951
|
Nair SN, Kumar H, Raveendran M, Menon VU. Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Cardiac Risk: Lessons from a South Indian Population Study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018; 22:217-222. [PMID: 29911035 PMCID: PMC5972478 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_298_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The benefits of treating subclinical hypothyroidism are currently under debate, prevention of adverse cardiac events purporting to be one of the main benefits. The effect of subclinical hypothyroidism on the cardiovascular health of the Indian sub-population is largely unknown. This study was designed to examine these effects and to help guide treatment of this disorder. METHODS A cross-sectional adult population survey was carried out in urban coastal area of central Kerala. 986 volunteers underwent complete biochemical and physical examinations, 110 were found to have subclinical hypothyroidism (8.9%). The ten-year risk of an adverse cardiac event, was calculated using the Framingham score algorithm. Eligible subclinical hypothyroid subjects (N = 110) and a randomly selected, age and gender matched control group (N = 220) were compared. RESULTS This population was found to have high baseline levels of diabetes 19.5%, hypercholesterolemia 57.2% and systolic hypertension 24.6%. No association was found between subclinical hypothyroid status or rising TSH and Framingham 10-year risk. While no difference between groups was noted with respect to lipid profile, a rising TSH was found to be significantly correlated with mild worsening of the lipid profile. A significant positive correlation was found between skinfold thickness and TSH. CONCLUSIONS Subclinical hypothyroidism is not a contributing factor to elevated Framingham risk in this population, and while a mild effect was observed on the lipid profile, its effect is unlikely to be clinically relevant. We hypothesize that in this population a genetic component may be responsible for the uniquely high rates of metabolic syndrome and other endocrine diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sashi Niranjan Nair
- Department of Endocrinology, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India
- Department of Endocrinology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Manoj Raveendran
- Department of Clinical Research, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - V. Usha Menon
- Department of Endocrinology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India
| |
Collapse
|
952
|
Determination of free thyroid hormones in animal serum/plasma using ultrafiltration in combination with ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1539:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
953
|
Sayari S, Molaei Z, Torabi Z. The relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and serum levels of uric acid and creatinine in children aged 2-14 years. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 23:38-42. [PMID: 29609448 PMCID: PMC5894565 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2018.23.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome that can lead to elevated levels of serum creatinine and uric acid by causing impaired renal function. Although many studies have been carried out on the relationship between overt hypothyroidism and renal function, few studies have been conducted on subclinical hypothyroidism and renal function, especially in pediatric patients. For this reason, we studied this issue in children, so as to provide a background for more useful research and future education. METHODS This case-control study was performed on 107 children aged 2-14 years, 56 children with subclinical hypothyroidism in the case group, and 51 healthy children in the control group presenting to Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan and private clinics of Zanjan city. Thyroid stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, creatinine, and uric acid were measured in both groups of children after obtaining the necessary criteria for entering the study. RESULTS Compared to the control group, subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism had higher levels of creatinine (P=0.003), while serum uric acid levels in subclinical hypothyroid children was not significantly different from those in the control group (P=0.200). CONCLUSIONS In subclinical hypothyroidism in children, creatinine was higher than in euthyroid patients, but uric acid was not different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Sayari
- Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Saba Sayari, MD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7929-128X Zanjan University of medical science, Mahdavi Blvd., Zanjan, Iran Tel: +98-2433440301-3 Fax: +98-2433449553 E-mail:
| | - Ziba Molaei
- Department of Pediatrics, Ayatollah Moussavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zohre Torabi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ayatollah Moussavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
954
|
Do TSH, FT3, and FT4 Impact BAT Visualization of Clinical FDG-PET/CT Images? CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:4898365. [PMID: 29666563 PMCID: PMC5831944 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4898365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective We retrospectively analyzed activated BAT visualization on FDG-PET/CT in patients with various conditions and TH levels to clarify the relationships between visualization of BAT on FDG-PET/CT and the effect of TH. Methods Patients who underwent clinical FDG-PET/CT were reviewed and we categorized patients into 5 groups: (i) thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) group; (ii) recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) group; (iii) hypothyroidism group; (iv) hyperthyroidism group; and (v) BAT group. A total of sixty-two FDG-PET/CT imaging studies in fifty-nine patients were performed. To compare each group, gender; age; body weight; serum TSH, FT3, and FT4 levels; and outside temperature were evaluated. Results No significant visualization of BAT was noted in any of the images in the THW, rhTSH, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism groups. All patients in the BAT group were in a euthyroid state. When the BAT-negative and BAT-positive patient groups were compared, it was noted that the minimum and maximum temperature on the day of the PET study and maximum temperature of the one day before the PET study were significantly lower in BAT-positive group than in all those of other groups. Conclusions Elevated TSH condition before RIT, hyperthyroidism, or hypothyroidism did not significantly impact BAT visualization of clinical FDG-PET/CT images.
Collapse
|
955
|
Ferlazzo A, Cravana C, Fazio E, Medica P. The contribution of total and free iodothyronines to welfare maintenance and management stress coping in Ruminants and Equines: Physiological ranges and reference values. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:134-143. [PMID: 29428703 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to acquire a pattern of thyroid involvement in welfare maintenance in Ruminants and Equines, this review summarizes data concerning the reference values of total and free iodothyronines and their modifications in physiological conditions and in different management conditions (pregnancy, lactation, weaning, growth, isolation, restraint, shearing, confinement and transportation). Thyroidal and extrathyroidal tissues efficiently respond to management practices, giving a differentiated contribution to circulating iodothyronine changes. The hormonal response could be mainly attributed to the intracellular deiodination of T4 to T3. Triiodothyronine (T3) and free iodothyronines (fT3 and fT4) result more responsive to management stress, showing different pattern with species and to various conditions, as to environmental conditions in which activities are performed. Intrinsic seasonal changes of iodothyronines and a significant pregnancy effect for T3 were recorded in mares. Higher, although not significant, T3 and T4 concentrations in barren than pregnant mares were observed in donkeys. A positive significant correlation between T3 and T4 was described only in pregnant donkeys. Moreover, a significant effect of season on T3 and fT3 changes was observed both in pregnant and barren donkeys. A significant lactating effect compared with nonlactating stage for T3 and T4 was recorded in mares. In growing foals, body weight (BW) and age were positively correlated with T3 and negatively correlated with T4, fT4 and fT3. Weaning effects were shown for T3 and fT4 concentrations, indicating that weaning represents a severe stress and the presence of conspecific does not reduce psychological stress in this phase. Lambs showed significant decreased T3 and elevated T4 concentrations two weeks after weaning, with higher concentrations in both males and females compared to 24 h. Significant positive correlations were observed between BW and T4, fT3 and fT4 concentrations in lambs. A T3 decrease was detected after isolation, such as induced by confinement and weaning in lambs. Higher T3 concentration after restraint and shearing than after isolation and significant increases in T4, fT3 and fT4 values after restraint and shearing were recorded. The basal concentrations of fT3 in both the inexperienced and experienced transported horses were significantly higher than in untransported experienced horses. Moreover, increases of T3, T4 and fT4 after short road transportation, and significant correlations between T3 and rectal temperature (RT), body weight (BW) and heart rate (HR), confirmed their important role in coping strategy. Thyroid responsiveness to short transport is similar in domestic donkeys and horses, with a preferential release of T3 in horses. A greatest and constant release of T3 and T4, although differentiated, after simulated transportation and after conventional transport of horses confirmed that the degree of stress induced by confinement and additional stressful stimuli associated to road transportation could differently influence the iodothyronine release. Temperamental Limousin young beef bulls showed lower T4 and fT4 concentrations after prolonged transportation than calm subjects, and a concomitant decrease of circulating ACTH, cortisol, T3 and fT3 concentrations, probably induced by down regulation of HPA axis and cortisol negative feedback. These data reinforce the importance of taking into account the evaluation of iodothyronines, and notably of T3, as markers of welfare and stress and their role in ensuring energy homeostasis and productive and reproductive performances in Ruminants and Equines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ferlazzo
- Department of Animal Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Cristina Cravana
- Department of Animal Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Esterina Fazio
- Department of Animal Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Medica
- Department of Animal Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
956
|
Brandt SJ, Götz A, Tschöp MH, Müller TD. Gut hormone polyagonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Peptides 2018; 100:190-201. [PMID: 29412819 PMCID: PMC5805859 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical derivatives of the gut-derived peptide hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are among the best-in-class pharmacotherapies to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, GLP-1 analogs have modest weight lowering capacity, in the range of 5-10%, and the therapeutic window is hampered by dose-dependent side effects. Over the last few years, a new concept has emerged: combining the beneficial effects of several key metabolic hormones into a single molecular entity. Several unimolecular GLP-1-based polyagonists have shown superior metabolic action compared to GLP-1 monotherapies. In this review article, we highlight the history of polyagonists targeting the receptors for GLP-1, GIP and glucagon, and discuss recent progress in expanding of this concept to now allow targeted delivery of nuclear hormones via GLP-1 and other gut hormones, as a novel approach towards more personalized pharmacotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Brandt
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Business Campus Garching, Parkring 13, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anna Götz
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Business Campus Garching, Parkring 13, 85748 Garching, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes und Regeneration, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Business Campus Garching, Parkring 13, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Business Campus Garching, Parkring 13, 85748 Garching, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Business Campus Garching, Parkring 13, 85748 Garching, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
957
|
Liu G, Dhana K, Furtado JD, Rood J, Zong G, Liang L, Qi L, Bray GA, DeJonge L, Coull B, Grandjean P, Sun Q. Perfluoroalkyl substances and changes in body weight and resting metabolic rate in response to weight-loss diets: A prospective study. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002502. [PMID: 29438414 PMCID: PMC5810983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential endocrine-disrupting effects of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been demonstrated in animal studies, but whether PFASs may interfere with body weight regulation in humans is largely unknown. This study aimed to examine the associations of PFAS exposure with changes in body weight and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in a diet-induced weight-loss setting. METHODS AND FINDINGS In the 2-year POUNDS Lost randomized clinical trial based in Boston, Massachusetts, and Baton Rouge, Louisiana, that examined the effects of energy-restricted diets on weight changes, baseline plasma concentrations of major PFASs were measured among 621 overweight and obese participants aged 30-70 years. Body weight was measured at baseline and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. RMR and other metabolic parameters, including glucose, lipids, thyroid hormones, and leptin, were measured at baseline and 6 and 24 months. Participants lost an average of 6.4 kg of body weight during the first 6 months (weight-loss period) and subsequently regained an average of 2.7 kg of body weight during the period of 6-24 months (weight regain period). After multivariate adjustment, baseline PFAS concentrations were not significantly associated with concurrent body weight or weight loss during the first 6 months. In contrast, higher baseline levels of PFASs were significantly associated with a greater weight regain, primarily in women. In women, comparing the highest to the lowest tertiles of PFAS concentrations, the multivariate-adjusted mean weight regain (SE) was 4.0 (0.8) versus 2.1 (0.9) kg for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (Ptrend = 0.01); 4.3 (0.9) versus 2.2 (0.8) kg for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (Ptrend = 0.007); 4.7 (0.9) versus 2.5 (0.9) kg for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (Ptrend = 0.006); 4.9 (0.9) versus 2.7 (0.8) kg for perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) (Ptrend = 0.009); and 4.2 (0.8) versus 2.5 (0.9) kg for perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (Ptrend = 0.03). When further adjusted for changes in body weight or thyroid hormones during the first 6 months, results remained similar. Moreover, higher baseline plasma PFAS concentrations, especially for PFOS and PFNA, were significantly associated with greater decline in RMR during the weight-loss period and less increase in RMR during the weight regain period in both men and women. Limitations of the study include the possibility of unmeasured or residual confounding by socioeconomic and psychosocial factors, as well as possible relapse to the usual diet prior to randomization, which could have been rich in foods contaminated by PFASs through food packaging and also dense in energy. CONCLUSIONS In this diet-induced weight-loss trial, higher baseline plasma PFAS concentrations were associated with a greater weight regain, especially in women, possibly explained by a slower regression of RMR levels. These data illustrate a potential novel pathway through which PFASs interfere with human body weight regulation and metabolism. The possible impact of environmental chemicals on the obesity epidemic therefore deserves attention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00072995.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Klodian Dhana
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeremy D. Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Geng Zong
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - George A. Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Lilian DeJonge
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Brent Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
958
|
Sexual Dimorphism in the Selenocysteine Lyase Knockout Mouse. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020159. [PMID: 29385050 PMCID: PMC5852735 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient known for its antioxidant properties and health benefits, attributed to its presence in selenoproteins as the amino acid, selenocysteine. Selenocysteine lyase (Scly) catalyzes hydrolysis of selenocysteine to selenide and alanine, facilitating re-utilization of Se for de novo selenoprotein synthesis. Previously, it was reported that male Scly−/− mice develop increased body weight and body fat composition, and altered lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, compared to wild type mice. Strikingly, females appeared to present with a less severe phenotype, suggesting the relationship between Scly and energy metabolism may be regulated in a sex-specific manner. Here, we report that while body weight and body fat gain occur in both male and female Scly−/− mice, strikingly, males are susceptible to developing glucose intolerance, whereas female Scly−/− mice are protected. Because Se is critical for male reproduction, we hypothesized that castration would attenuate the metabolic dysfunction observed in male Scly−/− mice by eliminating sequestration of Se in testes. We report that fasting serum insulin levels were significantly reduced in castrated males compared to controls, but islet area was unchanged between groups. Finally, both male and female Scly−/− mice exhibit reduced hypothalamic expression of selenoproteins S, M, and glutathione peroxidase 1.
Collapse
|
959
|
Tanaka M, Yasuoka A, Yoshinuma H, Saito Y, Asakura T, Tanabe S. Seasoning ingredients in a medium-fat diet regulate lipid metabolism in peripheral tissues via the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in growing rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:497-506. [PMID: 29370734 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1427551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We fed rats noodle (N) -diet containing 30 wt.% instant noodle with a 26% fat-to-energy ratio for 30 days (N-group). Compared with rats that were fed the same amount of nutrients (C-group), the N-group showed lower liver triacylglycerol levels and higher fecal cholesterol levels. We then analyzed transcriptome of the hypothalamic-pituitary (HP), the liver and the white adipose tissue (WAT). Thyroid stimulating hormone (Tshb), and its partner, glycoprotein hormone genes were up-regulated in the HP of N-group. Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factors were activated in the liver of N-group, while an up-regulation of the angiogenic signal occurred in the WAT of N-group. N-group showed higher urine noradrenaline (NA) level suggesting that these tissue signals are regulated by NA and Tshb. The N-diet contains 0.326 wt.% glutamate, 0.00236 wt.% 6-shogaol and Maillard reaction products. Our results suggest that these ingredients may affect lipid homeostasis via the HP axis.
Collapse
Key Words
- AM: adrenal medulla
- ANGPT 2: angiopoietin 2
- CNS: central nervous system
- Cga: glycoprotein hormones alpha polypeptide
- DEGs: differentially expressed genes
- DHBA: 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine
- FDR: false discovery rate
- HP: hypothalamic-pituitary
- HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- IPA: Ingenuity Pathway Analysis
- NA: noradrenaline
- NCBI: National Center of Biotechnology Information
- SN: sympathetic nerve
- SREBF: sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor
- TG: triacylglycerol
- TH: thyroid hormone
- TRPs: transient receptor potential channels
- The designation of following abbreviations, Acsm5, Avp, Ch25h, CREB, Cyp51a1, Dhcr7, ERBB4, F2R, Gpd1, Hdc, Hmgcs, Maob, NEDD9, NFkB, SMARCB1, SPDEF, SPI1, STAT4, TGFBR1, Vip, WNT3A, and XBP1, are shown in Table 5 and 6.
- Trh: Thyrotropin releasing hormone
- Tshb: thyroid stimulating hormone B
- WAT: white adipose tissue
- hypothalamus
- instant noodle
- lipid metabolism
- noradrenaline
- seasoning ingredients
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Tanaka
- a Nissin Global Innovation Center , Nissin Foods Holdings , Hachioji , Japan
| | - Akihito Yasuoka
- b Project on Health and Anti-Aging, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Haruka Yoshinuma
- a Nissin Global Innovation Center , Nissin Foods Holdings , Hachioji , Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Saito
- c Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tomiko Asakura
- c Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Soichi Tanabe
- a Nissin Global Innovation Center , Nissin Foods Holdings , Hachioji , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
960
|
Sakane Y, Iida M, Hasebe T, Fujii S, Buchholz DR, Ishizuya-Oka A, Yamamoto T, Suzuki KIT. Functional analysis of thyroid hormone receptor beta in Xenopus tropicalis founders using CRISPR-Cas. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.030338. [PMID: 29358165 PMCID: PMC5829506 DOI: 10.1242/bio.030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphibians provide an ideal model to study the actions of thyroid hormone (TH) in animal development because TH signaling via two TH receptors, TRα and TRβ, is indispensable for amphibian metamorphosis. However, specific roles for the TRβ isoform in metamorphosis are poorly understood. To address this issue, we generated trβ-disrupted Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles using the CRISPR-Cas system. We first established a highly efficient and rapid workflow for gene disruption in the founder generation (F0) by injecting sgRNA and Cas9 ribonucleoprotein. Most embryos showed severe mutant phenotypes carrying high somatic mutation rates. Utilizing this founder analysis system, we examined the role of trβ in metamorphosis. trβ-disrupted pre-metamorphic tadpoles exhibited mixed responsiveness to exogenous TH. Specifically, gill resorption and activation of several TH-response genes, including trβ itself and two protease genes, were impaired. However, hind limb outgrowth and induction of the TH-response genes, klf9 and fra-2, were not affected by loss of trβ Surprisingly, trβ-disrupted tadpoles were able to undergo spontaneous metamorphosis normally, except for a slight delay in tail resorption. These results indicate TRβ is not required but contributes to the timing of resorptive events of metamorphosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Sakane
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Midori Iida
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Hasebe
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Daniel R Buchholz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, 312 Clifton Ct., Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Atsuko Ishizuya-Oka
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi T Suzuki
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
961
|
Gutleb AC, Cambier S, Serchi T. Impact of Endocrine Disruptors on the Thyroid Hormone System. Horm Res Paediatr 2018; 86:271-278. [PMID: 26771660 DOI: 10.1159/000443501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormone (TH) system plays a central role in central physiological processes of many species, including mammals and humans, ranging from growth and cell differentiation, energy metabolism, thermoregulation and phasing of hibernation or annual movements of migratory species, metamorphosis from larvae to adult forms, brain development, reproduction, or the cardiovascular system. Several chemicals are known to be TH-disrupting compounds (THDCs) and have been shown to interact with virtually all elements of TH homeostasis such as feedback mechanisms with the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, TH synthesis, TH storage and release from the thyroid gland, transport protein binding and TH distribution in tissues and organs, cellular TH uptake, intracellular TH metabolism, and TH receptor binding. Therefore, chemicals interfering with the TH homeostasis have the potential to interact with many of these important processes, and especially early-life stage exposure results in permanent alterations of tissue organization and homeostatic regulation of adaptive processes. This is not only of theoretical importance as the reported plasma concentrations of THDCs in human plasma fall well within the range of reported in vitro effect concentrations, and this is of even higher importance as the developing fetus and young children are in a sensitive developmental stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Health Group, Life Cycle Sustainability and Risk Assessment (LiSRA) Unit, Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
962
|
Ingenbleek Y. The Retinol Circulating Complex Releases Hormonal Ligands During Acute Stress Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:487. [PMID: 30233492 PMCID: PMC6131608 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive care workers actively participate in very hot debates aiming at defining the true metabolic, hormonal and nutritional requirements of critically ill patients, the contributory roles played by thyroid and retinoid ligands being largely underestimated. The present article makes up for redressing the balance on behalf of these last hormonal compounds. The retinol circulating complex is transported in the bloodstream in the form of a trimolecular edifice made up of transthyretin (TTR), retinol-binding protein (RBP) and its retinol ligand. TTR reflects the size of the lean body mass (LBM) and is one of the 3 carrier-proteins of thyroid hormones whereas RBP is the sole conveyor of retinol in human plasma. In acute inflammatory disorders, both TTR and RBP analytes experience abrupt cytokine-induced suppressed hepatic synthesis whose amplitude is dependent on the duration and severity of the inflammatory burden. The steep drop in TTR and RBP plasma values releases thyroxine and retinol ligands in their physiologically active forms, creating free pools estimated to be 10-20 times larger than those described in healthy subjects. The peak endocrine influence is reached on day 4 and the freed ligands undergo instant cellular overconsumption and urinary leakage of unmetabolized fractions. As a result of these transient hyperthyroid and hyperretinoid states, helpful stimulatory and/or inhibitory processes are set in motion, operating as second frontlines fine-tuning the impulses primarily initiated by cytokines. The data explain why preexisting protein malnutrition, as assessed by subnormal LBM and TTR values, impairs the development of appropriate recovery processes in critically ill patients. These findings have survival implications, emphasizing the need for more adapted therapeutic strategies in intensive care units.
Collapse
|
963
|
Little AG. Local Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Signaling. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 106:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
964
|
|
965
|
Tsutsui K, Son YL, Kiyohara M, Miyata I. Discovery of GnIH and Its Role in Hypothyroidism-Induced Delayed Puberty. Endocrinology 2018; 159:62-68. [PMID: 28938445 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is known that hypothyroidism delays puberty in mammals. Interaction between the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) and hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes may be important processes in delayed puberty. Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a newly discovered hypothalamic neuropeptide that inhibits gonadotropin synthesis and release in quail. It now appears that GnIH is conserved across various mammals and primates, including humans, and inhibits reproduction. We have further demonstrated that GnIH is involved in pubertal delay induced by thyroid dysfunction in female mice. Hypothyroidism delays pubertal onset with the increase in hypothalamic GnIH expression and the decrease in circulating gonadotropin and estradiol levels. Thyroid status regulates GnIH expression by epigenetic modification of the GnIH promoter region. Furthermore, knockout of GnIH gene abolishes the effect of hypothyroidism on delayed pubertal onset. Accordingly, it is considered that GnIH is a mediator of pubertal disorder induced by thyroid dysfunction. This is a novel function of GnIH that interacts between the HPT-HPG axes in pubertal onset delay. This mini-review summarizes the structure, expression, and function of GnIH and highlights the action of GnIH in pubertal disorder induced by thyroid dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Medical Life Science of Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - You Lee Son
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Medical Life Science of Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Kiyohara
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Medical Life Science of Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Miyata
- Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
966
|
Cicatiello AG, Di Girolamo D, Dentice M. Metabolic Effects of the Intracellular Regulation of Thyroid Hormone: Old Players, New Concepts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:474. [PMID: 30254607 PMCID: PMC6141630 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are key determinants of cellular metabolism and regulate a variety of pathways that are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in several target tissues. Notably, hyperthyroidism induces a hyper-metabolic state characterized by increased resting energy expenditure, reduced cholesterol levels, increased lipolysis and gluconeogenesis followed by weight loss, whereas hypothyroidism induces a hypo-metabolic state characterized by reduced energy expenditure, increased cholesterol levels, reduced lipolysis and gluconeogenesis followed by weight gain. Thyroid hormone is also a key regulator of mitochondria respiration and biogenesis. Besides mirroring systemic TH concentrations, the intracellular availability of TH is potently regulated in target cells by a mechanism of activation/inactivation catalyzed by three seleno-proteins: type 1 and type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D1 and D2) that convert the biologically inactive precursor thyroxine T4 into T3, and type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) that inactivates TH action. Thus, the pleiotropic effects of TH can fluctuate among tissues and strictly depend on the cell-autonomous action of the deiodinases. Here we review the mechanisms of TH action that mediate metabolic regulation. This review traces the critical impact of peripheral regulation of TH by the deiodinases on the pathways that regulate energy metabolism and the balance among energy intake, expenditure and storage in specific target tissues.
Collapse
|
967
|
Suad KA, AL-Shamire JSH, Dhyaa AA. Histological and biochemical evaluation of supplementing broiler diet with β-hydroxy-methyl butyrate calcium (β-HMB-Ca). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2018; 19:27-34. [PMID: 29805459 PMCID: PMC5960769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two hundred and sixteen day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks were allocated into 4 groups to study the impacts of different concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2%) of β-hydroxy-methyl butyrate calcium (β-HMB-Ca), on values of tri-iodothyronin (T3) and tetra-iodothyronin (T4) hormones, liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)], uric acid, peroxide, malondialdihyde (MDA), fatty acids and some histological parameters of small intestine (thickness of mucosa, height of villi, thickness of villi, depth of epithelial crypts and epithelial height). The biochemical results did not show any significant effect on T3 and T4 hormones and ALT while there was significant (P<0.01) decrease of AST in groups 2 and 3 and significant (P<0.05) decrease in uric acid in groups 2, 3 and 4 in comparison to control. In the liver, peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acids (FFA) were significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively) decreased in groups 2 and 3 compared to control. The histological changes indicate significant values (P<0.05) in all parameters of duodenum in group 2 and 3, while those parameters of jejunum showed significant values (P<0.05) in most parameters of groups 2 and 4. In conclusion, the addition of β-HMB-Ca to the broiler diet from age 1 to 35 days has improved the levels of liver function enzymes and uric acid in the serum and lowered the parameters of oxidation in the liver with improved the maturity, performance and secretory activities of the small intestine in broiler chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kh. A. Suad
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - J. S. H. AL-Shamire
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - A. A. Dhyaa
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
968
|
Cho WK, Nam HK, Kim JH, Rhie YJ, Chung S, Lee KH, Suh BK. Thyroid Function in Korean Adolescents with Obesity: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013-2015). Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:6874395. [PMID: 30250485 PMCID: PMC6140097 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6874395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we investigated the status of thyroid function and its association with metabolic risk factors in Korean adolescents. METHODS Among 2679 subjects aged 10-19 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013-2015), 1067 adolescents (M = 559, F = 508) with available data on free T4 (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were included. Study participants were classified into normal weight [body mass index (BMI) below 85th percentile, 80.7%], overweight (85th ≤ BMI< 95th percentile, 8.7%), and obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile, 10.6%). RESULTS With increasing levels of BMI category, the means of TSH increased (2.73 ± 0.06, 2.77 ± 0.02, and 3.24 ± 0.22 mIU/L, P = 0.031) and FT4 decreased (1.30 ± 0.01, 1.26 ± 0.02, and 1.25 ± 0.02 ng/mL, P = 0.001). Positive linear associations were observed between TSH and BMI z-score (P = 0.031), waist circumference (P = 0.013), waist-height ratio (P = 0.002), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.001), total cholesterol (P = 0.008), and triglyceride (P = 0.002) after adjusting for age and sex. With per-unit increase in TSH, the odds ratios of having abdominal obesity (OR = 1.18, 95% CI, 1.01-1.38) and triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dL (OR = 1.18, 95% CI, 1.04-1.34) were significantly increased after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. CONCLUSIONS In adolescents with obesity, TSH was higher and FT4 was lower than in adolescents with normal weight. Hyperthyrotropinemia was associated with abnormal metabolic risk factors including abdominal obesity and elevated triglyceride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyoung Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16247, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Nam
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Rhie
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Sochung Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120-1 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kyu Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
969
|
Xiao F, Zeng J, Huang P, Yan B, Zeng X, Liu C, Shi X, Wang L, Song H, Lin M, Yang S, Li Z, Li X, Liu C. Independent Association of Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels With Impaired Liver Enzymes in Hyperthyroid Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:800. [PMID: 30692965 PMCID: PMC6339876 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is identified as a potential biomarker for liver diseases. However, information is limited regarding serum FGF21 and impaired liver function in hyperthyroidism. We aim to determine the potential association of serum FGF21 levels with impaired liver enzymes in hyperthyroid patients. In this case-control study, 105 normal subjects and 122 overt hyperthyroid patients were included. Among them, 41 hyperthyroid patients who obtained euthyroid status after thionamide treatment received second visit. Serum FGF21 levels were determined using the ELISA method. Compared to the normal subjects, patients with hyperthyroidism had significantly elevated serum liver enzymes, including alanine transaminase (ALT) (p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p < 0.001) levels, as well as FGF21 levels (p < 0.001). Further analysis showed serum FGF21 (p < 0.05), as well as thyroid hormone (TH) free T3 (p < 0.05), free T4 (p < 0.05) levels were higher in hyperthyroid patients with impaired liver enzymes than in those with normal liver enzymes. After reversal of hyperthyroid state, elevated serum FGF21 levels in hyperthyroid patients declined significantly (p < 0.001), with a concomitant decrease in serum ALT (p < 0.001), AST (p < 0.001) levels. Correlation analysis showed close correlation between FGF21 and ALT (p < 0.002), AST (p < 0.012), free T3 (p < 0.001), free T4 (p < 0.001). Further logistic regression analysis revealed FGF21 is significantly associated with elevated ALT [Odds Ratio, OR 1.79, (95% confidence interval, CI), (1.30-2.47), P < 0.001], AST [1.59 (1.07-2.34), p < 0.020]. After adjustment of potential confounders, the association between FGF21 and elevated ALT remained significant [1.42 (1.01-1.99), p < 0.043]. In conclusion, serum FGF21 is independently associated with impaired liver enzymes in hyperthyroid patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangsen Xiao
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinyang Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peiying Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Xiamen, China
| | - Changqin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiulin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haiqu Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingzhu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuyu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Liu
| | - Chao Liu
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Xuejun Li
| |
Collapse
|
970
|
Senese R, de Lange P, Petito G, Moreno M, Goglia F, Lanni A. 3,5-Diiodothyronine: A Novel Thyroid Hormone Metabolite and Potent Modulator of Energy Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:427. [PMID: 30090086 PMCID: PMC6068267 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 30 years of research has demonstrated that 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (3,5-T2), an endogenous metabolite of thyroid hormones, exhibits interesting metabolic activities. In rodent models, exogenously administered 3,5-T2 rapidly increases resting metabolic rate and elicits short-term beneficial hypolipidemic effects; however, very few studies have evaluated the effects of endogenous and exogenous T2 in humans. Further analyses on larger cohorts are needed to determine whether 3,5-T2 is a potent additional modulator of energy metabolism. In addition, while several lines of evidence suggest that 3,5-T2 mainly acts through Thyroid hormone receptors (THRs)- independent ways, with mitochondria as a likely cellular target, THRs-mediated actions have also been described. The detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms through which 3,5-T2 elicits a multiplicity of actions remains unknown. Here, we provide an overview of the most recent literature on 3,5-T2 bioactivity with a particular focus on short-term and long-term effects, describing data obtained through in vivo and in vitro approaches in both mammalian and non-mammalian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli” , Caserta, Italy
| | - Pieter de Lange
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli” , Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petito
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli” , Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Moreno
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli” , Caserta, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonia Lanni
| |
Collapse
|
971
|
Jafarpour SM, Safaei M, Mohseni M, Salimian M, Aliasgharzadeh A, Farhood B. The Radioprotective Effects of Curcumin and Trehalose Against Genetic Damage Caused By I-131. Indian J Nucl Med 2018; 33:99-104. [PMID: 29643668 PMCID: PMC5883450 DOI: 10.4103/ijnm.ijnm_158_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid cancer has been growing rapidly during the last decades. Radioiodine-131 (I-131) as an appropriate therapy modality is currently using in the treatment of cancer and hyperthyroidism diseases. This radiotracer is considered as a cause of oxidative DNA damage in nontarget cells and tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin and trehalose on the level of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) caused by I-131 in human lymphocytes. Materials and Methods: First, 6-mL blood samples were taken from each of the five volunteers. After 1 h of preincubation with the antioxidants, a total of 20 μCi I-131/2 mL (blood + NaCl) was added to each sample, and then, the samples were reincubated for 1 h. Lymphocytes were separated and the mean DSB levels were measured for each sample through γ-H2AX assay to evaluate the effects of antioxidants. Results: After 1-h incubation with I-131, the DSBs increased by 102.9% compared to the control group (0.343 vs. 0.169 DSB/cell; P = 0.00). Furthermore, compared to the control + I-131 group, curcumin and trehalose reduced the DSBs by 42% and 38%, respectively. There was a significant decrement (P = 0.00) in the levels of DSBs of the curcumin + I-131 and trehalose + I-131 subgroups compared to the control + I-131 subgroup. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between the radioprotective effect of curcumin and trehalose (P = 0.95). Conclusion: The use of curcumin and trehalose as antioxidant can reduce the numbers of DSBs caused by I-131. Meanwhile, the radioprotective effect of curcumin was more than trehalose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Masoud Jafarpour
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Safaei
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehran Mohseni
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Morteza Salimian
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Akbar Aliasgharzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
972
|
McCormley MC, Champagne CD, Deyarmin JS, Stephan AP, Crocker DE, Houser DS, Khudyakov JI. Repeated adrenocorticotropic hormone administration alters adrenal and thyroid hormones in free-ranging elephant seals. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 6:coy040. [PMID: 30034809 PMCID: PMC6048993 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological response of marine mammals to anthropogenic stressors can inform marine ecosystem conservation strategies. Stress stimulates the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and synthesis of glucocorticoid (GC) hormones, which increase energy substrate availability while suppressing energy-intensive processes. Exposure to repeated stressors can potentially affect an animal's ability to respond to and recover from subsequent challenges. To mimic repeated activation of the HPA axis by environmental stressors (or challenges), we administered adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to free-ranging juvenile northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris; n = 7) once daily for 4 days. ACTH administration induced significant elevation in circulating cortisol and aldosterone levels. The cortisol responses did not vary in magnitude between the first ACTH administration on Day 1 and the last administration on Day 4. In contrast, aldosterone levels remained elevated above baseline for at least 24 h after each ACTH injection, and responses were greater on Day 4 than Day 1. Total triiodothyronine (tT3) levels were decreased on Day 4 relative to Day 1, while reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) concentrations increased relative to baseline on Days 1 and 4 in response to ACTH, indicating a suppression of thyroid hormone production. There was no effect of ACTH on the sex steroid dehydroepiandrosterone. These data suggest that elephant seals are able to mount adrenal responses to multiple ACTH administrations. However, repeated ACTH administration resulted in facilitation of aldosterone secretion and suppression of tT3, which may impact osmoregulation and metabolism, respectively. We propose that aldosterone and tT3 are informative additional indicators of repeated stress in marine mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molly C McCormley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Cory D Champagne
- Conservation and Biological Research Program, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jared S Deyarmin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Alicia P Stephan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Biology Department, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - Dorian S Houser
- Conservation and Biological Research Program, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jane I Khudyakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
- Conservation and Biological Research Program, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
- Corresponding author: Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave. Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
973
|
Jesulola E, Micalos P, Baguley IJ. Understanding the pathophysiology of depression: From monoamines to the neurogenesis hypothesis model - are we there yet? Behav Brain Res 2017; 341:79-90. [PMID: 29284108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of factors (biogenic amine deficiency, genetic, environmental, immunologic, endocrine factors and neurogenesis) have been identified as mechanisms which provide unitary explanations for the pathophysiology of depression. Rather than a unitary construct, the combination and linkage of these factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. That is, environmental stressors and heritable genetic factors acting through immunologic and endocrine responses initiate structural and functional changes in many brain regions, resulting in dysfunctional neurogenesis and neurotransmission which then manifest as a constellation of symptoms which present as depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Jesulola
- Paramedicine Discipline, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst Campus, NSW Australia.
| | - Peter Micalos
- Paramedicine Discipline, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst Campus, NSW Australia
| | - Ian J Baguley
- Brain Injury Rehabilitation Service, Westmead Hospital, Hawkesbury Rd, Wentworthville, NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
974
|
Holzer G, Roux N, Laudet V. Evolution of ligands, receptors and metabolizing enzymes of thyroid signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:5-13. [PMID: 28342854 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play important roles in vertebrates such as the control of the metabolism, development and seasonality. Given the pleiotropic effects of thyroid disorders (developmental delay, mood disorder, tachycardia, etc), THs signaling is highly investigated, specially using mammalian models. In addition, the critical role of TH in controlling frog metamorphosis has led to the use of Xenopus as another prominent model to study THs action. Nevertheless, animals regarded as non-model species can also improve our understanding of THs signaling. For instance, studies in amphioxus highlighted the role of Triac as a bona fide thyroid hormone receptor (TR) ligand. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the THs signaling in the different taxa forming the metazoans (multicellular animals) group. We mainly focus on three actors of the THs signaling: the ligand, the receptor and the deiodinases, enzymes playing a critical role in THs metabolism. By doing so, we also pinpoint many key questions that remain unanswered. How can THs accelerate metamorphosis in tunicates and echinoderms while their TRs have not been yet demonstrated as functional THs receptors in these species? Do THs have a biological effect in insects and cnidarians even though they do not have any TR? What is the basic function of THs in invertebrate protostomia? These questions can appear disconnected from pharmacological issues and human applications, but the investigation of THs signaling at the metazoans scale can greatly improve our understanding of this major endocrinological pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Holzer
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Natacha Roux
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins UMR 7232, CNRS et Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins UMR 7232, CNRS et Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
| |
Collapse
|
975
|
Frau C, Godart M, Plateroti M. Thyroid hormone regulation of intestinal epithelial stem cell biology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:90-97. [PMID: 28288904 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a well-characterized target of thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone nuclear receptors TRs, as extensively described in the literature. The paradigm is its important remodelling in amphibians during thyroid hormone-dependent metamorphosis. Interestingly, several studies have described the conservation of this hormonal signal during intestinal development in mammals. Additional data suggested that it may also play a role in intestinal homeostasis, stem cell physiology and progenitor commitment as well as in tumour development. It is worth underlining that in the mammalian intestine the functionality of the TRα1 receptor is coordinated and integrated with other signalling pathways, such as Wnt and Notch, specifically at the level of stem/progenitor cell populations. Here, we summarize these data and concepts and discuss this new role for thyroid hormones and the TRα1 receptor in the biology of intestinal epithelial precursor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Frau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de La Recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Matthias Godart
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de La Recherche, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Michelina Plateroti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Département de La Recherche, 69000 Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
976
|
Orozco A, Lazcano I, Hernández-Puga G, Olvera A. Non-mammalian models reveal the role of alternative ligands for thyroid hormone receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:59-63. [PMID: 28267601 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones, or THs, are well-known regulators of a wide range of biological processes that occur throughout the lifespan of all vertebrates. THs act through genomic mechanisms mediated by thyroid hormone receptors (TRs). The main product of the thyroid gland is thyroxine or T4, which can be further transformed by different biochemical pathways to produce at least 15 active or inactive molecules. T3, a product of T4 outer-ring deiodination, has been recognized as the main bioactive TH. However, growing evidence has shown that other TH derivatives are able to bind to, and/or activate TRs, to induce thyromimetic effects. The compiled data in this review points to at least two of these TR alternative ligands: TRIAC and T2. Taking this into account, non-mammalian models have proven to be advantageous to explore new TH derivatives with potential novel actions, prompting a re-evaluation of the role and mechanism of action of TR alternative ligands that were previously believed to be inactive. The functional implications of these ligands across different vertebrates may require us to reconsider current established notions of thyroid physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurea Orozco
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Qro.76230, Mexico.
| | - Iván Lazcano
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Qro.76230, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hernández-Puga
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Qro.76230, Mexico
| | - Aurora Olvera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Qro.76230, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
977
|
Cicatiello AG, Ambrosio R, Dentice M. Thyroid hormone promotes differentiation of colon cancer stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:84-89. [PMID: 28342853 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor formation and maintenance depend on a small fraction of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that can self-renew and generate a wide variety of differentiated cells. CSCs are resistant to chemotherapy and radiation, and can represent a reservoir of cancer cells that often cause relapse after treatment. Evidence suggests that CSCs also give rise to metastases. Thyroid hormone (TH) controls a variety of biological processes including the development and functioning of most adult tissues. Recent years has seen the emergence of an intimate link between TH and multiple steps of tumorigenesis. Thyroid hormone controls the balance between the proliferation and differentiation of CSCs, and may thus be a druggable anti-cancer agent. Here, we review current understanding of the effects of TH on colorectal CSCs, including the cross regulatory loops between TH and regulators of CSC stemness. Targeting TH in the tumor microenvironment may improve treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Italy; CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
978
|
Pałkowska-Goździk E, Lachowicz K, Rosołowska-Huszcz D. Effects of Dietary Protein on Thyroid Axis Activity. Nutrients 2017; 10:nu10010005. [PMID: 29271877 PMCID: PMC5793233 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for the normal development and function of every vertebrate. The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis is regulated to maintain euthyroid status. One of the most influential environmental factors that determines HPT axis activity is nutrition. Both food availability and substrate diversity affect thyroid hormone economy. The present paper aims to summarize literature data concerning the influence of the amount and the type of protein on thyroid axis activity. This review sheds light on the contribution of a low-protein diet or insufficient intake of essential amino acids to TH abnormalities. We believe that the knowledge of these dependencies could improve the results of nutritional interventions in thyroid axis disorders and enhance the efficiency of animal breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Pałkowska-Goździk
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, 159c Nowoursynowska Str., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Lachowicz
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, 159c Nowoursynowska Str., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Danuta Rosołowska-Huszcz
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, 159c Nowoursynowska Str., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
979
|
Weiner J, Hankir M, Heiker JT, Fenske W, Krause K. Thyroid hormones and browning of adipose tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 458:156-159. [PMID: 28089823 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) disorders are associated with profound changes in whole body energy metabolism. A major TH target is thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT), which can be stimulated directly through thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) expressed in brown adipocytes and indirectly, through TRs expressed in hypothalamic neurons. White adipose tissue (WAT) adopts BAT characteristics by a diverse range of stimuli in a process referred to as browning. It is now understood that TH also induce WAT browning through peripheral and central mechanisms. In this review, we discuss evidence from animal and human studies that TH disorders are associated with changes in both BAT thermogenesis and WAT browning, thereby influencing body temperature and body weight regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Weiner
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mohammed Hankir
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wiebke Fenske
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
980
|
Affiliation(s)
- I. W. Hamley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
981
|
Seebacher F. The evolution of metabolic regulation in animals. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 224:195-203. [PMID: 29128642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Energy metabolism is determined by a suite of regulatory mechanism, and their increasing complexity over evolutionary time provides the key to understanding the emergence of different metabolic phenotypes. Energy metabolism is at the core of biological processes because all organisms must maintain energy balance against thermodynamic gradients. Energy metabolism is regulated by a bewildering array of interacting molecular mechanisms, and much of what is known about metabolic regulation comes from the medical literature. However, ecology and evolutionary research would gain considerably by incorporating regulatory mechanisms more explicitly in research on topics such as the evolution of endothermy, metabolic plasticity, and energy balance. The purpose of this brief review is to summarise the main regulatory pathways of energy metabolism in animals and their evolutionary origins to make these complex interactions more accessible to researchers from a broad range of backgrounds. Some of the principal regulators of energy balance, such as the AMP-stimulated protein kinase, have an ancient prokaryotic origin. Most regulatory pathways (e.g. thyroid hormone, insulin, adipokines), however, are eukaryotic in origin and diversified substantially in metazoans and vertebrates. Diversification in vertebrates is at least partly due to genome duplications early in this lineage. The interaction between regulatory mechanisms permitted an increasingly sophisticated fine-tuning of energy balance and metabolism. Hence, regulatory complexity increased over evolutionary time, and taxa differ in their potential range of metabolic phenotypes. Choice of model organism therefore becomes important, and bacteria or even invertebrates are not good models for more derived vertebrates. Different metabolic phenotypes and their evolution, such as endothermy and metabolic plasticity, should be interpreted against this regulatory background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
982
|
Swarnalatha NB, Roy N, Gouda MM, Moger R, Abraham A. High-fat, simple-carbohydrate diet intake induces hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis dysregulation in C57BL/6J male mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 43:371-380. [PMID: 29099999 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Given the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome, we wanted to explore if high-fat, simple-carbohydrate (HFSC) diet affects hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. One-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed with control (C) and HFSC (T) feed (n = 18 each), respectively, for 5 months. There was a significant increase in triiodothyronine in the T group (13.5%) compared with the age-matched C group by the fifth month. Thyroid-stimulating hormone was significantly higher (1 month: 1.9-fold; 3 months: 2.66-fold; 5 months: 3.5-fold) from the first to fifth months in the T group compared with age-matched C group. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) gene expression showed significant decrease (1 month: 83.2%; 5 months: 40.7%) in the T group compared with the age-matched C group. TRHR1 showed significant decrease in the T group compared with the age-matched C group throughout the study (1 month: 82.8%; 3 months: 45.7%; 5 months: 75.2%). However, TRHR2 showed dynamic change during the study. Initially there was significant (1 month: 0.104-fold) downregulation, followed by significant upregulation (3 months: 3.6-fold) and downregulation (0.73-fold) by the fifth month in the T group compared with the age-matched C group. There was marked depletion of functional follicular cells and colloid substance in the thyroid glands of the T group by the fifth month compared with the C group. Leptin receptors ObRa (1 month: 48.25%; 5 months: 88%) and ObRb (1 month: 46.9%; 5 months: 63.3%) were significantly downregulated in the T group compared with the age-matched C group in the first and fifth months of feeding the respective diets. The expression of p-STAT3, a transcription factor known to have a role in energy balance, intermediate metabolism, and leptin signalling was seen to decrease significantly (6.25-fold) in the hypothalamus of the T group compared with the age-matched C group. In conclusion, HFSC feed disrupts the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in male C57BL/6J mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraj Banavara Swarnalatha
- a Father George Albuquerque Pai Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Biotechnology, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangaluru-575003, India.,b PG Department of Biochemistry, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangaluru-575003, India
| | - Neena Roy
- a Father George Albuquerque Pai Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Biotechnology, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangaluru-575003, India
| | | | - Rajeish Moger
- d Department Fisheries Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Mangaluru-575002, India
| | - Asha Abraham
- a Father George Albuquerque Pai Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Biotechnology, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangaluru-575003, India
| |
Collapse
|
983
|
Sofronova SI, Gaynullina DK, Shvetsova AA, Borzykh AA, Selivanova EK, Kostyunina DS, Sharova AP, Martyanov AA, Tarasova OS. Antenatal/early postnatal hypothyroidism alters arterial tone regulation in 2-week-old rats. J Endocrinol 2017; 235:137-151. [PMID: 28794003 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of vascular alterations resulting from early thyroid hormones deficiency are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that antenatal/early postnatal hypothyroidism would alter the activity of endothelial NO pathway and Rho-kinase pathway, which are specific for developing vasculature. Dams were treated with propylthiouracil (PTU, 7 ppm) in drinking water during gestation and 2 weeks after delivery, and their progeny had normal body weight but markedly reduced blood levels of thyroid hormones (ELISA). Small arteries from 2-week-old male pups were studied using wire myography, qPCR and Western blotting. Mesenteric arteries of PTU pups, compared to controls, demonstrated smaller maximum response to α1-adrenergic agonist methoxamine and reduced mRNA contents of smooth muscle differentiation markers α-actin and SERCA2A. Inhibition of basal NO synthesis by l-NNA led to tonic contraction of mesenteric arteries and augmented their contractile responses to methoxamine; both l-NNA effects were impaired in PTU pups. PTU pups demonstrated lower blood level of NO metabolites compared to control group (Griess reaction). Rho-kinase inhibitor Y27632 strongly reduced mesenteric arteries responses to methoxamine in PTU pups, that was accompanied by elevated Rho-kinase content in their arteries in comparison to control ones. Unlike mesenteric, saphenous arteries of PTU pups, compared to controls, had no changes in α-actin and SERCA2A contents and in responses to l-NNA and Y27632. In conclusion, thyroid hormones deficiency suppresses the anticontractile effect of NO and potentiates the procontractile Rho-kinase effects in mesenteric arteries of 2-week-old pups. Such alterations disturb perinatal cardiovascular homeostasis and might lead to cardiovascular pathologies in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana I Sofronova
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of BiologyM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dina K Gaynullina
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of BiologyM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of PhysiologyRussian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Shvetsova
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of BiologyM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Borzykh
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina K Selivanova
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of BiologyM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria S Kostyunina
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of BiologyM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna P Sharova
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Martyanov
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of BiologyM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S Tarasova
- Institute for Biomedical ProblemsRussian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of BiologyM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
984
|
Role of halogen and hydrogen bonds for stabilization of antithyroid drugs with hypohalous acids (HOX, X = I, Br, and Cl) adducts. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
985
|
Wong J, Hsia SV. The expanding functions of thyroid hormone. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:53. [PMID: 29075436 PMCID: PMC5648426 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiemin Wong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Fengxian District Central Hospital-ECNU Joint Center of Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Shaochung Victor Hsia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA
| |
Collapse
|
986
|
Too HC, Shibata M, Yayota M, Darras VM, Iwasawa A. Expression of thyroid hormone regulator genes in the yolk sac membrane of the developing chicken embryo. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:463-472. [PMID: 28652559 PMCID: PMC5649095 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for the correct development of nearly every structure in the body from the very early stages of development, yet the embryonic thyroid gland is not functional at these stages. To clarify the roles of the egg yolk as a source of THs, the TH content in the yolk and the expression of TH regulator genes in the yolk sac membrane were evaluated throughout the 21-day incubation period of chicken embryos. The yolk TH content (22.3 ng triiodothyronine and 654.7 ng thyroxine per total yolk on day 4 of incubation) decreased almost linearly along with development. Real-time PCR revealed gene expression of transthyretin, a principal TH distributor in the chicken, and of a TH-inactivating iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO3), until the second week of incubation when the embryonic pituitary-thyroid axis is generally thought to start functioning. The TH-activating deiodinase (DIO2) and transmembrane transporter of thyroxine (SLCO1C1) genes were expressed in the last week of incubation, which coincided with a marked increase of circulating thyroxine and a reduction in the yolk sac weight. DIO1, which can remove iodine from inactive THs, was expressed throughout the incubation period. It is assumed that the chicken yolk sac inactivates THs contained abundantly in the yolk and supplies the hormones to the developing embryo in appropriate concentrations until the second week of incubation, while THs may be activated in the yolk sac membrane in the last week of incubation. Additionally, the yolk sac could serve as a source of iodine for the embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanny Cho Too
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Naypyidaw, Myanmar
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibata
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masato Yayota
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Veerle M Darras
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Atsushi Iwasawa
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
987
|
Benjamin S, Masai E, Kamimura N, Takahashi K, Anderson RC, Faisal PA. Phthalates impact human health: Epidemiological evidences and plausible mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 340:360-383. [PMID: 28800814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Disregarding the rising alarm on the hazardous nature of various phthalates and their metabolites, ruthless usage of phthalates as plasticizer in plastics and as additives in innumerable consumer products continues due low their cost, attractive properties, and lack of suitable alternatives. Globally, in silico computational, in vitro mechanistic, in vivo preclinical and limited clinical or epidemiological human studies showed that over a dozen phthalates and their metabolites ingested passively by man from the general environment, foods, drinks, breathing air, and routine household products cause various dysfunctions. Thus, this review addresses the health hazards posed by phthalates on children and adolescents, epigenetic modulation, reproductive toxicity in women and men; insulin resistance and type II diabetes; overweight and obesity, skeletal anomalies, allergy and asthma, cancer, etc., coupled with the description of major phthalates and their general uses, phthalate exposure routes, biomonitoring and risk assessment, special account on endocrine disruption; and finally, a plausible molecular cross-talk with a unique mechanism of action. This clinically focused comprehensive review on the hazards of phthalates would benefit the general population, academia, scientists, clinicians, environmentalists, and law or policy makers to decide upon whether usage of phthalates to be continued swiftly without sufficient deceleration or regulated by law or to be phased out from earth forever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sailas Benjamin
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940 2188, Japan; Enzyme Technology Laboratory, School of Biosciences, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India.
| | - Eiji Masai
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940 2188, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kamimura
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940 2188, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940 2188, Japan
| | - Robin C Anderson
- USDA Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Panichikkal Abdul Faisal
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, School of Biosciences, University of Calicut, Kerala 673 635, India
| |
Collapse
|
988
|
Pathogenesis of hypothyroidism-induced NAFLD is driven by intra- and extrahepatic mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9172-E9180. [PMID: 29073114 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707797114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism, a metabolic disease characterized by low thyroid hormone (TH) and high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the serum, is strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hypothyroidism-induced NAFLD has generally been attributed to reduced TH signaling in the liver with a consequent decrease in lipid utilization. Here, we found that mildly hypothyroid mice develop NAFLD without down-regulation of hepatic TH signaling or decreased hepatic lipid utilization. NAFLD was induced by impaired suppression of adipose tissue lipolysis due to decreased insulin secretion and to a reduced response of adipose tissue itself to insulin. This condition leads to increased shuttling of fatty acids (FAs) to the liver, where they are esterified and accumulated as triglycerides. Lipid accumulation in the liver induces hepatic insulin resistance, which leads to impaired suppression of endogenous glucose production after feeding. Hepatic insulin resistance, synergistically with lowered insulin secretion, increases serum glucose levels, which stimulates de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in the liver. Up-regulation of DNL also contributes to NAFLD. In contrast, severely hypothyroid mice show down-regulation of TH signaling in their livers and profound suppression of adipose tissue lipolysis, which decreases delivery of FAs to the liver. The resulting lack of substrates for triglyceride esterification protects severely hypothyroid mice against NAFLD. Our findings demonstrate that NAFLD occurs when TH levels are mildly reduced, but, paradoxically, not when they are severely reduced. Our results show that the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism-induced NAFLD is both intra- and extrahepatic; they also reveal key metabolic differences between mild and severe hypothyroidism.
Collapse
|
989
|
Hooper SE, Backus R, Amelon S. Effects of dietary selenium and moisture on the physical activity and thyroid axis of cats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:495-504. [PMID: 28984032 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of canned cat food is considered a risk factor for the development of feline hyperthyroidism. Because selenium and water are substantially higher in canned diets compared to dry diets, objectives of this study were to determine whether increased dietary selenium or water alters the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and leads to an increase in activity level. Employing a 28-day latin square design with a 14-day washout, six lean, neutered male domestic shorthair cats were fed (i) commercially available adult dry feline diet containing 0.8 ppm selenium (control), (ii) control diet with added sodium selenite to achieve a dietary selenium concentration of 1.125 ppm (selenium treatment) and (iii) the control diet with additional water to achieve a moisture content of 75% wt/wt (water treatment). Water consumption was determined using deuterium oxide washout. Actical activity monitors were placed on each cat's collar to allow quantification of the activity of each cat. Circulating serum T3 and T4 was measured on days 0, 14, and 28. On day 28, a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test was conducted to determine treatment effects on serum concentrations of thyroid hormones. There was a significant increase in daily water consumption with dietary water treatment (192 ml ± 7.85 SEM) compared to the control (120 ml ± 20.4) and selenium (116 ml ± 14.6) treatments. Both water and selenium treatments were associated with greater (p < .05) activity over that of the control treatment by 20.5% and 11% respectively. Serum TT3 AUC concentrations (0-4 hr) of TRH stimulation tests were greater (p < .05) by 16% with water compared to control treatments. The results of this study indicate that dietary water content may alter the function of the thyroid axis and that this effect is associated with an increase in physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E Hooper
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - R Backus
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - S Amelon
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
990
|
Uniyal S, Garg AK, Jadhav SE, Chaturvedi VK, Mohanta RK. Comparative efficacy of zinc supplementation from different sources on nutrient digestibility, hemato-biochemistry and anti-oxidant activity in guinea pigs. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
991
|
Liu Y, Wu D, Xu Q, Yu L, Liu C, Wang J. Acute exposure to tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) affects growth and development of embryo-larval zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 191:17-24. [PMID: 28772162 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), is used as a flame retardant worldwide. It is an additive in materials and can be easily discharged into the surrounding environment. There is evidence linking TBOEP exposure to abnormal development and growth in zebrafish embryos/larvae. Here, using zebrafish embryo as a model, we investigated toxicological effects on developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) caused by TBOEP at concentrations of 0, 20, 200, 1000, 2000μg/L starting from 2h post-fertilization (hpf). Our findings revealed that TBOEP exposure caused developmental toxicity, such as malformation, growth delay and decreased heart rate in zebrafish larvae. Correlation analysis indicated that inhibition of growth was possibly due to down-regulation of expression of genes related to the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis. Furthermore, exposure to TBOEP significantly increased thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) in whole larvae. In addition, changed expression of genes involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis was observed, indicating that perturbation of HPT axis might be responsible for the developmental damage and growth delay induced by TBOEP. The present study provides a new set of evidence that exposure of embryo-larval zebrafish to TBOEP can cause perturbation of GH/IGF axis and HPT axis, which could result in developmental impairment and growth inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ding Wu
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Qinglong Xu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liqin Yu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
992
|
Martinez B, Ortiz RM. Thyroid Hormone Regulation and Insulin Resistance: Insights From Animals Naturally Adapted to Fasting. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:141-151. [PMID: 28202624 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00018.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of thyroidal status in insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis has been implicated as a potential pathophysiological factor in humans, but the specific mechanisms remain largely elusive. Fasting induces changes in both thyroid hormone secretion and insulin signaling. Here, we explore how mammals that undergo natural, prolonged bouts of fasting provide unique insight into evolved physiological adaptations that allow them to tolerate such conditions despite intermittent states of reversible insulin resistance. Such insights from nature may provide clues to better understand the basis of thyroidal involvement in insulin dysregulation in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Martinez
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Rudy M Ortiz
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Merced, California
| |
Collapse
|
993
|
Chapel NM, Byrd CJ, Lugar DW, Morello GM, Baumgard LH, Ross JW, Safranski TJ, Lucy MC, Johnson JS. Determining the effects of early gestation in utero heat stress on postnatal fasting heat production and circulating biomarkers associated with metabolism in growing pigs1,2. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
994
|
Parizad Nasirkandy M, Badfar G, Shohani M, Rahmati S, YektaKooshali MH, Abbasalizadeh S, Soleymani A, Azami M. The relation of maternal hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy on preterm birth: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.15.9.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
995
|
Kang JY, Kim M, Kang Y, Lee W, Ha TK, Seo JH, Son YG, Ha E. Thyroidectomy stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion and attenuates hepatic steatosis in high-fat fed rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:548-555. [PMID: 28870812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) as a therapeutic intervention to treat obesity has been tried but the effect of THs on body weight and the mechanistic details of which are far from clear. This study was designed to determine and elucidate the mechanistic details of metabolic action of THs in high-fat diet (HFD) fed Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Rats were made surgically hypothyroid (thyroidectomy, Thx). Body weights and food and water intake profoundly decreased in HFD fed thyroidectomized group (HN Thx). Results showed that delayed insulin response, increased total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein in HN Thx. Unexpectedly, however, Thx reduced serum and hepatic triglyceride concentrations. Further studies revealed that Thx dramatically increased circulating GLP-1 as well as increased expressions of GLP-1 in small intestine. Diminished hepatic expressions of lipogenic genes, were observed in HN Thx group. Beta-catenin and glutamine synthetase, a known target of β-catenin, were up-regulated in the liver of HN Thx group. The expressions of gluconeogenic genes G6P and PCK were reduced in the liver of HN Thx group. The results may suggest that surgery-induced hypothyroidism increases GLP-1, the actions of which may in part be responsible for the reduction in water intake, appetite and hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Yeon Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonmok Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Ha
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gil Son
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunyoung Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
996
|
Kim HI, Kim TH, Kim H, Kim YN, Jang HW, Kim JH, Hur KY, Chung JH, Kim SW. Delayed TSH recovery after dose adjustment during TSH-suppressive levothyroxine therapy of thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 87:286-291. [PMID: 28375573 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) recovery during treatment of Graves' disease is caused by long-term excessive thyroid hormone, which results in downregulation of pituitary thyrotrophs. However, it is unknown whether delayed TSH recovery exists after levothyroxine (LT4) dose reduction in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after long-term TSH suppression. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 97 DTC patients with LT4 dose reduction after long-term TSH suppression. TSH levels at baseline (point 1), 6 months (point 2) and 12-18 months (point 3) after LT4 dose reduction were compared. A delayed TSH recovery group whose TSH levels changed to upper target TSH category (2015 revised ATA guidelines) from point 2 to point 3 was identified, and risk factors were analysed. RESULTS The median TSH level at point 3 was significantly higher than that of point 2 (0.17 vs 0.09 mIU/L; P<.001). The delayed TSH recovery group (44.3%) showed increased body weight (60.84 vs 62.73 kg; P=.01), while normal response group did not. Greater reduction (%) in the LT4 dose per weight [HR 1.10, 95% CI (1.00-1.22), P=.04] and higher BMI before thyroid surgery [1.19, 1.03-1.38, P=.01] predicted the occurrence of delayed TSH recovery, while higher dose of LT4 per weight after reduction showed preventive effect [HR 0.01, 95% CI (0.00-0.54); P=.02]. CONCLUSIONS Delayed TSH recovery was common during LT4 dose reduction after long-term TSH suppression for DTC management. Six months may not be enough for TSH recovery and to evaluate thyroid hormone status by serum TSH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye In Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyuk Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hosu Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Nam Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Jang
- Department of Medical Education, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Han Kim
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
997
|
Parizad Nasirkandy M, Badfar G, Shohani M, Rahmati S, YektaKooshali MH, Abbasalizadeh S, Soleymani A, Azami M. The relation of maternal hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy on preterm birth: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017; 15:543-552. [PMID: 29662962 PMCID: PMC5894470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical consequences of hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy such as preterm birth are not still clear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the relation of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy and preterm birth. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this meta-analysis, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis were utilized. Searching the cohort studies were done by two researchers independently without any restrictions on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane, EBSCO and Google Scholar databases up to 2017. The heterogeneity of the studies was checked by the Cochran's Q test and I2 index. Both random and fixed-effects models were used for combining the relative risk and 95% confidence intervals. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2. RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included in the meta-analysis. The relative risks of the clinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy on preterm birth was estimated 1.30 (95% CI: 1.05-1.61, p=0.013, involving 20079 cases and 2452817 controls), 1.36 (95% CI: 1.09-1.68, p=0.005, involving 3580 cases and 64885 controls) and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.04-1.66, p=0.020, involving 1078 cases and 44377 controls), respectively. CONCLUSION The incidence of preterm birth was higher among mothers with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy compared to euthyroid mothers, and these relations were significant. Therefore, gynecologists and endocrinologists should manage these patients to control the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Parizad Nasirkandy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Badfar
- Department of Pediatrics, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical science, Behbahan, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Shohani
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Shoboo Rahmati
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein YektaKooshali
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing- Midwifery, and Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Shamsi Abbasalizadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ali Soleymani
- Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
| | - Milad Azami
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
998
|
Trans-omics approaches used to characterise fish nutritional biorhythms in leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus). Sci Rep 2017; 7:9372. [PMID: 28839183 PMCID: PMC5570933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is now a major supplier of fish, and has the potential to be a major source of protein in the future. Leopard coral groupers are traded in Asian markets as superior fish, and production via aquaculture has commenced. As feeding efficiency is of great concern in aquaculture, we sought to examine the metabolism of leopard coral groupers using trans-omics approaches. Metabolic mechanisms were comprehensively analysed using transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques. This study focused on the dynamics of muscular metabolites and gene expression. The omics data were discussed in light of circadian rhythms and fasting/feeding. The obtained data suggest that branched-chain amino acids played a role in energy generation in the fish muscle tissues during fasting. Moreover, glycolysis, TCA cycles, and purine metabolic substances exhibited circadian patterns, and gene expression also varied. This study is the first step to understanding the metabolic mechanisms of the leopard coral grouper.
Collapse
|
999
|
Cao Y, Matsubara T, Zhao C, Gao W, Peng L, Shan J, Liu Z, Yuan F, Tang L, Li P, Guan Z, Fang Z, Lu X, Huang H, Yang Q. Antisense oligonucleotide and thyroid hormone conjugates for obesity treatment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9307. [PMID: 28839185 PMCID: PMC5571112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the principle of antibody-drug conjugates that deliver highly potent cytotoxic agents to cancer cells for cancer therapy, we here report the synthesis of antisense-oligonucleotides (ASO) and thyroid hormone T3 conjugates for obesity treatment. ASOs primarily target fat and liver with poor penetrance to other organs. Pharmacological T3 treatment increases energy expenditure and causes weight loss, but is contraindicated for obesity treatment due to systemic effects on multiple organs. We hypothesize that ASO-T3 conjugates may knock down target genes and enrich T3 action in fat and liver. Two established ASOs are tested. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT)-ASO prevents diet-induced obesity in mice. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-ASO is an FDA approved drug for treating familial hypercholesterolemia. NNMT-ASO and ApoB-ASO are chemically conjugated with T3 using a non-cleavable sulfo-SMCC linker. Both NNMT-ASO-T3 (NAT3) and ApoB-ASO-T3 (AAT3) enhance thyroid hormone receptor activity. Treating obese mice with NAT3 or AAT3 decreases adiposity and increases lean mass. ASO-T3 enhances white fat browning, decreases genes for fatty acid synthesis in liver, and shows limited effects on T3 target genes in heart and muscle. Furthermore, AAT3 augments LDL cholesterol-lowering effects of ApoB-ASO. Therefore, ASO and hormone/drug conjugation may provide a novel strategy for obesity and hyperlipidemia treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, UC Irvine Diabetes Center, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Tomoko Matsubara
- Department of Kinesiology & Physiology, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, 1020083, Japan
| | - Can Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, UC Irvine Diabetes Center, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, UC Irvine Diabetes Center, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Linxiu Peng
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinjun Shan
- Medical Metabolomics Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhengxia Liu
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, UC Irvine Diabetes Center, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, UC Irvine Diabetes Center, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lingyi Tang
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, UC Irvine Diabetes Center, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.,Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Peixin Li
- Department of Kinesiology & Physiology, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA.,Department of Comprehensive Surgery, Medical and Health Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 92697, California, USA
| | - Zhuyuan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hu Huang
- Department of Kinesiology & Physiology, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA.
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, UC Irvine Diabetes Center, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
1000
|
Iodine status of postpartum women and their infants in Australia after the introduction of mandatory iodine fortification. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:1656-1662. [PMID: 28789730 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mandatory I fortification in bread was introduced in Australia in 2009 in response to the re-emergence of biochemical I deficiency based on median urinary I concentration (UIC)<100 µg/l. Data on the I status of lactating mothers and their infants in Australia are scarce. The primary aim of this study was to assess the I status, determined by UIC and breast milk I concentration (BMIC), of breast-feeding mothers in South Australia and UIC of their infants. The secondary aim was to assess the relationship between the I status of mothers and their infants. The median UIC of the mothers (n 686) was 125 (interquartile range (IQR) 76-200) µg/l and median BMIC (n 538) was 127 (IQR 84-184) µg/l. In all, 38 and 36 % of the mothers had a UIC and BMIC below 100 µg/l, respectively. The median UIC of infants (n 628) was 198 (IQR 121-296) µg/l, and 17 % had UIC<100 µg/l. Infant UIC was positively associated with maternal UIC (β 0·26; 95 % CI 0·14, 0·37, P<0·001) and BMIC (β 0·85; 95 % CI 0·66, 1·04, P<0·001) at 3 months postpartum after adjustment for gestational age, parity, maternal secondary and further education, BMI category and infant feeding mode. The adjusted OR for infant UIC<100 µg/l was 6·49 (95 % CI 3·80, 11·08, P<0·001) in mothers with BMIC<100 µg/l compared with those with BMIC≥100 µg/l. The I status of mothers and breast-fed infants in South Australia, following mandatory I fortification, is indicative of I sufficiency. BMIC<100 µg/l increased the risk of biochemical I deficiency in breast-fed infants.
Collapse
|