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Hu X, Chen H, Xu H, Wu Y, Wu C, Jia C, Li Y, Sheng S, Xu C, Xu H, Ni W, Zhou K. Role of Pyroptosis in Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injuries. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2042-2050. [PMID: 32549752 PMCID: PMC7294939 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) trauma, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI), remains a leading cause for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Past research has shown that cell death plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of CNS injuries. More recently, pyroptosis has been identified as a form of programmed inflammatory cell death, and it is a unique form of cell death in various aspects. Mechanistically, pyroptosis can be categorized into canonical (mediated by caspase-1) and non-canonical (mediated by caspase-4/5/11). In canonical pyroptosis, Nod-like receptors (NLRs) inflammasomes play a critical role, and their activation promotes the maturation and secretion of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β/18 (IL-1β/18), cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD), and ultimately pyroptotic cell death. Despite a plethora of new knowledge regarding pyroptosis, detailed understanding of how pyroptosis is involved in CNS injuries and possible ways to improve clinical outcomes following CNS injuries remain elusive. This review discusses the current knowledge on how pyroptosis is involved in CNS injuries, focusing on new discoveries regarding how pyroptosis activation occurs, differences between CNS cell types following injury, time-course of inflammatory responses, and key regulatory steps of pyroptosis. In addition, we highlight various investigational agents that are capable of regulating key steps in pyroptotic cell death, and we discuss how these agents may be used as therapies to improve outcomes following CNS trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Huanwen Chen
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yaosen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Chang Jia
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Sunren Sheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Wenfei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China
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102
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Voet S, Srinivasan S, Lamkanfi M, van Loo G. Inflammasomes in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 11:emmm.201810248. [PMID: 31015277 PMCID: PMC6554670 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201810248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration often result from the aberrant deposition of aggregated host proteins, including amyloid‐β, α‐synuclein, and prions, that can activate inflammasomes. Inflammasomes function as intracellular sensors of both microbial pathogens and foreign as well as host‐derived danger signals. Upon activation, they induce an innate immune response by secreting the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18, and additionally by inducing pyroptosis, a lytic cell death mode that releases additional inflammatory mediators. Microglia are the prominent innate immune cells in the brain for inflammasome activation. However, additional CNS‐resident cell types including astrocytes and neurons, as well as infiltrating myeloid cells from the periphery, express and activate inflammasomes. In this review, we will discuss current understanding of the role of inflammasomes in common degenerative diseases of the brain and highlight inflammasome‐targeted strategies that may potentially treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Voet
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sahana Srinivasan
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium .,Janssen Immunosciences, World without Disease Accelerator, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium .,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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103
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O'Brien WT, Pham L, Symons GF, Monif M, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ. The NLRP3 inflammasome in traumatic brain injury: potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:104. [PMID: 32252777 PMCID: PMC7137518 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a great clinical need to identify the underlying mechanisms, as well as related biomarkers, and treatment targets, for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroinflammation is a central pathophysiological feature of TBI. NLRP3 inflammasome activity is a necessary component of the innate immune response to tissue damage, and dysregulated inflammasome activity has been implicated in a number of neurological conditions. This paper introduces the NLRP3 inflammasome and its implication in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory-related conditions, with a particular focus on TBI. Although its role in TBI has only recently been identified, findings suggest that priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome are upregulated following TBI. Moreover, recent studies utilizing specific NLRP3 inhibitors have provided further evidence that this inflammasome is a major driver of neuroinflammation and neurobehavioral disturbances following TBI. In addition, there is emerging evidence that circulating inflammasome-associated proteins may have utility as diagnostic biomarkers of neuroinflammatory conditions, including TBI. Finally, novel and promising areas of research will be highlighted, including the potential involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mild TBI, how factors such as biological sex may affect NLRP3 activity in TBI, and the use of emerging biomarker platforms. Taken together, this review highlights the exciting potential of the NLRP3 inflammasome as a target for treatments and biomarkers that may ultimately be used to improve TBI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise Pham
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Georgia F Symons
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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104
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Agrawal I, Jha S. Comprehensive review of ASC structure and function in immune homeostasis and disease. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3077-3096. [PMID: 32124174 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis associated speck like protein containing CARD (ASC) is widely researched and recognized as an adaptor protein participating in inflammasome assembly and pyroptosis. It contains a bipartite structure comprising of a pyrin and a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) domain. These two domains help ASC function as an adaptor molecule. ASC is encoded by the gene PYCARD. ASC plays pivotal role in various diseases as well as different homeostatic processes. ASC plays a regulatory role in different cancers showing differential regulation with respect to tissue and stage of disease. Besides cancer, ASC also plays a central role in sensing, regulation, and/or disease progression in bacterial infections, viral infections and in varied inflammatory diseases. ASC is expressed in different types of immune and non-immune cells. Its localization pattern also varies with different kinds of stimuli encountered by cell. This review will summarize the literature on the structure cellular and tissue expression, localization and disease association of ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Agrawal
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwad, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Sushmita Jha
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwad, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India.
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105
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Microglial Depletion with CSF1R Inhibitor During Chronic Phase of Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Reduces Neurodegeneration and Neurological Deficits. J Neurosci 2020; 40:2960-2974. [PMID: 32094203 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2402-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation with sustained microglial activation occurs following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is believed to contribute to subsequent neurodegeneration and neurological deficits. Microglia, the primary innate immune cells in brain, are dependent on colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) signaling for their survival. In this preclinical study, we examined the effects of delayed depletion of chronically activated microglia on functional recovery and neurodegeneration up to 3 months postinjury. A CSF1R inhibitor, Plexxikon (PLX) 5622, was administered to adult male C57BL/6J mice at 1 month after controlled cortical impact to remove chronically activated microglia, and the inhibitor was withdrawn 1-week later to allow for microglial repopulation. Following TBI, the repopulated microglia displayed a ramified morphology similar to that of Sham uninjured mice, whereas microglia in vehicle-treated TBI mice showed the typical chronic posttraumatic hypertrophic morphology. PLX5622 treatment limited TBI-associated neuropathological changes at 3 months postinjury; these included a smaller cortical lesion, reduced hippocampal neuron cell death, and decreased NOX2- and NLRP3 inflammasome-associated neuroinflammation. Furthermore, delayed depletion of chronically activated microglia after TBI led to widespread changes in the cortical transcriptome and altered gene pathways involved in neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuroplasticity. Using a variety of complementary neurobehavioral tests, PLX5622-treated TBI mice also had improved long-term motor and cognitive function recovery through 3 months postinjury. Together, these studies demonstrate that chronic phase removal of neurotoxic microglia after TBI using CSF1R inhibitors markedly reduce chronic neuroinflammation and associated neurodegeneration, as well as related motor and cognitive deficits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a debilitating neurological disorder that can seriously impact the patient's quality of life. Microglial-mediated neuroinflammation is induced after severe TBI and contributes to neurological deficits and on-going neurodegenerative processes. Here, we investigated the effect of breaking the neurotoxic neuroinflammatory loop at 1-month after controlled cortical impact in mice by pharmacological removal of chronically activated microglia using a colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor, Plexxikon 5622. Overall, we show that short-term elimination of microglia during the chronic phase of TBI followed by repopulation results in long-term improvements in neurological function, suppression of neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress pathways, and a reduction in persistent neurodegenerative processes. These studies are clinically relevant and support new concepts that the therapeutic window for TBI may be far longer than traditionally believed if chronic and evolving microglial-mediated neuroinflammation can be inhibited or regulated in a precise manner.
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106
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Zhuang K, Zuo YC, Sherchan P, Wang JK, Yan XX, Liu F. Hydrogen Inhalation Attenuates Oxidative Stress Related Endothelial Cells Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1441. [PMID: 32038143 PMCID: PMC6985445 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cerebrovascular disease with poor clinical outcome. Nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome serves a key role in inflammatory response, which may lead to endothelial cell injury and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Hydrogen (H2) is considered a neuroprotective antioxidant. This study was set out to explore whether hydrogen inhalation protects against SAH induced endothelial cell injury, BBB disruption, microthrombosis and vasospasm in rats. Methods: One hundred eighty-two male SD rats were used for the study. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation. H2 at a concentration of 3.3% was inhaled beginning at 0.5 h after SAH for duration of 30, 60 or 120 min, followed by single administration or once daily administration for 3 days. The temporal expression of NLRP3 and ASC in the brain was determined, with the effect of hydrogen inhalation evaluated. In addition, brain water content, oxidative stress markers, inflammasome, apoptotic markers, microthrombosis, and vasospasm were evaluated at 24 or 72 h after SAH. Results: The expression of NLRP3 and ASC were upregulated after SAH associated with elevated expression of MDA, 8-OHdG, 4-HNE, HO-1, TLR4/NF-κB, inflammatory and apoptotic makers. Hydrogen inhalation reduced the expression of these inflammatory and apoptotic makers in the vessels, brain edema, microthrombi formation, and vasospasm in rats with SAH relative to control. Hydrogen inhalation also improved short-term and long-term neurological recovery after SAH. Conclusion: Hydrogen inhalation can ameliorate oxidative stress related endothelial cells injury in the brain and improve neurobehavioral outcomes in rats following SAH. Mechanistically, the above beneficial effects might be related to, at least in part, the inhibition of activation of ROS/NLRP3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Chun Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Ji-Kai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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107
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Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Epidural Fat-Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Improve Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:760-771. [PMID: 31953741 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event which caused high mortality and morbidity. Recently, nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been showed to act a critical t role in the secondly injury phase of SCI. In current study, we aimed to investigate the effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of extracellular vesicles derived from epidural fat (EF)- mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of SCI. Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley rats were used for current study and randomly divided into four groups: sham group, SCI group, SCI + Saline group, SCI + Extracellular vesicles group. Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores was applied to evaluate the neurological functional recovery. Cresyl violet-stained was conducted evaluate the protective effect of EF-MSCs-Extracellular vesicles on lesion volume after SCI. ELISA, immunohistochemistry assay, TUNEL assay and western blotting were conducted to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that the administration of EF-MSCs-Extracellular vesicles via tail vein injection improved neurological functional recovery and reduced the lesion volume after SCI. And systemic administration of EF-MSCs-Extracellular vesicles significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, the expression levels of proapoptotic protein Bax was decreased and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 was upregulated with the treatment of EF-MSCs-Extracellular vesicles after SCI. In summary, in current study, we demonstrated for the first time that the EF-MSCs-Extracellular vesicles can improve neurological functional recovery after SCI, and the underlying molecular mechanisms may partly through the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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108
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Si L, Wang H, Wang L. Suppression of miR-193a alleviates neuroinflammation and improves neurological function recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:527-534. [PMID: 31924304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, and is tightly associated with microglia-regulated neuroinflammation. However, the activation profile of microglia during the pathophysiological responses is still not fully understood. Micro-RNAs (miRs), as noncoding RNAs, are involved in the progression of TBI. In this study, we attempted to explore the effects of miR-193a on TBI using the in vivo and in vitro studies. Following experimental TBI in mice, we found that miR-193a expression was significantly up-regulated in ipsilateral cortical tissues and in the microglia/macrophages isolated from the ipsilateral cortical tissues, which was accompanied with markedly enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory factors. We then found that miR-193a hairpin inhibitor (antagomir) markedly reduced lesion volume, brain water contents and neuron death in TBI mice induced by the controlled cortical impact (CCI). In addition, cognitive dysfunction in TBI mice was markedly improved after miR-193a antagomir injection. Of note, CCI-induced activation of microglia was repressed by miR-193a inhibition, along with significantly reduced expression of neuroinflammatory markers, which were associated with the blockage of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The anti-neuroinflammation effects of miR-193a suppression were verified in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-incubated microglial cells transfected with miR-193a inhibitor. In contrast, LPS-induced activation of microglial cells and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors was markedly further accelerated by the transfection of miR-193a mimic. Taken together, TBI resulted in a robust neuroinflammatory response that was closely associated with the up-regulated miR-193a expression mainly in microglia/macrophages; however, miR-193a suppression significantly alleviated post-traumatic neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, miR-193a might be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of TBI-associated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Si
- Department of Neurology, Guangrao County People's Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong Province, 257300, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Leyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Changle People's Hospital, Shandong, 262400, China.
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109
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Zhang Q, Zhao S, Zheng W, Fu H, Wu T, Hu F. Plumbagin attenuated oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced injury in human SH-SY5Y cells by inhibiting NOX4-derived ROS-activated NLRP3 inflammasome. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:134-142. [PMID: 31490096 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1664893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Plumbagin (PLB), an alkaloid obtained from the roots of the plants of Plumbago genus, is an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of PLB against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGDR)-induced neuroinjury in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cultures. Our results showed that OGD/R stimulated NOX4 protein expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in SH-SY5Y cells, whereas increased 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production, resulting in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. And PLB pretreatment reduced the ROS production by regulating the expression of NOX4 and downregulated NF-κB signaling which was induced by OGDR. Furthermore, PLB inhibited OGDR induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation but not PARP1. Overall, PLB improved OGDR induced neuroinjury by inhibiting NOX4-derived ROS-activated NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan Brain Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan Brain Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxia Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan Brain Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Haitan Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan Brain Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan Brain Hospital, Wuhan, China
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110
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O'Dea MI, Kelly L, McKenna E, Melo AM, Ni Bhroin M, Hurley T, Byrne AT, Colleran G, Vavasseur C, El-Khuffash A, Miletin J, Murphy J, Hickey F, Molloy EJ. Dysregulated Monocyte and Neutrophil Functional Phenotype in Infants With Neonatal Encephalopathy Requiring Therapeutic Hypothermia. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:598724. [PMID: 33659224 PMCID: PMC7917189 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.598724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Persistent inflammation and activation of leukocytes mediate brain injury in NE. The standard of care for NE, therapeutic hypothermia (TH), does not improve outcomes in nearly half of moderate to severe cases, resulting in the need for new adjuvant therapies, and immunomodulation holds promise. Our objective was to explore systemic leukocyte phenotype in infants with NE and healthy controls in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Twenty-four infants with NE (NE II-20; NE III = 4) requiring TH and 17 term neonatal controls were enrolled, and blood samples were analyzed between days 1 and 4 of life at a mean (SD) timepoint of 2.1 (± 0.81) days of postnatal life at the time of the routine phlebotomy. Leukocyte cell surface expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4, NADPH oxidase (NOX2), CD11b, mitochondrial mass, and mitochondrial superoxide production were measured by flow cytometry. Gene expression of TRIF (TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β), MyD88 and IRAK4 was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Infants with NE had significantly lower expression of neutrophil CD11b and NOX2 with LPS stimulation compared to healthy term controls. Mitochondrial mass in neutrophils and monocytes was significantly increased in NE infants with LPS compared to controls, potentially indicating a dysregulated metabolism. Infants with NE had significantly lower IRAK4 at baseline than controls. NE infants display a dysregulated inflammatory response compared to healthy infants, with LPS hyporesponsiveness to CD11b and NOX2 and decreased IRAK4 gene expression. This dysregulated immune profile may indicate an adaptable response to limit hyperinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Isabel O'Dea
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre (NCRC), Crumlin, Ireland
| | - Lynne Kelly
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ellen McKenna
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ashanty M Melo
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Megan Ni Bhroin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems Group, Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tim Hurley
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Jan Miletin
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Murphy
- National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala Hickey
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor J Molloy
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre (NCRC), Crumlin, Ireland.,Our Lady's Children's Hospital (CHI), Crumlin, Ireland.,Department of Paediatrics, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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111
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Fiery Cell Death: Pyroptosis in the Central Nervous System. Trends Neurosci 2019; 43:55-73. [PMID: 31843293 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis ('fiery death') is an inflammatory type of regulated cell death (RCD), which occurs downstream of inflammasome activation. Pyroptosis is mediated directly by the recently identified family of pore-forming proteins known as gasdermins, the best characterized of which is gasdermin D (GSDMD). Recent investigations implicate pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of multiple neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss molecular mechanisms that drive pyroptosis, evidence for pyroptosis within the CNS, and emerging therapeutic strategies for its inhibition in the context of neurological disease.
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112
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Hung W, Ho C, Pan M. Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Neuroinflammation: Health Promoting Effects of Dietary Phytochemicals in Neurological Disorders. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 64:e1900550. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Lun Hung
- School of Food SafetyTaipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Tang Ho
- Department of Food ScienceRutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
| | - Min‐Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalChina Medical University Taichung 40402 Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition BiotechnologyAsia University Taichung 41354 Taiwan
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Wang S, Yao Q, Wan Y, Wang J, Huang C, Li D, Yang B. Adiponectin reduces brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome expression. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:301-308. [PMID: 31607194 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1679810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Experiment Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuhui Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Experiment Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Experiment Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Conggai Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Experiment Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Experiment Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Experiment Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
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114
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Lu F, Lan Z, Xin Z, He C, Guo Z, Xia X, Hu T. Emerging insights into molecular mechanisms underlying pyroptosis and functions of inflammasomes in diseases. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3207-3221. [PMID: 31621910 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of necrotic and inflammatory programmed cell death, which could be characterized by cell swelling, pore formation on plasma membranes, and release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18). The process of pyroptosis presents as dual effects: protecting multicellular organisms from microbial infection and endogenous dangers; leading to pathological inflammation if overactivated. Two pathways have been found to trigger pyroptosis: caspase-1 mediated inflammasome pathway with the involvement of NLRP1-, NLRP3-, NLRC4-, AIM2-, pyrin-inflammasome (canonical inflammasome pathway) and caspase-4/5/11-mediated inflammasome pathway (noncanonical inflammasome pathway). Gasdermin D (GSDMD) has been proved to be a substrate of inflammatory caspases (caspase-1/4/5/11), and the cleaved N-terminal domain of GSDMD oligomerizes to form cytotoxic pores on the plasma membrane. Here, we mainly reviewed the up to date mechanisms of pyroptosis, and began with the inflammasomes as the activator of caspase-1/caspase-11, 4, and 5. We further discussed these inflammasomes functions in diseases, including infectious diseases, sepsis, inflammatory autoimmune diseases, and neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhixin Lan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhaoqi Xin
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chunrong He
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zimeng Guo
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tu Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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115
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Kerr N, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Dietrich WD, Keane RW. Neural-respiratory inflammasome axis in traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2019; 323:113080. [PMID: 31626746 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Approximately 20-25% of TBI subjects develop Acute Lung Injury (ALI), but the pathomechanisms of TBI-induced ALI remain poorly defined. Currently, mechanical ventilation is the only therapeutic intervention for TBI-induced lung injury. Our recent studies have shown that the inflammasome plays an important role in the systemic inflammatory response leading to lung injury-post TBI. Here, we outline the role of the extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated inflammasome signaling in the etiology of TBI-induced ALI. Furthermore, we evaluate the efficacy of a low molecular weight heparin (Enoxaparin, a blocker of EV uptake) and a monoclonal antibody against apoptosis speck-like staining protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (anti-ASC) as therapeutics for TBI-induced lung injury. We demonstate that activation of an EV-mediated Neural-Respiratory Inflammasome Axis plays an essential role in TBI-induced lung injury and disruption of this axis has therapeutic potential as a treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kerr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States of America; Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, United States of America
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States of America; Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, United States of America
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States of America; Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, United States of America
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States of America; Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, United States of America; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School fo Medicine, 1600 NW10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
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Liang H, Sun Y, Gao A, Zhang N, Jia Y, Yang S, Na M, Liu H, Cheng X, Fang X, Ma W, Zhang X, Wang F. Ac-YVAD-cmk improves neurological function by inhibiting caspase-1-mediated inflammatory response in the intracerebral hemorrhage of rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105771. [PMID: 31352322 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is acknowledged as a serious clinical problem lacking effective treatments. And caspase-1-mediated inflammatory response happened during the progression of ICH. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of caspase-1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-cmk on ICH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microglia cells were isolated and activated by thrombin for 24 h. Then the transcript and protein expressions of NLRP3 and inflammatory factors were assessed by RT-PCR and western blotting. Moreover, Ac-YVAD-cmk was injected into the ICH model. The mNSS and brain water content were tested at 24 h post-ICH. Finally, the pathological changes of microglia activation following ICH were discovered by the immunohistochemical and HE staining ways. RESULTS Ac-YVAD-cmk inhibited the activation of pro-caspase-1 and decreased brain edema, in association with decreasing activated microglia and the expression of inflammation-related factors at 24 h post-ICH. Consequently, Ac-YVAD-cmk reduced the release of mature IL-1β/IL-18 in perihematoma, improved the behavioral performance, and alleviated microglia in perihematoma region in ICH rats. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that caspase-1 could amplify the plural inflammatory responses in the ICH. Administration of Ac-YVAD-cmk has the potential to be a novel therapeutic strategy for ICH.
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Weber B, Lackner I, Haffner-Luntzer M, Palmer A, Pressmar J, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Knöll B, Schrezenemeier H, Relja B, Kalbitz M. Modeling trauma in rats: similarities to humans and potential pitfalls to consider. J Transl Med 2019; 17:305. [PMID: 31488164 PMCID: PMC6728963 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma is the leading cause of mortality in humans below the age of 40. Patients injured by accidents frequently suffer severe multiple trauma, which is life-threatening and leads to death in many cases. In multiply injured patients, thoracic trauma constitutes the third most common cause of mortality after abdominal injury and head trauma. Furthermore, 40-50% of all trauma-related deaths within the first 48 h after hospital admission result from uncontrolled hemorrhage. Physical trauma and hemorrhage are frequently associated with complex pathophysiological and immunological responses. To develop a greater understanding of the mechanisms of single and/or multiple trauma, reliable and reproducible animal models, fulfilling the ethical 3 R's criteria (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement), established by Russell and Burch in 'The Principles of Human Experimental Technique' (published 1959), are required. These should reflect both the complex pathophysiological and the immunological alterations induced by trauma, with the objective to translate the findings to the human situation, providing new clinical treatment approaches for patients affected by severe trauma. Small animal models are the most frequently used in trauma research. Rattus norvegicus was the first mammalian species domesticated for scientific research, dating back to 1830. To date, there exist numerous well-established procedures to mimic different forms of injury patterns in rats, animals that are uncomplicated in handling and housing. Nevertheless, there are some physiological and genetic differences between humans and rats, which should be carefully considered when rats are chosen as a model organism. The aim of this review is to illustrate the advantages as well as the disadvantages of rat models, which should be considered in trauma research when selecting an appropriate in vivo model. Being the most common and important models in trauma research, this review focuses on hemorrhagic shock, blunt chest trauma, bone fracture, skin and soft-tissue trauma, burns, traumatic brain injury and polytrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Weber
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm Medical School, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ina Lackner
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm Medical School, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Palmer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen Pressmar
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm Medical School, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Knöll
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hubert Schrezenemeier
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm and Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg – Hessen and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Experimental Radiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Kalbitz
- Department of Traumatology, Hand-, Plastic-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Center of Surgery, University of Ulm Medical School, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Abstract
The mammalian CNS is an intricate and fragile structure, which on one hand is open to change in order to store information, but on the other hand is vulnerable to damage from injury, pathogen invasion or neurodegeneration. During senescence and neurodegeneration, activation of the innate immune system can occur. Inflammasomes are signalling complexes that regulate cells of the immune system, which in the brain mainly includes microglial cells. In microglia, the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome becomes activated when these cells sense proteins such as misfolded or aggregated amyloid-β, α-synuclein and prion protein or superoxide dismutase, ATP and members of the complement pathway. Several other inflammasomes have been described in microglia and the other cells of the brain, including astrocytes and neurons, where their activation and subsequent caspase 1 cleavage contribute to disease development and progression.
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119
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Mousavi M, Hedayatpour A, Mortezaee K, Mohamadi Y, Abolhassani F, Hassanzadeh G. Schwann cell transplantation exerts neuroprotective roles in rat model of spinal cord injury by combating inflammasome activation and improving motor recovery and remyelination. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1117-1130. [PMID: 31165391 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasome activation in the traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injuries is responsible for propagation of an inflammatory circuit and neuronal cell death resulting in sensory/motor deficiencies. NLRP1 and NLRP3 are known as activators of inflammasome complex in the spinal cord injury (SCI). In this study, cell therapy using Schwann cells (SCs) was applied for targeting NLRP inflammasome complexes outcomes in the motor recovery. These cells were chosen due to their regenerative roles for CNS injuries. SCs were isolated from sciatic nerves and transplanted to the contusive SCI-induced Wistar rats. NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasome complexes and their related pro-inflammatory cytokines were assayed in both mRNA and protein levels. Neuronal cell survival (Nissl staining), motor recovery and myelination (Luxol fast blue/LFB) were also evaluated. The groups were laminectomy, SCI, vehicle and treatment. The treatment group received Schwann cells, and the vehicle group received solvent for the cells. SCI caused increased expressions for both NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasome complexes along with their related pro-inflammatory cytokines, all of which were abrogated after administration of SCs (except for IL-18 protein showing no change to the cell therapy). Motor deficits in the hind limb, neuronal cell death and demyelination were also found in the SCI group, which were counteracted in the treatment group. From our findings we conclude promising role for cell therapy with SCs for targeting axonal demyelination and degeneration possibly through attenuation of the activity for inflammasome complexes and related inflammatory circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Mousavi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Hedayatpour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Yousef Mohamadi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Farid Abolhassani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Machado CA, Silva ACSE, de Miranda AS, Cordeiro TME, Ferreira RN, de Souza LC, Teixeira AL, de Miranda AS. Immune-Based Therapies for Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights from Pre-Clinical Studies. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:5374-5402. [PMID: 31291871 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190710173234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major public health problem. It is the leading cause of death and disability, especially among children and young adults. The neurobiology basis underlying TBI pathophysiology remains to be fully revealed. Over the past years, emerging evidence has supported the hypothesis that TBI is an inflammatory based condition, paving the way for the development of potential therapeutic targets. There is no treatment capable to prevent or minimize TBIassociated outcomes. Therefore, the search for effective therapies is a priority goal. In this context, animal models have become valuable tools to study molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in TBI pathogenesis as well as novel treatments. Herein, we discuss therapeutic strategies to treat TBI focused on immunomodulatory and/or anti-inflammatory approaches in the pre-clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Amaral Machado
- Laboratorio de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, UFMG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Medica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Amanda Silva de Miranda
- Departamento de Quimica, Instituto de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Macedo E Cordeiro
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Medica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Novaes Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Neurobiologia, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, UFMG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Cruz de Souza
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Medica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, United States
| | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Medica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil
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Ni H, Rui Q, Lin X, Li D, Liu H, Chen G. 2-BFI Provides Neuroprotection Against Inflammation and Necroptosis in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:674. [PMID: 31293382 PMCID: PMC6606784 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and programmed necrosis (necroptosis) are the two hallmark pathological changes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) that contribute to aggravated brain damage. 2-(2-Benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline (2-BFI) has been shown to exert both anti-inflammatory and programmed cell death effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of 2-BFI in a rat model of TBI induced by a weight-drop device. 2-BFI or vehicle was given via intraperitoneal injection starting at 30 min post trauma and then twice daily for three consecutive days. Following a neurofunctional test at 72 h after injury, histological, molecular, and immunohistochemistry analyses were performed on the pericontusional areas of the brain. 2-BFI treatment significantly attenuated neurological deficits, brain edema and blood-brain barrier permeability after TBI. Also, treatment with 2-BFI significantly reduced microglial activation, neutrophil infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β secretion, which is related to nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation after TBI. In addition, 2-BFI treatment markedly reduced cortical tissue loss as well as repressed TBI-induced increases in necroptosis and necroptosis-associated proteins, including receptor-interacting protein (RIP1), RIP3, and mixed linkage kinase domain-like (MLKL) in the pericontusional brain tissue. Taken together, these findings indicate that 2-BFI may be an effective neuroprotectant after brain trauma and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Rui
- Department of Laboratory, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Translational Medicine Center, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Huixiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Morganti-Kossmann MC, Semple BD, Hellewell SC, Bye N, Ziebell JM. The complexity of neuroinflammation consequent to traumatic brain injury: from research evidence to potential treatments. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:731-755. [PMID: 30535946 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review recounts the definitions and research evidence supporting the multifaceted roles of neuroinflammation in the injured brain following trauma. We summarise the literature fluctuating from the protective and detrimental properties that cytokines, leukocytes and glial cells play in the acute and chronic stages of TBI, including the intrinsic factors that influence cytokine responses and microglial functions relative to genetics, sex, and age. We elaborate on the pros and cons that cytokines, chemokines, and microglia play in brain repair, specifically neurogenesis, and how such conflicting roles may be harnessed therapeutically to sustain the survival of new neurons. With a brief review of the clinical and experimental findings demonstrating early and chronic inflammation impacts on outcomes, we focus on the clinical conditions that may be amplified by neuroinflammation, ranging from acute seizures to chronic epilepsy, neuroendocrine dysfunction, dementia, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Finally, we provide an overview of the therapeutic agents that have been tested to reduce inflammation-driven secondary pathological cascades and speculate the future promise of alternative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Morganti-Kossmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Australian New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah C Hellewell
- Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Charles Perkins Centre, Heart Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole Bye
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS, Australia
| | - Jenna M Ziebell
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Kuwar R, Rolfe A, Di L, Xu H, He L, Jiang Y, Zhang S, Sun D. A novel small molecular NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor alleviates neuroinflammatory response following traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:81. [PMID: 30975164 PMCID: PMC6458637 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation is an essential player in many neurological diseases including traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recent studies have identified that inflammasome complexes are responsible for inflammatory responses in many pathological conditions. Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes which regulate the innate immune response, activation of caspase-1, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and induction of cell death (pyroptosis). Among inflammasome family members, the nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeats family protein 3 (NLRP3) is the most extensively studied and its activation is induced following TBI. As a novel target, drug development targeting the formation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is a prospective therapy for TBI. We have recently developed a small molecule JC124 with specificity on NLRP3 inflammasome. In this study, we explored the therapeutic value of JC124 for TBI treatment. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a moderate cortical impact injury. Following TBI, animals received 4 doses of JC124 treatment with the first dose starting at 30 min, the second dose at 6 h after TBI, the third and fourth doses at 24 or 30 h following TBI, respectively. Animals were sacrificed at 2 days post-injury. Brain tissues were processed either for ELISA and western blotting analysis for inflammatory response, or for histological examination to assess degenerative neurons, acute inflammatory cell response and lesion volume. Results We found that post-injury treatment with JC124 significantly decreased the number of injury-induced degenerating neurons, inflammatory cell response in the injured brain, and cortical lesion volume. Injured animals treated with JC124 also had significantly reduced protein expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, IL-1 beta, TNFα, iNOS, and caspase-1. Conclusion Our data suggest that our novel NLRP3 inhibitor has a specific anti-inflammatory effect to protect the injured brain following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kuwar
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
| | - Andrew Rolfe
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
| | - Long Di
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
| | - Hongyu Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
| | - Liu He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
| | - Yuqi Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA.
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Ward R, Li W, Abdul Y, Jackson L, Dong G, Jamil S, Filosa J, Fagan SC, Ergul A. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition with MCC950 improves diabetes-mediated cognitive impairment and vasoneuronal remodeling after ischemia. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:237-250. [PMID: 30818045 PMCID: PMC6486792 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes increases the risk and worsens the progression of cognitive impairment via the greater occurrence of small vessel disease and stroke. Yet, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. It is now accepted that cardiovascular health is critical for brain health and any neurorestorative approaches to prevent/delay cognitive deficits should target the conceptual neurovascular unit (NVU) rather than neurons alone. We have recently shown that there is augmented hippocampal NVU remodeling after a remote ischemic injury in diabetes. NLRP3 inflammasome signaling has been implicated in the development of diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases, but little is known about the impact of NLRP3 activation on functional and structural interaction within the NVU of hippocampus, a critical part of the brain that is involved in forming, organizing, and storing memories. Endothelial cells are at the center of the NVU and produce trophic factors such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) contributing to neuronal survival, known as vasotrophic coupling. Therefore, the aims of this study focused on two hypotheses: 1) diabetes negatively impacts hippocampal NVU remodeling and worsens cognitive outcome after stroke, and 2) NLRP3 inhibition with MCC950 will improve NVU remodeling and cognitive outcome following stroke via vasotrophic (un)coupling between endothelial cells and hippocampal neurons. Stroke was induced through a 90-min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in control and high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced (HFD/STZ) diabetic male Wistar rats. Saline or MCC950 (3 mg/kg), an inhibitor of NLRP3, was injected at 1 and 3 h after reperfusion. Cognition was assessed over time and neuronal density, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability as well as NVU remodeling (aquaporin-4 [AQP4] polarity) was measured on day 14 after stroke. BDNF was measured in endothelial and hippocampal neuronal cultures under hypoxic and diabetes-mimicking condition with and without NLRP3 inhibition. Diabetes increased neuronal degeneration and BBB permeability, disrupted AQP4 polarity, impaired cognitive function and amplified NLRP3 activation after ischemia. Inhibition with MCC950 improved cognitive function and vascular integrity after stroke in diabetic animals and prevented hypoxia-mediated decrease in BDNF secretion. These results are the first to provide essential data showing MCC950 has the potential to become a therapeutic to prevent neurovascular remodeling and worsened cognitive decline in diabetic patients following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ward
- Departments of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Weiguo Li
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Yasir Abdul
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - LaDonya Jackson
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Guangkuo Dong
- Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Sarah Jamil
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Jessica Filosa
- Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Susan C Fagan
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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125
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Xu F, Shen G, Su Z, He Z, Yuan L. Glibenclamide ameliorates the disrupted blood-brain barrier in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01254. [PMID: 30859754 PMCID: PMC6456786 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glibenclamide is a widely used sulfonylurea drug prescribed to treat type II diabetes mellitus. Previous studies have demonstrated that glibenclamide has neuroprotective effects in central nervous system injury. However, the exact mechanism by which glibenclamide acts on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to validate the neuroprotective effects of glibenclamide on ICH and to explore the mechanisms underlying these effects. METHODS We investigated the effects of glibenclamide on experimental ICH using the autologous blood infusion model. Glibenclamide was administrated either immediately or 2 hr after ICH. Brain edema was quantified using the wet-dry method 3 days after injury. BBB integrity was evaluated by Evans Blue extravasation and degradation of the tight junction protein zona occludens-1 (ZO-1). mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor with a pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and cell viability were also measured in cerebral microvascular endothelial b.End3 cells exposed to hemin. Neurological changes were evaluated by the Garcia score and rotarod test. RESULTS After ICH, the brain water content, Evans Blue extravasation, and inflammatory cytokines decreased significantly in the ipsilateral hemisphere of the experimental compared to the vehicle group. Glibenclamide treatment and NLRP3 knockdown significantly reduced hemin-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, release of extracellular lactate dehydrogenase, apoptosis, and loss of ZO-1 in b.End3 cells. However, NLRP3 knockdown abolished the protective effect of glibenclamide. CONCLUSION Glibenclamide maintained BBB integrity in experimental ICH by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in microvessel endothelial cells. Our findings will contribute to elucidating the pharmacological mechanism of action of glibenclamide and to developing a novel therapy for clinical ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minhang District Central hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minhang District Central hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuopeng Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minhang District Central hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijian He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minhang District Central hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lutao Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Minhang District Central hospital, Shanghai, China
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Novgorodov SA, Voltin JR, Wang W, Tomlinson S, Riley CL, Gudz TI. Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency protects mitochondria and improves function recovery after brain injury. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:609-623. [PMID: 30662008 PMCID: PMC6399498 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m091132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and a prominent risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. The expansion of nervous tissue damage after the initial trauma involves a multifactorial cascade of events, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and deregulation of sphingolipid metabolism that further mitochondrial dysfunction and secondary brain damage. Here, we show that a posttranscriptional activation of an acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), a key enzyme of the sphingolipid recycling pathway, resulted in a selective increase of sphingosine in mitochondria during the first week post-TBI that was accompanied by reduced activity of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase and activation of the Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome. TBI-induced mitochondrial abnormalities were rescued in the brains of ASM KO mice, which demonstrated improved behavioral deficit recovery compared with WT mice. Furthermore, an elevated autophagy in an ASM-deficient brain at the baseline and during the development of secondary brain injury seems to foster the preservation of mitochondria and brain function after TBI. Of note, ASM deficiency attenuated the early stages of reactive astrogliosis progression in an injured brain. These findings highlight the crucial role of ASM in governing mitochondrial dysfunction and brain-function impairment, emphasizing the importance of sphingolipids in the neuroinflammatory response to TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Novgorodov
- Departments of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Joshua R Voltin
- Departments of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Wenxue Wang
- Microbiology and Immunology Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Microbiology and Immunology Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | | | - Tatyana I Gudz
- Departments of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center Charleston, SC 29401
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127
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Pirozhkov SV, Terebilina NN, Litvitskiy PF. [A role of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of neurological and mental diseases]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 118:81-91. [PMID: 30698567 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201811812181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are macromolecular complexes that contain many copies of receptors recognizing molecular patterns of pathogenic agents (PAMP) and damage-associated structures (DAMP), and also include molecules of adapter protein ASC and procaspase-1. Activation of inflammasomes leads to the formation of active caspase-1 that, in turn, provides the maturation of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 to IL-1β and IL-18. The latter cytokines play an important role in control of neuroinlfammation in the central nervous system contributing to the pathogenesis of a series of neurological, neurodegenerative and mental disorders. The review discusses the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome and other their types in the development of the traumatic brain injury, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, brain tumors, CNS infections, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depressiver, and consequences of alcohol abuse. The elucidation of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways controlled by inflammasomes will allow the development of new therapeutic measures for diseases, in which neuroinflammation plays a leading pathogenetic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Pirozhkov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the MH, Moscow, Russia
| | - N N Terebilina
- Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - P F Litvitskiy
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the MH, Moscow, Russia
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128
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Abstract
Neuroinflammation is initiated as a result of traumatic brain injury and can exacerbate evolving tissue pathology. Immune cells respond to acute signals from damaged cells, initiate neuroinflammation, and drive the pathological consequences over time. Importantly, the mechanism(s) of injury, the location of the immune cells within the brain, and the animal species all contribute to immune cell behavior following traumatic brain injury. Understanding the signals that initiate neuroinflammation and the context in which they appear may be critical for understanding immune cell contributions to pathology and regeneration. Within this paper, we review a number of factors that could affect immune cell behavior acutely following traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Wofford
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center; School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J Loane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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129
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Sun K, Xia H. Serum levels of NLRP3 and HMGB-1 are associated with the prognosis of patients with severe blunt abdominal trauma. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2019; 74:e729. [PMID: 31411276 PMCID: PMC6683302 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2019/e729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between the serum levels of NLRP3 and HMGB-1 and the prognosis of patients with severe blunt abdominal trauma. METHODS In total, 299 patients were included in the current study from July 2014 to December 2015. All patients were divided into the mild/moderate blunt abdominal trauma group and the severe blunt abdominal trauma group according to their injury severity scores. Serum levels of NLRP3 and HMGB-1 were measured upon admission (0 h) and at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 days after admission. RESULTS Compared with the healthy controls, both the mild/moderate and severe blunt abdominal trauma groups had higher serum levels of NLRP3 and HMGB-1 at admission. At all points, the serum levels of NLRP3 and HMGB-1 were significantly higher in the severe group than in the mild/moderate group. The serum levels of both NLRP3 and HMGB-1 were significantly higher in the deceased patients than in the living patients. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that compared with patients with higher levels of NLRP3 or HMGB-1, those with lower levels had longer survival times. The serum levels of both NLRP3 and HMGB-1 were independent risk factors for 6-month mortality in severe blunt abdominal trauma patients. CONCLUSION The serum levels of NLRP3 and HMGB-1 were significantly elevated in severe blunt abdominal trauma patients, and the serum levels of both NLRP3 and HMGB-1 were correlated with 6-month mortality in severe blunt abdominal trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanxue Sun
- Department of General Surgery, GongLi Hospital of Shanghai Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 200135, China
- Department of Ultrasound, GongLi Hospital of Shanghai Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Hongwei Xia
- Department of Ultrasound, GongLi Hospital of Shanghai Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 200135, China
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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130
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Kerr N, Lee SW, Perez-Barcena J, Crespi C, Ibañez J, Bullock MR, Dietrich WD, Keane RW, de Rivero Vaccari JP. Inflammasome proteins as biomarkers of traumatic brain injury. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0210128. [PMID: 30596792 PMCID: PMC6312377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammasome plays an important role in the inflammatory innate immune response after central nervous system (CNS) injury. Inhibition of the inflammasome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in improved outcomes by lowering the levels of caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1b. We have previously shown that inflammasome proteins are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with TBI and that higher levels of these proteins were consistent with poorer outcomes after TBI when compared to patients that presented these inflammasome proteins at lower levels. METHODS AND FINDINGS Here we extend our work by analyzing serum from 21 TBI patients and CSF from 18 TBI patients compared to 120 serum samples and 30 CSF samples from no-TBI donor controls for the expression of caspase-1, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), interleukin(IL)-1b and IL-18. Analysis was carried out using the Ella Simple Plex system (Protein Simple) to determine the sensitivity and specificity of inflammasome proteins as biomarkers of TBI. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, confidence intervals and likelihood ratios for each biomarker was determined. ROC curves, confidence intervals, sensitivity and specificity for each biomarker examined revealed that caspase-1 (0.93 area under the curve (AUC)) and ASC (0.90 AUC) in serum and ASC (1.0 AUC) and IL-18 (0.84 AUC) in CSF are promising biomarkers of TBI pathology. Importantly, higher protein levels (above 547.6 pg/ml) of ASC (0.91 AUC) were consistent with poorer outcomes after TBI as determined by the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that inflammasome proteins are excellent diagnostic and predictive biomarkers of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kerr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Neuroscience Program, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, United States of America
| | - Stephanie W Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Neuroscience Program, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, United States of America
| | - Jon Perez-Barcena
- Intensive Care Department, Son Espases Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina Crespi
- Fundacio Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Son Espases Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Javier Ibañez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Son Espases Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M Ross Bullock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Neuroscience Program, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America.,Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Neuroscience Program, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America.,Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Neuroscience Program, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, United States of America
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Neuroscience Program, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America.,Department of Neurological Surgery, The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
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131
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Peng Y, Li H, Chen D. Silencing astrocyte elevated gene-1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and mucosal barrier injury in NCM460 cells by suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Cell Biol Int 2018; 43:56-64. [PMID: 30489008 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- Emergency Department; Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital; No. 168 Xiangshan Road Jingmen Hubei Province 448000 China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery; Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital; No. 168 Xiangshan Road Jingmen Hubei Province 448000 China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of General Surgery; Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital; No. 168 Xiangshan Road Jingmen Hubei Province 448000 China
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132
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Younger D, Murugan M, Rama Rao KV, Wu LJ, Chandra N. Microglia Receptors in Animal Models of Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:5202-5228. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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133
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Fan C, Song Q, Wang P, Li Y, Yang M, Yu SY. Neuroprotective Effects of Ginsenoside-Rg1 Against Depression-Like Behaviors via Suppressing Glial Activation, Synaptic Deficits, and Neuronal Apoptosis in Rats. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2889. [PMID: 30581440 PMCID: PMC6292928 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is considered a neuropsychiatric disease associated with various neuronal changes within specific brain regions. We previously reported that ginsenoside-Rg1, a potential neuroprotective agent extracted from ginseng, significantly alleviated depressive-like disorders induced by chronic stress in rats. However, the mechanisms by which ginsenoside-Rg1 exerts its neuroprotective effects in depression remain largely uncharacterized. In the present study we confirm that ginsenoside-Rg1 significantly prevented the antidepressant-like effects in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and report on some of the underlying mechanisms associated with this effect. Specifically, we found that chronic pretreatment with ginsenoside-Rg1 prior to stress exposure significantly suppressed inflammatory pathway activity via alleviating the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines and the activation of microglia and astrocytes. These effects were accompanied with an attenuation of dendritic spine and synaptic deficits as associated with an upregulation of synaptic-related proteins in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). In addition, ginsenoside-Rg1 inhibited neuronal apoptosis induced by CUMS exposure, increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased cleaved Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 expression within the vmPFC region. Furthermore, ginsenoside-Rg1 could increase the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) expression and inhibit p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 subunit activation within the vmPFC. Taken together, these results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside-Rg1, which may assume the antidepressant-like effect in this animal model of depression, appears to result from amelioration of a CUMS-dependent neuronal deterioration within the vmPFC. Moreover, they also provide support for the therapeutic potential of ginsenoside-Rg1 in the treatment of stress-related mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiqin Fan
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qiqi Song
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shu Yan Yu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Fan C, Song Q, Wang P, Li Y, Yang M, Liu B, Yu SY. Curcumin Protects Against Chronic Stress-induced Dysregulation of Neuroplasticity and Depression-like Behaviors via Suppressing IL-1β Pathway in Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 392:92-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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135
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Administration of Dexmedetomidine inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome and microglial cell activities in hippocampus of traumatic brain injury rats. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180892. [PMID: 30232232 PMCID: PMC6435454 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormally high nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activity is a typical characteristic of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a highly selective α-2 adrenergic receptor agonist that inhibits the activation of NLRP3. Thus, it was hypothesized that Dex could attenuate TBI by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activity in hippocampus. Rats were subjected to controlled cortical impact method to induce TBI, and treated with Dex. The effect of Dex treatment on the cognitive function, NLRP3 activity, and microglial activation in rat brain tissues was assessed. The administration of Dex improved performance of TBI rats in Morris water maze (MWM) test, which was associated with the increased neurone viability and suppressed microglia activity. Moreover, the administration of Dex inhibited the neuroinflammation in brain tissue as well as the expressions of NLRP3 and caspase-1. Additionally, Dex and NLRP3 inhibitor, BAY-11-7082 had a synergistic effect in inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1 axis activity and improving TBI. The findings outlined in the current study indicated that the improvement effect of Dex on TBI was related to its effect on NLRP3 activity.
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Ma C, Liu S, Zhang S, Xu T, Yu X, Gao Y, Zhai C, Li C, Lei C, Fan S, Chen Y, Tian H, Wang Q, Cheng F, Wang X. Evidence and perspective for the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway in ischemic stroke and its therapeutic potential (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2979-2990. [PMID: 30280193 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the main causes of death and disablement globally. The NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is established as a sensor of detecting cellular damage and modulating inflammatory responses to injury during the progress of ischemic stroke. Inhibiting or blocking the NLRP3 inflammasome at different stages, including expression, assembly, and secretion, may have great promise to improve the neurological deficits during ischemic stroke. The current review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding in the literature of the molecular structure, expression, and assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and highlights its potential as a novel therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Shuling Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Tian Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yushan Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Changming Zhai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Changxiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Chaofang Lei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Shuning Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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137
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The pathological role of NLRs and AIM2 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in damaged blood-brain barrier after traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2018; 1697:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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138
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Sulhan S, Lyon KA, Shapiro LA, Huang JH. Neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption following traumatic brain injury: Pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets. J Neurosci Res 2018; 98:19-28. [PMID: 30259550 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the most frequent cause of death and disability in young adults and children in the developed world, occurring in over 1.7 million persons and resulting in 50,000 deaths in the United States alone. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that between 3.2 and 5.3 million persons in the United States live with a TBI-related disability, including several neurocognitive disorders and functional limitations. Following the primary mechanical injury in TBI, literature suggests the presence of a delayed secondary injury involving a variety of neuroinflammatory changes. In the hours to days following a TBI, several signaling molecules and metabolic derangements result in disruption of the blood-brain barrier, leading to an extravasation of immune cells and cerebral edema. The primary, sudden injury in TBI occurs as a direct result of impact and therefore cannot be treated, but the timeline and pathophysiology of the delayed, secondary injury allows for a window of possible therapeutic options. The goal of this review is to discuss the pathophysiology of the primary and delayed injury in TBI as well as present several preclinical studies that identify molecular targets in the potential treatment of TBI. Additionally, certain recent clinical trials are briefly discussed to demonstrate the current state of TBI investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Sulhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health Neuroscience Institute, Temple, Texas.,College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, Texas
| | - Kristopher A Lyon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health Neuroscience Institute, Temple, Texas.,College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, Texas
| | - Lee A Shapiro
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, Texas
| | - Jason H Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health Neuroscience Institute, Temple, Texas.,College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Temple, Texas
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139
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Newcombe EA, Camats-Perna J, Silva ML, Valmas N, Huat TJ, Medeiros R. Inflammation: the link between comorbidities, genetics, and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:276. [PMID: 30249283 PMCID: PMC6154824 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, most cases of which lack a clear causative event. This has made the disease difficult to characterize and, thus, diagnose. Although some cases are genetically linked, there are many diseases and lifestyle factors that can lead to an increased risk of developing AD, including traumatic brain injury, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and other metabolic syndromes, in addition to aging. Identifying common factors and trends between these conditions could enhance our understanding of AD and lead to the development of more effective treatments. Although the immune system is one of the body’s key defense mechanisms, chronic inflammation has been increasingly linked with several age-related diseases. Moreover, it is now well accepted that chronic inflammation has an important role in the onset and progression of AD. In this review, the different inflammatory signals associated with AD and its risk factors will be outlined to demonstrate how chronic inflammation may be influencing individual susceptibility to AD. Our goal is to bring attention to potential shared signals presented by the immune system during different conditions that could lead to the development of successful treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estella A Newcombe
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia.
| | - Judith Camats-Perna
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Mallone L Silva
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Valmas
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Tee Jong Huat
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Stem Cell Ageing and Regenerative Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Medeiros
- Neurula Laboratory, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Building 79, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia.
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140
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Xu X, Yin D, Ren H, Gao W, Li F, Sun D, Wu Y, Zhou S, Lyu L, Yang M, Xiong J, Han L, Jiang R, Zhang J. Selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor reduces neuroinflammation and improves long-term neurological outcomes in a murine model of traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 117:15-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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141
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Bortolotti P, Faure E, Kipnis E. Inflammasomes in Tissue Damages and Immune Disorders After Trauma. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1900. [PMID: 30166988 PMCID: PMC6105702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Hemorrhagic shock and direct injury to vital organs are responsible for early mortality whereas most delayed deaths are secondary to complex pathophysiological processes. These processes result from imbalanced systemic reactions to the multiple aggressions associated with trauma. Trauma results in the uncontrolled local and systemic release of endogenous mediators acting as danger signals [damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)]. Their recognition by the innate immune system triggers a pro-inflammatory immune response paradoxically associated with concomitant immunosuppression. These responses, ranging in intensity from inappropriate to overwhelming, promote the propagation of injuries to remote organs, leading to multiple organ failure and death. Some of the numerous DAMPs released after trauma trigger the assembly of intracellular multiprotein complexes named inflammasomes. Once activated by a ligand, inflammasomes lead to the activation of a caspase. Activated caspases allow the release of mature forms of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 and trigger a specific pro-inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. Accumulating data suggest that inflammasomes, mainly NLRP3, NLRP1, and AIM2, are involved in the generation of tissue damage and immune dysfunction after trauma. Following trauma-induced DAMP(s) recognition, inflammasomes participate in multiple ways in the development of exaggerated systemic and organ-specific inflammatory response, contributing to organ damage. Inflammasomes are involved in the innate responses to traumatic brain injury and contribute to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Inflammasomes may also play a role in post-trauma immunosuppression mediated by dysregulated monocyte functions. Characterizing the involvement of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of post-trauma syndrome is a key issue as they may be potential therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the roles of inflammasomes in trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Bortolotti
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Faure
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Kipnis
- Surgical Critical Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Centre Hospitalier Regional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.,Host-Pathogen Translational Research, Faculté de Médecine, Université Lille 2 Droit et Santé, Lille, France
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142
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Dunton CL, Purves JT, Hughes FM, Jin H, Nagatomi J. Elevated hydrostatic pressure stimulates ATP release which mediates activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome via P2X 4 in rat urothelial cells. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:1607-1617. [PMID: 30099658 PMCID: PMC6129973 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1948-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) is a prevalent urological condition commonly accompanied by increased intravesical pressure, inflammation, and fibrosis. Studies have demonstrated that pBOO results in increased NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 activation and that ATP is released from urothelial cells in response to elevated pressure. In the present study, we investigated the role of elevated pressure in triggering caspase-1 activation via purinergic receptors activation in urothelial cells. Rat urothelial cell line, MYP3 cells, was subjected to hydrostatic pressures of 15 cmH2O for 60 min, or 40 cmH2O for 1 min to simulate elevated storage and voiding pressure conditions, respectively. ATP concentration in the supernatant media and intracellular caspase-1 activity in cell lysates were measured. Pressure experiments were repeated in the presence of antagonists for purinergic receptors to determine the mechanism for pressure-induced caspase-1 activation. Exposure of MYP3 cells to both pressure conditions resulted in an increase in extracellular ATP levels and intracellular caspase-1 activity. Treatment with P2X7 antagonist led to a decrease in pressure-induced ATP release by MYP3 cells, while P2X4 antagonist had no effect but both antagonists inhibited pressure-induced caspase-1 activation. Moreover, when MYP3 cells were treated with extracellular ATP (500 µM), P2X4 antagonist inhibited ATP-induced caspase-1 activation, but not P2X7 antagonist. We concluded that pressure-induced extracellular ATP in urothelial cells is amplified by P2X7 receptor activation and ATP-induced-ATP release. The amplified ATP signal then activates P2X4 receptors, which mediate activation of the caspase-1 inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody L Dunton
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - J Todd Purves
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Francis M Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Huixia Jin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiro Nagatomi
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
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143
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Gugliandolo E, D'Amico R, Cordaro M, Fusco R, Siracusa R, Crupi R, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Neuroprotective Effect of Artesunate in Experimental Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2018; 9:590. [PMID: 30108544 PMCID: PMC6079305 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are an important public health challenge. In addition, subsequent events at TBI can compromise the quality of life of these patients. In fact, TBI is associated with several complications for both long and short term, some evidence shows how TBI is associated with a decline in cognitive functions such as the risk of developing dementia, cerebral atrophy, and Parkinson disease. After the direct damage from TBI, a key role in TBI injury is played by the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, that contributes to tissue damage and to neurodegenerative processes, typical of secondary injury, after TBI. Given the complex series of events that are involved after TBI injury, a multitarget pharmacological approach is needed. Artesunate is a more stable derivative of its precursor artemisin, a sesquiterpene lactone obtained from a Chinese plant Artemisia annua, a plant used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine. artesunate has been shown to be a pluripotent agent with different pharmacological actions. therefore, in this experimental model of TBI we evaluated whether the treatment with artesunate at the dose of 30 mg\Kg, had an efficacy in reducing the neuroinflammatory process after TBI injury, and in inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, which plays a key role in the inflammatory process. We also assessed whether treatment with artesunate was able to exert a neuroprotective action by modulating the release of neurotrophic factors. our results show that artesunate was able to reduce the TBI-induced lesion, it also showed an anti-inflammatory action through the inhibition of Nf-kb, release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α and through the inhibition NLRP3 inflammasome complex, furthermore was able to reduce the activation of astrocytes and microglia (GFAP, Iba-1). Finally, our results show that the protective effects of artesunate also occur through the modulation of neurotrophic factors (BDNF, GDNF, NT-3) that play a key role in neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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144
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Lee SW, Gajavelli S, Spurlock MS, Andreoni C, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Bullock MR, Keane RW, Dietrich WD. Microglial Inflammasome Activation in Penetrating Ballistic-Like Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1681-1693. [PMID: 29439605 PMCID: PMC6016174 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Penetrating traumatic brain injury (PTBI) is a significant cause of death and disability in the United States. Inflammasomes are one of the key regulators of the interleukin (IL)-1β mediated inflammatory responses after traumatic brain injury. However, the contribution of inflammasome signaling after PTBI has not been determined. In this study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham procedures or penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI) and sacrificed at various time-points. Tissues were assessed by immunoblot analysis for expression of IL-1β, IL-18, and components of the inflammasome: apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-activation and recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and gasdermin-D (GSDMD). Specific cell types expressing inflammasome proteins also were evaluated immunohistochemically and assessed quantitatively. After PBBI, expression of IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, ASC, XIAP, and NLRP3 peaked around 48 h. Brain protein lysates from PTBI animals showed pyroptosome formation evidenced by ASC laddering, and also contained increased expression of GSDMD at 48 h after injury. ASC-positive immunoreactive neurons within the perilesional cortex were observed at 24 h. At 48 h, ASC expression was concentrated in morphologically activated cortical microglia. This expression of ASC in activated microglia persisted until 12 weeks following PBBI. This is the first report of inflammasome activation after PBBI. Our results demonstrate cell-specific patterns of inflammasome activation and pyroptosis predominantly in microglia, suggesting a sustained pro-inflammatory state following PBBI, thus offering a therapeutic target for this type of brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W. Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Shyam Gajavelli
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Markus S. Spurlock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Cody Andreoni
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - M. Ross Bullock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert W. Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - W. Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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145
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Swanton T, Cook J, Beswick JA, Freeman S, Lawrence CB, Brough D. Is Targeting the Inflammasome a Way Forward for Neuroscience Drug Discovery? SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:991-1017. [PMID: 29969573 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218786210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is becoming increasingly recognized as a critical factor in the pathology of both acute and chronic neurological conditions. Inflammasomes such as the one formed by NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains containing protein 3 (NLRP3) are key regulators of inflammation due to their ability to induce the processing and secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β). IL-1β has previously been identified as a potential therapeutic target in a variety of conditions due to its ability to promote neuronal damage under conditions of injury. Thus, inflammasome inhibition has the potential to curtail inflammatory signaling, which could prove beneficial in certain diseases. In this review, we discuss the evidence for inflammasome contributions to the pathology of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and acute degeneration following brain trauma or stroke. In addition, we review the current landscape of drug development targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Swanton
- 1 Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James Cook
- 1 Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James A Beswick
- 2 Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sally Freeman
- 2 Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine B Lawrence
- 1 Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Brough
- 1 Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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146
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Vats K, Sarmah D, Kaur H, Wanve M, Kalia K, Borah A, Dave KR, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Inflammasomes in stroke: a triggering role for acid-sensing ion channels. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1431:14-24. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vats
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad; Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad; Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad; Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Madhuri Wanve
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad; Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad; Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory; Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics; Assam University; Silchar Assam India
| | - Kunjan R. Dave
- Department of Neurology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Dileep R. Yavagal
- Department of Neurology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad; Gandhinagar Gujarat India
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147
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Wallisch JS, Simon DW, Bayır H, Bell MJ, Kochanek PM, Clark RSB. Cerebrospinal Fluid NLRP3 is Increased After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Infants and Children. Neurocrit Care 2018; 27:44-50. [PMID: 28181102 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-017-0378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation may cause secondary injury following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children. The pattern recognition receptors NACHT domain-, Leucine-rich repeat-, and PYD-containing Protein 1 (NLRP1) and NLRP3 are essential components of their respective inflammasome complexes. We sought to investigate whether NLRP1 and/or NLRP3 abundance is altered in children with severe TBI. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from children (n = 34) with severe TBI (Glasgow coma scale score [GCS] ≤8) who had externalized ventricular drains (EVD) placed for routine care was evaluated for NLRP1 and NLRP3 at 0-24, 25-48, 49-72, and >72 h post-TBI and was compared to infection-free controls that underwent lumbar puncture to rule out CNS infection (n = 8). Patient age, sex, initial GCS, mechanism of injury, treatment with therapeutic hypothermia, and 6-month Glasgow outcome score were collected. RESULTS CSF NLRP1 was undetectable in controls and detected in 2 TBI patients at only <24 h post-TBI. CSF NLRP3 levels were increased in TBI patients compared with controls at all time points, p < 0.001. TBI patients ≤4 years of age had higher peak NLRP3 levels versus patients >4 (15.50 [3.65-25.71] vs. 3.04 [1.52-8.87] ng/mL, respectively; p = 0.048). Controlling for initial GCS in multivariate analysis, peak NLRP3 >6.63 ng/mL was independently associated with poor outcome at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS In the first report of NLRP1 and NLRP3 in childhood neurotrauma, we found that CSF NLRP3 is elevated in children with severe TBI and independently associated with younger age and poor outcome. Future studies correlating NLRP3 with other markers of inflammation and response to therapy are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Wallisch
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dennis W Simon
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Bell
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert S B Clark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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148
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Osier N, Motamedi V, Edwards K, Puccio A, Diaz-Arrastia R, Kenney K, Gill J. Exosomes in Acquired Neurological Disorders: New Insights into Pathophysiology and Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:9280-9293. [PMID: 29663285 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are endogenous nanovesicles that play critical roles in intercellular signaling by conveying functional genetic information and proteins between cells. Exosomes readily cross the blood-brain barrier and have promise as therapeutic delivery vehicles that have the potential to specifically deliver molecules to the central nervous system (CNS). This unique feature also makes exosomes attractive as biomarkers in diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics in the context of multiple significant public health conditions, including acquired neurological disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize the state of the science surrounding the relevance of extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, to acquire neurological disorders, specifically traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), and ischemic stroke. In total, ten research articles were identified that examined exosomes in the context of TBI, SCI, or stroke; these manuscripts were reviewed and synthesized to further understand the current role of exosomes in the context of acquired neurological disorders. Of the ten published studies, four focused exclusively on TBI, one on both TBI and SCI, and five on ischemic stroke; notably, eight of the ten studies were limited to pre-clinical samples. The present review is the first to discuss the current body of knowledge surrounding the role of exosomes in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prognosis, as well as promising therapeutic strategies in TBI, SCI, and stroke research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Osier
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, 1 Cloister Ct, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA. .,University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Vida Motamedi
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, 1 Cloister Ct, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Katie Edwards
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, 1 Cloister Ct, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Healthcare Genetics Doctoral Program, Clemson University School of Nursing, 508 Edwards, Clemson, SC, 29631, USA
| | - Ava Puccio
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite B-400, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Suite 205 Medical Office Building, 51 N 39TH ST, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Building 51, Room 2306, 4860 South Palmer Road, Bethesda, MD, 20889-5649, USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, 1 Cloister Ct, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
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149
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Ismael S, Nasoohi S, Ishrat T. MCC950, the Selective Inhibitor of Nucleotide Oligomerization Domain-Like Receptor Protein-3 Inflammasome, Protects Mice against Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1294-1303. [PMID: 29295651 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome may intimately contribute to sustaining damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aims to examine whether specific modulation of NLPR3 inflammasome by MCC950, a novel selective NLRP3 inhibitor, confers protection after experimental TBI. Unilateral cortical impact injury was induced in young adult C57BL/6 mice. MCC950 (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or saline was administration at 1 and 3 h post-TBI. Animals were tested for neurological function and then sacrificed at 24 or 72 h post-TBI. Immunoblotting and histological analysis were performed to identify markers of NLRP3 inflammasome and proapoptotic activity in pericontusional areas of the brains at 24 or 72 h post-TBI. MCC950 treatment provided a significant improvement in neurological function and reduced cerebral edema in TBI animals. TBI upregulated NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like adapter protein (ASC), cleaved caspase-1, and interlukein-1β (IL-1β) in the perilesional area. MCC950 efficiently repressed caspase-1 and IL-1β with a transient effect on ASC and NLRP3 post-TBI. MCC950 treatment also provided protection against proapoptotic activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase-3 associated with TBI. A concurrent inhibition of inflammasome priming was also detectable at the nuclear factor kappa B/p65 and caspase-1 level. Our findings support the implication of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of TBI and further suggests the therapeutic potential of MCC950.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifudeen Ismael
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sanaz Nasoohi
- 2 Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- 1 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee.,3 Neuroscience Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee
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150
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Liu W, Chen Y, Meng J, Wu M, Bi F, Chang C, Li H, Zhang L. Ablation of caspase-1 protects against TBI-induced pyroptosis in vitro and in vivo. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:48. [PMID: 29458437 PMCID: PMC5817788 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a critical public health and socioeconomic problem throughout the world. Inflammation-induced secondary injury is one of the vital pathogenic parameters of TBI. Molecular signaling cascades of pyroptosis, a specific type of cellular necrosis, are key drivers of TBI-induced inflammation. Methods In this study, mice with genetically ablated caspase-1 (caspase-1−/−) were subjected to controlled cortical impact injury in vivo, and primary neuron deficient in caspase-1 through siRNA knockdown and pharmacologic inhibition was stimulated by mechanical scratch, equiaxial stretch, and LPS/ATP in vitro. We evaluated the effects of caspase-1 deficiency on neurological deficits, inflammatory factors, histopathology, cell apoptosis, and pyroptosis. Results During the acute post-injury period (0–48 h) in vivo, motor deficits, anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β and IL-10), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-18), and blood lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as pyroptosis-related proteins (caspase-1, caspase-1 fragments, caspase-11 and GSDMD), were increased. Caspase-1 was activated in the cortex of TBI mice. Inflammatory activation was more profound in injured wild-type mice than in caspase-1−/− mice. In vitro, mechanical scratch, equiaxial stretch, and LPS/ATP-induced neuron pyroptosis, apoptosis, LDH release, and increased expression of inflammatory factors. The effects of mechanical and inflammatory stress were reduced through inhibition of caspase-1 activity through siRNA knockdown and pharmacologic inhibition. Conclusion Collectively, these data demonstrate that pyroptosis is involved in neuroinflammation and neuronal injury after TBI, and ablation of caspase-1 inhibits TBI-induced pyroptosis. Our findings suggest that caspase-1 may be a potential target for TBI therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1083-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Peihua University, Xi'an, 710125, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People Hospital, Xi'an, 710043, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Peihua University, Xi'an, 710125, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People Hospital, Xi'an, 710043, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiao Meng
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Peihua University, Xi'an, 710125, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People Hospital, Xi'an, 710043, People's Republic of China
| | - Minfei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 8974617, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Bi
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Peihua University, Xi'an, 710125, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People Hospital, Xi'an, 710043, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Chang
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Peihua University, Xi'an, 710125, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People Hospital, Xi'an, 710043, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People Hospital, Xi'an, 710043, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangjun Zhang
- Department of Medical Science Research Center, Shaanxi Fourth People Hospital, Xi'an, 710043, People's Republic of China
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