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Genetic Markers of Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030427. [PMID: 36984867 PMCID: PMC10054456 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by impaired insulin secretion on a background of insulin resistance (IR). IR and T2DM are associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). The mechanisms of IR and atherosclerosis are known to share similar genetic and environmental roots. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) detected at the earliest stages of IR might be the origin of atherosclerosis progression. ED influences the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their encoding genes. The genes and their single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) act as potential genetic markers of IR and atherosclerosis. This review focuses on the link between IR, T2DM, atherosclerosis, CAD, and the potential genetic markers CHI3L1, CD36, LEPR, RETN, IL-18, RBP-4, and RARRES2 genes.
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102
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Fleeman RM, Snyder AM, Kuhn MK, Chan DC, Smith GC, Crowley NA, Arnold AC, Proctor EA. Predictive link between systemic metabolism and cytokine signatures in the brain of apolipoprotein E ε4 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 123:154-169. [PMID: 36572594 PMCID: PMC9892258 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ε4 variant of apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the strongest and most common genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the mechanism of conveyed risk is incompletely understood, promotion of inflammation, dysregulated metabolism, and protein misfolding and aggregation are contributors to accelerating disease. Here we determined the concurrent effects of systemic metabolic changes and brain inflammation in young (3-month-old) and aged (18-month-old) male and female mice carrying the APOE4 gene. Using functional metabolic assays alongside multivariate modeling of hippocampal cytokine levels, we found that brain cytokine signatures are predictive of systemic metabolic outcomes, independent of AD proteinopathies. Male and female mice each produce different cytokine signatures as they age and as their systemic metabolic phenotype declines, and these signatures are APOE genotype dependent. Ours is the first study to identify a quantitative and predictive link between systemic metabolism and specific pathological cytokine signatures in the brain. Our results highlight the effects of APOE4 beyond the brain and suggest the potential for bi-directional influence of risk factors in the brain and periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Fleeman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Amanda M Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Madison K Kuhn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Dennis C Chan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Grace C Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Nicole A Crowley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Amy C Arnold
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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103
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Jian L, Wu Q, Min X, Li B, Zhang M, Wu Z, Hu X, Ren Z, Wang Z, Hu Z. GLUT10 is a novel immune regulator involved in lung cancer immune cell infiltration and predicts worse survival when transcriptionally downregulated. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13836. [PMID: 36873535 PMCID: PMC9981930 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10) is encoded by the SLC2A10 gene. Our recent investigations have shown that GLUT10 is not only involved in glucose metabolism but also involved in the body's immune response to cancer cells. However, the role of GLUT10 in tumor prognosis and in tumor immunity has not been reported. Methods We knocked down SLC2A10 and performed transcriptome sequencing to analyse the biological function of GLUT10 and found that GLUT10 may be involved in immune signaling. Then, we studied the expression level of SLC2A10 in cancers by the Oncomine database and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) site. We also evaluated the prognostic potential of SLC2A10 in different cancers using the Kaplan‒Meier plotter database and PrognoScan online software. The correlations between SLC2A10 expression and immune infiltrates were analysed by TIMER. In addition, correlations between SLC2A10 expression and gene marker sets of immune infiltrates were analysed by TIMER and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). Immunofluorescence staining of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and GLUT10 in lung cancer tissue and adjacent tissue was performed to confirm our findings from the database research. Results Knocking down SLC2A10 widely activated immune and inflammatory signaling. SLC2A10 was abnormally expressed in several tumors. The expression level of SLC2A10 was closely correlated with cancer prognosis. Low SLC2A10 expression was related to poorer prognosis and increased malignancy of lung cancer. Lung cancer patients with low expression of SLC2A10 have a much shorter median survival time than patients with high expression of SLC2A10. SLC2A10 expression is closely related to the infiltration of different types of immune cells, particularly macrophages. Both database research and lung cancer sample research revealed that GLUT10 might modulate immune cell infiltration via the COX-2 pathway. Conclusions By transcriptome experiments, database studies, and human sample studies, we found that GLUT10 is a new immune signaling molecule involved in tumor immunity, especially in the immune cell infiltration of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). GLUT10 may modulate the immune cell infiltration of LUAD via the COX-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Jian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinping Min
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongli Ren
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, China
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Lee SR, Jeong SH, Mukae M, Jeong KJ, Kwun HJ, Hong EJ. GLUT4 degradation by GLUTFOURINH® in mice resembles moderate-obese diabetes of human with hyperglycemia and low lipid accumulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166668. [PMID: 36822448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a chronic disease characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. To investigate T2D, genetic and chemical induced hyper-obese rodent models have been experimentally developed. However, establishment of moderate-obese diabetes model will confer diverse opportunities for translational studies. In this study, we found the chemical, GLUTFOURINH® (GFI), induces post-translational degradation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). We aimed to establish novel diabetic model by using GFI. METHODS AND RESULTS Low plasma membrane GLUT4 (pmGLUT4) levels by GFI resulted in reduction of intracellular glucose uptake and TG, and increase of intracellular FFA in A204 cells. Likewise, GFI treatment decreased intracellular TG and increased intracellular FFA levels in Hep3B and 3T3-L1 cells. Mice were administered with GFI (16 mg/kg) for short-term (3-day) and long-term (28- and 31-day) to compared with vehicle injection, HFD model, and T2D model, respectively. Short-term and long-term GFI treatments induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia with low pmGLUT4 levels. Compared to HFD model, long-term GFI with HFD reduced adipose weight and intracellular TG accumulation, but increased plasma FFA. GFI treatment resulted in insulin resistance by showing low QUICKI and high HOMA-IR values, and low insulin response during insulin tolerance test. Additionally, low pmGLUT4 by GFI heightened hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance compared to T2D model. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we report GLUT4 degradation by novel chemical (GFI) induces moderate-obese diabetes representing hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and low intracellular lipid accumulation. The GLUT4 degradation by GFI has translational value for studying diseases related to moderate-obese diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang R Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hee Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Moeka Mukae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Joo Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Kwun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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105
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Aedh AI, Alshahrani MS, Huneif MA, Pryme IF, Oruch R. A Glimpse into Milestones of Insulin Resistance and an Updated Review of Its Management. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040921. [PMID: 36839279 PMCID: PMC9960458 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is the main metabolic regulator of fuel molecules in the diet, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. It does so by facilitating glucose influx from the circulation into the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal myocytes. The outcome of which is subjected to glycogenesis in skeletal muscle and lipogenesis in adipose tissue, as well as in the liver. Therefore, insulin has an anabolic action while, on the contrary, hypoinsulinemia promotes the reverse process. Protein breakdown in myocytes is also encountered during the late stages of diabetes mellitus. The balance of the blood glucose level in physiological conditions is maintained by virtue of the interactive functions of insulin and glucagon. In insulin resistance (IR), the balance is disturbed because glucose transporters (GLUTs) of cell membranes fail to respond to this peptide hormone, meaning that glucose molecules cannot be internalized into the cells, the consequence of which is hyperglycemia. To develop the full state of diabetes mellitus, IR should be associated with the impairment of insulin release from beta-cells of the pancreas. Periodic screening of individuals of high risk, such as those with obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and pregnant nulliparous women in antenatal control, is vital, as these are important checkpoints to detect cases of insulin resistance. This is pivotal as IR can be reversed, provided it is detected in its early stages, through healthy dietary habits, regular exercise, and the use of hypoglycemic agents. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis, preventive methods, and management of IR in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah I. Aedh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 66324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S. Alshahrani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 66324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Huneif
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 66324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ian F. Pryme
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ramadhan Oruch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 66324, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-562144606
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Lopes MFDS, Felix JDS, Scaramele NF, Almeida MC, Furlan ADO, Troiano JA, de Athayde FRF, Lopes FL. Co-expression analysis of lncRNA and mRNA identifies potential adipogenesis regulatory non-coding RNAs involved in the transgenerational effects of tributyltin. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281240. [PMID: 36735680 PMCID: PMC10045570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic is considered a global public health crisis, with an increase in caloric intake, sedentary lifestyles and/or genetic predispositions as contributing factors. Although the positive energy balance is one of the most significant causes of obesity, recent research has linked early exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) such as the obesogen tributyltin (TBT) to the disease epidemic. In addition to their actions on the hormonal profile, EDCs can induce long-term changes in gene expression, possibly due to changes in epigenetic patterns. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are epigenetic mediators that play important regulatory roles in several biological processes, through regulation of gene transcription and/or translation. In this study, we explored the differential expression of lncRNAs in gonadal white adipose tissue samples from adult male C57BL/6J F4 generation, female C57BL/6J offspring exposed (F0 generation) to 50 nM TBT or 0.1% DMSO (control of vehicle) via drinking water provided during pregnancy and lactation, analyzing RNA-seq data from a publicly available dataset (GSE105051). A total of 74 lncRNAs were differentially expressed (DE), 22 were up-regulated and 52 were down-regulated in the group whose F4 ancestor was exposed in utero to 50nM TBT when compared to those exposed to 0.1% DMSO (control). Regulation of DE lncRNAs and their potential partner genes in gonadal white adipose tissue of mice ancestrally exposed to EDC TBT may be related to the control of adipogenesis, as pathway enrichment analyses showed that these gene partners are mainly involved in the metabolism of lipids and glucose and in insulin-related pathways, which are essential for obesity onset and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda da Silva Lopes
- Department of Animal Production and Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Souza Felix
- Department of Animal Production and Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Natália Francisco Scaramele
- Department of Animal Production and Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cordeiro Almeida
- Department of Animal Production and Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Oliveira Furlan
- Department of Animal Production and Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Antonini Troiano
- Department of Animal Production and Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
- Faculdades de Dracena (UNIFADRA–Fundec), Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia Regina Florêncio de Athayde
- Department of Animal Production and Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Flávia Lombardi Lopes
- Department of Animal Production and Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Kitamura H. Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases (USPs) and Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3219. [PMID: 36834633 PMCID: PMC9966627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are reversible processes that modify the characteristics of target proteins, including stability, intracellular localization, and enzymatic activity. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) constitute the largest deubiquitinating enzyme family. To date, accumulating evidence indicates that several USPs positively and negatively affect metabolic diseases. USP22 in pancreatic β-cells, USP2 in adipose tissue macrophages, USP9X, 20, and 33 in myocytes, USP4, 7, 10, and 18 in hepatocytes, and USP2 in hypothalamus improve hyperglycemia, whereas USP19 in adipocytes, USP21 in myocytes, and USP2, 14, and 20 in hepatocytes promote hyperglycemia. In contrast, USP1, 5, 9X, 14, 15, 22, 36, and 48 modulate the progression of diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and/or retinopathy. USP4, 10, and 18 in hepatocytes ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while hepatic USP2, 11, 14, 19, and 20 exacerbate it. The roles of USP7 and 22 in hepatic disorders are controversial. USP9X, 14, 17, and 20 in vascular cells are postulated to be determinants of atherosclerosis. Moreover, mutations in the Usp8 and Usp48 loci in pituitary tumors cause Cushing syndrome. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the modulatory roles of USPs in energy metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kitamura
- Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan
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108
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Karayakali M, Altinoz E, Elbe H, Koca O, Onal MO, Bicer Y, Demir M. Crocin treatment exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in liver tissue damage of pinealectomized diabetic rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:47670-47684. [PMID: 36746856 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with an increasing global prevalence that leads to significant morbidity and mortality. The liver plays a vital role in glycemic regulation in physiological and pathological conditions such as DM. Free radical formation and inhibition of antioxidant defense systems play a role in the liver damage pathogenesis in diabetic patients The antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and radical scavenging properties of crocin are known. This study was designed to determine the possible protective effects of crocin against liver tissue damage in pinealectomized diabetic rats. Sixty rats were divided into six groups: Control, Sham+streptozotocin (STZ), Pinealectomy (PINX), PINX+STZ, PINX+Crocin, and PINX+STZ+Crocin. PNX procedure was carried out on the first day of the experiment. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 50 mg/kg STZ was performed on the 30th day of the experiment to induce DM. Crocin (50 mg/kg; i.p.) was applied for 15 days after the pinealectomy procedure and induction of DM. Crocin decreased the markers (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) of liver damage and increased antioxidant enzyme levels and tissue total antioxidant status. Histological results showed that the administration of crocin exhibited a protective effect against liver damage caused by STZ. These results indicate that crocin evidence protection against liver injury caused by STZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Karayakali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Eyup Altinoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Hulya Elbe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Koca
- Department of Biochemistry, Karabuk University Education and Research Hospital, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Melike Ozgul Onal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Bicer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Demir
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey.
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Tang P, Tang Y, Liu Y, He B, Shen X, Zhang ZJ, Qin DL, Tian J. Quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside Isolated from Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Relieves Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells via the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:219-229. [PMID: 36517007 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For nearly 2000 years, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EUO) has been utilized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) throughout China. Flavonoids present in bark and leaves of EUO are responsible for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-osteoporosis, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties, but the main bioactive compound has not been established yet. In this study, we isolated and identified quercetin glycoside (QAG) from EUO leaves (EUOL) and preliminarily explored its molecular mechanism in improving insulin resistance (IR). The results showed that QAG increased uptake of glucose as well as glycogen production in the palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent way. Further, we observed that QAG increases glucose transporters 2 and 4 (GLUT2 and GLUT4) expression and suppresses the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 at serine612, thus promoting the expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) at tyrosine458 and tyrosine199, as well as protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β at serine473 and serine9, respectively. The influence posed by QAG on the improvement of uptake of glucose was significantly inhibited by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. In addition, the molecular docking result showed that QAG could bind to insulin receptors. In summary, our data established that QAG improved IR as demonstrated by the increased uptake of glucose and glycogen production through a signaling pathway called IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tang
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University.,School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology.,Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
| | - Yan Liu
- Drug Discovery Research Center of Southwest Medical University
| | - Bing He
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
| | - Xin Shen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University.,Department of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | | | - Da-Lian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University.,Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
| | - Ji Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
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Okikawa S, Kashihara H, Shimada M, Yoshikawa K, Tokunaga T, Nishi M, Takasu C, Wada Y, Yoshimoto T. Effect of duodenal-jejunal bypass on diabetes in the early postoperative period. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1856. [PMID: 36726038 PMCID: PMC9892584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic surgery is an effective treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) in a rat model of T2DM during the early postoperative period. A rat model of non-obese T2DM was allocated to two groups: a sham group and a DJB group. On postoperative day 1 (1POD), oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) was performed and the changes of glucose transporter expressions in the small intestine was evaluated. [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18]-FDG) uptake was measured in sham- and DJB-operated rats using positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). DJB improved the glucose tolerance of the rats on 1POD. The expression of sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) was high, and that of GLUT2 was low in the alimentary limb (AL) of rats in the DJB group. PET-CT showed that [18F]-FDG uptake was high in the proximal jejunum of DJB-operated rats. These results may show that DJB improve glucose tolerance in very early postoperative period as the result of glucose accumulation in the AL because of changes in glucose transporter expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Okikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hideya Kashihara
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kozo Yoshikawa
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takuya Tokunaga
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishi
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Chie Takasu
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuma Wada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Yoshimoto
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-Cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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New Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using a Novel Bipyrazole Compound. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020267. [PMID: 36672202 PMCID: PMC9856649 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
2',3,3,5'-Tetramethyl-4'-nitro-2'H-1,3'-bipyrazole (TMNB) is a novel bipyrazole compound with unknown therapeutic potential in diabetes mellitus. This study aims to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of TMNB in a high-fat diet and streptozotocin-(HFD/STZ)-induced rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Rats were fed HFD, followed by a single low dose of STZ (40 mg/kg). HFD/STZ diabetic rats were treated orally with TMNB (10 mg/kg) or (200 mg/kg) metformin for 10 days before terminating the experiment and collecting plasma, soleus muscle, adipose tissue, and liver for further downstream analysis. TMNB reduced the elevated levels of serum glucose in diabetic rats compared to the vehicle control group (p < 0.001). TMNB abrogated the increase in serum insulin in the treated diabetic group compared to the vehicle control rats (p < 0.001). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was decreased in the diabetic rats treated with TMNB compared to the vehicle controls. The skeletal muscle and adipose tissue protein contents of GLUT4 and AMPK were upregulated following treatment with TMNB (p < 0.001, < 0.01, respectively). TMNB was able to upregulate GLUT2 and AMPK protein expression in liver (p < 0.001, < 0.001, respectively). LDL, triglyceride, and cholesterol were reduced in diabetic rats treated with TMNB compared to the vehicle controls (p < 0.001, 0.01, respectively). TMNB reduced MDA and IL-6 levels (p < 0.001), and increased GSH level (p < 0.05) in diabetic rats compared to the vehicle controls. Conclusion: TMNB ameliorates insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation in a T2D model. TMNB could represent a promising therapeutic agent to treat T2D.
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112
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Barrett MR, Scott Davis M. Conditioning-induced expression of novel glucose transporters in canine skeletal muscle homogenate. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285424. [PMID: 37134107 PMCID: PMC10155965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Athletic conditioning can increase the capacity for insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake through increased sarcolemmal expression of GLUT4 and potentially additional novel glucose transporters. We used a canine model that has previously demonstrated conditioning-induced increases in basal, insulin- and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake to identify whether expression of glucose transporters other than GLUT4 was upregulated by athletic conditioning. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from 12 adult Alaskan Husky racing sled dogs before and after a full season of conditioning and racing, and homogenates from those biopsies were assayed for expression of GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4, GLUT6, GLUT8, and GLUT12 using western blots. Athletic conditioning resulted in a 1.31 ± 0.70 fold increase in GLUT1 (p <0.0001), 1.80 ± 1.99 fold increase in GLUT4 (p = 0.005), and 2.46 ± 2.39 fold increase in GLUT12 (p = 0.002). The increased expression of GLUT1 helps explain the previous findings of conditioning-induced increases in basal glucose clearance in this model, and the increase in GLUT12 provides an alternative mechanism for insulin- and contraction-mediated glucose uptake and likely contributes to the substantial conditioning-induced increases in insulin sensitivity in highly trained athletic dogs. Furthermore, these results suggest that athletic dogs can serve as a valuable resource for the study of alternative glucose transport mechanisms in higher mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montana Renae Barrett
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Michael Scott Davis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
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Zhang G, Wang Y, Li R, Peng J, Zhang J, Hu R, Zhang L, Wu Y, Sun Q, Liu C. Sex difference in effects of intermittent heat exposure on hepatic lipid and glucose metabolisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158704. [PMID: 36108838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global climate warming has drawn worldwide attention. However, the health impact of heat exposure is still controversial. This study aimed to explore the exact effects and sex differential vulnerability under intermittent heat exposure (IHE) patterns and tried to elucidate the potential mechanisms by which IHE modulated hepatic lipid and glucose homeostasis. Both female and male C57BL/6 N mice were randomly allocated to control group (22 ± 1 °C) or intermittent heat group (37 ± 1 °C for 6 h) for 9 consecutive days followed by 4-day recovery at 22 ± 1 °C in a whole-body exposure chamber. Male mice, but not female, being influenced by IHE with decreased body weight, improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Next, the levels of hepatic triglyceride (TG) were decreased and free fatty acid (FFA) increased in male mice exposed to intermittent heat, accompanied with upregulated expression of anti-oxidative enzymes in the liver. In addition, IHE led to enhanced lipid catabolism in male mice by inducing fatty acid uptake, lipid lipolysis, mitochondrial/peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and lipid export. And glycolysis and glucose utilization were induced by IHE in male mice as well. Mechanically, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)/insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1)/AMPKα pathways were activated in response to IHE. These findings provide new evidence that IHE sex-dependently enhanced the metabolism of lipid and glucose in male mice through HSP70/IRS1/AMPKα signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yindan Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ran Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Peng
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinna Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renjie Hu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunlu Wu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Magkos F, Reeds DN, Mittendorfer B. Evolution of the diagnostic value of "the sugar of the blood": hitting the sweet spot to identify alterations in glucose dynamics. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:7-30. [PMID: 35635320 PMCID: PMC9576168 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we provide an overview of the evolution of the definition of hyperglycemia during the past century and the alterations in glucose dynamics that cause fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia. We discuss how extensive mechanistic, physiological research into the factors and pathways that regulate the appearance of glucose in the circulation and its uptake and metabolism by tissues and organs has contributed knowledge that has advanced our understanding of different types of hyperglycemia, namely prediabetes and diabetes and their subtypes (impaired fasting plasma glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, combined impaired fasting plasma glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus), their relationships with medical complications, and how to prevent and treat hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Dominic N Reeds
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Peter A, Tajudheen N, Ramamoorthy S. Antidiabetic effect of Borassus flabellifer L. extracts on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BIOMEDICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH JOURNAL (BBRJ) 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_4_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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116
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Islam S, Bhowmik DR, Roy S, Rahman Shuvo MS, Begum R, Hasan M, Amin MT, Ud Daula AFMS, Hossain MS. Musa acuminate seed extract attenuates the risk of obesity and associated inflammation in obese mice via suppression of PPARγ and MCP-1. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12737. [PMID: 36685474 PMCID: PMC9849961 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a severe public health burden and a major component of metabolic syndrome. It is critical to identify treatment medicines for obesity and associated inflammation. We examined the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties of Musa acuminate seeds methanol extract in high-fat diet-induced obesity. Changes in body weight, Lee index, fat mass accumulation, serum cholesterol, and serum triglyceride were monitored. Alteration in the expression of PPARγ, GLUT4, and MCP-1 at the transcript level in adipose tissue was also studied. After tabulation of our data, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) was recorded for body weight gain, and fat mass accumulation followed by significant changes (p < 0.05) in serum cholesterol, and serum triglyceride levels by the extract. In agreement with the biochemical data, the extract was capable enough (p < 0.05) to reduce the mRNA expression of PPARγ, and MCP-1, confirming the ability of the extract to ameliorate the risk of obesity and obesity-associated inflammation. Moreover, an in-silico study showed the high binding affinity of the reported compounds from M. acuminate like Delphinidin, Umbelliferon with COX-2, PPARγ, and MCP-1, supporting the notion of the risk-reducing potential of M.acuminate for obesity and obesity mediated inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Dipty Rani Bhowmik
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sadikur Rahman Shuvo
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Rahima Begum
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Maruful Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Tohidul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - AFM Shahid Ud Daula
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Salim Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
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Ahmad M, Abramovich I, Agranovich B, Nemirovski A, Gottlieb E, Hinden L, Tam J. Kidney Proximal Tubule GLUT2-More than Meets the Eye. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010094. [PMID: 36611887 PMCID: PMC9818791 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulopathy plays a central role in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Under diabetic conditions, the kidney proximal tubule cells (KPTCs) are exposed to an extensive amount of nutrients, most notably glucose; these nutrients deteriorate KPTCs function and promote the development and progression of DKD. Recently, the facilitative glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in KPTCs has emerged as a central regulator in the pathogenesis of DKD. This has been demonstrated by identifying its specific role in enhancing glucose reabsorption and glucotoxicity, and by deciphering its effect in regulating the expression of the sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) in KPTCs. Moreover, reduction/deletion of KPTC-GLUT2 has been recently found to ameliorate DKD, raising the plausible idea of considering it as a therapeutic target against DKD. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which GLUT2 exerts its deleterious effects in KPTCs remain vague. Herein, we review the current findings on the proximal tubule GLUT2 biology and function under physiologic conditions, and its involvement in the pathophysiology of DKD. Furthermore, we shed new light on its cellular regulation during diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdoleen Ahmad
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Ifat Abramovich
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Bella Agranovich
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Alina Nemirovski
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Liad Hinden
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (J.T.); Tel.: +972-2-675-7650 (L.H.); +972-2-675-7645 (J.T.)
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (J.T.); Tel.: +972-2-675-7650 (L.H.); +972-2-675-7645 (J.T.)
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Elevated fasting glucose level increases the risk of fatty liver disease: a 10-year study of 31,154 individuals. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:521. [PMID: 36526962 PMCID: PMC9756490 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dysglycemia promotes the occurrence of fatty liver disease (FLD). However, the process is unclear. This study aimed to analyze the median time-to-onset, cumulative prevalence and influencing factors for the occurrence of FLD in people undergoing routine screening and evaluation. METHODS Data from Karamay Central Hospital (September 2008-April 2017) were analyzed. Survival analysis was performed to calculate the median time and cumulative prevalence of FLD associated with normal and elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine risk factors. RESULTS A total of 31,154 participants were included in the two cohorts of this study, including 15,763 men. The mean age was 41.1 ± 12.2 years. There were 2230 patients (1725 male) in the elevated FBG group, the median age was 53 years (range 21-85 years), the median time-to-onset of FLD was 5.2 years. The incidence of FLD was 121/1000 person-years, and the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-year prevalence rates were 4%, 30%, 49%, and 64%, respectively. The normal FBG group included 28,924 participants (14,038 male), the median age was 40 years (range 17-87 years), and the corresponding values were as follows: 8.3 years, 66/1000 person-years, and 3%, 16%, 28%, and 41%, respectively. The Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that age, blood pressure, FBG, body mass index and triglycerides were independent influencing factors for FLD in individuals (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Elevated FBG levels increase the risk of FLD and should be treated promptly.
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Jing X, Zhou J, Zhang N, Zhao L, Wang S, Zhang L, Zhou F. A Review of the Effects of Puerarin on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms and Opportunities. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233941. [PMID: 36496749 PMCID: PMC9739247 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases, including metabolic syndrome related to sugar and lipid metabolic disorders, are the leading causes of premature death around the world. Novel treatment strategies without undesirable effects are urgently needed. As a natural functional ingredient, puerarin is a promising alternative for the treatment of sugar and lipid metabolic disorders. However, the applications of puerarin are limited due to its poor solubility and short half-life. Various drug delivery systems have been investigated to improve the bioavailability of puerarin. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in the beneficial action of puerarin: suppressing the release of glucose and FFA; regulating the transport of glucose and fatty acids; acting on the PI3K-Akt and AMPK signaling pathways to decrease the synthesis of glucose and fatty acids; acting on the PPAR signaling pathway to promote β-oxidation; and improving insulin secretion and sensitivity. In addition, the preparation technologies used to improve the bioavailability of puerarin are also summarized in this review, in the hope of helping to promote the application of puerarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nanhai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shiran Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liebing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (F.Z.)
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (F.Z.)
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Akerele GP, Adedayo BC, Oboh G, Ademosun AO, Oyeleye SI. Glycemic indices and effect of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) flavored non-alcoholic wheat beer (NAWB) on key carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in high fat diet fed (HFD)/STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14511. [PMID: 36370433 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In a bid to make the use of functional food easier in the management and prevention of diseases, product development and fortification from/with functional foods have become the recent focus of research. This study, therefore, sought to exploit the recent trend in the brewing industry on the production of non-alcoholic beers by investigating the possibility of having a non-alcoholic beer flavored with bitter leaf, a known plant widely reported to have a strong hypoglycemic effect, as against the traditional use of hops, and the effect of the produced beer on the glycemic indices and various diabetic biochemical parameters that serve as biomarkers for type-2 diabetes (T2D). The glycemic indices, as well as the inhibitory potentials of bitter leaf-flavored Non-alcoholic wheat beer (NAWB) in ratios of 100%HP, 100%BL, 75:25BL, 50:50BL, and 25:75BL, on enzymes linked to a high-fat diet/streptozocin (HFD/STZ)-induced T2D albino Wistar rats were investigated. There were no significant difference (p > .05) between the starch (1.72-1.77 mg/100 mL), amylose (0.22-0.24 mg/100 mL), and amylopectin (1.49-1.53 mg/100 mL) contents of the various samples. The Glycemic Index (GI) of the samples ranged from 36 to 73 with 75:25Bl and 50:50BL have the lowest (36) values. The samples reduced blood glucose levels and inhibited pancreatic α-amylase, lipase, and intestinal α-glucosidase activity. The inhibitory potentials of these beer samples on α-amylase and α-glucosidase as well as their ability to reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic rats thus making the bitter leaf flavored NAWB a suitable healthy beverage for better glycemic control in diabetics. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study revealed the potential of producing non-alcoholic wheat beer flavored with bitter leaves as a possible substitute for hops. The potential inherent in bitter leaf in the management of type 2 diabetes can thus be made available through a far-reaching beverage medium such as non-alcoholic beer to help in the treatment/management of T2D. The results of this research could be an eye-opener to the possible utilization of bitter leaf and by extension other plants that have been reported in the management of T2D. The use of the bitter leaf as a substitute for hops in the production of non-alcoholic beer in the brewing industry could help in a health-oriented campaign for safe drinks that could be helpful in the control of blood glucose levels of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbenga P Akerele
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Bukola C Adedayo
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ayokunle O Ademosun
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Sunday I Oyeleye
- Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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McMillin SL, Evans PL, Taylor WM, Weyrauch LA, Sermersheim TJ, Welc SS, Heitmeier MR, Hresko RC, Hruz PW, Koumanov F, Holman GD, Abel ED, Witczak CA. Muscle-Specific Ablation of Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) Does Not Impair Basal or Overload-Stimulated Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1734. [PMID: 36551162 PMCID: PMC9776291 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is believed to solely mediate basal (insulin-independent) glucose uptake in skeletal muscle; yet recent work has demonstrated that mechanical overload, a model of resistance exercise training, increases muscle GLUT1 levels. The primary objective of this study was to determine if GLUT1 is necessary for basal or overload-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. Muscle-specific GLUT1 knockout (mGLUT1KO) mice were generated and examined for changes in body weight, body composition, metabolism, systemic glucose regulation, muscle glucose transporters, and muscle [3H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake ± the GLUT1 inhibitor BAY-876. [3H]-hexose uptake ± BAY-876 was also examined in HEK293 cells-expressing GLUT1-6 or GLUT10. mGLUT1KO mice exhibited no impairments in body weight, lean mass, whole body metabolism, glucose tolerance, basal or overload-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. There was no compensation by the insulin-responsive GLUT4. In mGLUT1KO mouse muscles, overload stimulated higher expression of mechanosensitive GLUT6, but not GLUT3 or GLUT10. In control and mGLUT1KO mouse muscles, 0.05 µM BAY-876 impaired overload-stimulated, but not basal glucose uptake. In the GLUT-HEK293 cells, BAY-876 inhibited glucose uptake via GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4, GLUT6, and GLUT10. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GLUT1 does not mediate basal muscle glucose uptake and suggest that a novel glucose transport mechanism mediates overload-stimulated glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna L. McMillin
- Departments of Kinesiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Parker L. Evans
- Departments of Kinesiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - William M. Taylor
- Departments of Kinesiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Luke A. Weyrauch
- Departments of Kinesiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Tyler J. Sermersheim
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Steven S. Welc
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Monique R. Heitmeier
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Richard C. Hresko
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Paul W. Hruz
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey D. Holman
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Carol A. Witczak
- Departments of Kinesiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Dewanjee S, Chakraborty P, Bhattacharya H, Chacko L, Singh B, Chaudhary A, Javvaji K, Pradhan SR, Vallamkondu J, Dey A, Kalra RS, Jha NK, Jha SK, Reddy PH, Kandimalla R. Altered glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:134-157. [PMID: 36206930 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism is largely present in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The brain utilizes glucose as its main energy source and a decline in its metabolism directly reflects on brain function. Weighing on recent evidence, here we systematically assessed the aberrant glucose metabolism associated with amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau accumulation in AD brain. Interlink between insulin signaling and AD highlighted the involvement of the IRS/PI3K/Akt/AMPK signaling, and GLUTs in the disease progression. While shedding light on the mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective glucose metabolism, we further assessed functional consequences of AGEs (advanced glycation end products) accumulation, polyol activation, and other contributing factors including terminal respiration, ROS (reactive oxygen species), mitochondrial permeability, PINK1/parkin defects, lysosome-mitochondrial crosstalk, and autophagy/mitophagy. Combined with the classic plaque and tangle pathologies, glucose hypometabolism with acquired insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction potentiate these factors to exacerbate AD pathology. To this end, we further reviewed AD and DM (diabetes mellitus) crosstalk in disease progression. Taken together, the present work discusses the emerging role of altered glucose metabolism, contributing impact of insulin signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective cerebral glucose utilization in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Hiranmoy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Leena Chacko
- BioAnalytical Lab, Meso Scale Discovery, 1601 Research Blvd, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Birbal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Station, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupama Chaudhary
- Orinin-BioSystems, LE-52, Lotus Road 4, CHD City, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Kalpana Javvaji
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India
| | | | | | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- Immune Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 9040495, Japan
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neurology Departments School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India; Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, India.
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Huang CF, Tiao MM, Lin IC, Huang LT, Sheen JM, Tain YL, Hsu CN, Tsai CC, Lin YJ, Yu HR. Maternal Metformin Treatment Reprograms Maternal High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Offspring Associated with Placental Glucose Transporter Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214239. [PMID: 36430717 PMCID: PMC9694630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal high-fat (HF) diet exposure in utero may affect fetal development and cause metabolic problems throughout life due to lipid dysmetabolism and oxidative damage. Metformin has been suggested as a potential treatment for body weight reduction and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, but its reprogramming effect on offspring is undetermined. This study assesses the effects of maternal metformin treatment on hepatic steatosis in offspring caused by maternal HF diet. Female rats were fed either a control or an HF diet before conception, with or without metformin treatment during gestation, and placenta and fetal liver tissues were collected. In another experiment, the offspring were fed a control diet until 120 d (adult stage). Metformin treatment during pregnancy ameliorates placental oxidative stress and enhances placental glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), GLUT3, and GLUT4 expression levels through 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Maternal metformin treatment was shown to reprogram maternal HF diet-induced changes in offspring fatty liver with the effects observed in adulthood as well. Further validation is required to develop maternal metformin therapy for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Fu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chou Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (ext. 8713)
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Temre MK, Kumar A, Singh SM. An appraisal of the current status of inhibition of glucose transporters as an emerging antineoplastic approach: Promising potential of new pan-GLUT inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1035510. [PMID: 36386187 PMCID: PMC9663470 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1035510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic cells displayed altered metabolism with accelerated glycolysis. Therefore, these cells need a mammoth supply of glucose for which they display an upregulated expression of various glucose transporters (GLUT). Thus, novel antineoplastic strategies focus on inhibiting GLUT to intersect the glycolytic lifeline of cancer cells. This review focuses on the current status of various GLUT inhibition scenarios. The GLUT inhibitors belong to both natural and synthetic small inhibitory molecules category. As neoplastic cells express multiple GLUT isoforms, it is necessary to use pan-GLUT inhibitors. Nevertheless, it is also necessary that such pan-GLUT inhibitors exert their action at a low concentration so that normal healthy cells are left unharmed and minimal injury is caused to the other vital organs and systems of the body. Moreover, approaches are also emerging from combining GLUT inhibitors with other chemotherapeutic agents to potentiate the antineoplastic action. A new pan-GLUT inhibitor named glutor, a piperazine-one derivative, has shown a potent antineoplastic action owing to its inhibitory action exerted at nanomolar concentrations. The review discusses the merits and limitations of the existing GLUT inhibitory approach with possible future outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithlesh Kumar Temre
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Deparment of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sukh Mahendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Bibiloni P, Pomar CA, Palou A, Sánchez J, Serra F. miR-222 exerts negative regulation on insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biofactors 2022; 49:365-378. [PMID: 36310379 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Increased miR-222 levels are associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Moreover, rats fed an obesogenic diet during lactation have higher miR-222 content in breast milk and the offspring display greater body fat mass and impaired insulin sensitivity in adulthood. In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved and to dissect the specific effects of miR-222 on adipocytes, transfection with a mimic or an inhibitor of miR-222 has been conducted on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells were transfected with either a mimic or an inhibitor of miR-222 and collected after 2 days (preadipocytes) or 8 days (mature adipocytes) for transcriptomic analysis. Results showed a relevant impact on pathways associated with insulin signaling, lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. Outcomes in key genes and proteins were further analyzed with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western Blotting, respectively, which displayed a general inhibition in important effectors of the identified routes under miR-222 mimic treatment in preadipocytes. Although to a lesser extent, this overall signature was maintained in differentiated adipocytes. Altogether, miR-222 exerts a direct effect in metabolic pathways of 3T3-L1 adipocytes that are relevant to adipocyte function, limiting adipogenesis and insulin signaling pathways, offering a mechanistic explanation for its reported association with metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Bibiloni
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, IdISBa, Palma, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina A Pomar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, IdISBa, Palma, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, IdISBa, Palma, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Sánchez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, IdISBa, Palma, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, IdISBa, Palma, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Afolabi OA, Alabi BA, Oluranti O. Diet-induced insulin resistance altered cardiac GLUT4 and FATP/CD36 expression in rats. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Altered substrate transport protein expression is central to the effect of insulin resistance on cardiac metabolism. The present study was thus designed to investigate the comparative effects of high fat, high sucrose and salt-induced IR on cardiac expression of fatty acid transporter (FATP) and glucose transporter (GLUT4) in rats.
Results
Rats fed with high fat, high sucrose and salt diets developed impaired glucose tolerance (p > 0.05) and hyperinsulinemia (p < 0.05) compared with control group. Myocardial glucose transporter expression was significantly increased (p < 0.001 for salt-induced IR; p < 0.01 for sucrose-induced IR; p < 0.01 for fat-induced IR) across all IR groups compared with control. Fatty acid transporter expression was also increased (p < 0.001) in high salt diet-induced IR rats, and high fat diet-induced IR rats (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that salt and not caloric excess has a potential role in IR alteration of myocardial substrate transport protein expression in the rat.
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Abudujilile D, Wang W, Aimaier A, Chang L, Dong Y, Wang Y, Fan X, Ma Y, Wang Y, Ziyayiding D, Ma Y, Lv J, Li J. Cistanche tubulosa phenylethanoid glycosides suppressed adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and improved obesity and insulin resistance in high-fat diet induced obese mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:270. [PMID: 36229811 PMCID: PMC9564091 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cistanche tubulosa is an editable and medicinal traditional Chinese herb and phenylethanoid glycosides are its major components, which have shown various beneficial effects such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidant and neuroprotective activities. However, the anti-obesity effect of C. tubulosa phenylethanoid glycosides (CTPG) and their regulatory effect on gut microbiota are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated its anti-obesity effect and regulatory effect on gut microbiota by 3T3-L1 cell model and obesity mouse model. Methods 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used to evaluate CTPG effects on adipogenesis and lipids accumulation. Insulin resistant 3T3-L1 cells were induced and used to measure CTPG effects on glucose consumption and insulin sensitivity. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6 obese mice were used to investigate CTPG effects on fat deposition, glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and intestinal microorganism. Results In vitro data showed that CTPG significantly decreased the triglyceride (TG) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) contents of the differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner without cytotoxicity, and high concentration (100 µg/ml) of CTPG treatment dramatically suppressed the level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. Meanwhile, CTPG increased glucose consumption and decreased NEFA level in insulin resistant 3T3-L1 cells. We further found that CTPG protected mice from the development of obesity by inhibiting the expansion of adipose tissue and adipocyte hypertrophy, and improved hepatic steatosis by activating AMPKα to reduce hepatic fat accumulation. CTPG ameliorated HFD-induced hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, inflammation and insulin resistance by activating IRS1/Akt/GLUT4 insulin signaling pathway in white adipose tissue. Moreover, gut microbiota structure and metabolic functions in HFD-induced obese mice was changed by CTPG, especially short chain fatty acids-producing bacteria including Blautia, Roseburia, Butyrivibrio and Bacteriodes were significantly increased by CTPG treatment. Conclusions CTPG effectively suppressed adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and ameliorated HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance through activating AMPKα and IRS1/AKT/GLUT4 signaling pathway and regulating the composition and metabolic functions of gut microbiota. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03743-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilinazi Abudujilile
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Weilan Wang
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Alimu Aimaier
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Lili Chang
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Yuliang Dong
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Yiye Wang
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Xu Fan
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Yu Ma
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Yongli Wang
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Dilinigeer Ziyayiding
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Yuan Ma
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Jie Lv
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
| | - Jinyao Li
- grid.413254.50000 0000 9544 7024Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017 China
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Wang J, Wang M, Shao J, Liu Z, Fu C, Chen G, Zhao K, Li H, Sun W, Jia X, Chen S, Lai S. Combined analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs and miRNAs in liver tissues of high-fat fed rabbits by transcriptome sequencing. Front Genet 2022; 13:1000574. [PMID: 36276943 PMCID: PMC9585185 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet could lead to a series of metabolic diseases, including obesity, and its mechanism is not clear. In this study, the rabbit individuals were fed with high-fat diet, the liver tissues were collected, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to reveal the expression of lncRNA and miRNA difference, and the molecular regulation mechanism of lncRNA-miRNA. A total of 24,615 DE lncRNAs and 52 DE miRNAs were identified, including 15 novel discovered DE miRNAs (5 upregulated and 10 downregulated). Furthermore, five miRNAs and three mRNAs were verified by qRT-PCR, and the results showed that the expression of the DE miRNAs and DE lncRNAs in the two groups was consistent with our sequencing results. GO and KEGG analyzed 7,57,139 target genes respectively, enriching the pathways related to lipid metabolism, including mucin O-glycan biosynthesis pathway, insulin resistance and glucagon signaling pathway. Moreover, 65 targeting relationships were obtained. Among them, LOC103348122/miR-450a-5p, LOC103350359/miR-450a-3p and LOC103350429/miR-148a-5p were proposed the first time. Significantly, LOC103348122/miR-450a-5p and LOC103350429/miR-148a-5p were related to lipid metabolism in the liver. This study is of great significance to the CeRNA regulatory network related to lipid metabolism in the liver of rabbits, and provides a basis for understanding hepatic steatosis in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meigui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiahao Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheliang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chong Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guanhe Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaisen Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianbo Jia
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Songjia Lai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Songjia Lai,
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Huang Y, Gong Y, Liu Y, Lu J. Global trends and hot topics in electrical stimulation of skeletal muscle research over the past decade: A bibliometric analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:991099. [PMID: 36277916 PMCID: PMC9581161 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.991099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past decade, numerous advances have been made in the research on electrical stimulation of skeletal muscle. However, the developing status and future direction of this field remain unclear. This study aims to visualize the evolution and summarize global research hot topics and trends based on quantitative and qualitative evidence from bibliometrics. Methods Literature search was based on the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from 2011 to 2021. CiteSpace and VOSviewer, typical bibliometric tools, were used to perform analysis and visualization. Results A total of 3,059 documents were identified. The number of literature is on the rise in general. Worldwide, researchers come primarily from North America and Europe, represented by the USA, France, Switzerland, and Canada. The Udice French Research Universities is the most published affiliation. Millet GY and Maffiuletti NA are the most prolific and the most co-cited authors, respectively. Plos One is the most popular journal, and the Journal of Applied Physiology is the top co-cited journal. The main keywords are muscle fatigue, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, spinal cord injury, tissue engineering, and atrophy. Moreover, this study systematically described the hotspots in this field. Conclusion As the first bibliometric analysis of electrical stimulation of skeletal muscle research over the past decade, this study can help scholars recognize hot topics and trends and provide a reference for further exploration in this field.
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Yao M, Xu F, Yao Y, Wang H, Ju X, Wang L. Assessment of Novel Oligopeptides from Rapeseed Napin ( Brassica napus) in Protecting HepG2 Cells from Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12418-12429. [PMID: 36129441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oligopeptides (Thr-His-Leu-Pro-Lys (THLPK), His-Pro-Leu-Lys (HPLK), Leu-Pro-Lys (LPK), His-Leu-Lys (HLK), and Leu-His-Lys (LHK)) are newly identified from rapeseed napin (Brassica napus) protein-derived hydrolysates with the capability of upregulating glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) expression and translocation. However, whether each of them enhances GLUT4 expression and translocation and their specific mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we assess the effects of the oligopeptides against insulin resistance (IR) and oxidative stress in hepatocytes and screen out the most antidiabetic one. Specifically, compared with other oligopeptides, LPK not only remarkably elevated glucose consumption to 8.45 mmol/L protein; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to 319 U/mg protein; GLUT4 expression and translocation; and phosphorylated level of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) (P < 0.05) but also remarkably attenuated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level to 2255, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity to 20.5 U/mg protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) content to 241 nmol/mg protein, and NO content to 1302 μmol/mL protein (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrated that antidiabetic oligopeptide LPK possessed the most potential to protect HepG2 cells from IR and oxidative stress via activating IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 and regulating common oxidative markers in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feiran Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei230009, Anhui, China
| | - Yijun Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiou Wang
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing210017, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingrong Ju
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing210023, Jiangsu, China
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Livingstone R, Bryant NJ, Boyle JG, Petrie JR, Gould G. Diabetes is accompanied by changes in the levels of proteins involved in endosomal
GLUT4
trafficking in obese human skeletal muscle. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2022; 5:e361. [PMID: 35964329 PMCID: PMC9471587 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The regulated delivery of the glucose transporter GLUT4 from intracellular stores to the plasma membrane underpins insulin‐stimulated glucose transport. Insulin‐stimulated glucose transport is impaired in skeletal muscle of patients with type‐2 diabetes, and this may arise because of impaired intracellular trafficking of GLUT4. However, molecular details of any such impairment have not been described. We hypothesized that GLUT4 and/or levels of proteins involved in intracellular GLUT4 trafficking may be impaired in skeletal muscle in type‐2 diabetes and tested this in obese individuals without and without type‐2 diabetes. Methods We recruited 12 participants with type‐2 diabetes and 12 control participants. All were overweight or obese with BMI of 25–45 kg/m2. Insulin sensitivity was measured using an insulin suppression test (IST), and vastus lateralis biopsies were taken in the fasted state. Cell extracts were immunoblotted to quantify levels of a range of proteins known to be involved in intracellular GLUT4 trafficking. Results Obese participants with type‐2 diabetes exhibited elevated fasting blood glucose and increased steady state glucose infusion rates in the IST compared with controls. Consistent with this, skeletal muscle from those with type‐2 diabetes expressed lower levels of GLUT4 (30%, p = .014). Levels of Syntaxin4, a key protein involved in GLUT4 vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane, were similar between groups. By contrast, we observed reductions in levels of Syntaxin16 (33.7%, p = 0.05), Sortilin (44%, p = .006) and Sorting Nexin‐1 (21.5%, p = .039) and −27 (60%, p = .001), key proteins involved in the intracellular sorting of GLUT4, in participants with type‐2 diabetes. Conclusions We report significant reductions of proteins involved in the endosomal trafficking of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle in obese people with type 2 diabetes compared with age‐ and weight‐matched controls. These abnormalities of intracellular GLUT4 trafficking may contribute to reduced whole body insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Livingstone
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | | | | | - John R. Petrie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Gwyn W. Gould
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
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LIU X, CHENG C, DENG B, LIU M. Ellagic acid attenuates muscle atrophy in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Physiol Res 2022; 71:631-641. [PMID: 36047725 PMCID: PMC9841811 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is closely connected with skeletal muscle dysfunction. Ellagic acid (EA) possesses a variety of bio-effects and is applied to the improvement of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential improvement effect and mechanisms of EA in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic muscle atrophy. The model of diabetic mice was established by intra-peritoneal STZ to evaluate treatment effect of EA (100 mg/kg/d for 8 weeks) on muscle atrophy. Our data exhibited that EA enhanced fiber size and weight of gastrocnemius, and promoted grip strength to relieve STZ-induced muscle lesions. In serum, the levels of Creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) were inhibited, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) level was enhanced by EA treatment in diabetic mice. In gastrocnemius, EA decreased Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expressions to relieve STZ-induced muscle atrophy. Moreover, EA increased NRF-1 and PGC-1alpha expressions to alleviate mitochondrial disorder. Meanwhile, EA suppressed CHOP and GRP-87 levels to relieve ER stress. Lastly, EA inhibited BAX expressions and enhanced Bcl-2 expressions to mitigate apoptosis. In conclusion, EA is preventing the event of STZ-induced gastrocnemia by amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress and apoptosis, and could be used in the protection and therapeutic of muscle atrophy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchu LIU
- Institute of Physical Culture, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China
| | - Changhao CHENG
- Institute of Physical Culture, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China
| | - Beiwang DENG
- Institute of Physical Culture, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China
| | - Ming LIU
- Faculty of Science, College of Furong, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China
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133
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Sharari S, Kabeer B, Mohammed I, Haris B, Pavlovski I, Hawari I, Bhat AA, Toufiq M, Tomei S, Mathew R, Syed N, Nisar S, Maacha S, Grivel JC, Chaussabel D, Ericsson J, Hussain K. Understanding the Role of GLUT2 in Dysglycemia Associated with Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092114. [PMID: 36140215 PMCID: PMC9495670 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi−Bickel Syndrome (FBS) is a rare disorder of carbohydrate metabolism that is characterized by the accumulation of glycogen mainly in the liver. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner due to mutations in the SLC2A2 gene. SLC2A2 encodes for the glucose transporter GLUT2 and is expressed in tissues that are involved in glucose homeostasis. The molecular mechanisms of dysglycemia in FBS are still not clearly understood. In this study, we report two cases of FBS with classical phenotypes of FBS associated with dysglycemia. Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed by whole-genome and Sanger sequencing, and patient PBMCs were used for molecular analysis. One patient had an exonic SLC2A2 mutation (c.1093C>T in exon 9, R365X), while the other patient had a novel intronic SLC2A2 mutation (c.613-7T>G). Surprisingly, the exonic mutation resulted in the overexpression of dysfunctional GLUT2, resulting in the dysregulated expression of other glucose transporters. The intronic mutation did not affect the coding sequence of GLUT2, its expression, or glucose transport activity. However, it was associated with the expression of miRNAs correlated with type 1 diabetes mellitus, with a particular significant overexpression of hsa-miR-29a-3p implicated in insulin production and secretion. Our findings suggest that SLC2A2 mutations cause dysglycemia in FBS either by a direct effect on GLUT2 expression and/or activity or, indirectly, by the dysregulated expression of miRNAs implicated in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Sharari
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | | | - Idris Mohammed
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Basma Haris
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | | | - Iman Hawari
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | | | | | - Sara Tomei
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | | | - Najeeb Syed
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | - Selma Maacha
- Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
| | | | | | - Johan Ericsson
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 D4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
- Correspondence:
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134
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Østergård Jensen S, Christen M, Rondahl V, Holland CT, Jagannathan V, Leeb T, Giger U. EHBP1L1 Frameshift Deletion in English Springer Spaniel Dogs with Dyserythropoietic Anemia and Myopathy Syndrome (DAMS) or Neonatal Losses. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091533. [PMID: 36140701 PMCID: PMC9498568 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary myopathies are well documented in dogs, whereas hereditary dyserythropoietic anemias are rarely seen. The aim of this study was to further characterize the clinical and clinicopathological features of and to identify the causative genetic variant for a dyserythropoietic anemia and myopathy syndrome (DAMS) in English springer spaniel dogs (ESSPs). Twenty-six ESSPs, including five dogs with DAMS and two puppies that died perinatally, were studied. Progressive weakness, muscle atrophy—particularly of the temporal and pelvic muscles—trismus, dysphagia, and regurgitation due to megaesophagus were observed at all ages. Affected dogs had a non-regenerative, microcytic hypochromic anemia with metarubricytosis, target cells, and acanthocytes. Marked erythroid hyperplasia and dyserythropoiesis with non-orderly maturation of erythrocytes and inappropriate microcytic metarubricytosis were present. Muscle biopsies showed centralized nuclei, central pallor, lipocyte infiltrates, and fibrosis, which was consistent with centronuclear myopathy. The genome sequencing of two affected dogs was compared to 782 genomes of different canine breeds. A homozygous frameshift single-base deletion in EHBP1L1 was identified; this gene was not previously associated with DAMS. Pedigree analysis confirmed that the affected ESSPs were related. Variant genotyping showed appropriate complete segregation in the family, which was consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. This study expands the known genotype–phenotype correlation of EHBP1L1 and the list of potential causative genes in dyserythropoietic anemias and myopathies in humans. EHBP1L1 deficiency was previously reported as perinatally lethal in humans and knockout mice. Our findings enable the genetic testing of ESSP dogs for early diagnosis and disease prevention through targeted breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Østergård Jensen
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- AniCura Small Animal Referral Hospital Bagarmossen, Ljusnevägen 17, Bagarmossen, 128 48 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Christen
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Christopher T. Holland
- Merewether Veterinary Hospital, Suite 2, 25 Llewellyn St, Merewether, NSW 2291, Australia
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Giger
- Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-610-565-1427
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135
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Pruett JE, Everman SJ, Hoang NH, Salau F, Taylor LC, Edwards KS, Hosler JP, Huffman AM, Romero DG, Yanes Cardozo LL. Mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in white adipose tissue in a rat model of PCOS: effect of SGLT2 inhibition. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:45. [PMID: 35986388 PMCID: PMC9389812 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by androgen excess and ovulatory dysfunction, is associated with a high prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in women. We demonstrated that sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) administration decreases fat mass without affecting IR in the PCOS model. In male models of IR, administration of SGLT2i decreases oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial function in white adipose tissue (WAT). Therefore, we hypothesized that SGLT2i reduces adiposity via improvement in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in WAT in PCOS model. Methods Four-week-old female rats were treated with dihydrotestosterone for 90 days (PCOS model), and SGLT2i (empagliflozin) was co-administered during the last 3 weeks. Body composition was measured before and after SGLT2i treatment by EchoMRI. Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) WAT were collected for histological and molecular studies at the end of the study. Results PCOS model had an increase in food intake, body weight, body mass index, and fat mass/lean mass ratio compared to the control group. SGLT2i lowered fat mass/lean ratio in PCOS. Glucosuria was observed in both groups, but had a larger magnitude in controls. The net glucose balance was similar in both SGLT2i-treated groups. The PCOS SAT had a higher frequency of small adipocytes and a lower frequency of large adipocytes. In SAT of controls, SGLT2i increased frequencies of small and medium adipocytes while decreasing the frequency of large adipocytes, and this effect was blunted in PCOS. In VAT, PCOS had a lower frequency of small adipocytes while SGLT2i increased the frequency of small adipocytes in PCOS. PCOS model had decreased mitochondrial content in SAT and VAT without impacting oxidative stress in WAT or the circulation. SGLT2i did not modify mitochondrial function or oxidative stress in WAT in both treated groups. Conclusions Hyperandrogenemia in PCOS causes expansion of WAT, which is associated with decreases in mitochondrial content and function in SAT and VAT. SGLT2i increases the frequency of small adipocytes in VAT only without affecting mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, or IR in the PCOS model. SGLT2i decreases adiposity independently of adipose mitochondrial and oxidative stress mechanisms in the PCOS model. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13293-022-00455-x. Androgen excess in PCOS model is associated with decreased markers of mitochondrial content in both subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue. Androgen excess in PCOS model is associated with increased frequency of small adipocytes in subcutaneous white adipose tissue while decreasing frequency of small adipocytes in visceral white adipose tissue. SGLT2 inhibition did not modify markers of mitochondrial content or oxidative stress in either subcutaneous or visceral white adipose tissue in PCOS model. SGLT2 inhibition increased frequency of small adipocytes in both subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue in control rats; however, SGLT2 inhibition only increased frequency of small adipocytes in visceral white adipose tissue in PCOS model.
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136
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Frohlich J, Kovacovicova K, Raffaele M, Virglova T, Cizkova E, Kucera J, Bienertova-Vasku J, Wabitsch M, Peyrou M, Bonomini F, Rezzani R, Chaldakov GN, Tonchev AB, Di Rosa M, Blavet N, Hejret V, Vinciguerra M. GDF11 inhibits adipogenesis and improves mature adipocytes metabolic function via WNT/β-catenin and ALK5/SMAD2/3 pathways. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13310. [PMID: 35920128 PMCID: PMC9528760 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective GDF11 is a member of the TGF‐β superfamily that was recently implicated as potential “rejuvenating” factor, which can ameliorate metabolic disorders. The main objective of the presented study was to closely characterize the role of GDF11 signaling in the glucose homeostasis and in the differentiation of white adipose tissue. Methods We performed microscopy imaging, biochemical and transcriptomic analyses of adipose tissues of 9 weeks old ob/ob mice and murine and human pre‐adipocyte cell lines. Results Our in vivo experiments employing GDF11 treatment in ob/ob mice showed improved glucose/insulin homeostasis, decreased weight gain and white adipocyte size. Furthermore, GDF11 treatment inhibited adipogenesis in pre‐adipocytes by ALK5‐SMAD2/3 activation in cooperation with the WNT/β‐catenin pathway, whose inhibition resulted in adipogenic differentiation. Lastly, we observed significantly elevated levels of the adipokine hormone adiponectin and increased glucose uptake by mature adipocytes upon GDF11 exposure. Conclusion We show evidence that link GDF11 to adipogenic differentiation, glucose, and insulin homeostasis, which are pointing towards potential beneficial effects of GDF11‐based “anti‐obesity” therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frohlich
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Kovacovicova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Psychogenics Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Marco Raffaele
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Virglova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Cizkova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kucera
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julie Bienertova-Vasku
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathological Physiology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marion Peyrou
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red "Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición", Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Bonomini
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Interdepartmental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Interdepartmental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - George N Chaldakov
- Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Anton B Tonchev
- Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolas Blavet
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Hejret
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Center for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
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Thomalla M, Schmid A, Hehner J, Koehler S, Neumann E, Müller-Ladner U, Schäffler A, Karrasch T. Toll-like Receptor 7 (TLR7) Is Expressed in Adipocytes and the Pharmacological TLR7 Agonist Imiquimod and Adipocyte-Derived Cell-Free Nucleic Acids (cfDNA) Regulate Adipocyte Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158475. [PMID: 35955609 PMCID: PMC9369246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosome-localized Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3 and 9 are expressed and functionally active in adipocytes. The functionality and role of TLR7 in adipocyte biology and innate immunity of adipose tissue (AT) is poorly characterized. We analyzed TLR7 mRNA and protein expression in murine 3T3-L1 and primary adipocytes, in co-cultures of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with murine J774A.1 monocytes and in human AT. The effects of TLR7 agonists imiquimod (IMQ) and cell-free nucleic acids (cfDNA) on adipokine concentration in cell-culture supernatants and gene expression profile were investigated. We found that TLR7 expression is strongly induced during adipocyte differentiation. TLR7 gene expression in adipocytes and AT stroma-vascular cells (SVC) seems to be independent of TLR9. IMQ downregulates resistin concentration in adipocyte cell-culture supernatants and modulates gene expression of glucose transporter Glut4. Adipocyte-derived cfDNA reduces adiponectin and resistin in cell-culture supernatants and potentially inhibits Glut4 gene expression. The responsiveness of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to imiquimod is preserved in co-culture with J774A.1 monocytes. Obesity-related, adipocyte-derived cfDNA engages adipocytic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), modulating AT immune and metabolic homeostasis during adipose inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Thomalla
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Julia Hehner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Sebastian Koehler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Elena Neumann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; (E.N.); (U.M.-L.)
| | - Ulf Müller-Ladner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Campus Kerckhoff, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; (E.N.); (U.M.-L.)
| | - Andreas Schäffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Thomas Karrasch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Gießen, Germany; (M.T.); (A.S.); (J.H.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Vitale SG, Fulghesu AM, Mikuš M, Watrowski R, D’Alterio MN, Lin LT, Shah M, Reyes-Muñoz E, Sathyapalan T, Angioni S. The Translational Role of miRNA in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: From Bench to Bedside—A Systematic Literature Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081816. [PMID: 36009364 PMCID: PMC9405312 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that are essential for the regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression during tissue development and differentiation. They are involved in the regulation of manifold metabolic and hormonal processes and, within the female reproductive tract, in oocyte maturation and folliculogenesis. Altered miRNA levels have been observed in oncological and inflammatory diseases, diabetes or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Therefore, miRNAs are proving to be promising potential biomarkers. In women with PCOS, circulating miRNAs can be obtained from whole blood, serum, plasma, urine, and follicular fluid. Our systematic review summarizes data from 2010–2021 on miRNA expression in granulosa and theca cells; the relationship between miRNAs, hormonal changes, glucose and lipid metabolism in women with PCOS; and the potential role of altered miRNAs in fertility (oocyte quality) in PCOS. Furthermore, we discuss miRNAs as a potential therapeutic target in PCOS and as a diagnostic marker for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Giovanni Vitale
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Fulghesu
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.M.F.); (M.N.D.)
| | - Mislav Mikuš
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Rafał Watrowski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Maurizio Nicola D’Alterio
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.M.F.); (M.N.D.)
| | - Li-Te Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City 81362, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Pei-Tou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70 Lienhai Rd., Kaohsiung City 80424, Taiwan
| | - Mohsin Shah
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan;
| | - Enrique Reyes-Muñoz
- Department of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico;
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
| | - Stefano Angioni
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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139
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Huang CH, Lin CH, Huang HH, Tsai GJ. Development of Fermented Shrimp Shell Product with Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects on Diabetic Rats. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080695. [PMID: 35893262 PMCID: PMC9332839 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, approximately 9.3 billion tons of crustaceans were consumed, and 45–48% of shrimp shell (SS) by-products were discarded as waste. In this study, the SS of Litopenaeus vannamei was fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum LV33204, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia LV2122 (strong proteolytic activity), and Aeromonas dhakensis LV1111 (chitin-degrading activity), and the optimal fermentation conditions of liquid-fermented SS was established. Contents of total peptide, astaxanthin, and total phenolic content of the fermented SS were significantly higher than that of unfermented SS. In the presence of fermented SS, glucose uptake and insulin resistance of TNF-α-stimulated FL83B hepatocytes were markedly improved. Furthermore, daily oral supplement of fermented SS to streptozotocin (STZ)/nicotinamide (NA)-induced diabetic rats for 7 weeks significantly reduced plasma glucose and insulin resistance. Meanwhile, ingestion of fermented SS might enhance hepatic catabolism of glucose by increasing hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and decreasing glucose-6-phosphatase activity. In addition, the fermented SS downregulated plasma total cholesterol (TG), triglycerides (TCs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), liver TG, and TC and lipid peroxidation levels in diabetic rats. In conclusion, a biorefinery process for waste SS was established through mixed strain fermentation. The in vitro and in vivo data reveal that the fermented SS is a promising functional food for the management of diabetic hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-H.H.)
| | - Chih-Heng Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-H.H.)
| | - Hsiao-Han Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (C.-H.L.); (H.-H.H.)
| | - Guo-Jane Tsai
- Center for Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Kumar R, García-Compeán D, Maji T. Hepatogenous diabetes: Knowledge, evidence, and skepticism. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1291-1306. [PMID: 36158904 PMCID: PMC9376767 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i7.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The diabetogenic potential of liver cirrhosis (LC) has been known for a long time, and the name "hepatogenous diabetes" (HD) was coined in 1906 to define the condition. Diabetes mellitus (DM) that develops as a consequence of LC is referred to as HD. In patients with LC, the prevalence rates of HD have been reported to vary from 21% to 57%. The pathophysiological basis of HD seems to involve insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. The neurohormonal changes, endotoxemia, and chronic inflammation of LC initially create IR; however, the toxic effects eventually lead to β-cell dysfunction, which marks the transition from impaired glucose tolerance to HD. In addition, a number of factors, including sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, gut dysbiosis, and hyperammonemia, have recently been linked to impaired glucose metabolism in LC. DM is associated with complications and poor outcomes in patients with LC, although the individual impact of each type 2 DM and HD is unknown due to a lack of categorization of diabetes in most published research. In fact, there is much skepticism within scientific organizations over the recognition of HD as a separate disease and a consequence of LC. Currently, T2DM and HD are being treated in a similar manner although no standardized guidelines are available. The different pathophysiological basis of HD may have an impact on treatment options. This review article discusses the existence of HD as a distinct entity with high prevalence rates, a strong pathophysiological basis, clinical and therapeutic implications, as well as widespread skepticism and knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, Bihar, India
| | - Diego García-Compeán
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, México, Monterrey 64700, México
| | - Tanmoy Maji
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 801507, Bihar, India
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de Assis LVM, Harder L, Lacerda JT, Parsons R, Kaehler M, Cascorbi I, Nagel I, Rawashdeh O, Mittag J, Oster H. Rewiring of liver diurnal transcriptome rhythms by triiodothyronine (T 3) supplementation. eLife 2022; 11:79405. [PMID: 35894384 PMCID: PMC9391036 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diurnal (i.e., 24 hr) physiological rhythms depend on transcriptional programs controlled by a set of circadian clock genes/proteins. Systemic factors like humoral and neuronal signals, oscillations in body temperature, and food intake align physiological circadian rhythms with external time. Thyroid hormones (THs) are major regulators of circadian clock target processes such as energy metabolism, but little is known about how fluctuations in TH levels affect the circadian coordination of tissue physiology. In this study, a high triiodothyronine (T3) state was induced in mice by supplementing T3 in the drinking water, which affected body temperature, and oxygen consumption in a time-of-day-dependent manner. A 24-hr transcriptome profiling of liver tissue identified 37 robustly and time independently T3-associated transcripts as potential TH state markers in the liver. Such genes participated in xenobiotic transport, lipid and xenobiotic metabolism. We also identified 10–15% of the liver transcriptome as rhythmic in control and T3 groups, but only 4% of the liver transcriptome (1033 genes) were rhythmic across both conditions – amongst these, several core clock genes. In-depth rhythm analyses showed that most changes in transcript rhythms were related to mesor (50%), followed by amplitude (10%), and phase (10%). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed TH state-dependent reorganization of metabolic processes such as lipid and glucose metabolism. At high T3 levels, we observed weakening or loss of rhythmicity for transcripts associated with glucose and fatty acid metabolism, suggesting increased hepatic energy turnover. In summary, we provide evidence that tonic changes in T3 levels restructure the diurnal liver metabolic transcriptome independent of local molecular circadian clocks. Many environmental conditions, including light and temperature, vary with a daily rhythm that affects how animals interact with their surroundings. Indeed, most species have developed so-called circadian clocks: internal molecular timers that cycle approximately every 24 hours and regulate many bodily functions, including digestion, energy metabolism and sleep. The energy metabolism of the liver – the chemical reactions that occur in the organ to produce energy from nutrients – is controlled both by the circadian clock system, and by the hormones produced by a gland in the neck called the thyroid. However, the interaction between these two regulators is poorly understood. To address this question, de Assis, Harder et al. elevated the levels of thyroid hormones in mice by adding these hormones to their drinking water. Studying these mice showed that, although thyroid hormone levels were good indicators of how much energy mice burn in a day, they do not reflect daily fluctuations in metabolic rate faithfully. Additionally, de Assis, Harder et al. showed that elevating T3, the active form of thyroid hormone, led to a rewiring of the daily rhythms at which genes were turned on and off in the liver, affecting the daily timing of processes including fat and cholesterol metabolism. This occurred without changing the circadian clock of the liver directly. De Assis, Harder et al.’s results indicate that time-of-day critically affects the action of thyroid hormones in the liver. This suggests that patients with hypothyroidism, who produce low levels of thyroid hormones, may benefit from considering time-of-day as a factor in disease diagnosis, therapy and, potentially, prevention. Further data on the rhythmic regulation of thyroid action in humans, including in patients with hypothyroidism, are needed to further develop this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisbeth Harder
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Rex Parsons
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
| | - Meike Kaehler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Inga Nagel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jens Mittag
- Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes - Molecular Endocrinology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Witek K, Wydra K, Filip M. A High-Sugar Diet Consumption, Metabolism and Health Impacts with a Focus on the Development of Substance Use Disorder: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:2940. [PMID: 35889898 PMCID: PMC9323357 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are important macronutrients in human and rodent diet patterns that play a key role in crucial metabolic pathways and provide the necessary energy for proper body functioning. Sugar homeostasis and intake require complex hormonal and nervous control to proper body energy balance. Added sugar in processed food results in metabolic, cardiovascular, and nervous disorders. Epidemiological reports have shown enhanced consumption of sweet products in children and adults, especially in reproductive age and in pregnant women, which can lead to the susceptibility of offspring's health to diseases in early life or in adulthood and proneness to mental disorders. In this review, we discuss the impacts of high-sugar diet (HSD) or sugar intake during the perinatal and/or postnatal periods on neural and behavioural disturbances as well as on the development of substance use disorder (SUD). Since several emotional behavioural disturbances are recognized as predictors of SUD, we also present how HSD enhances impulsive behaviour, stress, anxiety and depression. Apart from the influence of HSD on these mood disturbances, added sugar can render food addiction. Both food and addictive substances change the sensitivity of the brain rewarding neurotransmission signalling. The results of the collected studies could be important in assessing sugar intake, especially via maternal dietary patterns, from the clinical perspective of SUD prevention or pre-existing emotional disorders. Methodology: This narrative review focuses on the roles of a high-sugar diet (HSD) and added sugar in foods and on the impacts of glucose and fructose on the development of substance use disorder (SUD) and on the behavioural predictors of drugs abuse. The literature was reviewed by two authors independently according to the topic of the review. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases and Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute open access scientific journals using the following keyword search strategy depending on the theme of the chapter: "high-sugar diet" OR "high-carbohydrate diet" OR "sugar" OR "glucose" OR "fructose" OR "added sugar" AND keywords. We excluded inaccessible or pay-walled articles, abstracts, conference papers, editorials, letters, commentary, and short notes. Reviews, experimental studies, and epidemiological data, published since 1990s, were searched and collected depending on the chapter structure. After the search, all duplicates are thrown out and full texts were read, and findings were rescreened. After the selection process, appropriate papers were included to present in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Małgorzata Filip
- Department of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (K.W.); (K.W.)
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143
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Organ-Specific Glucose Uptake: Does Sex Matter? Cells 2022; 11:cells11142217. [PMID: 35883660 PMCID: PMC9323353 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose uptake by peripheral organs is essential for maintaining blood glucose levels within normal range. Impaired glucose uptake is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome and is characterized by insulin resistance. Male sex is an independent risk factor for the development of T2D. We tested whether sex and diet are independent variables for differential glucose uptake by various organs. Here, in a longitudinal study, we used 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) to determine baseline differences in whole-body glucose uptake in young male and female mice on chow and high-fat diets. We report that sex and diet are important independent variables that account for differential glucose uptake in brown fat, skeletal muscle, liver, heart, kidney, and the stomach, but not the brain, lungs, pancreas, small intestine, or perigonadal adipose. Of the seven organs analyzed, two organs, namely brown fat, and the heart had the highest concentrations of FDG, followed by the brain, kidneys, and skeletal muscle on chow diet. Young female mice had 47% greater FDG uptake in the brown fat compared to male mice, whereas skeletal muscle FDG uptake was 49% greater in male mice. The high-fat diet inhibited FDG uptake in brown fat, skeletal muscle, and the heart, three major organs involved in uptake, whereas brain uptake was enhanced in both sexes. These foundational and groundbreaking findings suggest that mechanisms of glucose homeostasis are context- and organ-dependent and highlight the need to study sex-specific outcomes and mechanisms for diseases such as T2D, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.
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G6PD Deficiency Is Crucial for Insulin Signaling Activation in Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137425. [PMID: 35806430 PMCID: PMC9267066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose 6-P dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first rate-limiting enzyme in pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and it is proverbial that G6PD is absent in skeletal muscle. However, how and why G6PD is down-regulated during skeletal muscle development is unclear. In this study, we confirmed the expression of G6PD was down-regulated during myogenesis in vitro and in vivo. G6PD was absolutely silent in adult skeletal muscle. Histone H3 acetylation and DNA methylation act together on the expression of G6PD. Neither knock-down of G6PD nor over-expression of G6PD affects myogenic differentiation. Knock-down of G6PD significantly promotes the sensitivity and response of skeletal muscle cells to insulin; over-expression of G6PD significantly injures the sensitivity and response of skeletal muscle cells to insulin. High-fat diet treatment impairs insulin signaling by up-regulating G6PD, and knock-down of G6PD rescues the impaired insulin signaling and glucose uptake caused by high-fat diet treatment. Taken together, this study explored the importance of G6PD deficiency during myogenic differentiation, which provides new sight to treat insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes.
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145
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The role of protein kinases as key drivers of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease progression: New insights and future directions. Life Sci 2022; 305:120732. [PMID: 35760093 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), proposed in 2020 is a novel term for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which was coined for the first time in 1980. It is a leading cause of the most chronic liver disease and hepatic failure all over the world, and unfortunately, with no licensed drugs for treatment yet. The progress of the disease is driven by the triggered inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in many pathways, starting with simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Protein kinases (PKs), such as MAPK, ErbB, PKC, PI3K/Akt, and mTOR, govern most of the pathological pathways by acting on various downstream key points in MAFLD and regulating both hepatic gluco- lipo-neogenesis and inflammation. Therefore, modulating the function of those potential protein kinases that are effectively involved in MAFLD might be a promising therapeutic approach for tackling this disease. In the current review, we have discussed the key role of protein kinases in the pathogenesis of MAFLD and performed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network among the main proteins of each kinase pathway with MAFLD-related proteins to predict the most likely targets of the PKs in MAFLD. Moreover, we have reported the experimental, pre-clinical, and clinical data for the most recent investigated molecules that are activating p38-MAPK and AMPK proteins and inhibiting the other PKs to improve MAFLD condition by regulating oxidation and inflammation signalling.
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de Abreu de Lima V, de Menezes FJ, da Rocha Celli L, França SN, Cordeiro GR, Mascarenhas LPG, Leite N. Effects of resistance training on the glycemic control of people with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:533-540. [PMID: 35758833 PMCID: PMC10697639 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Resistance training has shown the potential to contribute to better glycemic control in people with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), however, there are contradictory results in this regard and a need to clarify the effects of isolated resistance training on glycemic control in T1D. The aim was to verify the effects of resistance training on the glycemic control of people with T1D. Original articles were selected, randomized and non-randomized clinical trials that aimed to verify chronic responses, through the concentrations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), to a structured program of resistance exercise in the glycemia of patients with T1D. The following databases were searched; MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, LILACS, and SciELO. Five studies were included in the review. A reduction in HbA1c was observed (SMD = -0.568 ± 0.165 [95% CI = -0.891 to -0.246]; p = 0.001; I2 = 82%) in patients undergoing resistance training, when compared to the control group (SMD = 1.006 ± 0.181 [95% CI = 0.653 to 1.360]; p <0.001). Two studies, with children and adolescents and longer interventions, demonstrated a significant reduction in HbA1c, increased strength, and an improved lipid profile. Resistance training was efficient for assisting in glycemic control in people with T1D and should be incorporated in treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valderi de Abreu de Lima
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Educação Física, Núcleo de Qualidade de Vida, Curitiba, PR, Brasil,
| | - Francisco José de Menezes
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Educação Física, Núcleo de Qualidade de Vida, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Luana da Rocha Celli
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Educação Física, Núcleo de Qualidade de Vida, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Suzana Nesi França
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Pediatria, Unidade de Endocrinologia Pediátrica, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Ribeiro Cordeiro
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (Unicentro), Departamento de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Desenvolvimento Comunitário, Irati, PR, Brasil
| | - Luis Paulo Gomes Mascarenhas
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (Unicentro), Departamento de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Desenvolvimento Comunitário, Irati, PR, Brasil
| | - Neiva Leite
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Educação Física, Núcleo de Qualidade de Vida, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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147
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Gorai B, Vashisth H. Progress in Simulation Studies of Insulin Structure and Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:908724. [PMID: 35795141 PMCID: PMC9252437 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.908724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a peptide hormone known for chiefly regulating glucose level in blood among several other metabolic processes. Insulin remains the most effective drug for treating diabetes mellitus. Insulin is synthesized in the pancreatic β-cells where it exists in a compact hexameric architecture although its biologically active form is monomeric. Insulin exhibits a sequence of conformational variations during the transition from the hexamer state to its biologically-active monomer state. The structural transitions and the mechanism of action of insulin have been investigated using several experimental and computational methods. This review primarily highlights the contributions of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in elucidating the atomic-level details of conformational dynamics in insulin, where the structure of the hormone has been probed as a monomer, dimer, and hexamer. The effect of solvent, pH, temperature, and pressure have been probed at the microscopic scale. Given the focus of this review on the structure of the hormone, simulation studies involving interactions between the hormone and its receptor are only briefly highlighted, and studies on other related peptides (e.g., insulin-like growth factors) are not discussed. However, the review highlights conformational dynamics underlying the activities of reported insulin analogs and mimetics. The future prospects for computational methods in developing promising synthetic insulin analogs are also briefly highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harish Vashisth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
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148
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Shamarao N, Chethankumar M. Antiobesity drug-likeness properties and pancreatic lipase inhibition of a novel low molecular weight lutein oxidized product, LOP6. Food Funct 2022; 13:6036-6055. [PMID: 35615990 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04064b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Elevated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), a key regulator of adipogenesis, leads to lipid accumulation and obesity. Although orlistat is effective for obesity, flatus with discharge, faecal urgency, oily evacuation and other allied side effects limit its usage. Thus, natural product-based drug intervention is the future of research and development of novel treatment. We synthesized and characterized total lutein oxidized products (LOPs) by exposing lutein to direct sunlight with a solar intensity of 5.89 kW h m-2 day-1 and at 31 ± 2 °C for 1-10 days. Total LOPs were analyzed on C18 and structural elucidation was carried on LCMS/MS-TOF. The pancreatic lipase inhibition kinetics was estimated. The binding effects of LOP6 (fragmented peak 6) on PPAR-γ, pancreatic lipase, pharmacokinetic properties and inhibition studies were analysed. Histological evaluation of liver and adipose tissues was performed to confirm the antiobesity effect of total LOPs. The yield of extracted lutein purified from shade-dried marigold flower petals was 6%. Total LOPs were formed on the 10th day upon exposure of lutein to direct sunlight. Total LOPs on the C18 column fragmented into eight oxidized products (LOP1 to LOP8). The total LOPs showed significant inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity with an IC50 of 1.6953 μg ml-1, and Km and Vmax of 3.05 μg and 1.19 μg s-1 respectively following mixed type of inhibition. The LOP6 [4-((1E,3E,5E)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,3,5,7-tetraen-1-yl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-enol] with an approximate molecular mass of 274.25 showed a binding energy of -5.40 kcal mol-1 with a Ki of 109.43 μM for PPAR-γ and a docking score of -5.35 kcal mol-1 with a Ki of 119.4 μM for pancreatic lipase. The IC50 of LOP6 was 11.8420 μg ml-1, and Km and Vmax were 2.519 μg and 1.294 μg s-1. The pharmacokinetic properties such as solubility, permeability, bioavailability, and topological polar surface area when tested with LOP6 were significantly better than those of lutein alone. The histological examination of the liver and adipose tissue revealed that all three doses of total LOPs were effective in alleviating the ballooning and vesicular degeneration of hepatocytes and invasion of inflammatory cells in the adipose tissue. Total LOPs and LOP6 inhibited pancreatic lipase activity in vitro. LOP6 showed a better docking score for PPAR-γ and pancreatic lipase in comparison to orlistat. Histological data showed that the total LOPs exerted antiobesity activity. Thus, LOPs might provide a novel treatment approach for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagashree Shamarao
- Research Scholar, JSS Research Foundation, SJCE Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru-570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Mukunda Chethankumar
- Postgraduate Department of Biochemistry, JSS College of Arts Commerce and Science (Autonomous), Ooty Road, Mysuru-570025, Karnataka, India.
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Madiwalar VS, Dwivedi PSR, Patil A, Gaonkar SMN, Kumbhar VJ, Khanal P, Patil BM. Ficus benghalensis promotes the glucose uptake- Evidence with in silico and in vitro. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:429-438. [PMID: 35673455 PMCID: PMC9167400 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-00989-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Ficus benghalensis L. is traditionally used to manage diabetes; also used in various herbal formulations, and is indicated as an insulin sensitizer. Hence, present work attempted in identifying the probable lead hits to promote glucose uptake via computational approach followed by experimental evaluation of hydroalcoholic extract of Ficus benghalensis L. bark in yeast cells. Methods The in vitro assay for glucose uptake was performed in the baker yeast whereas in-silico study involved retrieving the phytoconstituents from open sources, and predicting for probable targets of diabetes followed by drug-likeness score, probable side effects, and ADMET profile. Homology modeling was performed to construct the target protein glucose transporter-2. In addition, the binding affinity of each ligand with glucose transporter was predicted using AutoDock 4.2. Results A total of 17 phytoconstituents from F. benghalensis were identified to possess the anti-diabetic effects. Among them, 4-methoxybenzoic acid scored the highest drug-likeness score and lupeol acetate had the maximum binding affinity of -8.02 kcal/mol with 9 pi-interactions via Tyr324, Phe323, Ile319, Ile200, Ile28, Phe24, and Ala451. Similarly, the extract showed the highest glucose uptake efficacy in yeast cells at 500 µg/mL. Conclusion Herein the present study reflected the probable activity of the phytoconstituents from F. benghalensis in promoting the glucose uptake via the in silico and in vitro approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Shankar Madiwalar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavai, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
| | - Prarambh S. R. Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavai, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
| | - Ashwini Patil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavai, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
| | - Soham M. N. Gaonkar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavai, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
| | - Vrunda J. Kumbhar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavai, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavai, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
| | - B. M. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavai, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010 India
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One Molecule for Mental Nourishment and More: Glucose Transporter Type 1—Biology and Deficiency Syndrome. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061249. [PMID: 35740271 PMCID: PMC9219734 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose transporter type 1 (Glut1) is the main transporter involved in the cellular uptake of glucose into many tissues, and is highly expressed in the brain and in erythrocytes. Glut1 deficiency syndrome is caused mainly by mutations of the SLC2A1 gene, impairing passive glucose transport across the blood–brain barrier. All age groups, from infants to adults, may be affected, with age-specific symptoms. In its classic form, the syndrome presents as an early-onset drug-resistant metabolic epileptic encephalopathy with a complex movement disorder and developmental delay. In later-onset forms, complex motor disorder predominates, with dystonia, ataxia, chorea or spasticity, often triggered by fasting. Diagnosis is confirmed by hypoglycorrhachia (below 45 mg/dL) with normal blood glucose, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and genetic analysis showing pathogenic SLC2A1 variants. There are also ongoing positive studies on erythrocytes’ Glut1 surface expression using flow cytometry. The standard treatment still consists of ketogenic therapies supplying ketones as alternative brain fuel. Anaplerotic substances may provide alternative energy sources. Understanding the complex interactions of Glut1 with other tissues, its signaling function for brain angiogenesis and gliosis, and the complex regulation of glucose transportation, including compensatory mechanisms in different tissues, will hopefully advance therapy. Ongoing research for future interventions is focusing on small molecules to restore Glut1, metabolic stimulation, and SLC2A1 transfer strategies. Newborn screening, early identification and treatment could minimize the neurodevelopmental disease consequences. Furthermore, understanding Glut1 relative deficiency or inhibition in inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders, and viral infections including COVID-19 and other settings could provide clues for future therapeutic approaches.
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