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Development of a small intestinal simulator to assess the intestinal mixing and transit as affected by digesta viscosity. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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52
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Postprandial Glycemic Response to Whole Fruit versus Blended Fruit in Healthy, Young Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214565. [PMID: 36364827 PMCID: PMC9657402 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While increased intake of dietary fiber is known to reduce postprandial glycemic response, it is less understood whether the disruption of dietary fiber, in a blender, alters the postprandial glycemic response. We compared the postprandial glycemic response in 20 young, healthy college students (12 female, 8 male) after consuming whole fruit vs. blended fruit. The fruit included gala apple, with the seeds removed, and blackberries. We used a repeated measures two-way ANOVA with fruit treatment as the within-subject variable, sex as the between-subjects factor, and glucose maximum, glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC), and 60 min glucose as dependent variables. Glucose maximum and glucose iAUC were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in blended fruit compared to whole fruit and 60 min glucose was marginally significantly lower (p = 0.057) in blended fruit compared to whole fruit. Sex was not a significant main effect and sex*treatment was not a significant interaction for any of the dependent variables. We hypothesize that a reduced glycemic response in blended apple and blackberries compared to whole apple and blackberries might be associated with the release of dietary fiber and nutritive components from ground blackberry seeds.
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Moreno AA, Parker VJ, Winston JA, Rudinsky AJ. Dietary fiber aids in the management of canine and feline gastrointestinal disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:S33-S45. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.08.0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dietary fiber describes a diverse assortment of nondigestible carbohydrates that play a vital role in the health of animals and maintenance of gastrointestinal tract homeostasis. The main roles dietary fiber play in the gastrointestinal tract include physically altering the digesta, modulating appetite and satiety, regulating digestion, and acting as a microbial energy source through fermentation. These functions can have widespread systemic effects. Fiber is a vital component of nearly all commercial canine and feline diets. Key features of fiber types, such as fermentability, solubility, and viscosity, have been shown to have clinical implications as well as health benefits in dogs and cats. Practitioners should know how to evaluate a diet for fiber content and the current knowledge on fiber supplementation as it relates to common enteropathies including acute diarrhea, chronic diarrhea, constipation, and hairball management. Understanding the fundamentals of dietary fiber allows the practicing clinician to use fiber optimally as a management modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. Moreno
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Valerie J. Parker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jenessa A. Winston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Adam J. Rudinsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Polyphenol-Rich Leaf of Annona squamosa Stimulates Insulin Release from BRIN-BD11 Cells and Isolated Mouse Islets, Reduces (CH2O)n Digestion and Absorption, and Improves Glucose Tolerance and GLP-1 (7-36) Levels in High-Fat-Fed Rats. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100995. [PMID: 36295897 PMCID: PMC9609604 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Annona squamosa, commonly known as custard apple, is traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and gastritis. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of an ethanolic (80% v/v) extract of A. squamosa (EEAS) leaves in vitro on insulin secretion from clonal pancreatic BRIN BD11 β-cells and mouse islets, including mechanistic studies on the effect of EEAS on membrane potential and intracellular calcium ion concentration. Additional in vitro glucose-lowering actions were assessed. For in vivo studies, high-fat-fed (HFF) obese/normal rats were selected. EEAS increased insulin secretion in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was linked to β-cell membrane depolarisation and cytoplasmic Ca2+ influx. In the presence of isobutyl methylxanthine (IBMX), tolbutamide, or KCl, the insulin-releasing effect of EEAS was increased, suggesting its effect was also mediated via a KATP-independent pathways. EEAS inhibited insulin glycation, glucose absorption, and DPP-IV enzyme activity in vitro and enhanced glucose uptake and insulin action in 3T3L1 cells. In vivo, gut motility, food intake, glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, and active GLP-1 (7-36) levels were improved, whereas plasma DPP-IV levels were reduced in HFF rats. EEAS attenuated the absorption of sucrose and glucose as well as decreased serum glucose levels after sucrose loading and in situ intestinal perfusion in non-diabetic rats. Rutin, proanthocyanidin, and squafosacin G were putatively identified as the anti-hyperglycaemic phytomolecules in EEAS using HPLC followed by LC-MS analysis. This study illustrates the potential of A. squamosa and its phytoconstituents as a source of potential antidiabetic agents.
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Fu L, Zhang G, Qian S, Zhang Q, Tan M. Associations between dietary fiber intake and cardiovascular risk factors: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:972399. [PMID: 36172520 PMCID: PMC9511151 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.972399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several meta-analyses have revealed the beneficial effects of dietary fiber intake on human health, some have reported inconsistent findings. The purpose of this work was to perform an umbrella meta-analysis to evaluate the relevant evidence and elucidate the effect of dietary fiber intake on glycemic control, lipid profiles, systematic inflammation, and blood pressure. Eligible studies were searched in several electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, up to March 2022. A total of 52 meta-analyses involving 47,197 subjects were identified to assess the pooled effect size. Overall, higher dietary fiber intake was significantly associated with reductions in parameters involving glycemic control, including fasting plasma glucose (ES = -0.55, 95% CI: -0.73, -0.38, P < 0.001), fasting plasma insulin (ES = -1.22, 95% CI: -1.63, -0.82, P < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (ES = -0.43, 95% CI: -0.60, -0.27, P < 0.001), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (ES = -0.38, 95% CI: -0.50, -0.26, P < 0.001). In terms of lipid profiles, higher dietary fiber intake was associated with significant reductions in the serum level of total cholesterol (ES = -0.28, 95% CI: -0.39, -0.16, P < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ES = -0.25, 95% CI: -0.34, -0.16, P < 0.001), but not triglycerides (ES = -0.001, 95% CI: -0.006, 0.004, P = 0.759) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ES = -0.002, 95% CI: -0.004, 0.000, P = 0.087). Higher dietary fiber intake was also significantly associated with improved tumor necrosis factor-alpha serum levels (ES = -0.78, 95% CI: -1.39, -0.16, P = 0.013), while no significant effect was observed for C-reactive protein (ES = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.33, 0.05, P = 0.156). Finally, blood pressure was also significantly improved following higher dietary fiber intake (systolic blood pressure: ES = -1.72, 95% CI: -2.13, -1.30, P < 0.001; diastolic blood pressure: ES = -0.67, 95% CI: -0.96, -0.37, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the study population and type of dietary fiber could be partial sources of heterogeneity. In conclusion, the present umbrella meta-analysis provides evidence for the role of dietary fiber supplementation in the improvement of established cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mingming Tan
- Department of Quality Management, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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56
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Acute Flaxseed Intake Reduces Postprandial Glycemia in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183736. [PMID: 36145115 PMCID: PMC9503020 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Postprandial glycemic excursions are associated with impairment control of diabetes mellitus. Long-term consumption of flaxseed can lower blood glucose levels; however, its effects on the postprandial glycemic response remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of raw flaxseed consumption on the 2 h postprandial glycemic curve in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This was a randomized crossover clinical trial. Nineteen men with T2DM were randomly assigned a standardized breakfast without (control) or with a previous intake of 15 g of ground raw golden flaxseed (flax). Glycemia was measured at fasting and postprandial at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. Palatability markers (visual appeal, smell, and pleasantness of taste) and taste intensity (sweetness, saltiness, bitterness, sourness, and creaminess) were evaluated. Results: The peak glucose rise and the 2 h AUC glycemic response reduced in the flax group by 17% (p = 0.001) and 24% (p < 0.001), respectively. The glucose peak time, palatability, and taste parameters did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions: Ingestion of 15 g of ground raw golden flaxseed before breakfast decreases the 2 h postprandial glycemic response in men with T2DM.
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Vetrani C, Piscitelli P, Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Laudisio D, Graziadio C, Marino F, Colao A. "Planeterranea": An attempt to broaden the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet worldwide. Front Nutr 2022; 9:973757. [PMID: 36118764 PMCID: PMC9480100 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.973757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) lead to a dramatic burden on morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diet is a modifiable risk factor for NCDs, with Mediterranean Diet (MD) being one of the most effective dietary strategies to reduce diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Nevertheless, MD transferability to non-Mediterranean is challenging and requires a shared path between the scientific community and stakeholders. Therefore, the UNESCO Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development is fostering a research project-"Planeterranea"-aiming to identify a healthy dietary pattern based on food products available in the different areas of the world with the nutritional properties of MD. This review aimed to collect information about eating habits and native crops in 5 macro-areas (North America, Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Australia). The information was used to develop specific "nutritional pyramids" based on the foods available in the macro-areas presenting the same nutritional properties and health benefits of MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Prisco Piscitelli
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development, ” University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development, ” University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Graziadio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Marino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la Cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair “Education for Health and Sustainable Development, ” University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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58
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Pasmans K, Meex RCR, van Loon LJC, Blaak EE. Nutritional strategies to attenuate postprandial glycemic response. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13486. [PMID: 35686720 PMCID: PMC9541715 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining good glycemic control to prevent complications is crucial in people with type 2 diabetes and in people with prediabetes and in the general population. Different strategies to improve glycemic control involve the prescription of blood glucose-lowering drugs and the modulation of physical activity and diet. Interestingly, lifestyle intervention may be more effective in lowering hyperglycemia than pharmaceutical intervention. Regulation of postprandial glycemia is complex, but specific nutritional strategies can be applied to attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia. These strategies include reducing total carbohydrate intake, consuming carbohydrates with a lower glycemic index, the addition of or substitution by sweeteners and fibers, using food compounds which delay or inhibit gastric emptying or carbohydrate digestion, and using food compounds which inhibit intestinal glucose absorption. Nevertheless, it must be noted that every individual may respond differently to certain nutritional interventions. Therefore, a personalized approach is of importance to choose the optimal nutritional strategy to improve postprandial glycemia for each individual, but this requires a better understanding of the mechanisms explaining the differential responses between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Pasmans
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth C R Meex
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Li Y, Kong F. Simulating human gastrointestinal motility in dynamic in vitro models. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3804-3833. [PMID: 35880687 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The application of dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) models has grown in popularity to understand the impact of food structure and composition on human health. Given that GI motility is integral to digestion and absorption, a predictive in vitro model should faithfully replicate the motility patterns and motor functions in vivo. In this review, typical characteristics of gastric and small intestinal motility in humans as well as the biomechanical and hydrodynamic events pertinent to gut motility are summarized. The simulation of GI motility in the presently existing dynamic in vitro models is discussed from an engineering perspective and categorized into hydraulic, piston/probe-driven, roller-driven, pneumatic, and other systems. Each system and its representative models are evaluated in terms of their motility patterns, the key hydrodynamic characteristics concerning gut motility, their performance in simulating the key physiological events, and their ability to establish in vitro-in vivo correlations. Practical Application: The review paper provided useful information in the design of dynamic GI models and the simulation of human gastric and small intestinal motility which are important for understanding food and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Fanbin Kong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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60
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Physical barrier effects of dietary fibers on lowering starch digestibility. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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61
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Zhang DY, Cheng DC, Cao YN, Su Y, Chen L, Liu WY, Yu YX, Xu XM. The effect of dietary fiber supplement on prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus in women with pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity: A randomized controlled trial. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:922015. [PMID: 36105207 PMCID: PMC9465204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.922015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of dietary fiber intake during pregnancy on the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women who are overweight/obese prior to pregnancy. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Shanghai General Hospital from June 2021 to March 2022. A total of 98 women who reported BMI≥24 kg/m2 prior to pregnancy were recruited before their 20th gestational week, and randomly (simple random allocation) assigned to the fiber supplement group (12 g of dietary fiber power twice daily) and the control group (standard prenatal care) from 20 to 24+6 gestational weeks. Both groups received nutrition education and dietary advice during the study. GDM diagnosis was performed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 25–28 weeks’ gestation. Data are presented as means with SD, as medians with IQR, or as counts with percentages as appropriate. Comparisons were conducted using a t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and χ2 test, respectively. Results: The incidence of GDM was significantly reduced in the fiber supplement group compared with the control group: 8.3 vs. 24.0% (χ2 = 4.40, p = 0.036). At OGTT, the mean fasting plasma glucose in the fiber supplement group was significantly lower than before the intervention (4.57 ± 0.38 mmol/L vs. 4.41 ± 0.29 mmol/L, p < 0.01) but not in the control group (4.48 ± 0.42 mmol/L vs. 4.37 ± 0.58 mmol/L, p = 0.150). Compared with the control group, the TG and TG/HDL-C ratio levels in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (2.19 ± 0.54 mmol/L vs. 2.70 ± 0.82 mmol/L and 1.19 ± 0.49 vs.1.63 ± 0.63, respectively, all P<0.05). The body weight gain was significantly lower in the fiber supplement group than the control group (1.99 ± 1.09 kg vs. 2.53 ± 1.20kg, p = 0.022). None of the women randomized to the fiber supplement group experienced preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation) compared with 12.0% in the control group (p = 0.040). Excessive weight gain (total weight gain >11.5 kg for overweight, and >9.0 kg for obesity) occurred in 46.7% of women in the fiber supplement group compared with 68.0% in the control group (p = 0.035). There were no differences in other maternal and neonatal outcomes. Conclusion: Increased dietary fiber intake in pregnant women who were overweight/obese prior to pregnancy may reduce the risk of GDM, excessive weight gain, and preterm birth, but it did not improve blood lipids.
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Gout and Diet: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Management. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173525. [PMID: 36079783 PMCID: PMC9459802 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is well known as an inflammatory rheumatic disease presenting with arthritis and abnormal metabolism of uric acid. The recognition of diet-induced systemic metabolic pathways have provided new mechanistic insights and potential interventions on gout progression. However, the dietary recommendations for gouty patients generally focus on food categories, with few simultaneous considerations of nutritional factors and systemic metabolism. It is worthwhile to comprehensively review the mechanistic findings and potential interventions of diet-related nutrients against the development of gout, including purine metabolism, urate deposition, and gouty inflammation. Although piecemeal modifications of various nutrients often provide incomplete dietary recommendations, understanding the role of nutritional factors in gouty development can help patients choose their healthy diet based on personal preference and disease course. The combination of dietary management and medication may potentially achieve enhanced treatment effects, especially for severe patients. Therefore, the role of dietary and nutritional factors in the development of gout is systematically reviewed to propose dietary modification strategies for gout management by: (1) reducing nutritional risk factors against metabolic syndrome; (2) supplementing with beneficial nutrients to affect uric acid metabolism and gouty inflammation; and (3) considering nutritional modification combined with medication supplementation to decrease the frequency of gout flares.
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Cruz N, Flores M, Urquiaga I, Ávila F. Modulation of 1,2-Dicarbonyl Compounds in Postprandial Responses Mediated by Food Bioactive Components and Mediterranean Diet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081513. [PMID: 36009232 PMCID: PMC9405221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoxidative stress with the consequent generation of advanced glycation end products has been implied in the etiology of numerous non-communicable chronic diseases. During the postprandial state, the levels of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds can increase, depending on numerous factors, including characteristics of the subjects mainly related to glucose metabolism disorders and nutritional status, as well as properties related to the chemical composition of meals, including macronutrient composition and the presence of dietary bioactive molecules and macromolecules. In this review, we examine the chemical, biochemical, and physiological pathways that contribute to postprandial generation of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds. The modulation of postprandial 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds is discussed in terms of biochemical pathways regulating the levels of these compounds, as well as the effect of phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, and dietary patterns, such as Mediterranean and Western diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cruz
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Marcos Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Inés Urquiaga
- Center for Molecular Nutrition and Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
| | - Felipe Ávila
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Lircay, Talca 3460000, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-71-2418964
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Liu J, Tan Y, Cheng H, Zhang D, Feng W, Peng C. Functions of Gut Microbiota Metabolites, Current Status and Future Perspectives. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1106-1126. [PMID: 35855347 PMCID: PMC9286904 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota, a collection of microorganisms that live within gastrointestinal tract, provides crucial signaling metabolites for the physiological of hosts. In healthy state, gut microbiota metabolites are helpful for maintaining the basic functions of hosts, whereas disturbed production of these metabolites can lead to numerous diseases such as metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Although there are many reviews about the specific mechanisms of gut microbiota metabolites on specific diseases, there is no comprehensive summarization of the functions of these metabolites. In this Opinion, we discuss the knowledge of gut microbiota metabolites including the types of gut microbiota metabolites and their ways acting on targets. In addition, we summarize their physiological and pathologic functions in health and diseases, such as shaping the composition of gut microbiota and acting as nutrition. This paper can be helpful for understanding the roles of gut microbiota metabolites and thus provide guidance for developing suitable therapeutic strategies to combat microbial-driven diseases and improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Greene LK, Andriambeloson JB, Rasoanaivo HA, Yoder AD, Blanco MB. Variation in gut microbiome structure across the annual hibernation cycle in a wild primate. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6604834. [PMID: 35679092 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome can mediate host metabolism, including facilitating energy-saving strategies like hibernation. The dwarf lemurs of Madagascar (Cheirogaleus spp.) are the only obligate hibernators among primates. They also hibernate in the subtropics, and unlike temperate hibernators, fatten by converting fruit sugars to lipid deposits, torpor at relatively warm temperatures, and forage for a generalized diet after emergence. Despite these ecological differences, we might expect hibernation to shape the gut microbiome in similar ways across mammals. We, therefore, compare gut microbiome profiles, determined by amplicon sequencing of rectal swabs, in wild furry-eared dwarf lemurs (C. crossleyi) during fattening, hibernation, and after emergence. The dwarf lemurs exhibited reduced gut microbial diversity during fattening, intermediate diversity and increased community homogenization during hibernation, and greatest diversity after emergence. The Mycoplasma genus was enriched during fattening, whereas the Aerococcaceae and Actinomycetaceae families, and not Akkermansia, bloomed during hibernation. As expected, the dwarf lemurs showed seasonal reconfigurations of the gut microbiome; however, the patterns of microbial diversity diverged from temperate hibernators, and better resembled the shifts associated with dietary fruits and sugars in primates and model organisms. Our results thus highlight the potential for dwarf lemurs to probe microbiome-mediated metabolism in primates under contrasting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia K Greene
- The Duke Lemur Center, 3705 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27705, United States.,Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Jean-Basile Andriambeloson
- Department of Zoology and Animal Biodiversity, Faculty of Science, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Hoby A Rasoanaivo
- Department of Science and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Anne D Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - Marina B Blanco
- The Duke Lemur Center, 3705 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27705, United States.,Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States
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66
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Sundaresan S, Antoun J, Banan B, Adcock J, Johnson C, Claire B, Dixon K, Flynn J, Shibao CA, Abumrad N. Botulinum Injection Into the Proximal Intestinal Wall of Diet-Induced Obese Mice Leads to Weight Loss and Improves Glucose and Fat Tolerance. Diabetes 2022; 71:1424-1438. [PMID: 35476783 PMCID: PMC9490449 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin (available commercially as BOTOX) has been used successfully for treatment of several neuromuscular disorders, including blepharospasm, dystonia, spasticity, and cerebral palsy in children. Our data demonstrate that injection of Botox into the proximal intestinal wall of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice induces weight loss and reduces food intake. This was associated with amelioration of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and significant improvement of glucose tolerance without alteration of energy expenditure. We also observed accelerated gastrointestinal transit and significant reductions in glucose and lipid absorption, which may account, at least in part, for the observed weight loss and robust metabolic benefits, although possible systemic effects occurring as a consequence of central and/or peripheral signaling cannot be ignored. The observed metabolic benefits were found to be largely independent of weight loss, as demonstrated by pair-feeding experiments. Effects lasted ∼8 weeks, for as long as the half-life of Botox as reported in prior rodent studies. These results have valuable clinical implications. If the observed effects are translatable in humans, this approach could lay the foundation for therapeutic approaches geared toward robust and sustained weight loss, mimicking some of the benefits of bariatric operations without its cost and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinju Sundaresan
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL
- Corresponding author: Sinju Sundaresan,
| | - Joseph Antoun
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Babak Banan
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jamie Adcock
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Connor Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Brendan Claire
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kala Dixon
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Joyce Flynn
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Cyndya A. Shibao
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL
| | - Naji Abumrad
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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67
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Agu KC, Olubodun SO. Biochemical Studies on the Colorectal Tissues of Wistar Rats Treated with Methanol Leaf and Stem Bark Extracts of Annona muricata (Soursop). Niger J Physiol Sci 2022; 37:127-135. [PMID: 35947846 DOI: 10.54548/njps.v37i1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Annona muricata (AMC), is a tropical plant species of the Annonaceae family known for its medicinal uses in ameliorating and/or protecting several organs and tissues in the body. In this study we elucidated the influence of the methanol extracts of AMC leaf and stem bark on the biochemical and histological integrity of the colorectum. Different doses (100, 200, 400, 600, and 800mg of extract/kg body weight) of methanol extracts of the leaves and stembark were orally administered to adult male Wistar rats of average weight (100 - 150 g) for 28 days. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed and colorectal tissues harvested for analyses. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPases), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities, and tissue protein (TP) concentration, were evaluated by colorimetric method using appropriate test kits. The results in the colorectal tissue analysed showed that total ATPase, LDH and G6PD (energy markers) activities increased significantly in the groups which received methanol leaf and stem bark extracts of AMC when compared with control. However, a general decrease was observed in TP and Na+/K+-ATPase activity but there was a twist in Na+/K+-ATPase activity in stem bark doses of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg which showed significant increases in dose dependent manner when compared with the control. Even though G6PD activity showed fluctuating patterns for both extracts, the highest dose (800mg/kg) reflected the most significant increase when compared with the control. The histology confirmed the toxicological results by the biochemical parameters. Under the condition of this study, we inferred that the methanol leaf and stem-bark extracts of AMC may significantly influence the enzymes by reducing and increasing total ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase activities depending on the doses and administration should therefore depend on the desired outcome.
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68
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Piper NBC, Whitfield EA, Stewart GD, Xu X, Furness SGB. Targeting appetite and satiety in diabetes and obesity, via G protein-coupled receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115115. [PMID: 35671790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and obesity have reached pandemic proportions throughout the world, so much so that the World Health Organisation coined the term "Globesity" to help encapsulate the magnitude of the problem. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly tractable drug targets due to their wide involvement in all aspects of physiology and pathophysiology, indeed, GPCRs are the targets of approximately 30% of the currently approved drugs. GPCRs are also broadly involved in key physiologies that underlie type 2 diabetes and obesity including feeding reward, appetite and satiety, regulation of blood glucose levels, energy homeostasis and adipose function. Despite this, only two GPCRs are the target of approved pharmaceuticals for treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. In this review we discuss the role of these, and select other candidate GPCRs, involved in various facets of type 2 diabetic or obese pathophysiology, how they might be targeted and the potential reasons why pharmaceuticals against these targets have not progressed to clinical use. Finally, we provide a perspective on the current development pipeline of anti-obesity drugs that target GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah B C Piper
- Receptor Transducer Coupling Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Emily A Whitfield
- Receptor Transducer Coupling Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Gregory D Stewart
- Drug Discovery Biology Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- Drug Discovery Biology Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Sebastian G B Furness
- Receptor Transducer Coupling Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Drug Discovery Biology Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Pharmacology Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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69
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Jardon KM, Canfora EE, Goossens GH, Blaak EE. Dietary macronutrients and the gut microbiome: a precision nutrition approach to improve cardiometabolic health. Gut 2022; 71:1214-1226. [PMID: 35135841 PMCID: PMC9120404 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiome is an important regulator of body weight, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammatory processes, and may thereby play a key role in the aetiology of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Interindividual responsiveness to specific dietary interventions may be partially determined by differences in baseline gut microbiota composition and functionality between individuals with distinct metabolic phenotypes. However, the relationship between an individual's diet, gut microbiome and host metabolic phenotype is multidirectional and complex, yielding a challenge for practical implementation of targeted dietary guidelines. In this review, we discuss the latest research describing interactions between dietary composition, the gut microbiome and host metabolism. Furthermore, we describe how this knowledge can be integrated to develop precision-based nutritional strategies to improve bodyweight control and metabolic health in humans. Specifically, we will address that (1) insight in the role of the baseline gut microbial and metabolic phenotype in dietary intervention response may provide leads for precision-based nutritional strategies; that (2) the balance between carbohydrate and protein fermentation by the gut microbiota, as well as the site of fermentation in the colon, seems important determinants of host metabolism; and that (3) 'big data', including multiple omics and advanced modelling, are of undeniable importance in predicting (non-)response to dietary interventions. Clearly, detailed metabolic and microbial phenotyping in humans is necessary to better understand the link between diet, the gut microbiome and host metabolism, which is required to develop targeted dietary strategies and guidelines for different subgroups of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Jardon
- Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands,TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuel E Canfora
- Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands .,TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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70
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Gonçalves GVR, Canova R, Callegari-Jacques SM, Frandoloso R, Kreutz LC, Fornari F. Short-term intestinal effects of water intake in fibre supplementation in healthy, low-habitual fibre consumers: a phase 2 clinical trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:841-849. [PMID: 35603590 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2079117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A randomised clinical trial was conducted on 20 healthy, low-habitual fibre consumers to assess the short-term effects of water intake (2 l/day) on fibre supplementation with wheat bran, pectin, and green banana flour. During the 14-days trial, fibre intake doubled in both fibre (n = 10) and fibre/water (n = 10) interventions (p < 0.001), whereas daily water intake increased from 538 to 1990 ml in the fibre/water group (p < 0.001). Weekly bowel movements increased similarly in both interventions (fibre: 6.8-8.8; fibre/water: 8.6-10; p < 0.01), while faecal weight (71-126 g; p = 0.009) increased in the fibre/water group. This group showed higher counts of faecal Bacteroides and Prevotella, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Bifidobacterium, whereas both interventions decreased the count of Desulfovibrio. Transient abdominal symptoms occurred less frequently in the fibre/water than in the fibre group (3 vs. 9 participants; p = 0.020). In healthy, low-habitual fibre consumers, short-term water intake helps the intestinal adaptation to fibre supplementation.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02838849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gissele V R Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação: Ciências em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Canova
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Sidia M Callegari-Jacques
- Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Frandoloso
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Kreutz
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Avançada, e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fornari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação: Ciências em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Brazil
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71
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The Influence of Obesity on Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2022; 2022:6396651. [PMID: 35591896 PMCID: PMC9112179 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6396651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Intestinal motility may be different in obese and nonobese patients, but this has not been determined. Here, we sought to evaluate the effect of obesity on small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE). Patients and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the cases of the 340 patients who underwent SBCE for small intestinal disease (excluding cases of unobservable total small bowel, small bowel stenosis, and bowel resection) at our hospital during the period January 2014 to December 2020 to extract patient background factors and the bowel transit times of SBCE according to the presence/absence of obesity (defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2). Results The obese group was 54 patients (nonobese, n = 286). The small bowel transit time (SBTT) was significantly shorter in the obese patients compared to the nonobese patients (p = 0.0026), and when we divided the patients by their short/long SBTTs using 216.5 min as the cutoff, we observed significant between-group differences in the patients' age (≥60 years) and in the patients' hospitalization status at the time of the SBCE examination. A multivariate analysis revealed that hospitalized status at the examination is a factor contributing significantly to a long SBTT (OR 0.25, 95% CI: 0.15–0.42, p < 0.0001). An analysis using the outpatient/inpatient conditions showed that obesity was an independent factor in the inpatient status at the SBCE examination with a significant short SBTT (OR 2.91, 95% CI: 1.06–7.97, p = 0.0380). Constipation at the examination was also a factor contributing to a long SBTT (OR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.07–0.99, p = 0.0493). Conclusion The SBTT of the SBCE was significantly shorter in the obese patients. This tendency was especially evident in the hospitalized state.
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72
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Agreement of telemetric temperature capsules ingested 48 hours apart. J Therm Biol 2022; 108:103271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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73
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Silva JSC, Seguro CS, Naves MMV. Gut microbiota and physical exercise in obesity and diabetes - A systematic review. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:863-877. [PMID: 35227549 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The gut microbiota (GM) plays an essential role in maintaining health, and imbalance in its composition is associated with the physiopathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diet and antibiotics are known modulators of GM, but the influence of physical exercise in modulating the diversity and abundance of hindgut bacteria is still poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the scientific evidence about the effect of physical exercise on GM modulation in subjects with obesity and T2DM. METHODS AND RESULTS A search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane and Embase databases using keywords related to gut microbiota, physical exercise and metabolic diseases was performed. Eight clinical studies met the inclusion criteria, six in subjects with obesity and two in individuals with T2DM. In three studies carried out in individuals with obesity, exercise was able to positively modulate the diversity of GM and the abundance of some species of bacteria, mostly by increasing the Bifidobacteriaceae family, and the Bacteroides and Akkermansia genera, and by decreasing the Proteobacteria phylum. The studies in subjects with T2DM found that physical exercise may reduce metabolic endotoxemia markers. CONCLUSIONS Physical exercise may be a beneficial modulation strategy of GM composition in metabolic diseases, specifically aerobic exercises carried out for at least 6 weeks with moderate or high intensity. Nevertheless, well-designed clinical trials are needed to clarify the role of physical exercise on GM in subjects with obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S C Silva
- Scholl of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Camila S Seguro
- Scholl of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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74
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Dhaene S, Van Laar A, De Doncker M, De Beul E, Beerens K, Grootaert C, Caroen J, Van der Eycken J, Van Camp J, Desmet T. Sweet Biotechnology: Enzymatic Production and Digestibility Screening of Novel Kojibiose and Nigerose Analogues. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3502-3511. [PMID: 35266393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In view of the global pandemic of obesity and related metabolic diseases, there is an increased interest in alternative carbohydrates with promising physiochemical and health-related properties as a potential replacement for traditional sugars. However, our current knowledge is limited to only a small selection of carbohydrates, whereas the majority of alternative rare carbohydrates and especially their properties remain to be investigated. Unraveling their potential properties, like digestibility and glycemic content, could unlock their use in industrial applications. Here, we describe the enzymatic production and in vitro digestibility of three novel glycosides, namely, two kojibiose analogues (i.e., d-Glcp-α-1,2-d-Gal and d-Glcp-α-1,2-d-Rib) and one nigerose analogue (i.e., d-Glcp-α-1,3-l-Ara). These novel sugars were discovered after an intensive acceptor screening with a sucrose phosphorylase originating from Bifidobacterium adolescentis (BaSP). Optimization and upscaling of this process led to roughly 100 g of these disaccharides. Digestibility, absorption, and caloric potential were assessed using brush border enzymes of rat origin and human intestinal Caco-2 cells. The rare disaccharides showed a reduced digestibility and a limited impact on energy metabolism, which was structure-dependent and even more pronounced for the three novel disaccharides in comparison to their respective glucobioses, translating to a low-caloric potential for these novel rare disaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shari Dhaene
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amar Van Laar
- Department of Food technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc De Doncker
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emma De Beul
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Beerens
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Caroen
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic and Bio-Organic Synthesis (LOBOS), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Van der Eycken
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Laboratory for Organic and Bio-Organic Synthesis (LOBOS), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Desmet
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology (CSB), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
The interest in fermented food products has been increasing in recent years. Details about their microbial composition and the effects of their consumption on the human gut microbiome are of particular interest. However, evidence regarding their potential to increase gut microbial diversity, a measure likely associated with health, is lacking. To address this, we analyzed the microbial composition of commercially available fermented vegetables using 16S rRNA sequencing. We also conducted a pilot study to assess the feasibility of studying the effects of regular consumption of fermented vegetables on the gut microbiome. Six healthy male volunteers participated in a randomized crossover trial, with two two-week intervention phases. Volunteers consumed 150 g/d of either sauerkraut or a variety of six different commercially available fermented vegetables. This study is registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00014840). Lactobacillales was the dominant family in all fermented vegetables studied. However, the alpha diversity, richness and evenness of the microbiota differed substantially among the different products. The number of species per product varied between 20 and 95. After consumption of both sauerkraut and the selection of fermented vegetables, we observed a slight increase in alpha diversity. Specifically, the amount of the genus Prevotella decreased while the amount of Bacteroides increased after both interventions. However, these initial observations need to be confirmed in larger studies. This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of this type of research.
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76
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Camastra S, Palumbo M, Santini F. Nutrients handling after bariatric surgery, the role of gastrointestinal adaptation. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:449-461. [PMID: 33895917 PMCID: PMC8933374 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery determines a rearrangement of the gastrointestinal tract that influences nutrient handling and plays a role in the metabolic changes observed after surgery. Most of the changes depend on the accelerated gastric emptying observed in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and, to a lesser extent, in sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The rapid delivery of meal into the jejunum, particularly after RYGB, contributes to the prompt appearance of glucose in peripheral circulation. Glucose increase is the principal determinant of GLP-1 increase with the consequent stimulation of insulin secretion, the latter balanced by a paradoxical glucagon increase that stimulates EGP to prevent hypoglycaemia. Protein digestion and amino acid absorption appear accelerated after RYGB but not after SG. After RYGB, the adaptation of the gut to the new condition participates to the metabolic change. The intestinal transit is delayed, the gut microbioma is changed, the epithelium becomes hypertrophic and increases the expression of glucose transporter and of the number of cell secreting hormones. These changes are not observed after SG. After RYGB-less after SG-bile acids (BA) increase, influencing glucose metabolism probably modulating FXR and TGR5 with an effect on insulin sensitivity. Muscle, hepatic and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity improve, and the gut reinforces the recovery of IS by enhancing glucose uptake and through the effect of the BA. The intestinal changes observed after RYGB result in a light malabsorption of lipid but not of carbohydrate and protein. In conclusion, functional and morphological adaptations of the gut after RYGB and SG activate inter-organs cross-talk that modulates the metabolic changes observed after surgery.Level of evidence Level V, narrative literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Camastra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria Palumbo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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77
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Gangola MP, Ramadoss BR, Jaiswal S, Fabek H, Tulbek M, Anderson GH, Chibbar RN. Nutritional Composition and In Vitro Starch Digestibility of Crackers Supplemented with Faba Bean Whole Flour, Starch Concentrate, Protein Concentrate and Protein Isolate. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050645. [PMID: 35267277 PMCID: PMC8909546 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutritional quality of common wheat-based foods can be improved by adding flours from whole pulses or their carbohydrate and protein constituents. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a pulse with high protein concentration. In this study, prepared faba bean (FB) flours were added to wheat based baked crackers. Wheat cracker recipes were modified by substituting forty percent wheat flour with flours from whole faba bean, starch enriched flour (starch 60%), protein concentrate (protein 60%) or protein isolate (protein 90%). Baked crackers were ground into meal and analyzed for their macronutrient composition, starch characteristics and in vitro starch hydrolysis. Faba bean supplemented crackers had lower (p ≤ 0.001) total starch concentrations, but proportionally higher protein (16.8-43%), dietary fiber (6.7-12.1%), fat (4.8-7.1%) and resistant starch (3.2-6%) (p ≤ 0.001) than wheat crackers (protein: 16.2%, dietary fiber: 6.3%, fat: 4.2, resistant starch: 1.2%). The increased amylose, amylopectin B1- chain and fat concentration from faba bean flour and starch flour supplementation in cracker recipe contributed to increased resistant starch. Flours from whole faba bean, starch or protein fractions improved the nutritional properties and functional value of the wheat-based crackers. The analytical analysis describing protein, starch composition and structure and in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis advance understanding of factors that account for the in vivo benefits of faba bean flours added to crackers in human physiological functions as also previously shown for pasta. The findings can be used to guide development of improve nutritional quality of similar wheat-based food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Pratap Gangola
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (M.P.G.); (B.R.R.); (S.J.)
| | - Bharathi Raja Ramadoss
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (M.P.G.); (B.R.R.); (S.J.)
| | - Sarita Jaiswal
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (M.P.G.); (B.R.R.); (S.J.)
| | - Hrvoje Fabek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 5th Floor, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (H.F.); (G.H.A.)
| | - Mehmet Tulbek
- Saskatchewan Food Industry Development Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7M 5V1, Canada;
| | - Gerald Harvey Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 5th Floor, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (H.F.); (G.H.A.)
| | - Ravindra N. Chibbar
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, 51 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (M.P.G.); (B.R.R.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-306-966-4969
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Ding Z, Zhao Y, Liu J, Ge W, Xu X, Wang S, Zhang J. Dietary Succinoglycan Riclin Improves Glycemia Control in Mice with Type 2 Diabetes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1819-1829. [PMID: 35132858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Riclin is a typical succinoglycan produced by an agrobacterium isolate. Our previous investigation has revealed that oral riclin restores the islet function in type 1 diabetic mice. However, whether dietary riclin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unknown. Here, we found that dietary riclin (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (55 and 67%), improved insulin sensitivity, and decreased insulin resistance in high-fat-diet/streptozocin (HFD/STZ)-induced T2D. Riclin reduced the proportion of T helper 1 cell subsets in diabetic mice, alleviated pancreatic inflammation, and protected islet function. Moreover, dietary riclin enriched the diversity of gut microflora and restored the relative abundance of several bacterial genera in diabetes, including the strains of Clostridium, Parasutterella, Klebsiella, and Bacteroides. In db/db diabetic mice, riclin also improves glycemia control as observed in HFD/STZ-induced T2D mice. These data suggest that riclin has potential to be a functional food to treat T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ding
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Almeida PPD, Thomasi BBDM, Costa NDS, Valdetaro L, Pereira AD, Gomes ALT, Stockler-Pinto MB. Brazil Nut ( Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K) Retards Gastric Emptying and Modulates Enteric Glial Cells in a Dose-Dependent Manner. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2022; 41:157-165. [PMID: 33301378 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1852981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of food and nutrients in the regulation of enteric glial cell functions is unclear. Some foods influence enteric neurophysiology and can affect glial cell functions that include regulation of the intestinal barrier, gastric emptying, and colonic transit. Brazil nuts are the most abundant natural source of selenium, unsaturated fatty acids, fibers, and polyphenols. OBJECTIVE The study investigated the effects of a Brazil nut-enriched diet on enteric glial cells and gastrointestinal transit. METHODS Two-month-old male Wistar rats were randomized to a standard diet (control group, CG), standard diet containing 5% (wt/wt) Brazil nut (BN5), and standard diet containing 10% (wt/wt) Brazil nut (BN10) (n = 9 per group). After eight weeks, the animals underwent constipation and gastric emptying tests to assess motility. Evaluations of colonic immunofluorescence staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and myenteric ganglia area were performed. RESULTS The BN5 group showed increased weight gain while the BN10 group did not (p < 0.0001). The BN10 group showed higher gastric residue amounts compared to the other groups (p = 0.0008). The colon exhibited an increase in GFAP immunoreactivity in the BN5 group compared to that in the other groups (p = 0.0016), and the BN10 group presented minor immunoreactivity compared to the CG (p = 0.04). The BN10 group presented a minor ganglia area compared to the CG (p = 0.0155). CONCLUSION The Brazil nut-enriched diet modified the gastric residual, colonic GFAP immunoreactivity, and myenteric ganglia area after eight weeks in healthy male Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathalia da Silva Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luisa Valdetaro
- Postgraduate Program in Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline D'Avila Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Tavares Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Milena Barcza Stockler-Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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80
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Intestinal transit rhythm and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 48:220-226. [PMID: 35331495 PMCID: PMC8849827 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background & aims Social distancing may lead to changes in lifestyle, such as the reduction in physical exercise practice, dietary changes, weight alterations, as well as intestinal rhythm. Our study aimed to investigate the intestinal transit rhythm of adults during social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in association with sociodemographic variables, physical activity, nutritional status, frequency of food intake, and water intake. Methods Our cross-sectional study comprised an online questionnaire that was shared by the internet concerning demographic information (sex and age); physical activity; anthropometric data (reported weight and height); dietary habits information (food frequency of simple high-carbohydrates foods, whole food, and processed foods; water intake; intestinal transit rhythm). The survey was conducted from April and July 2020. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-square test (χ2) or Fisher's exact test, considering p < 0.05. Results During social distancing, 72.5% of the respondents presented an adequate intestinal transit rhythm, and 27.5% had inadequate intestinal transit rhythm (19.0% slow and 8.5% rapid intestinal transit rhythm). Intestinal transit rhythm differs between sex, with women presenting significantly higher odds for altered bowel rhythm, compared to men (OR (95% CI) = 2.324 (1.027–5.257); p = 0.043). Also, results showed that individuals who frequently ingest simple high carb foods have high prevalence of slow intestinal transit rhythm (63%, p = 0.032). Conclusion In this study, we found a higher prevalence of adequate intestinal transit during social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Women had significantly higher odds for altered bowel rhythm, compared to men. Frequent consumption of simple carbohydrates was associated with a higher prevalence of slow intestinal transit rhythm.
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81
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Adouni K, Júlio A, Santos-Buelga C, González-Paramás AM, Filipe P, Rijo P, Costa Lima SA, Reis S, Fernandes Â, Ferreira IC, Fernández-Ruiz V, Morales P, Flamini G, Achour L, Fonte P. Roots and rhizomes of wild Asparagus: Nutritional composition, bioactivity and nanoencapsulation of the most potent extract. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Parker J, O’Brien C, Hawrelak J, Gersh FL. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031336. [PMID: 35162359 PMCID: PMC8835454 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly recognized as a complex metabolic disorder that manifests in genetically susceptible women following a range of negative exposures to nutritional and environmental factors related to contemporary lifestyle. The hypothesis that PCOS phenotypes are derived from a mismatch between ancient genetic survival mechanisms and modern lifestyle practices is supported by a diversity of research findings. The proposed evolutionary model of the pathogenesis of PCOS incorporates evidence related to evolutionary theory, genetic studies, in utero developmental epigenetic programming, transgenerational inheritance, metabolic features including insulin resistance, obesity and the apparent paradox of lean phenotypes, reproductive effects and subfertility, the impact of the microbiome and dysbiosis, endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure, and the influence of lifestyle factors such as poor-quality diet and physical inactivity. Based on these premises, the diverse lines of research are synthesized into a composite evolutionary model of the pathogenesis of PCOS. It is hoped that this model will assist clinicians and patients to understand the importance of lifestyle interventions in the prevention and management of PCOS and provide a conceptual framework for future research. It is appreciated that this theory represents a synthesis of the current evidence and that it is expected to evolve and change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Parker
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire O’Brien
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce 2617, Australia;
| | - Jason Hawrelak
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia;
| | - Felice L. Gersh
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85004, USA;
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Li Y, Xia D, Chen J, Zhang X, Wang H, Huang L, Shen J, Wang S, Feng Y, He D, Wang J, Ye H, Zhu Y, Yang L, Wang W. Dietary fibers with different viscosity regulate lipid metabolism via ampk pathway: roles of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101742. [PMID: 35245807 PMCID: PMC8892021 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) improves gastrointestinal health and has important associations with the alleviation of intestinal diseases and metabolic syndrome. However, due to DFs complex characteristics, such as solubility, viscosity, and fermentability, the mechanism in these was not consistent. As an herbivore, the goose has a prominent digestive ability to DF. Therefore, we choose low, medium, and high viscosity DFs (respectively resistant starch-3 []RS], inulin [INU], and β–glucan [GLU]) as Magang goose diet treatment for 4 wk, to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of different viscosities DFs on the growth and development process of goose. In summary, three degrees of viscous DFs could decrease the mechanismic lipid level of geese by promoting acid-producing bacteria and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, therefore, activating AMPK pathway-related genes through the gut-liver axis. High viscous DF has a greater lipid-lowering effect on geese, while medium viscous DF has preferable intestinal mucosal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Animal Science, Guangdong Maoming Agriculture & Forestry Technical College, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Daiyang Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiufen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiajia Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shunxiang Wang
- Gold Coin Feedmill (Dong Guan) Co. Ltd, Dongguan 52300, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Gold Coin Feedmill (Dong Guan) Co. Ltd, Dongguan 52300, China
| | - Danyan He
- Gold Coin Feedmill (Dong Guan) Co. Ltd, Dongguan 52300, China
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- Guangdong Haida Group Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510535, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongwen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wence Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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84
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Jin Y, Wilde PJ, Hou Y, Wang Y, Han J, Liu W. An evolving view on food viscosity regulating gastric emptying. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5783-5799. [PMID: 34985365 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2024132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Viscosity is a property of most foods. The consumption of the high-viscosity food is associated with a variety of physiological responses, one of which is their ability to regulate gastric emptying and modulate postprandial glycemic response. Gastric emptying has been proven to be a key step affecting the digestion and absorption of food, whereas, the relationship between viscosity and gastric emptying is still far away from being understood. Here, we reviewed the factors that influence food viscosity and food viscosity changes during digestion. Besides, the effect of food viscosity on gastric emptying and food-viscosity-physiological response were highlighted. Finally, "quantitative relationship" of viscosity and gastric emptying was discussed. This review can contribute to the understanding that how food viscosity affects gastric emptying, and help for developing foods that could control satiety and manage body weight for the specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyi Jin
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peter J Wilde
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Yingying Hou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Han
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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Reister EJ, Mattes RD. No apparent effects of a viscous, superabsorbent hydrogel on appetite, energy intake, or fecal excretion in overweight adults. Physiol Behav 2022; 243:113643. [PMID: 34767836 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
As the obesity epidemic continues, there is a great need for safe and effective weight loss aids. A superabsorbent hydrogel device administered as a capsule demonstrates potential for weight loss, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. The present study's goal was to determine the mechanisms of action of the hydrogel through the investigation of its effects on appetitive sensations, eating behavior, energy intake, and fecal excretion of energy. Overweight and obese adults (n = 18) participated in a double-blind, randomized, crossover-design study in which they were provided all meals for a week in a supervised setting (i.e., controlled-feeding) and were required to either consume the hydrogel or a placebo with 16-oz of water 20 min before lunch and dinner. No differences in appetite (all, p > 0.05), total fecal nitrogen excretion (p = 0.74), total fecal fat excretion (p = 0.54), or total fecal energy excretion (p = 0.76) were identified when comparing the hydrogel to a placebo. Affect towards food (i.e., mood, emotions) was more positive in the hydrogel group compared with the placebo group. A subset of the controlled-feeding group (n = 10) then participated in another double-blind, randomized, crossover-design study in which they provided their own food for a week (i.e., free-feeding) and were required to either consume the hydrogel or a placebo with 16-oz of water 20 min before lunch and dinner. No differences in appetite (all, p > 0.05), energy intake (p = 0.95), diet quality (all, p > 0.05), or eating behavior (all, p > 0.05) were determined when comparing the hydrogel to the placebo. Future studies with greater statistical power should confirm these findings and investigate other potential mechanisms of action of the hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Reister
- Department of Nutrition Science, Ingestive Behavior Research Center, Purdue University, 700W State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2059, USA
| | - Richard D Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, Ingestive Behavior Research Center, Purdue University, 700W State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2059, USA.
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Role of Whole Grain Consumption in Glycaemic Control of Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010109. [PMID: 35010985 PMCID: PMC8746707 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Observational studies have indicated beneficial effects of whole grain consumption on human health. However, no evidence based on randomized controlled trials has been established. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of whole grain consumption in glycaemic control of diabetic patients. Methods: A comprehensive search in four databases (Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane library) was conducted to collect potential articles which measured the roles of whole grain consumption on glycaemic control up to October 2021. Results: A total of 16 eligible trials involving 1068 subjects were identified to evaluate the pooled effect. The overall results indicated that compared with the control group, whole grain intake presented a significantly reduced concentration in fast plasma glucose (WMD = −0.51 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.73, −0.28; I2 = 88.6%, p < 0.001), a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (WMD = −0.39 μU × mol/L2, 95% CI: −0.73, −0.04; I2 = 58.4%, p = 0.014), and glycosylated haemoglobin (WMD = −0.56%, 95% CI: −0.88, −0.25, I2 = 88.5%, p < 0.001), while no significant difference was observed in fast plasma insulin level between groups (SMD = −0.05, 95% CI: −0.25, 0.14; I2 = 40.7%, p = 0.120). In terms of incremental area under the curve (iAUC), data suggested that whole grain effected a significant decrease in Glucose-iAUC (WMD = −233.09 min × mmol/L, 95% CI: −451.62, −14.57; I2 = 96.1%, p < 0.001) and Insulin-iAUC (SMD = −4.80, 95% CI: −8.36, −1.23; I2 = 89.9%, p = 0.002), although only in a small number of studies. Of note, there is evidence for modest unexplained heterogeneity in the present meta-analysis. Conclusion: Whole grain consumption confers a beneficial effect on glucose metabolism in patients with diabetes. Regrettably, since relevant studies were scarce, we failed to provide confident evidence of whole grain consumption on acute effects including Glucose-iAUC and Insulin-iAUC, which should be addressed in further trials.
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Kongdang P, Dukaew N, Pruksakorn D, Koonrungsesomboon N. Biochemistry of Amaranthus polyphenols and their potential benefits on gut ecosystem: A comprehensive review of the literature. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114547. [PMID: 34425138 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Amaranthus is phytonutrients-rich plant distributed worldwide and has been recognized as having medicinal value in traditional use against several diseases and conditions. There are a large amount of research data on the polyphenol profiles of Amaranthus plants and their links with potential benefits against gastrointestinal disorders. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review article aims to provide a comprehensive review of Amaranthus phenolic compounds and their microbial metabolites, as well as the biological and/or pharmacological effects of those compounds/metabolites. METHODOLOGY The relevant information about the genus Amaranthus was collected from various sources and databases, including Google Scholar, Google Books, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and other internet sources. The World Flora Online (2021) database was used to verify the scientific names of the plants. RESULTS Comprehensive review of identified compounds in Amaranthus plants revealed the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and coumarins in each part of the plants. The biotransformation by gut microbiota enzymes prominently produces diverse bioactive metabolites that are potentially active than their precursors. Lines of the evidence support the beneficial roles of Amaranthus extracts in several gastrointestinal diseases, particularly with the polar extracts of several plant parts. Dietary fibers in Amaranthus plants also coordinate the alteration of gut microbiota-related metabolisms and may be beneficial to certain gastrointestinal disorders in particular, such as constipation. CONCLUSIONS Amaranthus plants are rich in polyphenols and dietary fibers. Several microbial metabolites are biologically active, so alteration of gut microbiota is largely linked to the metabolic feature of the plants. Based on the evidence available to date, several Amaranthus plants containing a combination of phytonutrients, particularly polyphenols and dietary fibers, may be a promising candidate that is of interest to be further developed for use in the treatment of certain gastrointestinal conditions/disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patiwat Kongdang
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Nahathai Dukaew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Dumnoensun Pruksakorn
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Nut Koonrungsesomboon
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research (MSTR) Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Govindarajan S, Babu SN, Vijayalakshmi MA, Manohar P, Noor A. Aloe vera carbohydrates regulate glucose metabolism through improved glycogen synthesis and downregulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis in diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114556. [PMID: 34438036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. is an ancient medicinal plant that belongs to the family Asphodelaceae. It has a rich source of bioactive constituents such as carbohydrates, polyphenols, peptides, sterols and tannins, etc. Aloe vera has multiple biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity etc. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study investigated the antidiabetic mechanism of Aloe vera carbohydrate fraction (AVCF) and aimed to provide insights into the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes in glucose homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antidiabetic effect of AVCF was evaluated using α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibition, glucose diffusion and glucose uptake assay. The in vitro AVCF effect on insulin secretion, cell proliferation and inflammatory markers were determined using streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress on RIN-m5F cells. Streptozotocin-induced male Wistar diabetic rats were treated for 21 days with AVCF (54 mg/kg bw). The in vivo AVCF effect was measured on fasting plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, hexokinase, glycogen synthase and glucose-6-phosphatase, levels in diabetic rats. Histopathological studies for organ-specific effects in the pancreas, liver and small intestine were also conducted. RESULTS AVCF-treated RIN-m5F cells significantly increased BrdU levels, with insulin secretion, and decreased TNF-α, IL-6 and nitric oxide levels. AVCF treated streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose, glucagon and glucose-6-phosphatase levels with a concomitant increase in insulin, hexokinase, and glycogen synthase levels and, glycogen content. These findings corroborate with the improved hepatic glycogen content in the PAS stained histological section of the liver of AVCF treated diabetic rats. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CF of Aloe vera improved glucose metabolism by activation of glycogenesis and down-regulation of gluconeogenesis thereby, maintaining glucose homeostasis. Hence, AVCF can be used as an alternative medicine in the alleviation of diabetes mellitus symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Poonkodi Manohar
- Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ayesha Noor
- Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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89
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Probiotic bacteria and plant-based matrices: An association with improved health-promoting features. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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90
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91
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Silva-Guillen YV, Almeida VV, Nuñez AJC, Schinckel AP, Thomaz MC. Effects of feeding diets containing increasing content of purified lignocellulose supplied by sugarcane bagasse to early-weaned pigs on growth performance and intestinal health. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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92
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Redondo-Puente M, Mateos R, Seguido MA, García-Cordero J, González S, Tarradas RM, Bravo-Clemente L, Sarriá B. Appetite and Satiety Effects of the Acute and Regular Consumption of Green Coffee Phenols and Green Coffee Phenol/Oat β-Glucan Nutraceuticals in Subjects with Overweight and Obesity. Foods 2021; 10:2511. [PMID: 34828792 PMCID: PMC8622553 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Green coffee has weight management properties, yet its effects on appetite and satiety remain unclear as few, mainly acute, studies perform objective measurements. Therefore, the influence on appetite/satiety of acute and regular consumption of two nutraceuticals, a decaffeinated green coffee phenolic extract (GC) alone or combined with oat β-glucans (GC/BG), with known satiating properties, has been analysed subjectively using visual analog scales (VAS) and objectively measuring actual food intake and postprandial appetite and satiety hormones. A randomised, cross-over, blind trial was carried out in 29 overweight volunteers who consumed GC or GC/BG twice a day for 8 weeks. After acute (day = 0) and regular consumption (day = 56) of the nutraceuticals, satiety was measured at 30, 60, 90, 150, and 210 min, as well as food intake at breakfast (30 min) and lunch (300 min). Additionally, in a subgroup of participants (n = 9), cholecystokinin, peptide-YY, glucagon-like-peptide-1, ghrelin and leptin concentrations were analysed in blood samples taken at the same time-points. According to VAS results, GC/BG reduced hunger more efficiently than GC. However, there were no statistically significant differences in food intake. Comparing the effects of the acute consumption of GC/BG and GC, leptin concentration at 150 min was higher after GC/BG intake vs. GC. Moreover, when comparing the effects of regularly consuming the two nutraceuticals, maximum ghrelin level decreased with GC/BG vs. GC. In conclusion, acute and regular effects of the nutraceuticals on appetite/satiety differed, and subjective and objective results partially agreed; GC/BG may reduce hunger more efficiently than GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Beatriz Sarriá
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.R.-P.); (R.M.); (M.A.S.); (J.G.-C.); (S.G.); (R.M.T.); (L.B.-C.)
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93
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Barrea L, Vetrani C, Caprio M, El Ghoch M, Frias-Toral E, Mehta RJ, Mendez V, Moriconi E, Paschou SA, Pazderska A, Savastano S, Colao A, Muscogiuri G. Nutritional management of type 2 diabetes in subjects with obesity: an international guideline for clinical practice. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2873-2885. [PMID: 34554038 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1980766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity represent a global public health problem. Current nutritional recommendations focused on weight loss and overall dietary quality. However, there is no consensus on the optimal macronutrient composition of the diet, particularly for the long-term management of T2DM in subjects with obesity. An international panel of experts reviewed and critically appraised the updated literature published on the topic. This review primarily examines the evidence for areas of consensus and uncertainty about nutritional therapy in patients with T2DM and obesity. The aim of this article is to provide nutritional advice to manage these patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Verna Mendez
- Endocrinology Department, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Eleonora Moriconi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stavroula A Paschou
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Agnieszka Pazderska
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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94
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Yu F, Wang Z, Zhang T, Chen X, Xu H, Wang F, Guo L, Chen M, Liu K, Wu B. Deficiency of intestinal Bmal1 prevents obesity induced by high-fat feeding. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5323. [PMID: 34493722 PMCID: PMC8423749 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of intestine clock in energy homeostasis remains elusive. Here we show that mice with Bmal1 specifically deleted in the intestine (Bmal1iKO mice) have a normal phenotype on a chow diet. However, on a high-fat diet (HFD), Bmal1iKO mice are protected against development of obesity and related abnormalities such as hyperlipidemia and fatty livers. These metabolic phenotypes are attributed to impaired lipid resynthesis in the intestine and reduced fat secretion. Consistently, wild-type mice fed a HFD during nighttime (with a lower BMAL1 expression) show alleviated obesity compared to mice fed ad libitum. Mechanistic studies uncover that BMAL1 transactivates the Dgat2 gene (encoding the triacylglycerol synthesis enzyme DGAT2) via direct binding to an E-box in the promoter, thereby promoting dietary fat absorption. Supporting these findings, intestinal deficiency of Rev-erbα, a known BMAL1 repressor, enhances dietary fat absorption and exacerbates HFD-induced obesity and comorbidities. Moreover, small-molecule targeting of REV-ERBα/BMAL1 by SR9009 ameliorates HFD-induced obesity in mice. Altogether, intestine clock functions as an accelerator in dietary fat absorption and targeting intestinal BMAL1 may be a promising approach for management of metabolic diseases induced by excess fat intake.
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MESH Headings
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/deficiency
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics
- Animals
- Circadian Rhythm/genetics
- Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase/genetics
- Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dietary Fats/administration & dosage
- Dietary Fats/metabolism
- Fatty Liver/etiology
- Fatty Liver/genetics
- Fatty Liver/metabolism
- Fatty Liver/prevention & control
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Homeostasis/drug effects
- Homeostasis/genetics
- Hyperlipidemias/etiology
- Hyperlipidemias/genetics
- Hyperlipidemias/metabolism
- Hyperlipidemias/prevention & control
- Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/prevention & control
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Pyrrolidines/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
- Triglycerides/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Yu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiman Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianxia Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaisheng Liu
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Baojian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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95
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Asnicar F, Leeming ER, Dimidi E, Mazidi M, Franks PW, Al Khatib H, Valdes AM, Davies R, Bakker E, Francis L, Chan A, Gibson R, Hadjigeorgiou G, Wolf J, Spector TD, Segata N, Berry SE. Blue poo: impact of gut transit time on the gut microbiome using a novel marker. Gut 2021; 70:1665-1674. [PMID: 33722860 PMCID: PMC8349893 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gut transit time is a key modulator of host-microbiome interactions, yet this is often overlooked, partly because reliable methods are typically expensive or burdensome. The aim of this single-arm, single-blinded intervention study is to assess (1) the relationship between gut transit time and the human gut microbiome, and (2) the utility of the 'blue dye' method as an inexpensive and scalable technique to measure transit time. METHODS We assessed interactions between the taxonomic and functional potential profiles of the gut microbiome (profiled via shotgun metagenomic sequencing), gut transit time (measured via the blue dye method), cardiometabolic health and diet in 863 healthy individuals from the PREDICT 1 study. RESULTS We found that gut microbiome taxonomic composition can accurately discriminate between gut transit time classes (0.82 area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) and longer gut transit time is linked with specific microbial species such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides spp and Alistipes spp (false discovery rate-adjusted p values <0.01). The blue dye measure of gut transit time had the strongest association with the gut microbiome over typical transit time proxies such as stool consistency and frequency. CONCLUSIONS Gut transit time, measured via the blue dye method, is a more informative marker of gut microbiome function than traditional measures of stool consistency and frequency. The blue dye method can be applied in large-scale epidemiological studies to advance diet-microbiome-health research. Clinical trial registry website https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03479866 and trial number NCT03479866.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Asnicar
- Department Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Emily R Leeming
- Twins Research and Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eirini Dimidi
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Twins Research and Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Haya Al Khatib
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, UK,Zoe Global, London, UK
| | - Ana M Valdes
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachel Gibson
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy
| | - Sarah E Berry
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, UK
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96
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Ofoedu CE, Iwouno JO, Ofoedu EO, Ogueke CC, Igwe VS, Agunwah IM, Ofoedum AF, Chacha JS, Muobike OP, Agunbiade AO, Njoku NE, Nwakaudu AA, Odimegwu NE, Ndukauba OE, Ogbonna CU, Naibaho J, Korus M, Okpala COR. Revisiting food-sourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs: a perspective review, from vitamin classification, metabolic functions, absorption, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11940. [PMID: 34557342 PMCID: PMC8418216 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant attention gained by food-sourced vitamins has provided insights into numerous current researches; for instance, the potential reversal of epigenetic age using a diet and lifestyle intervention, the balance between food and dietary supplements in the general population, the role of diet and food intake in age-related macular degeneration, and the association of dietary supplement use, nutrient intake and mortality among adults. As relevant literature about food-sourced vitamin increases, continuous synthesis is warranted. To supplement existing information, this perspective review discussed food-sourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs, scoping from vitamin absorption, metabolic functions, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements. Relevant literatures were identified through a search of databases like Google Scholar, Web of Science, the Interscience Online Library, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. We demonstrated that vitamins whether from plant- and animal-based sources are prerequisites for the metabolic functions of the human body. The fat- and water-soluble classification of vitamins remains consistent with their respective absorption and dissolution potentials, underpinned by numerous physiological functions. Vitamins, largely absorbed in the small intestine, have their bioavailability dependent on the food composition, its associated interactions, as well as alignment with their metabolic functions, which involves antioxidants, coenzymes, electron acceptor/donor, and hormones. Moreover, vitamin deficiencies, in every form, pose a serious threat to human health. Vitamin toxicities remain rare, but can still occur mainly from supplementation, although it appears much less in water-soluble vitamins of which some excesses get readily removed by the human body, different from the fat-soluble ones that are stored in tissues and organs. Besides discussions of absorption, transport, and cellular uptake of vitamins, this perspective review also included approaches to meeting vitamin requirements and therapeutic strategies against micronutrient deficiency and COVID-19. We have also attempted on how to strike the balance between food-sourced vitamins and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigozie E. Ofoedu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Jude O. Iwouno
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Ebelechukwu O. Ofoedu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Chika C. Ogueke
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Victory S. Igwe
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma M. Agunwah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Arinze F. Ofoedum
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - James S. Chacha
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition, and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Onyinye P. Muobike
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Adedoyin O. Agunbiade
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Njideka E. Njoku
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Angela A. Nwakaudu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Nkiru E. Odimegwu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Onyekachi E. Ndukauba
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuka U. Ogbonna
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun, Nigeria
| | - Joncer Naibaho
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Korus
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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97
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Nogal B, Blumberg JB, Blander G, Jorge M. Gut Microbiota-Informed Precision Nutrition in the Generally Healthy Individual: Are We There Yet? Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab107. [PMID: 34514287 PMCID: PMC8421235 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since next generation sequencing facilitated high-throughput and cost-efficient genomics analyses, the human gut metagenome has become an emerging frontier to explore toward precision nutrition. Significant progress has been made in identifying gut microbial features associated with a wide spectrum of human disease. However, other than a few microbiome-disease relations, there is a dearth of confirmed causal inferences, particularly in generally healthy populations. The relatively high unexplained variability in microbiome compositions in this group warrants caution in applying this complex biomarker toward precision nutrition, because our understanding of what constitutes a healthy microbiome is still rudimentary. Although gut microbiota harbor integrated environmental and host-specific information with the potential to facilitate personalized nutritional and lifestyle advice, these data cannot yet be confidently interpreted toward precise recommendations. Thus, nutritional advice for generally healthy individuals based on personal microbiome composition analysis might not yet be appropriate unless accompanied by established blood and physiological biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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98
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Schäfer AL, Eichhorst A, Hentze C, Kraemer AN, Amend A, Sprenger DTL, Fluhr C, Finzel S, Daniel C, Salzer U, Rizzi M, Voll RE, Chevalier N. Low Dietary Fiber Intake Links Development of Obesity and Lupus Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696810. [PMID: 34335609 PMCID: PMC8320762 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changed dietary habits in Western countries such as reduced fiber intake represent an important lifestyle factor contributing to the increase in inflammatory immune-mediated diseases. The mode of action of beneficial fiber effects is not fully elucidated, but short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and gut microbiota have been implicated. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of dietary fiber on lupus pathology and to understand underlying mechanisms. Here, we show that in lupus-prone NZB/WF1 mice low fiber intake deteriorates disease progression reflected in accelerated mortality, autoantibody production and immune dysregulation. In contrast to our original assumption, microbiota suppression by antibiotics or direct SCFA feeding did not influence the course of lupus-like disease. Mechanistically, our data rather indicate that in low fiber-fed mice, an increase in white adipose tissue mass, fat-inflammation and a disrupted intestinal homeostasis go along with systemic, low-grade inflammation driving autoimmunity. The links between obesity, intestinal leakage and low-grade inflammation were confirmed in human samples, while adaptive immune activation predominantly correlated with lupus activity. We further propose that an accelerated gastro-intestinal passage along with energy dilution underlies fiber-mediated weight regulation. Thus, our data highlight the often-overlooked effects of dietary fiber on energy homeostasis and obesity prevention. Further, they provide insight into how intricately the pathologies of inflammatory immune-mediated conditions, such as obesity and autoimmunity, might be interlinked, possibly sharing common pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Adiposity
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animal Feed
- Animals
- Autoantibodies/blood
- Autoimmunity
- Case-Control Studies
- Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage
- Dietary Fiber/deficiency
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Energy Metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/etiology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred NZB
- Middle Aged
- Nutritive Value
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/immunology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Permeability
- Young Adult
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Schäfer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Eichhorst
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Hentze
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antoine N. Kraemer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anaïs Amend
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dalina T. L. Sprenger
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cara Fluhr
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Finzel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard E. Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Chevalier
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Munekata PE, Pérez-Álvarez JÁ, Pateiro M, Viuda-Matos M, Fernández-López J, Lorenzo JM. Satiety from healthier and functional foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Diamond E, Hewlett K, Penumutchu S, Belenky A, Belenky P. Coffee Consumption Modulates Amoxicillin-Induced Dysbiosis in the Murine Gut Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:637282. [PMID: 34276581 PMCID: PMC8278525 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.637282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is essential for host health, and perturbations resulting from antibiotic use can lead to dysbiosis and disease. Diet can be a powerful modulator of microbiome composition and function, with the potential to mitigate the negative effects of antibiotic use. Thus, it is necessary to study the impacts of diet and drug interactions on the gut microbiome. Coffee is a commonly consumed beverage containing many compounds that have the potential to affect the microbiome, including caffeine, polyphenols, and fiber. We supplemented mice with caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee in conjunction with amoxicillin, and used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of fecal samples to investigate changes in diversity and composition of the murine fecal microbiome. We found that antibiotics, regardless of coffee supplementation, caused significant disruption to the murine fecal microbiome, enriching for Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Bacteroidetes, but reducing Firmicutes. While we found that coffee alone did not have a significant impact on the composition of the fecal microbiome, coffee supplementation did significantly affect relative abundance metrics in mice treated with amoxicillin. After caffeinated coffee supplementation, mice treated with amoxicillin showed a smaller increase in Proteobacteria, specifically of the family Burkholderiaceae. Correspondingly we found that in vitro, Burkholderia cepacia was highly resistant to amoxicillin, and that it was inhibited by concentrations of caffeine and caffeinated coffee comparable to levels of caffeine in murine ceca. Overall, this work shows that coffee, and possibly the caffeine component, can impact both the microbiome and microbiome members during antibiotic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Diamond
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Katharine Hewlett
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Swathi Penumutchu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Peter Belenky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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