent feature of Cyp1b1-ko mice. Cyp1b1 deletion altered the in vivo expression of 560 liver genes, including suppression of PPARγ, stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1) and many genes stimulated by PPARα, each consistent with this switch in energy storage mechanism. Ligand activation of PPARα in Cyp1b1-ko mice by WY-14643 was, nevertheless, effective. Seventeen gene changes in Cyp1b1-ko mice correspond to mouse transgenic expression that attenuated diet-induced diabetes. The absence of Cyp1b1 in mouse hepatocytes indicates participation in energy homeostasis through extra-hepatocyte signaling. Extensive sexual dimorphism in hepatic gene expression suggests a developmental impact of estrogen metabolism by Cyp1b1. Suppression of Scd1 and increased leptin turnover support enhanced leptin participation from the hypothalamus. Cyp1b1-mediated effects on vascular cells may underlie these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Campaigne Larsen
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Justin R Bushkofsky
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Tyler Gorman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Vaqar Adhami
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Suqing Wang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Scott B Reeder
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Colin R Jefcoate
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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100
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Wang XC, Zhan XR, Li XY, Yu JJ, Liu XM. Identification and validation co-differentially expressed genes with NAFLD and insulin resistance. Endocrine 2015; 48:143-51. [PMID: 24699882 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a major feature and pathogenic factor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Theoretically, genetic variation in candidate genes related to insulin resistance may contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The purpose of this study was to identify potentially pathogenic genes involved in NAFLD and insulin resistance that have not yet been discovered. This study yielded five important discoveries. 1. A total of 21 co-differentially expressed genes in both the NAFLD and insulin-resistance groups were identified from the pool containing thousands of genes via the significance analysis of microarrays method. 2. MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (Mknk2) was the unique gene to be identified that is involved in the insulin signaling pathway and Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase signaling pathway according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. 3. Mknk2 mRNA and protein expression were dose-dependently up-regulated by palmitic acid (PA) in mouse primary hepatocytes. 4. Western blotting analysis and quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that Mknk2 affected the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylases-1 and fatty acid synthase. 5. The inhibition of Mknk2 alleviated PA-induced insulin resistance, whereas the overexpression of Mknk2 resulted in the aggravation of insulin resistance in PA-treated hepatocytes. Therefore, we predict that MKNK2 may be a key protein related to NAFLD and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliation Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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