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Wang J, Shi J, Zhao Y, Xue L, Li G, Wang B, Huang J, Wu S, Guo X. Cardiorespiratory responses in healthy young adults with exposure to indoor airborne PAEs: A randomized, crossover trial of air purification. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106761. [PMID: 34284317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers in industrial process and consumer products. Nowadays, PAEs are ubiquitous in the environment and are reported to be associated with cardiorespiratory diseases. However, studies about the association between indoor airborne PAEs exposure and cardiorespiratory health were limited, and the potential biological mechanism remains under-recognized. METHODS A randomized crossover trial was conducted on 57 healthy young adults in Beijing. Repeated health measurements were performed under real and sham indoor air purification with a washout interval of at least 2 weeks. The concentration of indoor airborne PAEs were determined by gas chromatography-orbit ion trap mass spectrometry. Health indicators including blood pressure, lung function, airway inflammation, and circulating biomarkers reflecting blood coagulation and systematic oxidative stress were measured. Linear mixed-effect model was used to examine the between-treatment differences in health indicators, and three models including single-constituent, constituent-fine particulate matter (PM2.5) joint, and single-constituent residual model were used to estimate the association between indoor airborne PAEs and health indicators. RESULTS The indoor airborne PAEs were reduced effectively under real air purification. The total indoor airborne di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), bis (4-Methyl-2-pentyl) phthalate (DMPP), diphenyl phthalate (DPP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP) were identified to be most significantly associated with the increase of blood pressure and airway inflammation, and decrease of lung function. A doubling increase in DEHP, DMPP, DPP, DEP was associated with the increase of 17.2% (95% CI: 3.9%, 32.2%), 11.7% (95% CI: 3.5%, 20.6%), 7.0% (95% CI: 2.4%, 11.8%), 6.0% (95% CI: 1.8%, 10.4%) in FeNO, respectively, in single-constituent residual model. Significant associations between specific total indoor airborne PAEs and increased levels of health biomarkers including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), 8-isoprostane (8-isoPGF2α), and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) were observed. CONCLUSION Indoor airborne PAEs may cause adverse cardiorespiratory health effects in young healthy adults, and indoor air purification could ameliorate the adverse cardiorespiratory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazhang Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Xue
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
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Yang H, He Y, Yan Y, Junaid M, Wang J. Characteristics, Toxic Effects, and Analytical Methods of Microplastics in the Atmosphere. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102747. [PMID: 34685192 PMCID: PMC8538790 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) (including nanoplastics (NPs)) are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 mm in size. They are produced by the crushing and decomposition of large waste plastics and widely distributed in all kinds of ecological environments and even in organisms, so they have been paid much attention by the public and scientific community. Previously, several studies have reviewed the sources, occurrence, distribution, and toxicity of MPs in water and soil. By comparison, the review of atmospheric MPs is inadequate. In particular, there are still significant gaps in the quantitative analysis of MPs and the mechanisms associated with the toxic effects of inhaled MPs. Thus, this review summarizes and analyzes the distribution, source, and fate of atmospheric MPs and related influencing factors. The potential toxic effects of atmospheric MPs on animals and humans are also reviewed in depth. In addition, the common sampling and analysis methods used in existing studies are introduced. The aim of this paper is to put forward some feasible suggestions on the research direction of atmospheric MPs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.Y.); (M.J.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Zhongshan Innovation Center, South China Agricultural University, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Yinglin He
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.Y.); (M.J.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yumeng Yan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.Y.); (M.J.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.Y.); (M.J.)
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (H.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.Y.); (M.J.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Biophysical and Environmental Science Research Center, Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-20-87571321
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Duan X, Wang H, Yang Y, Wang P, Zhang H, Liu B, Wei W, Yao W, Zhou X, Zhao J, Wang W. Genetic variants in telomerase-associated protein 1 are associated with telomere damage in PAH-exposed workers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112558. [PMID: 34333383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are functional complexes at the ends of linear chromosomes, and telomerase aids in their maintenance and replication. Additionally, accumulating evidence suggests that telomerase-associated protein 1 (TEP1) is a component of the telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex and is responsible for catalyzing the addition of new synthetic telomere sequences to chromosome ends. In our previous study, we found that genetic variants of the TERT gene participated in the regulation of telomere length. Exposure to particulate matter, environmental pollutants, oxidative stress, and pesticides is associated with shortening of telomere length. However, it is unknown whether genetic variants in the TEP1 gene may affect telomere length (TL) in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-exposed workers. Therefore, we measured the peripheral leukocyte TL and genotyped the polymorphism loci in the TEP1 gene among 544 PAH-exposed workers and 238 healthy controls. Covariance analysis showed that the individuals carrying TEP1 rs1760903 CC and TEP1 rs1760904 TT had longer TL in the control group (P < 0.05). In the generalized linear model, we found that rs1760903 CC was a protective factor against TL shortening, and PAH exposure could promote telomere shortening (P < 0.05). Thus, this study reinforces the roles of environmental factors and genetic variations in telomere damage, and provides a theoretical foundation for the early detection of susceptible populations and the establishment of occupational standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Duan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of nursing, Zhengzhou Health Vocational College, Zhengzhou 450100, Henan, China
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wan Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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Bedell SM, Lyden GR, Sathyanarayana S, Barrett ES, Ferguson KK, Santilli A, Bush NR, Swan SH, McElrath TF, Nguyen RH. First- and Third-Trimester Urinary Phthalate Metabolites in the Development of Hypertensive Diseases of Pregnancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010627. [PMID: 34682373 PMCID: PMC8536149 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether maternal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations are associated with the development of higher blood pressure or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Participants were women without chronic hypertension who enrolled in The Infant Development and the Environment Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort conducted at four U.S. academic medical centers from 2010–2012. Prenatal records were reviewed to obtain blood pressure measurements and diagnoses of PIH (gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome, defined as hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count). Complete-case analyses used multivariable linear and logistic regression for analysis of blood pressure measurements and PIH diagnoses, respectively. In the final dataset (N = 668), higher concentrations of first-trimester monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP) and third-trimester mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) were significantly associated with a medical chart diagnosis of PIH. First-trimester mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) and MEP along with the sum of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (∑DEHP) were each associated with increased systolic blood pressure across pregnancy. In conclusion, several phthalate metabolite concentrations were significantly associated with PIH and greater increases in systolic blood pressure across pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M. Bedell
- Department of Women’s Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA;
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Women’s Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Grace R. Lyden
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA;
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Pediatrics, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98145, USA;
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Emily S. Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Ashley Santilli
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55904, USA;
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Shanna H. Swan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Thomas F. McElrath
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Ruby H.N. Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
- Correspondence:
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105
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Martínez-Martínez MI, Alegre-Martínez A, Cauli O. Prenatal exposure to phthalates and its effects upon cognitive and motor functions: A systematic review. Toxicology 2021; 463:152980. [PMID: 34624397 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are chemicals widely used in packaging and consumer products, which have been shown to interfere with normal hormonal function and development in some human and animal studies. In recent decades, pregnant women's exposure to phthalates has been shown to alter the cognitive outcomes of their babies, and some studies have found delays in motor development. METHODS electronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus were searched from their inception to March 2021, using the keywords "phthalate", "cognitive" and "motor". RESULTS most studies find statistically significant inverse relationships between maternal urinary phthalate concentration during pregnancy and subsequent outcomes in children's cognitive and motor scales, especially in boys rather than girls. However, many associations are not significant, and there were even positive associations, especially in the third trimester. CONCLUSION the relationship between exposure to phthalates during pregnancy and low results on neurocognitive scales is sufficiently clear to adopt policies to reduce exposure. Further studies are needed to analyze sex differences, coordination and motor scales, and phthalate levels during breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Martínez-Martínez
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Group (FROG), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antoni Alegre-Martínez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CEU Cardinal Herrera University. Avenida Seminario, s/n, 46113 Montcada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Omar Cauli
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Group (FROG), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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106
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Mesquita I, Lorigo M, Cairrao E. Update about the disrupting-effects of phthalates on the human reproductive system. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:650-672. [PMID: 34617353 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Phthalate esters are synthetic chemicals used in the plastic industry as plasticizers and consumable products. According to United Nations, about 400 million tons of plastic are produced every year. In parallel with increased production, the concerns about its effects on human health have increased because phthalates are endocrine-disrupting compounds. Humans are continuously exposed to phthalates through different routes of exposure. Experimental data have associated the phthalates exposure to adverse effects on development and reproduction in women (e.g., earlier puberty, primary ovarian insufficiency, endometriosis, preterm birth, or in vitro fertilization) and men (e.g., anogenital distance, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and changes in adult reproductive function) although there is no consensus. Therefore, one question arises: could the increase in infertility be related to phthalates exposure? To answer this question, we aimed to assess the disrupting-effects of phthalates on the human reproductive system. For this, we reviewed the current literature based on epidemiological and experimental data and experimental studies in humans. The phthalate effects were discussed in a separate mode for female and male reproductive systems. In summary, phthalates induce toxicity in the reproductive system and human development. The increased plastic production may be related to the increase in human infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Mesquita
- CHUCB, University Hospital Centre of Cova da Beira, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Margarida Lorigo
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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107
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Yang L, Lu D, Yang B, Peng Z, Fang K, Liu Z, Song P, Ren Z, Wang L, Zhou J, Dong Q. DEHP-induced testicular injury through gene methylation pathway and the protective effect of soybean isoflavones in Sprague-Dawley rats. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 348:109569. [PMID: 34197824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most important members of Phthalate esters (PAEs), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is widely used in plastics and known as a male reproductive toxicant. Many studies have shown that soybean isoflavones (SI) can rescue the testicular injury caused by DEHP, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Because methylation is one of the most important mechanisms for maintaining normal biological functions, we studied whether methylation is involved in testicular injury induced by DEHP and whether SI could counter testicular impairment in peripubertal male Sprague Dawley rats. Compared with the control group, we found that the mRNA levels of testicular Sod2, Gpx1, and Igf-1 significantly decreased in the 900 mg/kg DEHP group (DEHP' group) (P < 0.01); however, in the DEHP + SI group, the mRNA levels of the genes obviously increased compared with the DEHP' group (P < 0.01). Simultaneously, the methylation level changes of testicular Sod2, Gpx1, and Igf-1 were similar to the mRNA levels (P < 0.01). Therefore, DEHP may affect testis and leydig cells via inducing methylation of Sod2, Gpx1, and Igf-1, and SI may rescue the impairments at the methylation level. In summary, SI is supposed to be used in DEHP-induced testicular injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchen Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Dongliang Lu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China; Department of Urology, Shenzheng Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzheng, 518110, PR China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Zhufeng Peng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Kun Fang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Zhenghuan Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Pan Song
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Zhengju Ren
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Linchun Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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108
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Gao H, Chen D, Zang M. Association between phthalate exposure and insulin resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis update. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55967-55980. [PMID: 34498187 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An update on systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to explore effects of phthalate exposure on insulin resistance. A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CNKI until March 2021. A conceptual framework was constructed to guide the organization and presentation of results. Besides, beta coefficients with corresponding confidence intervals were extracted from the most adjusted models. Extracted beta coefficients were transformed into correlation, and z Fisher transformation of correlation with the corresponding standard error was included in meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed by age (adult vs. adolescent) and sex (female vs. male) of participants and site of study (America and Europe vs. Asia) to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Nineteen literatures with 12,533 participants reporting on the association of exposure to specific phthalates and insulin resistance were selected. The majority of included studies revealed positive relationships of insulin resistance with different phthalate metabolites exposure. Meta-analyses were performed on 16 studies. Exposure to MnBP, MBzP, MCPP, MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, ∑DEHP, and high-molecular weight phthalate (∑HMWP) was associated with the increase of the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. The results of sensitivity analyses stratified by age, sex, and site of study remained stable, suggesting the robustness of these meta-analyses. Most of heterogeneity in sensitivity analyses decreased to moderate or low degree. Exposure to MnBP, MBzP, MCPP, MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, ∑DEHP, and ∑HMWP was associated with the increased risk of HOMA-IR. Age, sex, and site of study might provide limited source of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Cycle, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Dan Chen
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Miao Zang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
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109
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Chang WH, Herianto S, Lee CC, Hung H, Chen HL. The effects of phthalate ester exposure on human health: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147371. [PMID: 33965815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are one of the most widely used plasticizers in polymer products and humans are increasingly exposed to them. The constant exposure to PAEs-contained products has raised some concerns against human health. Thus, the impacts of PAEs and their metabolites on human health require a comprehensive study for a better understanding of the associated risks. Here, we attempt to review eight main health effects of PAE exposure according to the most up-to-date studies. We found that epidemiological studies demonstrated a consistent association between PAE exposure (especially DEHP and its metabolites) and a decrease in sperm quality in males and symptom development of ADHD in children. Overall, we found insufficient evidence and lack of consistency of the association between PAE exposure and cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, atherosclerosis, and CHD), thyroid diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes, obesity, kidney diseases, intelligence performance in children, and other reproductive system-related diseases (anogenital distance, girl precocious puberty, and endometriosis). Future studies (longitudinal and follow-up investigations) need to thoroughly perform in large-scale populations to yield more consistent and powerful results and increase the precision of the association as well as enhance the overall understanding of potential human health risks of PAEs in long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Samuel Herianto
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry (Chemical Biology Division), College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chang Lee
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Hung
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ling Chen
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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110
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Paquette AG, MacDonald J, Lapehn S, Bammler T, Kruger L, Day DB, Price ND, Loftus C, Kannan K, Marsit C, Mason WA, Bush NR, LeWinn KZ, Enquobahrie DA, Prasad B, Karr CJ, Sathyanarayana S. A Comprehensive Assessment of Associations between Prenatal Phthalate Exposure and the Placental Transcriptomic Landscape. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:97003. [PMID: 34478338 PMCID: PMC8415559 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are commonly used endocrine-disrupting chemicals that are ubiquitous in the general population. Prenatal phthalate exposure may alter placental physiology and fetal development, leading to adverse perinatal and childhood health outcomes. OBJECTIVE We examined associations between prenatal phthalate exposure in the second and third trimesters and the placental transcriptome at birth, including genes and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), to gain insight into potential mechanisms of action during fetal development. METHODS The ECHO PATHWAYs consortium quantified 21 urinary phthalate metabolites from 760 women enrolled in the CANDLE study (Shelby County, TN) using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Placental transcriptomic data were obtained using paired-end RNA sequencing. Linear models were fitted to estimate separate associations between maternal urinary phthalate metabolite concentration during the second and third trimester and placental gene expression at birth, adjusted for confounding variables. Genes were considered differentially expressed at a Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) p<0.05. Associations between phthalate metabolites and biological pathways were identified using self-contained gene set testing and considered significantly altered with an FDR-adjusted p<0.2. RESULTS We observed significant associations between second-trimester phthalate metabolites mono (carboxyisooctyl) phthalate (MCIOP), mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate, and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate and 18 genes in total, including four lncRNAs. Specifically, placental expression of NEAT1 was associated with multiple phthalate metabolites. Third-trimester MCIOP and mono-isobutyl phthalate concentrations were significantly associated with placental expression of 18 genes and two genes, respectively. Expression of genes within 27 biological pathways was associated with mono-methyl phthalate, MCIOP, and monoethyl phthalate concentrations. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide assessment of the relationship between the placental transcriptome at birth and prenatal phthalate exposure in a large and diverse birth cohort. We identified numerous genes and lncRNAs associated with prenatal phthalate exposure. These associations mirror findings from other epidemiological and in vitro analyses and may provide insight into biological pathways affected in utero by phthalate exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G. Paquette
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Samantha Lapehn
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Theo Bammler
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laken Kruger
- Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Drew B. Day
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nathan D. Price
- Institute For Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Onegevity Health, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - W. Alex Mason
- University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco California, USA
| | - Kaja Z. LeWinn
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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111
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Chang WH, Chou WC, Waits A, Liao KW, Kuo PL, Huang PC. Cumulative risk assessment of phthalates exposure for recurrent pregnancy loss in reproductive-aged women population using multiple hazard indices approaches. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 154:106657. [PMID: 34052604 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates, which are commonly used in flexible plastics and consumer products, have been reported to be toxic to reproductive and developmental function in mammals. Past studies have focused on the toxic effects on male reproduction, with only a few studies conducted on the risks that cumulative exposure to phthalates have on the female reproductive system. We recruited 260 patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) of unknown etiology and 203 controls from the clinics of Obstetrics and Gynecology at a medical center in southern Taiwan from 2013 to 2020. The daily intake of phthalates was estimated from urine samples using the back-calculation method, after which the cumulative risk was determined using multiple hazard indices, including a dose-addition model, a receptor effect model, and a hazard index approach. The patients with RPL had a significantly higher cumulative exposure to phthalates (p < 0.05) than did the controls with a hazard index above one. After adjusted logistic regression analysis, we found that the risk of RPL was strongly related to the higher quartiles of DEHP, the DEHPTEQ for the antiandrogenic effect and adverse effects of the female reproductive system and the ERα binding effect (p < 0.05). Our work suggests that more attentions should be paid to the adverse effects induced by phthalates on female reproduction, especially the effects caused by the cumulative exposure to phthalates in women of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Food Safety/ Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; Research Center of Environmental Trace Toxic Substances, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chou
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Alexander Waits
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Liao
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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Poitou K, Rogez-Florent T, Lecoeur M, Danel C, Regnault R, Vérité P, Monteil C, Foulon C. Analysis of Phthalates and Alternative Plasticizers in Gloves by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-UV Detection: A Comparative Study. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9090200. [PMID: 34564351 PMCID: PMC8472278 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gloves represent an essential feature for hand protection because it is a requirement in the professional framework to comply with both hand hygiene standards and the principles of good laboratory practice. Despite their wide use, there is a knowledge gap regarding their composition, including phthalates. The purpose of the present study was to develop two orthogonal methods, GC–MS and HPLC–DAD, for the screening of plasticizers in gloves. Performances of these two methods were compared in terms of ease of use, number of analyzed plasticizers, and sample preparation. The two methods were validated and applied for the identification and quantification of plasticizers in ten gloves made with different materials (vinyl, nitrile, latex, and neoprene). Results revealed the presence of three main ones: DEHP, DEHT, and DINP. Additionally, the contents of plasticizers were extremely variable, depending on the glove material. As expected, the results point out a predominant use of plasticizers in vinyl gloves with an amount that should be of concern. While DEHP is classified as a toxic substance for reproduction 1B, it was, however, quantified in the ten different glove samples studied. This study provides new data regarding the plasticizers’ content in protective gloves, which could be useful for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Poitou
- Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 76000 Rouen, France; (K.P.); (P.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Tiphaine Rogez-Florent
- Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 76000 Rouen, France; (K.P.); (P.V.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-235-148-568
| | - Marie Lecoeur
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, 59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (C.D.); (R.R.); (C.F.)
| | - Cécile Danel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, 59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (C.D.); (R.R.); (C.F.)
| | - Romain Regnault
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, 59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (C.D.); (R.R.); (C.F.)
| | - Philippe Vérité
- Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 76000 Rouen, France; (K.P.); (P.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Christelle Monteil
- Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 76000 Rouen, France; (K.P.); (P.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Catherine Foulon
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 7365-GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et Technologies Associées, 59000 Lille, France; (M.L.); (C.D.); (R.R.); (C.F.)
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Cai S, Fan J, Ye J, Rao X, Li Y. Phthalates exposure is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among US adults. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112665. [PMID: 34438269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease in the western countries. We aimed to ascertain the relationship of urinary phthalates concentrations with presence of NAFLD among US adults. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2003-2016 was performed. NAFLD was predicted by Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) and US Fatty Liver Index (US FLI), respectively. The logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate associations of urinary phthalates with NAFLD by adjustment for other covariates. RESULTS Of the 4206 participants (mean age 47.99 years old; 50.06% men), risk of suspected NAFLD was increased in those with higher concentrations of urinary phthalates. The results of multivariate models suggested that urinary phthalate metabolites MEOHP (odds ratio [OR] = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-2.24), MEHHP (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.09-2.21), MECPP (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.06-1.95) and the mixtures of nine phthalates (OR = 1.58, 95%CI = 1.18-2.11) were positively related to NAFLD defined by HSI; the similar significant associations were observed for MEHHP (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.32-2.97) when NAFLD was determined based upon US FLI ≥30. In subgroup analyses, the positive associations of urinary phthalates concentrations with NAFLD risk remained robust both in males and females, whereas only in individuals aged <60 years. CONCLUSIONS Phthalates exposure was independently associated with NAFLD both in males and females, regardless of being defined using HSI or US FLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofang Cai
- Department of Science and Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jiayao Fan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jianhong Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xianming Rao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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114
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Hamed M, Soliman HA, Badrey AE, Osman AG. Microplastics induced histopathological lesions in some tissues of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) early juveniles. Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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115
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Andrzejowski JC, Latham M, Wiles MD. The effect of warming on phthalate levels in intravenous fluid bags. Anaesthesia 2021; 76:1540-1541. [PMID: 34313323 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J C Andrzejowski
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Latham
- FaraPack Polymers Ltd, Sheffield, UK
| | - M D Wiles
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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116
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Kosnik MB, Enroth S, Karlsson O. Distinct genetic regions are associated with differential population susceptibility to chemical exposures. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 152:106488. [PMID: 33714141 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between environmental factors and genetics underlie the majority of chronic human diseases. Chemical exposures are likely an underestimated contributor, yet gene-environment (GxE) interaction studies rarely assess their modifying effects. Here, we describe a novel method to profile the human genome and identify regions associated with differential population susceptibility to chemical exposures. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) implicated in enriched chemical-disease intersections were identified and validated for three chemical classes with expected GxE interaction potential (neuroactive, hepatoactive, and cardioactive compounds). The same approach was then used to characterize consumer product classes with unknown risk for GxE interactions (washing products, cosmetics, and adhesives). Additionally, high-risk variant sets that may confer differential population susceptibility were identified for these consumer product groups through frequent itemset mining and pathway analysis. A dataset of 2454 consumer product chemical-disease linkages, with risk values, SNPs, and pathways for each association was developed, describing the interplay between environmental factors and genetics in human disease progression. We found that genetic hotspots implicated in GxE interactions differ across chemical classes (e.g., washing products had high-risk SNPs implicated in nervous system disease) and illustrate how this approach can discover new associations (e.g., washing product n-butoxyethanol implicated SNPs in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway for Alzheimer's disease). Hence, our approach can predict high-risk genetic regions for differential population susceptibility to chemical exposures and characterize chemical modifying factors in specific diseases. These methods show promise for describing how chemical exposures can lead to varied health outcomes in a population and for incorporating inter-individual variability into chemical risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa B Kosnik
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Biomedical Center, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Oskar Karlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden.
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117
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Hu H, Li T, Bao J, Zhang X, Sun X, Xu K, Liu Q, Guo Y. Determination of Phthalates in Marine Sediments Using Ultrasonic Extraction Followed by Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:207-216. [PMID: 34159372 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and novel method has been developed and validated for determination of 16 phthalates in marine sediment samples by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Freeze dried samples were first ultrasonic extraction by n-hexane:methylene chloride (1:1, v/v) and n-hexane:ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) and followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction cleanup. The linearity of this method ranged from 1 to 1,000 μg/L, with regression coefficients ranging between 0.9993 and 0.9999. The limits of detection were in ng/g level, ranging between 0.1 and 0.25 ng/g (dry weight). The concentration of the total phthalates in marine sediment samples from Waters of Dongji (Zhoushan, China), Yueqing Bay (Wenzhou, China) and Coastal Waters of Yuhuan (Taizhou, China) ranged from 235.4 to 608.7 μg/kg with diisobutyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate being the major species, which constitutes of 94.6 and 98.1% of the total phthalates. The recoveries of spiked 16 phthalates at different concentration levels in sediment sample 3 of Waters of Dongji (Zhoushan, China) and sediment sample 3 of Yueqing bay (Wenzhou, China) were in the range of 78-117% and 83-114%, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 2.4-6.8% and 3.4-7.5% (n = 5), respectively. The performance of the proposed method was also compared with traditional Soxhlet extraction and column chromatography cleanup on the same genuine sediment samples and comparable efficiencies were obtained. It is concluded that this method can be successfully applied for the determination of phthalates in different marine sediment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jingjiao Bao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, No. 2 Tiansheng Road College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences Southwest University Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Kaida Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuanming Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Tiyu Road 28, Dinghai District, Zhoushan 316021, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Caponetti V, Mavridi-Printezi A, Cingolani M, Rampazzo E, Genovese D, Prodi L, Fabbri D, Montalti M. A Selective Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for No-Wash Detection of PVC Microplastic. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1588. [PMID: 34069160 PMCID: PMC8156183 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are micrometric plastic particles present in drinking water, food and the environment that constitute an emerging pollutant and pose a menace to human health. Novel methods for the fast detection of these new contaminants are needed. Fluorescence-based detection exploits the use of specific probes to label the MP particles. This method can be environmentally friendly, low-cost, easily scalable but also very sensitive and specific. Here, we present the synthesis and application of a new probe based on perylene-diimide (PDI), which can be prepared in a few minutes by a one-pot reaction using a conventional microwave oven and can be used for the direct detection of MP in water without any further treatment of the sample. The green fluorescence is strongly quenched in water at neutral pH because of the formation dimers. The ability of the probe to label MP was tested for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The probe showed considerable selectivity to PVC MP, which presented an intense red emission after staining. Interestingly, the fluorescence of the MP after labeling could be detected, under excitation with a blue diode, with a conventional CMOS color camera. Good selectivity was achieved analyzing the red to green fluorescence intensity ratio. UV-Vis absorption, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence anisotropy, fluorescence wide-field and confocal laser scanning microscopy allowed elucidating the mechanism of the staining in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Caponetti
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (A.M.-P.); (M.C.); (E.R.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (D.F.)
- Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana, 71, 47922 Rimini, Italy
| | - Alexandra Mavridi-Printezi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (A.M.-P.); (M.C.); (E.R.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (D.F.)
| | - Matteo Cingolani
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (A.M.-P.); (M.C.); (E.R.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (D.F.)
| | - Enrico Rampazzo
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (A.M.-P.); (M.C.); (E.R.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (D.F.)
| | - Damiano Genovese
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (A.M.-P.); (M.C.); (E.R.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (D.F.)
| | - Luca Prodi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (A.M.-P.); (M.C.); (E.R.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (D.F.)
| | - Daniele Fabbri
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (A.M.-P.); (M.C.); (E.R.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (D.F.)
- Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana, 71, 47922 Rimini, Italy
| | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (A.M.-P.); (M.C.); (E.R.); (D.G.); (L.P.); (D.F.)
- Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana, 71, 47922 Rimini, Italy
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Das MT, Kumar SS, Ghosh P, Shah G, Malyan SK, Bajar S, Thakur IS, Singh L. Remediation strategies for mitigation of phthalate pollution: Challenges and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124496. [PMID: 33187797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are a group of emerging xenobiotic compounds commonly used as plasticizers. In recent times, there has been an increasing concern over the risk of phthalate exposure leading to adverse effects to human health and the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to not only understand the current status of phthalate pollution, their sources, exposure routes and health impacts, but also identify remediation technologies for mitigating phthalate pollution. Present review article aims to inform its readers about the ever increasing data on health burdens posed by phthalates and simultaneously highlights the recent advancements in research to alleviate phthalate contamination from environment. The article enumerates the major phthalates in use today, traces their environmental fate, addresses their growing health hazard concerns and largely focus on to provide an in-depth understanding of the different physical, chemical and biological treatment methods currently being used or under research for alleviating the risk of phthalate pollution, their challenges and the future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Tanay Das
- Department of Environmental Science, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore 756020, Odisha, India
| | - Smita S Kumar
- J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad 121006, Haryana, India; Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Goldy Shah
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sandeep K Malyan
- Institute for Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Somvir Bajar
- J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Faridabad 121006, Haryana, India
| | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Lakhveer Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, SRM University-AP, Amaravati 522502, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Du H, Hu RW, Zhao HM, Huang HB, Xiang L, Liu BL, Feng NX, Li H, Li YW, Cai QY, Mo CH. Mechanistic insight into esterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of phthalate esters (PAEs) based on integrated multi-spectroscopic analyses and docking simulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124901. [PMID: 33360702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel PAE-hydrolyzing esterase (named Hyd) gene was screened from the genomic library of Rhodococcus sp. 2G and was successfully expressed in heterologous E. coli, which was defined as a new family of esterolytic enzymes. The purified Hyd could efficiently degrade various PAEs, displaying high activity and stability with a broad range of pH (4-10) and temperature (20-60 °C). Interaction mechanism of Hyd with dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was investigated by integrated multi-spectroscopic and docking simulation methods. Fluorescence and UV-vis spectra revealed that DBP could quench the fluorescence of Hyd through a static quenching mechanism. The results from synchronous fluorescence and CD spectra confirmed that the DBP binding to Hyd triggered conformational and micro-environmental changes of Hyd, which were characterized by increased stretching extent and random coil, and decreased α-helix and β-sheet. Molecular docking study showed that DBP could be bound to the cavity of Hyd with hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. A novel and distinctive catalytic mechanism was proposed: two key residues Thr190 and Ser191 might catalyze the hydrolysis of DBP, instead of the conserved catalytic triad (Ser-His-Asp) reported elsewhere, which was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Du
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rui-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - He-Biao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bai-Lin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nai-Xian Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Infectious Diseases: From Endocrine Disruption to Immunosuppression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083939. [PMID: 33920428 PMCID: PMC8069594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are hormonally active compounds in the environment that interfere with the body's endocrine system and consequently produce adverse health effects. Despite persistent public health concerns, EDCs remain important components of common consumer products, thus representing ubiquitous contaminants to humans. While scientific evidence confirmed their contribution to the severity of Influenza A virus (H1N1) in the animal model, their roles in susceptibility and clinical outcome of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cannot be underestimated. Since its emergence in late 2019, clinical reports on COVID-19 have confirmed that severe disease and death occur in persons aged ≥65 years and those with underlying comorbidities. Major comorbidities of COVID-19 include diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, and kidney and liver diseases. Meanwhile, long-term exposure to EDCs contributes significantly to the onset and progression of these comorbid diseases. Besides, EDCs play vital roles in the disruption of the body's immune system. Here, we review the recent literature on the roles of EDCs in comorbidities contributing to COVID-19 mortality, impacts of EDCs on the immune system, and recent articles linking EDCs to COVID-19 risks. We also recommend methodologies that could be adopted to comprehensively study the role of EDCs in COVID-19 risk.
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Bloom MS, Valachovic EL, Begum TF, Kucklick JR, Brock JW, Wenzel AG, Wineland RJ, Cruze L, Unal ER, Newman RB. Association between gestational phthalate exposure and newborn head circumference; impacts by race and sex. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110763. [PMID: 33516688 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Observational and experimental studies report associations between gestational phthalate exposure and fetal development, yet few data exist to characterize phthalate effects on head circumference (HC) or to estimate the impact of race or sex. To address this data gap, we enrolled 152 African American and 158 white mothers with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies from the Charleston, South Carolina (USA) metropolitan area in a prospective birth cohort. Study participants provided up to two urine specimens during mid and late gestation, completed a study questionnaire, and allowed access to hospital birth records. We measured eight phthalate monoester metabolites using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and calculated molar sums of phthalate parent diesters. After specific gravity correction, we tested for associations between phthalates and neonatal HC (cm) and cephalization index (cm/g) using multiple informant linear regression with inverse probability weighting to account for selection bias between repeated urine sampling, adjusted for maternal race, age, body mass index, education, and smoking. We explored interactions by maternal race and infant sex. A doubling of urinary monoethyl phthalate (MEP) concentration was associated with a -0.49% (95%CI: -0.95%, -0.02%) smaller head circumference, although seven other phthalate metabolites were null. There were no statistically significant associations with cephalization index. HC was larger for whites than African American newborns (p < 0.0001) but similar for males and females (p = 0.16). We detected interactions for maternal race with urinary monobutyl phthalate (MBP; p = 0.03), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP; p = 0.01), monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP; p = 0.05), monomethyl phthalate (MMP; p = 0.02), and the sum of dibutyl phthalate metabolites (∑DBP; p = 0.05), in which reduced HC circumference associations were stronger among whites than African Americans, and interactions for sex with MBP (p = 0.08) and MiBP (p = 0.03), in which associations were stronger for females than males. Our results suggest that gestational phthalate exposure is associated with smaller neonatal HC and that white mothers and female newborns have greater susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bloom
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
| | - Edward L Valachovic
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Thoin F Begum
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - John R Kucklick
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - John W Brock
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Asheville, Asheville, NC, USA
| | - Abby G Wenzel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rebecca J Wineland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lori Cruze
- Department of Biology, Wofford College, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Unal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Roger B Newman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Zhong SS, Zhang J, Liu ZH, Dang Z, Liu Y. Inhibition Properties of Arylsulfatase and β-Glucuronidase by Hydrogen Peroxide, Hypochlorite, and Peracetic Acid. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8163-8170. [PMID: 33817475 PMCID: PMC8014925 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Arylsulfatase and β-glucuronidase are two important enzymes in humans, which play an important role in the dynamic equilibrium of steroidal estrogens. This work probably for the first time reported that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorite, and peracetic acid (PAA) could effectively inhibit the activities of arylsulfatase and/or β-glucuronidase. The 50% of inhibitions (IC50) of H2O2, hypochlorite, and PAA on arylsulfatase were found to be 142.90 ± 9.00, 91.83 ± 10.01, and 43.46 ± 2.92 μM, respectively. The corresponding IC50 values of hypochlorite and PAA on β-glucuronidase were 704.90 ± 41.40 and 23.26 ± 0.82 μM, whereas H2O2 showed no inhibition on β-glucuronidase. The inhibitions of arylsulfatase and/or β-glucuronidase by these three chemicals were pH-dependent. It was further revealed that the inhibitions of hypochlorite on both arylsulfatase and β-glucuronidase were irreversible. On the contrary, the inhibitions by H2O2 and PAA were reversible. In addition, the inhibition by H2O2 was competitive and that by PAA was noncompetitive. In general, H2O2 and hypochlorite can be endogenously produced in humans, which suggested that the two compounds are potential endocrine disruption compounds (EDCs) as they can cause endocrine disruption via the inhibition of arylsulfatase and β-glucuronidase. This work further indicated that any agent that can induce the production of H2O2 or hypochlorite in humans is a potential EDC, which explains why some EDCs with very weak or no estrogenic potency can cause endocrine disruption, which is confirmed in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shu Zhong
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environment Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Center, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Du Y, Rong S, Sun Y, Liu B, Wu Y, Snetselaar LG, Wallace RB, Bao W. Association Between Frequency of Eating Away-From-Home Meals and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:1741-1749.e1. [PMID: 33775622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dining out is a popular activity worldwide. Evidence on the association between eating meals away from home and long-term health outcomes is still limited. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the association of frequency of eating meals prepared away from home with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING This study included 35,084 adults aged 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 1999-2014, who reported their dietary habits including frequency of eating meals prepared away from home in a questionnaire during face-to-face household interviews. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer mortality were ascertained by linkage to death records through December 31, 2015. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios of mortality from all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality. RESULTS During 291,475 person-years of follow-up, 2,781 deaths occurred, including 511 deaths from cardiovascular disease and 638 death from cancer. After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, dietary and lifestyle factors, and body mass index, the hazard ratio of mortality among participants who ate meals prepared away from home very frequently (2 meals or more per day) compared with those who seldom ate meals prepared away from home (fewer than 1 meal/wk) was 1.49 (95% CI 1.05 to 2.13) for all-cause mortality, 1.18 (95% CI 0.55 to 2.55) for cardiovascular mortality, and 1.67 (95% CI 0.87 to 3.21) for cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS Frequent consumption of meals prepared away from home is significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. The association of eating meals prepared away from home with cardiovascular mortality and cancer mortality warrants additional investigation.
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Feng NX, Feng YX, Liang QF, Chen X, Xiang L, Zhao HM, Liu BL, Cao G, Li YW, Li H, Cai QY, Mo CH, Wong MH. Complete biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) by a novel Pseudomonas sp. YJB6. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143208. [PMID: 33162130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are environmentally ubiquitous and have aroused a worldwide concern due to their threats to environment and human health. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most frequently observed PAEs in the environment. In this study, a novel bacterium identified as Pseudomonas sp. YJB6 that isolated from PAEs-contaminated soil was determined to have strong DBP-degrading activity. A complete degradation of DBP in 200 mg/L was achieved within 3 days when YJB6 was cultivated at 31.4 °C with an initial inoculation size of 0.6 (OD600) in basic mineral salts liquid medium (MSM), pH 7.6. The degradation curves of DBP (50-2000 mg/L) fitted well the first-order kinetics model, with a half-life (t1/2) ranging from 0.86 to 1.88 d. The main degradation intermediates were identified as butyl-ethyl phthalate (BEP), mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), phthalic acid (PA) and benzoic acid (BA), indicating a new complex and complete biodegradation pathway presented by YJB6. DBP might be metabolized through de-esterification, β-oxidation, and hydrolysis, followed by entering the Krebs cycle of YJB6 as a final step. Strain YJB6 was successfully immobilized with sodium alginate (SA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and SA-PVA. The immobilization significantly improved the stability and adaptability of the cells thus resulting in high volumetric DBP-degrading rates compared to that of the freely suspended cells. In addition, these immobilized cells can be reused for many cycles with well conserved in DBP-degrading activity. The ideal DBP degrading ability of the free and immobilized YJB6 cells suggests that strain YJB6, especially the SA-PVA+ YJB6 promises great potential to remove hazardous PAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Xian Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Xi Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qi-Feng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hai-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bai-Lin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gang Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
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Rister AL, Amato CM, Nash T, McCoy MW, Bereman M, McCoy KA. Toxicant exposure during pregnancy increases protective proteins in the dam and a sexually dimorphic response in the fetus. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 413:115407. [PMID: 33434571 PMCID: PMC9152768 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that alter endocrine system function, induce birth defects, and a myriad of other negative health outcomes. Although the mechanism of toxicity of many EDCs have been studied in detail, little work has focused on understanding the mechanisms through which pregnant dams and fetuses protect themselves from EDCs, or if those protective mechanisms are sexually dimorphic in fetuses. In this study, we examined proteomic alterations in the livers of mouse dams and their male and female fetuses induced by vinclozolin, a model antiandrogenic EDC. Dam livers upregulated nine phase I and phase II detoxification pathways and pathway analysis revealed that more pathways are significantly enriched in dam livers than in fetal livers. Phase I and II detoxification proteins are also involved in steroid and steroid hormone biosynthesis and vinclozolin likely alters steroid levels in both the dam and the fetus. The response of the fetal liver proteome to vinclozolin exposure is sexually dimorphic. Female fetal livers upregulated proteins in xenobiotic metabolism pathways, whereas male fetal livers upregulated proteins in oxidative phosphorylation pathways. These results suggest that female fetuses increase protective mechanisms, whereas male fetuses increase ATP production and several disease pathways that are indicative of oxidative damage. Females fetuses upregulate proteins and protective pathways that were similar to the dams whereas males did not. If this sexually dimorphic pattern is typical, then males might generally be more sensitive to EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana L Rister
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Ciro M Amato
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Tara Nash
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael W McCoy
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Michael Bereman
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Krista A McCoy
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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Association between Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Adolescents and Young Adults. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9020033. [PMID: 33562063 PMCID: PMC7915273 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial function is crucial in the pathogenesis of circulatory and cardiovascular toxicity; epidemiologic research investigating the association between phthalate exposure and endothelial dysfunction remains limited. We examined the associations between exposures to specific phthalates (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, DEHP; di-n-butyl phthalate, DnBP) and circulating endothelial and platelet microparticles (EMPs and PMPs) in adolescents and young adults. Of the 697 participants recruited, anthropometric measurements and health-related behaviors relevant to cardiovascular risks were collected and assessed. Urine and serum were collected and analyzed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and flow cytometry. Multiple linear regression indicated that increases in urinary concentrations of ΣDEHP and MnBP (mono-n-butyl phthalate), across quartiles, were positively associated with serum EMPs level (p for trend <0.001 and <0.001; β = 0.798 and 0.007; standard error = 0.189 and 0.001, respectively). Moreover, female and overweight subjects had higher MnBP, and males were more vulnerable to DnBP exposure compared to females. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a dose-response relationship between exposures to phthalates (ΣDEHP and MnBP) and microparticle formation (EMPs and PMPs) in adolescents and young adults. The findings indicate that exposures to phthalates of both low and high-molecular weight are positively associated with microparticle production, and might contribute to endothelial dysfunction; such damage might manifest in the form of atherosclerotic-related vascular diseases. Future in vivo and in vitro studies are warranted to elucidate whether a causal relationship exists between phthalate exposure and EMPs and PMPs.
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Sun L, Fan J, Song G, Cai S, Fan C, Zhong Y, Li Y. Exposure to phthalates is associated with grip strength in US adults. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111787. [PMID: 33333342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The potential association of exposure to phthalates with muscle strength was reported in previous animal experiments. However, their association was rarely directly investigated in general populations. Thus, we aimed to ascertain the association of exposure to phthalates with grip strength using cross-sectional analysis which included 2436 individuals aged ≥ 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2011-2014. The multivariable linear regression models were performed with the adjustment of related covariates. The results suggested that a one-unit increase in log-transformed phthalate metabolites (μg/g creatinine) was inversely associated with grip strength, including Mono-(2-ethyl)-hexyl phthalate (β: -2.727 kg, 95% CI: -3.452, -2.002), Mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (β: -3.721 kg, 95% CI: -4.836, -2.607), Mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexl) phthalate (β: -4.669 kg, 95% CI: -5.761, -3.577), Mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (β: -4.756 kg, 95% CI: -5.957, -3.554), Mono-carboxyoctyl phthalate (β: -1.324 kg, 95% CI: -2.412, -0.235), Mono-carboxynonyl phthalate (β: -2.036 kg, 95% CI: -3.185, -0.886), Mono-benzyl phthalate (β: -2.940 kg, 95% CI: -3.853, -2.026), Mono-n-butyl phthalate (β: -2.100 kg, 95% CI: -3.474, -0.726), Mono-isobutyl phthalate (β: -2.982 kg, 95% CI: -4.331, -1.633), and Mono-ethyl phthalate (β: -1.709 kg, 95% CI: -2.368, -1.050). In subgroup analyses, the associations remained largely unchanged when the samples were stratified by gender and age; However they became ambiguous among underweight subjects when the samples were stratified by BMI status. Overall, exposure to phthalates was inversely associated with grip strength among US adults, regardless of their genders and ages. The suggestive potential BMI status-specific effects of phthalates on grip strength were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayao Fan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangzhong Song
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaofang Cai
- Department of Science and Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunhong Fan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaohong Zhong
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Li
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
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Li YY, Ghanbari R, Pathmasiri W, McRitchie S, Poustchi H, Shayanrad A, Roshandel G, Etemadi A, Pollock JD, Malekzadeh R, Sumner SCJ. Untargeted Metabolomics: Biochemical Perturbations in Golestan Cohort Study Opium Users Inform Intervention Strategies. Front Nutr 2020; 7:584585. [PMID: 33415121 PMCID: PMC7783045 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.584585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Over 50 million people worldwide are estimated to use opioids, of which ~30 million use opiates (opium and its derivatives). Use of opiates has been associated with a variety of adverse complications such as neurological and behavioral outcomes, addiction, cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. While it is well known that opiates exert their neurobiological effects through binding with mu, kappa, and delta receptors to exert analgesic and sedative effects, mechanistic links to other health effects are not well understood. Our study focuses on the identification of biochemical perturbations in Golestan Cohort Study (GCS) opium users. Methods: We used untargeted metabolomics to evaluate the metabolic profiles of 218 opium users and 80 non-users participating in the GCS. Urine samples were obtained from adult (age 40–75) opium users living in the Golestan Province of Iran. Untargeted analysis of urine was conducted using a UPLC-Q-Exactive HFx Mass Spectrometry and a 700 MHz NMR Spectrometry. Results: These GCS opium users had a significantly higher intake of tobacco and alcohol and a significantly decreased BMI compared with non-users. Metabolites derived from opium (codeine, morphine, and related glucuronides), nicotine, and curing or combustion of plant material were increased in opium users compared with non-users. Endogenous compounds which differentiated the opium users and non-users largely included vitamins and co-factors, metabolites involved in neurotransmission, Kreb's cycle, purine metabolism, central carbon metabolism, histone modification, and acetylation. Conclusions: Our study reveals biochemical perturbations in GCS opium users that are important to the development of intervention strategies to mitigate against the development of adverse effects of substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Reza Ghanbari
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Susan McRitchie
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amaneh Shayanrad
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan D Pollock
- Genetics, Epigenetics, and Developmental Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Susan C J Sumner
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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130
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Urlings MJE, Duyx B, Swaen GMH, Bouter LM, Zeegers MPA. Determinants of Citation in Epidemiological Studies on Phthalates: A Citation Analysis. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2020; 26:3053-3067. [PMID: 32789752 PMCID: PMC7755632 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-020-00260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Citing of previous publications is an important factor in knowledge development. Because of the great amount of publications available, only a selection of studies gets cited, for varying reasons. If the selection of citations is associated with study outcome this is called citation bias. We will study determinants of citation in a broader sense, including e.g. study design, journal impact factor or the funding source of the publication. As a case study we assess which factors drive citation in the human literature on phthalates, specifically the metabolite mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). A systematic literature search identified all relevant publications on human health effect of MEHP. Data on potential determinants of citation were extracted in duplo. Specialized software was used to create a citation network, including all potential citation pathways. Random effect logistic regression was used to assess whether these determinants influence the likelihood of citation. 112 Publications on MEHP were identified, with 5684 potential citation pathways of which 551 were actual citations. Reporting of a harmful point estimate, journal impact factor, authority of the author, a male corresponding author, research performed in North America and self-citation were positively associated with the likelihood of being cited. In the literature on MEHP, citation is mostly driven by a number of factors that are not related to study outcome. Although the identified determinants do not necessarily give strong indications of bias, it shows selective use of published literature for a variety of reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam J E Urlings
- Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, School NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bram Duyx
- Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, School NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard M H Swaen
- Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, School NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lex M Bouter
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice P A Zeegers
- Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, School NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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131
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The dynamic assessment of toxicity and pathological process of DEHP in germ cells of male Sprague Dawley rats. Reprod Biol 2020; 20:465-473. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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132
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Detection of Metal-Doped Fluorescent PVC Microplastics in Freshwater Mussels. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122363. [PMID: 33261080 PMCID: PMC7759941 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The large-scale production of plastic and the resulting release of waste is leading to a huge accumulation of micro-sized particles in the environment that could have an impact on not only aquatic organisms but also on humans. Despite the extensive literature on the subject, there is still an insufficient harmonization of methodologies for the collection and analysis of microplastics (MPs) in complex matrices; especially for high density polymers; such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which tend to sink and accumulate in sediments, becoming available to benthonic organisms. In this article, mussels have been chosen as model for microplastic accumulation due to their extensive filtering activity and their wide distribution in both fresh and salt water basins. To facilitate the identification and quantification of microplastics taken up by mussels, novel fluorescent and metal-doped PVC microplastics (PVC-Platinum octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) MPs in the size range of 100 µm) have been synthesized and characterized. For the analysis of the mussels following exposure, an enzymatic protocol using amylase, lipase, papain, and SDS for organic material digestion and a sucrose-ZnCl2 density gradient for the selective separation of ingested microplastics has been developed. The final identification of MPs was performed by fluorescence microscopy. This work can greatly benefit the scientific community by providing a means to study the behavior of PVC MPs, which represent an example of a very relevant yet poorly studied high density polymeric contaminant commonly found in complex environmental matrices.
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133
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Wang B, Qin X, Xiao N, Yao Y, Duan Y, Cui X, Zhang S, Luo H, Sun H. Phthalate exposure and semen quality in infertile male population from Tianjin, China: Associations and potential mediation by reproductive hormones. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140673. [PMID: 32702538 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Global decline in male fertility and their associations with ubiquitous exposure of phthalates (PAEs) have raised public concerns. However, the current epidemiological data are limited and controversial. Hence, we investigated possible associations between PAE exposure and male infertility. Eleven phthalate metabolites (mPAEs) were determined in urine and serum samples collected from eighty-eight males diagnosed with infertility from Tianjin, China. The median serum levels of mPAE were n.d. -3.63 ng/mL, which were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than the urinary levels of n.d. -192 ng/mL. Negative associations were identified between urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and MiBP and serum MCMHP, as well as testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and the molar concentrations of ∑mPAE, while positive association was found between T and the serum molar concentrations of ∑mDEHP. Positive associations were found between the molar concentrations of serum ∑mPAE and sperm concentration, sperm motility rate, and progressive motility, between mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) and semen volume and total sperm number, and between MCMHP and progressive motility, while negative association was found between mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) and progressive motility. Moreover, FSH was found to mediate the association between serum concentrations of MCMHP and progressive motility (mediation ratio = 41.6%), and LH to mediate the associations between serum concentrations of ∑mPAE and sperm concentration (mediation ratio = 45.7%) and sperm motility rate (mediation ratio = 29.0%). These results also suggested that serum levels of mPAE are a good predictor for male infertility. Further efforts need to be made on toxicological studies to systematically elaborate the internal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaolei Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yishuang Duan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianfeng Cui
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Haining Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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134
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Jayaweera M, Perera H, Bandara N, Danushika G, Gunawardana B, Somaratne C, Manatunge J, Zoysa K, Thathsara T. Migration of phthalates from PET water bottle in events of repeated uses and associated risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:39149-39163. [PMID: 32642892 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09925-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are widely used as a plasticizer in manufacturing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles to improve softness, flexibility, durability, longevity, and workability. Phthalates are known in instigating profound human health hazards. In many developing countries, lack of proper disposal facilities established for empty PET bottles and the absence of legislation on reuse invariably persuade people to reuse them for storing potable water. An experiment was conducted with two commercial brands of PET bottles to explore the potential of phthalate migration when domestically refilled and reused in multiple times at two temperature conditions. Temperatures of ambient (27 ± 2 °C) and warm (60 ± 2 °C) were selected as the refilling temperatures because of the common practice by people. For both brands, only bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) levels were detected in refilled water in every event of reuse. For both brands, mean DEHP levels migrated to water at 60 ± 2 °C were significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to those at 27 ± 2 °C. Risk analyses carried out on human health suggested that there exist no definite acute or chronic health risks when the refilled water is consumed continuously for 30 years for both temperatures. Still, such risks were higher for the consumption of refilled water of warm temperatures than those of ambient temperature. However, this study elucidates that DEHP migration would be at an alarming rate when the events of reuse of a single bottle increase so that regulations banning the reuse of empty PET bottles are paramount, especially for developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Jayaweera
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka.
| | - Hasini Perera
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Nilanthi Bandara
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Gimhani Danushika
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Chandani Somaratne
- Division of Polymer and Chemical Engineering Technology, Institute of Technology, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
| | - Jagath Manatunge
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
| | - Kasun Zoysa
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
| | - Thilini Thathsara
- Division of Polymer and Chemical Engineering Technology, Institute of Technology, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
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135
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Yuan XQ, Du YY, Liu C, Guo N, Teng XM, Hua X, Yao YC, Deng YL, Zeng Q, Deng TR, Li YF. Phthalate metabolites and biomarkers of oxidative stress in the follicular fluid of women undergoing in vitro fertilization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139834. [PMID: 32531598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested that phthalate exposures were associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, such as low oocyte yield and reduced embryo quality, but the underlying mechanisms remained largely unknown. Oxidative stress may be a potential contributor to phthalate-induced adverse reproductive outcomes. To explore the associations between phthalate exposure and levels of oxidative stress among women seeking in vitro fertilization (IVF), we measured the concentrations of eight phthalate metabolites and biomarkers of oxidative stress, including 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), in follicular fluid (FF) samples collected from 332 women. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess the associations between phthalate metabolites and biomarkers of oxidative stress in FF samples. The concentrations of most tested phthalate metabolites were positively associated with the 8-OHdG levels. The metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were inversely associated with the TAC levels. The concentrations of mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) were positively associated with the MDA levels. Our results revealed a positive association between phthalate metabolites and oxidative stress levels in FF, while more toxicological and epidemiological studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiong Yuan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yao-Yao Du
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Na Guo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Teng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiang Hua
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang-Cheng Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Tao-Ran Deng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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136
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Pathak G. Permeable persons and plastic packaging in India: from biomoral substance exchange to chemotoxic transmission. JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1467-9655.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Pathak
- Department of Global Studies Aarhus University Jens Chr. Skous Vej 7, Building 1465, Room 328, 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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137
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Svobodova L, Dvorakova M, Rucki M, Kejlova K, Kandarova H, Kolarova H, Mannerstrom M, Heinonen T. Safety testing of adult novelties using in vitro methods. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 117:104780. [PMID: 32898621 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite widespread and prolonged use of adult novelties, their health safety is not regularly tested or legally regulated. In the EU, adult novelties are subjected to the General Product Safety Directive, placing the burden of proof regarding safe products onto the manufacturers. The aim of our pilot study was to expand knowledge on potential application of in vitro methods for hazard prediction of extracts from final products. We subjected extracts of 20 adult novelties, purchased on the Czech market to toxicological tests including NRU cytotoxicity assay, sensitization tests DPRA and LuSens and the YES/YAS endocrine assay. Four samples produced cytotoxicity. Sensitization potential was recorded by DPRA (three samples) while the LuSens reported ten samples. Regarding endocrine disruption, three samples produced antiestrogen and antiandrogen effects. Six samples exhibited androgenic potential and one sample showed estrogenic potential. Positive results with possible health effects were recorded repeatedly for samples made of ABS, PVC and latex. The study has confirmed promising usefulness of our test methods combination with regard to safety testing of this type of consumer products. The results should be evaluated with care, however, the data bring added-value to the limited knowledge of mixture toxicology and are indicative for further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Svobodova
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Šrobárova 48/49, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - M Dvorakova
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Šrobárova 48/49, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic; Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, Ruská 87, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic.
| | - M Rucki
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Šrobárova 48/49, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic.
| | - K Kejlova
- National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Šrobárova 48/49, 100 00, Prague 10, Czech Republic.
| | - H Kandarova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - H Kolarova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - M Mannerstrom
- FICAM, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014 Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - T Heinonen
- FICAM, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, FI-33014 Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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138
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Lim JE, Choi B, Jee SH. Urinary bisphenol A, phthalate metabolites, and obesity: do gender and menopausal status matter? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:34300-34310. [PMID: 32557043 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09570-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies of urinary bisphenol A (BPA), phthalate metabolites, and obesity risk have shown inconsistent results. Menopausal status is one of the main factors that affect hormone secretion change in women. In this study, we examined whether urinary BPA and phthalate metabolite levels are associated with obesity and whether the associations differ by sex and menopausal status in a sample of Korean adult populations. We recruited participants at three branches (Yeouido, Gangnam, and Gwanghwamun) of the Korea Medical Institute, a nationwide health check-up center, from 2015 to 2016. Urinary BPA level was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (Agilent 6490 Triple Quad LC-MS/MS; Agilent Technologies, CA, USA). Urinary six phthalate metabolites were analyzed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (TSQ Quantum Access Mass; Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA). Participants with body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 were defined as general obesity group. Men with waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm and women with WC ≥ 85 cm were defined as abdominal obesity group. Age, sex, alcohol intake, smoking, and exercise were considered in multivariate logistic regression models. Among the total of 702 participants, 211 participants were classified into the general obesity group, and 131 participants were classified into the abdominal obesity group. Urinary phthalate metabolite levels were not associated with general and abdominal obesity in men and women. However, in women, urinary BPA concentration was positively associated with abdominal obesity (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.00-2.26). Also, the association was stronger in postmenopausal women (OR = 2.23, 1.01-4.92), while it was weak in premenopausal women (OR = 1.31, 0.78-2.20). In this study, urinary BPA concentration was associated with abdominal obesity in women, especially postmenopausal women. Future studies should consider sex and menopausal status when investigating associations between urinary BPA, phthalate metabolites levels, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Lim
- Institute for Health Promotion & Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - BongKyoo Choi
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Work and Health Research, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sun Ha Jee
- Institute for Health Promotion & Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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139
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Addo KA, Palakodety N, Hartwell HJ, Tingare A, Fry RC. Placental microRNAs: Responders to environmental chemicals and mediators of pathophysiology of the human placenta. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1046-1056. [PMID: 32913718 PMCID: PMC7472806 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic modifiers that play an important role in the regulation of the expression of genes across the genome. miRNAs are expressed in the placenta as well as other organs, and are involved in several biological processes including the regulation of trophoblast differentiation, migration, invasion, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and cellular metabolism. Related to their role in disease process, miRNAs have been shown to be differentially expressed between normal placentas and placentas obtained from women with pregnancy/health complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and obesity. This dysregulation indicates that miRNAs in the placenta likely play important roles in the pathogenesis of diseases during pregnancy. Furthermore, miRNAs in the placenta are susceptible to altered expression in relation to exposure to environmental toxicants. With relevance to the placenta, the dysregulation of miRNAs in both placenta and blood has been associated with maternal exposures to several toxicants. In this review, we provide a summary of miRNAs that have been assessed in the context of human pregnancy-related diseases and in relation to exposure to environmental toxicants in the placenta. Where data are available, miRNAs are discussed in their context as biomarkers of exposure and/or disease, with comparisons made across-tissue types, and conservation across studies detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezia A. Addo
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Niharika Palakodety
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hadley J. Hartwell
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aishani Tingare
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gilling School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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140
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Phthalates Implications in the Cardiovascular System. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7030026. [PMID: 32707888 PMCID: PMC7570088 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Today’s sedentary lifestyle and eating habits have been implicated as some of the causes of the increased incidence of several diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, environmental pollutants have also been identified as another possible cause for this increase in recent decades. The constant human exposure to plastics has been raising attention regarding human health, particularly when it comes to phthalates. These are plasticizers used in the manufacture of industrial and consumer products, such as PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) plastics and personal care products, with endocrine-disrupting properties, as they can bind molecular targets in the body and interfere with hormonal function. Since these compounds are not covalently bound to the plastic, they are easily released into the environment during their manufacture, use, or disposal, leading to increased human exposure and enhancing health risks. In fact, some studies have related phthalate exposure with cardiovascular health, having already shown a positive association with the development of hypertension and atherosclerosis in adults and some cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to present and relate the most recent studies concerning the implications of phthalates effects on the cardiovascular system.
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Ramadan M, Cooper B, Posnack NG. Bisphenols and phthalates: Plastic chemical exposures can contribute to adverse cardiovascular health outcomes. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1362-1385. [PMID: 32691967 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates and bisphenols are high production volume chemicals that are used in the manufacturing of consumer and medical products. Given the ubiquity of bisphenol and phthalate chemicals in the environment, biomonitoring studies routinely detect these chemicals in 75-90% of the general population. Accumulating evidence suggests that such chemical exposures may influence human health outcomes, including cardiovascular health. These associations are particularly worrisome for sensitive populations, including fetal, infant and pediatric groups-with underdeveloped metabolic capabilities and developing organ systems. In the presented article, we aimed to review the literature on environmental and clinical exposures to bisphenols and phthalates, highlight experimental work that suggests that these chemicals may exert a negative influence on cardiovascular health, and emphasize areas of concern that relate to vulnerable pediatric groups. Gaps in our current knowledge are also discussed, so that future endeavors may resolve the relationship between chemical exposures and the impact on pediatric cardiovascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manelle Ramadan
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Blake Cooper
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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142
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Diet and Nutritional Factors in Male (In)fertility-Underestimated Factors. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051400. [PMID: 32397485 PMCID: PMC7291266 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In up to 50% of cases, infertility issues stem solely from the male. According to some data, the quality of human semen has deteriorated by 50%–60% over the last 40 years. A high-fat diet and obesity, resulting from an unhealthy lifestyle, affects the structure of spermatozoa, but also the development of offspring and their health in later stages of life. In obese individuals, disorders on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are observed, as well as elevated oestrogen levels with a simultaneous decrease in testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Healthy dietary models clearly correlate with better sperm quality and a smaller risk of abnormalities in parameters such as sperm count, sperm concentration and motility, and lower sperm DNA fragmentation. Apart from mineral components such as zinc and selenium, the role of omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidant vitamins should be emphasized, since their action will be primarily based on the minimization of oxidative stress and the inflammation process. Additionally, the incorporation of carnitine supplements and coenzyme Q10 in therapeutic interventions also seems promising. Therefore, it is advisable to have a varied and balanced diet based on vegetables and fruit, fish and seafood, nuts, seeds, whole-grain products, poultry, and low-fat dairy products.
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143
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Henriksen LS, Mathiesen BK, Assens M, Krause M, Skakkebæk NE, Juul A, Andersson AM, Hart RJ, Newnham JP, Keelan JA, Pennell C, Main KM, Frederiksen H. Use of stored serum in the study of time trends and geographical differences in exposure of pregnant women to phthalates. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109231. [PMID: 32087443 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to some phthalate diesters has been associated with adverse reproductive health outcomes in both rodents and humans indicative of anti-androgenic effects. Exposure during sensitive periods of development, such as prenatally, is of particular concern. OBJECTIVES We wished to investigate whether phthalate metabolites measured in maternal serum samples from historical birth cohorts can be used to assess prenatal exposure. Further, we aimed to study temporal and geographical trends in phthalate exposure across three different birth cohorts. METHODS We compared phthalate metabolite levels in maternal serum samples from an Australian (1989-91) and a Danish (1997-2001) birth cohort with levels in serum and urine samples from a recent Danish birth cohort (2012-14). Samples were analysed for 32 phthalate metabolites from 15 phthalate diesters by isotope-diluted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Correlations between metabolites were tested by Spearman rank correlation test, and differences between the cohorts were tested by Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Overall, we observed large variations in serum phthalate metabolite levels between individuals. Secondary metabolites of di-(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP) in serum were weakly to moderately and positively correlated to the levels measured in urine, and secondary metabolites of DEHP were also moderately to strongly and significantly correlated in serum. Correlations with mono-(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and mono-iso-nonyl phthalate (MiNP), the two primary metabolites of DEHP and DiNP, were inconsistent, and we found indications of sample contamination. We observed some significant differences in phthalate metabolite levels between the three cohorts with generally higher levels in the older birth cohorts. CONCLUSION Based on comparison across two older birth cohorts and a recent cohort, our results support the concept that historical biobanked serum samples may be used for assessment of prenatal exposure to phthalates when using serum levels of the monoesters of the low-molecular weight (LMW) phthalates and the secondary metabolites of the high-molecular weight (HMW) phthalates. Serum phthalate measurements are, however, not suitable for human biomonitoring and should only be used to exploit historical samples from cohorts, where urine samples were not collected. Our findings suggest that phthalate exposure may have decreased over time from the early 1990s to the 2010s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise S Henriksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Barbara K Mathiesen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Assens
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianna Krause
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Erik Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roger J Hart
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6008, Australia; Fertility Specialists of Western Australia, Bethesda Hospital, 25 Queenslea Drive, Claremont, WA, 6010, Australia
| | - John P Newnham
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6008, Australia
| | - Jeffrey A Keelan
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6008, Australia
| | - Craig Pennell
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frederiksen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction and International Centre for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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144
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Yao YC, Du YY, Wang YX, Deng TR, Liu C, Teng XM, Hua X, Yuan XQ, Guo N, Yin L, Zeng Q, Li YF. Predictors of phthalate metabolites in urine and follicular fluid and correlations between urine and follicular fluid phthalate metabolite concentrations among women undergoing in vitro fertilization. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 184:109295. [PMID: 32126376 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalate metabolites in follicular fluid (FF) may negatively affect normal folliculogenesis; however, the predictors of phthalate metabolite concentrations in urine and FF and relationships between urine and FF phthalate metabolite concentrations among women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate predictors of phthalate metabolites in urine and FF and correlations between urine and FF phthalate metabolite concentrations among women undergoing IVF. METHOD We recruited 305 women seeking infertility treatment at a reproductive center in Wuhan, China, from October to November 2016. Information regarding demographic characteristics, personal care product use and plastic material contact was obtained through direct interviews. Concentrations of 8 phthalate metabolites in urine and FF samples were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Associations regarding metabolite concentrations in urine and FF samples were analysed by Spearman's correlation and linear regression. Generalized linear regression was used to examine potential predictors of phthalate metabolite concentrations in urine and FF. RESULTS Weak to moderate associations between urine and FF samples were found for monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) (correlation coefficient: MEP, 0.350; MEOHP, 0.377); no associations were observed for other metabolites. The predictive powers of urinary metabolite concentrations in determining FF metabolite concentrations were uniformly low, with R2 ≤ 0.113. Body mass index (BMI) and educational level were inversely associated with the urinary concentrations of certain metabolites. Higher household income, intake of bottled drinks within 48 h, and use of shower gel and soap were frequently associated with higher urinary metabolite concentrations. BMI, higher household income and use of disposable plastic cups within 48 h were associated with higher metabolite concentrations in FF. CONCLUSION Phthalate metabolite concentrations in urine and FF vary according to sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors. Phthalate metabolite concentrations in urine may not be appropriate for estimating ovary phthalate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Cheng Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yao-Yao Du
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yi-Xing Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tao-Ran Deng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Teng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiang Hua
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Yuan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Na Guo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Li Yin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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145
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Golestanzadeh M, Riahi R, Kelishadi R. Association of phthalate exposure with precocious and delayed pubertal timing in girls and boys: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:873-894. [PMID: 32091510 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to phthalate derivatives has adverse effects on the health and development of humans, especially for children. A growing body of evidence supports the idea that exposure to phthalates can change an individual's physiological set point and the time of puberty in both genders. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, recent studies were evaluated to obtain systematic and regulation results in relation to puberty status and phthalate exposure in girls and boys. We searched English-language papers using Scopus, ISI, and PubMed databases as search engines, with no restriction of time, until the end of July 2019. A comprehensive literature search for an association between phthalate exposure and signs of puberty as well as levels of different types of hormones was carefully performed. Of the 67 studies retained for full-text screening, 39 studies were eligible for data management and extraction. For conducting a meta-analysis, four studies had appropriate effect size and metrics for pooling in the meta-analysis. Our findings revealed that low and high exposure to phthalates could alter pubertal development in both genders; the effects were either early or delayed puberty such as changes in the pubarche, thelarche, and menarche time, as well as in testicular volume. We statistically analyzed the association of pubic-hair development, breast development, and menarche time with exposure to phthalates in girls. For example, the pooled odds ratios of mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) in relation to breast development were (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.11-1.85) and (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.15-1.58) (P-value < 0.001), respectively. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between pubic-hair development and testicular volume with exposure to phthalates in boys. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of its kind for girls and boys. In conclusion, we found that a positive association exists between phthalate exposure and pubertal timing in the pediatric age group. Therefore, prevention of exposure to phthalates and reduction of their use should be underscored in the strategies for primordial prevention of pubertal timing and related consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Golestanzadeh
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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146
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Wu W, Wu C, Ji C, Diao F, Peng J, Luo D, Mu X, Ruan X. Association between phthalate exposure and asthma risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 228:113539. [PMID: 32335495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates are ubiquitously found in numerous environments and have been related to a variety of adverse health effects. Previous studies have suggested that phthalate exposure is associated with asthma risk in humans; however, such findings are inconsistent. METHODS The aim of the present meta-analysis was to clarify the association between phthalate exposure and asthma risk. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science for relevant studies published up to January 5, 2020. Fixed-effects or random-effects models were applied to combine the results, and several subgroup analyses were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 14 studies containing more than 14,000 participants were included in the present study. A positive, significant association between mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) levels and asthma risk was found, and the overall odds ratio (OR) was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.28, P-value for overall effect [Pz] = 0.001), with a low heterogeneity (P-value for heterogeneity [Phet] = 0.193, I2 = 23.6%). The pooled ORs for mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) concentrations were 1.13 (95% CI: 1.03-1.24, Pz = 0.011) and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.00-1.42, Pz = 0.045), respectively. Children with high levels of MBzP or mono-(carboxynonyl) phthalate (MCNP) were suggested to have increased odds of asthma compared to older populations. In the subgroup analysis by study location, an increased risk for asthma in relation to levels of the sum of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (ΣDEHP) was observed in European studies (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.34, Pz = 0.048) compared to Asia and North America. CONCLUSIONS Urinary levels of MBzP, MEHHP, MECPP, MCNP, and DEHP were positively related to asthma risk. No significant association was observed for the other phthalate metabolites in relation to asthma risk. Further research is needed to verify these findings and shed light on the molecular mechanism by which phthalates are associated with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Chuangyan Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cunwei Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Fuqiang Diao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Jinglun Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Xiaoping Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Xiaolin Ruan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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147
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Katsikantami I, Tzatzarakis MN, Alegakis AK, Karzi V, Hatzidaki E, Stavroulaki A, Vakonaki E, Xezonaki P, Sifakis S, Rizos AK, Tsatsakis AM. Phthalate metabolites concentrations in amniotic fluid and maternal urine: Cumulative exposure and risk assessment. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:529-538. [PMID: 32368503 PMCID: PMC7186561 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are used in industry as plasticizers or additives in everyday products and they have been considered as endocrine disrupting chemicals. Maternal exposure during pregnancy has been associated with neonatal exposure, preterm birth and impacts in the reproductive and respiratory systems. The aim of this study is to determine six phthalate metabolites (mono isobutyl phthalate, miBP, mono n-butyl phthalate, mnBP, mono benzyl phthalate, mBzP, mono ethylhexyl phthalate, mEHP, mono 2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate, mEHHP, mono 2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl-phthalate, mEOHP) in amniotic fluid and urine from 100 pregnant women. Participants answered questionnaires for the use of plastics and cosmetics, dietary habits, health effects, pregnancy problems, health and infant development. Positive amniotic fluid samples ranged from 1% to 21% and urine from 27% to 54%. The median levels for amniotic fluid were 2.3 μg/L - 10.7 μg/L and for urine 4.9 μg/L - 46.7 μg/L. The major results include significant correlations between urinary phthalates indicating their common sources of exposure, the frequent use of deodorant was significantly associated with higher urinary miBP (p = 0.050) and mnBP (p = 0.028) and a weak inverse association was found for the use of make-up products with mBzP (p = 0.053). The frequent use of plastic food containers was significantly associated with urinary mEHP (p = 0.026), and a positive trend was noticed for mEHP in amniotic fluid (p = 0.093). An association although weak was found between urinary mEHP and lower birth length (rs = 0.396, p = 0.062). No other associations were found for infant health problems or development. The daily intake of the total phthalates was calculated 5.4 μg/kg body weight/day which corresponds to hazard index 0.10 and exposure follows the declining trend that has been observed the last decades.
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Key Words
- 2cx-mMHP, mono 2-carboxymethyl-hexyl phthalate
- Amniotic fluid
- BBzP, benzyl butyl phthalate
- DEHP, di 2-ethylhexyl phthalate
- Daily intake
- DiBP, di iso-butyl phthalate
- DiNP, di isononyl phthalate
- DnBP, di n-butyl phthalate
- EDCs, endocrine disrupting chemicals
- EDI, estimated daily intake HQ, hazard quotient
- HI, hazard index
- LC-APCI-MS, liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry
- Phthalate metabolites
- Risk assessment
- Urine
- mBzP, mono benzyl phthalate
- mECPP or 5cx-mEPP, mono 2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate
- mEHHP or 5OH-mEHP, mono 2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate
- mEHP, mono ethylhexyl phthalate
- mEOHP or 5oxo-mEHP, mono 2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl-phthalate
- mEP, mono ethyl phthalate
- miBP, mono iso-butyl phthalate
- mmP, mono methyl phthalate
- mnBP, mono n-butyl phthalate
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Katsikantami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N. Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanasios K. Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Hatzidaki
- Department of Neonatology & NICU, University Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athina Stavroulaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | - Apostolos K. Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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148
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Sellinger EP, Kougias DG, Drzewiecki CM, Juraska JM. Behavioral effects in adult rats exposed to low doses of a phthalate mixture during the perinatal or adolescent period. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 79:106886. [PMID: 32315766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hormones influence neurodevelopment which can result in vulnerability to endocrine disruptors such as phthalates during both the perinatal period and adolescence. Using a rat model, we have previously shown that perinatal exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture at low doses results in cognitive flexibility deficits in adults and a reduction in neuron and synapse number within the medial prefrontal cortex. Here, we further examined the behavioral effects of exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of phthalates at low doses during either perinatal development or adolescence. Using the elevated plus maze, adult females, not males, exposed to phthalates during adolescence showed indications of reduced anxiety-like behavior while perinatal exposed animals were unaffected. There was no effect of adolescent phthalate exposure on cognitive flexibility using the attentional set shift paradigm in either sex, unlike the impairments we have previously reported following perinatal exposure (Kougias et al., 2018b). Finally, there was no effect of phthalate exposure during either time frame on sensorimotor gating measured using prepulse inhibition. Environmentally relevant phthalate exposure during the perinatal period or during adolescence did not induce widespread changes in the adult behaviors measured here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli P Sellinger
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America
| | - Daniel G Kougias
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America
| | - Carly M Drzewiecki
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America
| | - Janice M Juraska
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL 61820, United States of America.
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149
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Katsikantami I, Tzatzarakis MN, Karzi V, Stavroulaki A, Xezonaki P, Vakonaki E, Alegakis AK, Sifakis S, Rizos AK, Tsatsakis AM. Biomonitoring of bisphenols A and S and phthalate metabolites in hair from pregnant women in Crete. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:135651. [PMID: 31810691 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates, bisphenols A and S (BPA, BPS) are used as plasticizers and many of them are documented or suspected of being endocrine disruptors. Several studies indicate that exposure during pregnancy may affect the newborn's health and development. The aim of this cross-sectional study is the biomonitoring of seven phthalate metabolites, BPA and BPS in hair from 100 pregnant women in Crete. The most frequently detected compounds were monoethylhexyl phthalate (mEHP) (68%), mono isobutyl phthalate (miBP) (40%), BPA (37%), BPS (34%) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (mnBP) (28%). Phthalate metabolites were detected at medians from 19.5 to 44.4 pg/mg, BPA at 69.9 pg/mg and BPS at 3.5 pg/mg. Significant positive correlations between phthalate metabolites were found which indicated their common sources of exposure. The frequent use of plastics for food storage was strongly associated with mEHP (p = .013) and a weaker association was found for miBP (p = .063). The frequent use of cosmetics during or before pregnancy was associated with levels of phthalate metabolites in hair. More specifically, the use of hair spray before pregnancy was significantly correlated with monobenzyl phthalate (mBzP) (p = .041) and a trend was found for miBP (p = .066). The use of makeup products during pregnancy was strongly associated with miBP (p = .015) and the use of deodorant during pregnancy was inversely associated with mEHP (p = .021). Strong associations came up between mEHP and lower birth weight (Spearman correlation coefficient, r = -0.302, p = .021) and exposure to BPS was associated with increased body mass index of the participants (p = .036). Although data in literature on biomonitoring of the compounds in hair are limited, the findings of this study are promising and in agreement with existing data in hair or urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Katsikantami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Manolis N Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athina Stavroulaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanasios K Alegakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Apostolos K Rizos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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150
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Elter E, Wagner M, Buchenauer L, Bauer M, Polte T. Phthalate Exposure During the Prenatal and Lactational Period Increases the Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:550. [PMID: 32308655 PMCID: PMC7145968 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prenatal and early postnatal period is highly sensitive to environmental exposures that may interfere with the developmental programming of the immune system leading to an altered disease risk in later life. To clarify the role of early influences in activation or exacerbation of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) we investigated the effect of maternal exposure during the prenatal and lactational period of DBA/1 mice to the plasticizer benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) on the development of RA in the offspring. Using a mild collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model, maternal BBP-exposure increased both the prevalence and the severity of RA in the progeny compared to un-exposed dams. Additionally, maternal BBP exposure led to elevated serum IgG1 and IgG2a level in the offspring and increased the IFN-γ and IL-17 release from collagen-re-stimulated spleen cells. Transcriptome analysis of splenocytes isolated from 3-week-old pups before RA-induction revealed considerable changes in gene expression in the offspring from BBP-exposed dams. Among them were regulator of G-protein signaling 1 (rgs1), interleukin-7 receptor (il-7r) and CXC chemokine 4 (cxcr4), all genes that have previously been described as associated with RA pathology. In summary, our results demonstrate that perinatal exposure to BBP increases the susceptibility of the offspring to RA, probably via a phthalate-induced disturbed regulation of RA-relevant genes or signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Elter
- Department of Environmental Immunology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marita Wagner
- Department of Environmental Immunology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Buchenauer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Bauer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Polte
- Department of Environmental Immunology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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