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Altered ratio of dendritic cell subsets in skin-draining lymph nodes promotes Th2-driven contact hypersensitivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021364118. [PMID: 33431694 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021364118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) specialize in the production of type I IFN (IFN-I). pDCs can be depleted in vivo by injecting diphtheria toxin (DT) in a mouse in which pDCs express a diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) transgene driven by the human CLEC4C promoter. This promoter is enriched for binding sites for TCF4, a transcription factor that promotes pDC differentiation and expression of pDC markers, including CLEC4C. Here, we found that injection of DT in CLEC4C-DTR+ mice markedly augmented Th2-dependent skin inflammation in a model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) induced by the hapten fluorescein isothiocyanate. Unexpectedly, this biased Th2 response was independent of reduced IFN-I accompanying pDC depletion. In fact, DT treatment altered the representation of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) in the skin-draining lymph nodes during the sensitization phase of CHS; there were fewer Th1-priming CD326+ CD103+ cDC1 and more Th2-priming CD11b+ cDC2. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of CLEC4C-DTR+ cDCs revealed that CD326+ DCs, like pDCs, expressed DTR and were depleted together with pDCs by DT treatment. Since CD326+ DCs did not express Tcf4, DTR expression might be driven by yet-undefined transcription factors activating the CLEC4C promoter. These results demonstrate that altered DC representation in the skin-draining lymph nodes during sensitization to allergens can cause Th2-driven CHS.
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102
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Marschall P, Wei R, Segaud J, Yao W, Hener P, German BF, Meyer P, Hugel C, Ada Da Silva G, Braun R, Kaplan DH, Li M. Dual function of Langerhans cells in skin TSLP-promoted T FH differentiation in mouse atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1778-1794. [PMID: 33068561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is among the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases, usually occurring early in life, and often preceding other atopic diseases such as asthma. TH2 has been believed to play a crucial role in cellular and humoral response in AD, but accumulating evidence has shown that follicular helper T cell (TFH), a critical player in humoral immunity, is associated with disease severity and plays an important role in AD pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at investigating how TFHs are generated during the pathogenesis of AD, particularly what is the role of keratinocyte-derived cytokine TSLP and Langerhans cells (LCs). METHODS Two experimental AD mouse models were employed: (1) triggered by the overproduction of TSLP through topical application of MC903, and (2) induced by epicutaneous allergen ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization. RESULTS This study demonstrated that the development of TFHs and germinal center (GC) response were crucially dependent on TSLP in both the MC903 model and the OVA sensitization model. Moreover, we found that LCs promoted TFH differentiation and GC response in the MC903 model, and the depletion of Langerin+ dendritic cells (DCs) or selective depletion of LCs diminished the TFH/GC response. By contrast, in the model with OVA sensitization, LCs inhibited TFH/GC response and suppressed TH2 skin inflammation and the subsequent asthma. Transcriptomic analysis of Langerin+ and Langerin- migratory DCs revealed that Langerin+ DCs became activated in the MC903 model, whereas these cells remained inactivated in OVA sensitization model. CONCLUSIONS Together, these studies revealed a dual functionality of LCs in TSLP-promoted TFH and TH2 differentiation in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Marschall
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite Mixte de Recherche 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Ruicheng Wei
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite Mixte de Recherche 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Justine Segaud
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite Mixte de Recherche 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Wenjin Yao
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite Mixte de Recherche 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre Hener
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite Mixte de Recherche 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Beatriz Falcon German
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite Mixte de Recherche 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Pierre Meyer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite Mixte de Recherche 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Cecile Hugel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite Mixte de Recherche 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Grace Ada Da Silva
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite Mixte de Recherche 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Mei Li
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite Mixte de Recherche 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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103
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Xu C, Fu Y, Liu S, Trittipo J, Lu X, Qi R, Du H, Yan C, Zhang C, Wan J, Kaplan MH, Yang K. BATF Regulates T Regulatory Cell Functional Specification and Fitness of Triglyceride Metabolism in Restraining Allergic Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2088-2100. [PMID: 33879580 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Preserving appropriate function and metabolism in regulatory T (Treg) cells is crucial for controlling immune tolerance and inflammatory responses. Yet how Treg cells coordinate cellular metabolic programs to support their functional specification remains elusive. In this study, we report that BATF couples the TH2-suppressive function and triglyceride (TG) metabolism in Treg cells for controlling allergic airway inflammation and IgE responses. Mice with Treg-specific ablation of BATF developed an inflammatory disorder characterized by TH2-type dominant responses and were predisposed to house dust mite-induced airway inflammation. Loss of BATF enabled Treg cells to acquire TH2 cell-like characteristics. Moreover, BATF-deficient Treg cells displayed elevated levels of cellular TGs, and repressing or elevating TGs, respectively, restored or exacerbated their defects. Mechanistically, TCR/CD28 costimulation enhanced expression and function of BATF, which sustained IRF4 activity to preserve Treg cell functionality. Thus, our studies reveal that BATF links Treg cell functional specification and fitness of cellular TGs to control allergic responses, and suggest that therapeutic targeting of TG metabolism could be used for the treatment of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxian Xu
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yongyao Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sheng Liu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jack Trittipo
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Rong Qi
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN; and
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Chi Zhang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jun Wan
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kai Yang
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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104
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Hatscher L, Amon L, Heger L, Dudziak D. Inflammasomes in dendritic cells: Friend or foe? Immunol Lett 2021; 234:16-32. [PMID: 33848562 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that crucially contribute to host defense against pathogens but are also involved in the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases. Inflammasome formation leads to activation of effector caspases (caspase-1, 4, 5, or 11), the proteolytic maturation of IL-1β and IL-18 as well as cleavage of the pore-forming protein Gasdermin D. Dendritic cells are major regulators of immune responses as they bridge innate and adaptive immunity. We here summarize the current knowledge on inflammasome expression and formation in murine bone marrow-, human monocyte-derived as well as murine and human primary dendritic cells. Further, we discuss both, the beneficial and detrimental, involvement of inflammasome activation in dendritic cells in cancer, infections, and autoimmune diseases. As inflammasome activation is typically accompanied by Gasdermin d-mediated pyroptosis, which is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, inflammasome formation in dendritic cells seems ill-advised. Therefore, we propose that hyperactivation, which is inflammasome activation without the induction of pyroptosis, may be a general model of inflammasome activation in dendritic cells to enhance Th1, Th17 as well as cytotoxic T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hatscher
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Amon
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heger
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052, Erlangen, Germany; Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Germany.
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105
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Norlander AE, Bloodworth MH, Toki S, Zhang J, Zhou W, Boyd K, Polosukhin VV, Cephus JY, Ceneviva ZJ, Gandhi VD, Chowdhury NU, Charbonnier LM, Rogers LM, Wang J, Aronoff DM, Bastarache L, Newcomb DC, Chatila TA, Peebles RS. Prostaglandin I2 signaling licenses Treg suppressive function and prevents pathogenic reprogramming. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140690. [PMID: 33529171 DOI: 10.1172/jci140690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tregs restrain both the innate and adaptive immune systems to maintain homeostasis. Allergic airway inflammation, characterized by a Th2 response that results from a breakdown of tolerance to innocuous environmental antigens, is negatively regulated by Tregs. We previously reported that prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) promoted immune tolerance in models of allergic inflammation; however, the effect of PGI2 on Treg function was not investigated. Tregs from mice deficient in the PGI2 receptor IP (IP KO) had impaired suppressive capabilities during allergic airway inflammatory responses compared with mice in which PGI2 signaling was intact. IP KO Tregs had significantly enhanced expression of immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 (ILT3) compared with WT Tregs, which may contribute to the impairment of the IP KO Treg's ability to suppress Th2 responses. Using fate-mapping mice, we reported that PGI2 signaling prevents Treg reprogramming toward a pathogenic phenotype. PGI2 analogs promoted the differentiation of naive T cells to Tregs in both mice and humans via repression of β-catenin signaling. Finally, a missense variant in IP in humans was strongly associated with chronic obstructive asthma. Together, these data support that PGI2 signaling licenses Treg suppressive function and that PGI2 is a therapeutic target for enhancing Treg function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shinji Toki
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Jian Zhang
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Weisong Zhou
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Kelli Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vivek D Gandhi
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Nowrin U Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Louis-Marie Charbonnier
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa M Rogers
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine
| | - Janey Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, and
| | - David M Aronoff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine and.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine and.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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106
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Decipher the Glioblastoma Microenvironment: The First Milestone for New Groundbreaking Therapeutic Strategies. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030445. [PMID: 33804731 PMCID: PMC8003887 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumour in adults. Despite the combination of novel therapeutical approaches, it remains a deadly malignancy with an abysmal prognosis. GBM is a polymorphic tumour from both molecular and histological points of view. It consists of different malignant cells and various stromal cells, contributing to tumour initiation, progression, and treatment response. GBM’s microenvironment is multifaceted and is made up of soluble factors, extracellular matrix components, tissue-resident cell types (e.g., neurons, astrocytes, endothelial cells, pericytes, and fibroblasts) together with resident (e.g., microglia) or recruited (e.g., bone marrow-derived macrophages) immune cells. These latter constitute the so-called immune microenvironment, accounting for a substantial GBM’s tumour volume. Despite the abundance of immune cells, an intense state of tumour immunosuppression is promoted and developed; this represents the significant challenge for cancer cells’ immune-mediated destruction. Though literature data suggest that distinct GBM’s subtypes harbour differences in their microenvironment, its role in treatment response remains obscure. However, an in-depth investigation of GBM’s microenvironment may lead to novel therapeutic opportunities to improve patients’ outcomes. This review will elucidate the GBM’s microenvironment composition, highlighting the current state of the art in immunotherapy approaches. We will focus on novel strategies of active and passive immunotherapies, including vaccination, gene therapy, checkpoint blockade, and adoptive T-cell therapies.
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107
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Abstract
For over 35 years since Mosmann and Coffman proposed the seminal “type 1 T helper (Th1)/type 2 T helper (Th2)” hypothesis in 1986, the immunological community has appreciated that naïve CD4 T cells need to make important decisions upon their activation, namely to differentiate towards a Th1, Th2, Th17 (interleukin-17-producing T helper), follicular T helper (Tfh), or regulatory T cell (Treg) fate to orchestrate a variety of adaptive immune responses. The major molecular underpinnings of the Th1/Th2 effector fate choice had been initially characterized using excellent reductionist in vitro culture systems, through which the transcription factors T-bet and GATA3 were identified as the master regulators for the differentiation of Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively. However, Th1/Th2 cell differentiation and their cellular heterogeneity are usually determined by a combinatorial expression of multiple transcription factors, particularly in vivo, where dendritic cell (DC) and innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets can also influence T helper lineage choices. In addition, inflammatory cytokines that are capable of inducing Th17 cell differentiation are also found to be induced during typical Th1- or Th2-related immune responses, resulting in an alternative differentiation pathway, transiting from a Th17 cell phenotype towards Th1 or Th2 cells. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances in the field, focusing on some new players in the transcriptional network, contributions of DCs and ILCs, and alternative differentiation pathways towards understanding the Th1/Th2 effector choice in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Butcher
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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108
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Abstract
As the professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune system, dendritic cells (DCs) sense the microenvironment and shape the ensuing adaptive immune response. DCs can induce both immune activation and immune tolerance according to the peripheral cues. Recent work has established that DCs comprise several phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous subsets that differentially regulate T lymphocyte differentiation. This review summarizes both mouse and human DC subset phenotypes, development, diversification, and function. We focus on advances in our understanding of how different DC subsets regulate distinct CD4+ T helper (Th) cell differentiation outcomes, including Th1, Th2, Th17, T follicular helper, and T regulatory cells. We review DC subset intrinsic properties, local tissue microenvironments, and other immune cells that together determine Th cell differentiation during homeostasis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Shuting Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA;
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109
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Liang Y, Hannan R, Fu YX. Type I IFN Activating Type I Dendritic Cells for Antitumor Immunity. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3818-3824. [PMID: 33692027 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are successful immunotherapy modalities that enhance CD8+ T-cell responses. Although T cells are initially primed in draining lymph nodes, the mechanisms that underlie their reactivation inside the tumor microenvironment are less clear. Recent studies have found that not only is the cross-priming of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) required to initiate CD8+ T-cell responses during tumor progression, but it also plays a central role in immunotherapy-mediated reactivation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells for tumor regression. Moreover, many cancer treatment modalities trigger type I IFN responses, which play critical roles in boosting cDC1 cross-priming and CD8+ T-cell reactivation. Inducing type I IFNs within tumors can overcome innate immune resistance and activate antitumor adaptive immunity. Here, we review recent studies on how type I IFN-cDC1 cross-priming reactivates CD8+ T cells and contributes to tumor control by cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liang
- The Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Raquibul Hannan
- The Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- The Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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110
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Polak ME, Singh H. Tolerogenic and immunogenic states of Langerhans cells are orchestrated by epidermal signals acting on a core maturation gene module. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000182. [PMID: 33645739 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs), residing in the epidermis, are able to induce potent immunogenic responses and also to mediate immune tolerance. We propose that tolerogenic and immunogenic responses of LCs are directed by signaling from the epidermis and involve counter-acting gene circuits that are coupled to a core maturation gene module. We base our analysis on recent genetic and genomic findings facilitating the understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling these divergent immune functions. Comparing gene regulatory network (GRN) analyses of various types of dendritic cells (DCs) including LCs we integrate signaling-dependent (TGFβ, EpCAM, β-Catenin) and transcription factor (IRF4, IRF1, NFκB) regulated gene circuits that appear to orchestrate the distinctive LC functional states. Our model proposes, that while epidermal signaling in the steady-state promotes LC tolerogenic function, the disruption of cell-cell contacts coupled with inflammatory signaling induces LC immunogenic programing. The conceptual framework emphasizes the sensing of discrete epidermal and inflammatory cues by resident LCs in dictating their genomic programing and cell state dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta E Polak
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Harinder Singh
- Center for Systems Immunology, Departments of Immunology and Computational and Systems Biology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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111
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He K, Hettinga A, Kale SL, Hu S, Xie MM, Dent AL, Ray A, Poholek AC. Blimp-1 is essential for allergen-induced asthma and Th2 cell development in the lung. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151760. [PMID: 32399548 PMCID: PMC7336314 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A Th2 immune response is central to allergic airway inflammation, which afflicts millions worldwide. However, the mechanisms that augment GATA3 expression in an antigen-primed developing Th2 cell are not well understood. Here, we describe an unexpected role for Blimp-1, a transcriptional repressor that constrains autoimmunity, as an upstream promoter of GATA3 expression that is critical for Th2 cell development in the lung to inhaled but not systemically delivered allergens but is dispensable for TFH function and IgE production. Mechanistically, Blimp-1 acts through Bcl6, leading to increased GATA3 expression in lung Th2 cells. Surprisingly, the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, but not the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 or IL-21, is required via STAT3 activation to up-regulate Blimp-1 and promote Th2 cell development. These data reveal a hitherto unappreciated role for an IL-10–STAT3–Blimp-1 circuit as an initiator of an inflammatory Th2 response in the lung to allergens. Thus, Blimp-1 in a context-dependent fashion can drive inflammation by promoting rather than terminating effector T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun He
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Angela Hettinga
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sagar Laxman Kale
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sanmei Hu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Markus M Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Anuradha Ray
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Amanda C Poholek
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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112
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Malinczak CA, Parolia A, Fonseca W, Morris S, Rasky AJ, Bawa P, Zhang Y, Mire MM, Ziegler SF, Ptaschinski C, Chinnaiyan AM, Lukacs NW. TSLP-Driven Chromatin Remodeling and Trained Systemic Immunity after Neonatal Respiratory Viral Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1315-1328. [PMID: 33514510 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Our studies have previously shown a role for persistent TSLP production in the lungs of mice after early-life respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection that leads to an altered immune phenotype, including accumulation of "inflammatory" dendritic cells (DC). This study investigates the role of TSLP driving systemic trained immunity in DC in early-life RSV-infected mice. Bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDC) from early-life RSV-infected mice at 4 wk postinfection showed enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokines, including Tslp, that regulate immune cell function. The adoptive transfer of BMDC grown from early-life RSV-infected mice was sufficient to exacerbate allergic disease development. The addition of recombinant TSLP during differentiation of BMDC from naive mice induced a similar altered phenotype as BMDC grown from early-life RSV-infected mice, suggesting a role for TSLP in the phenotypic changes. To assess the role of TSLP in these changes, global transcriptomic characterization of TSLPR-/- BMDC infected with RSV was performed and showed a higher upregulation of type 1 IFN genes and concomitant downregulation of inflammatory genes. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing analysis demonstrated that TSLPR-/- BMDC had a parallel gain in physical chromatin accessibility near type 1 genes and loss in accessibility near genes related to RSV pathology, with IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and STAT3 predicted as top transcription factors binding within differentially accessible regions in wild-type. Importantly, these studies show that in the absence of TSLP signaling, BMDC are able to mount an appropriate type 1 IFN-associated antiviral response to RSV. In summary, RSV-induced TSLP alters chromatin structure in DC to drive trained innate immunity and activates pathogenic gene programs in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhijit Parolia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Wendy Fonseca
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Susan Morris
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Andrew J Rasky
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Pushpinder Bawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Mohamed M Mire
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Catherine Ptaschinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nicholas W Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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113
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Buchele V, Konein P, Vogler T, Kunert T, Enderle K, Khan H, Büttner-Herold M, Lehmann CHK, Amon L, Wirtz S, Dudziak D, Neurath MF, Neufert C, Hildner K. Th17 Cell-Mediated Colitis Is Positively Regulated by Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 in a T Cell- Extrinsic Manner. Front Immunol 2021; 11:590893. [PMID: 33584655 PMCID: PMC7879684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.590893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by chronic, inflammatory gastrointestinal lesions and often require life-long treatment with immunosuppressants and repetitive surgical interventions. Despite progress in respect to the characterization of molecular mechanisms e.g. exerted by TNF-alpha, currently clinically approved therapeutics fail to provide long-term disease control for most patients. The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) has been shown to play important developmental as well as functional roles within multiple immune cells. In the context of colitis, a T cell-intrinsic role of IRF4 in driving immune-mediated gut pathology is established. Here, we conversely addressed the impact of IRF4 inactivation in non-T cells on T cell driven colitis in vivo. Employing the CD4+CD25- naïve T cell transfer model, we found that T cells fail to elicit colitis in IRF4-deficient compared to IRF4-proficient Rag1-/- mice. Reduced colitis activity in the absence of IRF4 was accompanied by hampered T cell expansion both within the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and colonic lamina propria (cLP). Furthermore, the influx of various myeloids, presumably inflammation-promoting cells was abrogated overall leading to a less disrupted intestinal barrier. Mechanistically, gene profiling experiments revealed a Th17 response dominated molecular expression signature in colon tissues of IRF4-proficient, colitic Rag1-/- but not in colitis-protected Rag1-/-Irf4-/- mice. Colitis mitigation in Rag1-/-Irf4-/- T cell recipients resulted in reduced frequencies and absolute numbers of IL-17a-producing T cell subsets in MLN and cLP possibly due to a regulation of conventional dendritic cell subset 2 (cDC2) known to impact Th17 differentiation. Together, extending the T cell-intrinsic role for IRF4 in the context of Th17 cell driven colitis, the provided data demonstrate a Th17-inducing and thereby colitis-promoting role of IRF4 through a T cell-extrinsic mechanism highlighting IRF4 as a putative molecular master switch among transcriptional regulators driving immune-mediated intestinal inflammation through both T cell-intrinsic and T cell-extrinsic mechanisms. Future studies need to further dissect IRF4 controlled pathways within distinct IRF4-expressing myeloid cell types, especially cDC2s, to elucidate the precise mechanisms accounting for hampered Th17 formation and, according to our data, the predominant mechanism of colitis protection in Rag1-/-Irf4-/- T cell receiving mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Buchele
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Konein
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tina Vogler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Kunert
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karin Enderle
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanif Khan
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Nephropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian H. K. Lehmann
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Amon
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clemens Neufert
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Hildner
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Liu EG, Yin X, Swaminathan A, Eisenbarth SC. Antigen-Presenting Cells in Food Tolerance and Allergy. Front Immunol 2021; 11:616020. [PMID: 33488627 PMCID: PMC7821622 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.616020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy now affects 6%-8% of children in the Western world; despite this, we understand little about why certain people become sensitized to food allergens. The dominant form of food allergy is mediated by food-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, which can cause a variety of symptoms, including life-threatening anaphylaxis. A central step in this immune response to food antigens that differentiates tolerance from allergy is the initial priming of T cells by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), primarily different types of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs, along with monocyte and macrophage populations, dictate oral tolerance versus allergy by shaping the T cell and subsequent B cell antibody response. A growing body of literature has shed light on the conditions under which antigen presentation occurs and how different types of T cell responses are induced by different APCs. We will review APC subsets in the gut and discuss mechanisms of APC-induced oral tolerance versus allergy to food identified using mouse models and patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise G Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xiangyun Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Anush Swaminathan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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115
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Innate IL-17A Enhances IL-33-Independent Skin Eosinophilia and IgE Response on Subcutaneous Papain Sensitization. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:105-113.e14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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116
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Lai X, Dreyer FS, Cantone M, Eberhardt M, Gerer KF, Jaitly T, Uebe S, Lischer C, Ekici A, Wittmann J, Jäck HM, Schaft N, Dörrie J, Vera J. Network- and systems-based re-engineering of dendritic cells with non-coding RNAs for cancer immunotherapy. Theranostics 2021; 11:1412-1428. [PMID: 33391542 PMCID: PMC7738891 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that induce and regulate adaptive immunity by presenting antigens to T cells. Due to their coordinative role in adaptive immune responses, DCs have been used as cell-based therapeutic vaccination against cancer. The capacity of DCs to induce a therapeutic immune response can be enhanced by re-wiring of cellular signalling pathways with microRNAs (miRNAs). Methods: Since the activation and maturation of DCs is controlled by an interconnected signalling network, we deploy an approach that combines RNA sequencing data and systems biology methods to delineate miRNA-based strategies that enhance DC-elicited immune responses. Results: Through RNA sequencing of IKKβ-matured DCs that are currently being tested in a clinical trial on therapeutic anti-cancer vaccination, we identified 44 differentially expressed miRNAs. According to a network analysis, most of these miRNAs regulate targets that are linked to immune pathways, such as cytokine and interleukin signalling. We employed a network topology-oriented scoring model to rank the miRNAs, analysed their impact on immunogenic potency of DCs, and identified dozens of promising miRNA candidates, with miR-15a and miR-16 as the top ones. The results of our analysis are presented in a database that constitutes a tool to identify DC-relevant miRNA-gene interactions with therapeutic potential (https://www.synmirapy.net/dc-optimization). Conclusions: Our approach enables the systematic analysis and identification of functional miRNA-gene interactions that can be experimentally tested for improving DC immunogenic potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lai
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian S. Dreyer
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martina Cantone
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Eberhardt
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin F. Gerer
- RNA Group, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanushree Jaitly
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Department of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher Lischer
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif Ekici
- Department of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wittmann
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- RNA Group, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- RNA Group, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Park SJ, Lee K, Kang MA, Kim TH, Jang HJ, Ryu HW, Oh SR, Lee HJ. Tilianin attenuates HDM-induced allergic asthma by suppressing Th2-immune responses via downregulation of IRF4 in dendritic cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 80:153392. [PMID: 33113503 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acacetin 7-O-β-D-glucoside (tilianin) is a major constituent of Agastache rugosa, a traditional medicine that has long been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Tilianin has a wide variety of pharmacological properties such as cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-atherogenic activities. We recently discovered that tilianin has the ability to suppress MUC5AC expression in vitro. In addition, we have established an in vivo model of allergic asthma using house dust mite (HDM) that can be applied to tilianin. PURPOSE We investigated the effects of tilianin on airway inflammation in a HDM-induced asthma mouse model and associated mechanisms. METHODS Tilianin was treated in splenocytes cultured in Th0 condition and HDM-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), and their mRNA expression and cytokines production were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. To evaluate the effects of tilianin in an allergic asthma model, mice were sensitized and challenged with HDM. Tilianin was administered prior to challenge by oral gavage and airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) to methacholine, inflammatory cell infiltration, cytokine levels, and airway remodeling were assessed. RESULTS Tilianin inhibited the production of Th2-related cytokines in splenocytes, which play pivotal roles in allergic airway inflammation. When treated in HDM-stimulated BMDCs, tilianin decreased Th2-skewing cytokine IL-33 and transcription factor IRF4. On the contrary, tilianin increased Th1-skewing regulators, IL-12 and IRF1. In an HDM-induced asthmatic mouse model, tilianin attenuated AHR and airway inflammation. Tilianin suppressed the expression of Th2-related cytokines, IL-13 and IL-33 in lung tissues. As seen in HDM-stimulated BMDCs, tilianin also downregulated the expression of the transcription factor IRF4 but not IRF1. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that tilianin attenuates HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation by inhibiting Th2-mediated inflammation through the selective inhibition of the IRF4-IL-33 axis in dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, South Korea
| | - Kiram Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, South Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 341113, South Korea
| | - Min-Ah Kang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyoun Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Jang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, South Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, South Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, South Korea.
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118
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Han J, Sun J, Zhang G, Chen H. DCs-based therapies: potential strategies in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:406-418. [PMID: 33390810 PMCID: PMC7757148 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading globally. There have been strenuous efforts to reveal the mechanisms that the host defends itself against invasion by this virus. The immune system could play a crucial role in virus infection. Dendritic cell as sentinel of the immune system plays an irreplaceable role. Dendritic cells-based therapeutic approach may be a potential strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, the characteristics of coronavirus are described briefly. We focus on the essential functions of dendritic cell in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Basis of treatment based dendritic cells to combat coronavirus infections is summarized. Finally, we propose that the combination of DCs based vaccine and other therapy is worth further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- General Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences USF Health, Taneja College of Pharmacy University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jiazhi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences USF Health, Taneja College of Pharmacy University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Guixin Zhang
- General Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- General Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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119
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Bajana S, Thomas K, Georgescu C, Zhao Y, Wren JD, Kovats S, Sun XH. Augmenting E Protein Activity Impairs cDC2 Differentiation at the Pre-cDC Stage. Front Immunol 2020; 11:577718. [PMID: 33391258 PMCID: PMC7775562 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.577718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) specification and differentiation are controlled by a circuit of transcription factors, which regulate the expression of DC effector genes as well as the transcription factors themselves. E proteins are a widely expressed basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors whose activity is suppressed by their inhibitors, ID proteins. Loss-of-function studies have demonstrated the essential role of both E and ID proteins in different aspects of DC development. In this study, we employed a gain-of-function approach to illustrate the importance of the temporal control of E protein function in maintaining balanced differentiation of conventional DC (cDC) subsets, cDC1 and cDC2. We expressed an E protein mutant, ET2, which dimerizes with endogenous E proteins to overcome inhibition by ID proteins and activate the transcription of E protein targets. Induction of ET2 expression at the hematopoietic progenitor stage led to a dramatic reduction in cDC2 precursors (pre-cDC2s) with little impact on pre-cDC1s. Consequently, we observed decreased numbers of cDC2s in the spleen and lung, as well as in FLT3L-driven bone marrow-derived DC cultures. Furthermore, in mice bearing ET2, we detected increased expression of the IRF8 transcription factor in cDC2s, in which IRF8 is normally down-regulated and IRF4 up-regulated. This aberrant expression of IRF8 induced by ET2 may contribute to the impairment of cDC2 differentiation. In addition, analyses of the transcriptomes of splenic cDC1s and cDC2s revealed that ET2 expression led to a shift, at least in part, of the transcriptional profile characteristic of cDC2s to that of cDC1. Together, these results suggest that a precise control of E protein activity is crucial for balanced DC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bajana
- Program in Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kevin Thomas
- Program in Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Constantin Georgescu
- Program in Genes and Human Diseases, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ying Zhao
- Program in Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Wren
- Program in Genes and Human Diseases, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Susan Kovats
- Program in Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Program in Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Kuhn NF, Lopez AV, Li X, Cai W, Daniyan AF, Brentjens RJ. CD103 + cDC1 and endogenous CD8 + T cells are necessary for improved CD40L-overexpressing CAR T cell antitumor function. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6171. [PMID: 33268774 PMCID: PMC7710757 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While effective in specific settings, adoptive chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for cancer requires further improvement and optimization. Our previous results show that CD40L-overexpressing CAR T cells mobilize endogenous immune effectors, resulting in improved antitumor immunity. However, the cell populations required for this protective effect remain to be identified. Here we show, by analyzing Batf3-/- mice lacking the CD103+ conventional dendritic cell type 1 (cDC1) subpopulation important for antigen cross-presentation, that CD40L-overexpressing CAR T cells elicit an impaired antitumor response in the absence of cDC1s. We further find that CD40L-overexpressing CAR T cells stimulate tumor-resident CD11b-CD103- double-negative (DN) cDCs to proliferate and differentiate into cDC1s in wild-type mice. Finally, re-challenge experiments show that endogenous CD8+ T cells are required for protective antitumor memory in this setting. Our findings thus demonstrate the stimulatory effect of CD40L-overexpressing CAR T cells on innate and adaptive immune cells, and provide a rationale for using CD40L-overexpressing CAR T cells to improve immunotherapy responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/deficiency
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/immunology
- CD11b Antigen/deficiency
- CD11b Antigen/genetics
- CD11b Antigen/immunology
- CD40 Ligand/genetics
- CD40 Ligand/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunophenotyping
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Integrin alpha Chains/deficiency
- Integrin alpha Chains/genetics
- Integrin alpha Chains/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Repressor Proteins/deficiency
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas F Kuhn
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrea V Lopez
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinghuo Li
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Winson Cai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony F Daniyan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renier J Brentjens
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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121
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Dermal IRF4+ dendritic cells and monocytes license CD4+ T helper cells to distinct cytokine profiles. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5637. [PMID: 33159073 PMCID: PMC7647995 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen (Ag)-presenting cells (APC) instruct CD4+ helper T (Th) cell responses, but it is unclear whether different APC subsets contribute uniquely in determining Th differentiation in pathogen-specific settings. Here, we use skin-relevant, fluorescently-labeled bacterial, helminth or fungal pathogens to track and characterize the APC populations that drive Th responses in vivo. All pathogens are taken up by a population of IRF4+ dermal migratory dendritic cells (migDC2) that similarly upregulate surface co-stimulatory molecules but express pathogen-specific cytokine and chemokine transcripts. Depletion of migDC2 reduces the amount of Ag in lymph node and the development of IFNγ, IL-4 and IL-17A responses without gain of other cytokine responses. Ag+ monocytes are an essential source of IL-12 for both innate and adaptive IFNγ production, and inhibit follicular Th cell development. Our results thus suggest that Th cell differentiation does not require specialized APC subsets, but is driven by inducible and pathogen-specific transcriptional programs in Ag+ migDC2 and monocytes.
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122
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Lee KMC, Achuthan AA, Hamilton JA. GM-CSF: A Promising Target in Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:225-240. [PMID: 33150139 PMCID: PMC7605919 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s262566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), was firstly identified as being able to induce in vitro the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow progenitors into granulocytes and macrophages. Much preclinical data have indicated that GM-CSF has a wide range of functions across different tissues in its action on myeloid cells, and GM-CSF deletion/depletion approaches indicate its potential as an important therapeutic target in several inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, for example, rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, we discuss briefly the biology of GM-CSF, raise some current issues and questions pertaining to this biology, summarize the results from preclinical models of a range of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and list the latest clinical trials evaluating GM-CSF blockade in such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Adrian A Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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123
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Substance P Release by Sensory Neurons Triggers Dendritic Cell Migration and Initiates the Type-2 Immune Response to Allergens. Immunity 2020; 53:1063-1077.e7. [PMID: 33098765 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) of the cDC2 lineage initiate allergic immunity and in the dermis are marked by their expression of CD301b. CD301b+ dermal DCs respond to allergens encountered in vivo, but not in vitro. This suggests that another cell in the dermis may sense allergens and relay that information to activate and induce the migration of CD301b+ DCs to the draining lymph node (dLN). Using a model of cutaneous allergen exposure, we show that allergens directly activated TRPV1+ sensory neurons leading to itch and pain behaviors. Allergen-activated sensory neurons released the neuropeptide Substance P, which stimulated proximally located CD301b+ DCs through the Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member A1 (MRGPRA1). Substance P induced CD301b+ DC migration to the dLN where they initiated T helper-2 cell differentiation. Thus, sensory neurons act as primary sensors of allergens, linking exposure to activation of allergic-skewing DCs and the initiation of an allergic immune response.
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124
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Mayer JU, Brown SL, MacDonald AS, Milling SW. Defined Intestinal Regions Are Drained by Specific Lymph Nodes That Mount Distinct Th1 and Th2 Responses Against Schistosoma mansoni Eggs. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592325. [PMID: 33193437 PMCID: PMC7644866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance of type 1 and type 2 immune responses plays a crucial role in anti-helminth immunity and can either support chronic infection or drive type 2 mediated expulsion of the parasite. Helminth antigens and secreted molecules directly influence this balance and induce a favorable immunological environment for the parasite’s survival. However, less is known if the site of infection also influences the balance of type 1 and type 2 immunity. Here, we report that tissue-specific immune responses are mounted against helminth antigens, which elicited strong IL-4 responses when injected into the skin, while the same antigen, delivered into the intestinal subserosa, induced increased IFN-γ and reduced Th2 responses. Immune responses in individual mesenteric lymph nodes that drain defined regions of the intestine furthermore displayed a site-specific pattern of type 1 and type 2 immunity after Schistosoma mansoni or Heligmosomoides polygyrus infection. S. mansoni egg-specific Th2 responses were detectable in all mesenteric lymph nodes but Th1 responses were only present in those draining the colon, while H. polygyrus infection elicited mixed Th1 and Th2 responses in the lymph nodes associated with the site of infection. Similar site-specific type 1 and type 2 immune responses were observed in the draining lymph nodes after the controlled delivery of S. mansoni eggs into different segments of the small and large intestine using microsurgical techniques. Different subsets of intestinal dendritic cells were hereby responsible for the uptake and priming of Th1 and Th2 responses against helminth antigens. Migratory CD11b+CD103− and especially CD11b+CD103+ DC2s transported S. mansoni egg antigens to the draining lymph nodes to induce Th1 and Th2 responses, while CD103+ DC1s induced only IFN-γ responses. In contrast, H. polygyrus antigens were predominantly transported by CD11b+CD103− DC2s and CD103+ DC1s and all DC subsets induced similar Th1 but weaker Th2 responses, compared to S. mansoni egg antigens. The development of adaptive anti-helminth immune responses is therefore influenced by the antigen itself, the uptake and priming characteristics of antigen-positive dendritic cell subsets and the site of infection, which shape the level of Th1 and Th2 responses in order to create a favorable immunological environment for the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes U Mayer
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sheila L Brown
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon W Milling
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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125
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Lamiable O, Mayer JU, Munoz-Erazo L, Ronchese F. Dendritic cells in Th2 immune responses and allergic sensitization. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:807-818. [PMID: 32738152 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Allergic responses are characterized by the activation of a specific subset of effector CD4+ T cells, the T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells, that respond to harmless environmental antigens causing inflammation and pathology. Th2 cells are also found in the context of parasite infections, where they can mediate parasite clearance and expulsion, and support tissue repair. The process that leads to the activation of Th2 cells in vivo is incompletely understood: while it has become clear that "conventional" dendritic cells are essential antigen-presenting cells for the initiation of Th2 immune responses, the molecules that are expressed by dendritic cells exposed to allergens, and the mediators that are produced as a consequence and signal to naïve CD4+ T cells to promote their development into effector Th2, remain to be defined. Here we summarize recent developments in the identification of the dendritic cell subsets involved in Th2 responses, review potential mechanisms proposed to explain the generation of these immune responses, and discuss the direct and indirect signals that condition dendritic cells to drive the development of Th2 responses during allergen or parasite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franca Ronchese
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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126
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Sun T, Nguyen A, Gommerman JL. Dendritic Cell Subsets in Intestinal Immunity and Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1075-1083. [PMID: 32071090 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian intestine is a complex environment that is constantly exposed to Ags derived from food, microbiota, and metabolites. Intestinal dendritic cells (DC) have the responsibility of establishing oral tolerance against these Ags while initiating immune responses against mucosal pathogens. We now know that DC are a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells composed of classical and monocyte-derived DC, Langerhans cells, and plasmacytoid DC. In the intestine, DC are found in organized lymphoid tissues, such as the mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, as well as in the lamina propria. In this Brief Review, we review recent work that describes a division of labor between and collaboration among gut DC subsets in the context of intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Understanding relationships between DC subtypes and their biological functions will rationalize oral vaccine design and will provide insights into treatments that quiet pathological intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Sun
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Albert Nguyen
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Gommerman
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A8, Canada
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127
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Elucidating the Role of Ezh2 in Tolerogenic Function of NOD Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells Expressing Constitutively Active Stat5b. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186453. [PMID: 32899608 PMCID: PMC7554732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (toDCs) are crucial to controlling the development of autoreactive T cell responses and the prevention of autoimmunity. We have reported that NOD.CD11cStat5b-CA transgenic mice expressing a constitutively active (CA) form of Stat5b under the control of a CD11c promoter are protected from diabetes and that Stat5b-CA-expressing DCs are tolerogenic and halt ongoing diabetes in NOD mice. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Stat5b-CA modulates DC tolerogenic function are not fully understood. Here, we used bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) from NOD.CD11cStat5b-CA transgenic mice (Stat5b-CA.BMDCs) and found that Stat5b-CA.BMDCs displayed high levels of MHC class II, CD80, CD86, PD-L1, and PD-L2 and produced elevated amounts of TGFβ but low amounts of TNFα and IL-23. Stat5b-CA.BMDCs upregulated Irf4 and downregulated Irf8 genes and protein expression and promoted CD11c+CD11b+ DC2 subset differentiation. Interestingly, we found that the histone methyltransferase Ezh2 and Stat5b-CA bound gamma-interferon activated site (GAS) sequences in the Irf8 enhancer IRF8 transcription, whereas Stat5b but not Ezh2 bound GAS sequences in the Irf4 promoter to enhance IRF4 transcription. Injection of Stat5b-CA.BMDCs into prediabetic NOD mice halted progression of islet inflammation and protected against diabetes. Importantly, inhibition of Ezh2 in tolerogenic Stat5b-CA.BMDCs reduced their ability to prevent diabetes development in NOD recipient mice. Taken together, our data suggest that the active form of Stat5b induces tolerogenic DC function by modulating IRF4 and IRF8 expression through recruitment of Ezh2 and highlight the fundamental role of Ezh2 in Stat5b-mediated induction of tolerogenic DC function.
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128
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Zhang X, Artola-Boran M, Fallegger A, Arnold IC, Weber A, Reuter S, Taube C, Müller A. IRF4 Expression Is Required for the Immunoregulatory Activity of Conventional Type 2 Dendritic Cells in Settings of Chronic Bacterial Infection and Cancer. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1933-1943. [PMID: 32848032 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract and other mucosal surfaces of humans and mice host a network of mononuclear phagocytes that differ in their ontogeny, surface marker and transcription factor expression, and functional specialization. Conventional dendritic cells (DCs) in particular exist as two major subpopulations in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs that can be distinguished based on their surface marker and transcription factor expression. In this study, we show in various Th1- and/or Th17-polarized settings of acute and chronic bacterial infection and of tumor growth that the conditional ablation of Irf4 in CD11c+ DCs results in more efficient immune control of Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin, and Citrobacter rodentium and of tumor growth in a syngeneic tumor model. We attribute the phenotype of IRF4ΔDC mice to unrestricted Th1 responses and in particular to IFN-γ- and TNF-α-expressing CD4+ T cells. This activity of IRF4-expressing DCs is linked to a DC-specific immunoregulatory transcriptional program. In contrast, in Th2-polarized settings such as house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation, the lack of IRF4 expression in the DC compartment alleviates inflammation and goblet cell metaplasia. The combined data provide evidence for immunoregulatory properties of this versatile DC population in Th1-polarized infection settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariela Artola-Boran
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Fallegger
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle C Arnold
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Weber
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; and
| | - Sebastian Reuter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, 45239 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, 45239 Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
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129
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Hong JY, Lim J, Carvalho F, Cho JY, Vaidyanathan B, Yu S, Annicelli C, Ip WKE, Medzhitov R. Long-Term Programming of CD8 T Cell Immunity by Perinatal Exposure to Glucocorticoids. Cell 2020; 180:847-861.e15. [PMID: 32142678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early life environmental exposure, particularly during perinatal period, can have a life-long impact on organismal development and physiology. The biological rationale for this phenomenon is to promote physiological adaptations to the anticipated environment based on early life experience. However, perinatal exposure to adverse environments can also be associated with adult-onset disorders. Multiple environmental stressors induce glucocorticoids, which prompted us to investigate their role in developmental programming. Here, we report that perinatal glucocorticoid exposure had long-term consequences and resulted in diminished CD8 T cell response in adulthood and impaired control of tumor growth and bacterial infection. We found that perinatal glucocorticoid exposure resulted in persistent alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Consequently, the level of the hormone in adults was significantly reduced, resulting in decreased CD8 T cell function. Our study thus demonstrates that perinatal stress can have long-term consequences on CD8 T cell immunity by altering HPA axis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Hong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jaechul Lim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Fernando Carvalho
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jen Young Cho
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Bharat Vaidyanathan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shuang Yu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Charles Annicelli
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - W K Eddie Ip
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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130
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Soto JA, Gálvez NMS, Andrade CA, Pacheco GA, Bohmwald K, Berrios RV, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. The Role of Dendritic Cells During Infections Caused by Highly Prevalent Viruses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1513. [PMID: 32765522 PMCID: PMC7378533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a type of innate immune cells with major relevance in the establishment of an adaptive response, as they are responsible for the activation of lymphocytes. Since their discovery, several reports of their role during infectious diseases have been performed, highlighting their functions and their mechanisms of action. DCs can be categorized into different subsets, and each of these subsets expresses a wide arrange of receptors and molecules that aid them in the clearance of invading pathogens. Interferon (IFN) is a cytokine -a molecule of protein origin- strongly associated with antiviral immune responses. This cytokine is secreted by different cell types and is fundamental in the modulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses against viral infections. Particularly, DCs are one of the most important immune cells that produce IFN, with type I IFNs (α and β) highlighting as the most important, as they are associated with viral clearance. Type I IFN secretion can be induced via different pathways, activated by various components of the virus, such as surface proteins or genetic material. These molecules can trigger the activation of the IFN pathway trough surface receptors, including IFNAR, TLR4, or some intracellular receptors, such as TLR7, TLR9, and TLR3. Here, we discuss various types of dendritic cells found in humans and mice; their contribution to the activation of the antiviral response triggered by the secretion of IFN, through different routes of the induction for this important antiviral cytokine; and as to how DCs are involved in human infections that are considered highly frequent nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Soto
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas M S Gálvez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina A Andrade
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gaspar A Pacheco
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roslye V Berrios
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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131
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Harnessing the Complete Repertoire of Conventional Dendritic Cell Functions for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070663. [PMID: 32674488 PMCID: PMC7408110 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of checkpoint inhibition revolutionized the treatment of cancer. However, studies from the last decade suggested that the sole enhancement of T cell functionality might not suffice to fight malignancies in all individuals. Dendritic cells (DCs) are not only part of the innate immune system, but also generals of adaptive immunity and they orchestrate the de novo induction of tolerogenic and immunogenic T cell responses. Thus, combinatorial approaches addressing DCs and T cells in parallel represent an attractive strategy to achieve higher response rates across patients. However, this requires profound knowledge about the dynamic interplay of DCs, T cells, other immune and tumor cells. Here, we summarize the DC subsets present in mice and men and highlight conserved and divergent characteristics between different subsets and species. Thereby, we supply a resource of the molecular players involved in key functional features of DCs ranging from their sentinel function, the translation of the sensed environment at the DC:T cell interface to the resulting specialized T cell effector modules, as well as the influence of the tumor microenvironment on the DC function. As of today, mostly monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) are used in autologous cell therapies after tumor antigen loading. While showing encouraging results in a fraction of patients, the overall clinical response rate is still not optimal. By disentangling the general aspects of DC biology, we provide rationales for the design of next generation DC vaccines enabling to exploit and manipulate the described pathways for the purpose of cancer immunotherapy in vivo. Finally, we discuss how DC-based vaccines might synergize with checkpoint inhibition in the treatment of malignant diseases.
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132
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Hamilton JA. GM-CSF in inflammation. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20190945. [PMID: 31611249 PMCID: PMC7037240 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GM-CSF is a potential therapeutic target in inflammation and autoimmunity. This study reviews the literature on the biology of GM-CSF, in particular that describing the research leading to clinical trials targeting GM-CSF and its receptor in numerous inflammatory/autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has many more functions than its original in vitro identification as an inducer of granulocyte and macrophage development from progenitor cells. Key features of GM-CSF biology need to be defined better, such as the responding and producing cell types, its links with other mediators, its prosurvival versus activation/differentiation functions, and when it is relevant in pathology. Significant preclinical data have emerged from GM-CSF deletion/depletion approaches indicating that GM-CSF is a potential target in many inflammatory/autoimmune conditions. Clinical trials targeting GM-CSF or its receptor have shown encouraging efficacy and safety profiles, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis. This review provides an update on the above topics and current issues/questions surrounding GM-CSF biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Hamilton
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
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Bonaventura A, Vecchié A, Wang TS, Lee E, Cremer PC, Carey B, Rajendram P, Hudock KM, Korbee L, Van Tassell BW, Dagna L, Abbate A. Targeting GM-CSF in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Rationale and Strategies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1625. [PMID: 32719685 PMCID: PMC7348297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a clinical syndrome ranging from mild symptoms to severe pneumonia that often leads to respiratory failure, need for mechanical ventilation, and death. Most of the lung damage is driven by a surge in inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6, interferon-γ, and granulocyte-monocyte stimulating factor (GM-CSF)]. Blunting this hyperinflammation with immunomodulation may lead to clinical improvement. GM-CSF is produced by many cells, including macrophages and T-cells. GM-CSF-derived signals are involved in differentiation of macrophages, including alveolar macrophages (AMs). In animal models of respiratory infections, the intranasal administration of GM-CSF increased the proliferation of AMs and improved outcomes. Increased levels of GM-CSF have been recently described in patients with COVID-19 compared to healthy controls. While GM-CSF might be beneficial in some circumstances as an appropriate response, in this case the inflammatory response is maladaptive by virtue of being later and disproportionate. The inhibition of GM-CSF signaling may be beneficial in improving the hyperinflammation-related lung damage in the most severe cases of COVID-19. This blockade can be achieved through antagonism of the GM-CSF receptor or the direct binding of circulating GM-CSF. Initial findings from patients with COVID-19 treated with a single intravenous dose of mavrilimumab, a monoclonal antibody binding GM-CSF receptor α, showed oxygenation improvement and shorter hospitalization. Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are ongoing. Anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibodies, TJ003234 and gimsilumab, will be tested in clinical trials in patients with COVID-19, while lenzilumab received FDA approval for compassionate use. These trials will help inform whether blunting the inflammatory signaling provided by the GM-CSF axis in COVID-19 is beneficial.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/immunology
- Humans
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/pathology
- Pandemics
- Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/pathology
- Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Bonaventura
- Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Alessandra Vecchié
- Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Tisha S. Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elinor Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paul C. Cremer
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Brenna Carey
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | | | - Kristin M. Hudock
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Leslie Korbee
- Academic Regulatory & Monitoring Services, LLC, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin W. Van Tassell
- Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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134
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Inaba K, Yashiro T, Hiroki I, Watanabe R, Kasakura K, Nishiyama C. Dual Roles of PU.1 in the Expression of PD-L2: Direct Transactivation with IRF4 and Indirect Epigenetic Regulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:822-829. [PMID: 32611724 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PD-L2, which has been identified as a PD-1 ligand, is specifically expressed in dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. The transcription factors that determine the cell type-specific expression of PD-L2 are largely unknown, although PD-1 and its ligands, which have been shown to play important roles in T cell suppression, have been vigorously analyzed in the field of cancer immunology. To reveal the mechanism by which Pdcd1lg2 gene expression is regulated, we focused on DCs, which play key roles in innate and acquired immunity. The knockdown of the hematopoietic cell-specific transcription factors PU.1 and IRF4 decreased PD-L2 expression in GM-CSF-induced mouse bone marrow-derived DCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, luciferase assays, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that PU.1 and IRF4 bound directly to the Pdcd1lg2 gene via an Ets-IRF composite element sequence and coordinately transactivated the Pdcd1lg2 gene. Furthermore, PU.1 knockdown reduced the histone acetylation of the Pdcd1lg2 gene. The knockdown of the typical histone acetyltransferase p300, which has been reported to interact with PU.1, decreased the expression and H3K27 acetylation of the Pdcd1lg2 gene. GM-CSF stimulation upregulated the Pdcd1lg2 gene expression, which was accompanied by an increase in PU.1 binding and histone acetylation in Flt3L-generated mouse bone marrow-derived DCs. The involvement of PU.1, IRF4, and p300 were also observed in mouse splenic DCs. Overall, these results indicate that PU.1 positively regulates Pdcd1lg2 gene expression as a transactivator and an epigenetic regulator in DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keito Inaba
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; and.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8568, Japan
| | - Takuya Yashiro
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; and
| | - Ikumi Hiroki
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; and
| | - Ryosuke Watanabe
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; and
| | - Kazumi Kasakura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; and
| | - Chiharu Nishiyama
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; and
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135
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Joubert AI, Geppert M, Johnson L, Mills-Goodlet R, Michelini S, Korotchenko E, Duschl A, Weiss R, Horejs-Höck J, Himly M. Mechanisms of Particles in Sensitization, Effector Function and Therapy of Allergic Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1334. [PMID: 32714326 PMCID: PMC7344151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have always been in contact with natural airborne particles from many sources including biologic particulate matter (PM) which can exhibit allergenic properties. With industrialization, anthropogenic and combustion-derived particles have become a major fraction. Currently, an ever-growing number of diverse and innovative materials containing engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are being developed with great expectations in technology and medicine. Nanomaterials have entered everyday products including cosmetics, textiles, electronics, sports equipment, as well as food, and food packaging. As part of natural evolution humans have adapted to the exposure to particulate matter, aiming to protect the individual's integrity and health. At the respiratory barrier, complications can arise, when allergic sensitization and pulmonary diseases occur in response to particle exposure. Particulate matter in the form of plant pollen, dust mites feces, animal dander, but also aerosols arising from industrial processes in occupational settings including diverse mixtures thereof can exert such effects. This review article gives an overview of the allergic immune response and addresses specifically the mechanisms of particulates in the context of allergic sensitization, effector function and therapy. In regard of the first theme (i), an overview on exposure to particulates and the functionalities of the relevant immune cells involved in allergic sensitization as well as their interactions in innate and adaptive responses are described. As relevant for human disease, we aim to outline (ii) the potential effector mechanisms that lead to the aggravation of an ongoing immune deviation (such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, etc.) by inhaled particulates, including NPs. Even though adverse effects can be exerted by (nano)particles, leading to allergic sensitization, and the exacerbation of allergic symptoms, promising potential has been shown for their use in (iii) therapeutic approaches of allergic disease, for example as adjuvants. Hence, allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is introduced and the role of adjuvants such as alum as well as the current understanding of their mechanisms of action is reviewed. Finally, future prospects of nanomedicines in allergy treatment are described, which involve modern platform technologies combining immunomodulatory effects at several (immuno-)functional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Joubert
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mark Geppert
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Litty Johnson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Robert Mills-Goodlet
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sara Michelini
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Evgeniia Korotchenko
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Albert Duschl
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Weiss
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jutta Horejs-Höck
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Himly
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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136
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Wu R, Li X, Ma N, Jin X, Yuan X, Qu C, Tang H, Liu Z, Zhang Z. Bacterial Quorum Sensing Molecules Promote Allergic Airway Inflammation by Activating the Retinoic Acid Response. iScience 2020; 23:101288. [PMID: 32622265 PMCID: PMC7334417 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE and IgG1 production in the type 2 immune response is the characteristic feature of an allergic reaction. However, whether bacterial molecules modulate IgE and IgG1 production remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that the bacterial quorum sensing molecules acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) induce IgE and IgG1 production by activating the RARE (retinoic acid response element) response in dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo. DC-specific knockout of the retinoic acid transcriptional factor Rara diminished the AHL-stimulated type 2 immune response in vitro. AHLs altered DC phenotype, upregulated OX40L and IFN-I signature, and promoted T helper 2 cell differentiation in vitro. Finally, AHLs activated the RARE response by inhibiting AKT phosphorylation in vitro, as the AKT agonists IGF-1 and PDGF abolished the effect of AHLs on the RARE response. This study demonstrates a mechanism by which AHLs drive allergic airway inflammation through activating retinoic acid signaling in DCs. Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) exacerbate allergic airway inflammation AHLs induce IgE and IgG1 production AHLs activate the RARE response in dendritic cells AHLs inhibit AKT phosphorylation
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Affiliation(s)
- Renlan Wu
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Xingjie Li
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiufeng Jin
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Xiefang Yuan
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Chen Qu
- Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Hongmei Tang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zongde Zhang
- Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China.
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137
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Nutt SL, Chopin M. Transcriptional Networks Driving Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Function. Immunity 2020; 52:942-956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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138
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Wu J, Hayes BW, Phoenix C, Macias GS, Miao Y, Choi HW, Hughes FM, Todd Purves J, Lee Reinhardt R, Abraham SN. A highly polarized T H2 bladder response to infection promotes epithelial repair at the expense of preventing new infections. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:671-683. [PMID: 32424366 PMCID: PMC7480508 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) typically evoke prompt and vigorous innate bladder immune responses, including extensive exfoliation of the epithelium. To explain the basis for the extraordinarily high recurrence rates of UTIs, we examined adaptive immune responses in mouse bladders. We found that, following each bladder infection, a highly T helper type 2 (TH2)-skewed immune response directed at bladder re-epithelialization is observed, with limited capacity to clear infection. This response is initiated by a distinct subset of CD301b+OX40L+ dendritic cells, which migrate into the bladder epithelium after infection before trafficking to lymph nodes to preferentially activate TH2 cells. The bladder epithelial repair response is cumulative and aberrant as, after multiple infections, the epithelium was markedly thickened and bladder capacity was reduced relative to controls. Thus, recurrence of UTIs and associated bladder dysfunction are the outcome of the preferential focus of the adaptive immune response on epithelial repair at the expense of bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxuan Wu
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Byron W Hayes
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cassandra Phoenix
- Department of Science, North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Yuxuan Miao
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hae Woong Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Francis M Hughes
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Todd Purves
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R Lee Reinhardt
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Soman N Abraham
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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139
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Cook SL, Franke MC, Sievert EP, Sciammas R. A Synchronous IRF4-Dependent Gene Regulatory Network in B and Helper T Cells Orchestrating the Antibody Response. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:614-628. [PMID: 32467029 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Control of diverse pathogens requires an adaptive antibody response, dependent on cellular division of labor to allocate antigen-dependent B- and CD4+ T-cell fates that collaborate to control the quantity and quality of antibody. This is orchestrated by the dynamic action of key transcriptional regulators mediating gene expression programs in response to pathogen-specific environmental inputs. We describe a conserved, likely ancient, gene regulatory network that intriguingly operates contemporaneously in B and CD4+ T cells to control their cell fate dynamics and thus, the character of the antibody response. The remarkable output of this network derives from graded expression, designated by antigen receptor signal strength, of a pivotal transcription factor that regulates alternate cell fate choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Cook
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Marissa C Franke
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Evelyn P Sievert
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roger Sciammas
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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140
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Hilligan KL, Ronchese F. Antigen presentation by dendritic cells and their instruction of CD4+ T helper cell responses. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:587-599. [PMID: 32433540 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are powerful antigen-presenting cells that are essential for the priming of T cell responses. In addition to providing T-cell-receptor ligands and co-stimulatory molecules for naive T cell activation and expansion, dendritic cells are thought to also provide signals for the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into effector T cell populations. The mechanisms by which dendritic cells are able to adapt and respond to the great variety of infectious stimuli they are confronted with, and prime an appropriate CD4+ T cell response, are only partly understood. It is known that in the steady-state dendritic cells are highly heterogenous both in phenotype and transcriptional profile, and that this variability is dependent on developmental lineage, maturation stage, and the tissue environment in which dendritic cells are located. Exposure to infectious agents interfaces with this pre-existing heterogeneity by providing ligands for pattern-recognition and toll-like receptors that are variably expressed on different dendritic cell subsets, and elicit production of cytokines and chemokines to support innate cell activation and drive T cell differentiation. Here we review current information on dendritic cell biology, their heterogeneity, and the properties of different dendritic cell subsets. We then consider the signals required for the development of different types of Th immune responses, and the cellular and molecular evidence implicating different subsets of dendritic cells in providing such signals. We outline how dendritic cell subsets tailor their response according to the infectious agent, and how such transcriptional plasticity enables them to drive different types of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Hilligan
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.,Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Franca Ronchese
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.
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141
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Filbey KJ, Mehta PH, Meijlink KJ, Pellefigues C, Schmidt AJ, Le Gros G. The Gastrointestinal Helminth Heligmosomoides bakeri Suppresses Inflammation in a Model of Contact Hypersensitivity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:950. [PMID: 32508831 PMCID: PMC7249854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Helminths regulate host immune responses to ensure their own long-term survival. Numerous studies have demonstrated that these helminth-induced regulatory mechanisms can also limit host inflammatory responses in several disease models. We used the Heligmosomoides bakeri (Hb) infection model (also known as H. polygyrus or H. polygyrus bakeri in the literature) to test whether such immune regulation affects skin inflammatory responses induced by the model contact sensitiser dibutyl phthalate fluorescein isothiocynate (DBP-FITC). Skin lysates from DBP-FITC-sensitized, Hb-infected mice produced less neutrophil specific chemokines and had significantly reduced levels of skin thickening and cellular inflammatory responses in tissue and draining lymph nodes (LNs) compared to uninfected mice. Hb-induced suppression did not appear to be mediated by regulatory T cells, nor was it due to impaired dendritic cell (DC) activity. Mice cleared of infection remained unresponsive to DBP-FITC sensitization indicating that suppression was not via the secretion of Hb-derived short-lived regulatory molecules, although long-term effects on cells cannot be ruled out. Importantly, similar helminth-induced suppression of inflammation was also seen in the draining LN after intradermal injection of the ubiquitous allergen house dust mite (HDM). These findings demonstrate that Hb infection attenuates skin inflammatory responses by suppressing chemokine production and recruitment of innate cells. These findings further contribute to the growing body of evidence that helminth infection can modulate inflammatory and allergic responses via a number of mechanisms with potential to be exploited in therapeutic and preventative strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara J Filbey
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Palak H Mehta
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Graham Le Gros
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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142
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Inflammatory Type 2 cDCs Acquire Features of cDC1s and Macrophages to Orchestrate Immunity to Respiratory Virus Infection. Immunity 2020; 52:1039-1056.e9. [PMID: 32392463 PMCID: PMC7207120 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phenotypic and functional dichotomy between IRF8+ type 1 and IRF4+ type 2 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s and cDC2s, respectively) is well accepted; it is unknown how robust this dichotomy is under inflammatory conditions, when additionally monocyte-derived cells (MCs) become competent antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Using single-cell technologies in models of respiratory viral infection, we found that lung cDC2s acquired expression of the Fc receptor CD64 shared with MCs and of IRF8 shared with cDC1s. These inflammatory cDC2s (inf-cDC2s) were superior in inducing CD4+ T helper (Th) cell polarization while simultaneously presenting antigen to CD8+ T cells. When carefully separated from inf-cDC2s, MCs lacked APC function. Inf-cDC2s matured in response to cell-intrinsic Toll-like receptor and type 1 interferon receptor signaling, upregulated an IRF8-dependent maturation module, and acquired antigens via convalescent serum and Fc receptors. Because hybrid inf-cDC2s are easily confused with monocyte-derived cells, their existence could explain why APC functions have been attributed to MCs. Type I interferon drives differentiation of inf-cDC2s that closely resemble MCs Inf-cDC2s prime CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, whereas MCs lack APC function Inf-cDC2s internalize antibody-complexed antigen via Fc receptors IRF8 controls maturation gene module in inf-cDC2s
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143
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Omori-Miyake M, Watarai H, Sato K, Ziegler SF, Yagi J. An accumulation of two populations of dendritic cells in skin-draining lymph nodes in response to the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in the skin. Cell Immunol 2020; 353:104116. [PMID: 32380184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) acts on dendritic cells (DCs), which prime helper T (Th) cells to become type 2 cytokine producing cells. Recently, a different set of populations of TSLP-responsive DCs has been discovered. Here, we identified two populations of CD103loEpCAMhi migratory DCs (fraction I and fraction II) that accumulated in skin-draining lymph nodes in response to TSLP expressed in the mouse skin. Fraction I DCs with CD11b+PDL2hi expression primed naïve Th cells to differentiate into cells secreting IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-22, while fraction II DCs with CD11bloPDL2+ expression primed naïve Th cells to differentiate into cells secreting IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13 and IL-10. Fraction I DCs migrated from the skin via IL-4Rα signaling pathway, whereas fraction II DCs migrated partially via TSLPR signaling pathway. All suggest that at least two populations of CD103loEpCAMhi DCs with distinct functions and pathways could migrate in response to TSLP expression in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Omori-Miyake
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Division of Stem Cell Cellomics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Sato
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junji Yagi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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144
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Adam L, Tchitchek N, Todorova B, Rosenbaum P, Joly C, Poux C, Chapon C, Spetz AL, Ustav M, Le Grand R, Martinon F. Innate Molecular and Cellular Signature in the Skin Preceding Long-Lasting T Cell Responses after Electroporated DNA Vaccination. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3375-3388. [PMID: 32385135 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccines delivered with electroporation (EP) have shown promising results in preclinical models and are evaluated in clinical trials. In this study, we aim to characterize early mechanisms occurring in the skin after intradermal injection and EP of the auxoGTUmultiSIV DNA vaccine in nonhuman primates. First, we show that EP acts as an adjuvant by enhancing local inflammation, notably via granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and CD1aint-expressing cell recruitment. EP also induced Langerhans cell maturation, illustrated by CD86, CD83, and HLA-DR upregulation and their migration out of the epidermis. Second, we demonstrate the crucial role of the DNA vaccine in soluble factors release, such as MCP-1 or IL-15. Transcriptomic analysis showed that EP played a major role in gene expression changes postvaccination. However, the DNA vaccine is required to strongly upregulate several genes involved in inflammatory responses (e.g., Saa4), cell migration (e.g., Ccl3, Ccl5, or Cxcl10), APC activation (e.g., Cd86), and IFN-inducible genes (e.g., Ifit3, Ifit5, Irf7, Isg15, orMx1), illustrating an antiviral response signature. Also, AIM-2, a cytosolic DNA sensor, appeared to be strongly upregulated only in the presence of the DNA vaccine and trends to positively correlate with several IFN-inducible genes, suggesting the potential role of AIM-2 in vaccine sensing and the subsequent innate response activation leading to strong adaptive T cell responses. Overall, these results demonstrate that a combined stimulation of the immune response, in which EP and the auxoGTUmultiSIV vaccine triggered different components of the innate immunity, led to strong and persistent cellular recall responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Adam
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nicolas Tchitchek
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Biliana Todorova
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pierre Rosenbaum
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Candie Joly
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Candice Poux
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Catherine Chapon
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Anna-Lena Spetz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Mart Ustav
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Frédéric Martinon
- Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Infectious Disease Models and Innovative Therapies Department, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U1184, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France;
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145
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Migratory dendritic cells in skin-draining lymph nodes have nickel-binding capabilities. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5050. [PMID: 32193426 PMCID: PMC7081353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is the most frequent metal allergen and induces Th1-dependent type-IV allergies. In local skin, epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) and/or dermal dendritic cells (DCs) uptake antigens and migrate to draining lymph nodes (LNs). However, the subsets of antigen-presenting cells that contribute to Ni presentation have not yet been identified. In this study, we analyzed the Ni-binding capabilities of murine DCs using fluorescent metal indicator Newport Green. Elicitation of Ni allergy was assessed after intradermal (i.d.) injection of Ni-treated DCs into ear pinnae of Ni-sensitized mice. The Ni-binding capabilities of MHC class IIhi CD11cint migratory DCs were significantly stronger than those of MHC class IIint CD11chi resident DCs and CD11cint PDCA1+ MHC class IIint B220+ plasmacytoid DCs. Migratory DCs in skin-draining and mandibular LNs showed significantly stronger Ni-binding capabilities than those in mesenteric and medial iliac LNs. An i.d. injection of IL-1β induced the activation of LCs and dermal DCs with strong Ni-binding capabilities. Ni-binding LCs were detected in draining LNs after i.d. challenge with IL-1β and Ni. Moreover, an i.d. injection of Ni-treated DCs purified from skin-draining LNs elicited Ni-allergic inflammation. These results demonstrated that migratory DCs in skin-draining LNs have strong Ni-binding capabilities and elicit Ni allergy.
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146
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Transcriptional regulation of DC fate specification. Mol Immunol 2020; 121:38-46. [PMID: 32151907 PMCID: PMC7187805 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells function in the immune system to instruct adaptive immune cells to respond accordingly to different threats. While conventional dendritic cells can be subdivided into two main subtypes, termed cDC1s and cDC2s, it is clear that further heterogeneity exists within these subtypes, particularly for cDC2s. Understanding the signals involved in specifying each of these lineages and subtypes thereof is crucial to (i) enable us to determine their specific functions and (ii) put us in a position to be able to target these cells to promote or prevent a specific function in any given disease setting. Although we still have much to learn regarding the specification of these cells, here we review the most recent advances in our understanding of this and highlight some of the next questions for the future.
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147
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Lee J, Zhang J, Chung YJ, Kim JH, Kook CM, González-Navajas JM, Herdman DS, Nürnberg B, Insel PA, Corr M, Mo JH, Tao A, Yasuda K, Rifkin IR, Broide DH, Sciammas R, Webster NJG, Raz E. Inhibition of IRF4 in dendritic cells by PRR-independent and -dependent signals inhibit Th2 and promote Th17 responses. eLife 2020; 9:e49416. [PMID: 32014112 PMCID: PMC7000221 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is involved in many biological processes but little is known regarding its role in shaping immunity. Here we show that cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling (a pattern recognition receptor [PRR]-independent mechanism) regulates conventional type-2 Dendritic Cells (cDC2s) in mice and reprograms their Th17-inducing properties via repression of IRF4 and KLF4, transcription factors essential for cDC2-mediated Th2 induction. In mice, genetic loss of IRF4 phenocopies the effects of cAMP on Th17 induction and restoration of IRF4 prevents the cAMP effect. Moreover, curdlan, a PRR-dependent microbial product, activates CREB and represses IRF4 and KLF4, resulting in a pro-Th17 phenotype of cDC2s. These in vitro and in vivo results define a novel signaling pathway by which cDC2s display plasticity and provide a new molecular basis for the classification of novel cDC2 and cDC17 subsets. The findings also reveal that repressing IRF4 and KLF4 pathway can be harnessed for immuno-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyung Lee
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (GMU), The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical ImmunologyGuangzhouChina
- Center for Immunology, Inflammation and Immune-mediated disease, GMUGuangzhouChina
| | - Young-Jun Chung
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryDankook University College of MedicineChungnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwan Kim
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Chae Min Kook
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - José M González-Navajas
- Center for Immunology, Inflammation and Immune-mediated disease, GMUGuangzhouChina
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL - FISABIO)AlicanteSpain
- Networked Biomedical Research Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd)Institute of Health Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - David S Herdman
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Paul A Insel
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Ji-Hun Mo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryDankook University College of MedicineChungnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Ailin Tao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (GMU), The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical ImmunologyGuangzhouChina
- Center for Immunology, Inflammation and Immune-mediated disease, GMUGuangzhouChina
| | - Kei Yasuda
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Ian R Rifkin
- Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
- VA Boston Healthcare SystemBostonUnited States
| | - David H Broide
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Roger Sciammas
- Center for Comparative MedicineUniversity of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Nicholas JG Webster
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoUnited States
| | - Eyal Raz
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoUnited States
- Center for Immunology, Inflammation and Immune-mediated disease, GMUGuangzhouChina
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148
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Voskamp AL, Kormelink TG, van Wijk RG, Hiemstra PS, Taube C, de Jong EC, Smits HH. Modulating local airway immune responses to treat allergic asthma: lessons from experimental models and human studies. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:95-110. [PMID: 32020335 PMCID: PMC7066288 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With asthma affecting over 300 million individuals world-wide and estimated to affect 400 million by 2025, developing effective, long-lasting therapeutics is essential. Allergic asthma, where Th2-type immunity plays a central role, represents 90% of child and 50% of adult asthma cases. Research based largely on animal models of allergic disease have led to the generation of a novel class of drugs, so-called biologicals, that target essential components of Th2-type inflammation. Although highly efficient in subclasses of patients, these biologicals and other existing medication only target the symptomatic stage of asthma and when therapy is ceased, a flare-up of the disease is often observed. Therefore, it is suggested to target earlier stages in the inflammatory cascade underlying allergic airway inflammation and to focus on changing and redirecting the initiation of type 2 inflammatory responses against allergens and certain viral agents. This focus on upstream aspects of innate immunity that drive development of Th2-type immunity is expected to have longer-lasting and disease-modifying effects, and may potentially lead to a cure for asthma. This review highlights the current understanding of the contribution of local innate immune elements in the development and maintenance of inflammatory airway responses and discusses available leads for successful targeting of those pathways for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Voskamp
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T Groot Kormelink
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Gerth van Wijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Allergology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen - Ruhrklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - E C de Jong
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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149
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Pool L, Rivollier A, Agace WW. Deletion of IRF4 in Dendritic Cells Leads to Delayed Onset of T Cell-Dependent Colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1047-1055. [PMID: 31900340 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Classical dendritic cells (cDC) can be classified into two major subsets: Irf8-dependent cDC1 and Irf4-expressing cDC2. Although these subsets play distinct roles in intestinal immune homeostasis, their functions in T cell-driven colitis remain unknown. To assess the role of IRF4 expression in cDC2 in T cell-driven colitis, CD11c-Cre.Irf4 fl/fl and Irf4 fl/fl mice were backcrossed onto a Rag-1 -/- background and used as recipients of CD45RBhiCD4+ T cells. Colitis score and innate immune cell influx were reduced in Cre+ mice 4 wk posttransfer, and these changes were associated with reduced CD4+ T cell counts in both the mesenteric lymph nodes and colon. By 7 wk, colitis score and colon CD4+ T cell numbers were similar in Cre+ and Cre- mice despite a selective reduction in Th17 cells in the colon of Cre+ mice and a continued reduction in CD4+ T cell numbers in mesenteric lymph nodes. Cotransfer of CD25+CD45RBlo CD4+ T cells prevented CD45RBhiCD4+ T cell-driven colitis in both Cre+ and Cre- recipients, demonstrating that IRF4 expression by cDC is not required for CD4+ regulatory T cell-mediated control of colitis. Collectively these results suggest a role for IRF4 expression in cDC2 in the generation of colitogenic CD4+ T cells, which becomes redundant as colitis progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieneke Pool
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark; and
| | - Aymeric Rivollier
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark; and
| | - William W Agace
- Mucosal Immunology Group, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark; and .,Immunology Section, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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150
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New insights into roles of basophils in initiating T helper type 2 immunity. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2020; 12:14-18. [PMID: 36117560 PMCID: PMC9476796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases, mainly mediated by T helper type 2 (Th2) immunity, have become a worldwide public health problem. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been used in treating and preventing allergic symptoms. As the new target of anti-allergy TCM, basophils, after approximately 140 years since their discovery, are just now gaining respect as important contributors in the pathogenesis underlying allergic inflammation and disease. In addition to their role as effector cells, basophils can release early IL-4, migrate from circulatory system into draining lymph nodes, present antigen to naive CD4+T cells, and promote the differentiation of Th2 cells. Herein, we briefly summarized the recent research advances of the essential contributions of basophils in the initiation of Th2 immune responses.
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