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Luong TT, Bernstein KA. Role and Regulation of the RECQL4 Family during Genomic Integrity Maintenance. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1919. [PMID: 34946868 PMCID: PMC8701316 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RECQL4 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved RecQ family of 3' to 5' DNA helicases. RECQL4 is critical for maintaining genomic stability through its functions in DNA repair, recombination, and replication. Unlike many DNA repair proteins, RECQL4 has unique functions in many of the central DNA repair pathways such as replication, telomere, double-strand break repair, base excision repair, mitochondrial maintenance, nucleotide excision repair, and crosslink repair. Consistent with these diverse roles, mutations in RECQL4 are associated with three distinct genetic diseases, which are characterized by developmental defects and/or cancer predisposition. In this review, we provide an overview of the roles and regulation of RECQL4 during maintenance of genome homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kara A. Bernstein
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
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52
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Di Cesare F, Luchinat C, Tenori L, Saccenti E. Age and sex dependent changes of free circulating blood metabolite and lipid abundances, correlations and ratios. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:918-926. [PMID: 34748631 PMCID: PMC9071469 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated how the concentrations, pairwise correlations and ratios of 202 free circulating blood metabolites and lipids vary with age in a panel of n = 1 882 participants with an age range from 48 to 94 years. We report a statistically significant sex-dependent association with age of a panel of metabolites and lipids involving, in women, linoleic acid, α-linoleic acid, and carnitine, and, in men, monoacylglycerols and lysophosphatidylcholines. Evaluating the association of correlations among metabolites and/or lipids with age, we found that phosphatidylcholines correlations tend to have a positive trend associated with age in women, and monoacylglycerols and lysophosphatidylcholines correlations tend to have a negative trend associated with age in men. The association of ratio between molecular features with age reveals that decanoyl-l-carnitine/lysophosphatidylcholine ratio in women “decrease” with age, while l-carnitine/phosphatidylcholine and l-acetylcarnitine/phosphatidylcholine ratios in men “increase” with age. These results suggest an age-dependent remodeling of lipid metabolism that induces changes in cell membrane bilayer composition and cell cycle mechanisms. Furthermore, we conclude that lipidome is directly involved in this age-dependent differentiation. Our results demonstrate that, using a comprehensive approach focused on the changes of concentrations and relationships of blood metabolites and lipids, as expressed by their correlations and ratios, it is possible to obtain relevant information about metabolic dynamics associated with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Cesare
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Edoardo Saccenti
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Ahluwalia M, Kumar M, Ahluwalia P, Rahimi S, Vender JR, Raju RP, Hess DC, Baban B, Vale FL, Dhandapani KM, Vaibhav K. Rescuing mitochondria in traumatic brain injury and intracerebral hemorrhages - A potential therapeutic approach. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105192. [PMID: 34560175 PMCID: PMC8542401 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles responsible for cellular energy production. Besides, regulating energy homeostasis, mitochondria are responsible for calcium homeostasis, signal transmission, and the fate of cellular survival in case of injury and pathologies. Accumulating reports have suggested multiple roles of mitochondria in neuropathologies, neurodegeneration, and immune activation under physiological and pathological conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction, which occurs at the initial phase of brain injury, involves oxidative stress, inflammation, deficits in mitochondrial bioenergetics, biogenesis, transport, and autophagy. Thus, development of targeted therapeutics to protect mitochondria may improve functional outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH). In this review, we summarize mitochondrial dysfunction related to TBI and ICH, including the mechanisms involved, and discuss therapeutic approaches with special emphasis on past and current clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Ahluwalia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Pankaj Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Scott Rahimi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - John R Vender
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Raghavan P Raju
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - David C Hess
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Fernando L Vale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Krishnan M Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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54
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Barnette BL, Yu Y, Ullrich RL, Emmett MR. Mitochondrial Effects in the Liver of C57BL/6 Mice by Low Dose, High Energy, High Charge Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111806. [PMID: 34769236 PMCID: PMC8584048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactic cosmic rays are primarily composed of protons (85%), helium (14%), and high charge/high energy ions (HZEs) such as 56Fe, 28Si, and 16O. HZE exposure is a major risk factor for astronauts during deep-space travel due to the possibility of HZE-induced cancer. A systems biology integrated omics approach encompassing transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and functional biochemical assays was used to identify microenvironmental changes induced by HZE exposure. C57BL/6 mice were placed into six treatment groups and received the following irradiation treatments: 600 MeV/n 56Fe (0.2 Gy), 1 GeV/n 16O (0.2 Gy), 350 MeV/n 28Si (0.2 Gy), 137Cs (1.0 Gy) gamma rays, 137Cs (3.0 Gy) gamma rays, and sham irradiation. Left liver lobes were collected at 30, 60, 120, 270, and 360 days post-irradiation. Analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data utilizing ingenuity pathway analysis identified multiple pathways involved in mitochondrial function that were altered after HZE irradiation. Lipids also exhibited changes that were linked to mitochondrial function. Molecular assays for mitochondrial Complex I activity showed significant decreases in activity after HZE exposure. HZE-induced mitochondrial dysfunction suggests an increased risk for deep space travel. Microenvironmental and pathway analysis as performed in this research identified possible targets for countermeasures to mitigate risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L. Barnette
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Yongjia Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Robert L. Ullrich
- The Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF), Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan;
| | - Mark R. Emmett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(409)-747-1943
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55
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Kron NS, Fieber LA. Aplysia Neurons as a Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Shared Genes and Differential Expression. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:287-302. [PMID: 34664226 PMCID: PMC8840921 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01918-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the United States, development of therapeutics has proven difficult. Invertebrate alternatives to current mammalian AD models have been successfully employed to study the etiology of the molecular hallmarks of AD. The marine snail Aplysia californica offers a unique and underutilized system in which to study the physiological, behavioral, and molecular impacts of AD. Mapping of the Aplysia proteome to humans and cross-referencing with two databases of genes of interest in AD research identified 898 potential orthologs of interest in Aplysia. Included among these orthologs were alpha, beta and gamma secretases, amyloid-beta, and tau. Comparison of age-associated differential expression in Aplysia sensory neurons with that of late-onset AD in the frontal lobe identified 59 ortholog with concordant differential expression across data sets. The 21 concordantly upregulated genes suggested increased cellular stress and protein dyshomeostasis. The 47 concordantly downregulated genes included important components of diverse neuronal processes, including energy metabolism, mitochondrial homeostasis, synaptic signaling, Ca++ regulation, and cellular cargo transport. Compromised functions in these processes are known hallmarks of both human aging and AD, the ramifications of which are suggested to underpin cognitive declines in aging and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Kron
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL, 33149, USA.
| | - Lynne A Fieber
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
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56
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Ding XW, Robinson M, Li R, Aldhowayan H, Geetha T, Babu JR. Mitochondrial dysfunction and beneficial effects of mitochondria-targeted small peptide SS-31 in Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105783. [PMID: 34302976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease are common chronic illnesses in the United States and lack clearly demonstrated therapeutics. Mitochondria, the "powerhouse of the cell", is involved in the homeostatic regulation of glucose, energy, and reduction/oxidation reactions. The mitochondria has been associated with the etiology of metabolic and neurological disorders through a dysfunction of regulation of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondria-targeted chemicals, such as the Szeto-Schiller-31 peptide, have advanced therapeutic potential through the inhibition of oxidative stress and the restoration of normal mitochondrial function as compared to traditional antioxidants, such as vitamin E. In this article, we summarize the pathophysiological relevance of the mitochondria and the beneficial effects of Szeto-Schiller-31 peptide in the treatment of Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Megan Robinson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rongzi Li
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Hadeel Aldhowayan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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57
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Sutherland TC, Sefiani A, Horvat D, Huntington TE, Lei Y, West AP, Geoffroy CG. Age-Dependent Decline in Neuron Growth Potential and Mitochondria Functions in Cortical Neurons. Cells 2021; 10:1625. [PMID: 34209640 PMCID: PMC8306398 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The age of incidence of spinal cord injury (SCI) and the average age of people living with SCI is continuously increasing. However, SCI is extensively modeled in young adult animals, hampering translation of research to clinical applications. While there has been significant progress in manipulating axon growth after injury, the impact of aging is still unknown. Mitochondria are essential to successful neurite and axon growth, while aging is associated with a decline in mitochondrial functions. Using isolation and culture of adult cortical neurons, we analyzed mitochondrial changes in 2-, 6-, 12- and 18-month-old mice. We observed reduced neurite growth in older neurons. Older neurons also showed dysfunctional respiration, reduced membrane potential, and altered mitochondrial membrane transport proteins; however, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abundance and cellular ATP were increased. Taken together, these data suggest that dysfunctional mitochondria in older neurons may be associated with the age-dependent reduction in neurite growth. Both normal aging and traumatic injury are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, posing a challenge for an aging SCI population as the two elements can combine to worsen injury outcomes. The results of this study highlight this as an area of great interest in CNS trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa C. Sutherland
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (T.C.S.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (T.E.H.)
| | - Arthur Sefiani
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (T.C.S.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (T.E.H.)
| | - Darijana Horvat
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (T.C.S.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (T.E.H.)
| | - Taylor E. Huntington
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (T.C.S.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (T.E.H.)
| | - Yuanjiu Lei
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (Y.L.); (A.P.W.)
| | - A. Phillip West
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (Y.L.); (A.P.W.)
| | - Cédric G. Geoffroy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; (T.C.S.); (A.S.); (D.H.); (T.E.H.)
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58
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Budni J, Braga Brandão A, da Silva S, Lima Garcez M, Mina F, Bellettini-Santos T, Casagrande Zabot G, Behenck Medeiros E, Scaini G, de Oliveira J, Streck EL, Quevedo J. Oral administration of D-galactose increases brain tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes activities in Wistar rats. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1057-1067. [PMID: 33616841 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
D-galactose (D-gal) is a carbohydrate widely distributed in regular diets. However, D-gal administration in rodents is associated with behavioral and neurochemical alterations similar to features observed in aging. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the effects of D-gal exposure, in different periods, in rats' brain regions' activities of creatine kinase (CK) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes. Male adult Wistar rats received D-gal (100 mg/kg, gavage) for 1, 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks. CK and TCA enzymes' activities were evaluated in rats' prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In general, the results showed an increase in citrate synthase (CS) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities in animals treated with D-gal compared to the control group in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Also, in the fourth week, the malate dehydrogenase (MD) activity increased in the hippocampus of rats that received D-gal compared to control rats. In addition, we observed an increase in the CK activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the first and eighth weeks of treatment in the D-gal group compared to the control group. D-gal administration orally administered modulated TCA cycle enzymes and CK activities in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, which were also observed in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. However, more studies using experimental models are necessary to understand better the impact and contribution of these brain metabolic abnormalities associated with D-gal consumption for aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Budni
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil.
| | - Arleide Braga Brandão
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Sabrina da Silva
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Michelle Lima Garcez
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Francielle Mina
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Bellettini-Santos
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Casagrande Zabot
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Behenck Medeiros
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emílio Luiz Streck
- Experimental Neurology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Center of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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Hartmann A, Hartmann C, Secci R, Hermann A, Fuellen G, Walter M. Ranking Biomarkers of Aging by Citation Profiling and Effort Scoring. Front Genet 2021; 12:686320. [PMID: 34093670 PMCID: PMC8176216 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.686320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging affects most living organisms and includes the processes that reduce health and survival. The chronological and the biological age of individuals can differ remarkably, and there is a lack of reliable biomarkers to monitor the consequences of aging. In this review we give an overview of commonly mentioned and frequently used potential aging-related biomarkers. We were interested in biomarkers of aging in general and in biomarkers related to cellular senescence in particular. To answer the question whether a biological feature is relevant as a potential biomarker of aging or senescence in the scientific community we used the PICO strategy known from evidence-based medicine. We introduced two scoring systems, aimed at reflecting biomarker relevance and measurement effort, which can be used to support study designs in both clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christiane Hartmann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht-Kossel”, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Riccardo Secci
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht-Kossel”, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Aging Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Walter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité –Berlin Institute of Health, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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60
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Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050524. [PMID: 34067173 PMCID: PMC8150909 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with human aging. Ten percent of individuals over 65 years have AD and its prevalence continues to rise with increasing age. There are currently no effective disease modifying treatments for AD, resulting in increasingly large socioeconomic and personal costs. Increasing age is associated with an increase in low-grade chronic inflammation (inflammaging) that may contribute to the neurodegenerative process in AD. Although the exact mechanisms remain unclear, aberrant elevation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) levels from several endogenous and exogenous processes in the brain may not only affect cell signaling, but also trigger cellular senescence, inflammation, and pyroptosis. Moreover, a compromised immune privilege of the brain that allows the infiltration of peripheral immune cells and infectious agents may play a role. Additionally, meta-inflammation as well as gut microbiota dysbiosis may drive the neuroinflammatory process. Considering that inflammatory/immune pathways are dysregulated in parallel with cognitive dysfunction in AD, elucidating the relationship between the central nervous system and the immune system may facilitate the development of a safe and effective therapy for AD. We discuss some current ideas on processes in inflammaging that appear to drive the neurodegenerative process in AD and summarize details on a few immunomodulatory strategies being developed to selectively target the detrimental aspects of neuroinflammation without affecting defense mechanisms against pathogens and tissue damage.
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61
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Zhunina OA, Yabbarov NG, Grechko AV, Starodubova AV, Ivanova E, Nikiforov NG, Orekhov AN. The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Vascular Disease, Tumorigenesis, and Diabetes. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:671908. [PMID: 34026846 PMCID: PMC8138126 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.671908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to be associated with a wide range of human pathologies, such as cancer, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. One of the possible ways of mitochondrial involvement in the cellular damage is excessive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) that cannot be effectively neutralized by existing antioxidant systems. In mitochondria, ROS and RNS can contribute to protein and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage causing failure of enzymatic chains and mutations that can impair mitochondrial function. These processes further lead to abnormal cell signaling, premature cell senescence, initiation of inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent studies have identified numerous mtDNA mutations associated with different human pathologies. Some of them result in imbalanced oxidative phosphorylation, while others affect mitochondrial protein synthesis. In this review, we discuss the role of mtDNA mutations in cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and atherosclerosis. We provide a list of currently described mtDNA mutations associated with each pathology and discuss the possible future perspective of the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Zhunina
- Chemical Biology Department, Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita G. Yabbarov
- Chemical Biology Department, Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ekaterina Ivanova
- Department of Basic Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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62
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Ainslie A, Huiting W, Barazzuol L, Bergink S. Genome instability and loss of protein homeostasis: converging paths to neurodegeneration? Open Biol 2021; 11:200296. [PMID: 33878947 PMCID: PMC8059563 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome instability and loss of protein homeostasis are hallmark events of age-related diseases that include neurodegeneration. Several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are characterized by protein aggregation, while an impaired DNA damage response (DDR) as in many genetic DNA repair disorders leads to pronounced neuropathological features. It remains unclear to what degree these cellular events interconnect with each other in the development of neurological diseases. This review highlights how the loss of protein homeostasis and genome instability influence one other. We will discuss studies that illustrate this connection. DNA damage contributes to many neurodegenerative diseases, as shown by an increased level of DNA damage in patients, possibly due to the effects of protein aggregates on chromatin, the sequestration of DNA repair proteins and novel putative DNA repair functions. Conversely, genome stability is also important for protein homeostasis. For example, gene copy number variations and the loss of key DDR components can lead to marked proteotoxic stress. An improved understanding of how protein homeostasis and genome stability are mechanistically connected is needed and promises to lead to the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ainslie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Huiting
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Bergink
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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63
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Schneider JL, Rowe JH, Garcia-de-Alba C, Kim CF, Sharpe AH, Haigis MC. The aging lung: Physiology, disease, and immunity. Cell 2021; 184:1990-2019. [PMID: 33811810 PMCID: PMC8052295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The population is aging at a rate never seen before in human history. As the number of elderly adults grows, it is imperative we expand our understanding of the underpinnings of aging biology. Human lungs are composed of a unique panoply of cell types that face ongoing chemical, mechanical, biological, immunological, and xenobiotic stress over a lifetime. Yet, we do not fully appreciate the mechanistic drivers of lung aging and why age increases the risk of parenchymal lung disease, fatal respiratory infection, and primary lung cancer. Here, we review the molecular and cellular aspects of lung aging, local stress response pathways, and how the aging process predisposes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease. We place these insights into context of the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss how innate and adaptive immunity within the lung is altered with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L Schneider
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jared H Rowe
- Division of Hematology Boston Children's Hospital and Division of Pediatric Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carolina Garcia-de-Alba
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carla F Kim
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Disease, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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64
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Jafari A, Sheikholeslami-Vatani D, Khosrobakhsh F, Khaledi N. Synergistic Effects of Exercise Training and Vitamin D Supplementation on Mitochondrial Function of Cardiac Tissue, Antioxidant Capacity, and Tumor Growth in Breast Cancer in Bearing-4T1 Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:640237. [PMID: 33927639 PMCID: PMC8076802 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.640237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Both regular exercise training and vitamin D consumption are beneficial for patients with cancer. The study investigated the effects of interval exercise training (IET) or/and vitamin D supplementation on the gene expression involved in mitochondrial function of heart tissue, tumor size, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in breast cancer (BC) model mice. We assigned random 40 female NMRI mice to five equal groups (n = 8); the healthy control group (H.C), cancer control group (Ca.C), cancer with the vitamin D group (Ca.VD), cancer exercise group (Ca.Ex), and cancer exercise along with the vitamin D group (Ca.Ex.VD). Forty-eight hours after treatment, we anesthetized the animals and performed the isolation of heart tissue and blood serum for further studies. The results showed that the lowest mean body weight at the end of the treatments was related to Ca.C (p = 0.001). Vitamin D treatment alone has increased tumor volume growth by approximately 23%; in contrast, co-treatment with exercise and vitamin D inhibited tumor growth in mice (P = 0.001), compared with the cancer control (12%). TAC levels were higher in the group that received both vitamin D and exercise training (Ca.Ex.VD) than in the other treatment groups (Ca.VD and Ca.Ex) (p = 0.001). In cardiac tissue, vitamin D treatment induces an elevation significantly of the mRNA expression of Pgc1-α, Mfn-1, and Drp-1 genes (p = 0.001). The study has shown the overexpression of vitamin D in female mice, and synergistic effects of IET with vitamin D on weight loss controlling, antitumorigenesis, improvement of antioxidant defense, and the modulation of gene expression. The synergistic responses were likely by increasing mitochondrial fusion and TAC to control oxidative stress. We recommended being conducted further studies on mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis focusing on risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jafari
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Farnoosh Khosrobakhsh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Neda Khaledi
- Physical Education and Sports Sciences College, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran
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65
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Zhang X, Eliasberg CD, Rodeo SA. Mitochondrial dysfunction and potential mitochondrial protectant treatments in tendinopathy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1490:29-41. [PMID: 33843069 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal condition that affects a wide range of patients, including athletes, laborers, and older patients. Tendinopathy is often characterized by pain, swelling, and impaired performance and function. The etiology of tendinopathy is multifactorial, including both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Various treatment strategies have been described, but outcomes are often variable, as tendons have poor intrinsic healing potential compared with other tissues. Therefore, several novel targets for tendon regeneration have been identified and are being explored. Mitochondria are organelles that generate adenosine triphosphate, and they are considered to be the power generators of the cell. Recently, mitochondrial dysfunction verified by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased superoxide dismutase activity, cristae disorganization, and decreased number of mitochondria has been identified as a mechanism that may contribute to tendinopathy. This has provided new insights for studying tendinopathy pathogenesis and potential treatments via antioxidant, metabolic modulation, or ROS inhibition. In this review, we present the current understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in tendinopathy. The review summarizes the potential mechanism by which mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the development of tendinopathy, as well as the potential therapeutic benefits of mitochondrial protectants in the treatment of tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhang
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,Department of Sports Medicine & Research Center of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Claire D Eliasberg
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Scott A Rodeo
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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66
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Abstract
The health of a cell requires proper functioning, regulation, and quality control of its organelles, the membrane-enclosed compartments inside the cell that carry out its essential biochemical tasks. Aging commonly perturbs organelle homeostasis, causing problems to cellular health that can spur the initiation and progression of degenerative diseases and related pathologies. Here, we discuss emerging evidence indicating that age-related defects in organelle homeostasis stem in part from dysfunction of the autophagy-lysosome system, a pivotal player in cellular quality control and damage clearance. We also highlight natural examples from biology where enhanced activity of the autophagy-lysosome system might be harnessed to erase age-related organelle damage, raising potential implications for cellular rejuvenation.
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67
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Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles central to myriad cellular processes. To maintain mitochondrial health, various processes co-operate at both the molecular and organelle level. At the molecular level, mitochondria can sense imbalances in their homeostasis and adapt to these by signaling to the nucleus. This mito-nuclear communication leads to the expression of nuclear stress response genes. Upon external stimuli, mitochondria can also alter their morphology accordingly, by inducing fission or fusion. In an extreme situation, mitochondria are degraded by mitophagy. Adequate function and regulation of these mitochondrial quality control pathways are crucial for cellular homeostasis. As we discuss, alterations in these processes have been linked to several pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
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68
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López-Lluch G. Coenzyme Q homeostasis in aging: Response to non-genetic interventions. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:285-302. [PMID: 33454314 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a key component for many essential metabolic and antioxidant activities in cells in mitochondria and cell membranes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging and age-related diseases. Deprivation of CoQ during aging can be the cause or the consequence of this mitochondrial dysfunction. In any case, it seems clear that aging-associated CoQ deprivation accelerates mitochondrial dysfunction in these diseases. Non-genetic prolongevity interventions, including CoQ dietary supplementation, can increase CoQ levels in mitochondria and cell membranes improving mitochondrial activity and delaying cell and tissue deterioration by oxidative damage. In this review, we discuss the importance of CoQ deprivation in aging and age-related diseases and the effect of prolongevity interventions on CoQ levels and synthesis and CoQ-dependent antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo López-Lluch
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Centro Andaluz de Biología Del Desarrollo, CABD-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Carretera de Utrera Km. 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
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69
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Pagano G, Manfredi C, Pallardó FV, Lyakhovich A, Tiano L, Trifuoggi M. Potential roles of mitochondrial cofactors in the adjuvant mitigation of proinflammatory acute infections, as in the case of sepsis and COVID-19 pneumonia. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:159-170. [PMID: 33346851 PMCID: PMC7750159 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrial cofactors α-lipoic acid (ALA), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and carnitine (CARN) play distinct and complementary roles in mitochondrial functioning, along with strong antioxidant actions. Also termed mitochondrial nutrients (MNs), these cofactors have demonstrated specific protective actions in a number of chronic disorders, as assessed in a well-established body of literature. METHODS Using PubMed, the authors searched for articles containing information on the utilization of MNs in inflammatory disorders as assessed from in vitro and animal studies, and in clinical trials, in terms of exerting anti-inflammatory actions. RESULTS The retrieved literature provided evidence relating acute pathologic conditions, such as sepsis and pneumonia, with a number of redox endpoints of biological and clinical relevance. Among these findings, both ALA and CARN were effective in counteracting inflammation-associated redox biomarkers, while CoQ10 showed decreased levels in proinflammatory conditions. MN-associated antioxidant actions were applied in a number of acute disorders, mostly using one MN. The body of literature assessing the safety and the complementary roles of MNs taken together suggests an adjuvant role of MN combinations in counteracting oxidative stress in sepsis and other acute disorders, including COVID-19-associated pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS The present state of art in the use of individual MNs in acute disorders suggests planning adjuvant therapy trials utilizing MN combinations aimed at counteracting proinflammatory conditions, as in the case of pneumonia and the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Carla Manfredi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia-INCLIVA, CIBERER, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics of the "Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine", 630117, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnical University of Marche, 60100, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, Via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy
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70
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Sutherland TC, Geoffroy CG. Are mitochondria the key to reduce the age-dependent decline in axon growth after spinal cord injury? Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1444-1445. [PMID: 33318447 PMCID: PMC8284276 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.301016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa C Sutherland
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Cédric G Geoffroy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
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71
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Deciphering the genetic and epidemiological landscape of mitochondrial DNA abundance. Hum Genet 2020; 140:849-861. [PMID: 33385171 PMCID: PMC8099832 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial (MT) dysfunction is a hallmark of aging and has been associated with most aging-related diseases as well as immunological processes. However, little is known about aging, lifestyle and genetic factors influencing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abundance. In this study, mtDNA abundance was estimated from the weighted intensities of probes mapping to the MT genome in 295,150 participants from the UK Biobank. We found that the abundance of mtDNA was significantly elevated in women compared to men, was negatively correlated with advanced age, higher smoking exposure, greater body-mass index, higher frailty index as well as elevated red and white blood cell count and lower mortality. In addition, several biochemistry markers in blood-related to cholesterol metabolism, ion homeostasis and kidney function were found to be significantly associated with mtDNA abundance. By performing a genome-wide association study, we identified 50 independent regions genome-wide significantly associated with mtDNA abundance which harbour multiple genes involved in the immune system, cancer as well as mitochondrial function. Using mixed effects models, we estimated the SNP-heritability of mtDNA abundance to be around 8%. To investigate the consequence of altered mtDNA abundance, we performed a phenome-wide association study and found that mtDNA abundance is involved in risk for leukaemia, hematologic diseases as well as hypertension. Thus, estimating mtDNA abundance from genotyping arrays has the potential to provide novel insights into age- and disease-relevant processes, particularly those related to immunity and established mitochondrial functions.
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72
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Quiles JL, Rivas-García L, Varela-López A, Llopis J, Battino M, Sánchez-González C. Do nutrients and other bioactive molecules from foods have anything to say in the treatment against COVID-19? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110053. [PMID: 32835682 PMCID: PMC7442575 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The repositioning of therapeutic agents already approved by the regulatory agencies for the use of drugs is very interesting due to the immediacy of their use; similarly, the possibility of using molecules derived from foods, whether nutrients or not, is of great importance, also because of their immediate therapeutic applicability. Candidates for these natural therapies against COVID-19 should show certain effects, such as restoring mitochondrial function and cellular redox balance. This would allow reducing the susceptibility of risk groups and the cascade of events after SARS-CoV-2 infection, responsible for the clinical picture, triggered by the imbalance towards oxidation, inflammation, and cytokine storm. Possible strategies to follow through the use of substances of food origin would include: a) the promotion of mitophagy to remove dysfunctional mitochondria originating from free radicals, proton imbalance and virus evasion of the immune system; b) the administration of transition metals whose redox activity would lead to their own oxidation and the consequent generation of a reduced environment, which would normalize the oxidative state and the intracellular pH; c) the administration of molecules with demonstrated antioxidant capacity; d) the administration of compounds with anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory activity; e) the administration of immunomodulatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Quiles
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain; College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Lorenzo Rivas-García
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Sport and Health Research Centre. University of Granada, C/. Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Llopis
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Sport and Health Research Centre. University of Granada, C/. Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Cristina Sánchez-González
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Avda. Del Conocimiento S/n, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Sport and Health Research Centre. University of Granada, C/. Menéndez Pelayo 32, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
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73
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Vaiserman A, Koliada A, Zayachkivska A, Lushchak O. Curcumin: A therapeutic potential in ageing-related disorders. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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74
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Lee D, Jo MG, Kim SY, Chung CG, Lee SB. Dietary Antioxidants and the Mitochondrial Quality Control: Their Potential Roles in Parkinson's Disease Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111056. [PMID: 33126703 PMCID: PMC7692176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in medicine and dietary standards over recent decades have remarkably increased human life expectancy. Unfortunately, the chance of developing age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), increases with increased life expectancy. High metabolic demands of neurons are met by mitochondria, damage of which is thought to contribute to the development of many NDDs including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mitochondrial damage is closely associated with the abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are widely known to be toxic in various cellular environments, including NDD contexts. Thus, ways to prevent or slow mitochondrial dysfunction are needed for the treatment of these NDDs. In this review, we first detail how ROS are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and review the cellular mechanisms, such as the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system, by which neurons defend against both abnormal production of ROS and the subsequent accumulation of damaged mitochondria. We next highlight previous studies that link mitochondrial dysfunction with PD and how dietary antioxidants might provide reinforcement of the MQC system. Finally, we discuss how aging plays a role in mitochondrial dysfunction and PD before considering how healthy aging through proper diet and exercise may be salutary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Min Gu Jo
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Kim
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.G.C.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; (D.L.); (M.G.J.); (S.Y.K.)
- Protein Dynamics-Based Proteotoxicity Control Laboratory, Basic Research Lab, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.G.C.); (S.B.L.)
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75
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Salvadores N, Gerónimo-Olvera C, Court FA. Axonal Degeneration in AD: The Contribution of Aβ and Tau. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:581767. [PMID: 33192476 PMCID: PMC7593241 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.581767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder, affecting around 35 million people worldwide. Despite enormous efforts dedicated to AD research over decades, there is still no cure for the disease. Misfolding and accumulation of Aβ and tau proteins in the brain constitute a defining signature of AD neuropathology, and mounting evidence has documented a link between aggregation of these proteins and neuronal dysfunction. In this context, progressive axonal degeneration has been associated with early stages of AD and linked to Aβ and tau accumulation. As the axonal degeneration mechanism has been starting to be unveiled, it constitutes a promising target for neuroprotection in AD. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of axonal destruction in neurodegenerative conditions is therefore critical for the development of new therapies aimed to prevent axonal loss before irreversible neuronal death occurs in AD. Here, we review current evidence of the involvement of Aβ and tau pathologies in the activation of signaling cascades that can promote axonal demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Salvadores
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Fondap Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Gerónimo-Olvera
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Fondap Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe A Court
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Fondap Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
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76
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Pagano G, Pallardó FV, Lyakhovich A, Tiano L, Fittipaldi MR, Toscanesi M, Trifuoggi M. Aging-Related Disorders and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Critical Review for Prospect Mitoprotective Strategies Based on Mitochondrial Nutrient Mixtures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197060. [PMID: 32992778 PMCID: PMC7582285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of aging-related disorders (ARD) have been related to oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial dysfunction (MDF) in a well-established body of literature. Most studies focused on cardiovascular disorders (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and neurodegenerative disorders. Counteracting OS and MDF has been envisaged to improve the clinical management of ARD, and major roles have been assigned to three mitochondrial cofactors, also termed mitochondrial nutrients (MNs), i.e., α-lipoic acid (ALA), Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and carnitine (CARN). These cofactors exert essential–and distinct—roles in mitochondrial machineries, along with strong antioxidant properties. Clinical trials have mostly relied on the use of only one MN to ARD-affected patients as, e.g., in the case of CoQ10 in CVD, or of ALA in T2D, possibly with the addition of other antioxidants. Only a few clinical and pre-clinical studies reported on the administration of two MNs, with beneficial outcomes, while no available studies reported on the combined administration of three MNs. Based on the literature also from pre-clinical studies, the present review is to recommend the design of clinical trials based on combinations of the three MNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico V. Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia-INCLIVA, CIBERER, E-46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, E-08035 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain;
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics of the “Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine”, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnical University of Marche, I-60100 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Maria Rosa Fittipaldi
- Internal Medicine Unit, San Francesco d’Assisi Hospital, I-84020 Oliveto Citra (SA), Italy;
| | - Maria Toscanesi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (M.T.); (M.T.)
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Comparison of mitochondrial transplantation by using a stamp-type multineedle injector and platelet-rich plasma therapy for hair aging in naturally aging mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110520. [PMID: 32707439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of hair loss caused by aging is related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Pep-1-mediated mitochondrial transplantation is a potential therapeutic application for mitochondrial disorders, but its efficacy against hair aging remains unknown. This study compared platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy with mitochondrial transplantation for hair restoration and examined the related regulation in naturally aging mice. After dorsal hair removal, 100-week-old mice received weekly unilateral injections of 200 μg of allogeneic mitochondria-labeled 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine with (P-Mito) or without Pep-1 conjugation (Mito) or human PRP with a stamp-type electric injector for 1 month. The contralateral sides were used as corresponding sham controls. Compared with the control and corresponding sham groups, all treatments stimulated hair regrowth, and the effectiveness of P-Mito was equal to that of PRP. However, histology revealed that only P-Mito maintained hair length until day 28 and yielded more anagen follicles with abundant dermal collagen equivalent to that of the PRP group. Mitochondrial transplantation increased the thickness of subcutaneous fat compared with the control and PRP groups, and only P-Mito consistently increased mitochondria in the subcutaneous muscle and mitochondrial DNA copies in the skin layer. Therefore, P-Mito had a higher penetrating capacity than Mito did. Moreover, P-Mito treatment was as effective as PRP treatment in comprehensively reducing the expression of aging-associated gene markers, such as IGF1R and MRPS5, and increasing antiaging Klotho gene expression. This study validated the efficacy of mitochondrial therapy in the restoration of aging-related hair loss and demonstrated the distinct effects of PRP treatment.
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78
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Dietary nitrate improves skeletal muscle microvascular oxygenation in HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: a randomised, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:1277-1284. [PMID: 32576320 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 proteins and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have been associated with microvascular endothelial dysfunction. Although nitrate-rich beetroot juice (NR-BJ) consumption has been shown to improve endothelial function in clinical population, its effects in HIV-infected patients has not been addressed. We investigated the effect of a single dose of NR-BJ on muscle oxygen saturation parameters in response to a handgrip exercise in HIV-infected patients. Fifteen HIV-infected patients received NR-BJ or nitrate-depleted beetroot juice (ND-BJ) in a double-blind cross-over design. Near-IR spectroscopy was utilised to assess muscle oxygen saturation parameters during rhythmic handgrip exercise after NR-BJ or ND-BJ supplementation. A significant faster muscle oxygen desaturation rate during exercise (-7·97 (sd 5·00) v. -5·45 (3·94) %/s, P = 0·005) and muscle oxygen resaturation rate during exercise recovery (0·43 (0·24) v. 0·28 (0·24) %/s, P = 0·030) after NR-BJ ingestion was found. However, no significant difference in exercise time until fatigue was observed. Salivary nitrite and urinary nitrate concentration were analysed after NR-BJ or ND-BJ. A significant increase in salivary nitrite and urinary nitrate in NR-BJ was observed compared with ND-BJ (P < 0·05). Our findings suggest that NR-BJ consumption may acutely improve muscle oxygen saturation during exercise and exercise recovery in HIV-infected patients undergoing HAART and who are expected to present microvascular damage. Thus, future studies investigating the chronic effects of NR-BJ are warranted to delineate a better nutritional strategy based on nitrate-rich foods.
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79
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Delgado-Deida Y, Alula KM, Theiss AL. The influence of mitochondrial-directed regulation of Wnt signaling on tumorigenesis. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2020; 8:215-223. [PMID: 32665853 PMCID: PMC7333924 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that play a key role in integrating cellular signaling. Mitochondrial alterations are evident in all stages of tumorigenesis and targeting mitochondrial pathways has emerged as an anticancer therapeutic strategy. The Wnt-signaling pathway regulates many fundamental cellular functions such as proliferation, survival, migration, stem-cell maintenance, and mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics. Emerging evidence demonstrates that mitochondrial-induced regulation of Wnt signaling provides an additional mechanism to influence cell-fate decisions. Crosstalk between mitochondria and Wnt signaling presents a feedforward loop in which Wnt activation regulates mitochondrial function that, in turn, drives Wnt signaling. In this mini-review, we will discuss the recent evidence revealing the mitochondrial control of Wnt signaling and its implications for tumorigenesis and anticancer therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaritza Delgado-Deida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kibrom M Alula
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Arianne L Theiss
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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80
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Ikram M, Ullah R, Khan A, Kim MO. Ongoing Research on the Role of Gintonin in the Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061464. [PMID: 32549286 PMCID: PMC7349707 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, namely Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), are increasingly major health concerns due to the increasingly aged population worldwide. These conditions often share the same underlying pathological mechanisms, including elevated oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and the aggregation of proteins. Several studies have highlighted the potential to diminish the clinical outcomes of these disorders via the administration of herbal compounds, among which gintonin, a derivative of ginseng, has shown promising results. Gintonin is a noncarbohydrate/saponin that has been characterized as a lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPA Receptor) ligand. Gintonin may cause a significant elevation in calcium levels [Ca2+]i intracellularly, which promotes calcium-mediated cellular effects via the modulation of ion channels and cell surface receptors, regulating the inflammatory effects. Years of research have suggested that gintonin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against different models of neurodegeneration, and these effects may be employed to tackle the neurological changes. Therefore, we collected the main scientific findings and comprehensively presented them, covering preparation, absorption, and receptor-mediated functions, including effects against Alzheimer’s disease models, Parkinson’s disease models, anxiety and depression-like models, and other neurological disorders, aiming to provide some insights for the possible usage of gintonin in the management of neurodegenerative conditions.
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81
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Efficacy of dietary odd-chain saturated fatty acid pentadecanoic acid parallels broad associated health benefits in humans: could it be essential? Sci Rep 2020; 10:8161. [PMID: 32424181 PMCID: PMC7235264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary odd-chain saturated fatty acids (OCFAs) are present in trace levels in dairy fat and some fish and plants. Higher circulating concentrations of OCFAs, pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), are associated with lower risks of cardiometabolic diseases, and higher dietary intake of OCFAs is associated with lower mortality. Population-wide circulating OCFA levels, however, have been declining over recent years. Here, we show C15:0 as an active dietary fatty acid that attenuates inflammation, anemia, dyslipidemia, and fibrosis in vivo, potentially by binding to key metabolic regulators and repairing mitochondrial function. This is the first demonstration of C15:0's direct role in attenuating multiple comorbidities using relevant physiological mechanisms at established circulating concentrations. Pairing our findings with evidence that (1) C15:0 is not readily made endogenously, (2) lower C15:0 dietary intake and blood concentrations are associated with higher mortality and a poorer physiological state, and (3) C15:0 has demonstrated activities and efficacy that parallel associated health benefits in humans, we propose C15:0 as a potential essential fatty acid. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential impact of decades of reduced intake of OCFA-containing foods as contributors to C15:0 deficiencies and susceptibilities to chronic disease.
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82
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Ebaid D, Crewther SG. Time for a Systems Biological Approach to Cognitive Aging?-A Critical Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:114. [PMID: 32477097 PMCID: PMC7236912 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying premise of current theories of cognitive decline with age tend to be primarily cognitive or biological explanations, with relatively few theories adequately integrating both aspects. Though literature has also emphasized the importance of several factors that contribute to cognitive aging including: (a) decline in sensory abilities; (b) the effect of motor speed on paper-pencil measures of cognitive speed; (c) the impact of level of education and physical activity; and (d) molecular biological changes that occur with age, these factors have seldom been implicated into any single theoretical model of cognitive aging. Indeed, such an integrated bio-cognitive model of aging has the potential to provide a more comprehensive understanding of attention, perception, learning, and memory across the lifespan. Thus, the aim of this review was to critically evaluate common theories of age-related cognitive decline and highlight the need for a more comprehensive systems neuroscience approach to cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Ebaid
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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83
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Gyllenhammer LE, Entringer S, Buss C, Wadhwa PD. Developmental programming of mitochondrial biology: a conceptual framework and review. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192713. [PMID: 32345161 PMCID: PMC7282904 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of developmental programming of health and disease has focused primarily on processes that are specific to cell types, organs and phenotypes of interest. However, the observation that exposure to suboptimal or adverse developmental conditions concomitantly influences a broad range of phenotypes suggests that these exposures may additionally exert effects through cellular mechanisms that are common, or shared, across these different cell and tissue types. It is in this context that we focus on cellular bioenergetics and propose that mitochondria, bioenergetic and signalling organelles, may represent a key cellular target underlying developmental programming. In this review, we discuss empirical findings in animals and humans that suggest that key structural and functional features of mitochondrial biology exhibit developmental plasticity, and are influenced by the same physiological pathways that are implicated in susceptibility for complex, common age-related disorders, and that these targets of mitochondrial developmental programming exhibit long-term temporal stability. We conclude by articulating current knowledge gaps and propose future research directions to bridge these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Gyllenhammer
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Buss
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Development, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behaviour, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of California, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
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84
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Sadik NAH, El-Boghdady NA, Omar NN, Al-Hamid HA. Esculetin and idebenone ameliorate galactose-induced cataract in a rat model. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13230. [PMID: 32301145 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cataract is the principal cause of blindness. The enzyme, aldose reductase (AR) is a key player in polyol pathway. Buildup of polyols and oxidative stress are the main causes of cataractogenesis. This study investigated the cytoprotective properties of esculetin and idebenone in galactose-induced cataract. Rats were partitioned into four groups each of ten rats. Control group was fed with normal diet; group 2 rats were fed with galactose diet (50%); groups 3, 4 rats were fed with galactose diet concurrently with either esculetin (50 mg/kg BW) or idebenone (100 mg/kg BW), for 20 days. The study revealed that esculetin and idebenone significantly reduced the elevated levels of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, malondialdehyde, and DNA fragmentation and increased total antioxidant capacity level in lenses compared to the cataract-induced group. Only esculetin decreased AR, galactitol, and advanced glycated end products levels in lenses. Histopathological examinations supported the biochemical findings. Esculetin and idebenone may have chemopreventive effects for sugar cataract. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Cataract is an age-related disease that might cause blindness in older adult people. Presently, no absolute pharmacological treatment is accessible for cataract. The use of natural products or their derivatives attract particular attention in modern medicines as they are believed to be safer with few or no side effects. Esculetin is a polyphenolic compound found in many medicinal plants. Idebenone is a synthetic analogue of coenzyme Q10. The current study is an approach to explore the anticataract effects of esculetin and idebenone in galactose-induced cataract in rats. Our study proved that both agents have anticataractogenic potentials due to their antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nesreen Nabil Omar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hager Abd Al-Hamid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
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85
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Kudryashova KS, Burka K, Kulaga AY, Vorobyeva NS, Kennedy BK. Aging Biomarkers: From Functional Tests to Multi‐Omics Approaches. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1900408. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ksenia Burka
- Centaura AG Bleicherweg 10 Zurich 8002 Switzerland
| | - Anton Y. Kulaga
- Centaura AG Bleicherweg 10 Zurich 8002 Switzerland
- Systems Biology of Aging GroupInstitute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy Splaiul Independentei 296 Bucharest 060031 Romania
| | | | - Brian K. Kennedy
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore 8 Medical Drive, MD7, 117596 Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS)Agency for Science and Technology (A*STAR)Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine 30 Medical Drive Singapore 117609 Singapore
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Blvd. Novato CA 94945‐1400 USA
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86
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Puzzi L, Borin D, Gurha P, Lombardi R, Martinelli V, Weiss M, Andolfi L, Lazzarino M, Mestroni L, Marian AJ, Sbaizero O. Knock Down of Plakophillin 2 Dysregulates Adhesion Pathway through Upregulation of miR200b and Alters the Mechanical Properties in Cardiac Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121639. [PMID: 31847412 PMCID: PMC6952926 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mutations in genes encoding intercalated disk/desmosome proteins, such as plakophilin 2 (PKP2), cause arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Desmosomes are responsible for myocyte–myocyte attachment and maintaining mechanical integrity of the myocardium. Methods: We knocked down Pkp2 in HL-1 mouse atrial cardiomyocytes (HL-1Pkp2-shRNA) and characterized their biomechanical properties. Gene expression was analyzed by RNA-Sequencing, microarray, and qPCR. Immunofluorescence was used to detect changes in cytoskeleton and focal adhesion. Antagomirs were used to knock down expression of selected microRNA (miR) in the rescue experiments. Results: Knockdown of Pkp2 was associated with decreased cardiomyocyte stiffness and work of detachment, and increased plasticity index. Altered mechanical properties were associated with impaired actin cytoskeleton in HL-1Pkp2-shRNA cells. Analysis of differentially expressed genes identified focal adhesion and actin cytoskeleton amongst the most dysregulated pathways, and miR200 family (a, b, and 429) as the most upregulated miRs in HL-1Pkp2-shRNA cells. Knockdown of miR-200b but not miR-200a, miR-429, by sequence-specific shRNAs partially rescued integrin-α1 (Itga1) levels, actin organization, cell adhesion (on collagen), and stiffness. Conclusions: PKP2 deficiency alters cardiomyocytes adhesion through a mechanism that involves upregulation of miR-200b and suppression of Itga1 expression. These findings provide new insights into the molecular basis of altered mechanosensing in ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Puzzi
- Engineering and Architecture Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniele Borin
- Engineering and Architecture Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Priyatansh Gurha
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Centre and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.G.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Raffaella Lombardi
- Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Valentina Martinelli
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Marek Weiss
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Laura Andolfi
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (L.A.); (M.L.)
| | - Marco Lazzarino
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (L.A.); (M.L.)
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Ali J. Marian
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Centre and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.G.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Orfeo Sbaizero
- Engineering and Architecture Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (L.P.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-040-558-3770
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87
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Starikovskaya E, Shalaurova S, Dryomov S, Nazhmidenova A, Volodko N, Bychkov I, Mazunin I, Sukernik R. Mitochondrial DNA Variation of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy in Western Siberia. Cells 2019; 8:E1574. [PMID: 31817256 PMCID: PMC6953113 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our data first represent the variety of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) mutations in Western Siberia. LHON is a disorder caused by pathogenic mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), inherited maternally and presents mainly in young adults, predominantly males. Clinically, LHON manifests itself as painless central vision loss, resulting in early onset of disability. The epidemiology of LHON has not been fully investigated yet. In this study, we report 44 genetically unrelated families with LHON manifestation. We performed whole mtDNA genome sequencing and provided genealogical and molecular genetic data on mutations and haplogroup background of LHON patients. Known "primary" pathogenic mtDNA mutations (MITOMAP) were found in 32 families: m.11778G>A represents 53.10% (17/32), m.3460G>A-21.90% (7/32), m.14484T>C-18.75% (6/32), and rare m.10663T>C and m.3635G>A represent 6.25% (2/32). We describe potentially pathogenic m.4659G>A in one subject without known pathogenic mutations, and potentially pathogenic m.6261G>A, m.8412T>C, m.8551T>C, m.9444C>T, m.9921G>A, and m.15077G>A in families with known pathogenic mutations confirmed. We suppose these mutations could contribute to the pathogenesis of optic neuropathy development. Our results indicate that haplogroup affiliation and mutational spectrum of the Western Siberian LHON cohort substantially deviate from those of European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Starikovskaya
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SBRAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia (S.D.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
| | - Sofia Shalaurova
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SBRAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia (S.D.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
| | - Stanislav Dryomov
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SBRAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia (S.D.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
| | - Azhar Nazhmidenova
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SBRAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia (S.D.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
| | - Natalia Volodko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Igor Bychkov
- Novosibirsk Branch of S.N. Fedorov NMRC “MNTK Eye Microsurgery”, Moscow 127486, Russia
| | - Ilia Mazunin
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo 121205, Russia
| | - Rem Sukernik
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SBRAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia (S.D.); (A.N.); (R.S.)
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88
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Wang JL, Xu CJ. Astrocytes autophagy in aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 122:109691. [PMID: 31786465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes can serve multiple functions in maintaining cellular homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS), and normal functions for autophagy in astrocytes is considered to have very vital roles in the pathogenesis of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Autophagy is a major intracellular lysosomal (or its yeast analog, vacuolar) clearance pathways involved in the degradation and recycling of long-lived proteins, oxidatively damaged proteins and dysfunctional organelles by lysosomes. Current evidence has shown that autophagy might influence inflammation, oxidative stress, aging and function of astrocytes. Although the interrelation between autophagy and inflammation, oxidative stress, aging or neurological disorders have been addressed in detail, the influence of astrocytes mediated-autophagy in aging and neurodegenerative disorders has yet to be fully reviewed. In this review, we will summarize the most up-to-date findings and highlight the role of autophagy in astrocytes and link autophagy of astrocytes to aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to the prominent roles of astrocytic autophagy in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, we believe that we can provide new suggestions for the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ling Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital 1 of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China.
| | - Chao-Jin Xu
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Cha Shan University Town, No.1 Central North Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China.
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89
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The Overcrowded Crossroads: Mitochondria, Alpha-Synuclein, and the Endo-Lysosomal System Interaction in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215312. [PMID: 31731450 PMCID: PMC6862467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, mainly affecting the elderly. The disease progresses gradually, with core motor presentations and a multitude of non-motor manifestations. There are two neuropathological hallmarks of PD, the dopaminergic neuronal loss and the alpha-synuclein-containing Lewy body inclusions in the substantia nigra. While the exact pathomechanisms of PD remain unclear, genetic investigations have revealed evidence of the involvement of mitochondrial function, alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation, and the endo-lysosomal system, in disease pathogenesis. Due to the high energy demand of dopaminergic neurons, mitochondria are of special importance acting as the cellular powerhouse. Mitochondrial dynamic fusion and fission, and autophagy quality control keep the mitochondrial network in a healthy state. Should defects of the organelle occur, a variety of reactions would ensue at the cellular level, including disrupted mitochondrial respiratory network and perturbed calcium homeostasis, possibly resulting in cellular death. Meanwhile, α-syn is a presynaptic protein that helps regulate synaptic vesicle transportation and endocytosis. Its misfolding into oligomeric sheets and fibrillation is toxic to the mitochondria and neurons. Increased cellular oxidative stress leads to α-syn accumulation, causing mitochondrial dysfunction. The proteasome and endo-lysosomal systems function to regulate damage and unwanted waste management within the cell while facilitating the quality control of mitochondria and α-syn. This review will analyze the biological functions and interactions between mitochondria, α-syn, and the endo-lysosomal system in the pathogenesis of PD.
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