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Eswaran S, Babbar A, Drescher HK, Hitch TCA, Clavel T, Muschaweck M, Ritz T, Kroy DC, Trautwein C, Wagner N, Schippers A. Upregulation of Anti-Oxidative Stress Response Improves Metabolic Changes in L-Selectin-Deficient Mice but Does Not Prevent NAFLD Progression or Fecal Microbiota Shifts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147314. [PMID: 34298930 PMCID: PMC8306675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing global health problem. NAFLD progression involves a complex interplay of imbalanced inflammatory cell populations and inflammatory signals such as reactive oxygen species and cytokines. These signals can derive from the liver itself but also from adipose tissue or be mediated via changes in the gut microbiome. We analyzed the effects of a simultaneous migration blockade caused by L-selectin-deficiency and an enhancement of the anti-oxidative stress response triggered by hepatocytic Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) deletion on NAFLD progression. (2) Methods: L-selectin-deficient mice (Lsel−/−Keap1flx/flx) and littermates with selective hepatic Keap1 deletion (Lsel−/−Keap1Δhepa) were compared in a 24-week Western-style diet (WD) model. (3) Results: Lsel−/−Keap1Δhepa mice exhibited increased expression of erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) target genes in the liver, decreased body weight, reduced epidydimal white adipose tissue with decreased immune cell frequencies, and improved glucose response when compared to their Lsel−/−Keap1flx/flx littermates. Although WD feeding caused drastic changes in fecal microbiota profiles with decreased microbial diversity, no genotype-dependent shifts were observed. (4) Conclusions: Upregulation of the anti-oxidative stress response improves metabolic changes in L-selectin-deficient mice but does not prevent NAFLD progression and shifts in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreepradha Eswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.E.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Anshu Babbar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.E.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
- Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hannah K. Drescher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Thomas C. A. Hitch
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (T.C.A.H.); (T.C.)
| | - Thomas Clavel
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (T.C.A.H.); (T.C.)
| | - Moritz Muschaweck
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.E.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Thomas Ritz
- Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Daniela C. Kroy
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (D.C.K.); (C.T.)
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (D.C.K.); (C.T.)
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.E.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Angela Schippers
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.E.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (A.S.)
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Yanez-Montalvo A, Gaona O, Águila B, Arias-Domínguez N, Falcón LI, Pérez-Flores J. Tapirus bairdii-Associated Fecal Microbiome from a Critical Conservation Area: Calakmul, México. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2648-2659. [PMID: 33990869 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Baird's tapir (Tapirus bairdii) is the largest native terrestrial mammal in the Neotropics, which is endangered primarily as a consequence of habitat loss and overhunting. Baird's tapir is predominantly nocturnal and exists at low densities which complicates field studies. Baird's tapir is a large-bodied herbivore that plays a key role in maintaining healthy tropical forests through seed dispersal in its feces. Studies of gut microbiome are essential and valuable to assess the health status of the host and the interaction with the environment. In this study, we collected fresh fecal samples of T. bairdii to analyze its gut microbiome during the rainy and dry seasons in the Calakmul region, which is a critical rainforest conservation area in Mexico. The results of a high-throughput 16S rDNA gene sequencing approach suggest that the fecal microbiome of Baird's tapir has no significant differences in composition among seasons. The most common phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Kiritimatiellaeota, and Spirochaetes. This study suggests that the stability of the fecal microbiome is related to similar feeding strategies throughout the year, and emphasizes the value of tapir in seed dispersal (and associated microbes) to the well-conserved forests of the Greater Calakmul region as biodiversity hotspots for conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Yanez-Montalvo
- Laboratorio de Ecología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Yucatán, 97302, Mérida, México.,El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, Unidad de Chetumal, Avenida Centenario Km 5.5, 77014, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Osiris Gaona
- Laboratorio de Ecología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Yucatán, 97302, Mérida, México
| | - Bernardo Águila
- Laboratorio de Ecología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Yucatán, 97302, Mérida, México
| | | | - Luisa I Falcón
- Laboratorio de Ecología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Yucatán, 97302, Mérida, México
| | - Jonathan Pérez-Flores
- El Colegio de La Frontera Sur, Unidad de Chetumal, Avenida Centenario Km 5.5, 77014, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México. .,Universidad Tecnológica de Calakmul, Carretera Estatal Xpujil-Dzibalchen Km 2, 24640, Calakmul, Campeche, México.
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Shivakumar N, Sivadas A, Devi S, Jahoor F, McLaughlin J, Smith CP, Kurpad AV, Mukhopadhyay A. Gut microbiota profiles of young South Indian children: Child sex-specific relations with growth. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251803. [PMID: 33989353 PMCID: PMC8121364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been implicated as a modifier of childhood growth. Here, 16S rRNA sequencing-based fecal microbiota profiles of 18–24 month old Indian children were evaluated (n = 41), in relation to their anthropometric parameters, intestinal permeability, body composition and total energy expenditure. Pathway analyses were conducted to assess microbial functions related to stunting, underweight and wasting. The fecal microbiota was enriched in Prevotella 9, Bifidobacterium and Escherichia-Shigella. Weight, weight-for-age Z-scores (WAZ) and weight-for-length Z-scores (WLZ), along with age, acted as covariates of microbiota variation specifically in boys (n = 23). Bifidobacterium longum subsp longum abundance was positively associated with WAZ while Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium breve abundances were negatively associated with age. The lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway was upregulated in stunted (n = 16) and wasted (n = 8) children. Findings from this study indicate that child sex may be a critical modifier of the role of gut microbiota on childhood growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Shivakumar
- Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ambily Sivadas
- Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sarita Devi
- Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Farook Jahoor
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John McLaughlin
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Clinical Sciences Building, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Craig P. Smith
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Clinical Sciences Building, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Anura V. Kurpad
- Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
- Department of Physiology, St. John’s Medical College, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Arpita Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
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Gut bacterial profile in Indian children of varying nutritional status: a comparative pilot study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3971-3985. [PMID: 33929588 PMCID: PMC8085102 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood malnutrition is a multifactorial disease, responsible for nearly half of all deaths in children under five. Lately, the probable association of a dysbiotic gut to malnutrition is also being eagerly investigated. The current study is an attempt to investigate this purported association through assessing the abundance of major gut bacterial phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria), probionts (Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus), butyrogens (Faecalibacterium and Roseburia) and pathogens (Escherichia and Klebsiella). METHODS The study was conducted in the suburbs of Chandigarh, India in the year 2017. The children enrolled in the study were part of Anganwadis (Rural Child Care Centres) set up under Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) of Government of India where community-based management approach is being widely used for treatment of malnutrition. We used qPCR based absolute quantification as well as the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing approach for our study. The study population included 30 children in the age group of 2-5 years who were categorized into three groups Healthy, Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) and Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM), with 10 children in each group. The selection of participants was made based on Z scores. Further, statistical tools like the One-way ANOVA, PCA and PLSDA were employed to analyze and compare the gut bacterial profile. RESULTS Our investigation through the qPCR (Absolute quantification) approach revealed a significantly higher abundance of Actinobacteria in healthy, in comparison to children suffering from Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM). Consequently, the same trend was also reflected with respect to Bifidobacterium, a prominent member of the Actinobacteria phylum. Conversely, a significant higher abundance of Lactobacillus with the diminishing nutritional status was recorded. Escherichia showed a significant higher abundance in healthy subjects compared to the malnourished; however, no such difference in abundance of Klebsiella was observed. The other target phyla [Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria] and genera (Faecalibacterium and Roseburia) showed differences in abundance; however, these were non-significant. Similarly, the bacterial taxonomy analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data revealed the higher abundance of phylum Actinobacteria and its member Bifidobacterium with lower prevalence of Lactobacillus in healthy children. CONCLUSION The pattern of gut microbiota profile in malnourished subjects suggests a dysbiotic gut depleted in Bifidobacteria, a core member of the consortia of beneficial anaerobes of the healthy child gut.
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Ages of weaning influence the gut microbiota diversity and function in Chongming white goats. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3649-3658. [PMID: 33885927 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To study the effect of weaning age on the gut microbiota diversity in the lambs of Chongming white goats, fresh feces from the lambs weaned at 30, 45, and 60 days of age were collected 3 days after weaning at 33, 48, and 63 days of age, for microbial composition analysis by 16S rRNA sequencing. The serum concentrations of lipid metabolites were also investigated at the fecal collection dates. Serum and feces from the ewe-reared groups at 33, 48, and 63 days of age were used as controls. The alpha diversity increased significantly after weaning and with the aging of the lambs. Levels of Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcus varied significantly according to the weaning treatment in lambs (P < 0.05). Butyrate-producing gut bacteria such as Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002, Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4B4 were identified as significantly increased genera (P < 0.05) in the feces of weaned Chongming white lambs. Additionally, the abundance of fiber degradation-associated bacteria including Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Ruminococcus_1, and Ruminococcus_2 significantly increased with lamb weaning age (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group, norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24-7_group, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG_005 were negatively correlated, and Lachnoclostridium was positively correlated with levels of cholesterol, while Blautia showed positive correlation with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum samples from weaned lambs. This study helped to understand the maturing development of gut microbiota in Chongming white goats under weaning stress. KEY POINTS: • Effects of weaning age on the gut microbiota diversity in Chongming white goat lambs were studied. • Some butyrate-producing gut bacteria were significantly increased after weaned. • Correlations of gut microbiota and lipid metabolites were analyzed.
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Djekkoun N, Lalau JD, Bach V, Depeint F, Khorsi-Cauet H. Chronic oral exposure to pesticides and their consequences on metabolic regulation: role of the microbiota. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4131-4149. [PMID: 33837455 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides have long been used in agriculture and household treatments. Pesticide residues can be found in biological samples for both the agriculture workers through direct exposure but also to the general population by indirect exposure. There is also evidence of pesticide contamination in utero and trans-generational impacts. Whilst acute exposure to pesticides has long been associated with endocrine perturbations, chronic exposure with low doses also increases the prevalence of metabolic disorders such as obesity or type 2 diabetes. Dysmetabolism is a low-grade inflammation disorder and as such the microbiota plays a role in its etiology. It is therefore important to fully understand the role of microbiota on the genesis of subsequent health effects. The digestive tract and mostly microbiota are the first organs of contact after oral exposure. The objective of this review is thus to better understand mechanisms that link pesticide exposure, dysmetabolism and microbiota. One of the key outcomes on the microbiota is the reduced Bacteroidetes and increased Firmicutes phyla, reflecting both pesticide exposure and risk factors of dysmetabolism. Other bacterial genders and metabolic activities are also involved. As for most pathologies impacting microbiota (including inflammatory disorders), the role of prebiotics can be suggested as a prevention strategy and some preliminary evidence reinforces this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narimane Djekkoun
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, 80054, Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lalau
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, 80054, Amiens cedex 1, France.,Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Nutrition, CHU Amiens Picardie, Site Nord, 80054, Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - Véronique Bach
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, 80054, Amiens cedex 1, France
| | - Flore Depeint
- Unité Transformations & Agroressources ULR7519, Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle-Université d'Artois, 60026, Beauvais, France
| | - Hafida Khorsi-Cauet
- PeriTox UMR_I 01 Laboratory, University Center for Health Research, CURS-UPJV, Picardy Jules Verne University, 80054, Amiens cedex 1, France.
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Valdez-Palomares F, Nambo-Venegas R, Uribe-García J, Mendoza-Vargas A, Granados-Portillo O, Meraz-Cruz N, Palacios-González B. Intestinal microbiota fingerprint in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome responders to a low FODMAP diet. Food Funct 2021; 12:3206-3218. [PMID: 33877245 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03162c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habit. IBS patients report that FODMAP (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols) diet induce or exacerbate their symptoms. It has been reported that low-FODMAP diet (LFD) improves the symptoms in 50%-80% of IBS patients. We aimed to identify IBS responders and non-responders' patients to LFD by determining baseline fecal microbial composition, sequencing the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region. Thirty-two participants with IBS were included, 29 women (90.62%) and three men (9.37%), and instructed to follow a four-week LFD, Visual Analogue Scale for IBS was used to assess intervention response. Twenty-two participants were responders (68.75%), and ten were non-responders (31.25%). Differential abundance analysis of Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASVs), before LFD, identified Prevotella 9 and Veillonella genus in responder group, and Barnesiella, Paraprevotella, Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus 1 genus in non-responder group. After LFD, differentially abundant ASVs were only identified in R, belonging to Veilonella, Butyrivibrio, and 5 ASVs belonging to Ruminiclostridium 6 genus. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), was used to classify patients by responsiveness, considering baseline abundance of 5 bacterial genera, LDA accuracy model was 96.87%, correctly classifying 95.45% of in responder group and 100% and non-responder group. In conclusion, bacterial biomarkers are useful to classify IBS individuals by responsiveness to LFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Valdez-Palomares
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Xie Y, Zhao P, Han Z, Li W, Shi D, Xu L, Yi Q. Supplement of High Protein-Enriched Diet Modulates the Diversity of Gut Microbiota in WT or PD-1H-Depleted Mice. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:207-216. [PMID: 33144548 PMCID: PMC9705843 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2008.08003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Supplement of high-protein food plays an important role in improving the symptoms of malnutrition and the immune capacity of the body, but the association of high-protein diet and gut microbiota remained unaddressed. Here, we systematically analyzed the internal organs and gut microbiota in C57(WT) or PD-1H-depleted (KO) mice (T cells were activated) fed with pupae or feed for six weeks. We observed that the body weight gain in the mice fed with pupae increased less significantly than that of the feed group, while the villi and small intestine lengths in the pupa group were reduced compared with that of mice given feed. However, the average body weight of the KO mice increased compared with that of the WT mice fed with pupae or feed. Pupae increased the concentration of blood glucose in WT, but not in KO mice. Moreover, in the feed group, there was no difference in the weight of the internal organs between the WT and KO mice, but in the pupae-fed group, liver weight was decreased and spleen weight was increased compared with that of KO mice. The amounts/plural/amounts of Melainabacteria, Chloroflexi, and Armatimonadetes were specifically upregulated by pupae, and this upregulation was weakened or eliminated by PD-1H depletion. Some bacteria with high abundance in the feed-fed KO mice, such as Deferribacteres, Melainabacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes and Verrucomicrobia, were decreased in pupae-fed KO mice, and Proteobacteria and Deinococcus were specifically enriched in pupae-fed KO mice. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Akkermansia were associated with weight loss in the pupaefed group while Lachnospiraceae and Anaerobiospirillum were related glucose metabolism and energy consumption. Based on high-throughput sequencing, we discovered that some gut bacteria specifically regulated the metabolism of a high-protein diet, and PD-1H deficiency improved life quality and sustained blood glucose. Moreover, PD-1H responses to high-protein diet through modulating the type and quantity of gut bacteria. These findings provide evidence about the association among gut microbiota, T cell activation (for PD-1H depletion) and high-protein diet metabolism, have important theoretical significance for nutrition and health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Xie
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China,Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Han
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Dan Shi
- Fever Clinic, Dianjiang County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Chongqing, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, P.R. China
| | - Qiying Yi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +8602363316775 Fax: +023-68486187 E-mail:
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Littlejohn P, Finlay BB. When a pandemic and an epidemic collide: COVID-19, gut microbiota, and the double burden of malnutrition. BMC Med 2021; 19:31. [PMID: 33504332 PMCID: PMC7840385 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-01910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that the COVID-19 pandemic will drastically increase all forms of malnutrition. Of particular concern, yet understated, is the potential to increase the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) epidemic. This coexistence of undernutrition together with overweight and obesity, or diet-related non-communicable disease (NCD), within low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) is increasing rapidly. Although multiple factors contribute to the DBM, food insecurity (FI) and gut microbiota dysbiosis play a crucial role. Both under- and overnutrition have been shown to be a consequence of food insecurity. The gut microbiota has also been recently implicated in playing a role in under- and overnutrition, with altered community structure and function common to both. The pandemic has already caused significant shifts in food availability which has immediate effects on the gut microbiome. In this opinion paper, we discuss how COVID-19 may indirectly exacerbate the DBM through food insecurity and the gut microbiome. MAIN TEXT The World Food Programme (WFP) estimates that 265 million people in LMICs will experience acute hunger in 2020 due to the pandemic, nearly doubling the original projection of 135 million. Global border closures to food trade, loss of food production, and stark decline in household income will exacerbate starvation while simultaneously necessitating that families resort to calorie-dense, nutrient-poor foods, thereby increasing obesity. While food insecurity, which is the persistent lack of consistent access to adequate and nutrient-rich foods, will primarily drive nutrition behavior, the gut microbiome is perhaps a key biological mechanism. Numerous human and animal studies describe low diversity and an increase in inflammatory species as characteristic features of the undernourished and overnourished gut microbiota. Indeed, fecal transplant studies show that microbiota transfer from undernourished and overnourished humans to germ-free mice lacking a microbiome transfers the physical and metabolic phenotype, suggesting a causal role for the microbiota in under- and overnutrition. The observed microbiome dysbiosis within severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coupled with the DBM presents a viscous cycle. CONCLUSION Low- to mid-income countries will likely see an increase in the DBM epidemic. Providing access to nutritious foods and protecting individuals' gut microbiome to "flatten the curve" of the DBM trajectory should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Littlejohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Stavropoulou E, Kantartzi K, Tsigalou C, Konstantinidis T, Romanidou G, Voidarou C, Bezirtzoglou E. Focus on the Gut-Kidney Axis in Health and Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:620102. [PMID: 33553216 PMCID: PMC7859267 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.620102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent new developments in technology with culture-independent techniques including genome sequencing methodologies shed light on the identification of microbiota bacterial species and their role in health and disease. Microbiome is actually reported as an important predictive tool for evaluating characteristic shifts in case of disease. Our present review states the development of different renal diseases and pathologies linked to the intestinal dysbiosis, which impacts on host homeostasis. The gastrointestinal-kidney dialogue provides intriguing features in the pathogenesis of several renal diseases. Without any doubt, investigation of this interconnection consists one of the most cutting-edge areas of research with potential implications on our health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Stavropoulou
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Konstantia Kantartzi
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profile between Normal and Moderate Malnutrition Children in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010127. [PMID: 33430510 PMCID: PMC7826765 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition has been associated with the gut microbiota composition and the gastrointestinal environment. This study aimed to evaluate whether there is a difference in the gut microbiota profile between the normal and undernutrition (considered moderate malnutrition) children and evaluate the gastrointestinal environment observed from the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile. Ten days' observations were done between normal (n:13) and undernutrition (n:15) children. The subject's diet was recorded using a food record. Analysis of the gut microbiota was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3-V4 variables region, while the SCFA profile was analyzed using gas chromatography. The result shows that the undernutrition group's energy intake was lower than in the normal group. Although there was no difference in diversity index and overall gut composition, overexpression of the genera Methanobrevibacter, Anaerococcus, Eubacterium, and Succinivibrio was observed in the undernutrition group. Meanwhile, in the normal group, Ruminococcus and Fusobacterium were found. In both groups, there was also the dominant of Prevotella enterotype. Gastrointestinal conditions in the normal group tended to be more acidic compared to the undernutrition group. It occurs due to the high concentration of propionate and butyric acids.
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Carrizales-Sánchez AK, García-Cayuela T, Hernández-Brenes C, Senés-Guerrero C. Gut microbiota associations with metabolic syndrome and relevance of its study in pediatric subjects. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1960135. [PMID: 34491882 PMCID: PMC8425709 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1960135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity and T2DM have shown a recent alarming increase due to important changes in global lifestyle and dietary habits, highlighting the need for urgent and novel solutions to improve global public health. Gut microbiota has been shown to be relevant in human health and its dysbiosis has been associated with MetS, a health condition linked to the onset of relevant diseases including T2DM. Even though there have been recent improvements in the understanding of gut microbiota-host interactions, pediatric gut microbiota has been poorly studied compared to adults. This review provides an overview of MetS and its relevance in school-age children, discusses gut microbiota and its possible association with this metabolic condition including relevant emerging gut microbiome-based interventions for its prevention and treatment, and outlines future challenges and perspectives in preventing microbiota dysbiosis from the early stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomás García-Cayuela
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
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63
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Bailén M, Bressa C, Martínez-López S, González-Soltero R, Montalvo Lominchar MG, San Juan C, Larrosa M. Microbiota Features Associated With a High-Fat/Low-Fiber Diet in Healthy Adults. Front Nutr 2020; 7:583608. [PMID: 33392236 PMCID: PMC7775391 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.583608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A high intake of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) is related to an increased risk of obesity, inflammation and cancer-related diseases, and this risk is attenuated only when SFAs are replaced by unsaturated fats and unrefined carbohydrates. The gut microbiota has recently emerged as a new environmental factor in the pathophysiology of these disorders, and is also one of the factors most influenced by diet. We sought to determine whether the gut microbiota of healthy individuals whose intake of SFAs exceeds World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations exhibits features similar to those reported in people with obesity, inflammation, cancer or metabolic disease. Healthy non-obese subjects were divided into two groups based on their SFAs intake. Body composition and gut microbiota composition were analyzed, and associations between bacterial taxa, diet and body fat composition were determined globally and separately by sex. Metagenome functional pathways were predicted by PICRUSt analysis. Subjects whose SFAs intake exceeded WHO recommendations also had a dietary pattern of low fiber intake. This high saturated fat/low fiber diet was associated with a greater sequence abundance of the Anaerotruncus genus, a butyrate producer associated with obesity. Analysis of data of high SFAs intake by sex showed that females presented with a greater abundance of Campylobacter, Blautia, Flavonifractor and Erysipelatoclostridium, whereas males showed higher levels of Anaerotruncus, Eisenbergiella, a genus from the order Clostridiales (FamilyXIIIUCG_001) and two genera from the Lachnospiraceae family. PICRUSt analysis confirmed these data, showing a correlation with a decrease in the abundance of sequences encoding for transporters of some metals such as iron, which is needed to maintain a healthy metabolism. Thus, the microbiota of healthy people on a high SFAs diet contain bacterial taxa (Anaerotruncus, Lachnospiraceae Flavonifractor, Campylobacter, Erysipelotrichacea and Eisenbergiella) that could be related to the development of some diseases, especially obesity and other pro-inflammatory diseases in women. In summary, the present study identifies bacterial taxa that could be considered as early predictors for the onset of different diseases in healthy subjects. Also, sex differences in gut microbiota suggest that women and men differentially benefit from following a specific diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Bailén
- MAS Microbiota Group, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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64
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Lee J, Lee S, Mayta A, Mrdjen I, Weghorst C, Knobloch T. Microcystis toxin-mediated tumor promotion and toxicity lead to shifts in mouse gut microbiome. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111204. [PMID: 32871519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the most prevalent cyanotoxins reported in freshwater. While numerous studies have examined the toxicological impacts of MCs on mammalian systems, very few have examined the chronic impacts of MCs on the gut microbiome of exposed organisms. Our understanding of the relationship of MCs, especially lysed toxic cyanobacteria, and the gut microbiota is very limited. The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of MC-LR and Microcystis lysate ingestion on the gut microbiome in a hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model, simulating a high-risk population and exposure at an environmentally relevant MC level. Mice were assigned to 4 groups (MC-LR; Microcystis lysate; Negative control; Positive (liver carcinogen) control). Fecal samples were collected every 8 weeks. Bacterial community and colony counts were analyzed. The abundance of Firmicutes in the positive control and lysate group was higher than the negative control and MC group. Exposure to MC-LR or lysate was associated with significantly decreased bacterial diversity. A distinct separation of the three groups (MC-LR/lysate/carcinogen) from the negative was much more apparent in their gut microbiome as the exposure time increased. The MC-LR and lysate groups showed gut microbiome structure responding to lipid metabolism disturbance and high stress. Bacterial colony count was significantly lower in all the treated groups than the negative control. Our study highlights that chronic exposure to MC-LR and Microcystis lysate negatively impacts gut microbiome succession and altered the bacterial community structure into the one similar to the carcinogen group, which may indicate that the change favors progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. In a future study, more in-depth investigation is warranted to better understand the liver-gut nexus in promoting liver cancer among those exposed to MC and toxic cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Alba Mayta
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Igor Mrdjen
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christopher Weghorst
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Thomas Knobloch
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, United States
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65
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Toe LC, Kerckhof FM, De Bodt J, Morel FB, Ouedraogo JB, Kolsteren P, Van de Wiele T. A prebiotic-enhanced lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNSp) increases Bifidobacterium relative abundance and enhances short-chain fatty acid production in simulated colonic microbiota from undernourished infants. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5858895. [PMID: 32568403 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Undernutrition remains a public health problem in the developing world with an attributable under-five death proportion of 45%. Lower gut microbiota diversity and poor metabolic output are associated with undernutrition and new therapeutic paths may come from steering gut microbiota composition and functionality. Using a dynamic gut model, the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®), we investigated the effect of a lipid-based nutrient supplement enriched with prebiotics (LNSp), compared to LNS alone and control treatment, on the composition and metabolic functionality of fecal microbiota from three infants suffering from undernutrition. LNS elicited a significant increase in acetate and branched-chain fatty acid production, and a higher relative abundance of the genera Prevotella, Megasphaera, Acinetobacter, Acidaminococcus and Pseudomonas. In contrast, LNSp treatment resulted in a significant 9-fold increase in Bifidobacterium relative abundance and a decrease in that of potential pathogens and detrimental bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae spp. and Bilophila sp. Moreover, the LNSp treatment resulted in a significantly higher production of acetate, butyrate and propionate, as compared to control and LNS. Our results suggest that provision of prebiotic-enhanced LNS to undernourished children could be a possible strategy to steer the microbiota toward a more beneficial composition and metabolic activity. Further in vivo investigations are needed to assess these effects and their repercussion on nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laeticia Celine Toe
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Avenue de la Liberté 399, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Jana De Bodt
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fanny B Morel
- Nutriset SAS, Hameau du Bois Ricard, CS 80035, 76770 Malaunay, France
| | - Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Avenue de la Liberté 399, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Patrick Kolsteren
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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66
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Dehghanbanadaki H, Aazami H, Keshavarz Azizi Raftar S, Ashrafian F, Ejtahed HS, Hashemi E, Hoseini Tavassol Z, Ahmadi Badi S, Siadat SD. Global scientific output trend for Akkermansia muciniphila research: a bibliometric and scientometric analysis. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2020; 20:291. [PMID: 33167984 PMCID: PMC7654583 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-020-01312-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Akkermansia muciniphila is an anaerobic bacterium residing in the healthy intestinal tract of host and its quantity has a negative correlation with various host diseases. This study for the first time provides a holistic bibliometric aspect of Akkermansi muciniphila research in the literature and shows the hot topic terms of these articles in any period of time. METHODS Scopus database was selected to retrieve documents relevant to Akkermansia muciniphila in any language up to 2019. The bibliometric profile of Akkermansia muciniphila articles including subject area, year distribution, citations, institutions, journals, authors, and countries was systematically characterized and the collaboration networks of authors and countries as well as the burst detection algorithm of the words in the titles, abstracts and keywords were visualized. RESULTS There is a progressive growing trend in research on Akkermansia from 2004 to 2019 with a total of 566 articles during this period. Out of 353 original articles, there are 194 animal studies (155 studies on mice) and 112 human studies. Also, 65 various diseases were investigated in these studies. The most focused conditions are obesity (71 articles) and type2 diabetes (39 articles). The United States is the leading country on Akkermansia publications (n = 132), followed by China (n = 95). Frontiers in Microbiology is the most dominant journal with 23 Akkermansia publications. In addition, "cancer" is the hot topic of recent Akkermansia research. CONCLUSION Akkermansia research is of progressive interest during the last decade and the studies on this subject move towards its relationship with cancer and its promising effect on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojat Dehghanbanadaki
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aazami
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Scientometrics Department, FarIdea Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Keshavarz Azizi Raftar
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ashrafian
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Hashemi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,National Research Center for Transgenic Mouse, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hoseini Tavassol
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. .,Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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A Multi-Omic Analysis for Low Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women Suggests a RELATIONSHIP between Diet, Metabolites, and Microbiota. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111630. [PMID: 33105628 PMCID: PMC7690388 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of microbiota composition and its health on bone tissue is a novel field for research. However, their associations with bone mineral density (BMD) have not been established in postmenopausal women. The present study investigates the relation of diet, the microbiota composition, and the serum metabolic profile in postmenopausal women with normal-BMD or with low-BMD. Ninety-two Mexican postmenopausal women were classified into normal-BMD (n = 34) and low-BMD (n = 58). The V4 hypervariable region was sequenced using the Miseq platform. Serum vitamin D was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum concentrations of acyl-carnitines and amino acids were determined by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Diet was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. The low-BMD group had fewer observed species, higher abundance of γ-Proteobacteria, lower consumption of lycopene, and lower concentrations of leucine, valine, and tyrosine compared with the normal-BMD group. These amino acids correlated positively with the abundance of Bacteroides. Lycopene consumption positively correlated with Oscillospira and negatively correlated with Pantoea genus abundance. Finally, the intestinal microbiota of women with vitamin D deficiency was related to Erysipelotrichaceae and Veillonellaceae abundance compared to the vitamin D non-deficient group. Associations mediated by the gut microbiota between diet and circulating metabolites with low-BMD were identified.
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68
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Gut Microbiome in Children from Indigenous and Urban Communities in México: Different Subsistence Models, Different Microbiomes. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101592. [PMID: 33081076 PMCID: PMC7602701 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is an important component that defines host health. Childhood is a particularly important period for the establishment and development of gut microbiota (GM). We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene from fecal samples of children between 5 and 10 years old, in two Mexican communities with contrasting lifestyles, i.e., “Westernized” (México City, n = 13) and “non-Westernized” (Me’phaa indigenous group, n = 29), in order to characterize and compare their GM. The main differences between these two communities were in bacteria associated with different types of diets (high animal protein and refined sugars vs. high fiber food, respectively). In addition, the GM of Me’phaa children showed higher total diversity and the presence of exclusive phyla, such as Deinococcus-Thermus, Chloroflexi, Elusimicrobia, Acidobacteria, and Fibrobacteres. In contrast, the children from México City showed less diversity and the presence of Saccharibacteria phylum, which was associated with the degradation of sugar compounds and was not present in the samples from Me’phaa children. This comparison provided further knowledge of the selective pressures affecting microbial ecosystemic composition over the course of human evolution and the potential consequences of pathophysiological states correlated with Westernization lifestyles.
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Duri K, Gumbo FZ, Munjoma PT, Chandiwana P, Mhandire K, Ziruma A, Macpherson A, Rusakaniko S, Gomo E, Misselwitz B, Mazengera LR. The University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences (UZ-CHS) BIRTH COHORT study: rationale, design and methods. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:725. [PMID: 33008316 PMCID: PMC7532096 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commencing lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) immediately following HIV diagnosis (Option B+), has greatly improved maternal-infant health. Thus, large and increasing numbers of HIV-infected women are on ART during pregnancy, a situation concurrently increasing numbers of HIV-exposed-uninfected (HEU) infants. Compared to their HIV-unexposed-uninfected (HUU) counterparts, HEU infants show higher rates of adverse birth outcomes, mortality, infectious/non-communicable diseases including impaired growth and neurocognitive development. There is an urgent need to understand the impact of HIV and early life ART exposures, immune-metabolic dysregulation, comorbidities and environmental confounders on adverse paediatric outcomes. METHODS Six hundred (600) HIV-infected and 600 HIV-uninfected pregnant women ≥20 weeks of gestation will be enrolled from four primary health centres in high density residential areas of Harare. Participants will be followed up as mother-infant-pairs at delivery, week(s) 1, 6, 10, 14, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 after birth. Clinical, socio-economic, nutritional and environmental data will be assessed for adverse birth outcomes, impaired growth, immune/neurodevelopment, vertical transmission of HIV, hepatitis-B/C viruses, cytomegalovirus and syphilis. Maternal urine, stool, plasma, cord blood, amniotic fluid, placenta and milk including infant plasma, dried blood spot and stool will be collected at enrolment and follow-up visits. The composite primary endpoint is stillbirth and infant mortality within the first two years of life in HEU versus HUU infants. Maternal mortality in HIV-infected versus -uninfected women is another primary outcome. Secondary endpoints include a range of maternal and infant outcomes. Sub-studies will address maternal stress and malnutrition, maternal-infant latent tuberculosis, Helicobacter pylori infections, immune-metabolomic dysregulation including gut, breast milk and amniotic fluid dysbiosis. DISCUSSION The University of Zimbabwe-College of Health-Sciences-Birth-Cohort study will provide a comprehensive assessment of risk factors and biomarkers for HEU infants' adverse outcomes. This will ultimately help developing strategies to mitigate effects of maternal HIV, early-life ART exposures and comorbidities on infants' mortality and morbidity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT04087239 . Registered 12 September 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerina Duri
- Department of Immunology, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences (UZ-CHS), P.O. Box A178 Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
| | - Felicity Z Gumbo
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, UZ-CHS, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Privilege T Munjoma
- Department of Immunology, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences (UZ-CHS), P.O. Box A178 Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | | | - Asaph Ziruma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UZ-CHS, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Andrew Macpherson
- Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern and Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Exnevia Gomo
- UZ-CHS Research Support Centre, UZ-CHS, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, UZ-CHS, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern and Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lovemore Ronald Mazengera
- Department of Immunology, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences (UZ-CHS), P.O. Box A178 Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
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70
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Zhou C, Zhou X, Wen Z, Liu L, Yang Z, Yang L, Li P, Guo X, Mei X. Compound Fu brick tea modifies the intestinal microbiome composition in high-fat diet-induced obesity mice. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5508-5520. [PMID: 33133553 PMCID: PMC7590332 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound Fu Brick Tea (CFBT), which is from Duyun city in China, is a traditional Chinese dark tea, Fu Brick Tea, mixed with six herbal medicine. It is consumed by local people for reducing weight, but the mechanism is not clear. The disorder of intestinal microbiome caused by long-term high-fat diet (HFD) is one of the inducements of obesity and related metabolic syndrome. In this study, mice were fed with HFD to establish a high-fat model. Fifty mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal control (CK), HFD model control (NK), positive control with medicine (YK), CFBT groups with low, middle, and high dose (FL, FM, FH). The V3-V4 DNA region of fecal microbiome from mouse intestine was sequenced. The results showed that the diversity of intestinal microflora was highest in CK and lowest in NK. Compared with CK, the dominant bacterium Firmicutes was increased and Bacteroidetes decreased at phylum level in NK. Compared with NK, the abundance of microbiome in CFBT groups was significantly higher and the composition was changed: Muribaculaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Prevotellaceae increased and Lachnospiraceae decreased in CFBT groups at family level, while at the genus level, Bacteroides increased and Lactobacillus decreased. These results conclude that CFBT can increase the abundance of intestinal microbiome in mice, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria, and restore the imbalance of intestinal microbiome caused by poor diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caibi Zhou
- College of Biological Science and AgricultureQiannan Normal University for NationalitiesDuyunChina
| | - Xiaolu Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhirui Wen
- College of Biological Science and AgricultureQiannan Normal University for NationalitiesDuyunChina
| | - Liming Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zaibo Yang
- College of Biological Science and AgricultureQiannan Normal University for NationalitiesDuyunChina
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Biological Science and AgricultureQiannan Normal University for NationalitiesDuyunChina
| | - Ping Li
- College of Biological Science and AgricultureQiannan Normal University for NationalitiesDuyunChina
| | - Xiying Guo
- College of Biological Science and AgricultureQiannan Normal University for NationalitiesDuyunChina
| | - Xin Mei
- College of Biological Science and AgricultureQiannan Normal University for NationalitiesDuyunChina
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García-Rodríguez MH, Peña-Espinoza BI, de Los Angeles Granados-Silvestre M, Ortiz-López MG, Menjivar M. Association of the T130I Variant of the HNF4A Gene with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Mexican Children. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 18:479-484. [PMID: 32857684 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of risk factors, leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The second leading cause of mortality in Mexico is T2D. Genetic factors participate in the pathogenesis of MetS. The HNFA gene encodes a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis by regulating the metabolism of glucose and lipids. This study aimed to investigate the association of the T130I variant of the HNF4A gene in Mexican children with MetS and its constituent components. Methods: The study was performed in 477 children from elementary schools. MetS was classified according to the de Ferranti definition. Biochemical parameters were measured and genotyping was performed. Logistic regression under a dominant genetic model was used to analyze the association of the T130I variant of the HNF4A gene with MetS and with its components separately. Results: The prevalence of MetS was 25.4%, and 18.9% in children who presented insulin resistance. Interestingly, this is the first time that a significant association between the T130I variant of the HNF4A gene and MetS has been reported [odds ratios (OR) = 2.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-4.83; P = 0.026]. Moreover, carriers of the risk allele show higher abdominal obesity (OR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.09-4.50; P = 0.029). These findings highlight the active role of genetic variants in the pathogenesis of MetS in Mexican children. Conclusions: The high prevalence of children with MetS and insulin resistance places this population at an elevated risk of early CVD and T2D. The Clinical Trial Registration Number is HJM2315/14C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Itzel Peña-Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica de la Diabetes, Unidad Académica de Ciencias y Tecnología de la UNAM en Yucatán, Yucatán, México
| | | | | | - Marta Menjivar
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Laboratorio de Genómica de la Diabetes, Unidad Académica de Ciencias y Tecnología de la UNAM en Yucatán, Yucatán, México
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Health Impact and Therapeutic Manipulation of the Gut Microbiome. High Throughput 2020; 9:ht9030017. [PMID: 32751130 PMCID: PMC7564083 DOI: 10.3390/ht9030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in microbiome studies have revealed much information about how the gut virome, mycobiome, and gut bacteria influence health and disease. Over the years, many studies have reported associations between the gut microflora under different pathological conditions. However, information about the role of gut metabolites and the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affect health and disease does not provide enough evidence. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and metabolomics coupled with large, randomized clinical trials are helping scientists to understand whether gut dysbiosis precedes pathology or gut dysbiosis is secondary to pathology. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge on the impact of gut bacteria, virome, and mycobiome interactions with the host and how they could be manipulated to promote health.
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73
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Hou XD, Yan N, Du YM, Liang H, Zhang ZF, Yuan XL. Consumption of Wild Rice ( Zizania latifolia) Prevents Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease through the Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Mice Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5375. [PMID: 32751062 PMCID: PMC7432455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) due to excess weight and obesity threatens public health worldwide. Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to obesity and related diseases. The cholesterol-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of wild rice have been reported in several studies; however, whether it has beneficial effects on the gut microbiota is unknown. Here, we show that wild rice reduces body weight, liver steatosis, and low-grade inflammation, and improves insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. High-throughput 16S rRNA pyrosequencing demonstrated that wild rice treatment significantly changed the gut microbiota composition in mice fed an HFD. The richness and diversity of the gut microbiota were notably decreased upon wild rice consumption. Compared with a normal chow diet (NCD), HFD feeding altered 117 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and wild rice supplementation reversed 90 OTUs to the configuration in the NCD group. Overall, our results suggest that wild rice may be used as a probiotic agent to reverse HFD-induced MAFLD through the modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Hou
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.-D.H.); (N.Y.); (Y.-M.D.); (Z.-F.Z.)
| | - Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.-D.H.); (N.Y.); (Y.-M.D.); (Z.-F.Z.)
| | - Yong-Mei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.-D.H.); (N.Y.); (Y.-M.D.); (Z.-F.Z.)
| | - Hui Liang
- College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266101, China;
| | - Zhong-Feng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.-D.H.); (N.Y.); (Y.-M.D.); (Z.-F.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Long Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China; (X.-D.H.); (N.Y.); (Y.-M.D.); (Z.-F.Z.)
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74
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Lim YY, Lee YS, Ooi DSQ. Engineering the Gut Microbiome for Treatment of Obesity: A Review of Current Understanding and Progress. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e2000013. [PMID: 32663372 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex, multifactorial disease that is increasing in prevalence despite extensive research and efforts to curb it. Over the last decade, gut microbiome has emerged as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of obesity. Microbiome profile is altered in obese phenotype and the causative role of microbiome in obesity is demonstrated in fecal microbiota transplantation studies. Herein, recent evidences supporting the role of gut microbiome in obesity and the current therapies designed to engineer gut microbiome for treatment of obesity will be reviewed. The microbial enterotypes associated with obesity is outlined, and the gut microbiota-driven metabolism and low-grade inflammation linking gut microbiome and obesity is examined. How the different intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as host genetics, mode of childbirth delivery, diet, lifestyle habits and use of antibiotics influence the composition of the gut microbiome in the development of obesity is evaluated. Also, the efficacy of current microbiome-based therapies in the forms of prebiotics, probiotics and engineered microbes that are used to manipulate gut microbiome in treating obesity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Yijuan Lim
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Delicia Shu Qin Ooi
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
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75
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Machate DJ, Figueiredo PS, Marcelino G, Guimarães RDCA, Hiane PA, Bogo D, Pinheiro VAZ, de Oliveira LCS, Pott A. Fatty Acid Diets: Regulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Dysbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4093. [PMID: 32521778 PMCID: PMC7312778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term high-fat dietary intake plays a crucial role in the composition of gut microbiota in animal models and human subjects, which affect directly short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and host health. This review aims to highlight the interplay of fatty acid (FA) intake and gut microbiota composition and its interaction with hosts in health promotion and obesity prevention and its related metabolic dysbiosis. The abundance of the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, as Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria species are associated with increased SCFA production, reported high-fat diet rich in medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as well as low-fat diets rich in long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). SCFAs play a key role in health promotion and prevention and, reduction and reversion of metabolic syndromes in the host. Furthermore, in this review, we discussed the type of fatty acids and their amount, including the administration time and their interplay with gut microbiota and its results about health or several metabolic dysbioses undergone by hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Johane Machate
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (D.J.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Priscila Silva Figueiredo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (P.S.F.); (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (D.B.); (V.A.Z.P.)
| | - Gabriela Marcelino
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (P.S.F.); (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (D.B.); (V.A.Z.P.)
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (P.S.F.); (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (D.B.); (V.A.Z.P.)
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (P.S.F.); (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (D.B.); (V.A.Z.P.)
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (P.S.F.); (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (D.B.); (V.A.Z.P.)
| | - Verônica Assalin Zorgetto Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (P.S.F.); (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (D.B.); (V.A.Z.P.)
| | | | - Arnildo Pott
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (D.J.M.); (A.P.)
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76
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Ji Y, Yin Y, Sun L, Zhang W. The Molecular and Mechanistic Insights Based on Gut-Liver Axis: Nutritional Target for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093066. [PMID: 32357561 PMCID: PMC7247681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is recognized as the most frequent classification of liver disease around the globe. Along with the sequencing technologies, gut microbiota has been regarded as a vital factor for the maintenance of human and animal health and the mediation of multiple diseases. The modulation of gut microbiota as a mechanism affecting the pathogenesis of NAFLD is becoming a growing area of concern. Recent advances in the communication between gut and hepatic tissue pave novel ways to better explain the molecular mechanisms regarding the pathological physiology of NAFLD. In this review, we recapitulate the current knowledge of the mechanisms correlated with the development and progression of NAFLD regulated by the gut microbiome and gut-liver axis, which may provide crucial therapeutic strategies for NAFLD. These mechanisms predominantly involve: (1) the alteration in gut microbiome profile; (2) the effects of components and metabolites from gut bacteria (e.g., lipopolysaccharides (LPS), trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), and N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid (TMAVA)); and (3) the impairment of intestinal barrier function and bile acid homeostasis. In particular, the prevention and therapy of NAFLD assisted by nutritional strategies are highlighted, including probiotics, functional oligosaccharides, dietary fibers, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, functional amino acids (L-tryptophan and L-glutamine), carotenoids, and polyphenols, based on the targets excavated from the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yue Yin
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (W.Z.); Fax.: +86-10-82802183 (Y.Y.); +86-10-82802183 (W.Z.)
| | | | - Weizhen Zhang
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (W.Z.); Fax.: +86-10-82802183 (Y.Y.); +86-10-82802183 (W.Z.)
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77
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Endocrine Disruptors in Food: Impact on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041158. [PMID: 32326280 PMCID: PMC7231259 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) have been associated with the increased incidence of metabolic disorders. In this work, we conducted a systematic review of the literature in order to identify the current knowledge of the interactions between EDCs in food, the gut microbiota, and metabolic disorders in order to shed light on this complex triad. Exposure to EDCs induces a series of changes including microbial dysbiosis and the induction of xenobiotic pathways and associated genes, enzymes, and metabolites involved in EDC metabolism. The products and by-products released following the microbial metabolism of EDCs can be taken up by the host; therefore, changes in the composition of the microbiota and in the production of microbial metabolites could have a major impact on host metabolism and the development of diseases. The remediation of EDC-induced changes in the gut microbiota might represent an alternative course for the treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases.
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78
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Metatranscriptomic analysis to define the Secrebiome, and 16S rRNA profiling of the gut microbiome in obesity and metabolic syndrome of Mexican children. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:61. [PMID: 32143621 PMCID: PMC7060530 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the last decade, increasing evidence has shown that changes in human gut microbiota are associated with diseases, such as obesity. The excreted/secreted proteins (secretome) of the gut microbiota affect the microbial composition, altering its colonization and persistence. Furthermore, it influences microbiota-host interactions by triggering inflammatory reactions and modulating the host's immune response. The metatranscriptome is essential to elucidate which genes are expressed under diseases. In this regard, little is known about the expressed secretome in the microbiome. Here, we use a metatranscriptomic approach to delineate the secretome of the gut microbiome of Mexican children with normal weight (NW) obesity (O) and obesity with metabolic syndrome (OMS). Additionally, we performed the 16S rRNA profiling of the gut microbiota. Results Out of the 115,712 metatranscriptome genes that codified for proteins, 30,024 (26%) were predicted to be secreted, constituting the Secrebiome of the gut microbiome. The 16S profiling confirmed an increased abundance in Firmicutes and decreased in Bacteroidetes in the obesity groups, and a significantly higher richness and diversity than the normal weight group. We found novel biomarkers for obesity with metabolic syndrome such as increased Coriobacteraceae, Collinsela, and Collinsella aerofaciens; Erysipelotrichaceae, Catenibacterium and Catenibacterium sp., and decreased Parabacteroides distasonis, which correlated with clinical and anthropometric parameters associated to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Related to the Secrebiome, 16 genes, homologous to F. prausniitzi, were overexpressed for the obese and 15 genes homologous to Bacteroides, were overexpressed in the obesity with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, a significant enrichment of CAZy enzymes was found in the Secrebiome. Additionally, significant differences in the antigenic density of the Secrebiome were found between normal weight and obesity groups. Conclusions These findings show, for the first time, the role of the Secrebiome in the functional human-microbiota interaction. Our results highlight the importance of metatranscriptomics to provide novel information about the gut microbiome’s functions that could help us understand the impact of the Secrebiome on the homeostasis of its human host. Furthermore, the metatranscriptome and 16S profiling confirmed the importance of treating obesity and obesity with metabolic syndrome as separate conditions to better understand the interplay between microbiome and disease.
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79
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Liu K, Zhang Y, Li Q, Li H, Long D, Yan S, Huang W, Long R, Huang X. Ethnic Differences Shape the Alpha but Not Beta Diversity of Gut Microbiota from School Children in the Absence of Environmental Differences. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E254. [PMID: 32075068 PMCID: PMC7074779 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the human gut microbiome is shaped by factors such as diet, environment, and genetic background, most studies investigating the relationship between ethnicity and microbiota have compared groups living in separate geographical locations. To isolate the effects of ethnicity on microbial diversity by minimizing environmental differences, we selected 143 school children from Han, Tibetan, and Hui populations from the same town on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau for fecal microbiome 16S rDNA sequencing. We characterized the diversity, identified signature taxa, and performed correlation analysis between diet and community composition. Firmicutes (47.61%) and Bacteroidetes (38.05%) were dominant phyla among the three ethnic groups; seven genera showed significant differences in relative abundance. Tibetan populations had a higher relative abundance of Oscillibacter and Barnesiella, compared with Han and Hui populations. Alpha diversity analyses (observed species, ACE, and Shannon indices) showed that the Tibetan population had the highest diversity compared to the Hui and Han groups, whereas beta diversity analysis revealed no significant differences between groups. The consumption of grains, milk, eggs, and fruits were positively correlated with specific taxa. Under similar environments and diet, ethnic background significantly contributed to differences in alpha diversity but not beta diversity of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yongling Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Qinglin Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Huan Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Danfeng Long
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shijuan Yan
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (S.Y.)
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianhe Distinct, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianhe Distinct, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Ruijun Long
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 222 TianshuiNanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China; (K.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (H.L.); (D.L.); (S.Y.)
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80
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Ejtahed HS, Angoorani P, Soroush AR, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Siadat SD, Larijani B. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites in obesity: a systematic review. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2020; 39:65-76. [PMID: 32775123 PMCID: PMC7392910 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2019-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that gut microbiota-derived metabolites affect many biological processes of the host, including appetite control and weight management. Dysbiosis of the
gut microbiome in obesity influences the metabolism and excretion of gut microbiota byproducts and consequently affects the physiology of the host. Since identification of the gut
microbiota-host co-metabolites is essential for clarifying the interactions between the intestinal flora and the host, we conducted this systematic review to summarize all human
studies that characterized the gut microbiota-related metabolites in overweight and obese individuals. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases
yielded 2,137 articles documented up to July 2018. After screening abstracts and full texts, 12 articles that used different biosamples and methodologies of metabolic profiling and
fecal microbiota analysis were included. Amino acids and byproducts of amino acids, lipids and lipid-like metabolites, bile acids derivatives, and other metabolites derived from
degradation of carnitine, choline, polyphenols, and purines are among the gut microbiota-derived metabolites which showed alterations in obesity. These metabolites play an
important role in metabolic complications of obesity, including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. The results of this study could be useful in development of
therapeutic strategies with the aim of modulating gut microbiota and consequently the metabolic profile in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th Floor, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave, 1411413137, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooneh Angoorani
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th Floor, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave, 1411413137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad-Reza Soroush
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th Floor, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave, 1411413137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5th Floor, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave, 1411413137, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Davar Siadat
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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81
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Chen K, Nakasone Y, Xie K, Sakao K, Hou DX. Modulation of Allicin-Free Garlic on Gut Microbiome. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030682. [PMID: 32033507 PMCID: PMC7036987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The allicin diallyldisulfid-S-oxide, a major garlic organosulfur compound (OSC) in crushed garlic (Allium sativum L.), possesses antibacterial effects, and influences gut bacteria. In this study, we made allicin-free garlic (AFG) extract and investigated its effects on gut microbiome. C57BL/6N male mice were randomly divided into 6 groups and fed normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with or without AFG in concentrations of 1% and 5% for 11 weeks. The genomic DNAs of feces were used to identify the gut microbiome by sequencing 16S rRNA genes. The results revealed that the ratio of p-Firmicutes to p-Bacteroidetes increased by aging and HFD was reduced by AFG. In particular, the f-Lachnospiraceae, g-Akkermansia, and g-Lactobacillus decreased by aging and HFD was enhanced by AFG. The g-Dorea increased by aging and HFD decreased by AFG. In addition, the ratio of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase to glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GPT/GOT) in serum was significantly increased in the HFD group and decreased by AFG. In summary, our data demonstrated that dietary intervention with AFG is a potential way to balance the gut microbiome disturbed by a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Chen
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (K.C.); (K.X.); (K.S.)
| | | | - Kun Xie
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (K.C.); (K.X.); (K.S.)
| | - Kozue Sakao
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (K.C.); (K.X.); (K.S.)
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture, Forest and Fishery Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (K.C.); (K.X.); (K.S.)
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture, Forest and Fishery Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Correspondence: or
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82
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Sharma M, Li Y, Stoll ML, Tollefsbol TO. The Epigenetic Connection Between the Gut Microbiome in Obesity and Diabetes. Front Genet 2020; 10:1329. [PMID: 32010189 PMCID: PMC6974692 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are becoming an alarming health issue due to elevated incidences of these diseases over the past few decades. Various environmental factors are associated with a number of metabolic diseases and often play a crucial role in this process. Amongst the factors, diet is the most important factor that can regulate these diseases via modulation of the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome participates in multiple metabolic processes in the human body and is mainly responsible for regulation of host metabolism. The alterations in function and composition of the gut microbiota have been known to be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases via induction of epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation by noncoding RNAs. These induced epigenetic modifications can also be regulated by metabolites produced by the gut microbiota including short-chain fatty acids, folates, biotin and trimethylamine-N-oxide. In addition, studies have elucidated the potential role of these microbial-produced metabolites in the pathophysiology of obesity and diabetes. Hence, this review focuses on the interactions between the gut microbiome and epigenetic processes in the regulation and development of obesity and diabetes, which may have potential as a novel preventive or therapeutic approach for several metabolic and other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvi Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Matthew L Stoll
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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83
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Zhao W, Hu Y, Li C, Li N, Zhu S, Tan X, Li M, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Ding Z, Hu L, Liu Z, Sun J. Transplantation of fecal microbiota from patients with alcoholism induces anxiety/depression behaviors and decreases brain mGluR1/PKC ε levels in mouse. Biofactors 2020; 46:38-54. [PMID: 31518024 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that the gut microbiota participates in the psychiatric behavior changes in disorders associated with alcohol. But it still remains unknown whether alcoholism is involved in changes in gut microbiota and its underlying mechanism is also not clear. Here, we tested the gut microbiota of patients with alcoholism and conducted fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from patients with alcoholism to C57BL/6J mice whose gut microbiota had been sharply suppressed with antibiotics (ABX). Then we evaluated their alcohol preference degree, anxiety, and depression-like behaviors and social interaction behaviors, together with molecular changes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Our data indicated that the gut microbiota of patients with alcoholism was drastically different from those of the healthy adults. The abundance of p_Firmicutes was significantly increased whereas p_Bacteroidetes was decreased. Compared to mice transplanted with fecal microbiota from healthy male adults, the mice accepting fecal microbiota from patients with alcoholism showed (a) anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors, (b) decreased social interaction behaviors, (c) spontaneous alcohol preference, and (d) decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), alpha 1 subunit of GABA type A receptor (α1GABAA R) in mPFC and decreased metabotropic glutamate receptors 1 (mGluR1), protein kinase C (PKC) ε in NAc. Overall, our results suggest that fecal microbiota from patients with alcoholism did induce a status like alcohol dependence in C57BL/6J mice. The decreased expression of BDNF, α1GABAA R, and mGluR1/ PKC ε may be the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Zhangqiu District Hospital of TCM, Shandong, China
| | - Chuangang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Shaowei Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Tan
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoxi Ding
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lingming Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zengxun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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84
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Pekkala S, Keskitalo A, Kettunen E, Lensu S, Nykänen N, Kuopio T, Ritvos O, Hentilä J, Nissinen TA, Hulmi JJ. Blocking Activin Receptor Ligands Is Not Sufficient to Rescue Cancer-Associated Gut Microbiota-A Role for Gut Microbial Flagellin in Colorectal Cancer and Cachexia? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111799. [PMID: 31731747 PMCID: PMC6896205 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and cachexia are associated with the gut microbiota and microbial surface molecules. We characterized the CRC-associated microbiota and investigated whether cachexia affects the microbiota composition. Further, we examined the possible relationship between the microbial surface molecule flagellin and CRC. CRC cells (C26) were inoculated into mice. Activin receptor (ACVR) ligands were blocked, either before tumor formation or before and after, to increase muscle mass and prevent muscle loss. The effects of flagellin on C26-cells were studied in vitro. The occurrence of similar phenomena were studied in murine and human tumors. Cancer modulated the gut microbiota without consistent effects of blocking the ACVR ligands. However, continued treatment for muscle loss modified the association between microbiota and weight loss. Several abundant microbial taxa in cancer were flagellated. Exposure of C26-cells to flagellin increased IL6 and CCL2/MCP-1 mRNA and IL6 excretion. Murine C26 tumors expressed more IL6 and CCL2/MCP-1 mRNA than C26-cells, and human CRC tumors expressed more CCL2/MCP-1 than healthy colon sites. Additionally, flagellin decreased caspase-1 activity and the production of reactive oxygen species, and increased cytotoxicity in C26-cells. Conditioned media from flagellin-treated C26-cells deteriorated C2C12-myotubes and decreased their number. In conclusion, cancer increased flagellated microbes that may promote CRC survival and cachexia by inducing inflammatory proteins such as MCP-1. Cancer-associated gut microbiota could not be rescued by blocking ACVR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Pekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland; (E.K.); (S.L.); (J.H.); (T.A.N.); (J.J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-45-358-2898
| | - Anniina Keskitalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Emilia Kettunen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland; (E.K.); (S.L.); (J.H.); (T.A.N.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Sanna Lensu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland; (E.K.); (S.L.); (J.H.); (T.A.N.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Noora Nykänen
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Health Care District, Keskussairaalantie 19, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland; (N.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Teijo Kuopio
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Health Care District, Keskussairaalantie 19, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland; (N.N.); (T.K.)
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Jaakko Hentilä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland; (E.K.); (S.L.); (J.H.); (T.A.N.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Tuuli A. Nissinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland; (E.K.); (S.L.); (J.H.); (T.A.N.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Juha J. Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland; (E.K.); (S.L.); (J.H.); (T.A.N.); (J.J.H.)
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85
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Changes in human gut microbiota composition are linked to the energy metabolic switch during 10 d of Buchinger fasting. J Nutr Sci 2019; 8:e36. [PMID: 31798864 PMCID: PMC6861737 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fasting is increasingly popular to manage metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Despite the role that the human gut microbiota plays in health and diseases, little is known about its composition and functional capacity during prolonged fasting when the external nutrient supply is reduced or suppressed. We analysed the effects of a 10-d periodic fasting on the faecal microbiota of fifteen healthy men. Participants fasted according to the peer-reviewed Buchinger fasting guidelines, which involve a daily energy intake of about 1046 kJ (250 kcal) and an enema every 2 d. Serum biochemistry confirmed the metabolic switch from carbohydrates to fatty acids and ketones. Emotional and physical well-being were enhanced. Faecal 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that fasting caused a decrease in the abundance of bacteria known to degrade dietary polysaccharides such as Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. There was a concomitant increase in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria (Escherichia coli and Bilophila wadsworthia), known to use host-derived energy substrates. Changes in taxa abundance were associated with serum glucose and faecal branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), suggesting that fasting-induced changes in the gut microbiota are associated with host energy metabolism. These effects were reversed after 3 months. SCFA levels were unchanged at the end of the fasting. We also monitored intestinal permeability and inflammatory status. IL-6, IL-10, interferon γ and TNFα levels increased when food was reintroduced, suggesting a reactivation of the postprandial immune response. We suggest that changes in the gut microbiota are part of the physiological adaptations to a 10-d periodic fasting, potentially influencing its beneficial health effects.
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86
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Renson A, Herd P, Dowd JB. Sick Individuals and Sick (Microbial) Populations: Challenges in Epidemiology and the Microbiome. Annu Rev Public Health 2019; 41:63-80. [PMID: 31635533 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome represents a new frontier in understanding the biology of human health. While epidemiology in this area is still in its infancy, its scope will likely expand dramatically over the coming years. To rise to the challenge, we argue that epidemiology should capitalize on its population perspective as a critical complement to molecular microbiome research, allowing for the illumination of contextual mechanisms that may vary more across populations rather than among individuals. We first briefly review current research on social context and the gut microbiome, focusing specifically on socioeconomic status (SES) and race/ethnicity. Next, we reflect on the current state of microbiome epidemiology through the lens of one specific area, the association of the gut microbiome and metabolic disorders. We identify key methodological shortcomings of current epidemiological research in this area, including extensive selection bias, the use of noncompositionally robust measures, and a lack of attention to social factors as confounders or effect modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Renson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA;
| | - Pamela Herd
- McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
| | - Jennifer B Dowd
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, London WC2B 4BG, United Kingdom; .,Current affiliation: Leverhulme Center for Demographic Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 1JD, United Kingdom;
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87
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Lee HS. The interaction between gut microbiome and nutrients on development of human disease through epigenetic mechanisms. Genomics Inform 2019; 17:e24. [PMID: 31610620 PMCID: PMC6808642 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2019.17.3.e24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early environmental exposure is recognized as a key factor for long-term health based on the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis. It considers that early-life nutrition is now being recognized as a major contributor that may permanently program change of organ structure and function toward the development of diseases, in which epigenetic mechanisms are involved. Recent researches indicate early-life environmental factors modulate the microbiome development and the microbiome might be mediate diet-epigenetic interaction. This review aims to define which nutrients involve microbiome development during the critical window of susceptibility to disease, and how microbiome modulation regulates epigenetic changes and influences human health and future prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sun Lee
- Forensic Toxicology Division, Daegu Institute, National Forensic Service, Chilgok 39872, Korea
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88
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Chen K, Xie K, Liu Z, Nakasone Y, Sakao K, Hossain A, Hou DX. Preventive Effects and Mechanisms of Garlic on Dyslipidemia and Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061225. [PMID: 31146458 PMCID: PMC6627858 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) contains prebiotic components, fructans, antibacterial compounds, and organosulfur compounds. The complex ingredients of garlic seem to impart a paradoxical result on the gut microbiome. In this study, we used a mouse model to clarify the effects of whole garlic on the gut microbiome. C57BL/6N male mice were fed with or without whole garlic in normal diet (ND) or in high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Supplementation with whole garlic attenuated HFD-enhanced ratio of serum GPT/GOT (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase/glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), levels of T-Cho (total cholesterol) and LDLs (low-density lipoproteins), and index of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), but had no significant effect in the levels of serum HDL-c (high density lipoprotein cholesterol), TG (total triacylglycerol), and glucose. Moreover, garlic supplementation meliorated the HFD-reduced ratio of villus height/crypt depth, cecum weight, and the concentration of cecal organic acids. Finally, gut microbiota characterization by high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that whole garlic supplementation increased the α-diversity of the gut microbiome, especially increasing the relative abundance of f_Lachnospiraceae and reducing the relative abundance of g_Prevotella. Taken together, our data demonstrated that whole garlic supplementation could meliorate the HFD-induced dyslipidemia and disturbance of gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Chen
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Kun Xie
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Zhuying Liu
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | | | - Kozue Sakao
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
- Kenkoukazoku Co., Kagoshima 892-0848, Japan.
| | - Amzad Hossain
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
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89
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Mohammadkhah AI, Simpson EB, Patterson SG, Ferguson JF. Development of the Gut Microbiome in Children, and Lifetime Implications for Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E160. [PMID: 30486462 PMCID: PMC6306821 DOI: 10.3390/children5120160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that microbiome composition and function is associated with development of obesity and metabolic disease. Microbial colonization expands rapidly following birth, and microbiome composition is particularly variable during infancy. Factors that influence the formation of the gut microbiome during infancy and childhood may have a significant impact on development of obesity and metabolic dysfunction, with life-long consequences. In this review, we examine the determinants of gut microbiome composition during infancy and childhood, and evaluate the potential impact on obesity and cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica I Mohammadkhah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Eoin B Simpson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Stephanie G Patterson
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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