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Ye C, Schousboe JT, Morin SN, Lix LM, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Kanis JA, Leslie WD. FRAX predicts cardiovascular risk in women undergoing osteoporosis screening: the Manitoba bone mineral density registry. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:30-38. [PMID: 38630880 PMCID: PMC11207923 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are highly prevalent in older women, with increasing evidence for shared risk factors and pathogenesis. Although FRAX was developed for the assessment of fracture risk, we hypothesized that it might also provide information on CVD risk. To test the ability of the FRAX tool and FRAX-defined risk factors to predict incident CVD in women undergoing osteoporosis screening with DXA, we performed a retrospective prognostic cohort study which included women aged 50 yr or older with a baseline DXA scan in the Manitoba Bone Mineral Density Registry between March 31, 1999 and March 31, 2018. FRAX scores for major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) were calculated on all participants. Incident MOF and major adverse CV events (MACE; hospitalized acute myocardial infarction [AMI], hospitalized non-hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease [CVA], or all-cause death) were ascertained from linkage to population-based healthcare data. The study population comprised 59 696 women (mean age 65.7 ± 9.4 yr). Over mean 8.7 yr of observation, 6021 (10.1%) had MOF, 12 277 women (20.6%) had MACE, 2274 (3.8%) had AMI, 2061 (3.5%) had CVA, and 10 253 (17.2%) died. MACE rates per 1000 person-years by FRAX risk categories low (10-yr predicted MOF <10%), moderate (10%-19.9%) and high (≥20%) were 13.5, 34.0, and 64.6, respectively. Although weaker than the association with incident MOF, increasing FRAX quintile was associated with increasing risk for MACE (all P-trend <.001), even after excluding prior CVD and adjusting for age. HR for MACE per SD increase in FRAX was 1.99 (95%CI, 1.96-2.02). All FRAX-defined risk factors (except parental hip fracture and lower BMI) were independently associated with higher non-death CV events. Although FRAX is intended for fracture risk prediction, it has predictive value for cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Ye
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - John T Schousboe
- Park Nicollet Clinic and HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington, MN 55425, United States
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Suzanne N Morin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Lisa M Lix
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada
| | - Eugene V McCloskey
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research in Musculoskeletal Ageing, Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research,Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield. Sheffield, SYK, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research in Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, SYK, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Johansson
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research in Musculoskeletal Ageing, Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research,Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield. Sheffield, SYK, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, Hampshire, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - John A Kanis
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research in Musculoskeletal Ageing, Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research,Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield. Sheffield, SYK, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - William D Leslie
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research in Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, SYK, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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Max BL, Mashauri HL. Economic priorities over population health: A political dilemma in addressing noncommunicable diseases in developing countries. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1974. [PMID: 38505686 PMCID: PMC10948585 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The world is observing a rapid shift in the burden of diseases with predominance of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). NCDs contribute to 41 million deaths which is equivalent to 74% of all death globally per year. There is ongoing debate on the approaches to reduce public exposure to NCDs' modifiable risk factors which are of economic potential. As the World Health Organization and the World Bank recommend the implementation of taxation to these factors, still questions arise on the effectiveness, sustainability, and practicality of this strategy. With the ongoing transition globally from consumption of natural to processed foods, it is important to counter-check the best interventions on how to protect people from unhealthy eating behaviors. While taxation on unhealthy food and other products like tobacco has been recommended as one among interventional approaches, its effectiveness on sugar sweetened beverages is not reliable compared to approaches that increase self-control. Despite the perceived economic benefits of tobacco and sugar sweetened products, there is detrimental implication in terms of public health. The introduction of taxation which favors public health faces challenges due to conflict of interest from government authorities and other stakeholders. The intertwined relationship between public health and economic development becomes more obvious during implementation of preventive and control measures against modifiable risk factors for NCDs. It is evident that reaching a balanced rational decision on choosing between economic growth and public health is difficult. Countries should enhance both local and international intersectoral and multisectoral approaches in creating integrative policies which include health component in all non-health policies including economic policies so as to harmonize public health and economic growth during this era of extensive globalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baraka L. Max
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Community Health, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Internal MedicineKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
| | - Harold L. Mashauri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Community Health, Institute of Public HealthKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Internal MedicineKilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
- Department of Internal MedicineKamanga Medics HospitalMwanzaTanzania
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Sharma M, Gaidhane A, Choudhari SG. A Comprehensive Review on Trends and Patterns of Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors in India. Cureus 2024; 16:e57027. [PMID: 38681366 PMCID: PMC11046362 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores the trends and patterns of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in India, with a focus on tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and air pollution. Drawing upon existing literature and data, the review highlights the substantial burden imposed by NCDs and their associated risk factors on public health and healthcare systems in India. Key findings reveal the widespread prevalence of these risk factors, particularly among certain demographic groups and in urban areas. Socioeconomic disparities also play a significant role in shaping the distribution of NCD risk factors across the population. The review underscores the importance of addressing NCD risk factors through evidence-based interventions and policies tailored to the Indian context. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for multi-sectoral collaboration among government agencies, healthcare providers, civil society organizations, academia, industry partners, and communities to mitigate the NCD epidemic effectively. By mobilizing collective efforts and resources, India can make significant strides in preventing and controlling NCDs, thereby enhancing population health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Sharma
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Abhay Gaidhane
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sonali G Choudhari
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Baffsky R, Koshiba C, Muna EL, Maua RF, Ivers R, Peden AE. Assessing violence and injury prevention plans, strategies and indicators in eighteen Pacific Islands countries: an environmental scan. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 44:100985. [PMID: 38226330 PMCID: PMC10788529 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Background Similar to many other resource poor settings, due to competing priorities, injury is often neglected in the Pacific Islands despite being a prevalent cause of death and disability. This study identifies, and synthesises existing plans and strategies, and assesses progress against indicators for the prevention of violence and injury in 18 Pacific Islands nations to identify gaps and highlight opportunities. Methods An environmental scan of known government repositories and Google Advanced was conducted to identify publicly available documents describing/evaluating national-level injury prevention strategies and plans in the Pacific Islands. Data were extracted on the strategy/plan, country, government department responsible, indicators and related progress. Findings We identified 44 relevant documents. Most were published in more resourced countries (e.g., Fiji, Cook Islands) and described strategies/plans relating to traffic injury, injury from natural disaster and/or intimate partner violence. No strategies/plans to prevent injury mechanisms of drowning, falls, suffocation, burns, or electrocution were identified. Progress against only one indicator was reported for road traffic injury in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Interpretation This study suggests that there would be benefit in Pacific Islands nations to develop more robust data systems to assess progress against indicators of existing strategies and plans for traffic-injury, natural disaster and intimate partner violence. Development of strategies and implementation plans to address neglected injury areas such as drowning and falls which account for a significant burden of injury in the Pacific Islands is also recommended. Funding This work was funded by the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific (RG 221962).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Baffsky
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Samuels Building, F25, Samuel Terry Ave, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Candace Koshiba
- Prevention Unit, Division of Behavioural Health, Ministry of Health and Health Services, Palau
| | - Esther L. Muna
- Commonwealth Healthcare Corporation, Saipan, MP, Northern Mariana Islands
| | | | - Rebecca Ivers
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Samuels Building, F25, Samuel Terry Ave, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy E. Peden
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Samuels Building, F25, Samuel Terry Ave, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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R S, R A, P P. Root Cause Analysis of Gaps in Non-communicable Disease Monitoring in a Sub-district Hospital, Tamil Nadu: A Quality Improvement Initiative. Cureus 2024; 16:e57095. [PMID: 38681427 PMCID: PMC11053342 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) present a significant public health challenge globally, and India is deeply affected. With the largest population in the world, India struggles with a high burden of NCDs, encompassing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory conditions. These ailments contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality, placing a strain on healthcare systems. Despite efforts through public health initiatives, NCD monitoring and management remain deficient, especially at grassroots levels. Methods At a sub-district hospital in Tamil Nadu, India, a quality improvement initiative targeted diabetes and hypertension, prevalent NCDs. Utilizing Fishbone analysis and process flow diagrams, we identified gaps in NCD monitoring. Employing the Plan-Do-Study-Act model and reorienting the patient flow, we enhanced NCD monitoring by optimizing patient health record maintenance within the hospital. Results Root cause analysis identified a lack of patient record protocols and patient loss of records as key hindrances in NCD monitoring. We revamped patient flow and implemented a robust record-keeping system, boosting access to patient health records. This initiative was embraced by healthcare providers, enhancing NCD management. Leveraging these records, we assessed control rates of diabetes and hypertension patients effectively. Conclusion The research underscores the importance of maintaining comprehensive patient health records in healthcare centers for enhancing NCD monitoring. These records serve as valuable tools for healthcare providers, aiding in the monitoring and treatment of patients with diabetes and hypertension. By leveraging these records, healthcare providers can achieve better disease control outcomes, thereby improving the overall management of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stalin R
- Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, IND
| | - Angusubalakshmi R
- Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, IND
| | - Priya P
- Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, IND
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Aloud A, Sekhar C. Self-Perceived Nutritional Competency of Primary Healthcare Physicians in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e56145. [PMID: 38618399 PMCID: PMC11015719 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overnutrition plays a vital role in the development of a spectrum of non-communicable diseases. Diet-related disorders have a huge impact on personal health as well as the country's economy for the management of such disorders. The study aims to assess the primary healthcare physicians' nutrition competency, which will be beneficial for evaluating the current situation and future strategies, training, nutrition care, and disease prevention. METHODOLOGY Among 147 primary healthcare physicians by simple random sampling from four cities and two rural areas of Qassim, Saudi Arabia, from December 2022 to December 2023 using a validated (NUTCOMP) tool. Data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed with SPSS software version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Chi-square and ANOVA tests were applied to draw the significant differences. RESULTS A total of 147 participants enrolled in this study, and the mean age and standard deviation (SD) of the study population were 34.38 ± 6.57. More than half of the physicians (n = 76, 51.7%) continued education on nutrition. Significant mean differences were observed between some and focused nutrition content received physicians versus no nutrition content received physicians concerning nutrition skill, communication, and nutrition attitude consecutively (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001). The mean nutrition knowledge, skill, communication, attitude score, and SD of PHCC physicians were 26.91 ± 5.42 (maximum 35), 31.19 ± 6.18 (maximum 40), 36.73 ± 7.48 (maximum 45), and 34.74 ± 6.23 (maximum 40), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study results show primary healthcare physicians perceive themselves to have good nutritional competency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrhman Aloud
- Family and Community Medicine, Family Medicine Academy, Qassim Health Cluster, Buraidah, SAU
| | - Chandra Sekhar
- Family and Community Medicine, Family Medicine Academy, Qassim Health Cluster, Buraidah, SAU
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57
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Konlan KD, Lee H, Afaya A. Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adolescents living in Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1431-1442. [PMID: 37272549 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2218280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the prevalence of and risk factors for hypertension among adolescents in two selected districts in Ghana. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the risk factors of hypertension among adolescents. The overall prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) was 11.6%. The non-modifiable risk factors that predicted high BP were district of residence (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.328, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.328-0.203), age (AOR = 1.540, 95%CI = 1.240-1.913), relationship status (AOR = 1.960 95%CI = 1.059-3.628) and possessing a phone (AOR = 0.538, 95%CI = 0.325-0.890). The modifiable risk factors that predicted high BP were high BMI, not checking BP regularly, and not having an awareness of salt intake. In accordance with these results, prevention programs must focus on adolescent knowledge, lifestyle practices, and attitudes toward control measures. It is important to incorporate health education in school curricula to promote a healthy lifestyle and limit the risks associated with high BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Diema Konlan
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Public Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Hyeonkyeong Lee
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Agani Afaya
- Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
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Sivasubramanian N, Jashubhai DN, Mahalakshmi B, Ekambaram G, kant R. Exploring eating behaviors, knowledge and attitudes of adolescent Indian girls. Bioinformation 2024; 20:165-169. [PMID: 38497072 PMCID: PMC10941785 DOI: 10.6026/973206300200165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Data on the eating behaviors, knowledge, and attitudes of adolescent girls in Visnagar, India, focusing on the prevalence of non-communicable diseases [NCDs] and their association with dietary practices is of interest. Adolescence, a crucial developmental phase, sets the foundation for lifelong health habits, necessitating an understanding of the determinants influencing eating behaviors. The research aims to identify gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices [KAP], providing insights for culturally sensitive public health strategies. Through structured questionnaires and Likert scales, data were collected from a purposive sample of adolescent girls [ages 12-18] in a selected school. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were employed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, considering demographic variables. Non-significant associations were found between these variables and demographics. The mean knowledge score was 25.11, reflecting a moderate level, while the mean attitudes score was 99.54, indicating generally positive attitudes. Adolescent girls demonstrated an overall mean behaviour score of 110.93, with a positive correlation [0.72] between knowledge and behaviors and a stronger correlation [0.99] between attitudes and behaviors. Findings highlight the universal importance of knowledge in influencing eating behaviors and emphasize the need for culturally tailored interventions considering regional influences. The study contributes valuable insights into the interplay of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to eating disorders in adolescent girls, serving as a foundation for targeted public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sivasubramanian
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Nootan College of Nursing, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315, India
| | - Desai Nehaben Jashubhai
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Nootan College of Nursing, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315, India
| | - B Mahalakshmi
- Department of Paediatric Nursing, Nootan College of Nursing, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat - 384315; India
| | - Gnanadesigan Ekambaram
- Department of Physiology, Nootan Medical College & Research Centre, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ravi kant
- Department of Microbiology, Nootan Medical College & Research Centre, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
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Haghighatdoost F, Mehrabani-Zeinabad K, Hajihashemi P, Mohammadifard N, Adibi P. Burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors in the North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:557. [PMID: 38388875 PMCID: PMC10882825 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The geographical differences in incidence rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its burden due to modifiable risk factors warrant investigating the CRC burden and its risk factors in different regions. In the current study, we aimed to estimate the burden of CRC and the share of its risk factors in the North Africa and Middle East (NAME), from 1990 to 2019. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS The rates of incidence, prevalence, death, years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) of CRC were estimated through the framework of the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries and Risk Factors Study 2019 by age, sex, between 1990 and 2019. The CRC-related DALYs attributable to each lifestyle and metabolic risk factor was also estimated through a comparative risk assessment approach. RESULTS In NAME region, the trends of incidence, prevalence, death, YLL, YLD, and DALYs of CRC were increasing, with higher rates in males than females over this period. High and high-middle socio-demographic index (SDI) countries had greater CRC DALYs rate compared with middle- and low-SDI countries in 2019, except for Palestine [434.66 (95% UI: 368.82, 503.88)]. In NAME region, like the global, dietary risk (33.18%), low whole grain intake (19.79%), and low intake of milk (15.77%) were the major contributing risk factors to DALYs due to CRC in 2019. CONCLUSIONS Due to increasing trend of CRC burden and the considerable role of lifestyle and metabolic factors in its burden in NAME region, implementing fundamental strategies to minimize CRC burden and its risk factors is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamran Mehrabani-Zeinabad
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Hajihashemi
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Raudeniece J, Vanags E, Justamente I, Skara D, Fredriksen PM, Brownlee I, Reihmane D. Relations between the levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity, BMI, dietary habits, cognitive functions and attention problems in 8 to 9 years old pupils: network analysis (PACH Study). BMC Public Health 2024; 24:544. [PMID: 38383413 PMCID: PMC10882845 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) and dietary habits (DH) play a crucial role on quality of life and health outcomes from various aspects. METHODS This study aims to investigate the relations between recommended daily levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in 8 to 9 year old pupils, and their body mass index (BMI), DH, cognitive functions and attention problem scores by network analysis. Study participants were split into two groups based on their MVPA levels on weekdays. RESULTS Our findings suggest that children who reach recommended MVPA levels consume more vegetables and fruits, eat breakfast more frequently, have better motor speed and lower impulsivity score. CONCLUSIONS The number of interlinkages between various parameters in network structure for children who do not reach recommended MVPA levels is greater and more intense, highlighting the differences between the groups and suggesting that different interventions and approaches to improve/change lifestyle habits might be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Raudeniece
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
- Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Edmunds Vanags
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Art, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Ilze Justamente
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
- Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Dana Skara
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Art, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Per Morten Fredriksen
- Department of Biotechology, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2318, Hamar, Norway
| | - Iain Brownlee
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Dace Reihmane
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia.
- Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia.
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Rezaianzadeh A, Niazkar HR, Rezaeianzadeh R, Jafari F, Rahimikazerooni S, Ghoddusi Johari M, Zare M, Hosseini SV. Kharameh cohort study (KHCS) on non-communicable diseases and preliminary findings of 3-year follow-up. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e077116. [PMID: 38331866 PMCID: PMC10860034 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Kharameh cohort study (KHCS) is one branch of the 'Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran', located in the south of Iran. The enrolment phase of KHCS spanned from April 2015 to March 2017, during which urban and rural residents of Kharameh were enrolled in the study. KHCS aims to investigate the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancer, and its related risk factors in a 15-year follow-up. PARTICIPANTS KHCS was designed to recruit 10 000 individuals aged 40-70 years old from both urban and rural areas of Kharameh. Thus, a total of 10 800 individuals aged 40-70 years of age were invited and, finally, 10 663 subjects were accepted to participate, with a participation rate of 98.7%. FINDINGS TO DATE Of the 10 663 participants, 5944 (55.7%) were women, and 6801 (63.7%) were rural residents. The mean age of the participants was 51.9±8.2 years. 41.8% of the participants were aged 40-49, 35.2% were aged 50-59 and the remaining 23% were 60-70 years old. Until March 2020 (first 3 years of follow-up), the total number of patients diagnosed with NCDs was 1565. Hypertension, type 2 diabetes and acute ischaemic heart disease were the most common NCDs. Furthermore, the total number of deaths during the first 3 years of follow-up was 312, with cardiovascular diseases (38.7%) as the most common cause of death, followed by cerebrovascular diseases (11.8%) and cancer (16.2%). FUTURE PLANS The remaining 12 years of follow-up will inevitably shed light on the genetic, lifestyle/socioeconomic status, and environmental risk and protective factors of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Niazkar
- Breast Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaeianzadeh
- Department of Medicine, British Columbia Open University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Jafari
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Salar Rahimikazerooni
- Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Masoumeh Ghoddusi Johari
- Breast Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Marjan Zare
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Seyed Vahid Hosseini
- Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Prieto-González P, Yagin FH. Energy expenditure, oxygen consumption, and heart rate while exercising on seven different indoor cardio machines at maximum and self-selected submaximal intensity. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1313886. [PMID: 38390229 PMCID: PMC10881809 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1313886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective One of the main objectives of practicing indoor cardiovascular exercise is to maximize caloric expenditure. This study aimed to compare energy expenditure (EE), oxygen consumption (VO2), and heart rate (HR) recorded in middle-aged adults while exercising on seven different indoor cardiovascular machines at self-selected maximal and submaximal intensity. Method Thirty recreational-active adult males (Age: 41.69 ± 4.64) performed 12-min bouts at RPE (Rate of perceived exertion) 17 and maximum intensity (MAX INT) on the following indoor cardio machines: Recumbent bike (r_BIKE), upright bike (u-BIKE), spin bike (s-BIKE), rowing machine (ROW), elliptical trainer (ELLIP), stair climber (STAIR), and treadmill (TMILL). Heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were measured during exercise, whereas EE (energy expenditure) was calculated indirectly. Results Overall, TMILL induced the highest levels of EE, VO2, and HR, followed by STAIR, ELLIP, s_BIKE, u_BIKE, ROW, and r_BIKE. RPE was reliable across exercise modalities (r_BIKE, u-BIKE, s-BIKE, ROW, ELLIP, STAIR, and TMILL) and intensities (RPE 17 and MAX INT) for EE, HR, and VO2 measurements. Conclusion To maximize EE while performing indoor cardiovascular exercise for recreational active middle-aged male participants, the TMILL is the best option, followed by the STAIR and the ELLIP. The least recommended options are, respectively, s_BIKE, u_BIKE, ROW, and r_BIKE. Beyond caloric expenditure considerations, promoting exercises that participants genuinely enjoy can enhance adherence, fostering sustained health benefits. Furthermore, RPE is a reliable tool for assessing EE, VO2, and HR across different exercise modalities and intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Prieto-González
- Sport Sciences and Diagnostics Research Group, GSD-HPE Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Hilal Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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Imdad S, So B, Jang J, Park J, Lee SJ, Kim JH, Kang C. Temporal variations in the gut microbial diversity in response to high-fat diet and exercise. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3282. [PMID: 38332014 PMCID: PMC10853223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet-induced obesity is a pandemic caused by an inactive lifestyle and increased consumption of Western diets and is a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, exercise can positively influence gut microbial diversity and is linked to a decreased inflammatory state. To understand the gut microbial variations associated with exercise and high-fat diet over time, we conducted a longitudinal study to examine the effect of covariates on gut microbial diversity and composition. Young mice were divided into four groups: Chow-diet (CHD), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet + exercise (HFX), and exercise only (EXE) and underwent experimental intervention for 12 weeks. Fecal samples at week 0 and 12 were collected for DNA extraction, followed by 16S library preparation and sequencing. Data were analyzed using QIIME 2, R and MicrobiomeAnalyst. The Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio decreased fivefold in the HFD and HFX groups compared to that in the CHD and EXE groups and increased in the EXE group over time. Alpha diversity was significantly increased in the EXE group longitudinally (p < 0.02), whereas diversity (Shannon, Faith's PD, and Fisher) and richness (ACE) was significantly reduced in the HFD (p < 0.005) and HFX (p < 0.03) groups over time. Beta diversity, based on the Jaccard, Bray-Curtis, and unweighted UniFrac distance metrics, was significant among the groups. Prevotella, Paraprevotella, Candidatus arthromitus, Lactobacillus salivarius, L. reuteri, Roseburia, Bacteroides uniformis, Sutterella, and Corynebacterium were differentially abundant in the chow-diet groups (CHD and EXE). Exercise significantly reduced the proportion of taxa characteristic of a high-fat diet, including Butyricimonas, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Mucispirillum schaedleri. Diet, age, and exercise significantly contributed to explaining the bacterial community structure and diversity in the gut microbiota. Modulating the gut microbiota and maintaining its stability can lead to targeted microbiome therapies to manage chronic and recurrent diseases and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Imdad
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, 28503, South Korea
| | - Byunghun So
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Junho Jang
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Jinhan Park
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Sam-Jun Lee
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, College of Health, Welfare, and Education, Tong Myong University, Busan, 48520, South Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, 28503, South Korea.
| | - Chounghun Kang
- Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
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Waaler PN, Bongo LA, Rolandsen C, Lorem GF. An individually adjusted approach for communicating epidemiological results on health and lifestyle to patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3199. [PMID: 38331938 PMCID: PMC10853548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
If scientific research on modifiable risk factors was more accessible to the general population there is a potential to prevent disease and promote health. Mobile applications can automatically combine individual characteristics and statistical models of health to present scientific information as individually tailored visuals, and thus there is untapped potential in incorporating scientific research into apps aimed at promoting healthier lifestyles. As a proof-of-concept, we develop a statistical model of the relationship between Self-rated-health (SRH) and lifestyle-related factors, and a simple app for conveying its effects through a visualisation that sets the individual as the frame of reference. Using data from the 6th (n = 12 981, 53.4% women and 46.6% men) and 7th (n = 21 083, 52.5% women and 47.5% men) iteration of the Tromsø population survey, we fitted a mixed effects linear regression model that models mean SRH as a function of self-reported intensity and frequency of physical activity (PA), BMI, mental health symptoms (HSCL-10), smoking, support from friends, and HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. We adjusted for socioeconomic and demographic factors and comorbidity. We designed a simple proof-of-concept app to register relevant user information, and use the SRH-model to translate the present status of the user into suggestions for lifestyle changes along with predicted health effects. SRH was strongly related to modifiable health factors. The strongest modifiable predictors of SRH were mental health symptoms and PA. The mean adjusted difference in SRH between those with 10-HSCL index = 1.85 (threshold for mental distress) and HSCL-10 = 1 was 0.59 (CI 0.61-0.57). Vigorous physical activity (exercising to exhaustion ≥ 4 days/week relative to sedentary) was associated with an increase on the SRH scale of 0.64 (CI 0.56-0.73). Physical activity intensity and frequency interacted positively, with large PA-volume (frequency ⨯ intensity) being particularly predictive of high SRH. Incorporating statistical models of health into lifestyle apps have great potential for effectively communicating complex health research to a general audience. Such an approach could improve lifestyle apps by helping to make the recommendations more scientifically rigorous and personalised, and offer a more comprehensive overview of lifestyle factors and their importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Niklas Waaler
- Department of Computer Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Ailo Bongo
- Department of Computer Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christina Rolandsen
- Department of Computer Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Deloitte AS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir F Lorem
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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Sun X, Yon DK, Nguyen TT, Tanisawa K, Son K, Zhang L, Shu J, Peng W, Yang Y, Branca F, Wahlqvist ML, Lim H, Wang Y. Dietary and other lifestyle factors and their influence on non-communicable diseases in the Western Pacific region. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 43:100842. [PMID: 38456094 PMCID: PMC10920053 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The Western Pacific region is a diverse region experiencing fast economic growth and nutrition transition. We systematically examined 94 cohort studies on the associations of dietary and other lifestyle factors on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the region. These studies were mainly from China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Singapore. Patterns and changes in lifestyle risk factors for NCDs based on national surveys were examined. They showed some dietary intake improvements over the past three decades, featured as increased consumption of unsaturated oils, fruits, and vegetables, and decreased consumption of sodium and unhealthy fat. Despite a decrease in smoking rate and salt intake, the values remained higher than the global levels in 2019. The ultra-processed food intake in the region increased at a higher rate than the global estimate. National guidelines relevant to NCDs in five selected countries were highlighted. Strong future actions and policies are needed to tackle NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Public Health Institute, Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China
- International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Kumhee Son
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Shu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Public Health Institute, Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China
- International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Wen Peng
- Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Glucolipid Metabolic Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xining 810008, China
| | - Yuexin Yang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Francesco Branca
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | | | - Hyunjung Lim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youfa Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Public Health Institute, Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China
- International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
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Zhu R, Newman G, Li D. The spatial relationship between long-term vacant housing and non-communicable diseases in U.S. shrinking and growing metropolitan areas. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 145:104718. [PMID: 38283871 PMCID: PMC10810343 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2023.104718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has led to increased attention on understanding how built environments affect NCD risks. However, there's a significant gap in the literature regarding the relationship between housing vacancy duration and NCDs in metropolitan areas with varying development rates. Our research addresses this gap by examining the association between housing vacancy duration and NCDs across all U.S. metropolitan areas, considering growing, shrinking, and fluctuating counties. We used a Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model to analyze this relationship, finding that longer-term vacant housing (over 3 years) is more positively associated with NCDs compared to short-term vacancies. We also discovered that this association is non-uniform across metropolitan counties, except for cancer and stroke outcomes. Shrinking counties in the Northeast are particularly affected, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions in these areas. This study underscores the importance of revitalizing vacant homes, especially those vacant for over 3 years, in both shrinking and growing regions to improve public health. Policymakers should adopt tailored strategies, engage public health experts, and invest in healthcare infrastructure to effectively address the health risks linked to vacant housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3137, United States of America
| | - Galen Newman
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3137, United States of America
| | - Dongying Li
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3137, United States of America
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Chavda VP, Ghali ENHK, Balar PC, Chauhan SC, Tiwari N, Shukla S, Athalye M, Patravale V, Apostolopoulos V, Yallapu MM. Protein subunit vaccines: Promising frontiers against COVID-19. J Control Release 2024; 366:761-782. [PMID: 38219913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 has posed an unprecedented global health crisis, challenging the healthcare systems worldwide. Amidst the rapid development of several vaccine formulations, protein subunit vaccines have emerged as a promising approach. This article provides an in-depth evaluation of the role of protein subunit vaccines in the management of COVID-19. Leveraging viral protein fragments, particularly the spike protein from SARS-CoV-2, these vaccines elicit a targeted immune response without the risk of inducing disease. Notably, the robust safety profile of protein subunit vaccines makes them a compelling candidate in the management of COVID-19. Various innovative approaches, including reverse vaccinology, virus like particles, and recombinant modifications are incorporated to develop protein subunit vaccines. In addition, the utilization of advanced manufacturing techniques facilitates large-scale production, ensuring widespread distribution. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, such as the requirement for cold-chain storage and the necessity for booster doses. This article evaluates the formulation and applications of protein subunit vaccines, providing a comprehensive overview of their clinical development and approvals in the context of COVID-19. By addressing the current status and challenges, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on optimizing protein subunit vaccines for effective pandemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India.
| | - Eswara Naga Hanuma Kumar Ghali
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.
| | - Pankti C Balar
- Pharmacy Section, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.
| | - Nikita Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Somanshi Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Mansi Athalye
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Immunology and Translational Research, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia.
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.
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Ring M, Mehta DH, Majd I, Balabanova Shannahan A. FOODWISE (Fostering Optimal Outcomes through Dietary Wisdom, Integration, Spirituality, and Emotionality): A New Model of Integrative Culinary Medicine. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2024; 30:95-98. [PMID: 38265807 PMCID: PMC10886423 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Ring
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Darshan H Mehta
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iman Majd
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anna Balabanova Shannahan
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Kinoshita S, Hirooka N, Kusano T, Saito K, Aoyagi R. Does health literacy influence health-related lifestyle behaviors among specialists of health management? A cross-sectional study. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2024; 25:29. [PMID: 38245688 PMCID: PMC10799471 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as health-related lifestyle diseases, are the leading cause of mortality and societal and economic burdens. Poor lifestyle behaviors, which are modifiable to improve health, can cause diseases, including NCDs. Health literacy has been recognized as an important determinant of health, and studies have shown that higher health literacy is associated with better health outcomes and positive health-related behaviors. However, few studies have investigated the association between health literacy and health-related lifestyle behaviors to understand the mechanistic link between them. Thus, this study investigated the extent to which health literacy at different levels influences health-related lifestyle behaviors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among Japanese health management specialists (N = 1,920). Functional, critical, and communicative health literacy were measured. Lifestyle behaviors (exercise, diet and nutrition, sleep, rest, smoking, and alcohol intake), in line with the Japanese National Health Promotion Program, were assessed and calculated into a total cumulative score of health-related lifestyle behaviors. Moreover, we analyzed the associations between the three levels of health literacy and lifestyle behaviors using regression analyses by adjusting for socio-psycho-demographic factors. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analyses showed a significant association between the Japanese version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire and total health-related lifestyle scores (standardized β = 0.160, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.136) after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Similarly, the association between communicative and critical health literacy and the total health-related lifestyle scores was significant (standardized β = 0.122, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.125). The analysis indicated that individuals who had higher level of health literacy (critical and communicative) than functional health literacy (Japanese version of the Newest Vital Sign score) had higher health-related lifestyle behaviors. CONCLUSIONS A higher level of health literacy is associated with health-related lifestyle behaviors. Health literacy can be a target for interventions to achieve the national goal of lifestyle-related disease prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kinoshita
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hirooka
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Japan.
- Department of Community Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Japan.
| | - Takeru Kusano
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Japan
| | - Kohei Saito
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Aoyagi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun, Japan
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Abayomi J, Charnley M, Stone G, Lane K, Stevenson L, Davies I, Webb R. Editorial: nutrition at key stages of the lifecycle. Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38240093 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional requirements of individuals vary across the lifecycle, according to activity, age and gender. To optimize human health, consideration of nutritional priorities at each stage is needed. This conference brought together multidisciplinary experts in maternal and child nutrition and health, cardiometabolic and plant-based nutrition and dietitians involved in the care of vulnerable populations, plus nutritional metabolism, health and ageing. The presentations highlighted the most important nutrition research in these areas, updating knowledge and suggesting how dietary advice and policy could be adapted to incorporate research findings. With the global increase in non-communicable disease (NCD) and nutrition being considered as a key modifiable risk factor for the prevention and management of NCD, this conference was much needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Abayomi
- School of Medicine & Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, OrmskirkL39 4PQ, UK
| | - Margaret Charnley
- School of Health & Sport Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Genevieve Stone
- School of Medicine & Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, OrmskirkL39 4PQ, UK
| | - Katie Lane
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Leo Stevenson
- School of Health & Sport Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian Davies
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard Webb
- School of Health & Sport Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK
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Oliveira GAL, Santos Gonçalves VS, Nakano EY, Toral N. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and low dietary diversity are associated with sedentary and unhealthy eating behaviors: A nationwide study with Brazilian Schoolchildren. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294871. [PMID: 38215164 PMCID: PMC10786381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of ultra-processed foods and low dietary diversity are risk factors for chronic diseases. AIM To evaluate the association between food consumption and sedentary and unhealthy eating behaviors of Brazilian schoolchildren between 6 and 11 years old. METHODS Cross-sectional study. A prevalence sample was calculated considering the number of children enrolled in elementary school. This sample was distributed proportionally to Brazil's macro-regions and the type of school (public or private). The questionnaire was developed in Google Forms and disseminated through the snowball technique. The questionnaire was filled in by the children's parents, with information about the child's identification and health. Afterward, the child completed a questionnaire by her/himself. We used the previously validated Illustrated Questionnaire on Food Consumption for Brazilian Schoolchildren and the Illustrated Questionnaire on Eating and Sedentary Behaviors. Food consumption was analyzed using the NOVA score and the dietary diversity score. Poisson's regression with robust variance was performed (p<0.05). RESULTS The study included 2,021 dyads. Of these, 27.6% of children reported eating five or more ultra-processed foods and 39.0% four or fewer natural or staple foods the previous day. Using screens, proxy of sedentary behavior (Prevalence Ratio-PR = 1.8, Confidence Interval-CI95%1.2-2.8) and eating at irregular hours (PR = 1.6, CI95%1.2-2.2) were risk factors for high consumption of ultra-processed foods and low dietary diversity in schoolchildren. In addition, eating the three main meals on the previous day (PR = 0.6, CI95%0.4-0.8) was identified as protective factors against the consumption of ultra-processed foods and in favor of dietary diversity among schoolchildren. CONCLUSION Sedentary and unhealthy eating behaviors were associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods and low dietary diversity in Brazilian schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Yoshio Nakano
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Exact Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Natacha Toral
- Faculty of Health Science, Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Selvaraj B, Rajasekar E, Balaguru Rayappan JB. Machine Learning Approaches: Detecting the Disease Variants in Human-Exhaled Breath Biomarkers. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:215-226. [PMID: 38222575 PMCID: PMC10785631 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In recent days, the development of sensor-based medical devices has been found to be very effective for the prediction and analysis of the onset of diseases. The instigation of an electronic nose (eNose) device is profound and very useful in diverse applications. The analysis of exhaled breath biomarkers using eNose sensors has attained wider attention among researchers, and the prediction of multiple disease variants using the same is still an open research problem. In this work, an enhanced XGBooster classifier-based prediction mechanism was introduced to identify the disease variants based on the responses of commercially available metal oxide-based Figaro (Japan) sensors including TGS826, TGS822, TGS2600, and TGS2602. The implemented model secured 98.36% prediction accuracy in multiclass disease prediction and classification. The homemade one-dimensional metal oxide sensing elements such as ZnO, Cr-doped ZnO, and ZnO/NiO were integrated with the aforementioned sensor array for the specific detection of the three biomarkers of interest. This model has attained a classification accuracy of 99.77, 94.91, and 96.56% toward ammonia, ethanol, and acetone, respectively. And the multiclass disease biomarker classification accuracy of the readymade and homemade eNose prototype models was compared, and the results are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneswari Selvaraj
- Centre
for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 401, India
- School
of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 401, India
| | - Elakkiya Rajasekar
- Department
of Computer Science, Birla Institute of
Technology & Science, Pilani Dubai Campus, Dubai International Academic
City, Dubai 345055, United Arab Emirates
| | - John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan
- Centre
for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 401, India
- School
of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 401, India
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73
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Serhan M, Julien SG. Editorial: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet: microbiota and non-communicable diseases. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1352672. [PMID: 38260065 PMCID: PMC10800483 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1352672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Serhan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Deir el Balamand, Lebanon
| | - Sofi G. Julien
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
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74
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Patel J, Katapally TR, Khadilkar A, Bhawra J. The interplay between air pollution, built environment, and physical activity: Perceptions of children and youth in rural and urban India. Health Place 2024; 85:103167. [PMID: 38128264 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The role of physical inactivity as a contributor to non-communicable disease risk in children and youth is widely recognized. Air pollution and the built environment can limit participation in physical activity and exacerbate non-communicable disease risk; however, the relationships between perceptions of air pollution, built environment, and health behaviours are not fully understood, particularly among children and youth in low and middle-income countries. Currently, there are no studies capturing how child and youth perceptions of air pollution and built environment are associated with physical activity in India, thus, this study investigated the association between perceived air pollution and built environment on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels of Indian children and youth. Online surveys captured MVPA, perception of air pollution as a problem, built environment factors, as well as relevant sociodemographic characteristics from parents and children aged 5-17 years in partnership with 41 schools across 28 urban and rural locations during the Coronavirus disease lockdowns in 2021. After adjusting for age, gender, and location, a significant association was found between the perception of air pollution as a problem and MVPA levels (β = -18.365, p < 0.001). Similarly, the perception of a high crime rate was associated with lower MVPA levels (β = -23.383, p = 0.002). Reporting the presence of zebra crossings, pedestrian signals, or attractive natural sightings were associated with higher MVPA levels; however, this association varied across sociodemographic groups. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing air pollution and improving the built environment to facilitate outdoor active living, including active transportation, among children and youth - solutions that are particularly relevant not only for preventing non-communicable disease risk but also for climate change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamin Patel
- DEPtH Lab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Tarun Reddy Katapally
- DEPtH Lab, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, 750 Base Line Road East, Suite 300, London, Ontario, N6C 2R5, Canada; Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 001, India
| | - Anuradha Khadilkar
- Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 001, India
| | - Jasmin Bhawra
- Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 001, India; School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
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75
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Louw CJ, de Haan P, Verpoorte E, Baker P. Efficient Electrochemiluminescence Sensing in Microfluidic Biosensors: A Review. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 52:41-62. [PMID: 38523440 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2023049565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices are capable of handling 10-9 L to 10-18 L of fluids by incorporating tiny channels with dimensions of ten to hundreds of micrometers, and they can be fabricated using a wide range of materials including glass, silicon, polymers, paper, and cloth for tailored sensing applications. Microfluidic biosensors integrated with detection methods such as electrochemiluminescence (ECL) can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Coupled with ECL, these tandem devices are capable of sensing biomarkers at nanomolar to picomolar concentrations, reproducibly. Measurement at this low level of concentration makes microfluidic electrochemiluminescence (MF-ECL) devices ideal for biomarker detection in the context of early warning systems for diseases such as myocardial infarction, cancer, and others. However, the technology relies on the nature and inherent characteristics of an efficient luminophore. The luminophore typically undergoes a redox process to generate excited species which emit energy in the form of light upon relaxation to lower energy states. Therefore, in biosensor design the efficiency of the luminophore is critical. This review is focused on the integration of microfluidic devices with biosensors and using electrochemiluminescence as a detection method. We highlight the dual role of carbon quantum dots as a luminophore and co-reactant in electrochemiluminescence analysis, drawing on their unique properties that include large specific surface area, easy functionalization, and unique luminescent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementine Juliat Louw
- SensorLab, Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pim de Haan
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Verpoorte
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Priscilla Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape Bellville, 7535, Republic of South Africa
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Orlova NM, Kovtun GI, Holovchanska-Pushkar SE, Pylypchuk VL, Palamar IV, Tkachenko OV, Zadorozhniuk OV. Non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in Ukraine: analysis of the global burden of disease 2019 study. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2024; 77:682-689. [PMID: 38865623 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202404111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: To analyse the burden and risk factors of Non-Communicable diseases (NCDs) in Ukraine to determine the ways to prevent them. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and Methods: Using a statistical method, NCDs DALYs (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) in Ukraine were analyzed in dynamics for 1990-2019 and in comparison, with European and EU countries based on the data from "Global Burden of Disease, 2019" research. RESULTS Results: The burden of NCDs in Ukraine is 1.5 time higher than in European and EU countries. The most negative dynamic trends and significant differences between indicators in Ukraine and EU countries (with an excess of 2 or more times) were identified for DALYs due to cardiovascular diseases, digestive diseases and substance use disorders. In Ukraine the burden of NCDs can be reduced on 25.9% by normalization of systolic blood pressure, on 21.2% by optimizing diet, on18.5% by quitting smoking, on 17.6% by lowering LDL cholesterol, on 16.5% by normalizing body weight and on 9.2% by quitting alcohol abuse. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Ukraine should develop and implement a modern system for monitoring and assessing the NCDs burden and their risk factors; strengthen the capacity of public health institutions and their ability to attract communities to implement interventions to control NCDs modified risk factors, increase awarnes and the population's responsible attitude towards their health; strengthen the ability and motivate primary health care to provide quality primary prevention, screening and timely diagnosis and treatment of chronic NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Inna V Palamar
- NATIONAL PIROGOV MEMORIAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, VINNYTSIA, UKRAINE
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Keepanasseril A, Maurya DK, Velmurugan B, Karuppusamy D, Pillai AA, Parameswaran S, Kar SS. Impact of near-miss event during pregnancy and childbirth on maternal health at 12 months. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 164:227-235. [PMID: 37489017 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of maternal near-miss on late maternal death and the prevalence of hypertension or chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mental health problems at 12 months of follow up. METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in the southeastern region of India from May 2018 to August 2019, enrolling those with maternal near-miss and with follow up for 12 months. The primary outcomes were incidence of late maternal deaths and prevalence of hypertension and CKD during follow up. RESULTS Incidence of maternal near miss was 6.7 per 1000 live births. Among those who had a near miss, late maternal deaths occurred in 7.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1%-11.3%); prevalence of CKD was 23.0% (95% CI 16.2%-29.8%), and of hypertension was 56.2% (95% CI 50.5%-66.5%) and only two women had depression on follow up. After adjusting for age, parity, socioeconomic status, gestational age at delivery, hemoglobin levels, and perinatal loss, only serum creatinine was independently associated with late maternal death and CKD on follow up. CONCLUSIONS Women who survive a life-threatening complication during pregnancy and childbirth are at increased risk of mortality and one or more long-term sequelae contributing to the non-communicable disease burden. A policy shift to increase postpartum follow-up duration, following a high-risk targeted approach after a near-miss event, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Keepanasseril
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Maurya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Bharathi Velmurugan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Dhamotharan Karuppusamy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Ajith Ananthakrishna Pillai
- Department of Cardiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Sreejith Parameswaran
- Department of Nephrology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Sitanshu Sekhar Kar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
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Cáceres C, Lora ÁJ, Villabona SJ, Rocha MC, Camacho PA. Adherence to pharmacological treatment in non-communicable chronic diseases in the Colombian population: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2023; 43:51-65. [PMID: 38207150 PMCID: PMC10941828 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.7077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction. Non-communicable chronic diseases represent the leading cause of death worldwide, and their prevalence is increasing due to the epidemiological transition. Despite the advances in their management, control rates are deficient, attributed to multiple factors like adherence to pharmacological treatment, one of the most significant and least studied in the Colombian population. Objective. To calculate adherence to treatment in Colombian patients with arterial hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dyslipidemia between 2005 and 2022. Materials and methods. We performed a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis of studies identified through the Medline and LILACS databases to quantitatively synthesize treatment adherence percentage. Results. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, and 5,658 patients were analyzed. The treatment adherence was 59%, with significant heterogeneity among the included studies (95% CI= 46- 71%; I2 = 98.8%, p< 0.001). Higher adherence rates were observed for diabetes mellitus (79%; 95% CI = 65- 90%) and dyslipidemia (70%; 95% CI = 66- 74%). Adherence to arterial hypertension treatment was 51% (95 %; CI = 31- 72%). Conclusions. This systematic review showed low adherence to recommendations regarding pharmacological management in non-communicable chronic diseases, which can have implications for long-term clinical outcomes and disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Cáceres
- Unidad de Diseño y Desarrollo, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Floridablanca, Colombia.
| | - Álvaro José Lora
- Unidad de Diseño y Desarrollo, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Floridablanca, Colombia.
| | | | - María Catalina Rocha
- Unidad de Diseño y Desarrollo, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Floridablanca, Colombia.
| | - Paul Anthony Camacho
- Unidad de Diseño y Desarrollo, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Floridablanca, Colombia; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga,.
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Amerikanou C, Tzavara C, Kaliora AC. Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Value in Non-Communicable Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 16:82. [PMID: 38201911 PMCID: PMC10780607 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) constitute the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with the four major contributors being cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers, respiratory diseases, and diabetes [...].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andriana C. Kaliora
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 17676 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (C.T.)
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Verdonck C, Van Daele E, Willems R, Borgermans L, Boeckxstaens P. Underlying motivations hampering Flemish primary care physicians from overcoming the barriers in osteoporosis care: an EMR-facilitated clinical reasoning study. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1428. [PMID: 38104093 PMCID: PMC10725585 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over half of the European population aged minimum 65 years presents with at least two chronic diseases. Attention towards these diseases exhibits disparities, with limited primary care physician (PCP) attention for osteoporosis. This was confirmed in a previous integrated osteoporosis care (IOC) project in which notable difficulties to enlist PCPs arose. Consequently, this study was initiated in Flemish PCPs for in-depth analysis of underlying mechanisms hampering PCPs to fully commit to osteoporosis care. METHODS A qualitative Electronic Medical Record (EMR)-facilitated clinical reasoning study was conducted. A semi-structured interview guide was employed to guide PCPs from reflections on their own patients to broader views regarding osteoporosis care. An inductive thematic analysis was performed using NVivo 12. RESULTS Thirteen PCPs were interviewed. They stated that osteoporosis patients often had complex (medical) profiles. PCPs emphasised the ongoing necessity for prioritisation within this context. This leads to a competition for PCP attention during consultations at three levels: i. between acute versus preventive care; ii. between primary fracture prevention and other preventive services and iii. between secondary fracture prevention and other preventive services; spanning eight areas of competition: disease significance, perceived impact, PCP awareness, the patient agenda, PCP competence, PCP support, perceived patient burden, and efficiency of care provision. Applicability of these areas of competition differed between levels. CONCLUSION The intricate context in which PCPs operate, creates a competition for PCP attention leading to a lack of attention for fracture prevention. To preserve efforts in fracture prevention, areas of competition should be systematically addressed. TRIAL REGISTRATION Approval for the study has been provided by the Ghent University Hospital Ethics Committee (BC-09797).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Verdonck
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 - Entrance 42 - 4thFloor, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ellis Van Daele
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 - Entrance 42 - 4thFloor, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Willems
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 - Entrance 42 - 4thFloor, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Borgermans
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 - Entrance 42 - 4thFloor, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pauline Boeckxstaens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10 - Entrance 42 - 4thFloor, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Konadu E, Essuman MA, Amponsah A, Agroh WXK, Badu-Boateng E, Gbedema SY, Boakye YD. Enteric Protozoan Parasitosis and Associated Factors among Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus in a Teaching Hospital in Ghana. Int J Microbiol 2023; 2023:5569262. [PMID: 38105772 PMCID: PMC10725318 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5569262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Enteric protozoa infections (EPIs) could worsen clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus and therefore requires prompt and accurate diagnosis and attention. This study aimed to determine the burden of EPIs and their associated factors among patients with and without diabetics at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) in Ghana. Again, the diagnostic performance of parasitological techniques routinely used for diagnosis was assessed. Methods A total of 240 participants (made up of 140 patients with diabetes and 100 patients without diabetes) were recruited into the study by simple random sampling from November 2020 to May 2021. Stool samples of participants were collected, along with their demographic information, and examined using the saline direct wet mount (DWM), formol-ether concentration (FEC), and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining (ZNS) techniques for the presence of enteric protozoans. Results Enteric protozoa were found among 62/140 (44.3%) diabetic patients and 13/100 (13.0%) nondiabetic patients. The predominant protozoa identified were Cryptosporidium spp. (17.86%) among patients with diabetes and Blastocystis hominis (7.0%) among patients without diabetes. EPI was associated with diabetes mellitus status (AOR = 3.48, 95% CI, 1.55-7.79), having diabetes for more than five years (AOR = 3.83, 95% CI, 1.65-8.86) and having comorbidity (AOR = 2.93, 95% CI, 1.33-6.45). The FEC technique had the highest sensitivity (100.0%), specificity 94.3% (95% CI, 91.35-97.22), and accuracy 95.0% (95% CI, 88.54-98.13) when compared to other techniques for diagnosis. Conclusion EPIs are a significant health problem among patients with diabetes at KATH, and therefore antiparasitic drugs should be included in their treatment protocols for better health outcomes. Again, the FEC technique has demonstrated better performance in detecting EPIs and is therefore recommended to achieve early and accurate diagnosis of EPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Konadu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology Laboratory Unit, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mainprice Akuoko Essuman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA
| | - Angela Amponsah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Wisdom Xoese Kwadzo Agroh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ernest Badu-Boateng
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology Laboratory Unit, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Stephen Yao Gbedema
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yaw Duah Boakye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Følling IS, Joramo K, Helvik A. Participants stories about long-term achievement 60-months after attending a Healthy Life Centre programme (the VEND-RISK study) - a qualitative study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2162984. [PMID: 36578159 PMCID: PMC9809374 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2162984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiences of long-term achievement in participants attending programs for changing health habits including diet and physical activity interventions aiming for weight reduction is lacking. This study aimed to explore how participants experienced their own achievement of healthy habits 60 months after attending a Healthy Life Centre programme in the Norwegian primary healthcare. METHODS An explorative qualitative design with an inductive approach was employed. Individual semi-structured interviews were performed with 20 participants attending a Healthy Life Centre programme 60 months ago. They were aged 30-72 years, and 55% were females. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using systematic text condensation. RESULTS Two main themes emerged from the interviews with three subthemes each. The first theme "Changes over time" includes "Nutritional changes", "Physical activities adjusted to own presumptions" and "Health habits incorporated into life with manageable goals". The second theme "Barriers to fulfil changes" includes "Life circumstances with health issues influences the continuity to adjust to changes", "a busy everyday life" and "a lack of external drive when not having commitment to the Healthy Life Centre". CONCLUSIONS Focusing on changes adjusted to participants' own everyday lives and having an approach with small goals can facilitate long-term changes in health habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid S Følling
- Centre for Obesity Research, Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway,CONTACT Ingrid S Følling Centre for Obesity Research, Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, Postboks 3250 Torgarden, Trondheim7006, Norway
| | - Karen Joramo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Helvik
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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83
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Parlatescu I, Dugan C, Popescu BO, Tovaru S, Dobre M, Milanesi E. Non-Communicable Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in Burning Mouth Syndrome Patients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2085. [PMID: 38138188 PMCID: PMC10744480 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a group of non-transmissible conditions that tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. Although an association between oral disorders and NCDs has been suggested, the relationship between Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) and NCDs and their associated risk factors has not been deeply investigated. In this study, we aim to identify associations between BMS and NCDs in the Romanian population. Materials and Methods: Ninety-nine BMS patients and 88 age-matched controls (aged 50 and over) were clinically evaluated for the presence of eight noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their most common risk factors, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, and obesity. Results: The results of our study showed that the BMS in the Romanian population seems to be significantly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (p < 0.001) and two of their risk factors, hypertension (p < 0.001) and dyslipidemia (p < 0.001). Moreover, evaluating the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in the individuals not affected by CVDs (73 CTRL and 38 BMS), we found that 13.2% of BMS patients reported a moderate risk of developing CVDs in ten years, compared to the controls, all of whom presented a low risk (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a multidisciplinary clinical approach, which also includes a cardiovascular evaluation, is essential for the successful management of BMS. Moreover, these data highlighted the importance of introducing an integrated strategy for the prevention and care of NCDs in BMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanina Parlatescu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Cosmin Dugan
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.); (B.O.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.); (B.O.P.); (E.M.)
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Tovaru
- Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (I.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Maria Dobre
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (C.D.); (B.O.P.); (E.M.)
- Victor Babeș National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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84
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Shim SR, Shin D, Kim SJ, Kim YK, Lee KJ. Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential and Healthcare Applications of Marine Therapy: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:604. [PMID: 38132925 PMCID: PMC10744920 DOI: 10.3390/md21120604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate the effectiveness of marine-derived resources for treating specific diseases, as well as identify the most effective methods for applying such resources in therapeutic applications. Bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane) were searched from their inception until May 2023 using Medical Subject Headings terms and text keywords related to seawater, mineral water, or ocean therapy. Fifteen eligible studies were included, involving 1325 participants aged 42.7-63.0 years. In the subgroup analysis based on treatment type, the mean difference was -1.581 (95% CI: -1.889, -1.274) for seawater with sun exposure and -1.210 (95% CI: -1.417, -1.002) for seawater with sun exposure, mud pack application, and sulfur pool therapy. The pooled standardized mean difference was calculated for different outcomes; the results were -1.110 (95% CI: -3.028, 0.806) for osteoarthritis severity, -0.795 (95% CI: -0.982, -0.607) for arthritis pain, -1.623 (95% CI: -2.036, -1.209) for fibromyalgia pain, and -1.498 (95% CI: -1.888, -1.108) for quality of life. Marine therapy is, therefore, promising for treating chronic skin issues, easing musculoskeletal discomfort, and enhancing the quality of life among patients with musculoskeletal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ryul Shim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dayeon Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong-Jang Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
- BioMedical Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kook Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea;
- EyeLight Data Science Laboratory, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ju Lee
- Department of Women’s Rehabilitation, National Rehabilitation Center, Seoul 01022, Republic of Korea
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85
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Mikkonen U, Tusa N, Sinikallio S, Kautiainen H, Mäntyselkä P. A short tool to screen self-care preparedness: cross-sectional study in general practice. Fam Pract 2023:cmad107. [PMID: 37975623 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-care is crucial in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. It is important to identify patients who need support with self-care. OBJECTIVES This study introduces a self-care preparedness index (SCPI) and examines its associations with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and other outcomes. METHODS A cross-sectional study of adults (n = 301) with hypertension, coronary artery disease, or diabetes in primary health care. Based on the self-care questionnaire, SCPI was formed. A higher SCPI value indicated better self-care preparedness. We examined correlations and a hypothesis of linearity between SCPI and HRQoL (15D), depressive symptoms (BDI), patient activation (PAM), and health-related outcomes (self-rated health, life satisfaction, physical activity, body mass index [BMI], waist, low-density lipoprotein). Exploratory factor analysis was used to test the construct validity of SCPI. RESULTS A total of 293 patients with a mean age of 68 (54.3% women) were included in the analysis. BDI, BMI, and waist had a negative linear trend with SCPI. Self-rated health, physical activity, patient activity, and life satisfaction had a positive linear trend with SCPI. SCPI correlated with HRQoL (r = 0.31 [95% CI: 0.20 to 0.41]). Exploratory factor analysis of the SCPI scores revealed 3 factors explaining 82% of the total variance. CONCLUSIONS SCPI seems to identify individuals with different levels of preparedness in self-care. This provides means for health care providers to individualize the levels of support and counselling. SCPI seems to be a promising tool in primary health care but needs further validation before use in large scale trials or clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Mikkonen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Health services, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nina Tusa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Educational services, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | - Pekka Mäntyselkä
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Research and Trials Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County Of North Savo, Kuopio, Finland
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86
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Čižmáriková M, Michalková R, Mirossay L, Mojžišová G, Zigová M, Bardelčíková A, Mojžiš J. Ellagic Acid and Cancer Hallmarks: Insights from Experimental Evidence. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1653. [PMID: 38002335 PMCID: PMC10669545 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and multifaceted disease with a high global incidence and mortality rate. Although cancer therapy has evolved significantly over the years, numerous challenges persist on the path to effectively combating this multifaceted disease. Natural compounds derived from plants, fungi, or marine organisms have garnered considerable attention as potential therapeutic agents in the field of cancer research. Ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenolic compound found in various fruits and nuts, has emerged as a potential cancer prevention and treatment agent. This review summarizes the experimental evidence supporting the role of EA in targeting key hallmarks of cancer, including proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis evasion, immune evasion, inflammation, genomic instability, and more. We discuss the molecular mechanisms by which EA modulates signaling pathways and molecular targets involved in these cancer hallmarks, based on in vitro and in vivo studies. The multifaceted actions of EA make it a promising candidate for cancer prevention and therapy. Understanding its impact on cancer biology can pave the way for developing novel strategies to combat this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Čižmáriková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.Č.); (R.M.); (M.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Radka Michalková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.Č.); (R.M.); (M.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Ladislav Mirossay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.Č.); (R.M.); (M.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Gabriela Mojžišová
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Martina Zigová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.Č.); (R.M.); (M.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Annamária Bardelčíková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.Č.); (R.M.); (M.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.Č.); (R.M.); (M.Z.); (A.B.)
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87
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Valentini A, Cardillo C, Della Morte D, Tesauro M. The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3006. [PMID: 38002006 PMCID: PMC10669084 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are two of the four major chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) representing the leading cause of death worldwide. Several studies demonstrate that endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these chronic diseases. Although it is well known that systemic chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are primarily involved in the development of ED, recent studies have shown that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is implicated in its pathogenesis, also contributing to the progression of atherosclerosis and to insulin resistance (IR). In this review, we describe the relationship between PVAT and ED, and we also analyse the role of PVAT in the pathogenesis of CVDs and T2DM, further assessing its potential therapeutic target with the aim of restoring normal ED and reducing global cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Valentini
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (D.D.M.)
| | - Carmine Cardillo
- Department of Aging, Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - David Della Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (D.D.M.)
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.V.); (D.D.M.)
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88
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Magwaza NM, More GK, Gildenhuys S, Mphahlele MJ. In Vitro α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibition, Cytotoxicity and Free Radical Scavenging Profiling of the 6-Halogeno and Mixed 6,8-Dihalogenated 2-Aryl-4-methyl-1,2-dihydroquinazoline 3-Oxides. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1971. [PMID: 38001824 PMCID: PMC10669220 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Series of the 6-bromo/iodo substituted 2-aryl-4-methyl-1,2-dihydroquinazoline-3-oxides and their mixed 6,8-dihalogenated (Br/I and I/Br) derivatives were evaluated for inhibitory properties against α-glucosidase and/or α-amylase activities and for cytotoxicity against breast (MCF-7) and lung (A549) cancer cell lines. The 6-bromo-2-phenyl substituted 3a and its corresponding 6-bromo-8-iodo-2-phenyl-substituted derivative 3i exhibited dual activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 1.08 ± 0.02 μM and 1.01 ± 0.05 μM, respectively) and α-amylase (IC50 = 5.33 ± 0.01 μM and 1.18 ± 0.06 μM, respectively) compared to acarbose (IC50 = 4.40 ± 0.05 μM and 2.92 ± 0.02 μM, respectively). The 6-iodo-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-substituted derivative 3f, on the other hand, exhibited strong activity against α-amylase and significant inhibitory effect against α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 0.64 ± 0.01 μM and 9.27 ± 0.02 μM, respectively. Compounds 3c, 3l and 3p exhibited the highest activity against α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 1.04 ± 0.03, 0.92 ± 0.01 and 0.78 ± 0.05 μM, respectively. Moderate cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 and A549 cell lines was observed for these compounds compared to the anticancer drugs doxorubicin (IC50 = 0.25 ± 0.05 μM and 0.36 ± 0.07 μM, respectively) and gefitinib (IC50 = 0.19 ± 0.04 μM and 0.25 ± 0.03 μM, respectively), and their IC50 values are in the range of 10.38 ± 0.08-25.48 ± 0.08 μM and 11.39 ± 0.12-20.00 ± 0.05 μM, respectively. The test compounds generally exhibited moderate to strong antioxidant capabilities, as demonstrated via robust free radical scavenging activity assays, viz., DPPH and NO. The potential of selected derivatives to inhibit superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also investigated via enzymatic assay in vitro. Molecular docking revealed the N-O moiety as essential to facilitate electrostatic interactions of the test compounds with the protein residues in the active site of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The presence of bromine and/or iodine atoms resulted in increased hydrophobic (alkyl and/or π-alkyl) interactions and therefore increased inhibitory effect against both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nontokozo M. Magwaza
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa;
| | - Garland K. More
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Laboratories, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa;
| | - Samantha Gildenhuys
- Department of Life & Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa;
| | - Malose J. Mphahlele
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa;
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Hoffmann L, Egert S, Allgaier J, Kohlenberg-Müller K. Review of Validated Methods to Evaluate Diet History in Diet Therapy and Counselling: An Overview and Analysis of Screeners Based on Food-Based Dietary Guidelines. Nutrients 2023; 15:4654. [PMID: 37960307 PMCID: PMC10647684 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based dietetic practice calls for systematically developed assessment methods for nutritional assessment in dietetic counselling and therapy (DCT). Screeners can provide a quick and easy way to determine a client's diet quality and contribute to quality assurance in DCT. The aim of this systematic review was to give a comparative overview of screeners based on national food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) and to derive recommendations for developing an FBDG-based screener for DCT. The literature search in PubMed (MEDLINE), embase and Web of Science was conducted between May and July 2022, and updated in March 2023, in accordance with the consensus-based standards for the selection of health measurement instruments (COSMIN). The analysis focused on characteristics of screener design and measurement properties for screener testing. In total, 13 studies on 11 screeners based on FBDGs were included; 7 screeners were targeted to DCT. The content and scoring of screeners were based on the corresponding national FBDGs. The validity and/or reliability of screeners were investigated in 11 studies; responsiveness was not tested for any screener and practicality was considered in all studies. Based on the screeners reviewed, a systematic rationale to develop, enhance and test screeners based on national FBDGs was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hoffmann
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, 36037 Fulda, Germany; (J.A.); (K.K.-M.)
| | - Sarah Egert
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Joachim Allgaier
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, 36037 Fulda, Germany; (J.A.); (K.K.-M.)
| | - Kathrin Kohlenberg-Müller
- Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, 36037 Fulda, Germany; (J.A.); (K.K.-M.)
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90
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Guo L, Zhang M, Namassevayam G, Wei M, Zhang G, He Y, Guo Y, Liu Y. Effectiveness of health management among individuals at high risk of stroke: An intervention study based on the health ecology model and self-determination theory (HEM-SDT). Heliyon 2023; 9:e21301. [PMID: 37964830 PMCID: PMC10641168 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is the second leading cause of death in adults worldwide. However, up to 80% of strokes can be prevented by modifying risk factors. Objective The study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Health Ecology Model and Self-Determination Theory (HEM-SDT) based health management intervention among individuals at high risk of stroke. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Zhengzhou from May 1st, 2020, to December 31st, 2020. A total of 229 participants were recruited for the study, with 116 individuals at high risk of stroke being randomly assigned to the HEM-SDT health management group, while 113 participants were enrolled in the control group, following their current routine practices. The Generalized Estimating Equation model (GEE) was used to analyze the differences in health knowledge, belief and, behavior between the two groups at the beginning of the intervention, and at 6-month intervals after the intervention. The chi-square test was utilized to assess the control rate of risk factors. Results After 6 months of intervention, there were significant improvements in health knowledge, behavior, and belief among the participants. The study found significant differences in the interaction effects between time and group for health knowledge (Mean, SD = 25.62 ± 3.88, 95%CI: 7.944-9.604, P<0.001), health belief (Mean, SD = 87.18 ± 14.21, 95%CI: 23.999-29.887, P<0.001), and health behavior (Mean, SD = 173.28 ± 24.22, 95%CI: 22.332-36.904, P<0.001). Additionally, the rates of hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, high or medium risk condition of stroke, obesity, hyperhomocysteinemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, and lack of exercise also showed statistical significance (P<0.05) after the intervention. Conclusion The HEM-SDT health management model improves the health knowledge, behavior, and beliefs in people at high risk of stroke and remarkably it shows improvement in modifiable risk factors. It can be recommended for systematic health management in people at high-risk of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Guo
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengyv Zhang
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Genoosha Namassevayam
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Supplementary Health Sciences, Faculty of Health-Care Sciences, Eastern University, Sri Lanka
| | - Miao Wei
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gege Zhang
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yv He
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanli Guo
- Department of Neurology, National Advanced Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanjin Liu
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
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Özcan A, Nijland N, Gerdes VEA, Bruers JJM, Loos BG. Willingness for Medical Screening in a Dental Setting-A Pilot Questionnaire Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6969. [PMID: 37947527 PMCID: PMC10650185 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20216969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
An important way to manage noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is to focus on prevention, early detection, and reducing associated risk factors. Risk factors can be detected with simple general health checks, which can also be performed in dental clinics. The purpose of this study was to investigate participants' willingness to participate in general health checks at the dentist, in particular the difference in opinion between medical patients and random healthy dental attendees. A total of 100 medical patients from an outpatient internal medicine clinic and 100 dental clinic attendees were included (total of 200 participants). The participants were asked for their opinion using six closed-ended questions. Overall, 91.0% of participants were receptive to information about the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The majority (80-90%) was receptive to screening for DM and CVD risk, such as weight and height measurements, blood pressure measurement, saliva testing for CVD and to measure glucose and cholesterol via finger stick. No significant differences were found in the frequencies of the responses between the different groups based on health status, age, sex, or cultural background. This study shows that most participants are willing to undergo medical screening at the dentist for early detection and/or prevention of common NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiye Özcan
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.G.L.)
| | - Nina Nijland
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.G.L.)
| | - Victor E. A. Gerdes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, 2134 TM Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Josef J. M. Bruers
- Department of Oral Public Health, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Royal Dutch Dental Association (KNMT), 3528 BB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno G. Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands (B.G.L.)
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Pedroso CF, Pereira CC, Cavalcante AMRZ, Guimarães RA. Magnitude of risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases in adolescents and young adults in Brazil: A population-based study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292612. [PMID: 37856487 PMCID: PMC10586685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Estimate the magnitude and factors associated with risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases in adolescents and young adults in Brazil. METHODS Cross-sectional study that analyzed data from the 2019 National Health Survey. The population of interest was adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 24 years. Data were collected through individual interviews during home visits. Dependent variables included major risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics were used as independent variables. Multiple Poisson regression models were used to assess the relationship between independent variables and risk factors. RESULTS A total of 10,460 individuals (5,001 men and 5,459 women) were included. Regardless of sex, the most prevalent risk factors were insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption (92.6%) and leisure-time physical inactivity (43.3%). The prevalence rates of tobacco smokers, alcohol consumption once a month or more, and alcohol abuse were 8.9%, 28.7%, and 18.5%, respectively. Regular consumption of soft drinks and/or artificial juices was described by 17.2%. The prevalence of overweight was 32.5%. Young adults, males, and individuals with lower educational levels, of black race/skin color, with lower household income, and residents of urban areas had a higher prevalence for most risk factors. Differences in the determinants were found for some factors. Inequalities between Brazilian regions were recorded for seven of the nine factors analyzed. The most socioeconomically developed regions had the highest prevalence of most risk factors. The high magnitude of risk factors indicates a potential increase in the burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases in a future scenario for Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlise Fortunato Pedroso
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás, Goiânia Oeste Campus, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Cristina Camargo Pereira
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Alves Guimarães
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Faculty of Nursing, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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93
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Song L, Li J, Yu S, Cai Y, He H, Lun J, Zheng L, Ye J. Body Mass Index is Associated with blood pressure and vital capacity in medical students. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:174. [PMID: 37853414 PMCID: PMC10585863 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widely reported associations between body mass index (BMI) and various chronic diseases, such as hypertension and asthma, have garnered significant attention. Nonetheless, there remains a dearth of research dedicated to understanding the health impacts of medical school on the students, who experience considerable academic pressure. In that context, this study was driven by the goal of investigating the intricate interplay between BMI, blood pressure (BP), and vital capacity among medical students. METHODS This study included a cohort of 843 medical students enrolled at Southern Medical University who were selected through random cluster sampling. Within this cohort, measurements of height, weight, BP, and vital capacity were taken. Subsequently, both BMI and vital capacity index (VCI) were calculated for each participant. By categorizing the subjects into four groups according to BMI classifications, a comprehensive analysis that included correlation assessments and binomial logistic regression was conducted. RESULTS Within the participant pool, 9.4% and 3.8% of participants were classified as overweight and obese, respectively. Additionally, the prevalence of prehypertension, hypertension, and poor VCI was 18.1%, 2.7%, and 13.5%, respectively. Notably, male students exhibited a higher prevalence of the aforementioned health issues than their female counterparts. Correlation analysis revealed that BMI displayed positive associations with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and vital capacity (r = 0.372, 0.257, 0.428; P < 0.001). However, an inverse correlation emerged between BMI and VCI (r = -0.284, P < 0.001). Further analysis revealed that overweight and obese individuals faced an elevated risk of high blood pressure ([OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.15-3.67] and [OR 5.44, 95% CI 2.28-13.02], respectively) compared to their normal-weight counterparts. Moreover, these groups also exhibited a higher risk of poor VCI ([OR 5.25, 95% CI 3.04-9.06] and [OR 15.61, 95% CI 6.81-35.81], respectively), while underweight subjects experienced a reduced risk ([OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.07-0.52]). CONCLUSIONS BMI demonstrated a notably strong positive correlation with both BP and vital capacity and a negative correlation with VCI. Therefore, for medical students as well as the daily health care of patients, weight control is recommended to better combat obesity-related diseases, for example, cardiopulmonary diseases, gout and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxia Song
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajin Li
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Sen Yu
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunjia Cai
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Lun
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zheng
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jufeng Ye
- Experimental Teaching Center of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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94
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Fras Z, Jakše B, Kreft S, Malek Ž, Kamin T, Tavčar N, Fidler Mis N. The Activities of the Slovenian Strategic Council for Nutrition 2023/24 to Improve the Health of the Slovenian Population and the Sustainability of Food: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4390. [PMID: 37892467 PMCID: PMC10610012 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The health status of individuals in Slovenia across age groups is a matter of concern, as current unsustainable lifestyle choices are already leading to various chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Outdated national dietary guidelines, their inconsistent implementation, and a lack of structural changes represent obstacles to promoting healthy and sustainable nutrition. Limited access to and rising prices of healthy, sustainable foods, in addition to the high availability of low-priced, highly processed foods, increase the risk of NCDs. The lack of systematic health monitoring and early disease detection poses a challenge. Global and local environmental issues, resistance, and/or the inability to adopt healthier diets hinder individuals from changing their nutritional behaviours. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the current situation in Slovenia as well as planned activities initiated by the Slovenian government and the Prime Minister's Strategic Council for Nutrition, aiming to make progress in supporting healthy and sustainable nutrition, limiting food waste, and increasing the availability of healthier foods for all. Improving the sustainability of the Slovenian food system can contribute to several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), ensuring Slovenia's commitment to internationally agreed-upon targets. This could lead Slovenia to take a role as a pilot country in testing and implementing the necessary systemic changes, which could be further applied in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Fras
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Preventive Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Samo Kreft
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Žiga Malek
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Tanja Kamin
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Nika Tavčar
- Umanotera, The Slovenian Foundation for Sustainable Development, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Nataša Fidler Mis
- Ministry of Health, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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95
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Dhond K, Hu Y, Yetisen AK. Dermal tattoo biosensors. DERMATOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 74:819-821. [PMID: 37450053 PMCID: PMC10516771 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-023-05195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kailas Dhond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
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96
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Shah M, Poojari M, Nadig P, Kakkad D, Dutta SB, Sinha S, Chowdhury K, Dagli N, Haque M, Kumar S. Vitamin D and Periodontal Health: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e47773. [PMID: 37899906 PMCID: PMC10612541 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of vitamin D in maintaining gum well-being is crucial. However, scientific research reported that the connotations of cholecalciferol and periodontal health have been divested in the present literature. However, there is enormous heterogeneity in the data available. The current review aims to systematically review and appraise the available literature investigating the role of vitamin D in maintaining periodontal health. Studies included randomized controlled trials and clinical trials following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and cohort studies reporting associations between vitamin D and oral health in systemically healthy patients. Databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, and other sources, including hand search, were searched until May 2023 using together-equipped search sequences. Altogether, scientific articles that conform to the inclusion principles underwent a thorough eminence evaluation. All papers meeting inclusion criteria were subject to quality assessment, and the method used to assess the risk of bias was the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The search identified 1883 papers, among which 1435 were excluded after title evaluation. After abstract and title screening, 455 were excluded, and six full texts were assessed. After full-text evaluation, two articles were excluded, and only four were included. The data shows vitamin D's association with oral health maintenance. Along with its action on bone metabolism, it has extended function, which provides for its action as an anti-inflammatory agent and production of anti-microbial peptides, which help maintain oral health. Although the literature available is immense, there is enormous heterogenicity in the papers conducted to appraise the association between vitamin D and oral health. This systematic review has filtered all the data to review a few essential aspects of the role of vitamin D in maintaining oral physiology. Vitamin D has a linear relationship with periodontal health; however, the evidence is insufficient, and further studies must be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monali Shah
- Periodontology, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, IND
| | - Megha Poojari
- Periodontology, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, IND
| | - Prasad Nadig
- Periodontology, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, IND
| | - Dinta Kakkad
- Public Health Dentistry, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, IND
| | | | - Susmita Sinha
- Physiology, Khulna City Medical College and Hospital, Khulna, BGD
| | - Kona Chowdhury
- Pediatrics, Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Namrata Dagli
- Dental Research, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Mainul Haque
- Research, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
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97
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Wang D, He Q, Xia B, Zheng J, Cao W, Su S, Hu F, Li J, Zhang Y, Ren Z, Li X, Wu X, Huang Y, Tang Y, Wei F, Zou H, Jiang H, Huang J, Meng W, Bai M, Yang K, Yuan J. A protocol of Chinese expert consensuses for the management of health risk in the general public. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1225053. [PMID: 37841744 PMCID: PMC10569298 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1225053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Robust evidence has demonstrated that modifiable lifestyle factors such as unhealthy diet, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity are the primary causes of NCDs. Although a series of guidelines for the management of NCDs have been published in China, these guidelines mainly focus on clinical practice targeting clinicians rather than the general population, and the evidence for NCD prevention based on modifiable lifestyle factors has been disorganized. Therefore, comprehensive and evidence-based guidance for the risk management of major NCDs for the general Chinese population is urgently needed. To achieve this overarching aim, we plan to develop a series of expert consensuses covering 15 major NCDs on health risk management for the general Chinese population. The objectives of these consensuses are (1) to identify and recommend suitable risk assessment methods for the Chinese population; and (2) to make recommendations for the prevention of major NCDs by integrating the current best evidence and experts' opinions. Methods and analysis For each expert consensus, we will establish a consensus working group comprising 40-50 members. Consensus questions will be formulated by integrating literature reviews, expert opinions, and an online survey. Systematic reviews will be considered as the primary evidence sources. We will conduct new systematic reviews if there are no eligible systematic reviews, the methodological quality is low, or the existing systematic reviews have been published for more than 3 years. We will evaluate the quality of evidence and make recommendations according to the GRADE approach. The consensuses will be reported according to the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiangsheng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Wangnan Cao
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaochen Su
- Healthy Examination & Management Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fulan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Office for Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Key Laboratory for National Cancer Big Data Analysis and Implement, Beijing, China
| | - Yuelun Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengjia Ren
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Center for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yafang Huang
- School of General Practice and Continuing Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjiang Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fuxin Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huachun Zou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huaili Jiang
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Huang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenbo Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ming Bai
- The Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- Health Technology Assessment Center, Evidence Based Social Science Research Center, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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98
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Onteri SN, Kariuki J, Mathu D, Wangui AM, Magige L, Mutai J, Chuchu V, Karanja S, Ahmed I, Mokua S, Otambo P, Bukania Z. Diabetes health care specific services readiness and availability in Kenya: Implications for Universal Health Coverage. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0002292. [PMID: 37756286 PMCID: PMC10529624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide yet preventable. Complications of undetected and untreated diabetes result in serious human suffering and disability. It negatively impacts on individual's social economic status threatening economic prosperity. There is a scarcity of data on health system diabetes service readiness and availability in Kenya which necessitated an investigation into the specific availability and readiness of diabetes services. A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out using the Kenya service availability and readiness mapping tool in 598 randomly selected public health facilities in 12 purposively selected counties. Ethical standards outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments were upheld throughout the study. Health facilities were classified into primary and secondary level facilities prior to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS version 25. Exploratory data analysis techniques were employed to uncover the distribution structure of continuous study variables. For categorical variables, descriptive statistics in terms of proportions, frequency distributions and percentages were used. Of the 598 facilities visited, 83.3% were classified as primary while 16.6% as secondary. A variation in specific diabetes service availability and readiness was depicted in the 12 counties and between primary and secondary level facilities. Human resource for health reported a low mean availability (46%; 95% CI 44%-48%) with any NCDs specialist and nutritionist the least carder available. Basic equipment and diagnostic capacity reported a fairly high mean readiness (73%; 95% CI 71%-75%) and (64%; 95%CI 60%-68%) respectively. Generally, primary health facilities had low diabetic specific service availability and readiness compared to secondary facilities: capacity to cope with diabetes increased as the level of care ascended to higher levels. Significant gaps were identified in overall availability and readiness in both primary and secondary levels facilities particularly in terms of human resource for health specifically nutrition and laboratory profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen N. Onteri
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Kariuki
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David Mathu
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Antony M. Wangui
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lucy Magige
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Mutai
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vyolah Chuchu
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sarah Karanja
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ismail Ahmed
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sharon Mokua
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Priscah Otambo
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Zipporah Bukania
- Centre for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
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99
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Bi YN, Liu YA. GPs in UK: From Health Gatekeepers in Primary Care to Health Agents in Primary Health Care. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:1929-1939. [PMID: 37750073 PMCID: PMC10518152 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s416934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
After 75 years of reformed practice, general practitioners (GPs) in the UK have transformed from health gatekeepers who simply provide medical decision-making such as diagnostic and treatment services and referral services, to health agents who proactively provide more relevant health services such as immunizations, health monitoring and health management, etc. In order to discuss this transformation of the role of the general practitioner and the conditions for the evolution of the role, this study chose the documentary analysis method to provide a comprehensive overview of the legal and normative documents related to the general practitioner. Furthermore, this study uses a comparative analysis method to conclude the definition and role characteristics of GPs as health agents. This study summarises the general pattern of evolution of GPs into health agents. The transformation into a health agent relies on the interpersonal trust and rigorous institutional of society on the general practitioner system. The expansion of GPs' clientele and range of services, together with the motivation to proactively provide services, have combined to push for a "qualitative change" in the GP's role as health agent. The transformation of the role of the general practitioner to a health agent is a historical necessity. It responds to the evolution of society's understanding of health and the need for higher levels of health. Therefore, recognizing the role of GPs as health agents is important for optimizing the use of health care resources and improving the health of society by taking advantage of this role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Nan Bi
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-An Liu
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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100
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Ibrahim ST, Hammami N, Katapally TR. Traditional surveys versus ecological momentary assessments: Digital citizen science approaches to improve ethical physical activity surveillance among youth. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 2:e0000294. [PMID: 37756285 PMCID: PMC10529555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of physical activity (PA) in minimizing non-communicable diseases is well established. Measurement bias can be reduced via ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) deployed via citizen-owned smartphones. This study aims to engage citizen scientists to understand how PA reported digitally by retrospective and prospective measures varies within the same cohort. This study used the digital citizen science approach to collaborate with citizen scientists, aged 13-21 years over eight consecutive days via a custom-built app. Citizen scientists were recruited through schools in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada in 2018 (August 31-December 31). Retrospective PA was assessed through a survey, which was adapted from three validated PA surveys to suit smartphone-based data collection, and prospective PA was assessed through time-triggered EMAs deployed consecutively every day, from day 1 to day 8, including weekdays and weekends. Data analyses included paired t-tests to understand the difference in PA reported retrospectively and prospectively, and linear regressions to assess contextual and demographic factors associated with PA reported retrospectively and prospectively. Findings showed a significant difference between PA reported retrospectively and prospectively (p = 0.001). Ethnicity (visible minorities: β = - 0.911, 95% C.I. = -1.677, -0.146), parental education (university: β = 0.978, 95% C.I. = 0.308, 1.649), and strength training (at least one day: β = 0.932, 95% C.I. = 0.108, 1.755) were associated with PA reported prospectively. In contrast, the number of active friends (at least one friend: β = 0.741, 95% C.I. = 0.026, 1.458) was associated with retrospective PA. Physical inactivity is the fourth leading cause of mortality globally, which requires accurate monitoring to inform population health interventions. In this digital age, where ubiquitous devices provide real-time engagement capabilities, digital citizen science can transform how we measure behaviours using citizen-owned ubiquitous digital tools to support prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheriff Tolulope Ibrahim
- DEPtH Lab, School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nour Hammami
- Department of Child and Youth Studies, Trent University Durham, 55 Thornton Road South, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tarun Reddy Katapally
- DEPtH Lab, School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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