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Wu O, Leng JH, Zhang X, Liu W, Yang FF, Zhang H, Li JJ, Zhang GZ, Lu X. Controversial culprit of leptin in obesity hypertension: clues from a case-control study with Chinese newly diagnosed adult early-onset obesity hypertensives. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:495-501. [PMID: 35531968 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2071920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ou Wu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jian Hang Leng
- Department of Central Laboratory/Medical Examination Center of Hangzhou, The First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterThomas E. , Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Joinstar Biomedical Technology Co., LTD, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fen Fang Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory/Medical Examination Center of Hangzhou, The First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated with Medical College of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jia Jia Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Guo Zhong Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xi Lu
- Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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52
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Remodeling and Fibrosis of the Cardiac Muscle in the Course of Obesity-Pathogenesis and Involvement of the Extracellular Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084195. [PMID: 35457013 PMCID: PMC9032681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing epidemiological problem, as two-thirds of the adult population are carrying excess weight. It is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarct, and atrial fibrillation). It has also been shown that chronic obesity in people may be a cause for the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), whose components include cellular hypertrophy, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and increased extracellular collagen deposition. Several animal models with induced obesity, via the administration of a high-fat diet, also developed increased heart fibrosis as a result of extracellular collagen accumulation. Excessive collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the course of obesity may increase the stiffness of the myocardium and thereby deteriorate the heart diastolic function and facilitate the occurrence of HFpEF. In this review, we include a rationale for that process, including a discussion about possible putative factors (such as increased renin–angiotensin–aldosterone activity, sympathetic overdrive, hemodynamic alterations, hypoadiponectinemia, hyperleptinemia, and concomitant heart diseases). To address the topic clearly, we include a description of the fundamentals of ECM turnover, as well as a summary of studies assessing collagen deposition in obese individuals.
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53
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Biogenic Phytochemicals Modulating Obesity: From Molecular Mechanism to Preventive and Therapeutic Approaches. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6852276. [PMID: 35388304 PMCID: PMC8977300 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6852276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and over bodyweight is emerging as a major health concern. Obesity is a complex metabolic disease with multiple pathophysiological clinical conditions as comorbidities are associated with obesity such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, some cancers, and inflammation-based clinical conditions. In obese individuals, adipocyte cells increased the expression of leptin, angiotensin, adipocytokines, plasminogen activators, and C-reactive protein. Currently, options for treatment and lifestyle behaviors interventions are limited, and keeping a healthy lifestyle is challenging. Various types of phytochemicals have been investigated for antiobesity potential. Here, we discuss pathophysiology and signaling pathways in obesity, epigenetic regulations, regulatory mechanism, functional ingredients in natural antiobesity products, and therapeutic application of phytochemicals in obesity.
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Bosma KJ, Ghosh M, Andrei SR, Zhong L, Dunn JC, Ricciardi VF, Burkett JB, Hatzopoulos AK, Damron DS, Gannon M. Pharmacological modulation of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) EP receptors improves cardiomyocyte function under hyperglycemic conditions. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15212. [PMID: 35403369 PMCID: PMC8995713 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects >30 million Americans and nearly 70% of individuals with T2D will die from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Circulating levels of the inflammatory signaling lipid, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), are elevated in the setting of obesity and T2D and are associated with decreased cardiac function. The EP3 and EP4 PGE2 receptors have opposing actions in several tissues, including the heart: overexpression of EP3 in cardiomyocytes impairs function, while EP4 overexpression improves function. Here we performed complementary studies in vitro with isolated cardiomyocytes and in vivo using db/db mice, a model of T2D, to analyze the effects of EP3 inhibition or EP4 activation on cardiac function. Using echocardiography, we found that 2 weeks of systemic treatment of db/db mice with 20 mg/kg of EP3 antagonist, beginning at 6 weeks of age, improves ejection fraction and fractional shortening (with no effect on heart rate). We further show that either EP3 blockade or EP4 activation enhances contractility and calcium cycling in isolated mouse cardiomyocytes cultured in both normal and high glucose. Thus, peak [Ca2+ ]I transient amplitude was increased, while time to peak [Ca2+ ]I and [Ca2+ ]I decay were decreased. These data suggest that modulation of EP3 and EP4 activity has beneficial effects on cardiomyocyte contractility and overall heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin J. Bosma
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley AuthorityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Monica Ghosh
- Department of Biological SciencesSchool of Biomedical SciencesKent State UniversityKentOhioUSA
| | - Spencer R. Andrei
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley AuthorityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jennifer C. Dunn
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley AuthorityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Juliann B. Burkett
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Antonis K. Hatzopoulos
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Derek S. Damron
- Department of Biological SciencesSchool of Biomedical SciencesKent State UniversityKentOhioUSA
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley AuthorityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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55
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Siwinska N, Janus I, Zak-Bochenek A, Noszczyk-Nowak A. Influence of Obesity on Histological Tissue Structure of the Cardiovascular System in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060732. [PMID: 35327129 PMCID: PMC8944453 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that obesity in horses can have a negative impact on their health, including endocrine disturbances. In humans, it is well known that obesity leads to structural and functional changes of the cardiovascular system. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of obesity on the histological structure of the myocardial tissue, as well as great and peripheral arteries in horses. The heart, arteries (aorta, pulmonary artery and palmar arteries) specimens from 7 horses with normal BCS (4–5/9) and 12 extremely obese (BCS 9/9) draft slaughter horses were obtained for histopathological evaluation. The heart tissue and great arteries showed more intense disturbances in the architecture and vacuolization in the aorta in obese horses as compared to the healthy group. The intima in the pulmonary artery, coronary arteries and palmar arteries was thicker in the obese, rather than healthy horses. The palmar arteries in obese horses had a larger lumen diameter and the lumen-to-total diameter ratio as compared to the control group. The presented study showed a significant effect of obesity on the heart as well as the central and peripheral vessels in horses. This forms the basis for a deeper reflection on the impact of obesity on the equine body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Siwinska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-320-53-65
| | - Izabela Janus
- Division of Pathomorphology and Veterinary Forensics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Zak-Bochenek
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Noszczyk-Nowak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland;
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56
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Li L, Meng X, Liu L, Xiang Y, Wang F, Yu L, Zhou F, Zheng C, Zhou W, Cui S, Tian F, Fan Z, Geng C, Cao X, Yang Z, Wang X, Liang H, Wang S, Jiang H, Duan X, Wang H, Li G, Wang Q, Zhang J, Jin F, Tang J, Li L, Zhu S, Zuo W, Ye C, Yin G, Ma Z, Huang S, Yu Z. Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in LEP and LEPR Associated With Breast Cancer Risk: Results From a Multicenter Case-Control Study in Chinese Females. Front Oncol 2022; 12:809570. [PMID: 35223490 PMCID: PMC8866686 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.809570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptin (LEP) plays a physiological role through its specific receptor (LEPR) and is involved in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Our current study aimed at determining the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes coding for LEP and LEPR on breast cancer risk. Methods In the present study, 963 breast cancer cases and 953 controls were enrolled. Five SNPs of LEP and two of LEPR were chosen to evaluate the correlation of selected SNPs with breast cancer susceptibility among women in northern and eastern China. Analyses were further stratified by body mass index (BMI), waist–hip rate (WHR), estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor status. The expression patterns of risk variant-associated genes were detected by expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis with eQTLGen and The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Results There were significant differences between breast cancer cases and control groups in the menopausal status and family history of breast cancer. Two SNPs (rs1137101 and rs4655555) of the LEPR gene decreased overall breast cancer risk, and other five SNPs showed no significant association with breast cancer risk. rs1137101 (GA vs. GG; adjusted OR = 0.719, 95% CI = 0.578–0.894, p = 0.003) and rs4655555 (TT vs. AA; adjusted OR = 0.574, 95% CI = 0.377–0.873, p = 0.009) significantly decreased breast cancer risk after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. In subgroup analyses, the GA and GA + AA genotypes of LEPR rs1137101 associated with decreased breast cancer risk in the subgroup of BMI ≤ 24 kg/m2 or WHR ≥ 0.85 after Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, we found that the expressions of rs4655555-associated gene LEPR and leptin receptor overlapping transcript (LEPROT) were upregulated in breast cancer tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, and a higher expression of LEPR in tumor tissues was correlated with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients using The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA-BRCA) data. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the polymorphisms rs1137101 and rs4655555 located in the LEPR gene decreased breast cancer risk in Chinese females, which might be a research-worthy bio-diagnostic marker and applied for early prediction and risk assessment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Xingchen Meng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Yujuan Xiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Lixiang Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzhong Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Shude Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuguo Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cuizhi Geng
- Department of Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuchen Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenlin Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Breast Disease Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchuan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuening Duan
- Department of Breast Disease Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Breast Center, Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Guolou Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Qitang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinhai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Shiguang Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Wenshu Zuo
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chunmiao Ye
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gengshen Yin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongbing Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Shuya Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, Jinan, China
| | - Zhigang Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine of Breast Disease Prevention and Treatment, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Translational Research on Prevention and Treatment of Breast Disease, Jinan, China
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Lau ES, Binek A, Parker SJ, Shah SH, Zanni MV, Van Eyk JE, Ho JE. Sexual Dimorphism in Cardiovascular Biomarkers: Clinical and Research Implications. Circ Res 2022; 130:578-592. [PMID: 35175850 PMCID: PMC8883873 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sex-based differences in cardiovascular disease presentation, diagnosis, and response to therapies are well established, but mechanistic understanding and translation to clinical applications are limited. Blood-based biomarkers have become an important tool for interrogating biologic pathways. Understanding sexual dimorphism in the relationship between biomarkers and cardiovascular disease will enhance our insights into cardiovascular disease pathogenesis in women, with potential to translate to improved individualized care for men and women with or at risk for cardiovascular disease. In this review, we examine how biologic sex associates with differential levels of blood-based biomarkers and influences the effect of biomarkers on disease outcomes. We further summarize key differences in blood-based cardiovascular biomarkers along central biologic pathways, including myocardial stretch/injury, inflammation, adipose tissue metabolism, and fibrosis pathways in men versus women. Finally, we present recommendations for leveraging our current knowledge of sex differences in blood-based biomarkers for future research and clinical innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S. Lau
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aleksandra Binek
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah J. Parker
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Svati H. Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Markella V. Zanni
- Metabolism Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Ho
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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58
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Tóth ME, Sárközy M, Szűcs G, Dukay B, Hajdu P, Zvara Á, Puskás LG, Szebeni GJ, Ruppert Z, Csonka C, Kovács F, Kriston A, Horváth P, Kővári B, Cserni G, Csont T, Sántha M. Exercise training worsens cardiac performance in males but does not change ejection fraction and improves hypertrophy in females in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:5. [PMID: 35101146 PMCID: PMC8805345 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a cluster of co-existing cardio-metabolic risk factors, including visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia with insulin resistance, and hypertension. As there is a close link between MetS and cardiovascular diseases, we aimed to investigate the sex-based differences in MetS-associated heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular response to regular exercise training (ET). METHODS High-fat diet-fed male and female APOB-100 transgenic (HFD/APOB-100, 3 months) mice were used as MetS models, and age- and sex-matched C57BL/6 wild-type mice on standard diet served as healthy controls (SD/WT). Both the SD/WT and HFD/APOB-100 mice were divided into sedentary and ET groups, the latter running on a treadmill (0.9 km/h) for 45 min 5 times per week for 7 months. At month 9, transthoracic echocardiography was performed to monitor cardiac function and morphology. At the termination of the experiment at month 10, blood was collected for serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol measurements and homeostatic assessment model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) calculation. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis were assessed by histology. Left ventricular expressions of selected genes associated with metabolism, inflammation, and stress response were investigated by qPCR. RESULTS Both HFD/APOB-100 males and females developed obesity and hypercholesterolemia; however, only males showed insulin resistance. ET did not change these metabolic parameters. HFD/APOB-100 males showed echocardiographic signs of mild HF with dilated ventricles and thinner walls, whereas females presented the beginning of left ventricular hypertrophy. In response to ET, SD/WT males developed increased left ventricular volumes, whereas females responded with physiologic hypertrophy. Exercise-trained HFD/APOB-100 males presented worsening HF with reduced ejection fraction; however, ET did not change the ejection fraction and reversed the echocardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy in HFD/APOB-100 females. The left ventricular expression of the leptin receptor was higher in females than males in the SD/WT groups. Left ventricular expression levels of stress response-related genes were higher in the exercise-trained HFD/APOB-100 males and exercise-trained SD/WT females than exercise-trained SD/WT males. CONCLUSIONS HFD/APOB-100 mice showed sex-specific cardiovascular responses to MetS and ET; however, left ventricular gene expressions were similar between the groups except for leptin receptor and several stress response-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda E. Tóth
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726 Hungary
| | - Márta Sárközy
- MEDICS Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary. .,Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, Dugonics tér 13, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
| | - Gergő Szűcs
- grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625MEDICS Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720 Hungary ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, Dugonics tér 13, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - Brigitta Dukay
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726 Hungary
| | - Petra Hajdu
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726 Hungary
| | - Ágnes Zvara
- grid.418331.c0000 0001 2195 9606Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726 Hungary
| | - László G. Puskás
- grid.418331.c0000 0001 2195 9606Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726 Hungary
| | - Gábor J. Szebeni
- grid.418331.c0000 0001 2195 9606Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726 Hungary
| | - Zsófia Ruppert
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726 Hungary ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Doctoral School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Csonka
- grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625MEDICS Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720 Hungary ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, Dugonics tér 13, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - Ferenc Kovács
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726 Hungary ,Single-Cell Technologies Ltd, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726 Hungary
| | - András Kriston
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726 Hungary ,Single-Cell Technologies Ltd, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726 Hungary
| | - Péter Horváth
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726 Hungary ,Single-Cell Technologies Ltd, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726 Hungary ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bence Kővári
- grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Állomás utca 1, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - Gábor Cserni
- grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Állomás utca 1, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - Tamás Csont
- grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625MEDICS Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720 Hungary ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, Dugonics tér 13, Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - Miklós Sántha
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged, 6726 Hungary
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Burch KE, McCracken K, Buck DJ, Davis RL, Sloan DK, Curtis KS. Relationship Between Circulating Metabolic Hormones and Their Central Receptors During Ovariectomy-Induced Weight Gain in Rats. Front Physiol 2022; 12:800266. [PMID: 35069259 PMCID: PMC8766843 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.800266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although increasing research focuses on the phenomenon of body weight gain in women after menopause, the complexity of body weight regulation and the array of models used to investigate it has proven to be challenging. Here, we used ovariectomized (OVX) rats, which rapidly gain weight, to determine if receptors for ghrelin, insulin, or leptin in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC), arcuate nucleus (ARC), or paraventricular nucleus (PVN) change during post-ovariectomy weight gain. Female Sprague-Dawley rats with ad libitum access to standard laboratory chow were bilaterally OVX or sham OVX. Subgroups were weighed and then terminated on day 5, 33, or 54 post-operatively; blood and brains were collected. ELISA kits were used to measure receptors for ghrelin, insulin, and leptin in the DVC, ARC, and PVN, as well as plasma ghrelin, insulin, and leptin. As expected, body weight increased rapidly after ovariectomy. However, ghrelin receptors did not change in any of the areas for either group, nor did circulating ghrelin. Thus, the receptor:hormone ratio indicated comparable ghrelin signaling in these CNS areas for both groups. Insulin receptors in the DVC and PVN decreased in the OVX group over time, increased in the PVN of the Sham group, and were unchanged in the ARC. These changes were accompanied by elevated circulating insulin in the OVX group. Thus, the receptor:hormone ratio indicated reduced insulin signaling in the DVC and PVN of OVX rats. Leptin receptors were unchanged in the DVC and ARC, but increased over time in the PVN of the Sham group. These changes were accompanied by elevated circulating leptin in both groups that was more pronounced in the OVX group. Thus, the receptor:hormone ratio indicated reduced leptin signaling in the DVC and PVN of both groups, but only in the OVX group for the ARC. Together, these data suggest that weight gain that occurs after removal of ovarian hormones by ovariectomy is associated with selective changes in metabolic hormone signaling in the CNS. While these changes may reflect behavioral or physiological alterations, it remains to be determined whether they cause post-ovariectomy weight gain or result from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin E Burch
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Kelly McCracken
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Daniel J Buck
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Randall L Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Dusti K Sloan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Kathleen S Curtis
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
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Figueiro-Filho EA, Robinson NTS, Carvalho J, Keunen J, Robinson M, Maxwell C. Hemodynamic Assessment of Pregnant People with and without Obesity by Noninvasive Bioreactance: A Pilot Study. AJP Rep 2022; 12:e69-e75. [PMID: 35141039 PMCID: PMC8816622 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1742270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to identify cardiovascular differences between pregnant people with and without obesity for trimester-specific changes in hemodynamic parameters using noninvasive cardiac output monitoring (NICOM). Study Design This study is a pilot prospective comparative cohort between pregnant people with and without obesity. Hemodynamic assessment was performed with NICOM (12-14, 21-23, and 34-36 weeks) during pregnancy. Results In first trimester, pregnant people with obesity had higher blood pressure, stroke volume (SV), total peripheral resistance index (TPRI), and cardiac output (CO). Pregnant people with obesity continued to have higher SV and cardiac index (second and third trimesters). During the first trimester, body mass index (BMI) positively correlated with SV, TPRI, and CO. Fat mass showed a strong correlation with TPRI. BMI positively correlated with CO during the second trimester and fat mass was positively associated with CO. During the third trimester, TPR negatively correlated with BMI and fat mass. Conclusion Fat mass gain in the period between the first and second trimesters in addition to the hemodynamic changes due to obesity and pregnancy contribute to some degree of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction which was manifested by lower SVs. Future work should investigate the possible causative role of obesity in the cardiovascular changes identified in people with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto A Figueiro-Filho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Na T S Robinson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados
| | - Jose Carvalho
- Department of Anaesthesia, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johannes Keunen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monique Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Cynthia Maxwell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Polyakova EA, Mikhaylov EN, Galagudza MM, Shlyakhto EV. Hyperleptinemia results in systemic inflammation and the exacerbation of ischemia-reperfusion myocardial injury. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08491. [PMID: 34901513 PMCID: PMC8640453 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Hyperleptinemia potentiates the effects of many atherogenic factors, such as inflammation, platelet aggregation, migration, hypertrophy, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cell dysfunction. The present study analysed the effects of long-term hyperleptinemia in an in vivo myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model to demonstrate whether the in vivo deleterious effect also affects cardiac structure and function. Main methods Rats were subcutaneously administered leptin for 8 days to estimate the involvement of the JAK/STAT pathway. Data from 58 male Wistar rats were included in the final analysis. Myocardial infarction (MI) was modelled by the 30-minute ligation of the main left coronary artery followed by 120-minute reperfusion. Hemodynamic measurements, electrocardiography monitoring, echocardiography, myocardial infarct size and area at risk, blood biochemical parameters, leptin, IL-6, TNF-alpha, FGF-21, and cardiomyocyte morphology were measured. The expression of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, p-STAT3 was assessed by Western Blot analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v.26. Key findings Eight-day hyperleptinemia in rats leads to an increase in blood pressure and heart rate, myocardial hypertrophy, impaired LV function, the frequency of ischemic arrhythmias, dyslipidemia, systemic inflammation, and the size of induced myocardial infarction. Significance: The blockade of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway effectively reverses the negative effects of leptin, including increased blood pressure and total cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Polyakova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny N Mikhaylov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Michael M Galagudza
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny V Shlyakhto
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
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de Assis GG, Murawska-Ciałowicz E. Leptin-A Potential Bridge between Fat Metabolism and the Brain's Vulnerability to Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235714. [PMID: 34884416 PMCID: PMC8658385 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and being overweight have been described as potential causes of neurological disorders. Leptin, a peptide expressed in fat tissue, importantly participates in energy homeostasis and storage and has recently been identified for its signaling receptors in neuronal circuits of the brain. AIM To elucidate whether the endogenous modulation of leptin can be a protection against neuropsychiatric disorders. METHOD A systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA-P method, and reports of studies containing data of leptin concentrations in healthy individuals with or without obesity were retrieved from the PubMed database, using the combinations of Mesh terms for "Leptin" and "Metabolism". RESULTS Forty-seven randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, dating from 2000 to 2021, were included in the qualitative synthesis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Leptin secretion displays a stabilizing pattern that is more sensitive to a negative energy intake imbalance. Leptin levels influence body weight and fat mass as a pro-homeostasis factor. However, long-term exposure to elevated leptin levels may lead to mental/behavioral disorders related to the feeding and reward systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmara Gomes de Assis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sports, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
- Laboratory of Behavioral Endocrinology—BELab—Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Rafaqat S, Rafaqat S, Rafaqat S. Pathophysiological role of major adipokines in Atrial Fibrillation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARRHYTHMIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42444-021-00048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The adipokines, secreted from adipose tissue or body fats, are also called adipocytokines which are cytokines, cell signaling proteins or cell–cell communication. However, AF is a common cardiac arrhythmia in which the heart beats so fast by abnormal beating and is a serious public health disease associated with increased heart failure, systemic thromboembolism, and death. Adipokines are cardiovascular disease (CVD) mediators or biomarkers that affect the heart as well as blood vessels, by increasing the cardiac contractility and action potential duration, which result in the extent of left ventricular and atrial remodeling.
Main body
Google Scholar, PubMed, and science direct were used to review the literature. Many keywords were used for searching the literature such as Adipokines, Leptin, Apelin, Adiponectin, Omentin-1, Chemerin, CTRP3, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and AF. According to the literature, much more data are available for numerous adipokines, but this review article only has taken few major adipokines which played their major role in Atrial Fibrillation. The review article did not limit the time frame.
Conclusion
In conclusion, adipokines play a significant role in the development and progress of atrial fibrillation. Also, there are major adipokines such as adiponectin, apelin, C1q/TNF-Related Protein 3 (CTRP3), Chemerin, Omentin-1, interleukin-6, Leptin, TNF-α, resistin, and interleukin-10, which played their pathophysiological role in atrial fibrillation by causing cardiac hypertrophy, increasing the cardiac contractility and action potential duration, atrial fibrosis, electrical and structural remodeling of atrial tissue.
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65
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Kamareddine L, Ghantous CM, Allouch S, Al-Ashmar SA, Anlar G, Kannan S, Djouhri L, Korashy HM, Agouni A, Zeidan A. Between Inflammation and Autophagy: The Role of Leptin-Adiponectin Axis in Cardiac Remodeling. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5349-5365. [PMID: 34703273 PMCID: PMC8528546 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s322231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is the process by which the heart adapts to stressful stimuli, such as hypertension and ischemia/reperfusion; it ultimately leads to heart failure upon long-term exposure. Autophagy, a cellular catabolic process that was originally considered as a mechanism of cell death in response to detrimental stimuli, is thought to be one of the main mechanisms that controls cardiac remodeling and induces heart failure. Dysregulation of the adipokines leptin and adiponectin, which plays essential roles in lipid and glucose metabolism, and in the pathophysiology of the neuroendocrine and cardiovascular systems, has been shown to affect the autophagic response in the heart and to contribute to accelerate cardiac remodeling. The obesity-associated protein leptin is a pro-inflammatory, tumor-promoting adipocytokine whose elevated levels in obesity are associated with acute cardiovascular events, and obesity-related hypertension. Adiponectin exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, and its reduced levels in obesity correlate with the pathogenesis of obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases. Leptin- and adiponectin-induced changes in autophagic flux have been linked to cardiac remodeling and heart failure. In this review, we describe the different molecular mechanisms of hyperleptinemia- and hypoadiponectinemia-mediated pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling and the involvement of autophagy in this process. A better understanding of the roles of leptin, adiponectin, and autophagy in cardiac functions and remodeling, and the exact signal transduction pathways by which they contribute to cardiac diseases may well lead to discovery of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Kamareddine
- Department Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Crystal M Ghantous
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Keserwan, Lebanon
| | - Soumaya Allouch
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah A Al-Ashmar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gulsen Anlar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Surya Kannan
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laiche Djouhri
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Unterhuber M, Kresoja KP, Rommel KP, Besler C, Baragetti A, Klöting N, Ceglarek U, Blüher M, Scholz M, Catapano AL, Thiele H, Lurz P. Proteomics-Enabled Deep Learning Machine Algorithms Can Enhance Prediction of Mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:1621-1631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Puchałowicz K, Kłoda K, Dziedziejko V, Rać M, Wojtarowicz A, Chlubek D, Safranow K. Association of Adiponectin, Leptin and Resistin Plasma Concentrations with Echocardiographic Parameters in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101774. [PMID: 34679472 PMCID: PMC8534895 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalanced network of adipokines may contribute to the development of systemic low-grade inflammation, metabolic diseases and coronary artery disease (CAD). In the last decade, three classic adipokines—adiponectin, leptin and resistin—have been of particular interest in studies of patients with CAD due to their numerous properties in relation to the cardiovascular system. This has directed our attention to the association of adipokines with cardiac structure and function and the development of heart failure (HF), a common end effect of CAD. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyse the associations of plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and resistin with parameters assessed in the echocardiographic examinations of CAD patients. The presented study enrolled 167 Caucasian patients (133 male; 34 female) with CAD. Anthropometric, echocardiographic and basic biochemical measurements, together with plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and resistin assays, were performed in each patient. Adiponectin concentrations were negatively associated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and shortening fraction (LVSF), and positively associated with mitral valve E/A ratio (E/A), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter LVESD, and left atrium diameter (LAD). Resistin concentrations were negatively associated with E/A. Leptin concentrations, although correlated with HF severity assessed by the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification, were not independently associated with the echocardiographic parameters of cardiac structure or function. In conclusion, adiponectin and resistin, but not leptin, are associated with the echocardiographic parameters of cardiac remodelling and dysfunction. These associations suggest that adiponectin and resistin might be involved in mechanisms of cardiac remodelling or compensative response. We also suggest the possible benefits of adiponectin and resistin level measurements in the monitoring of patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Puchałowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70111 Szczecin, Poland; (V.D.); (M.R.); (D.C.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-4661515; Fax: +48-91-4661516
| | | | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70111 Szczecin, Poland; (V.D.); (M.R.); (D.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Monika Rać
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70111 Szczecin, Poland; (V.D.); (M.R.); (D.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Andrzej Wojtarowicz
- Department of Cardiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70111 Szczecin, Poland; (V.D.); (M.R.); (D.C.); (K.S.)
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70111 Szczecin, Poland; (V.D.); (M.R.); (D.C.); (K.S.)
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Advances in Cardiac Development and Regeneration Using Zebrafish as a Model System for High-Throughput Research. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9040040. [PMID: 34698193 PMCID: PMC8544412 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cardiac development and regeneration will improve diagnostic and therapeutic interventions against heart disease. In this direction, zebrafish is an excellent model because several processes of zebrafish heart development are largely conserved in humans, and zebrafish has several advantages as a model organism. Zebrafish transcriptomic profiles undergo alterations during different stages of cardiac development and regeneration which are revealed by RNA-sequencing. ChIP-sequencing has detected genome-wide occupancy of histone post-translational modifications that epigenetically regulate gene expression and identified a locus with enhancer-like characteristics. ATAC-sequencing has identified active enhancers in cardiac progenitor cells during early developmental stages which overlap with occupancy of histone modifications of active transcription as determined by ChIP-sequencing. CRISPR-mediated editing of the zebrafish genome shows how chromatin modifiers and DNA-binding proteins regulate heart development, in association with crucial signaling pathways. Hence, more studies in this direction are essential to improve human health because they answer fundamental questions on cardiac development and regeneration, their differences, and why zebrafish hearts regenerate upon injury, unlike humans. This review focuses on some of the latest studies using state-of-the-art technology enabled by the elegant yet simple zebrafish.
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Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes (LS) constitute a group of rare diseases of the adipose tissue, characterized by a complete or selective deficiency of the fat mass. These disorders are associated with important insulin resistance, cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities that impact patient's survival and quality of life. Management is challenging and includes diet, physical activity, and specific pharmacological treatment of LS-associated comorbidities. Because of a common pathophysiology involving decreased concentration of the adipokine leptin, efforts have been made to develop therapeutic strategies with leptin replacement therapy. Metreleptin, a recombinant human leptin analogue, has been proposed in hypoleptinemic patients since the beginning of 2000's. The treatment leads to an improvement in metabolic parameters, more important in generalized than in partial LS forms. In this review, the current knowledge about the development of the drug, its outcomes in the treatment of lipodystrophic patients as well as the peculiarities of its use will be presented.
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Hwang SY, Seon MJ, Lee JH, Kim OY. Relationship between Adipose Tissue Derived Hormones and Cardiometabolic Risk according to Obesity Status. Clin Nutr Res 2021; 10:206-218. [PMID: 34386440 PMCID: PMC8331290 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2021.10.3.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, and leptin are adipose tissue derived hormones affecting metabolic status. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between circulating adiponectin and leptin levels, and cardiometabolic parameters by obesity status among healthy women without metabolic disease. Finally 141 participants were included in the analyses and categorized into three groups by their body mass index (kg/m2) (normal weight: 18.5 ≤ body mass index [BMI] < 23.0, n=65; overweight: 23.0 ≤ BMI < 25.0, n=26; obesity: 25.0 ≤ BMI, n=50). Overweight and obesity groups were older, and had significantly higher levels of adiposity, blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglyceride, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and lower levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol than normal weight group. Circulating leptin levels, and leptin to adiponectin ratio were highest in obesity group, but circulating adiponectin levels were not statistically different among the three groups. Circulating leptin levels were negatively correlated with adiponectin levels, and leptin to adiponectin ratio. In addition, leptin levels were positively correlated with waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, and hs-CRP, and negatively with HDL-cholesterol. However, circulating adiponectin levels were negatively correlated only with waist circumference, and hs-CRP. These patterns were retained after adjusted for confounding factors such as age, smoking and drinking habits, menopausal status and total calorie intake. In conclusion, circulating adiponectin and leptin levels according to obesity status were differently observed among healthy women, and circulating leptin levels may be a more sensitive parameter for cardiometabolic risk in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yoon Hwang
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Min Joo Seon
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Jong Hwa Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
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Sigit FS, Trompet S, Tahapary DL, Sartono E, Willems van Dijk K, Yazdanbakhsh M, Supali T, Smit JWA, Rosendaal FR, de Mutsert R. The associations of leptin and adiponectin with the metabolic syndrome in an Indonesian and a Dutch population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2426-2435. [PMID: 34154890 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS At the same BMI, Asian populations develop cardiometabolic complications earlier than Western populations. We hypothesized that a different secretion of the adipocyte-derived hormones leptin and adiponectin plays a role and investigated the associations of the two hormones with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in an Indonesian and a Dutch population. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed cross-sectional analyses of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity Study (n = 6602) and the SUGAR Scientific Programme Indonesia-Netherlands Study (n = 1461). We examined sex-stratified associations of leptin and adiponectin with MetS, using multivariate logistic regression including adjustment for total body fat. The mean (SD) leptin (mcg/L) were 4.7 (6.0) in Indonesian men, 18.6 (12.0) in Indonesian women, 9.1 (7.7) in Dutch men, and 23.4 (17.4) in Dutch women. The mean (SD) adiponectin (mg/L) were 5.7 (5.4), 7.5 (7.1), 6.6 (3.3), and 11.3 (4.9), respectively. Within the same BMI category, leptin concentrations were similar in the two populations, whereas adiponectin was lower in the Indonesian population. Per SD of leptin, adjusted prevalence odds ratios (ORs, 95%CI) of MetS were 0.9 (0.6-1.2) in Indonesian men, 1.1 (0.9-1.4) in Indonesian women, 2.2 (1.6-2.8) in Dutch men, and 1.2 (1.0-1.5) in Dutch women. Per SD of adiponectin, the ORs were 0.9 (0.7-1.2), 0.8 (0.7-1.0), 0.6 (0.6-0.8), and 0.4 (0.4-0.5), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Despite lower adiponectin levels, adiponectin was not related to the MetS in the Indonesian population and can not explain their increased cardiometabolic risk at the same BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathimah S Sigit
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands; Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine - Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No 6, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dicky L Tahapary
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine - Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No 6, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia; Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine - Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No 6, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Erliyani Sartono
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Taniawati Supali
- Department of Parasitology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine - Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No 6, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Johannes W A Smit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Leptin-Activity Modulators and Their Potential Pharmaceutical Applications. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071045. [PMID: 34356668 PMCID: PMC8301849 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, a multifunctional hormone primarily, but not exclusively, secreted in adipose tissue, is implicated in a wide range of biological functions that control different processes, such as the regulation of body weight and energy expenditure, reproductive function, immune response, and bone metabolism. In addition, leptin can exert angiogenic and mitogenic actions in peripheral organs. Leptin biological activities are greatly related to its interaction with the leptin receptor. Both leptin excess and leptin deficiency, as well as leptin resistance, are correlated with different human pathologies, such as autoimmune diseases and cancers, making leptin and leptin receptor important drug targets. The development of leptin signaling modulators represents a promising strategy for the treatment of cancers and other leptin-related diseases. In the present manuscript, we provide an update review about leptin-activity modulators, comprising leptin mutants, peptide-based leptin modulators, as well as leptin and leptin receptor specific monoclonal antibodies and nanobodies.
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Para I, Albu A, Porojan MD. Adipokines and Arterial Stiffness in Obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57070653. [PMID: 34202323 PMCID: PMC8305474 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines are active molecules with pleiotropic effects produced by adipose tissue and involved in obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Arterial stiffness, which is a consequence of arteriosclerosis, has been shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of arterial stiffness is complex but incompletely understood. Adipokines dysregulation may induce, by various mechanisms, vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular remodeling, leading to increased arterial stiffness. This article summarizes literature data regarding adipokine-related pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of arterial stiffness, particularly in obesity, as well as the results of clinical and epidemiological studies which investigated the relationship between adipokines and arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Para
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Albu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mihai D. Porojan
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Expression Pattern of Leptin and Its Receptors in Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132787. [PMID: 34202922 PMCID: PMC8268664 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel molecular markers and the development of cancer treatment strategies are very important as cancer incidence is still very high. Obesity can contribute to cancer progression, including endometrial cancer. Adipocytes secrete leptin, which, when at a high level, is associated with an increased risk of cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the expression profile of leptin-related genes in the endometrial tissue samples and whole blood of patients. The study material included tissue samples and whole blood collected from 30 patients with endometrial cancer and 30 without cancer. Microarrays were used to assess the expression profile of leptin-related genes. Then, the expression of leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), leptin receptor overlapping transcript (LEPROT), and leptin receptor overlapping transcript-like 1 (LEPROTL1) was determined by the Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Reaction (RT-qPCR). The serum leptin concentration was evaluated using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Leptin and its receptors were overexpressed both at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, there were strong positive correlations between leptin levels and patient Body Mass Index (BMI). Elevated levels of leptin and its receptors may potentially contribute to the progression of endometrial cancer. These observations may be useful in designing endometrial cancer treatment strategies.
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75
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Qin Z, Yang Q, Yang M, Han M, Xiong Y, Liao R, Su B. Serum leptin concentration can predict cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause death in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 520:87-94. [PMID: 34090880 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored the associations between serum leptin concentration and cardiovascular prognosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients. METHODS In our prospective study with no intervention, demographics data at baseline were collected from electronic medical records. Serum leptin concentration was determined by ELISA. Patients underwent body composition assessment and echocardiographic measurements after hemodialysis. The primary endpoints were defined as cardiovascular events (CVEs), cardiovascular death (CVD) and all-cause death. RESULTS A total of 165 eligible patients aged 51(43-65) y were enrolled and the mean serum leptin concentration was 35.49 (29.98) ng/ml. During a median follow-up of 18 (12-22) months, CVEs occurred in 37 (22.42%) patients and the cardiovascular and all-cause mortality was 10.91% and 21.82%. Serum leptin concentration was associated with CVEs (HR = 0.982, p = 0.003), CVD (HR = 0.934, p = 0.002) and all-cause death (HR = 0.943, p < 0.001). Decreased serum leptin concentration was an independent risk factor for the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH, OR = 0.98, p = 0.007) and peripheral vascular disease (PVD, OR = 0.974, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Serum leptin concentration can independently predict cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause death in MHD patients. The effects that serum leptin concentration on development of LVH and PVD maybe the potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qin
- Department of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qinbo Yang
- Department of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mei Yang
- The First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuqin Xiong
- Department of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruoxi Liao
- Department of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baihai Su
- Department of Nephrology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; The First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China.
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Swärd P, Rosengren BE, Jehpsson L, Karlsson MK. Association between circulating furin levels, obesity and pro-inflammatory markers in children. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:1863-1868. [PMID: 33486829 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To, in children, investigate the associations between serum furin, obesity, overweight, body fat and circulating markers reflecting adipose tissue or systemic inflammation. METHODS We analysed furin, leptin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, triglycerides, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and C-reactive protein in serum from 166 children in the Pediatric Osteoporosis Prevention (POP) study collected at mean age (SD) 9.9 (0.6) years. Children were classified as low-to-normal weight, overweight or obese. Total body fat mass (kg), trunk fat mass (kg) and total body lean mass (kg) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Body fat percentage (%) was calculated. RESULTS We found that circulating furin levels were higher in children with obesity and overweight compared with children with low-to-normal weight (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Also, there were positive correlations between circulating furin, total body fat mass, trunk fat mass, body fat percentage, triglycerides, adipokines and pro-inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION This study indicates associations between furin, adiposity and a pro-inflammatory milieu in children. We suggest that future studies investigate the role of furin in fat tissue inflammation and associated increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases in children. Studies should also investigate whether higher furin levels could be a link between obesity and severe coronavirus disease 2019 in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Swärd
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit Departments of Orthopaedics and Clinical Sciences Skåne University Hospital Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | - Björn E. Rosengren
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit Departments of Orthopaedics and Clinical Sciences Skåne University Hospital Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | - Lars Jehpsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit Departments of Orthopaedics and Clinical Sciences Skåne University Hospital Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | - Magnus K. Karlsson
- Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit Departments of Orthopaedics and Clinical Sciences Skåne University Hospital Lund University Malmö Sweden
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77
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Frohlich J, Chaldakov GN, Vinciguerra M. Cardio- and Neurometabolic Adipobiology: Consequences and Implications for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084137. [PMID: 33923652 PMCID: PMC8072708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies over the past 30 years have revealed that adipose tissue is the major endocrine and paracrine organ of the human body. Arguably, adiopobiology has taken its reasonable place in studying obesity and related cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is viewed herein as a neurometabolic disorder. The pathogenesis and therapy of these diseases are multiplex at basic, clinical and translational levels. Our present goal is to describe new developments in cardiometabolic and neurometabolic adipobiology. Accordingly, we focus on adipose- and/or skeletal muscle-derived signaling proteins (adipsin, adiponectin, nerve growth factor, brain-derived neuroptrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, irisin, sirtuins, Klotho, neprilysin, follistatin-like protein-1, meteorin-like (metrnl), as well as growth differentiation factor 11) as examples of metabotrophic factors (MTFs) implicated in the pathogenesis and therapy of obesity and related CMDs. We argue that these pathologies are MTF-deficient diseases. In 1993 the "vascular hypothesis of AD" was published and in the present review we propose the "vasculometabolic hypothesis of AD." We discuss how MTFs could bridge CMDs and neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. Greater insights on how to manage the MTF network would provide benefits to the quality of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frohlich
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - George N. Chaldakov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Research Institute of the Medical University, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria;
- Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: or
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Gutiérrez-Cuevas J, Sandoval-Rodriguez A, Meza-Rios A, Monroy-Ramírez HC, Galicia-Moreno M, García-Bañuelos J, Santos A, Armendariz-Borunda J. Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Linked Cardiac Dysfunction: An Up-Date on Current Knowledge. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030629. [PMID: 33809061 PMCID: PMC8000147 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as excessive body fat accumulation, and worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. Excess of free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides in obese individuals promote ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver, skeletal muscle tissue, and heart, among others, inducing insulin resistance, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes (T2D), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These diseases are promoted by visceral white adipocyte tissue (WAT) dysfunction through an increase in pro-inflammatory adipokines, oxidative stress, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and adverse changes in the gut microbiome. In the heart, obesity and T2D induce changes in substrate utilization, tissue metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation, leading to myocardial fibrosis and ultimately cardiac dysfunction. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, also improve insulin sensitivity, triglyceride levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the molecular mechanisms involved in obesity-linked CVD pathophysiology, considering pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and hormones, as well as the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, and PPARs. In addition, cell lines and animal models, biomarkers, gut microbiota dysbiosis, epigenetic modifications, and current therapeutic treatments in CVD associated with obesity are outlined in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gutiérrez-Cuevas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (J.G.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Ana Sandoval-Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (J.G.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Alejandra Meza-Rios
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jalisco 45201, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (J.G.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Marina Galicia-Moreno
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (J.G.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Jesús García-Bañuelos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (J.G.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Arturo Santos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jalisco 45201, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Juan Armendariz-Borunda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (J.G.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (J.G.-B.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jalisco 45201, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-333-677-8741
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Grabarek BO, Kasela T, Adwent I, Zawidlak-Węgrzyńska B, Brus R. Evaluation of the Influence of Adalimumab on the Expression Profile of Leptin-Related Genes and Proteins in Keratinocytes Treated with Lipopolysaccharide A. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041595. [PMID: 33562571 PMCID: PMC7915423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a disease with a proinflammatory base, in which an increased expression of leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) IL-12/23, IL-6, is observed. A drug used in the treatment of psoriasis of moderate and acute strength is the monoclonal antibody anti-TNF-adalimumab. The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of adalimumab on changes in the expression profile of leptin-related genes in human keratinocyte cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide A and analyze if adalimumab acts via leptin pathways. The evaluation of changes of the pattern of genes connected with leptin and proteins coded by them was marked in a culture of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) exposed to 1 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide A (LPS) for 8 h in order to induce the inflammatory process, then to 8 µg/mL of adalimumab for 2.8 and 24 h in comparison with the control (cells not treated with the substances). The techniques used were mRNA microarray, Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Reaction (RTqPCR), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), as well as transfections of HaCaT culture with leptin small interfering RNA (siRNA) in order to see whether adalimumab works through pathways dependent on leptin. A statistically lower expression of leptin and its receptors was observed under the influence of the drug, independent of the exposition time of keratinocytes to adalimumab. In the cells transfected with leptin siRNA, a lower concentration of JAK2 and STAT3 proteins was observed, which confirms that adalimumab works through pathways dependent on leptin. Adalimumab has a modulatory effect on the gene expression pattern and the proteins coded by them connected with leptin in keratinocytes treated with LPS in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, The University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
- Department of Nursing and Maternity, High School of Strategic Planning in Dąbrowa Górnicza, 41-300 Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Tomasz Kasela
- European Center of Aestheticsin Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Iwona Adwent
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, The University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Barbara Zawidlak-Węgrzyńska
- Department of Chemistry in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, The University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Brus
- Department of Nursing and Maternity, High School of Strategic Planning in Dąbrowa Górnicza, 41-300 Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland;
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80
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Neurohumoral, cardiac and inflammatory markers in the evaluation of heart failure severity and progression. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC CARDIOLOGY : JGC 2021; 18:47-66. [PMID: 33613659 PMCID: PMC7868913 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is common in adult population, accounting for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. The main risk factors for heart failure are coronary artery disease, hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic pulmonary diseases, family history of cardiovascular diseases, cardiotoxic therapy. The main factor associated with poor outcome of these patients is constant progression of heart failure. In the current review we present evidence on the role of established and candidate neurohumoral biomarkers for heart failure progression management and diagnostics. A growing number of biomarkers have been proposed as potentially useful in heart failure patients, but not one of them still resembles the characteristics of the “ideal biomarker.” A single marker will hardly perform well for screening, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic management purposes. Moreover, the pathophysiological and clinical significance of biomarkers may depend on the presentation, stage, and severity of the disease. The authors cover main classification of heart failure phenotypes, based on the measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction, including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and the recently proposed category heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction. One could envisage specific sets of biomarker with different performances in heart failure progression with different left ventricular ejection fraction especially as concerns prediction of the future course of the disease and of left ventricular adverse/reverse remodeling. This article is intended to provide an overview of basic and additional mechanisms of heart failure progression will contribute to a more comprehensive knowledge of the disease pathogenesis.
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81
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Wang D, Feng D, Wang Y, Dong P, Wang Y, Zhong L, Li B, Fu J, Xiao X, Speakman JR, Li M, Gao S. Angiopoietin-Like Protein 8/Leptin Crosstalk Influences Cardiac Mass in Youths With Cardiometabolic Risk: The BCAMS Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:788549. [PMID: 35145478 PMCID: PMC8821093 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.788549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The link between excess adiposity and left ventricular hypertrophy is multifaceted with sparse data among youths. Given that adipokines/hepatokines may influence lipid metabolism in myocardium, we aimed to investigate the relation of the novel hepatokine angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) and other adipokines with cardiac structure in a cohort of youths and explore to what extent these adipokines/hepatokines affect cardiac structure through lipids. METHODS A total of 551 participants (aged 15-28 years) from the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome Study (BCAMS) cohort underwent echocardiographic measurements plus a blood draw assayed for five adipokines/hepatokines including adiponectin, leptin, retinol binding protein 4, fibroblast growth protein 21 and ANGPTL8. RESULTS Both ANGPTL8 (β = -0.68 g/m2.7 per z-score, P= 0.015) and leptin (β = -1.04 g/m2.7 per z-score, P= 0.036) were significantly inversely associated with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) independent of classical risk factors. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly mediated the ANGPTL8-LVMI association (proportion: 19.0% and 17.1%, respectively), while the mediation effect of triglyceride on the ANGPTL8-LVMI relationship was strongly moderated by leptin levels, significantly accounting for 20% of the total effect among participants with higher leptin levels. Other adipokines/hepatokines showed no significant association with LVMI after adjustment for body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest ANGPTL8, particularly interacting with leptin, might have a protective role in cardiac remodeling among youths with risk for metabolic syndrome. Our results offer insights into the pathogenesis of the cardiomyopathy and the potential importance of tissue-tissue crosstalk in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - John R. Speakman
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Li, ; Shan Gao,
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Li, ; Shan Gao,
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Govindsamy A, Ghoor S, Cerf ME. Programming With Varying Dietary Fat Content Alters Cardiac Insulin Receptor, Glut4 and FoxO1 Immunoreactivity in Neonatal Rats, Whereas High Fat Programming Alters Cebpa Gene Expression in Neonatal Female Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:772095. [PMID: 35069436 PMCID: PMC8766637 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.772095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal programming refers to an intrauterine stimulus or insult that shapes growth, development and health outcomes. Dependent on the quality and quantity, dietary fats can be beneficial or detrimental for the growth of the fetus and can alter insulin signaling by regulating the expression of key factors. The effects of varying dietary fat content on the expression profiles of factors in the neonatal female and male rat heart were investigated and analyzed in control (10% fat), 20F (20% fat), 30F (30% fat) and 40F (40% fat which was a high fat diet used to induce high fat programming) neonatal rats. The whole neonatal heart was immunostained for insulin receptor, glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and forkhead box protein 1 (FoxO1), followed by image analysis. The expression of 84 genes, commonly associated with the insulin signaling pathway, were then examined in 40F female and 40F male offspring. Maintenance on diets, varying in fat content during fetal life, altered the expression of cardiac factors, with changes induced from 20% fat in female neonates, but from 30% fat in male neonates. Further, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (Cebpa) was upregulated in 40F female neonates. There was, however, differential expression of several insulin signaling genes in 40F (high fat programmed) offspring, with some tending to significance but most differences were in fold changes (≥1.5 fold). The increased immunoreactivity for insulin receptor, Glut4 and FoxO1 in 20F female and 30F male neonatal rats may reflect a compensatory response to programming to maintain cardiac physiology. Cebpa was upregulated in female offspring maintained on a high fat diet, with fold increases in other insulin signaling genes viz. Aebp1, Cfd (adipsin), Adra1d, Prkcg, Igfbp, Retn (resistin) and Ucp1. In female offspring maintained on a high fat diet, increased Cebpa gene expression (concomitant with fold increases in other insulin signaling genes) may reflect cardiac stress and an adaptative response to cardiac inflammation, stress and/or injury, after high fat programming. Diet and the sex are determinants of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology, reflecting divergent mechanisms that are sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelene Govindsamy
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Samira Ghoor
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marlon E. Cerf
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Grants, Innovation and Product Development, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Marlon E. Cerf,
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83
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Shrivastava A, Haase T, Zeller T, Schulte C. Biomarkers for Heart Failure Prognosis: Proteins, Genetic Scores and Non-coding RNAs. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:601364. [PMID: 33330662 PMCID: PMC7719677 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.601364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex disease in which cardiomyocyte injury leads to a cascade of inflammatory and fibrosis pathway activation, thereby causing decrease in cardiac function. As a result, several biomolecules are released which can be identified easily in circulating body fluids. The complex biological processes involved in the development and worsening of HF require an early treatment strategy to stop deterioration of cardiac function. Circulating biomarkers provide not only an ideal platform to detect subclinical changes, their clinical application also offers the opportunity to monitor disease treatment. Many of these biomarkers can be quantified with high sensitivity; allowing their clinical application to be evaluated beyond diagnostic purposes as potential tools for HF prognosis. Though the field of biomarkers is dominated by protein molecules, non-coding RNAs (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs) are novel and promising biomarker candidates that encompass several ideal characteristics required in the biomarker field. The application of genetic biomarkers as genetic risk scores in disease prognosis, albeit in its infancy, holds promise to improve disease risk estimation. Despite the multitude of biomarkers that have been available and identified, the majority of novel biomarker candidates are not cardiac-specific, and instead may simply be a readout of systemic inflammation or other pathological processes. Thus, the true value of novel biomarker candidates in HF prognostication remains unclear. In this article, we discuss the current state of application of protein, genetic as well as non-coding RNA biomarkers in HF risk prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Shrivastava
- Clinic for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tina Haase
- Clinic for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Clinic for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schulte
- Clinic for Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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84
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Senesi P, Luzi L, Terruzzi I. Adipokines, Myokines, and Cardiokines: The Role of Nutritional Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218372. [PMID: 33171610 PMCID: PMC7664629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now established that adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and heart are endocrine organs and secrete in normal and in pathological conditions several molecules, called, respectively, adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines. These secretory proteins constitute a closed network that plays a crucial role in obesity and above all in cardiac diseases associated with obesity. In particular, the interaction between adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines is mainly involved in inflammatory and oxidative damage characterized obesity condition. Identifying new therapeutic agents or treatment having a positive action on the expression of these molecules could have a key positive effect on the management of obesity and its cardiac complications. Results from recent studies indicate that several nutritional interventions, including nutraceutical supplements, could represent new therapeutic agents on the adipo-myo-cardiokines network. This review focuses the biological action on the main adipokines, myokines and cardiokines involved in obesity and cardiovascular diseases and describe the principal nutraceutical approaches able to regulate leptin, adiponectin, apelin, irisin, natriuretic peptides, and follistatin-like 1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Senesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy; (P.S.); (L.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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