101
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Fujimoto K, Uchida K, Yin E, Zhu J, Kojima Y, Uchiyama M, Yamamoto Y, Bashuda H, Matsumoto R, Tokushige K, Harada M, Inomata T, Kitaura J, Murakami A, Okumura K, Takeda K. Analysis of therapeutic potential of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cardiac allotransplantation. Transpl Immunol 2021; 67:101405. [PMID: 33975012 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are attractive immune cells to induce immune tolerance. To explore a strategy for improving the efficacy of MDSC therapies, we examined the impact of adoptive transfer of several types of MDSCs on graft rejection in a murine heart transplantation model. METHODS We analyzed the effects of induced syngeneic and allogeneic bone marrow-derived MDSCs (BM-MDSCs) on graft survival and suppressive capacity. We also compared the ability of syngeneic monocytic MDSCs (Mo-MDSCs) and polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) to inhibit graft rejection and investigated the suppression mechanisms. RESULTS Both syngeneic and allogeneic donor- or allogeneic third-party-derived BM-MDSCs prolonged graft survival, although syngeneic BM-MDSCs inhibited anti-donor immune responses most effectively in vitro. Syngeneic Mo-MDSCs, rather than PMN-MDSCs, were responsible for immune suppression through downregulating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and expanded naturally occurring thymic originated Treg (nTreg) in vitro. Adoptive transfer of Mo-MDSCs, but not PMN-MDSCs, prolonged graft survival and increased Treg infiltration into the graft heart. CONCLUSION Recipient-derived Mo-MDSCs are most effective in prolonging graft survival via inhibiting T cell response and nTreg infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Fujimoto
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Uchida
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Advanced Research Institute for Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Enzhi Yin
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuko Kojima
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | - Hisashi Bashuda
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryu Matsumoto
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koji Tokushige
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masaki Harada
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takenori Inomata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jiro Kitaura
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akira Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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102
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Mirzakhani M, Shahbazi M, Shamdani S, Naserian S, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M. Innate immunity: Trained immunity and innate allorecognition against the allograft. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:275-282. [PMID: 33939576 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1921175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The immune system response of transplant recipients is the main cause of allograft rejection; therefore, its suppression seems crucial. Nevertheless, immunosuppressive agents are largely ineffective against innate immune response. Innate immunity is immediately activated after transplantation and contribute to allograft inflammation and rejection. In this regard, understanding the mechanism of activation and targeting the components of innate immunity could improve allograft survival time. In this review, we discuss two scenarios in the innate immunity, i.e., danger and allogeneic signals in the context of both allogeneic and syngeneic graft. Moreover, the mechanisms of innate allorecognition (i.e., signal regulatory protein α-CD47 and paired immunoglobulin-like receptors-MHC I axis) are described, which can improve our clinical decisions to use a better therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirzakhani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahbazi
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sara Shamdani
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Sina Naserian
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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103
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Bekkering S, Domínguez-Andrés J, Joosten LAB, Riksen NP, Netea MG. Trained Immunity: Reprogramming Innate Immunity in Health and Disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:667-693. [PMID: 33637018 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-102119-073855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the innate and adaptive immune systems are differentiated by their specificity and memory capacity. In recent years, however, this paradigm has shifted: Cells of the innate immune system appear to be able to gain memory characteristics after transient stimulation, resulting in an enhanced response upon secondary challenge. This phenomenon has been called trained immunity. Trained immunity is characterized by nonspecific increased responsiveness, mediated via extensive metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Trained immunity explains the heterologous effects of vaccines, which result in increased protection against secondary infections. However, in chronic inflammatory conditions, trained immunity can induce maladaptive effects and contribute to hyperinflammation and progression of cardiovascular disease, autoinflammatory syndromes, and neuroinflammation. In this review we summarize the current state of the field of trained immunity, its mechanisms, and its roles in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siroon Bekkering
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , , .,Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , ,
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands; , , .,Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
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104
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Sousa AR, Mano JF, Oliveira MB. Engineering Strategies for Allogeneic Solid Tissue Acceptance. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:572-587. [PMID: 33865718 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Advances in allogeneic transplantation of solid organs and tissues depend on our understanding of mechanisms that mediate the prevention of graft rejection. For the past decades, clinical practice has established guidelines to prevent allograft rejection, which mostly rely on the intake of nontargeted immunosuppressants as the gold standard. However, such lifelong regimens have been reported to trigger severe morbidities and commonly fail in preventing late allograft loss. In this review, the biology of allogeneic rejection and self-tolerance is analyzed, as well as the mechanisms of cellular-based therapeutics driving suppression and/or tolerance. Bioinspired engineering strategies that take advantage of cells, biomaterials, or combinations thereof to prevent allograft rejection are addressed, as well as biological mechanisms that drive their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mariana B Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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105
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Cunningham KT, Finlay CM, Mills KHG. Helminth Imprinting of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Sustains Anti-Inflammatory Trained Innate Immunity That Attenuates Autoimmune Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1618-1630. [PMID: 33579723 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Certain proinflammatory stimuli can metabolically and epigenetically modify monocytes/macrophages or NK cells to be more responsive to secondary stimuli, a process known as trained innate immunity. However, the longevity of trained innate immunity is unclear. In this study, we report that Fasciola hepatica excretory-secretory products (FHES) can imprint an anti-inflammatory phenotype on long-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and monocyte precursor populations, enhancing their proliferation and differentiation into anti-inflammatory Ly6Clow monocytes. These monocytes expand and populate multiple compartments within mice, conferring hyporesponsiveness to proinflammatory stimuli and reduced susceptibility to induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mice treated with FHES had enhanced alternatively activated macrophages, reduced Th1 and Th17 responses, and attenuating effects on autoimmunity that persisted for 8 mo. Furthermore, transplantation of HSCs from FHES-treated mice transferred the anti-inflammatory phenotype to naive mice. Our findings demonstrate that helminth products can modulate HSCs to promote development of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells that attenuate T cell-mediated autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Cunningham
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
| | - Conor M Finlay
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; and
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106
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Bernal A, Calcagno C, Mulder WJM, Pérez-Medina C. Imaging-guided nanomedicine development. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 63:78-85. [PMID: 33735814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine research is an active field that produces thousands of studies every year. However, translation of nanotherapeutics to the clinic has yet to catch up with such a vast output. In recent years, the need to better understand nanomedicines' in vivo behavior has been identified as one of the major challenges for efficient clinical translation. In this context, noninvasive imaging offers attractive solutions to provide valuable information about nanomedicine biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, stability, or therapeutic efficacy. Here, we review the latest imaging approaches used in the development of therapeutic nanomedicines, discuss why these strategies bring added value along the translational pipeline, and give a perspective on future advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Calcagno
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Carlos Pérez-Medina
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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107
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van Leent MMT, Beldman TJ, Toner YC, Lameijer MA, Rother N, Bekkering S, Teunissen AJP, Zhou X, van der Meel R, Malkus J, Nauta SA, Klein ED, Fay F, Sanchez-Gaytan BL, Pérez-Medina C, Kluza E, Ye YX, Wojtkiewicz G, Fisher EA, Swirski FK, Nahrendorf M, Zhang B, Li Y, Zhang B, Joosten LAB, Pasterkamp G, Boltjes A, Fayad ZA, Lutgens E, Netea MG, Riksen NP, Mulder WJM, Duivenvoorden R. Prosaposin mediates inflammation in atherosclerosis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabe1433. [PMID: 33692130 PMCID: PMC8209679 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The inflammatory properties of these cells are dictated by their metabolism, of which the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a key regulator. Using myeloid cell-specific nanobiologics in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe -/-) mice, we found that targeting the mTOR and ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1 (S6K1) signaling pathways rapidly diminished plaque macrophages' inflammatory activity. By investigating transcriptome modifications, we identified Psap, a gene encoding the lysosomal protein prosaposin, as closely related with mTOR signaling. Subsequent in vitro experiments revealed that Psap inhibition suppressed both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Transplantation of Psap -/- bone marrow to low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (Ldlr -/-) mice led to a reduction in atherosclerosis development and plaque inflammation. Last, we confirmed the relationship between PSAP expression and inflammation in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the development of atherosclerosis and identify prosaposin as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy M T van Leent
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Experimetal Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thijs J Beldman
- Experimetal Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yohana C Toner
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marnix A Lameijer
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Experimetal Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nils Rother
- Department of Nephrology and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Siroon Bekkering
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Abraham J P Teunissen
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xianxiao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Roy van der Meel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Joost Malkus
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sheqouia A Nauta
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emma D Klein
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Francois Fay
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92 296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Brenda L Sanchez-Gaytan
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Chemistry Center, Science Institute, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pérez-Medina
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ewelina Kluza
- Department of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Yu-Xiang Ye
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospitals Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gregory Wojtkiewicz
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Cell Biology, Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) and TWINCORE, joint ventures between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) and TWINCORE, joint ventures between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu, Cluj-Napoca 400000, Romania
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arjan Boltjes
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Experimetal Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, 80331 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Chemical Biology, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Raphaël Duivenvoorden
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
- Department of Nephrology and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, Netherlands
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108
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Drummer C, Saaoud F, Shao Y, Sun Y, Xu K, Lu Y, Ni D, Atar D, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Trained Immunity and Reactivity of Macrophages and Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1032-1046. [PMID: 33380171 PMCID: PMC7904591 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune cells can develop exacerbated immunologic response and long-term inflammatory phenotype following brief exposure to endogenous or exogenous insults, which leads to an altered response towards a second challenge after the return to a nonactivated state. This phenomenon is known as trained immunity (TI). TI is not only important for host defense and vaccine response but also for chronic inflammations such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis. TI can occur in innate immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages, natural killer cells, endothelial cells (ECs), and nonimmune cells, such as fibroblast. In this brief review, we analyze the significance of TI in ECs, which are also considered as innate immune cells in addition to macrophages. TI can be induced by a variety of stimuli, including lipopolysaccharides, BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guerin), and oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein), which are defined as risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, TI in ECs is functional for inflammation effectiveness and transition to chronic inflammation. Rewiring of cellular metabolism of the trained cells takes place during induction of TI, including increased glycolysis, glutaminolysis, increased accumulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and acetyl-coenzyme A production, as well as increased mevalonate synthesis. Subsequently, this leads to epigenetic remodeling, resulting in important changes in chromatin architecture that enables increased gene transcription and enhanced proinflammatory immune response. However, TI pathways and inflammatory pathways are separated to ensure memory stays when inflammation undergoes resolution. Additionally, reactive oxygen species play context-dependent roles in TI. Therefore, TI plays significant roles in EC and macrophage pathology and chronic inflammation. However, further characterization of TI in ECs and macrophages would provide novel insights into cardiovascular disease pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Drummer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Dong Ni
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Diana Atar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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109
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van Leent MMT, Meerwaldt AE, Berchouchi A, Toner YC, Burnett ME, Klein ED, Verschuur AVD, Nauta SA, Munitz J, Prévot G, van Leeuwen EM, Ordikhani F, Mourits VP, Calcagno C, Robson PM, Soultanidis G, Reiner T, Joosten RRM, Friedrich H, Madsen JC, Kluza E, van der Meel R, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Ochando J, Fayad ZA, Pérez-Medina C, Mulder WJM, Teunissen AJP. A modular approach toward producing nanotherapeutics targeting the innate immune system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/10/eabe7853. [PMID: 33674313 PMCID: PMC7935355 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe7853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies controlling the adaptive immune system are firmly established, but regulating the innate immune system remains much less explored. The intrinsic interactions between nanoparticles and phagocytic myeloid cells make these materials especially suited for engaging the innate immune system. However, developing nanotherapeutics is an elaborate process. Here, we demonstrate a modular approach that facilitates efficiently incorporating a broad variety of drugs in a nanobiologic platform. Using a microfluidic formulation strategy, we produced apolipoprotein A1-based nanobiologics with favorable innate immune system-engaging properties as evaluated by in vivo screening. Subsequently, rapamycin and three small-molecule inhibitors were derivatized with lipophilic promoieties, ensuring their seamless incorporation and efficient retention in nanobiologics. A short regimen of intravenously administered rapamycin-loaded nanobiologics (mTORi-NBs) significantly prolonged allograft survival in a heart transplantation mouse model. Last, we studied mTORi-NB biodistribution in nonhuman primates by PET/MR imaging and evaluated its safety, paving the way for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy M T van Leent
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anu E Meerwaldt
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht/Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Berchouchi
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yohana C Toner
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marianne E Burnett
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma D Klein
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Vera D Verschuur
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheqouia A Nauta
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jazz Munitz
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey Prévot
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esther M van Leeuwen
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Farideh Ordikhani
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vera P Mourits
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Claudia Calcagno
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip M Robson
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Soultanidis
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rick R M Joosten
- Center of Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Heiner Friedrich
- Center of Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Joren C Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences and Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ewelina Kluza
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Roy van der Meel
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Willem J M Mulder
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Abraham J P Teunissen
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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110
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Wang L, Serpooshan V, Zhang J. Engineering Human Cardiac Muscle Patch Constructs for Prevention of Post-infarction LV Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:621781. [PMID: 33718449 PMCID: PMC7952323 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.621781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering combines principles of engineering and biology to generate living tissue equivalents for drug testing, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. As techniques for reprogramming human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and subsequently differentiating them into cardiomyocytes and other cardiac cells have become increasingly efficient, progress toward the development of engineered human cardiac muscle patch (hCMP) and heart tissue analogs has accelerated. A few pilot clinical studies in patients with post-infarction LV remodeling have been already approved. Conventional methods for hCMP fabrication include suspending cells within scaffolds, consisting of biocompatible materials, or growing two-dimensional sheets that can be stacked to form multilayered constructs. More recently, advanced technologies, such as micropatterning and three-dimensional bioprinting, have enabled fabrication of hCMP architectures at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. However, the studies working on various hCMP-based strategies for in vivo tissue repair face several major obstacles, including the inadequate scalability for clinical applications, poor integration and engraftment rate, and the lack of functional vasculature. Here, we review many of the recent advancements and key concerns in cardiac tissue engineering, focusing primarily on the production of hCMPs at clinical/industrial scales that are suitable for administration to patients with myocardial disease. The wide variety of cardiac cell types and sources that are applicable to hCMP biomanufacturing are elaborated. Finally, some of the key challenges remaining in the field and potential future directions to address these obstacles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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111
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Dwyer GK, Turnquist HR. Untangling Local Pro-Inflammatory, Reparative, and Regulatory Damage-Associated Molecular-Patterns (DAMPs) Pathways to Improve Transplant Outcomes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:611910. [PMID: 33708206 PMCID: PMC7940545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.611910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Detrimental inflammatory responses after solid organ transplantation are initiated when immune cells sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and certain damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released or exposed during transplant-associated processes, such as ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), surgical trauma, and recipient conditioning. These inflammatory responses initiate and propagate anti-alloantigen (AlloAg) responses and targeting DAMPs and PAMPs, or the signaling cascades they activate, reduce alloimmunity, and contribute to improved outcomes after allogeneic solid organ transplantation in experimental studies. However, DAMPs have also been implicated in initiating essential anti-inflammatory and reparative functions of specific immune cells, particularly Treg and macrophages. Interestingly, DAMP signaling is also involved in local and systemic homeostasis. Herein, we describe the emerging literature defining how poor outcomes after transplantation may result, not from just an over-abundance of DAMP-driven inflammation, but instead an inadequate presence of a subset of DAMPs or related molecules needed to repair tissue successfully or re-establish tissue homeostasis. Adverse outcomes may also arise when these homeostatic or reparative signals become dysregulated or hijacked by alloreactive immune cells in transplant niches. A complete understanding of the critical pathways controlling tissue repair and homeostasis, and how alloimmune responses or transplant-related processes disrupt these will lead to new immunotherapeutics that can prevent or reverse the tissue pathology leading to lost grafts due to chronic rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelen K Dwyer
- Departments of Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hēth R Turnquist
- Departments of Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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112
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Municio C, Criado G. Therapies Targeting Trained Immune Cells in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 11:631743. [PMID: 33569065 PMCID: PMC7868395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.631743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of trained immunity has recently emerged as a mechanism contributing to several immune mediated inflammatory conditions. Trained immunity is defined by the immunological memory developed in innate immune cells after a primary non-specific stimulus that, in turn, promotes a heightened inflammatory response upon a secondary challenge. The most characteristic changes associated to this process involve the rewiring of cell metabolism and epigenetic reprogramming. Under physiological conditions, the role of trained immune cells ensures a prompt response. This action is limited by effective resolution of inflammation and tissue repair in order to restore homeostasis. However, unrestrained activation of innate immune cells contributes to the development of chronic inflammation and tissue destruction through the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, proteases and growth factors. Therefore, interventions aimed at reversing the changes induced by trained immunity provide potential therapeutic approaches to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We review cellular approaches that target metabolism and the epigenetic reprogramming of dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and other trained cells in the context of autoimmune inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Municio
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Criado
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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113
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Ferreira AV, Domiguéz-Andrés J, Netea MG. The Role of Cell Metabolism in Innate Immune Memory. J Innate Immun 2020; 14:42-50. [PMID: 33378755 DOI: 10.1159/000512280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory is classically attributed to adaptive immune responses, but recent studies have shown that challenged innate immune cells can display long-term functional changes that increase nonspecific responsiveness to subsequent infections. This phenomenon, coined trained immunity or innate immune memory, is based on the epigenetic reprogramming and the rewiring of intracellular metabolic pathways. Here, we review the different metabolic pathways that are modulated in trained immunity. Glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid, and lipid metabolism are interplaying pathways that are crucial for the establishment of innate immune memory. Unraveling this metabolic wiring allows for a better understanding of innate immune contribution to health and disease. These insights may open avenues for the development of future therapies that aim to harness or dampen the power of the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaisa Valido Ferreira
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Domiguéz-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai Gheorghe Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, .,Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, .,Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania,
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114
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Ordikhani F, Pothula V, Sanchez-Tarjuelo R, Jordan S, Ochando J. Macrophages in Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582939. [PMID: 33329555 PMCID: PMC7734247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current immunosuppressive therapy has led to excellent short-term survival rates in organ transplantation. However, long-term graft survival rates are suboptimal, and a vast number of allografts are gradually lost in the clinic. An increasing number of animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that monocytes and macrophages play a pivotal role in graft rejection, as these mononuclear phagocytic cells recognize alloantigens and trigger an inflammatory cascade that activate the adaptive immune response. Moreover, recent studies suggest that monocytes acquire a feature of memory recall response that is associated with a potent immune response. This form of memory is called “trained immunity,” and it is retained by mechanisms of epigenetic and metabolic changes in innate immune cells after exposure to particular ligands, which have a direct impact in allograft rejection. In this review article, we highlight the role of monocytes and macrophages in organ transplantation and summarize therapeutic approaches to promote tolerance through manipulation of monocytes and macrophages. These strategies may open new therapeutic opportunities to increase long-term transplant survival rates in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Ordikhani
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Venu Pothula
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rodrigo Sanchez-Tarjuelo
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Jordan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Immunología de Trasplantes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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115
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Fernández AR, Sánchez-Tarjuelo R, Cravedi P, Ochando J, López-Hoyos M. Review: Ischemia Reperfusion Injury-A Translational Perspective in Organ Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228549. [PMID: 33202744 PMCID: PMC7696417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thanks to the development of new, more potent and selective immunosuppressive drugs together with advances in surgical techniques, organ transplantation has emerged from an experimental surgery over fifty years ago to being the treatment of choice for many end-stage organ diseases, with over 139,000 organ transplants performed worldwide in 2019. Inherent to the transplantation procedure is the fact that the donor organ is subjected to blood flow cessation and ischemia during harvesting, which is followed by preservation and reperfusion of the organ once transplanted into the recipient. Consequently, ischemia/reperfusion induces a significant injury to the graft with activation of the immune response in the recipient and deleterious effect on the graft. The purpose of this review is to discuss and shed new light on the pathways involved in ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) that act at different stages during the donation process, surgery, and immediate post-transplant period. Here, we present strategies that combine various treatments targeted at different mechanistic pathways during several time points to prevent graft loss secondary to the inflammation caused by IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Renaldo Fernández
- Immunology, Universitary Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla- Research Institute IDIVAL Santander, 390008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Rodrigo Sánchez-Tarjuelo
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (R.S.-T.); (J.O.)
- Immunología de Trasplantes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (R.S.-T.); (J.O.)
- Immunología de Trasplantes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain
| | - Marcos López-Hoyos
- Immunology, Universitary Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla- Research Institute IDIVAL Santander, 390008 Santander, Spain;
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-942-292759
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116
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Lutgens E, Atzler D, Döring Y, Duchene J, Steffens S, Weber C. Immunotherapy for cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2020; 40:3937-3946. [PMID: 31121017 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The outcomes of the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) trial have unequivocally proven that inflammation is a key driver of atherosclerosis and that targeting inflammation, in this case by using an anti-interleukin-1β antibody, improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. This is especially true for CVD patients with a pro-inflammatory constitution. Although CANTOS has epitomized the importance of targeting inflammation in atherosclerosis, treatment with canakinumab did not improve CVD mortality, and caused an increase in infections. Therefore, the identification of novel drug targets and development of novel therapeutics that block atherosclerosis-specific inflammatory pathways and exhibit limited immune-suppressive side effects, as pursued in our collaborative research centre, are required to optimize immunotherapy for CVD. In this review, we will highlight the potential of novel immunotherapeutic targets that are currently considered to become a future treatment for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), CRC 1123 Atherosclerosis - Mechanisms and Networks of novel therapeutic Targets, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9, Munich 80336, Germany.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), CRC 1123 Atherosclerosis - Mechanisms and Networks of novel therapeutic Targets, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9, Munich 80336, Germany.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Walther-Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Goethestraße 33, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), CRC 1123 Atherosclerosis - Mechanisms and Networks of novel therapeutic Targets, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9, Munich 80336, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Duchene
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), CRC 1123 Atherosclerosis - Mechanisms and Networks of novel therapeutic Targets, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9, Munich 80336, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Steffens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), CRC 1123 Atherosclerosis - Mechanisms and Networks of novel therapeutic Targets, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9, Munich 80336, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), CRC 1123 Atherosclerosis - Mechanisms and Networks of novel therapeutic Targets, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9, Munich 80336, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitsingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
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117
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Tercan H, Riksen NP, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Bekkering S. Trained Immunity: Long-Term Adaptation in Innate Immune Responses. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:55-61. [PMID: 33086868 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses are characterized by antigen specificity and induction of lifelong immunologic memory. Recently, it has been reported that innate immune cells can also build immune memory characteristics-a process termed trained immunity. Trained immunity describes the persistent hyperresponsive phenotype that innate immune cells can develop after brief stimulation. Pathogenic stimuli such as microorganisms, and also endogenous molecules including uric acid, oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein), and catecholamines, are capable of inducing memory in monocytes and macrophages. While trained immunity provides favorable cross-protection in the context of infectious diseases, the heightened immune response can be maladaptive in diseases driven by chronic systemic inflammation, such as atherosclerosis. Trained immunity is maintained by distinct epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms and persists for at least several months in vivo due to reprogramming of myeloid progenitor cells. Additionally, certain nonimmune cells are also found to exhibit trained immunity characteristics. Thus, trained immunity presents an exciting framework to develop new approaches to vaccination and also novel pharmacological targets in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Tercan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (H.T., N.P.R., L.A.B.J., M.G.N., S.B.)
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (H.T., N.P.R., L.A.B.J., M.G.N., S.B.)
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (H.T., N.P.R., L.A.B.J., M.G.N., S.B.).,Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (L.A.B.J.)
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (H.T., N.P.R., L.A.B.J., M.G.N., S.B.).,Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Germany (M.G.N.)
| | - Siroon Bekkering
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (H.T., N.P.R., L.A.B.J., M.G.N., S.B.)
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118
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Abstract
A recent technological advance that shows promise for applications in health care, including transplantation medicine, is the implementation of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles can be composed of a variety of organic or inorganic materials and confer many advantages over conventional treatments available, such as low toxicity, low-effective dosage required, and a high degree of manipulability. Although also used for imaging and diagnostics, nanoparticles' utility as a drug or genetic delivery system is of particular interest in transplantation medicine. Currently, researchers are exploring options to integrate nanoparticles into both diagnostics and therapy for both grafts ex-situ before transplantation and for patients following transplantation. These studies have demonstrated that nanoparticles can mitigate damage to organs and patients through a large variety of mechanisms-ranging from the induction of cellular genetic changes to the enhancement of immunosuppressive drug delivery. Specifically, with the advent of machine perfusion preservation ex vivo, treatment of the graft became a very attractive approach and nanoparticles have great potential. However, before nanoparticles can be translated into clinical use, their short-term and long-term toxicity must be thoroughly characterized, especially with regards to their interactions with other biological molecules present in the human body.
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119
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Italiani P, Della Camera G, Boraschi D. Induction of Innate Immune Memory by Engineered Nanoparticles in Monocytes/Macrophages: From Hypothesis to Reality. Front Immunol 2020; 11:566309. [PMID: 33123137 PMCID: PMC7573069 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.566309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of engineered nanoparticles to activate cells of the innate immune system, in particular monocytes and macrophages, is considered at the basis of their toxic/inflammatory effects. It is, however, evident that even nanoparticles that do not directly induce inflammatory activation, and are therefore considered as safe, can nevertheless induce epigenetic modifications and affect metabolic pathways in monocytes and macrophages. Since epigenetic and metabolic changes are the main mechanisms of innate memory, we had previously proposed that nanoparticles can induce/modulate innate memory, that is, have the ability of shaping the secondary response to inflammatory challenges. In light of new data, it is now possible to support the original hypothesis and show that different types of nanoparticles can both directly induce innate memory, priming macrophages for a more potent response to subsequent stimuli, and modulate bacteria-induced memory by attenuating the priming-induced enhancement. This evidence raises two important issues. First, in addition to overt toxic/inflammatory effects, we should consider evaluating the capacity to induce innate memory and the related epigenetic and metabolic changes in the immunosafety assessment of nanomaterials, since modulation of innate memory may be at the basis of long-term unwanted immunological effects. The other important consideration is that this capacity of nanomaterials could open a new avenue in immunomodulation and the possibility of using engineered nanomaterials for improving immune responses to vaccines and resistance to infections, and modulate anomalous immune/inflammatory reactions in chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmunity, and a range of other immune-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Italiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Della Camera
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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120
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Trained Innate Immunity by Repeated Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Injections Displays Long-Term Neuroprotective Effects. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8191079. [PMID: 33061831 PMCID: PMC7547335 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8191079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted immune response is an important feature of many neurodegenerative conditions, including sepsis-associated cognitive impairment. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that immune memory occurs in microglia, which has a significant impact on pathological hallmarks of neurological diseases. However, it remains unclear whether immune memory can cause subsequent alterations in the brain immune response and affect neurobehavioral outcomes in sepsis survivors. In the present study, mice received daily intraperitoneal injection of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.1 mg/kg) for three consecutive days to induce immune memory (immune tolerance) and then were subjected to sham operation or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) 9 months later, followed by a battery of neurobehavioral and biochemical studies. Here, we showed that repeated low-dose LPS injection-induced immune memory protected mice from sepsis-induced cognitive and affective impairments, which were accompanied by significantly decreased brain proinflammatory cytokines and immune response. In conclusion, our study suggests that modulation of brain immune responses by repeated LPS injections confers neuroprotective effects by preventing overactivated immune response in response to subsequent septic insult.
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Li T, Zhang Z, Bartolacci JG, Dwyer GK, Liu Q, Mathews LR, Velayutham M, Roessing AS, Lee YC, Dai H, Shiva S, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Dziki JL, Mullet SJ, Wendell SG, Wilkinson JD, Webber SA, Wood-Trageser M, Watkins SC, Demetris AJ, Hussey GS, Badylak SF, Turnquist HR. Graft IL-33 regulates infiltrating macrophages to protect against chronic rejection. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5397-5412. [PMID: 32644975 PMCID: PMC7524467 DOI: 10.1172/jci133008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alarmins, sequestered self-molecules containing damage-associated molecular patterns, are released during tissue injury to drive innate immune cell proinflammatory responses. Whether endogenous negative regulators controlling early immune responses are also released at the site of injury is poorly understood. Herein, we establish that the stromal cell-derived alarmin interleukin 33 (IL-33) is a local factor that directly restricts the proinflammatory capacity of graft-infiltrating macrophages early after transplantation. By assessing heart transplant recipient samples and using a mouse heart transplant model, we establish that IL-33 is upregulated in allografts to limit chronic rejection. Mouse cardiac transplants lacking IL-33 displayed dramatically accelerated vascular occlusion and subsequent fibrosis, which was not due to altered systemic immune responses. Instead, a lack of graft IL-33 caused local augmentation of proinflammatory iNOS+ macrophages that accelerated graft loss. IL-33 facilitated a metabolic program in macrophages associated with reparative and regulatory functions, and local delivery of IL-33 prevented the chronic rejection of IL-33-deficient cardiac transplants. Therefore, IL-33 represents what we believe is a novel regulatory alarmin in transplantation that limits chronic rejection by restraining the local activation of proinflammatory macrophages. The local delivery of IL-33 in extracellular matrix-based materials may be a promising biologic for chronic rejection prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfang Li
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Kidney Transplantation and
| | - Zhongqiang Zhang
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Organ Transplantation and General Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Joe G. Bartolacci
- Department of Surgery and
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and
| | - Gaelen K. Dwyer
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisa R. Mathews
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Murugesan Velayutham
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute and
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna S. Roessing
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yoojin C. Lee
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Helong Dai
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Kidney Transplantation and
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood, Vascular Medicine Institute and
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martin H. Oberbarnscheidt
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jenna L. Dziki
- Department of Surgery and
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and
| | - Steven J. Mullet
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Health Sciences Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core and
- Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stacy G. Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Health Sciences Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core and
- Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James D. Wilkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steven A. Webber
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michelle Wood-Trageser
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony J. Demetris
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and
- Department of Pathology and
| | - George S. Hussey
- Department of Surgery and
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- Department of Surgery and
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hēth R. Turnquist
- Department of Surgery and
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Desgres M, Menasché P. Clinical Translation of Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapies: Challenges and Considerations. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 25:594-606. [PMID: 31703770 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the clinical outcomes of cell therapy trials have not met initial expectations, emerging evidence suggests that injury-mediated tissue damage might benefit from the delivery of cells or their secreted products. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are promising cell sources primarily because of their capacity to generate stage- and lineage-specific differentiated derivatives. However, they carry inherent challenges for safe and efficacious clinical translation. This Review describes completed or ongoing trials of PSCs, discusses their potential mechanisms of action, and considers how to address the challenges required for them to become a major therapy, using heart repair as a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Desgres
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Menasché
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, 75015 Paris, France; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
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123
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Riksen NP, Netea MG. Immunometabolic control of trained immunity. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 77:100897. [PMID: 32891423 PMCID: PMC7466946 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune cells can adopt long-term inflammatory phenotypes following brief encounters with exogenous (microbial) or endogenous stimuli. This phenomenon is named trained immunity and can improve host defense against (recurrent) infections. In contrast, trained immunity can also be maladaptive in the context of chronic inflammatory disorders, such as atherosclerosis. Key to future therapeutic exploitation of this mechanism is thorough knowledge of the mechanisms driving trained immunity, which can be used as pharmacological targets. These mechanisms include profound changes in intracellular metabolism, which are closely intertwined with epigenetic reprogramming at the level of histone modifications. Glycolysis, glutamine replenishment of the tricarboxylic acid cycle with accumulation of fumarate, and the mevalonate pathway have all been identified as critical pathways for trained immunity in monocytes and macrophages. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of how these metabolic pathways interact with epigenetic programs to develop trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels P Riksen
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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124
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Frye CC, Bery AI, Kreisel D, Kulkarni HS. Sterile inflammation in thoracic transplantation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:581-601. [PMID: 32803398 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03615-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The life-saving benefits of organ transplantation can be thwarted by allograft dysfunction due to both infectious and sterile inflammation post-surgery. Sterile inflammation can occur after necrotic cell death due to the release of endogenous ligands [such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and alarmins], which perpetuate inflammation and ongoing cellular injury via various signaling cascades. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a significant contributor to sterile inflammation after organ transplantation and is associated with detrimental short- and long-term outcomes. While the vicious cycle of sterile inflammation and cellular injury is remarkably consistent amongst different organs and even species, we have begun understanding its mechanistic basis only over the last few decades. This understanding has resulted in the developments of novel, yet non-specific therapies for mitigating IRI-induced graft damage, albeit with moderate results. Thus, further understanding of the mechanisms underlying sterile inflammation after transplantation is critical for identifying personalized therapies to prevent or interrupt this vicious cycle and mitigating allograft dysfunction. In this review, we identify common and distinct pathways of post-transplant sterile inflammation across both heart and lung transplantation that can potentially be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Corbin Frye
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Amit I Bery
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8052, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, Campus Box 8052, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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125
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Siu JH, Motallebzadeh R, Pettigrew GJ. Humoral autoimmunity after solid organ transplantation: Germinal ideas may not be natural. Cell Immunol 2020; 354:104131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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126
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Shah S, DeBerge M, Iovane A, Yan S, Qiu L, Wang JJ, Kanwar YS, Hummel M, Zhang ZJ, Abecassis MM, Luo X, Thorp EB. MCMV Dissemination from Latently-Infected Allografts Following Transplantation into Pre-Tolerized Recipients. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080607. [PMID: 32722544 PMCID: PMC7460028 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation tolerance is achieved when recipients are unresponsive to donor alloantigen yet mobilize against third-party antigens, including virus. After transplantation, cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in latently-infected transplants reduces allograft viability. To determine if pre-tolerized recipients are resistant to viral dissemination in this setting, we transfused chemically-fixed donor splenocytes (1-ethyl-3- (3′-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-carbo-diimide (ECDI)-treated splenocytes (ECDIsp)) to induce donor antigen tolerance without immunosuppression. In parallel, we implanted donor islet cells to validate operational tolerance. These pre-tolerized recipients were implanted with murine CMV (MCMV) latently-infected donor kidneys (a validated model of CMV latency) to monitor graft inflammation and viral dissemination. Our results indicate that tolerance to donor islets was sustained in recipients after implantation of donor kidneys. In addition, kidney allografts implanted after ECDIsp and islet implantation exhibited low levels of fibrosis and tubulitis. In contrast, kidney cellular and innate immune infiltrates trended higher in the CMV group and exhibited increased markers of CD8+ T cell activation. Tolerance induction was unable to prevent increases in MCMV-specific CD8+ T cells or dissemination of viral IE-1 DNA. Our data suggest that latently-infected allografts are inherently more susceptible to inflammation that is associated with viral dissemination in pre-tolerized recipients. Thus, CMV latently-infected allografts require enhanced strategies to protect allograft integrity and viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
| | - Matthew DeBerge
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (M.D.); (Y.S.K.)
| | - Andre Iovane
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.I.); (S.Y.); (L.Q.); (J.-J.W.); (M.H.); (Z.J.Z.)
| | - Shixian Yan
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.I.); (S.Y.); (L.Q.); (J.-J.W.); (M.H.); (Z.J.Z.)
| | - Longhui Qiu
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.I.); (S.Y.); (L.Q.); (J.-J.W.); (M.H.); (Z.J.Z.)
| | - Jiao-Jing Wang
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.I.); (S.Y.); (L.Q.); (J.-J.W.); (M.H.); (Z.J.Z.)
| | - Yashpal S. Kanwar
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (M.D.); (Y.S.K.)
| | - Mary Hummel
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.I.); (S.Y.); (L.Q.); (J.-J.W.); (M.H.); (Z.J.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zheng J. Zhang
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.I.); (S.Y.); (L.Q.); (J.-J.W.); (M.H.); (Z.J.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Xunrong Luo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA;
| | - Edward B. Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (M.D.); (Y.S.K.)
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.I.); (S.Y.); (L.Q.); (J.-J.W.); (M.H.); (Z.J.Z.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-312-503-4309
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127
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Segura E. Cross-dressed cDC1s instruct T cells in allorecognition. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 98:520-523. [PMID: 32533595 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new model has been proposed by Li et al. for the role of DC subsets in the semidirect pathway of allorecognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Segura
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U932, 26 Rue d'Ulm, Paris, France
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128
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Thomson AW, Tevar AD. Kidney transplantation: a safe step forward for regulatory immune cell therapy. Lancet 2020; 395:1589-1591. [PMID: 32446400 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angus W Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA.
| | - Amit D Tevar
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA
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129
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Thorp EB, Boada C, Jarbath C, Luo X. Nanoparticle Platforms for Antigen-Specific Immune Tolerance. Front Immunol 2020; 11:945. [PMID: 32508829 PMCID: PMC7251028 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovative approaches in nanoparticle design have facilitated the creation of new formulations of nanoparticles that are capable of selectively calibrating the immune response. These nanomaterials may be engineered to interact with specific cellular and molecular targets. Recent advancements in nanoparticle synthesis have enabled surface functionalization of particles that mimic the diversity of ligands on the cell surface. Platforms synthesized using these design principles, called "biomimetic" nanoparticles, have achieved increasingly sophisticated targeting specificity and cellular trafficking capabilities. This holds great promise for next generation therapies that seek to achieve immune tolerance. In this review, we discuss the importance of physical design parameters including size, shape, and biomimetic surface functionalization, on the biodistribution, safety and efficacy of biologic nanoparticles. We will also explore potential applications for immune tolerance for organ or stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B. Thorp
- Departments of Pathology & Pediatrics at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Christian Boada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Clarens Jarbath
- Departments of Pathology & Pediatrics at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Transplant Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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130
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Cauwels A, Tavernier J. Tolerizing Strategies for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases: From ex vivo to in vivo Strategies. Front Immunol 2020; 11:674. [PMID: 32477325 PMCID: PMC7241419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), type I diabetes (T1D), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic, incurable, incapacitating and at times even lethal conditions. Worldwide, millions of people are affected, predominantly women, and their number is steadily increasing. Currently, autoimmune patients require lifelong immunosuppressive therapy, often accompanied by severe adverse side effects and risks. Targeting the fundamental cause of autoimmunity, which is the loss of tolerance to self- or innocuous antigens, may be achieved via various mechanisms. Recently, tolerance-inducing cellular therapies, such as tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), have gained considerable interest. Their safety has already been evaluated in patients with MS, arthritis, T1D, and Crohn’s disease, and clinical trials are underway to confirm their safety and therapeutic potential. Cell-based therapies are inevitably expensive and time-consuming, requiring laborious ex vivo manufacturing. Therefore, direct in vivo targeting of tolerogenic cell types offers an attractive alternative, and several strategies are being explored. Type I IFN was the first disease-modifying therapy approved for MS patients, and approaches to endogenously induce IFN in autoimmune diseases are being pursued vigorously. We here review and discuss tolerogenic cellular therapies and targeted in vivo tolerance approaches and propose a novel strategy for cell-specific delivery of type I IFN signaling to a cell type of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anje Cauwels
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Orionis Biosciences, Ghent, Belgium
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131
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Dai H, Lan P, Zhao D, Abou-Daya K, Liu W, Chen W, Friday AJ, Williams AL, Sun T, Chen J, Chen W, Mortin-Toth S, Danska JS, Wiebe C, Nickerson P, Li T, Mathews LR, Turnquist HR, Nicotra ML, Gingras S, Takayama E, Kubagawa H, Shlomchik MJ, Oberbarnscheidt MH, Li XC, Lakkis FG. PIRs mediate innate myeloid cell memory to nonself MHC molecules. Science 2020; 368:1122-1127. [PMID: 32381589 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax4040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory specific to previously encountered antigens is a cardinal feature of adaptive lymphoid cells. However, it is unknown whether innate myeloid cells retain memory of prior antigenic stimulation and respond to it more vigorously on subsequent encounters. In this work, we show that murine monocytes and macrophages acquire memory specific to major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) antigens, and we identify A-type paired immunoglobulin-like receptors (PIR-As) as the MHC-I receptors necessary for the memory response. We demonstrate that deleting PIR-A in the recipient or blocking PIR-A binding to donor MHC-I molecules blocks memory and attenuates kidney and heart allograft rejection. Thus, innate myeloid cells acquire alloantigen-specific memory that can be targeted to improve transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehua Dai
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peixiang Lan
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daqiang Zhao
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Khodor Abou-Daya
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wentao Liu
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Friday
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Amanda L Williams
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jianjiao Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven Mortin-Toth
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jayne S Danska
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Immunology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chris Wiebe
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peter Nickerson
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tengfang Li
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lisa R Mathews
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hêth R Turnquist
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew L Nicotra
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine (CEBaM), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sebastien Gingras
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eiji Takayama
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kubagawa
- Humoral Immune Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark J Shlomchik
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martin H Oberbarnscheidt
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xian C Li
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fadi G Lakkis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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132
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Schroth S, Glinton K, Luo X, Thorp EB. Innate Functions of Dendritic Cell Subsets in Cardiac Allograft Tolerance. Front Immunol 2020; 11:869. [PMID: 32431717 PMCID: PMC7214785 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival rates after heart transplant have significantly improved over the last decade. Nevertheless, long-term allograft viability after 10 years remains poor and the sequelae of transplant-associated immunosuppression increases morbidity. Although several studies have implicated roles for lymphocyte-mediated rejection, less is understood with respect to non-major histocompatibility, and innate immune reactivity, which influence graft viability. As immature and mature dendritic cells (DCs) engage in both Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-dependent and MHC-independent immune responses, these cells are at the crossroads of therapeutic strategies that seek to achieve both allograft tolerance and suppression of innate immunity to the allograft. Here we review emerging roles of DC subsets and their molecular protagonists during allograft tolerance and allograft rejection, with a focus on cardiac transplant. New insight into emerging DC subsets in transplant will inform novel strategies for operational tolerance and amelioration of cardiac vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schroth
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kristofor Glinton
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Edward B. Thorp
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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133
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Bekkering S, Saner C, Riksen NP, Netea MG, Sabin MA, Saffery R, Stienstra R, Burgner DP. Trained Immunity: Linking Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease across the Life-Course? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:378-389. [PMID: 32305098 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic inflammatory disease, is the most prevalent modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms underlying inflammation in obesity are incompletely understood. Recent developments have challenged the dogma of immunological memory occurring exclusively in the adaptive immune system and show that the innate immune system has potential to be reprogrammed. This innate immune memory (trained immunity) is characterized by epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of myeloid cells following endogenous or exogenous stimulation, resulting in enhanced inflammation to subsequent stimuli. Trained immunity phenotypes have now been reported for other immune and non-immune cells. Here, we provide a novel perspective on the putative role of trained immunity in mediating the adverse cardiovascular effects of obesity and highlight potential translational pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siroon Bekkering
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Saner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department for Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthew A Sabin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David P Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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134
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Kopecky BJ, Frye C, Terada Y, Balsara KR, Kreisel D, Lavine KJ. Role of donor macrophages after heart and lung transplantation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:1225-1235. [PMID: 31850651 PMCID: PMC7202685 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1960s, heart and lung transplantation has remained the optimal therapy for patients with end-stage disease, extending and improving quality of life for thousands of individuals annually. Expanding donor organ availability and immunologic compatibility is a priority to help meet the clinical demand for organ transplant. While effective, current immunosuppression is imperfect as it lacks specificity and imposes unintended adverse effects such as opportunistic infections and malignancy that limit the health and longevity of transplant recipients. In this review, we focus on donor macrophages as a new target to achieve allograft tolerance. Donor organ-directed therapies have the potential to improve allograft survival while minimizing patient harm related to global suppression of recipient immune responses. Topics highlighted include the role of ontogenically distinct donor macrophage populations in ischemia-reperfusion injury and rejection, including their interaction with allograft-infiltrating recipient immune cells and potential therapeutic approaches. Ultimately, a better understanding of how donor intrinsic immunity influences allograft acceptance and survival will provide new opportunities to improve the outcomes of transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Frye
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Yuriko Terada
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Keki R. Balsara
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
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135
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Iglesias-Escudero M, Sansegundo-Arribas D, Riquelme P, Merino-Fernández D, Guiral-Foz S, Pérez C, Valero R, Ruiz JC, Rodrigo E, Lamadrid-Perojo P, Hutchinson JA, Ochando J, López-Hoyos M. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Kidney Transplant Recipients and the Effect of Maintenance Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:643. [PMID: 32425928 PMCID: PMC7203496 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent a heterogeneous group of myeloid regulatory cells that were originally described in cancer. Several studies in animal models point to MDSC as important players in the induction of allograft tolerance due to their immune modulatory function. Most of the published studies have been performed in animal models, and the data addressing MDSCs in human organ transplantation are scarce. We evaluated the phenotype and function of different MDSCs subsets in 38 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) at different time points. Our data indicate that monocytic MDSCs (Mo-MDSC) increase in KTR at 6 and 12 months posttransplantation. On the contrary, the percentages of polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC) and early-stage MDSC (e-MDSC) are not significantly increased. We evaluated the immunosuppressive activity of Mo-MDSC in KTR and confirmed their ability to increase regulatory T cells (Treg) in vitro. Interestingly, when we compared the ability of Mo-MDSC to suppress T cell proliferation, we observed that tacrolimus, but not rapamycin-treated KTR, was able to inhibit CD4+ T cell proliferation in vitro. This indicates that, although mTOR inhibitors are widely regarded as supportive of regulatory responses, rapamycin may impair Mo-MDSC function, and suggests that the choice of immunosuppressive therapy may determine the tolerogenic pathway and participating immune cells that promote organ transplant acceptance in KTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Iglesias-Escudero
- Transplantation and Autoimmunity Group, Marqués de Valdecilla Health Research Institute (IDIVAL) Santander, Spain
| | - David Sansegundo-Arribas
- Transplantation and Autoimmunity Group, Marqués de Valdecilla Health Research Institute (IDIVAL) Santander, Spain.,Department of Immunology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Paloma Riquelme
- Section of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Merino-Fernández
- Transplantation and Autoimmunity Group, Marqués de Valdecilla Health Research Institute (IDIVAL) Santander, Spain
| | - Sandra Guiral-Foz
- Transplantation and Autoimmunity Group, Marqués de Valdecilla Health Research Institute (IDIVAL) Santander, Spain.,Department of Immunology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez
- Transplantation and Autoimmunity Group, Marqués de Valdecilla Health Research Institute (IDIVAL) Santander, Spain
| | - Rosalia Valero
- Transplantation and Autoimmunity Group, Marqués de Valdecilla Health Research Institute (IDIVAL) Santander, Spain.,Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ruiz
- Transplantation and Autoimmunity Group, Marqués de Valdecilla Health Research Institute (IDIVAL) Santander, Spain.,Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Emilio Rodrigo
- Transplantation and Autoimmunity Group, Marqués de Valdecilla Health Research Institute (IDIVAL) Santander, Spain.,Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Patricia Lamadrid-Perojo
- Transplantation and Autoimmunity Group, Marqués de Valdecilla Health Research Institute (IDIVAL) Santander, Spain
| | - James A Hutchinson
- Section of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Immunología de Trasplantes, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos López-Hoyos
- Transplantation and Autoimmunity Group, Marqués de Valdecilla Health Research Institute (IDIVAL) Santander, Spain.,Department of Immunology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
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136
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Adaptive features of innate immune cells and their relevance to graft rejection. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2020; 24:664-669. [PMID: 31577598 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allograft rejection involves both innate and adaptive immune cells, and the adaptive immune cells have dominated transplant studies for decades. Recent studies have identified surprising new features for the innate immune cells, including memory recall responses, which may have significant implications in further improvement of transplant outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Transplant survival is excellent in the short-term, but the long-term graft outcomes are not so, and most grafts are continuously lost to chronic rejection in the clinic. In both animal models and clinical settings, graft loss to chronic rejection is often dominated by innate immune cells, especially macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells in the grafts. Recent studies suggest that innate immune cells can acquire features of adaptive cells in that they either directly sense allogeneic nonself or become 'trained' in the allogeneic milieu, where they show features of memory recall responses. In certain models, targeting the adaptive features of such innate immune cells can promote long-term allograft survival. These findings may open new therapeutic opportunities in promoting transplant survival in the clinic. SUMMARY The discovery of donor specificity and memory recall responses of certain innate immune cells, which are prominently featured in chronic allograft rejection, may open novel therapeutic opportunities in transplantation, as well as in treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases.
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137
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although organ transplantation has become the standard life-saving strategy for patients with end-stage organ failure and those with malignancies, effective and safe therapeutic strategies to combat allograft loss remain to be established. With the emerging evidence suggesting the critical role of innate immunity in the mechanism of allograft injury, we summarize the latest understanding of macrophage-neutrophil cross-communication and discuss therapeutic prospects of their targeting in transplant recipients. RECENT FINDINGS Macrophages and neutrophils contribute to the pathogenesis of early peritransplant ischemia-reperfusion injury and subsequent allograft rejection immune cascade, primarily by exacerbating inflammatory response and tissue damage. Noteworthy, recent advances enabled to elucidate multifaceted functions of innate immune cells, which are not only deleterious but may also prove graft-protective. Indeed, the efficacy of macrophage polarizing regimens or macrophage-targeted migration have been recognized to create graft-protective local environment. Moreover, novel molecular mechanisms in the neutrophil function have been identified, such as neutrophil extracellular traps, tissue-repairing capability, crosstalk with macrophages and T cells as well as reverse migration into the circulation. SUMMARY As efficient strategies to manage allograft rejection and improve transplant outcomes are lacking, newly discovered, and therapeutically attractive innate immune cell functions warrant comprehensive preclinical and clinical attention.
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138
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139
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Eppler HB, Jewell CM. Biomaterials as Tools to Decode Immunity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903367. [PMID: 31782844 PMCID: PMC7124992 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The immune system has remarkable capabilities to combat disease with exquisite selectivity. This feature has enabled vaccines that provide protection for decades and, more recently, advances in immunotherapies that can cure some cancers. Greater control over how immune signals are presented, delivered, and processed will help drive even more powerful options that are also safe. Such advances will be underpinned by new tools that probe how immune signals are integrated by immune cells and tissues. Biomaterials are valuable resources to support this goal, offering robust, tunable properties. The growing role of biomaterials as tools to dissect immune function in fundamental and translational contexts is highlighted. These technologies can serve as tools to understand the immune system across molecular, cellular, and tissue length scales. A common theme is exploiting biomaterial features to rationally direct how specific immune cells or organs encounter a signal. This precision strategy, enabled by distinct material properties, allows isolation of immunological parameters or processes in a way that is challenging with conventional approaches. The utility of these capabilities is demonstrated through examples in vaccines for infectious disease and cancer immunotherapy, as well as settings of immune regulation that include autoimmunity and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh B Eppler
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 8278 Paint Brach Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Biological Sciences Training Program, 1247 Biology Psychology Building, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 8278 Paint Brach Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Biological Sciences Training Program, 1247 Biology Psychology Building, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10. N Green Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-I Suite 380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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140
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Caër C, Wick MJ. Human Intestinal Mononuclear Phagocytes in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:410. [PMID: 32256490 PMCID: PMC7093381 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a complex immune-mediated disease of the gastrointestinal tract that increases morbidity and negatively influences the quality of life. Intestinal mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) have a crucial role in maintaining epithelial barrier integrity while controlling pathogen invasion by activating an appropriate immune response. However, in genetically predisposed individuals, uncontrolled immune activation to intestinal flora is thought to underlie the chronic mucosal inflammation that can ultimately result in IBD. Thus, MNPs are involved in fine-tuning mucosal immune system responsiveness and have a critical role in maintaining homeostasis or, potentially, the emergence of IBD. MNPs include monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, which are functionally diverse but highly complementary. Despite their crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, specific functions of human MNP subsets are poorly understood, especially during diseases such as IBD. Here we review the current understanding of MNP ontogeny, as well as the recently identified human intestinal MNP subsets, and discuss their role in health and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Caër
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mary Jo Wick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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141
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Netea MG, Domínguez-Andrés J, Barreiro LB, Chavakis T, Divangahi M, Fuchs E, Joosten LAB, van der Meer JWM, Mhlanga MM, Mulder WJM, Riksen NP, Schlitzer A, Schultze JL, Stabell Benn C, Sun JC, Xavier RJ, Latz E. Defining trained immunity and its role in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:375-388. [PMID: 32132681 PMCID: PMC7186935 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1280] [Impact Index Per Article: 320.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune memory is a defining feature of the acquired immune system, but activation of the innate immune system can also result in enhanced responsiveness to subsequent triggers. This process has been termed ‘trained immunity’, a de facto innate immune memory. Research in the past decade has pointed to the broad benefits of trained immunity for host defence but has also suggested potentially detrimental outcomes in immune-mediated and chronic inflammatory diseases. Here we define ‘trained immunity’ as a biological process and discuss the innate stimuli and the epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming events that shape the induction of trained immunity. Here a group of leaders in the field define our current understanding of ‘trained immunity’, which refers to the memory-type responses that occur in the innate immune system. The authors discuss our current understanding of the key epigenetic and metabolic processes involved in trained immunity and consider its relevance in immune-mediated diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands. .,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands. .,Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jorge Domínguez-Andrés
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Genetics Section, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jos W M van der Meer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Musa M Mhlanga
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Gene Expression and Biophysics Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schlitzer
- Myeloid Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine Stabell Benn
- Bandim Health Project, OPEN, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany.
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142
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Bosch L, de Haan JJ, Seijkens TT, van Tiel CM, Brans MA, Pasterkamp G, Lutgens E, de Jager SC. The therapeutic potential of targeting CD40-TRAF6 pathway in cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Cardiol 2020; 300:220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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143
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Mulder WJM, Ochando J, Joosten LAB, Fayad ZA, Netea MG. Therapeutic targeting of trained immunity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 18:553-566. [PMID: 30967658 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is revolutionizing the treatment of diseases in which dysregulated immune responses have an important role. However, most of the immunotherapy strategies currently being developed engage the adaptive immune system. In the past decade, both myeloid (monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells) and lymphoid (natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells) cell populations of the innate immune system have been shown to display long-term changes in their functional programme through metabolic and epigenetic programming. Such reprogramming causes these cells to be either hyperresponsive or hyporesponsive, resulting in a changed immune response to secondary stimuli. This de facto innate immune memory, which has been termed 'trained immunity', provides a powerful 'targeting framework' to regulate the delicate balance of immune homeostasis, priming, training and tolerance. In this Opinion article, we set out our vision of how to target innate immune cells and regulate trained immunity to achieve long-term therapeutic benefits in a range of immune-related diseases. These include conditions characterized by excessive trained immunity, such as inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, allergies and cardiovascular disease and conditions driven by defective trained immunity, such as cancer and certain infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem J M Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Transplant Immunology Unit, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands. .,Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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144
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Advances in understanding molecular regulation of innate immune memory. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 63:68-75. [PMID: 31991317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic and functional reprogramming of immune genes during induction of trained immunity is accompanied by the metabolic rewiring of cellular state. This memory is induced in the hematopoietic niche and propagated to daughter cells, generating epigenetically and metabolically reprogrammed innate immune cells that are greatly enhanced in their capacity to resolve inflammation. In particular, these cells show accumulation of H3K4me3 and H3K27Ac epigenetic marks on multiple immune gene promoters and associated enhancers. However, the mechanism governing how these epigenetic marks accumulate at discrete immune gene loci has been poorly understood, until now. Here, we discuss some recent advances in the regulation of trained immunity, with a particular focus on the mechanistic role of a novel class of long non-coding RNAs in the establishment of epigenetic marks on trained immune gene promoters.
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145
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Ochando J, Fayad ZA, Madsen JC, Netea MG, Mulder WJM. Trained immunity in organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:10-18. [PMID: 31561273 PMCID: PMC6940521 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Consistent induction of donor-specific unresponsiveness in the absence of continuous immunosuppressive therapy and toxic effects remains a difficult task in clinical organ transplantation. Transplant immunologists have developed numerous experimental treatments that target antigen-presentation (signal 1), costimulation (signal 2), and cytokine production (signal 3) to establish transplantation tolerance. While promising results have been obtained using therapeutic approaches that predominantly target the adaptive immune response, the long-term graft survival rates remain suboptimal. This suggests the existence of unrecognized allograft rejection mechanisms that contribute to organ failure. We postulate that trained immunity stimulatory pathways are critical to the immune response that mediates graft loss. Trained immunity is a recently discovered functional program of the innate immune system, which is characterized by nonpermanent epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of macrophages. Since trained macrophages upregulate costimulatory molecules (signal 2) and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines (signal 3), they contribute to potent graft reactive immune responses and organ transplant rejection. In this review, we summarize the detrimental effects of trained immunity in the context of organ transplantation and describe pathways that induce macrophage training associated with graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York,Transplant Immunology UnitNational Center of MicrobiologyInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- Department of RadiologyTranslational and Molecular Imaging InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York
| | - Joren C. Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences and Division of Cardiac SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusetts
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious DiseasesRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands,Department for Genomics & ImmunoregulationLife and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES)University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Willem J. M. Mulder
- Department of Oncological SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York,Department of RadiologyTranslational and Molecular Imaging InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York,Laboratory of Chemical BiologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringInstitute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
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146
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Pérez-Medina C, Teunissen AJ, Kluza E, Mulder WJ, van der Meel R. Nuclear imaging approaches facilitating nanomedicine translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 154-155:123-141. [PMID: 32721459 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine approaches can effectively modulate the biodistribution and bioavailability of therapeutic agents, improving their therapeutic index. However, despite the ever-increasing amount of literature reporting on preclinical nanomedicine, the number of nanotherapeutics receiving FDA approval remains relatively low. Several barriers exist that hamper the effective preclinical evaluation and clinical translation of nanotherapeutics. Key barriers include insufficient understanding of nanomedicines' in vivo behavior, inadequate translation from murine models to larger animals, and a lack of patient stratification strategies. Integrating quantitative non-invasive imaging techniques in nanomedicine development offers attractive possibilities to address these issues. Among the available imaging techniques, nuclear imaging by positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are highly attractive in this context owing to their quantitative nature and uncontested sensitivity. In basic and translational research, nuclear imaging techniques can provide critical quantitative information about pharmacokinetic parameters, biodistribution profiles or target site accumulation of nanocarriers and their associated payload. During clinical evaluation, nuclear imaging can be used to select patients amenable to nanomedicine treatment. Here, we review how nuclear imaging-based approaches are increasingly being integrated into nanomedicine development and discuss future developments that will accelerate their clinical translation.
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147
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Noor HB, Mou NA, Salem L, Shimul MF, Biswas S, Akther R, Khan S, Raihan S, Mohib MM, Sagor MA. Anti-inflammatory Property of AMP-activated Protein Kinase. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2-41. [PMID: 31530260 PMCID: PMC7460777 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190830100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the many debated topics in inflammation research is whether this scenario is really an accelerated form of human wound healing and immunityboosting or a push towards autoimmune diseases. The answer requires a better understanding of the normal inflammatory process, including the molecular pathology underlying the possible outcomes. Exciting recent investigations regarding severe human inflammatory disorders and autoimmune conditions have implicated molecular changes that are also linked to normal immunity, such as triggering factors, switching on and off, the influence of other diseases and faulty stem cell homeostasis, in disease progression and development. METHODS We gathered around and collected recent online researches on immunity, inflammation, inflammatory disorders and AMPK. We basically searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar to assemble the studies which were published since 2010. RESULTS Our findings suggested that inflammation and related disorders are on the verge and interfere in the treatment of other diseases. AMPK serves as a key component that prevents various kinds of inflammatory signaling. In addition, our table and hypothetical figures may open a new door in inflammation research, which could be a greater therapeutic target for controlling diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance and preventing autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSION The relationship between immunity and inflammation becomes easily apparent. Yet, the essence of inflammation turns out to be so startling that the theory may not be instantly established and many possible arguments are raised for its clearance. However, this study might be able to reveal some possible approaches where AMPK can reduce or prevent inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Md A.T. Sagor
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Tel: +8801719130130; E-mail:
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148
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Beldman T, Malinova TS, Desclos E, Grootemaat AE, Misiak ALS, van der Velden S, van Roomen CPAA, Beckers L, van Veen HA, Krawczyk PM, Hoebe RA, Sluimer JC, Neele AE, de Winther MPJ, van der Wel NN, Lutgens E, Mulder WJM, Huveneers S, Kluza E. Nanoparticle-Aided Characterization of Arterial Endothelial Architecture during Atherosclerosis Progression and Metabolic Therapy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13759-13774. [PMID: 31268670 PMCID: PMC6933811 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is associated with a compromised endothelial barrier, facilitating the accumulation of immune cells and macromolecules in atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, we investigate endothelial barrier integrity and the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect during atherosclerosis progression and therapy in Apoe-/- mice using hyaluronan nanoparticles (HA-NPs). Utilizing ultrastructural and en face plaque imaging, we uncover a significantly decreased junction continuity in the atherosclerotic plaque-covering endothelium compared to the normal vessel wall, indicative of disrupted endothelial barrier. Intriguingly, the plaque advancement had a positive effect on junction stabilization, which correlated with a 3-fold lower accumulation of in vivo administrated HA-NPs in advanced plaques compared to early counterparts. Furthermore, by using super-resolution and correlative light and electron microscopy, we trace nanoparticles in the plaque microenvironment. We find nanoparticle-enriched endothelial junctions, containing 75% of detected HA-NPs, and a high HA-NP accumulation in the endothelium-underlying extracellular matrix, which suggest an endothelial junctional traffic of HA-NPs to the plague. Finally, we probe the EPR effect by HA-NPs in the context of metabolic therapy with a glycolysis inhibitor, 3PO, proposed as a vascular normalizing strategy. The observed trend of attenuated HA-NP uptake in aortas of 3PO-treated mice coincides with the endothelial silencing activity of 3PO, demonstrated in vitro. Interestingly, the therapy also reduced the plaque inflammatory burden, while activating macrophage metabolism. Our findings shed light on natural limitations of nanoparticle accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques and provide mechanistic insight into nanoparticle trafficking across the atherosclerotic endothelium. Furthermore, our data contribute to the rising field of endothelial barrier modulation in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs
J. Beldman
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Tsveta S. Malinova
- Vascular
Microenvironment and Integrity, Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The
Netherlands
| | - Emilie Desclos
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Anita E. Grootemaat
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Aresh L. S. Misiak
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia van der Velden
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy P. A. A. van Roomen
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Beckers
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A. van Veen
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Przemyslaw M. Krawczyk
- Department
of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University
Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. Hoebe
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Department
of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Annette E. Neele
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P. J. de Winther
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians
University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Nicole N. van der Wel
- Cellular
Imaging-Core Facility, Academic Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians
University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Willem J. M. Mulder
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Translational
and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School
of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Vascular
Microenvironment and Integrity, Department of Medical Biochemistry,
Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The
Netherlands
| | - Ewelina Kluza
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical
Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
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149
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Zaza G, Leventhal J, Signorini L, Gambaro G, Cravedi P. Effects of Antirejection Drugs on Innate Immune Cells After Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2978. [PMID: 31921213 PMCID: PMC6930910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, our understanding of adaptive immune responses to solid organ transplantation increased considerably and allowed development of immunosuppressive drugs targeting key alloreactive T cells mechanism. As a result, rates of acute rejection dropped and short-term graft survival improved significantly. However, long-term outcomes are still disappointing. Recently, increasing evidence supports that innate immune responses plays roles in allograft rejection and represents a valuable target to further improve long-term allograft survival. Innate immune cells are activated by molecules with stereotypical motifs produced during injury (i.e., damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPS) or infection (i.e., pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs). Activated innate immune cells can exert direct pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, while also priming adaptive immune responses. These cells are activated after transplantation by multiple stimuli, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejection, and infections. Data from animal models of graft rejection, show that inhibition of innate immunity promotes development of tolerance. Therefore, understanding mechanisms of innate immunity is important to improve graft outcomes. This review discusses effects of currently used immunosuppressive agents on innate immune responses in kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jeremy Leventhal
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lorenzo Signorini
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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150
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Kempkes RWM, Joosten I, Koenen HJPM, He X. Metabolic Pathways Involved in Regulatory T Cell Functionality. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2839. [PMID: 31849995 PMCID: PMC6902900 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are well-known for their immune regulatory potential and are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis. The rationale of Treg-based immunotherapy for treating autoimmunity and transplant rejection is to tip the immune balance of effector T cell-mediated immune activation and Treg-mediated immune inhibition in favor of Treg cells, either through endogenous Treg expansion strategies or adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded Treg. Compelling evidence indicates that Treg show properties of phenotypic heterogeneity and instability, which has caused considerable debate in the field regarding their correct use. Consequently, for further optimization of Treg-based immunotherapy, it is vital to further our understanding of Treg proliferative, migratory, and suppressive behavior. It is increasingly appreciated that the functional profile of immune cells is highly dependent on their metabolic state. Although the metabolic profiles of effector T cells are progressively understood, little is known on Treg in this respect. The objective of this review is to outline the current knowledge of human Treg metabolic profiles associated with the regulation of Treg functionality. As such information on human Treg is still limited, where information was lacking, we included insightful findings from mouse studies. To assess the available evidence on metabolic pathways involved in Treg functionality, PubMed, and Embase were searched for articles in English indexed before April 28th, 2019 using “regulatory T lymphocyte,” “cell metabolism,” “cell proliferation,” “migration,” “suppressor function,” and related search terms. Removal of duplicates and search of the references was performed manually. We discerned that while glycolysis fuels the biosynthetic and bioenergetic needs necessary for proliferation and migration of human Treg, suppressive capacity is mainly maintained by oxidative metabolism. Based on the knowledge of metabolic differences between Treg and non-Treg cells, we additionally discuss and propose ways of how human Treg metabolism could be exploited for the betterment of tolerance-inducing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie W M Kempkes
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hans J P M Koenen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Xuehui He
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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