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Silva VNB, da Silva TLC, Ferreira TMM, Neto JCR, Leão AP, de Aquino Ribeiro JA, Abdelnur PV, Valadares LF, de Sousa CAF, Júnior MTS. Multi-omics Analysis of Young Portulaca oleracea L. Plants' Responses to High NaCl Doses Reveals Insights into Pathways and Genes Responsive to Salinity Stress in this Halophyte Species. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:1-21. [PMID: 36947413 PMCID: PMC9883379 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinity is among the abiotic stressors that threaten agriculture the most, and purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a dicot species adapted to inland salt desert and saline habitats that hyper accumulates salt and has high phytoremediation potential. Many researchers consider purslane a suitable model species to study the mechanisms of plant tolerance to drought and salt stresses. Here, a robust salinity stress protocol was developed and used to characterize the morphophysiological responses of young purslane plants to salinity stress; then, leaf tissue underwent characterization by distinct omics platforms to gain further insights into its response to very high salinity stress. The salinity stress protocol did generate different levels of stress by gradients of electrical conductivity at field capacity and water potential in the saturation extract of the substrate, and the morphological parameters indicated three distinct stress levels. As expected from a halophyte species, these plants remained alive under very high levels of salinity stress, showing salt crystal-like structures constituted mainly by Na+, Cl-, and K+ on and around closed stomata. A comprehensive and large-scale metabolome and transcriptome single and integrated analyses were then employed using leaf samples. The multi-omics integration (MOI) system analysis led to a data-set of 51 metabolic pathways with at least one enzyme and one metabolite differentially expressed due to salinity stress. These data sets (of genes and metabolites) are valuable for future studies aimed to deepen our knowledge on the mechanisms behind the high tolerance of this species to salinity stress. In conclusion, besides showing that this species applies salt exclusion already in young plants to support very high levels of salinity stress, the initial analysis of metabolites and transcripts data sets already give some insights into other salt tolerance mechanisms used by this species to support high levels of salinity stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-022-00061-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivianny Nayse Belo Silva
- Graduate Program of Plant Biotechnology, Federal University of Lavras, CP 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-000 Brazil
| | | | | | | | - André Pereira Leão
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, DF 70770‐901 Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Verardi Abdelnur
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO 74690‐900 Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, DF 70770‐901 Brazil
| | | | | | - Manoel Teixeira Souza Júnior
- Graduate Program of Plant Biotechnology, Federal University of Lavras, CP 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-000 Brazil
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, DF 70770‐901 Brazil
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102
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Alessandrino L, Colombani N, Aschonitis V, Eusebi AL, Mastrocicco M. Performance of graphene and traditional soil improvers in limiting nutrients and heavy metals leaching from a sandy Calcisol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159806. [PMID: 36349624 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Given the large amount of Graphene produced in the last years, there is the need to introduce this new material into a green and circular economy loop. In this study, for the first time, the fate of nutrients and heavy metals in a sandy Calcisol amended with Graphene was monitored and compared to other traditional improvers such as Compost, Zeolites, and Biochar. This was performed via saturated and unsaturated columns' experiments with two different fertilization regimes: one with NPK fertilizer and one with an innovative fertigation water (FW) produced from a pilot wastewater treatment plant. The breakthrough curves of each nutrient and heavy metal were analysed to understand the main processes occurring in saturated and unsaturated conditions, comparing the columns amended with the improvers versus the unamended Controls. Mass balances for each nutrient and heavy metal were developed to infer whether the different soil improvers were effective in minimizing leaching. Graphene, for most cases, behaved as the Control in nutrients' leaching for all the saturated and unsaturated experiments, both with NPK and FW. Biochar increased EC, K+, and pH of the leaching water, which could be an issue for the growth of some plants. Compost increased NO3- leaching in all the experiments. Zeolites showed the best N compounds retention, but great PO43- leaching in saturated conditions. Heavy metals leachates were analysed only for unsaturated columns (as more representative of field conditions) and found at concentrations well below the limits suggested by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Overall, Graphene performed well in minimizing nutrients and heavy metals leaching, respect to classical improvers. This study is a starting point for field studies that will be critical to have a clear understanding of how Graphene behaves in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Alessandrino
- DiSTABiF - Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Nicolò Colombani
- SIMAU - Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Vassilis Aschonitis
- Soil and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DIMITRA, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Laura Eusebi
- SIMAU - Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Micòl Mastrocicco
- DiSTABiF - Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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103
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Huang Z, Ye J, Zhai R, Wu M, Yu F, Zhu G, Wang Z, Zhang X, Ye S. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Heterosis of Salt Tolerance in Inter-Subspecific Hybrid Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032212. [PMID: 36768538 PMCID: PMC9916944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting rice growth. Hybrids outperform their parents in salt tolerance in rice, while its mechanism is not completely understood. In this study, a higher seedling survival was observed after salt treatment in an inter-subspecific hybrid rice, Zhegengyou1578 (ZGY1578), compared with its maternal japonica Zhegeng7A (ZG7A) and paternal indica Zhehui1578 (ZH1578). A total of 2584 and 3061 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with at least twofold changes were identified between ZGY1578 and ZG7A and between ZGY1578 and ZH1578, respectively, in roots under salt stress using the RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) approach. The expressions of a larger number of DEGs in hybrid were lower or higher than those of both parents. The DEGs associated with transcription factors, hormones, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes might be involved in the heterosis of salt tolerance. The expressions of the majority of transcription factors and ethylene-, auxin-, and gibberellin-related genes, as well as peroxidase genes, were significantly higher in the hybrid ZGY1578 compared with those of both parents. The identified genes provide valuable clues to elucidate the heterosis of salt tolerance in inter-subspecific hybrid rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Rongrong Zhai
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Mingming Wu
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Faming Yu
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Guofu Zhu
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhoufei Wang
- The Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shenghai Ye
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (S.Y.)
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104
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Moreira MH, They NH, Rodrigues LR, Alvarenga-Lucius L, Pita-Barbosa A. Salty freshwater macrophytes: the effects of salinization in freshwaters upon non-halophyte aquatic plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159608. [PMID: 36280080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salinization is a threat that affects aquatic ecosystems worldwide. As primary producers, freshwater macrophytes are of paramount importance in these ecosystems, however, information regarding the potential impacts of salinization upon these organisms is still scarce. In this review we provide a comprehensive and updated discussion of how freshwater macrophytes deal with salinity increase in freshwaters. We reviewed the salinity tolerance of widespread non-halophyte macrophytes through an overview of salinity tolerance mechanisms, their tolerance classification, and salinity effects at different levels of organization: from individuals to ecosystems. Thus, we demonstrated that widespread macrophytes that inhabit freshwaters display efficient salinity tolerance to salinity levels between 5 and 10 g L-1, and only a few species display tolerance to salinities higher than 10 g L-1. Widespread macrophytes demonstrated salinity tolerance of approximately 5 g L-1. Widespread macrophytes demonstrated salinity tolerance of approximately 5 g L-1. Emergent, floating and submerged species showed no significant difference in salinity tolerance. Salinity stress symptoms in freshwater macrophytes are somewhat similar to those of terrestrial plants and can show up even at slight salinity increases. Salinities higher than 1 g L-1 can negatively affect both physiology and diversity of non-halophyte macrophytes and cause long-term - and not well understood - changes in freshwater ecosystems. Salinization of freshwater ecosystems, among others threats, in combination with climate change, raise concerns about the future ecological status of freshwater ecosystems and the services they can provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Hoffmann Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Ng Haig They
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil; Departamento Interdisciplinar, Centro de Estudos Limnológicos, Costeiros e Marinhos, Campus Litoral Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Imbé, RS 95625-000, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Ribeiro Rodrigues
- Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Luna Alvarenga-Lucius
- Institut für Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3, Rostock D-18059, Germany
| | - Alice Pita-Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil; Departamento Interdisciplinar, Centro de Estudos Limnológicos, Costeiros e Marinhos, Campus Litoral Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Imbé, RS 95625-000, Brazil.
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105
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Aazami MA, Maleki M, Rasouli F, Gohari G. Protective effects of chitosan based salicylic acid nanocomposite (CS-SA NCs) in grape (Vitis vinifera cv. 'Sultana') under salinity stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:883. [PMID: 36650251 PMCID: PMC9845209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses that reduce plant growth and performance by changing physiological and biochemical processes. In addition to improving the crop, using nanomaterials in agriculture can reduce the harmful effects of environmental stresses, particularly salinity. A factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with two factors including salt stress at three levels (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl) and chitosan-salicylic acid nanocomposite at three levels (0, 0.1, and 0.5 mM). The results showed reductions in chlorophylls (a, b, and total), carotenoids, and nutrient elements (excluding sodium) while proline, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, total soluble protein, soluble carbohydrate, total antioxidant, and antioxidant enzymes activity increased with treatment chitosan-salicylic acid nanocomposite (CS-SA NCs) under different level NaCl. Salinity stress reduced Fm', Fm, and Fv/Fm by damage to photosynthetic systems, but treatment with CS-SA NCs improved these indices during salinity stress. In stress-free conditions, applying the CS-SA NCs improved the grapes' physiological, biochemical, and nutrient elemental balance traits. CS-SA NCs at 0.5 mM had a better effect on the studied traits of grapes under salinity stress. The CS-SA nanoparticle is a biostimulant that can be effectively used to improve the grape plant yield under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Aazami
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Maryam Maleki
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Farzad Rasouli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
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106
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Kaur S, Tiwari V, Kumari A, Chaudhary E, Sharma A, Ali U, Garg M. Protective and defensive role of anthocyanins under plant abiotic and biotic stresses: An emerging application in sustainable agriculture. J Biotechnol 2023; 361:12-29. [PMID: 36414125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Global warming is the major cause of abiotic and biotic stresses that reduce plant growth and productivity. Various stresses such as drought, low temperature, pathogen attack, high temperature and salinity all negatively influence plant growth and development. Due to sessile beings, they cannot escape from these adverse conditions. However, plants develop a variety of systems that can help them to tolerate, resist, and escape challenges imposed by the environment. Among them, anthocyanins are a good example of stress mitigators. They aid plant growth and development by increasing anthocyanin accumulation, which leads to increased resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. In the primary metabolism of plants, anthocyanin improves the photosynthesis rate, membrane permeability, up-regulates many enzyme transcripts related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, and optimizes nutrient uptake. Generally, the most important genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways were up-regulated under various abiotic and biotic stresses. The present review will highlight anthocyanin mediated stress tolerance in plants under various abiotic and biotic stresses. We have also compiled literature related to genetically engineer stress-tolerant crops generated using over-expression of genes belonging to anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway or its regulation. To sum up, the present review provides an up-to-date description of various signal transduction mechanisms that modulate or enhance anthocyanin accumulation under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satveer Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Vandita Tiwari
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anita Kumari
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Era Chaudhary
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Usman Ali
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Monika Garg
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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107
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Kwon EH, Adhikari A, Imran M, Lee DS, Lee CY, Kang SM, Lee IJ. Exogenous SA Applications Alleviate Salinity Stress via Physiological and Biochemical changes in St John's Wort Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:310. [PMID: 36679023 PMCID: PMC9861905 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The plant St. John's wort contains high levels of melatonin, an important biochemical that has both beneficial and adverse effects on stress. Therefore, a method for increasing melatonin levels in plants without adversely affecting their growth is economically important. In this study, we investigated the regulation of melatonin levels in St. John's wort by exposing samples to salinity stress (150 mM) and salicylic acid (0.25 mM) to augment stress tolerance. The results indicated that salinity stress significantly reduced the plant chlorophyll content and damaged the photosystem, plant growth and development. Additionally, these were reconfirmed with biochemical indicators; the levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and proline were increased and the activities of antioxidants were reduced. However, a significant increase was found in melatonin content under salinity stress through upregulation in the relative expression of tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT), and N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT). The salicylic acid (SA) treatment considerably improved their photosynthetic activity, the maximum photochemical quantum yield (133%), the potential activity of PSⅡ (294%), and the performance index of electron flux to the final PS I electron acceptors (2.4%). On the other hand, SA application reduced ABA levels (32%); enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) (15.4%) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (120%); and increased polyphenol (6.4%) and flavonoid (75.4%) levels in salinity-stressed St. John's wort plants. Similarly, SA application under NaCl stress significantly modulated the melatonin content in terms of ion balance; the level of melatonin was reduced after SA application on salt-treated seedlings but noticeably higher than on only SA-treated and non-treated seedlings. Moreover, the proline content was reduced considerably and growth parameters, such as plant biomass, shoot length, and chlorophyll content, were enhanced following treatment of salinity-stressed St. John's wort plants with salicylic acid. These findings demonstrate the beneficial impact of salt stress in terms of a cost-effective approach to extract melatonin in larger quantities from St. John's wort. They also suggest the efficiency of salicylic acid in alleviating stress tolerance and promoting growth of St. John's wort plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hae Kwon
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Arjun Adhikari
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Sol Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Yeol Lee
- Department of Statictics Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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108
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Li J, Gao X, Chen X, Fan Z, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Shi J, Wang C, Zhang H, Wang L, Zhao Q. Comparative transcriptome responses of leaf and root tissues to salt stress in wheat strains with different salinity tolerances. Front Genet 2023; 14:1015599. [PMID: 36911411 PMCID: PMC9996022 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1015599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Salinity stress is a major adverse environmental factor that can limit crop yield and restrict normal land use. The selection of salt-tolerant strains and elucidation of the underlying mechanisms by plant breeding scientists are urgently needed to increase agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions. Results: In this study, we selected the salt-tolerant wheat (Triticum aestivum) strain ST9644 as a model to study differences in expression patterns between salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive strains. High-throughput RNA sequencing resulted in more than 359.10 Gb of clean data from 54 samples, with an average of 6.65 Gb per sample. Compared to the IWGSC reference annotation, we identified 50,096 new genes, 32,923 of which have functional annotations. Comparisons of abundances between salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive strains revealed 3,755, 5,504, and 4,344 genes that were differentially expressed at 0, 6, and 24 h, respectively, in root tissue under salt stress. KEGG pathway analysis of these genes showed that they were enriched for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (ko00940), cysteine and methionine metabolism (ko00270), and glutathione metabolism (ko00480). We also applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) analysis to determine the time course of root tissue response to salt stress and found that the acute response lasts >6 h and ends before 12 h. We also identified key alternative splicing factors showing different splicing patterns in salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant strains; however, only few of them were differentially expressed in the two groups. Conclusion: Our results offer a better understanding of wheat salt tolerance and improve wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Li
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urummqi, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urummqi, China
| | - Xunji Chen
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urummqi, China
| | - Zheru Fan
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urummqi, China
| | - Yueqiang Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urummqi, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urummqi, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urummqi, China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urummqi, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urummqi, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urummqi, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urummqi, China
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109
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Patel A, Tiwari S, Prasad SM. Modulation of salt stress in paddy field cyanobacteria with exogenous application of gibberellic acid: growth behavior and antioxidative status. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:51-68. [PMID: 36733835 PMCID: PMC9886751 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study explores the possible function of gibberellic acid (GA: 20 µM) in reducing salt (NaCl) induced toxicity in two diazo-trophic cyanobacteria i.e. Nostoc muscorum and Phormidium foveolarum. The physiological and biochemical parameters viz. growth, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and phycocyanin), photosynthetic and respiratory rates, oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide radicle, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde contents) antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants were studied under both the doses i.e. 40 mM (LC 10) and mM (LC 30) of NaCl. The growth, photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic rate were found to be declined under concentration-dependent manner of NaCl. Contrastingly, the respiratory rate, oxidative stress biomarkers, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) together with contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants (proline and cysteine) were found to increase in the test cyanobacteria. PSII photochemistry in both the cyanobacteria was negatively affected showing an inhibitory effect of NaCl on JIP parameters, while an enhancement effect was noticed in the values related to energy flux parameters. Further, the addition of GA to the growth medium caused an alleviating effect as it completely mitigated NaCl toxicity induced by a lower dose i.e. 40 mM of NaCl, while it partially alleviated the growth and photosynthetic parameters of 80 mM NaCl stressed cyanobacteria. Supplementation of GA significantly reduced the contents of oxidative stress tested cyanobacteria due to an improved antioxidant system (increased activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) as evident from the biochemical analysis. In brief, our findings reflect the possible role of GA as a potential modulator of salt toxicity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01266-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Patel
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002 India
- Department of Botany Dayalbagh Educational institute (Deemed University), Agra, 282005 India
| | - Sanjesh Tiwari
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002 India
- Department of Botany, Ghatsila College, Jamshedpur, East Singhbhum, Jharkhand India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002 India
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110
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Liu H, Xiao C, Qiu T, Deng J, Cheng H, Cong X, Cheng S, Rao S, Zhang Y. Selenium Regulates Antioxidant, Photosynthesis, and Cell Permeability in Plants under Various Abiotic Stresses: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:44. [PMID: 36616173 PMCID: PMC9824017 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth is affected by various abiotic stresses, including water, temperature, light, salt, and heavy metals. Selenium (Se) is not an essential nutrient for plants but plays important roles in alleviating the abiotic stresses suffered by plants. This article summarizes the Se uptake and metabolic processes in plants and the functions of Se in response to water, temperature, light, salt, and heavy metal stresses in plants. Se promotes the uptake of beneficial substances, maintains the stability of plasma membranes, and enhances the activity of various antioxidant enzymes, thus alleviating adverse effects in plants under abiotic stresses. Future research directions on the relationship between Se and abiotic stresses in plants are proposed. This article will further deepen our understanding of the relationship between Se and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Liu
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Chunmei Xiao
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Tianci Qiu
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jie Deng
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xin Cong
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Enshi Se-Run Material Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Enshi 445000, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Shen Rao
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-Rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Enshi Se-Run Material Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Enshi 445000, China
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Ma D, Cai J, Ma Q, Wang W, Zhao L, Li J, Su L. Comparative time-course transcriptome analysis of two contrasting alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) genotypes reveals tolerance mechanisms to salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1070846. [PMID: 36570949 PMCID: PMC9773191 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1070846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a major abiotic stress affecting plant growth and crop yield. For the successful cultivation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a key legume forage, in saline-affected areas, it's essential to explore genetic modifications to improve salt-tolerance.Transcriptome assay of two comparative alfalfa genotypes, Adina and Zhaodong, following a 4 h and 8 h's 300 mM NaCl treatment was conducted in this study in order to investigate the molecular mechanism in alfalfa under salt stress conditions. Results showed that we obtained 875,023,571 transcripts and 662,765,594 unigenes were abtained from the sequenced libraries, and 520,091 assembled unigenes were annotated in at least one database. Among them, we identified 1,636 differentially expression genes (DEGs) in Adina, of which 1,426 were up-regulated and 210 down-regulated, and 1,295 DEGs in Zhaodong, of which 565 were up-regulated and 730 down-regulated. GO annotations and KEGG pathway enrichments of the DEGs based on RNA-seq data indicated that DEGs were involved in (1) ion and membrane homeostasis, including ABC transporter, CLC, NCX, and NHX; (2) Ca2+ sensing and transduction, including BK channel, EF-hand domain, and calmodulin binding protein; (3) phytohormone signaling and regulation, including TPR, FBP, LRR, and PP2C; (4) transcription factors, including zinc finger proteins, YABBY, and SBP-box; (5) antioxidation process, including GST, PYROX, and ALDH; (6) post-translational modification, including UCH, ubiquitin family, GT, MT and SOT. The functional roles of DEGs could explain the variations in salt tolerance performance observed between the two alfalfa genotypes Adina and Zhaodong. Our study widens the understanding of the sophisticated molecular response and tolerance mechanism to salt stress, providing novel insights on candidate genes and pathways for genetic modification involved in salt stress adaptation in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Ma
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jinjun Cai
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiaoli Ma
- Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lina Su
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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112
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Li L, Guo B, Feng C, Liu H, Lin D. Growth, physiological, and temperature characteristics in chinese cabbage pakchoi as affected by Cd- stressed conditions and identifying its main controlling factors using PLS model. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:571. [PMID: 36476235 PMCID: PMC9727860 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hormesis induced by heavy metals is a well-known phenomenon, the involved biological mechanisms are not fully understood. Cadmium (Cd) is a prevalent heavy metal in the environment. Exposure of Cd, via intake or consumption of Cd-contaminated air or food, poses a huge threat to human health. Chinese cabbage pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) is widely planted and consumed as a popular vegetable in China. Therefore, studying the response of Chinese cabbage pakchoi to Cd- stressed conditions is critical to assess whether cabbage can accumulate Cd and serve as an important Cd exposure pathway to human beings. In this study, we investigated the influence of Cd stress on growth, photosynthetic physiology, antioxidant enzyme activities, nutritional quality, anatomical structure, and canopy temperature in Chinese cabbage pakchoi. A partial least squares (PLS) model was used to quantify the relationship between physical and chemical indicators with Cd accumulation in cabbage, and identify the main controlling factors. RESULTS Results showed that Cd stress significantly inhibited cabbage's growth and development. When Cd stress was increased, the phenotypic indicators were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, Cd stress significantly enhanced the oxidative stress response of cabbage, such as the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves. Such a change tended to increase fenestrated tissues' thickness but decrease the thickness of leaf and spongy tissues. Moreover, Cd stress significantly increased soluble sugar, protein, and vitamin C contents in leaves as well as the temperature in the plant canopy. The PLS model analysis showed that the studied phenotypic and physicochemical indicators had good relationships with Cd accumulation in roots, shoots, and the whole plant of cabbage, with high coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.891, 0.811, and 0.845, and low relative percent deviation (RPD) values of 3.052, 2.317, and 2.557, respectively. Furthermore, through analyzing each parameter's variable importance for projection (VIP) value, the SOD activity was identified as a key factor for indicating Cd accumulation in cabbage. Meanwhile, the effects of CAT on Cd accumulation in cabbage and the canopy mean temperature were also high. CONCLUSION Cd stress has significant inhibitory effects and can cause damage cabbage's growth and development, and the SOD activity may serve as a key factor to indicate Cd uptake and accumulation in cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lantao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Binglin Guo
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 Nongye Road., Jinshui District, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenchen Feng
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 Nongye Road., Jinshui District, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Lin
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 Nongye Road., Jinshui District, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.
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Alfradique Monteiro D, Fazolato CSB, Martins LF, Tavora Coelho da Costa Rachid C. The bacteriome of the halophyte Atriplex nummularia (old man saltbush) in salt-affected soils - an ecological model. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6825450. [PMID: 36370453 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophytes, plants capable of growing under saline conditions, are an important source of bacteria with biotechnological potential for plant growth under extreme conditions. In this study, we evaluated the halophyte Atriplex nummularia bacteriome assemblage from three different salinized sites in northeastern Brazil with different edaphoclimatic characteristics, understanding the participation of the plant in the assembly of its microbiome. We sampled 30 specimens, from which the leaves, roots, and rhizospheric soil were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing, bringing forth patterns of alpha and beta diversity, taxonomical composition, co-occurrence network, and the core microbiome of each compartment. Overall, this species harbors a very restricted set of endophytic microbes, and communities showed an increasing gradient of complexity (soil > root > leaf), reflecting a change in the main selective pressure being active over the microbial community. Although the leaf bacteriome was influenced basically by host factors, the soil community was modulated by the environment, and the root bacteriome was structured by both factors. These results help us understand how plant-microbe interactions occur in saline environments. As these plants shelter microbes that potentially alleviate abiotic stresses, we discuss how culture-independent methods could contribute to the prospection of plant growth promoting bacteria in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Alfradique Monteiro
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Microbial Ecology, Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolline Silva Barbosa Fazolato
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Microbial Ecology, Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Tavora Coelho da Costa Rachid
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Microbial Ecology, Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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114
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Devi R, Chauhan S, Dhillon TS. Genome editing for vegetable crop improvement: Challenges and future prospects. Front Genet 2022; 13:1037091. [PMID: 36482900 PMCID: PMC9723405 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1037091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Vegetable crops are known as protective foods due to their potential role in a balanced human diet, especially for vegetarians as they are a rich source of vitamins and minerals along with dietary fibers. Many biotic and abiotic stresses threaten the crop growth, yield and quality of these crops. These crops are annual, biennial and perennial in breeding behavior. Traditional breeding strategies pose many challenges in improving economic crop traits. As in most of the cases the large number of backcrosses and stringent selection pressure is required for the introgression of the useful traits into the germplasm, which is time and labour-intensive process. Plant scientists have improved economic traits like yield, quality, biotic stress resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and improved nutritional quality of crops more precisely and accurately through the use of the revolutionary breeding method known as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein-9 (Cas9). The high mutation efficiency, less off-target consequences and simplicity of this technique has made it possible to attain novel germplasm resources through gene-directed mutation. It facilitates mutagenic response even in complicated genomes which are difficult to breed using traditional approaches. The revelation of functions of important genes with the advancement of whole-genome sequencing has facilitated the CRISPR-Cas9 editing to mutate the desired target genes. This technology speeds up the creation of new germplasm resources having better agro-economical traits. This review entails a detailed description of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology along with its potential applications in olericulture, challenges faced and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruma Devi
- Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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115
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Bano A, Noreen Z, Tabassum F, Zafar F, Rashid M, Aslam M, Shah AA, Shah AN, Jaremko M, Alasmael N, Abdelsalam NR, Hasan ME. Induction of salt tolerance in Brassica rapa by nitric oxide treatment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:995837. [PMID: 36466280 PMCID: PMC9709477 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.995837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major plant abiotic stresses increasing over time worldwide. The most important biological role of nitric oxide (NO) in plants is related to their development and growth under abiotic conditions. The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of salt stress (0 and 100 mM) and NO (0 and 80 μM) on two different ecotypes of Brassica rapa (L.): PTWG-HL and PTWG-PK. The different growth attributes, biochemical and physiological parameters, and the mineral contents were examined. The results indicated increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), relative membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA), and Na+ content and decreased plant biomass in both ecotypes (PTWG-PK and PTWG-HL) under salt stress. In contrast, NO treatment resulted in increased plant biomass, chlorophyll content, and total soluble proteins and decreased H2O2, relative membrane permeability, MDA, total phenolic content, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and Na+. The combined effect of salt stress and NO application increased the chlorophyll a content, total phenolic content, and total soluble proteins, but decreased H2O2, relative membrane permeability, MDA, and Na+. The response of carotenoids, anthocyanins, and K+, Ca2+, and Cl- ions varied in both ecotypes under all treatment conditions. The PTWG-PK ecotype showed maximum overall growth response with the application of NO. Henceforth, it is proposed that the molecular mechanisms associated with NO-induced stress tolerance in plants may be exploited to attain sustainability in agriculture under changing climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyyah Bano
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Noreen
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Tabassum
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fizza Zafar
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Rashid
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Alasmael
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader R. Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Hasan
- Bioinformatics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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Bakyani MRF, Alinia M, Kazemeini SA, Abadía J, Dadkhodaie A. Foliar Application of Melatonin Improves the Salt Tolerance, Ion and Redox Homeostasis and Seed Oil Fatty Acid Profile in Camelina sativa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3113. [PMID: 36432842 PMCID: PMC9697696 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salinity affects the yield and quality of oilseed crops. The effects of a single foliar application of solutions with different concentrations (0, 30, 60 or 90 µM) of melatonin (MEL) to camelina (Camelina sativa) plants grown in soil in a greenhouse and irrigated at four salinity levels (0.5, 4, 8 and 16 dS m-1) were assessed. Increasing salinity decreased leaf chlorophyll and photosynthetic rates, decreased K concentrations and increased Na concentrations in roots and shoots, and increased oxidative marker levels and the activity of protective antioxidant enzymes in leaves. Under severe salinity stress, the MEL90 treatment resulted in increases in chlorophyll, gas exchange attributes, leaf antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreases in leaf oxidative markers and Na. Salinity decreased seed yield, with no seeds being produced at salinities above 8 dS m-1. The MEL90 treatment resulted in increases in seed yield and poly- and mono-unsaturated fatty acid contents and decreases in saturated fatty acid contents. The MEL90 treatment was more effective in alleviating salinity effects than those including lower MEL concentrations. The highest concentrations of K and K/Na ratios were observed with the MEL90 treatment under non-stressed conditions. Data suggest that MEL foliar applications could increase salinity stress tolerance in camelina.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mozhgan Alinia
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-13131, Iran
| | | | - Javier Abadía
- Department of Plant Biology, Aula Dei Experimental Station (CSIC), Av. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ali Dadkhodaie
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-13131, Iran
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117
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Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Wei X, Jahan I, Hasanuzzaman M, Sabuj ZH, Zulfiqar F, Chen J, Iqbal R, Dastogeer KMG, Sohag AAM, Tonny SH, Hamid I, Al-Ashkar I, Mirzapour M, El Sabagh A, Murata Y. Exogenous nitric oxide promotes salinity tolerance in plants: A meta-analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:957735. [PMID: 36420041 PMCID: PMC9676926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.957735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has received much attention since it can boost plant defense mechanisms, and plenty of studies have shown that exogenous NO improves salinity tolerance in plants. However, because of the wide range of experimental settings, it is difficult to assess the administration of optimal dosages, frequency, timing, and method of application and the overall favorable effects of NO on growth and yield improvements. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to reveal the exact physiological and biochemical mechanisms and to understand the influence of plant-related or method-related factors on NO-mediated salt tolerance. Exogenous application of NO significantly influenced biomass accumulation, growth, and yield irrespective of salinity stress. According to this analysis, seed priming and foliar pre-treatment were the most effective methods of NO application to plants. Moreover, one-time and regular intervals of NO treatment were more beneficial for plant growth. The optimum concentration of NO ranges from 0.1 to 0.2 mM, and it alleviates salinity stress up to 150 mM NaCl. Furthermore, the beneficial effect of NO treatment was more pronounced as salinity stress was prolonged (>21 days). This meta-analysis showed that NO supplementation was significantly applicable at germination and seedling stages. Interestingly, exogenous NO treatment boosted plant growth most efficiently in dicots. This meta-analysis showed that exogenous NO alleviates salt-induced oxidative damage and improves plant growth and yield potential by regulating osmotic balance, mineral homeostasis, photosynthetic machinery, the metabolism of reactive oxygen species, and the antioxidant defense mechanism. Our analysis pointed out several research gaps, such as lipid metabolism regulation, reproductive stage performance, C4 plant responses, field-level yield impact, and economic profitability of farmers in response to exogenous NO, which need to be evaluated in the subsequent investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Plant Biology and Biofunctional Chemistry Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Xiangying Wei
- Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Israt Jahan
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Md. Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Zahid Hasan Sabuj
- Breeding Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Environmental Horticulture Department and Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, United States
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Plant Biology and Biofunctional Chemistry Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Haque Tonny
- Plant Biology and Biofunctional Chemistry Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Imran Hamid
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohsen Mirzapour
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-sheikh, Egypt
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Guo S, Ma X, Cai W, Wang Y, Gao X, Fu B, Li S. Exogenous Proline Improves Salt Tolerance of Alfalfa through Modulation of Antioxidant Capacity, Ion Homeostasis, and Proline Metabolism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212994. [PMID: 36365447 PMCID: PMC9657615 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage crop, and its productivity is severely affected by salt stress. Although proline is a compatible osmolyte that plays an important role in regulating plant abiotic stress resistance, the basic mechanism of proline requires further clarification regarding the effect of proline in mitigating the harmful effects of salinity. Here, we investigate the protective effects and regulatory mechanisms of proline on salt tolerance of alfalfa. The results show that exogenous proline obviously promotes seed germination and seedling growth of salt-stressed alfalfa. Salt stress results in stunted plant growth, while proline application alleviates this phenomenon by increasing photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant enzyme activities and decreasing cell membrane damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Plants with proline treatment maintain a better K+/Na+ ratio by reducing Na+ accumulation and increasing K+ content under salt stress. Additionally, proline induces the expression of genes related to antioxidant biosynthesis (Cu/Zn-SOD and APX) and ion homeostasis (SOS1, HKT1, and NHX1) under salt stress conditions. Proline metabolism is mainly regulated by ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (OAT) and proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) activities and their transcription levels, with the proline-treated plants displaying an increase in proline content under salt stress. In addition, OAT activity in the ornithine (Orn) pathway rather than Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) activity in the glutamate (Glu) pathway is strongly increased under salt stress, made evident by the sharp increase in the expression level of the OAT gene compared to P5CS1 and P5CS2. Our study provides new insight into how exogenous proline improves salt tolerance in plants and that it might be used as a significant practical strategy for cultivating salt-tolerant alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Guo
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xuxia Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Wenqi Cai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xueqin Gao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Bingzhe Fu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Shuxia Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yinchuan 750021, China
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119
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Jadidi O, Etminan A, Azizi-Nezhad R, Ebrahimi A, Pour-Aboughadareh A. Physiological and Molecular Responses of Barley Genotypes to Salinity Stress. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2040. [PMID: 36360277 PMCID: PMC9690512 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Among cereals, barley is tolerant to high levels of salinity stress; however, its performance and global production are still dramatically affected by salinity. In this study, we evaluated the behavior of a set of advanced genotypes of barley with aim of assessing the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in salinity tolerance. The experiment was conducted using a hydroponic system at optimal growing temperature and photoperiod conditions. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant effects for salinity treatments and genotypes in terms of all measured traits. Salinity stress significantly increased the root and shoot Na+ contents and root-to-shoot Na+ and K+ translocations. In contrast, other physiological features, gas exchange-related traits, as well as root and shoot biomasses were significantly decreased due to salinity stress. Based on the results of the multi-trait genotype ideotype distance index (MGIDI) as a multiple-traits method, G12 and G14 were identified as the superior salt-tolerant advanced genotypes. In the molecular analysis, salinity stress significantly increased the mean relative expression of HvSOS1, HvSOS3, HvHKT2, HvHKT3, HvNHX1, and HvNHX3 genes by 12.87-, 3.16-, 3.65-, 2.54-, 2.19-, and 3.18-fold more than the control conditions, respectively. The results of heatmap-based correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a clear association pattern among measured traits and expression data. Indeed, these associations confirmed relationships between tolerance pathways and physiological functions. In conclusion, the genotype G14 (D10*2/4/Productive/3/Roho//Alger/Ceres362-1-1) responded well to salinity stress and showed a better expression pattern of studied genes than other genotypes. Hence, this promising genotype can be a candidate for further assessments before commercial introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Jadidi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14778-93855, Iran
| | - Alireza Etminan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah 67187-73654, Iran
| | - Reza Azizi-Nezhad
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14778-93855, Iran
| | - Asa Ebrahimi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14778-93855, Iran
| | - Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh
- Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 31585-854, Iran
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Funneliformis constrictum modulates polyamine metabolism to enhance tolerance of Zea mays L. to salinity. Microbiol Res 2022; 266:127254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kumar P, Singh S, Pranaw K, Kumar S, Singh B, Poria V. Bioinoculants as mitigators of multiple stresses: A ray of hope for agriculture in the darkness of climate change. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11269. [PMID: 36339753 PMCID: PMC9634370 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant encounters various biotic and abiotic stresses, that affect agricultural productivity and reduce farmer's income especially under changing global climate. These environmental stresses can advance plant senescence by inducing osmotic stress, nutrient stress, hormonal imbalance, production of oxygen radicals, and ion toxicity, etc. Additionally, these stresses are not limited to plant health but also deteriorate soil health by affecting the microbial diversity of soil. To tackle this global delinquent of agriculture, several methods are suggested to ameliorate the negative effect of different types of stresses, the application of beneficial microorganisms or bioinoculants is one of them. Beneficial microorganisms that are used as bioinoculants not only facilitate plant growth by fulfilling the nutrient requirements but also assist the plant to withstand these stresses. These microorganisms produce certain chemicals such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, phytohormones, antioxidants, extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), siderophores, antibiotics, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), etc. which help the plants to mitigate various stresses. Besides, these microbes also activate plant defence responses. Thus, these bioinoculants can effectively replace chemical inputs to supplement nutrient requirements and mitigation of multiple stresses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Kumar Pranaw
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, 102-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Balkar Singh
- Department of Botany, Arya PG College, Panipat, Haryana, 132103, India
| | - Vikram Poria
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
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Ferreira TMM, Ferreira Filho JA, Leão AP, de Sousa CAF, Souza MTJ. Structural and functional analysis of stress-inducible genes and their promoters selected from young oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis) under salt stress. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:735. [PMCID: PMC9620643 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soil salinity is a problem in more than 100 countries across all continents. It is one of the abiotic stress that threatens agriculture the most, negatively affecting crops and reducing productivity. Transcriptomics is a technology applied to characterize the transcriptome in a cell, tissue, or organism at a given time via RNA-Seq, also known as full-transcriptome shotgun sequencing. This technology allows the identification of most genes expressed at a particular stage, and different isoforms are separated and transcript expression levels measured. Once determined by this technology, the expression profile of a gene must undergo validation by another, such as quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). This study aimed to select, annotate, and validate stress-inducible genes—and their promoters—differentially expressed in the leaves of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plants under saline stress. Results The transcriptome analysis led to the selection of 14 genes that underwent structural and functional annotation, besides having their expression validated using the qRT-PCR technique. When compared, the RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR profiles of those genes resulted in some inconsistencies. The structural and functional annotation analysis of proteins coded by the selected genes showed that some of them are orthologs of genes reported as conferring resistance to salinity in other species. There were those coding for proteins related to the transport of salt into and out of cells, transcriptional regulatory activity, and opening and closing of stomata. The annotation analysis performed on the promoter sequence revealed 22 distinct types of cis-acting elements, and 14 of them are known to be involved in abiotic stress. Conclusion This study has helped validate the process of an accurate selection of genes responsive to salt stress with a specific and predefined expression profile and their promoter sequence. Its results also can be used in molecular-genetics-assisted breeding programs. In addition, using the identified genes is a window of opportunity for strategies trying to relieve the damages arising from the salt stress in many glycophyte crops with economic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Massaro Malheiros Ferreira
- grid.411269.90000 0000 8816 9513Graduate Program of Plant Biotechnology, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, MG CP 3037, Brazil
| | - Jaire Alves Ferreira Filho
- grid.460200.00000 0004 0541 873XBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, 70770-901 Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - André Pereira Leão
- grid.460200.00000 0004 0541 873XBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, 70770-901 Brasília, DF Brazil
| | | | - Manoel Teixeira Jr. Souza
- grid.411269.90000 0000 8816 9513Graduate Program of Plant Biotechnology, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, MG CP 3037, Brazil ,grid.460200.00000 0004 0541 873XBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Agroenergy, 70770-901 Brasília, DF Brazil
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Cruz C, Cardoso P, Santos J, Matos D, Figueira E. Bioprospecting Soil Bacteria from Arid Zones to Increase Plant Tolerance to Drought: Growth and Biochemical Status of Maize Inoculated with Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria Isolated from Sal Island, Cape Verde. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212912. [PMID: 36365367 PMCID: PMC9656834 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and anthropogenic activities are responsible for extensive crop yield losses, with negative impact on global agricultural production. The occurrence of extreme weather events such as drought is a big challenge for agriculture, negatively impacting crops. Thus, methodologies reducing crop dependence on water will be a great advantage. Plant roots are colonized by soil bacteria, that can establish beneficial associations with plants, increasing crop productivity and plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to promote plant growth and to increase crop tolerance to drought by inoculation with osmotolerant bacterial strains. For that, bacteria were isolated from plants growing in Sal Island (Cape Verde) and identified. The osmotolerance and plant-growth promotion (PGP) abilities of the strains were determined. A maize seed cultivar tolerant to drought was inoculated with the strains evidencing best PGP capacity and osmo-tolerance. Results evidenced the ability of some bacterial strains increasing the development and inducing osmotolerance in plants. These results evidence the potential of osmotolerant bacteria to further increase the level of tolerance of maize varieties tolerant to drought, decreasing the dependence of this crop on irrigation, and open new perspectives to growth maize in drought affected areas and to use water more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Cruz
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cardoso
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Santos
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana Matos
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Rakkammal K, Priya A, Pandian S, Maharajan T, Rathinapriya P, Satish L, Ceasar SA, Sohn SI, Ramesh M. Conventional and Omics Approaches for Understanding the Abiotic Stress Response in Cereal Crops-An Updated Overview. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2852. [PMID: 36365305 PMCID: PMC9655223 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cereals have evolved various tolerance mechanisms to cope with abiotic stress. Understanding the abiotic stress response mechanism of cereal crops at the molecular level offers a path to high-yielding and stress-tolerant cultivars to sustain food and nutritional security. In this regard, enormous progress has been made in the omics field in the areas of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Omics approaches generate a massive amount of data, and adequate advancements in computational tools have been achieved for effective analysis. The combination of integrated omics and bioinformatics approaches has been recognized as vital to generating insights into genome-wide stress-regulation mechanisms. In this review, we have described the self-driven drought, heat, and salt stress-responsive mechanisms that are highlighted by the integration of stress-manipulating components, including transcription factors, co-expressed genes, proteins, etc. This review also provides a comprehensive catalog of available online omics resources for cereal crops and their effective utilization. Thus, the details provided in the review will enable us to choose the appropriate tools and techniques to reduce the negative impacts and limit the failures in the intensive crop improvement study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasinathan Rakkammal
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arumugam Priya
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Subramani Pandian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Theivanayagam Maharajan
- Department of Biosciences, Rajagiri College of Social Sciences, Cochin 683104, Kerala, India
| | - Periyasamy Rathinapriya
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lakkakula Satish
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, Marine Algal Research Station, Mandapam Camp, CSIR—Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 623519, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Soo-In Sohn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Manikandan Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
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125
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Lu Y, Liu H, Chen Y, Zhang L, Kudusi K, Song J. Effects of drought and salt stress on seed germination of ephemeral plants in desert of northwest China. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1026095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed germination is the most sensitive stage of plant life history. Studying its response to drought and salinity can analysis the response and adaptation characteristics of desert plants to the environment. In this experiment, the seeds of four common desert ephemeral plants in Xinjiang (Ixiolirion tataricum, Nepeta micrantha, Lepidium apetalum, and Plantago minuta) were used as materials. To study the germination characteristics of seeds under drought, we used salt stress, and coupled salt-drought stress under treatments and explored the germination recovery ability of rehydrated seeds after salt and drought stress treatments. The results showed that: (1) Under salt stress, the germination ability of four plant seeds was inhibited in different degrees. Overall, the degree of inhibition was proportional to the concentration of NaCl solution. (2) Drought stress slowed the seed germination process, and the greater the degree of stress, the more pronounced the slowdown; PEG treatment showed no significant effect on the germination of the four seeds at low concentrations and significant inhibition at medium and high concentrations. (3) The coupled salt-drought treatment significantly alleviated the stress effect of one factor and improved the germination characteristics of seeds. (4) Seeds that did not germinate under different concentrations of salt stress, drought stress, and coupled stresses rapidly recover germination when the stress was relieved or lifted. Ephemeral plants are sensitive to environmental changes, and this study aims to provide a reference basis for vegetation restoration and ecological rehabilitation in arid and semi-arid areas.
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126
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Yin L, Wei M, Wu G, Ren A. Epichloë endophytes improved Leymus chinensis tolerance to both neutral and alkali salt stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:968774. [PMID: 36330267 PMCID: PMC9623246 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.968774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic relationships with microbes may influence how plants respond to environmental change. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that symbiosis with the endophytes promoted salt tolerance of the native grass. In the field pot experiment we compared the performance of endophyte-infected (E+) and endophyte-uninfected (E-) Leymus chinensis, a dominant species native to the Inner Mongolia steppe, under altered neutral and alkaline salt stresses. The results showed that under both neutral and alkaline salt stresses, endophyte infection significantly increased plant height, leaf length and fibrous root biomass. Under neutral salt stress, endophyte infection decreased Na+ content and Na+/K+ ratio (p=0.066) in the leaf sheath while increased Ca2+ and Mg2+ content in the rhizome. Under alkali salt stress, endophyte infection tended to increase K+ content in the fibrous root, enhance Mg2+ content in the fibrous root while reduce Na+/K+ ratio in the leaf blade in the 100 mmol/L alkali salt treatment. Although endophyte-infected L. chinensis cannot accumulate Na+ high enough to be halophytes, the observed growth promotion and stress tolerance give endophyte/plant associations the potential to be a model for endophyte-assisted phytoremediation of saline-alkaline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Maoying Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanghong Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Anzhi Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Zhang F, Lu F, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wang J, Zhang K, Wu H, Zou J, Duan Y, Ke F, Zhu K. Combined transcriptomic and physiological metabolomic analyses elucidate key biological pathways in the response of two sorghum genotypes to salinity stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:880373. [PMID: 36311110 PMCID: PMC9608512 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.880373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is an important food crop with high salt tolerance. Therefore, studying the salt tolerance mechanism of sorghum has great significance for understanding the salt tolerance mechanism of C4 plants. In this study, two sorghum species, LRNK1 (salt-tolerant (ST)) and LR2381 (salt-sensitive (SS)), were treated with 180 mM NaCl salt solution, and their physiological indicators were measured. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed by Illumina sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technology, respectively. The results demonstrated that the plant height, leaf area, and chlorophyll contents in LRNK1 were significantly higher than in LR2381. Functional analysis of differently expressed genes (DEGs) demonstrated that plant hormone signal transduction (GO:0015473), carbohydrate catabolic processes (GO:0016052), and photosynthesis (GO:0015979) were the main pathways to respond to salt stress in sorghum. The genes of the two varieties showed different expression patterns under salt stress conditions. The metabolomic data revealed different profiles of salicylic acid and betaine between LRNK1 and LR2381, which mediated the salt tolerance of sorghum. In conclusion, LRNK1 sorghum responds to salt stress via a variety of biological processes, including energy reserve, the accumulation of salicylic acid and betaine, and improving the activity of salt stress-related pathways. These discoveries provide new insights into the salt tolerance mechanism of sorghum and will contribute to sorghum breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanqiu Wang
- Sorghum Breeding and Cultivation Physiology Laboratory, Sorghum Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kai Zhu
- Sorghum Breeding and Cultivation Physiology Laboratory, Sorghum Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
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Gholami R, Fahadi Hoveizeh N, Zahedi SM, Gholami H, Carillo P. Effect of three water-regimes on morpho-physiological, biochemical and yield responses of local and foreign olive cultivars under field conditions. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:477. [PMID: 36203130 PMCID: PMC9540738 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress is among the most serious threats jeopardizing the economic yield of crop plants in Iran. In particular, in response to withholding irrigation, the reduction in performance and quality of a precious plant such as the olive tree is remarkable. Therefore, the selection of cultivars that are resistant or tolerant to drought has been recognized as one of the most effective long-term strategies for sustainably alleviating the adverse effects of this stress. In this view, our study evaluated the response of 8 olive cultivars including 4 elite native cultivars (Zard Aliabad, Roughani, Dezful, and Shengeh) and 4 foreign cultivars (Manzanilla, Sevillana, Konservolia, and Mission) to water shortage in the Dallaho Olive Research station of Sarpole-Zahab in Kermanshah province in 2020. Olive trees underwent 3 levels of irrigation treatment including 100% full irrigation (control), 75%, and 50% deficit irrigation. RESULTS Based on the results, 50% deficit irrigation decreased both growth and pomological traits, but determined the highest dry matter percentage. As the severity of drought stress increased, with an accumulation of sodium and malondialdehyde, an incremental increase in osmolytes was observed, as well as an enhancement of the activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and catalase). In contrast, full irrigation led to an increase in photosynthetic pigments, calcium, and potassium. Dezful and Konservolia cultivars revealed a significantly higher growth rate, correlated in the former to higher levels of chlorophyll, compatible compounds, total phenolic content, relative water content, potassium to sodium ratio, catalase, and peroxidase activities compared with other cultivars. Konservolia showed the best yield parameters under 75% and 100% irrigation regimes, correlated to higher chlorophyll, potassium, and total phenolic content (in particular at 75% ET). CONCLUSIONS Generally, the selection of more resilient or tolerant cultivars to sustain water scarcity stress is a widely operative solution to extend rainfed orchards in semi-arid environments. Our study showed that Dezful and Konservolia had the best adaptive mechanisms to cope with the detrimental effects of drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmatollah Gholami
- Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Narjes Fahadi Hoveizeh
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Zahedi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Hojattollah Gholami
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy.
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The Microbially Extended Phenotype of Plants, a Keystone against Abiotic Stress. THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Climate change affects every region across the globe with heterogeneous effects on local temperatures and precipitation patterns. In plants, sessile organisms, climate change imposes more drastic effects leading to loss of yield or even death. However, plants establish mutualistic interactions with microorganisms that boost plant tolerance against abiotic stresses or strengthen the plant immune system against pathogens, thus, enhancing their survival and fitness. Moreover, in the wild, microbial endophytes provide important ecosystem services.
Purpose and scope: Little we know about the mechanisms of response against the adverse effects of climate change on natural populations of wild plants and even less about the potential role played by microbial biostimulants. In this article, we review the effects of biostimulants on plant responses against abiotic stresses, with a particular focus on the role of mycorrhizas and leaf endophytes.
Results: We have reviewed the effects of the main abiotic stresses in plants, the mechanisms that plants use to face these abiotic challenges, and the interaction plant-biostimulant-abiotic stress, highlighting the primary responses and parameters to evaluate different plant responses.
Conclusion: Abiotic stresses can check the phenotypic plasticity of plants and also trigger a complex and heterogeneous array of responses to face different abiotic stresses, and beneficial microorganisms do play an essential role in enhancing such responses. Our laboratory has initiated a project to characterise microbial populations associated with plants from wild areas and analyse their potential role in aiding the plants to cope with abiotic stresses.
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Li H, Huang S, Ren C, Weng X, Zhang S, Liu L, Pei J. Optimal exogenous calcium alleviates the damage of Snow-melting agent to Salix matsudana seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:928092. [PMID: 36247589 PMCID: PMC9554415 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.928092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As the main component of snowmelt agents, NaCl is widely used in northern winters and significantly impacts the expected growth of garden plants in north China. Salix matsudana is also faced with salt stress caused by snowmelt, which seriously affects its development as the main tree species in the northern landscape. However, how exogenous calcium alleviates salt stress in Salix matsudana is not yet clear. In this study, the indicators of growth indices, photosynthetic characteristics and stress resistance were measured by hydroponic assays in combination with three NaCl conditions (0, 50 and 200 mmol·L-1) and five calcium concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mmol·L-1). The study's results indicated that the application of exogenous calcium remarkably promoted the growth of Salix matsudana seedlings under NaCl stress. When the exogenous calcium concentration was 10 mmol·L-1, the plant height and basal diameter of Salix matsudana seedlings increased significantly, and the biomass of all parts reached the maximum (P< 0.05). Exogenous calcium can substantially improve the photosynthesis of Salix matsudana seedlings under salt stress. The photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic product synthesis of Salix matsudana seedlings were significantly increased at an exogenous calcium concentration of 10 mmol·L-1, and the photosynthetic level of Salix matsudana seedlings reached the highest value. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F v /F m, F v /F 0) of Salix matsudana seedlings were significantly decreased under different concentrations of NaCl stress. The maximum photochemical efficiency (F v /F m) and potential photochemical efficiency (F v /F 0) of Salix matsudana seedlings peaked when the exogenous calcium concentration was 10 mmol·L-1, which was significantly higher than that of the other treatments (P< 0.05). The water use efficiency of Salix matsudana was affected considerably by NaCl stress. The WUE and iWUE peak values of Salix matsudana were significantly higher than those of other calcium concentrations at 10 mmol·L-1 (P< 0.05). Exogenous calcium can increase the activities of CAT, SOD and POD enzymes in Salix matsudana seedlings under different NaCl concentrations. Under NaCl stress, adding exogenous calcium promoted the survival rate and growth of Salix matsudana seedlings. In conclusion, the optimum exogenous calcium concentration for Salix matsudana seedlings was 10 mmol·L-1. High or low concentrations of exogenous calcium did not achieve the best results in alleviating salt stress in Salix matsudana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN), Shenyang Agricultural University, Changtu, China
| | - Shenglan Huang
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN), Shenyang Agricultural University, Changtu, China
| | - Chengshuai Ren
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN), Shenyang Agricultural University, Changtu, China
| | - Xiaohang Weng
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN), Shenyang Agricultural University, Changtu, China
| | - Songzhu Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN), Shenyang Agricultural University, Changtu, China
| | - Liying Liu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Research Station of Liaohe-River Plain Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Forest Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN), Shenyang Agricultural University, Changtu, China
| | - Jiubo Pei
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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131
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Yu C, Zhou F, Wang R, Ran Z, Tan W, Jiang L, Cui S, Xie Z, Xiao Y, Zhou Y, Duan L. B2, an abscisic acid mimic, improves salinity tolerance in winter wheat seedlings via improving activity of antioxidant enzymes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:916287. [PMID: 36237496 PMCID: PMC9551657 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.916287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salinity severely inhibits growth and reduces yield of salt-sensitive plants like wheat, and this effect can be alleviated by plant growth regulators and phytohormones, among which abscisic acid (ABA) plays a central role in response to various stressful environments. ABA is highly photosensitive to light disruption, which this limits its application. Here, based on pyrabactin (a synthetic ABA agonist), we designed and synthesized a functional analog of ABA and named B2, then evaluated its role in salt resistance using winter wheat seedlings. The phenotypes showed that B2 significantly improved the salt tolerance of winter wheat seedlings by elevating the biomass. The physiological analysis found that B2 treatment reduced the generation rate of O2 -, electrolyte leakage, the content of proline, and the accumulation of malonaldehyde (MDA) and H2O2 and also significantly increased the contents of endogenous hormones zeatin riboside (ZA) and gibberellic acid (GA). Further biochemical analysis revealed that the activities of various antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were enhanced by B2, and the activities of antioxidase isozymes SOD3, POD1/2, and APX1/2 were particularly increased, largely resembling ABA treatment. The abiotic stress response-related gene TaSOS1 was significantly upregulated by B2, while the TaTIP2;2 gene was suppressed. In conclusion, an ABA analog B2 was capable to enhance salt stress tolerance in winter wheat seedlings by stimulating the antioxidant system, providing a novel regulator for better survival of crops in saline soils and improving crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxin Yu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biology, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojin Ran
- Institute of Biology, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Weiming Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linjiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shunyan Cui
- Institute of Biology, Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China
| | - Zhouli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yitao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liusheng Duan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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132
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Qi N, Wang N, Hou X, Li Y, Liao W. Involvement of Calcium and Calmodulin in NO-Alleviated Salt Stress in Tomato Seedlings. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192479. [PMID: 36235348 PMCID: PMC9571744 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salt stress is an adverse impact on the growth and development of plants, leading to yield losses in crops. It has been suggested that nitric oxide (NO) and calcium ion (Ca2+) act as critical signals in regulating plant growth. However, their crosstalk remains unclear under stress condition. In this study, we demonstrate that NO and Ca2+ play positive roles in the growth of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) seedlings under salt stress. Our data show that Ca2+ channel inhibitor lanthanum chloride (LaCl3), Ca2+ chelator ethylene glycol-bis (2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), or calmodulin (CaM) antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfona-mide hydrochloride (W-7) significantly reversed the effect of NO-promoted the growth of tomato seedlings under salt stress. We further show that NO and Ca2+ significantly decreased reactive oxygen accumulation, increased proline content, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, as well as increased expression of antioxidant enzymes related genes. However, LaCl3, EGTA, and W-7 prevented the positive roles of NO. In addition, the activity of downstream target enzymes related to Ca2+/CaM was increased by NO under salt stress, while LaCl3, EGTA, and W-7 reversed this enhancement. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Ca2+/CaM might be involved in NO-alleviate salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Weibiao Liao
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-9328-7942; Fax: +86-931-7632155
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133
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Genome-Wide Association Study of Salt Tolerance-Related Traits during Germination and Seedling Development in an Intermedium-Spike Barley Collection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911060. [PMID: 36232362 PMCID: PMC9569600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased salinity is one of the major consequences of climatic change affecting global crop production. The early stages in the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) life cycle are considered the most critical phases due to their contributions to final crop yield. Particularly, the germination and seedling development are sensitive to numerous environmental stresses, especially soil salinity. In this study, we aimed to identify SNP markers linked with germination and seedling development at 150 mM NaCl as a salinity treatment. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a panel of 208 intermedium-spike barley (H. vulgare convar. intermedium (Körn.) Mansf.) accessions and their genotype data (i.e., 10,323 SNPs) using the genome reference sequence of “Morex”. The phenotypic results showed that the 150 mM NaCl salinity treatment significantly reduced all recorded germination and seedling-related traits compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, six accessions (HOR 11747, HOR 11718, HOR 11640, HOR 11256, HOR 11275 and HOR 11291) were identified as the most salinity tolerant from the intermedium-spike barley collection. GWAS analysis indicated that a total of 38 highly significantly associated SNP markers under control and/or salinity traits were identified. Of these, two SNP markers on chromosome (chr) 1H, two on chr 3H, and one on chr 4H were significantly linked to seedling fresh and dry weight under salinity stress treatment. In addition, two SNP markers on chr 7H were also significantly associated with seedling fresh and dry weight but under control condition. Under salinity stress, one SNP marker on chr 1H, 5H and 7H were detected for more than one phenotypic trait. We found that in most of the accessions exhibiting the highest salinity tolerance, most of the salinity-related QTLs were presented. These results form the basis for detailed studies, leading to improved salt tolerance breeding programs in barley.
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134
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Price L, Han Y, Angessa T, Li C. Molecular Pathways of WRKY Genes in Regulating Plant Salinity Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10947. [PMID: 36142857 PMCID: PMC9502527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a natural and anthropogenic process that plants overcome using various responses. Salinity imposes a two-phase effect, simplified into the initial osmotic challenges and subsequent salinity-specific ion toxicities from continual exposure to sodium and chloride ions. Plant responses to salinity encompass a complex gene network involving osmotic balance, ion transport, antioxidant response, and hormone signaling pathways typically mediated by transcription factors. One particular transcription factor mega family, WRKY, is a principal regulator of salinity responses. Here, we categorize a collection of known salinity-responding WRKYs and summarize their molecular pathways. WRKYs collectively play a part in regulating osmotic balance, ion transport response, antioxidant response, and hormone signaling pathways in plants. Particular attention is given to the hormone signaling pathway to illuminate the relationship between WRKYs and abscisic acid signaling. Observed trends among WRKYs are highlighted, including group II WRKYs as major regulators of the salinity response. We recommend renaming existing WRKYs and adopting a naming system to a standardized format based on protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Price
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Yong Han
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Tefera Angessa
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
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135
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Sultana MS, Yamamoto SI, Biswas MS, Sakurai C, Isoai H, Mano J. Histidine-Containing Dipeptides Mitigate Salt Stress in Plants by Scavenging Reactive Carbonyl Species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11169-11178. [PMID: 36054836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical factors that cause damage in salt-stressed plants, but their mechanisms of action in living cells are largely unknown. We investigated the roles of reactive carbonyl species (RCS), i.e., the lipid peroxide-derived α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones, in plant growth retardation under salt stress. When Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 seeds were exposed to 100 mM NaCl, germination was delayed and the levels of ROS, RCS, and protein carbonylation in the seedlings were increased. Adding the histidine-containing dipeptides carnosine, N-acetylcarnosine, and anserine, which are reported RCS scavengers, restored the germination speed and suppressed the increases in RCS and protein carbonylation but did not affect the ROS level. Increases in the levels of the RCS acrolein, crotonaldehyde, (E)-2-pentenal, and 4-hydroxy-(E)-2-nonenal were positively correlated with the delay of germination and growth inhibition. These RCS, generated downstream of ROS, are thus primarily responsible for the salt-stress symptoms of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Most Sharmin Sultana
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Department of Agricultural Extension, Khamarbari, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
- Science Research Center, Organization of Research Initiatives, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Yamamoto
- Technopro Inc., Technopro R&D Nagoya Office, Glass City Sakae 7F, 3-11-31, Naka-ku Sakae, Nagoya 460-0008, Japan
| | - Md Sanaullah Biswas
- Science Research Center, Organization of Research Initiatives, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Chisato Sakurai
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technologies for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hayato Isoai
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technologies for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Jun'ichi Mano
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Science Research Center, Organization of Research Initiatives, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technologies for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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136
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Yao X, Zhou M, Ruan J, Peng Y, Ma C, Wu W, Gao A, Weng W, Cheng J. Physiological and Biochemical Regulation Mechanism of Exogenous Hydrogen Peroxide in Alleviating NaCl Stress Toxicity in Tartary Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10698. [PMID: 36142630 PMCID: PMC9505081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to elucidate the physiological and biochemical mechanism by which exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) alleviates salt stress toxicity in Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn). Tartary buckwheat "Chuanqiao-2" under 150 mmol·L-1 salt (NaCl) stress was treated with 5 or 10 mmol·L-1 H2O2, and seedling growth, physiology and biochemistry, and related gene expression were studied. Treatment with 5 mmol·L-1 H2O2 significantly increased plant height (PH), fresh and dry weights of shoots (SFWs/SDWs) and roots (RFWs/RDWs), leaf length (LL) and area (LA), and relative water content (LRWC); increased chlorophyll a (Chl a) and b (Chl b) contents; improved fluorescence parameters; enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and content; and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Expressions of all stress-related and enzyme-related genes were up-regulated. The F3'H gene (flavonoid synthesis pathway) exhibited similar up-regulation under 10 mmol·L-1 H2O2 treatment. Correlation and principal component analyses showed that 5 mmol·L-1 H2O2 could significantly alleviate the toxic effect of salt stress on Tartary buckwheat. Our results show that exogenous 5 mmol·L-1 H2O2 can alleviate the inhibitory or toxic effects of 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl stress on Tartary buckwheat by promoting growth, enhancing photosynthesis, improving enzymatic reactions, reducing membrane lipid peroxidation, and inducing the expression of related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yao
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingjun Ruan
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weijiao Wu
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Anjing Gao
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wenfeng Weng
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jianping Cheng
- College of Agronomy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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137
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Mehari TG, Hou Y, Xu Y, Umer MJ, Shiraku ML, Wang Y, Wang H, Peng R, Wei Y, Cai X, Zhou Z, Liu F. Overexpression of cotton GhNAC072 gene enhances drought and salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:648. [PMID: 36096725 PMCID: PMC9469605 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crops face several environmental stresses (biotic and abiotic), thus resulting in severe yield losses. Around the globe abiotic stresses are the main contributors of plant damages, primarily drought and salinity. Many genes and transcription factors are involved in abiotic and biotic stress responses. NAC TF (Transcription Factors) improves tolerance to stresses by controlling the physiological and enzyme activities of crops. RESULTS In current research, GhNAC072 a highly upregulated TF in RNA-Seq was identified as a hub gene in the co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). This gene was transformed to Arabidopsis thaliana to confirm its potential role in drought and salt stress tolerance. Significant variations were observed in the morpho-physiological traits with high relative leaf water contents, chlorophyll contents, higher germination and longer root lengths of the overexpressed lines and low excised leaf loss and ion leakage as compared to the wildtype plants. Besides, overexpressed lines have higher amounts of antioxidants and low oxidant enzyme activities than the wildtype during the period of stress exposure. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the above analysis showed that GhNAC072 might be the true candidate involved in boosting tolerance mechanisms under drought and salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teame Gereziher Mehari
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Margaret Linyerera Shiraku
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Renhai Peng
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yangyang Wei
- Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Cotton Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China. .,School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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138
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Kiferle C, Gonzali S, Beltrami S, Martinelli M, Hora K, Holwerda HT, Perata P. Improvement in fruit yield and tolerance to salinity of tomato plants fertigated with micronutrient amounts of iodine. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14655. [PMID: 36038704 PMCID: PMC9424290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18301-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine is an essential micronutrient for humans, but its role in plant physiology was debated for nearly a century. Recently its functional involvement in plant nutrition and stress-protection collected the first experimental evidence. This study wanted to examine in depth the involvement of iodine in tomato plant nutrition, also evaluating its potential on salt stress tolerance. To this end, iodine was administered at dosages effective for micronutrients to plants grown in different experimental systems (growth chamber and greenhouse), alone or in presence of a mild-moderate NaCl-salinity stress. Plant vegetative fitness, fruit yield and quality, biochemical parameters and transcriptional activity of selected stress-responsive genes were evaluated. In unstressed plants, iodine increased plant growth and fruit yield, as well as some fruit qualitative parameters. In presence of salt stress, iodine mitigated some of the negative effects observed, according to the iodine/NaCl concentrations used. Some fruit parameters and the expressions of the stress marker genes analyzed were affected by the treatments, explaining, at least in part, the increased plant tolerance to the salinity. This study thus reconfirms the functional involvement of iodine in plant nutrition and offers evidence towards the use of minute amounts of it as a beneficial nutrient for crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kiferle
- PlantLab, Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Gonzali
- PlantLab, Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Beltrami
- PlantLab, Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Martinelli
- PlantLab, Center of Plant Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Katja Hora
- SQM International N.V., 2030, Antwerpen, Belgium
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139
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Yin Y, Wang G, Liu Y, Wang XF, Gao W, Zhang S, You C. Simple Phenotypic Sensor for Visibly Tracking H 2O 2 Fluctuation to Detect Plant Health Status. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10058-10064. [PMID: 35939798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as a main component of reactive oxygen species (ROS), serves as a key signaling molecule relevant to plant stress response and health status. Many strategies have been developed for detecting or quantifying H2O2 concentration. However, reports on simply, visibly tracking H2O2 fluctuation in vivo are limited. Here, for visibly tracking the plant H2O2 wave, a green fluorescent phenotypic probe was designed by merging a H2O2-sensitive tertiary amine moiety with the core fluorophore tetraphenylethene skeleton. The green fluorescence emission is quenched up to 52% by H2O2 with good sensitivity, selectivity, and reversibility within the plant physiological range of 10-100 μM H2O2. In response to various abiotic stresses, including mechanical damage, high salt, strong light and drought, fluorescence fluctuations, response to H2O2 concentration alterations in vivo was visible to the naked eye under irradiation of commercially available UV light (365 nm) after simple injection of this H2O2 probe solution into seedling leaves. This phenotypic fluorescent H2O2 probe illustrates great potential as early sensors of plant health under stress without the aid of skillful operation and specialized equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yin
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Guanzhu Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yankai Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wensheng Gao
- Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chunxiang You
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
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140
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Becerril-Espinosa A, Hernández-Herrera RM, Meza-Canales ID, Perez-Ramirez R, Rodríguez-Zaragoza FA, Méndez-Morán L, Sánchez-Hernández CV, Palmeros-Suárez PA, Palacios OA, Choix FJ, Juárez-Carrillo E, Lara-González MA, Hurtado-Oliva MÁ, Ocampo-Alvarez H. Habitat-adapted heterologous symbiont Salinispora arenicola promotes growth and alleviates salt stress in tomato crop plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:920881. [PMID: 36003821 PMCID: PMC9393590 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.920881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To ensure food security given the current scenario of climate change and the accompanying ecological repercussions, it is essential to search for new technologies and tools for agricultural production. Microorganism-based biostimulants are recognized as sustainable alternatives to traditional agrochemicals to enhance and protect agricultural production. Marine actinobacteria are a well-known source of novel compounds for biotechnological uses. In addition, former studies have suggested that coral symbiont actinobacteria may support co-symbiotic photosynthetic growth and tolerance and increase the probability of corals surviving abiotic stress. We have previously shown that this activity may also hold in terrestrial plants, at least for the actinobacteria Salinispora arenicola during induced heterologous symbiosis with a wild Solanaceae plant Nicotiana attenuata under in vitro conditions. Here, we further explore the heterologous symbiotic association, germination, growth promotion, and stress relieving activity of S. arenicola in tomato plants under agricultural conditions and dig into the possible associated mechanisms. Tomato plants were grown under normal and saline conditions, and germination, bacteria-root system interactions, plant growth, photosynthetic performance, and the expression of salt stress response genes were analyzed. We found an endophytic interaction between S. arenicola and tomato plants, which promotes germination and shoot and root growth under saline or non-saline conditions. Accordingly, photosynthetic and respective photoprotective performance was enhanced in line with the induced increase in photosynthetic pigments. This was further supported by the overexpression of thermal energy dissipation, which fine-tunes energy use efficiency and may prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species in the chloroplast. Furthermore, gene expression analyses suggested that a selective transport channel gene, SlHKT1,2, induced by S. arenicola may assist in relieving salt stress in tomato plants. The fine regulation of photosynthetic and photoprotective responses, as well as the inhibition of the formation of ROS molecules, seems to be related to the induced down-regulation of other salt stress response genes, such as SlDR1A-related genes or SlAOX1b. Our results demonstrate that the marine microbial symbiont S. arenicola establishes heterologous symbiosis in crop plants, promotes growth, and confers saline stress tolerance. Thus, these results open opportunities to further explore the vast array of marine microbes to enhance crop tolerance and food production under the current climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amayaly Becerril-Espinosa
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalba M. Hernández-Herrera
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ivan D. Meza-Canales
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- Instituto Transdisciplinar de Investigación y Servicios, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Perez-Ramirez
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Fabián A. Rodríguez-Zaragoza
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Lucila Méndez-Morán
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Carla V. Sánchez-Hernández
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Paola A. Palmeros-Suárez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Oskar A. Palacios
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Francisco J. Choix
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Juárez-Carrillo
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Martha A. Lara-González
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Héctor Ocampo-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Sousa DJP, Nogueira GAS, Teixeira KBS, Monteiro GGTN, Brito AEA, Nascimento VR, Albuquerque GDP, Oliveira TJM, Souza LC, Freitas JMN, Oliveira Neto CF, Okumura RS. Mitigation of the effects of salt stress in cowpea bean through the exogenous aplication of brassinosteroid. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e260818. [PMID: 35857948 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.260818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a legume widely cultivated by small, medium and large producers in several Brazilian regions. However, one of the concerns for the production of cowpea in Brazil in recent years is the low rainfall activity in these regions, which generates the accumulation of salts on the surface. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of salt stress on growth parameters and enzyme activity in cowpea plants at different concentrations of brassinosteroids. Experiment was developed in a greenhouse using a completely randomized experimental design in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of three levels of brassinosteroids (0, 3 and 6 µM EBL) and three levels of salt stress (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl). Growth factors (height, diameter and number of leaves) decreased in the saline condition. With the presence of brassinosteroid the height did not increase, but the number of leaves did, mainly in the saline dosage of 100 mM NaCl. In the variable membrane integrity, brassinosteroid was efficient in both salinity dosages, the same not happening with the relative water content, where the saline condition did not affect the amount of water in the vegetable, with the application of brassino it remained high, decreasing only at dosage 100 mM NaCl. The nitrate reductase enzyme was greatly affected in the root system even with the application of increasing doses of brassino. Therefore, brassinosteroids as a promoter of saline tolerance in cowpea seedlings was positive. The concentration of 3µM of EBL provided the most satisfactory effect in tolerating the deleterious effects of the saline condition. The same cannot be concluded for the concentration of 6µM of EBL that did not promote tolerance to some variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J P Sousa
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Grupo de Estudos da Biodiversidade em Plantas Superiores, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - G A S Nogueira
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Grupo de Estudos da Biodiversidade em Plantas Superiores, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - K B S Teixeira
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Grupo de Estudos da Biodiversidade em Plantas Superiores, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - G G T N Monteiro
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Grupo de Estudos da Biodiversidade em Plantas Superiores, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - A E A Brito
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Grupo de Estudos da Biodiversidade em Plantas Superiores, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - V R Nascimento
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Grupo de Estudos da Biodiversidade em Plantas Superiores, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - G D P Albuquerque
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Grupo de Estudos da Biodiversidade em Plantas Superiores, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - T J M Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Grupo de Estudos da Biodiversidade em Plantas Superiores, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - L C Souza
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Grupo de Estudos da Biodiversidade em Plantas Superiores, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - J M N Freitas
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Grupo de Estudos da Biodiversidade em Plantas Superiores, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - C F Oliveira Neto
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Grupo de Estudos da Biodiversidade em Plantas Superiores, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - R S Okumura
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Grupo de Estudos da Biodiversidade em Plantas Superiores, Parauapebas, PA, Brasil
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142
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Srivastava AK, Srivastava R, Sharma A, Bharati AP, Yadav J, Singh AK, Tiwari PK, Srivatava AK, Chakdar H, Kashyap PL, Saxena AK. Transcriptome Analysis to Understand Salt Stress Regulation Mechanism of Chromohalobacter salexigens ANJ207. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:909276. [PMID: 35847097 PMCID: PMC9279137 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.909276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major global issues affecting soil quality and agricultural productivity. The plant growth-promoting halophilic bacteria that can thrive in regions of high salt (NaCl) concentration have the ability to promote the growth of plants in salty environments. In this study, attempts have been made to understand the salinity adaptation of plant growth-promoting moderately halophilic bacteria Chromohalobacter salexigens ANJ207 at the genetic level through transcriptome analysis. In order to identify the stress-responsive genes, the transcriptome sequencing of C. salexigens ANJ207 under different salt concentrations was carried out. Among the 8,936 transcripts obtained, 93 were upregulated while 1,149 were downregulated when the NaCl concentration was increased from 5 to 10%. At 10% NaCl concentration, genes coding for lactate dehydrogenase, catalase, and OsmC-like protein were upregulated. On the other hand, when salinity was increased from 10 to 25%, 1,954 genes were upregulated, while 1,287 were downregulated. At 25% NaCl, genes coding for PNPase, potassium transporter, aconitase, excinuclease subunit ABC, and transposase were found to be upregulated. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed an increase in the transcript of genes related to the biosynthesis of glycine betaine coline genes (gbcA, gbcB, and L-pro) and in the transcript of genes related to the uptake of glycine betaine (OpuAC, OpuAA, and OpuAB). The transcription of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of L-hydroxyproline (proD and proS) and one stress response proteolysis gene for periplasmic membrane stress sensing (serP) were also found to be increased. The presence of genes for various compatible solutes and their increase in expression at the high salt concentration indicated that a coordinated contribution by various compatible solutes might be responsible for salinity adaptation in ANJ207. The investigation provides new insights into the functional roles of various genes involved in salt stress tolerance and oxidative stress tolerance produced by high salt concentration in ANJ207 and further support the notion regarding the utilization of bacterium and their gene(s) in ameliorating salinity problem in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar Srivastava
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Akhilendra Pratap Bharati
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India.,Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
| | - Jagriti Yadav
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Alok Kumar Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Tiwari
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Anchal Kumar Srivatava
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Hillol Chakdar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
| | - Prem Lal Kashyap
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau, India
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143
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Acid-Modified Biochar Impacts on Soil Properties and Biochemical Characteristics of Crops Grown in Saline-Sodic Soils. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14138190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil salinity and sodicity is a potential soil risk and a major reason for reduced soil productivity in many areas of the world. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different biochar raw materials and the effects of acid-modified biochar on alleviating abiotic stresses from saline-sodic soil and its effect on biochemical properties of maize and wheat productivity. A field experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design during the seasons of 2019/2020, with five treatments and three replicates: untreated soil (CK), rice straw biochar (RSB), cotton stalk biochar (CSB), rice straw-modified biochar (RSMB), and cotton stalk-modified biochar (CSMB). FTIR and X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that acid modification of biochar has potential effects for improving its properties via porous functions, surface functional groups and mineral compositions. The CSMB treatment enhanced the soil’s physical and chemical properties and porosity via EC, ESP, CEC, SOC and BD by 28.79%, 20.95%, 11.49%, 9.09%, 11.51% and 12.68% in the upper 0–20 cm, respectively, compared to the initial properties after the second season. Soil-available N, P and K increased with modified biochar treatments compared to original biochar types. Data showed increases in grain/straw yield with CSMB amendments by 34.15% and 29.82% for maize and 25.11% and 15.03% for wheat plants, respectively, compared to the control. Total N, P and K contents in both maize and wheat plants increased significantly with biochar application. CSMB recorded the highest accumulations of proline contents and SOD, POD and CAT antioxidant enzyme activity. These results suggest that the acid-modified biochar can be considered an eco-friendly, cheaper and effective choice in alleviating abiotic stresses from saline-sodic soil and positively effects maize and wheat productivity.
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Marro N, Grilli G, Soteras F, Caccia M, Longo S, Cofré N, Borda V, Burni M, Janoušková M, Urcelay C. The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species and taxonomic groups on stressed and unstressed plants: a global meta-analysis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:320-332. [PMID: 35302658 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The great majority of plants gain access to soil nutrients and enhance their performance under stressful conditions through symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The benefits that AMF confer vary among species and taxonomic groups. However, a comparative analysis of the different benefits among AMF has not yet been performed. We conducted a global meta-analysis of recent studies testing the benefits of individual AMF species and main taxonomic groups in terms of plant performance (growth and nutrition). Separately, we examined AMF benefits to plants facing biotic (pathogens, parasites, and herbivores) and abiotic (drought, salinity, and heavy metals) stress. AMF had stronger positive effects on phosphorus nutrition than on plant growth and nitrogen nutrition and the effects on the growth of plants facing biotic and abiotic stresses were similarly positive. While the AMF taxonomic groups showed positive effects on plant performance either with or without stress, Diversisporales were the most beneficial to plants without stress and Gigasporales to plants facing biotic stress. Our results provide a comprehensive analysis of the benefits of different AMF species and taxonomic groups on plant performance and useful insights for their management and use as bio-inoculants for agriculture and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Marro
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriel Grilli
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Florencia Soteras
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Milena Caccia
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvana Longo
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Noelia Cofré
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Valentina Borda
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Magali Burni
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Martina Janoušková
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Urcelay
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CC, 495, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
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Khan MN, Li Y, Fu C, Hu J, Chen L, Yan J, Khan Z, Wu H, Li Z. CeO 2 Nanoparticles Seed Priming Increases Salicylic Acid Level and ROS Scavenging Ability to Improve Rapeseed Salt Tolerance. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2022; 6:2200025. [PMID: 35860396 PMCID: PMC9284644 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major issue limiting efficient crop production. Seed priming with nanomaterials (nanopriming) is a cost-effective technology to improve seed germination under salinity; however, the underlying mechanisms still need to be explored. Here, polyacrylic acid coated nanoceria (cerium oxide nanoparticles) (PNC, 9.2 nm, -38.7 mV) are synthesized and characterized. The results show that under salinity, PNC priming significantly increases rapeseed shoot length (41.5%), root length (93%), and seedling dry weight (78%) compared to the no-nanoparticle (NNP) priming group. Confocal imaging results show that compared with NNP group, PNC priming significantly reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in leaf (94.3% of H2O2, 56.4% of •O2 -) and root (38.4% of H2O2, 41.3% of •O2 -) of salt stressed rapeseed seedlings. Further, the results show that compared with the NNP group, PNC priming not only increases salicylic acid (SA) content in shoot (51.3%) and root (78.4%), but also upregulates the expression of SA biosynthesis related genes in salt stressed rapeseed. Overall, PNC nanopriming improved rapeseed salt tolerance is associated with both the increase of ROS scavenging ability and the increase of salicylic acid. The results add more information to understand the complexity of mechanisms behind nanoceria priming improved plant salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nauman Khan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Yanhui Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Chengcheng Fu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Jin Hu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Linlin Chen
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Jiasen Yan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Zaid Khan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Honghong Wu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanHubei430070China
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze RiverCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- Hongshan LaboratoryWuhanHubei430070China
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100083China
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146
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Zhao Q, Chen S, Wang G, Du Y, Zhang Z, Yu G, Ren C, Zhang Y, Du J. Exogenous melatonin enhances soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedling tolerance to saline-alkali stress by regulating antioxidant response and DNA damage repair. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13731. [PMID: 35717632 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Saline-alkali (SA) stress induces excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in plant cells, resulting in oxidative damages of membranes, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Melatonin has antioxidant protection effects in living organisms and thus has received a lot of attention. This study aimed to investigate the effect and regulating mechanism of melatonin treatment on soybean tolerance to SA stress. In this study, cultivars Heihe 49 (HH49, SA-tolerant) and Henong 95 (HN95, SA-sensitive) were pot-cultured in SA soil, then treated with MT (0-300 μM) at V1 stage. SA stress induced ROS accumulation and DNA damage in the seedling roots of both cultivars, causing G1/S arrest in HN95 and G2/M arrest in HH49. Melatonin treatment enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in soybean seedling roots and reduced ROS accumulation. Additionally, melatonin treatment upregulated DNA damage repair genes, thus enhancing the reduction of DNA oxidative damage under SA stress. The effects of melatonin treatment were manifested as decreased RAPD polymorphism, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanine (8-OH-dG) level, and relative density of apurinic sites (AP-sites). Meanwhile, melatonin treatment partially alleviated the SA-induced G1/S arrest in HN95 and G2/M arrest in HH49, thus enhancing soybean seedling tolerance to SA stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyu Chen
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangda Wang
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Du
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoning Zhang
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaobo Yu
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyuan Ren
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxian Zhang
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jidao Du
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land Improvement Engineering Technology in Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, People's Republic of China
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147
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Response of Yam (Dioscorea alata) to the Application of Rhizophagus irregularis and Potassium Silicate under Salinity Stress. STRESSES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses2020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Yam (Dioscorea alata) is a tropical plant that is considered critical for food security. The use of high fertilizer, low soil fertility, and insect pest infestation reduce yam tuber yield and quality. The present study was performed to determine the effect of potassium silicate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on yam cultivated under salinity stress. This study revealed that the combination of Rhizophagus irregularis (AMF) and Potassium silicate was more effective than their individual application on yam and were beneficial for overall analyzed characters. We observed the days to emergence and the average days to first leaf emergence decreased by 33.46% and 26.78%, respectively, the number of leaves increased by 45.23%, number of sprouts per seed tuber by 50%, vine length by 60.8%, vine length at harvest by 40.53%, the average leaf width by 53.79%, petiole length by 31.74%, tuber length by 43.84%, average diameter of tuber by 56.58%, and average number of tuber per vine by 46.15% in T5 treated plants. We also recorded that starch content increased by 21.89%, ascorbic acid by 61.51%, average moisture by 8.36%, TSS by 50%, and total sugar by 69.53% in T5 treated plants. The total phenol was found to be 1.53% higher in T3 applied plants, while the dry matter was 36.37% higher in T5 treatment. Furthermore, the enzymatic evaluation of MDA in leaves was found to be enhanced by 142% in T2. The enzyme 8-OHdG from the leaves sample was reported to be increased after T5 by 621.15%. Moreover, the amount of CAT was higher by 53.46% in T2 treated plants. Likewise, the amount of enzyme SOD and POX in leaves of D. alata enhanced by 30.91% and 51.15% T2 treatments respectively.
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148
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Ren W, Chen L, Wang Q, Ren Y. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Upland Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum) Seed Pretreatment with MgSO 4 in Response to Salinity Stress. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060921. [PMID: 35743952 PMCID: PMC9227556 DOI: 10.3390/life12060921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is a salt-tolerant crop that can withstand high salinity levels without showing signs of harm to the plant. However, the plant is more prone to salinity stress at the germination stage and a poor germination as well as poor crop stand lead to a weak productivity. It is possible to obtain a comprehensive picture of the cotton seedling germination and establishment against salt stress by examining dynamic changes in the transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles. The reported study employed a pretreatment of cotton seeds by soaking them in 0.2% Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) solution at room temperature for 4, 8, and 12 h. The analysis of variance based on the studied traits emergence rate, above and underground plant parts' fresh weight measured, displayed significant differences of the three treatments compared with the control. A total of 28,801 and 264 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were discovered to code for biological processes such as response to salt stress, cellular response to salt stress, abscisic acid receptor PYR/PYL, regulation of seed growth and germination, and auxin-activated signaling pathways. A large amount of ethylene-responsive transcription factors (ERF) was identified (1235) as differentially expressed, followed by bHLH (252), WRKY (96), MYB (202), GATA (81), RABA (64), DIVARICATA (28), and MADs-box (26) in treated seedling samples. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the significant roles in the hormones and signal transduction, carbohydrates metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids, promoting salt stress tolerance. Our results indicated positive effects of MgSO4 at 4 h treatment on seedling germination and growth, seemingly by activating certain growth-regulating enzymes (auxins, gibberellins, jasmonates, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid) and metabolites (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and akaloids). Such pretreatment of MgSO4 on seeds would be beneficial in future cotton management under saline conditions to enhance good crop stand and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (W.R.); (Q.W.)
- Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (W.R.); (Q.W.)
- Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; (W.R.); (Q.W.)
- Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang 831505, China
| | - Yanping Ren
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
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149
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Nguyen VQ, Sreewongchai T, Siangliw M, Roytrakul S, Yokthongwattana C. Comparative proteomic analysis of chromosome segment substitution lines of Thai jasmine rice KDML105 under short-term salinity stress. PLANTA 2022; 256:12. [PMID: 35710953 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins, ROS detoxifying enzymes, and ion homeostasis proteins, together with proteins in carbohydrate metabolism, cell structure, brassinosteroids, and carotenoid biosynthesis pathway were up-regulated in CSSLs under salinity stress. Rice is one of the most consumed staple foods worldwide. Salinity stress is a serious global problem affecting rice productivity. Many attempts have been made to select or produce salinity-tolerant rice varieties. Genetics and biochemical approaches were used to study the salinity-responsive pathway in rice to develop salinity tolerant strains. This study investigated the proteomic profiles of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) developed from KDML105 (Khao Dawk Mali 105, a Thai jasmine rice cultivar) under salinity stress. The CSSLs showed a clear resistant phenotype in response to 150 mM NaCl treatment compared to the salinity-sensitive line, IR29. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using the Ultimate 3000 Nano/Capillary LC System coupled to a Hybrid Quadrupole Q-Tof Impact II™ equipped with a nano-captive spray ion source was applied for proteomic analysis. Based on our criteria, 178 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins under salinity stress. Protein functions in DNA replication and transcription, and stress and defense accounted for the highest proportions in response to salinity stress, followed by protein transport and trafficking, carbohydrate metabolic process, signal transduction, and cell structure. The protein interaction network among the 75 up-regulated proteins showed connections between proteins involved in cell wall synthesis, transcription, translation, and in defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Quang Nguyen
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Tanee Sreewongchai
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Meechai Siangliw
- Rice Science Center (RSC), Rice Gene Discovery Unit (RGDU), Kasetsart University, Kamphaengsaen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chotika Yokthongwattana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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150
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Cope JE, Norton GJ, George TS, Newton AC. Evaluating Variation in Germination and Growth of Landraces of Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Under Salinity Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:863069. [PMID: 35783948 PMCID: PMC9245355 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.863069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing climate change is resulting in increasing areas of salinity affected soils, rising saline groundwater and droughts resulting in irrigation with brackish water. This leads to increased salinity stress in crops that are already grown on marginal agricultural lands, such as barley. Tolerance to salinity stress is limited in the elite barley cultivar pools, but landraces of barley hold potential sources of tolerance due to their continuous selection on marginal lands. This study analyzed 140 heritage cultivars and landrace lines of barley, including 37 Scottish Bere lines that were selected from coastal regions, to screen for tolerance to salinity stress. Tolerance to salinity stress was screened by looking at the germination speed and the early root growth during germination, and the pre-maturity biomass accumulation during early growth stages. Results showed that most lines increased germination time, and decreased shoot biomass and early root growth with greater salinity stress. Elite cultivars showed increased response to the salinity, compared to the landrace lines. Individual Bere and landrace lines showed little to no effect of increased salinity in one or more experiments, one line showed high salinity tolerance in all experiments-Bere 49 A 27 Shetland. A Genome Wide Association Screening identified a number of genomic regions associated with increased tolerance to salinity stress. Two chromosomal regions were found, one associated with shoot biomass on 5HL, and another associated with early root growth, in each of the salinities, on 3HS. Within these regions a number of promising candidate genes were identified. Further analysis of these new regions and candidate genes should be undertaken, along with field trials, to identify targets for future breeding for salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Cope
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gareth J. Norton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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