101
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Huang L, Teng T, Zhao J, Bian B, Yao W, Yu X, Wang Z, Xu Z, Sun Y. The Relationship Between Serum Zinc Levels, Cardiac Markers and the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction by Zinc Quartiles. Heart Lung Circ 2017; 27:66-72. [PMID: 28408092 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc is one of the most important microelements in the body and zinc homeostasis plays a critical role in maintaining cellular structure and function. Zinc dyshomeostasis can lead to many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to investigate whether there is a relationship between zinc and cardiac markers, and the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by zinc quartiles. METHODS We enrolled a total of 529 patients and measured their serum zinc levels and cardiac markers. We performed further studies after dividing subjects into four groups according to their concentrations of zinc by quartile to clarify the relationship between zinc levels and risk of increased acute myocardial infarction prevalence rate. RESULTS We observed that there was a significant inverse linear relationship between zinc and Lg(creatine kinase) (p=0.011), Lg(creatine kinase-MB) (p=0.002) and Lg(cardiac troponin T) (p=0.045). In addition, the acute myocardial infarction prevalence rates were 28.8%, 24.8%, 20.5%, and 18.2% by patients with zinc quartiles, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio between the lowest and highest zinc quartile groups was 1.92 (1.019-3.604) (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed a relationship between serum zinc levels in that zinc levels were significantly inversely correlated with serum creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CKMB) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) levels. Furthermore, we found that the prevalence rate of acute myocardial infarction decreased with increasing zinc quartiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China
| | - Tianming Teng
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China
| | - Jinyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China
| | - Bo Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China
| | - Xuefang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China
| | - Zhuoqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuemin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China.
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102
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Huang L, Teng T, Bian B, Yao W, Yu X, Wang Z, Xu Z, Sun Y. Zinc Levels in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 176:48-55. [PMID: 27452612 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is one of the most important trace elements in the body and zinc homeostasis plays a critical role in maintaining cellular structure and function. Zinc dyshomeostasis can lead to many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to investigate whether there is a relationship between zinc and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). A total of 519 patients was enrolled and their serum zinc levels were measured in this study. We performed analyses on the relationship between zinc levels and LVH and the four LV geometry pattern patients: normal LV geometry, concentric remodeling, eccentric LVH, and concentric LVH. We performed further linear and multiple regression analyses to confirm the relationship between zinc and left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and relative wall thickness (RWT). Our data showed that zinc levels were 710.2 ± 243.0 μg/L in the control group and were 641.9 ± 215.2 μg/L in LVH patients. We observed that zinc levels were 715 ± 243.5 μg/L, 694.2 ± 242.7 μg/L, 643.7 ± 225.0 μg/L, and 638.7 ± 197.0 μg/L in normal LV geometry, concentric remodeling, eccentric LVH, and concentric LVH patients, respectively. We further found that there was a significant inverse linear relationship between zinc and LVM (p = 0.001) and LVMI (p = 0.000) but did not show a significant relationship with RWT (p = 0.561). Multiple regression analyses confirmed that the linear relationship between zinc and LVM and LVMI remained inversely significant. The present study revealed that serum zinc levels were significantly decreased in the LVH patients, especially in the eccentric LVH and concentric LVH patients. Furthermore, zinc levels were significantly inversely correlated with LVM and LVMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Tianming Teng
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Bo Bian
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xuefang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zhuoqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Yuemin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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103
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Functional and structural studies of a Phospholipase A2-like protein complexed to zinc ions: Insights on its myotoxicity and inhibition mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3199-3209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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104
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Pan Z, Choi S, Ouadid-Ahidouch H, Yang JM, Beattie JH, Korichneva I. Zinc transporters and dysregulated channels in cancers. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2017; 22:623-643. [PMID: 27814637 DOI: 10.2741/4507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As a nutritionally essential metal ion, zinc (Zn) not only constitutes a structural element for more than 3000 proteins but also plays important regulatory functions in cellular signal transduction. Zn homeostasis is tightly controlled by regulating the flux of Zn across cell membranes through specific transporters, i.e. ZnT and ZIP family proteins. Zn deficiency and malfunction of Zn transporters have been associated with many chronic diseases including cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying Zn regulatory functions in cellular signaling and their impact on the pathogenesis and progression of cancers remain largely unknown. In addition to these acknowledged multifunctions, Zn modulates a wide range of ion channels that in turn may also play an important role in cancer biology. The goal of this review is to propose how zinc deficiency, through modified Zn homeostasis, transporter activity and the putative regulatory function of Zn can influence ion channel activity, and thereby contribute to carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. This review intends to stimulate interest in, and support for research into the understanding of Zn-modulated channels in cancers, and to search for novel biomarkers facilitating effective clinical stratification of high risk cancer patients as well as improved prevention and therapy in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Pan
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,
| | - Sangyong Choi
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- University of Picardie Jules Verne, UFR Sciences, EA 4667, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Physiology, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4231), Amiens, France
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Penn State University, 500 University Drive Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - John H Beattie
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Irina Korichneva
- University of Picardie Jules Verne, UFR Sciences, EA 4667, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Physiology, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4231), Amiens, France
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105
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Juriol LV, Gobetto MN, Mendes Garrido Abregú F, Dasso ME, Pineda G, Güttlein L, Carranza A, Podhajcer O, Toblli JE, Elesgaray R, Arranz CT, Tomat AL. Cardiac changes in apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and nitric oxide system induced by prenatal and postnatal zinc deficiency in male and female rats. Eur J Nutr 2016; 57:569-583. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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106
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Chu A, Foster M, Samman S. Zinc Status and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2016; 8:E707. [PMID: 27827959 PMCID: PMC5133094 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element with proposed therapeutic effects in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), however, the associations between zinc status and the prospective risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and Type 2 DM have not been evaluated. The current systematic review aims to determine the relationships between zinc intake or plasma/serum zinc levels and prospective incidence of CVD and Type 2 DM. Fourteen papers describing prospective cohort studies were included, reporting either CVD (n = 91,708) and/or Type 2 DM (n = 334,387) outcomes. Primary analyses from four out of five studies reported no association between zinc intake and CVD events, when adjusted for multiple variables. Higher serum zinc level was associated with lower risk of CVD in three out of five studies; pronounced effects were observed in vulnerable populations, specifically those with Type 2 DM and patients referred to coronary angiography. The limited evidence available suggests no association between zinc status and Type 2 DM risk. Further investigations into the mechanisms of zinc's action on the pathogenesis of chronic diseases and additional evidence from observational studies are required to establish a recommendation for dietary zinc in relation to the prevention of CVD and Type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chu
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Meika Foster
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Samir Samman
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
- Discipline of Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia.
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107
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Ho M, Baur LA, Cowell CT, Samman S, Garnett SP. Zinc status, dietary zinc intake and metabolic risk in Australian children and adolescents; Nepean Longitudinal Study. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:2407-2414. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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108
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109
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Aydogdu A, Haymana C, Soykut B, Erdem O, Basaran Y, Baskoy K, Dinc M, Taslipinar A, Sonmez A, Bolu E, Azal O. Trace Element Levels in Congenital Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:26-32. [PMID: 26343359 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0496-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases are prevalent in hypogonadism. The pathophysiologic mechanism of increased cardiometabolic risk in hypogonadal patients is not clear. Recently, trace elements have been linked to the development of chronic disease especially cardiovascular disease. We investigated the trace element levels in an unconfounded population of congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (CHH) and also searched for the relationship with metabolic risk factors. A total of 89 patients with CHH (mean age 21.8 ± 2.0 years) and 80 healthy control subjects (mean age 21.3 ± 1.1 years) were enrolled. The demographic parameters, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels and plasma zinc, copper, and selenium levels, were measured in patients and healthy controls. The patients had higher waist circumferences (p = 0.014), triglyceride (p = 0.04), insulin (p = 0.004), HOMA-IR levels (p = 0.001), and lower selenium (p = 0.049), zinc (p = 0.004), and copper (p = 0.012) levels when compared to the healthy controls. There was a significant relationship between zinc levels and HOMA-IR levels (p = 0.015). In the regression analysis, zinc levels were independently associated with the calculated HOMA-IR levels (p = 0.015). The results of the present study show that plasma selenium, zinc, and copper levels are decreased in patients with CHH. Also, plasma zinc levels are independently associated with insulin resistance in patients with hypogonadism. Long-term follow-up studies are warranted to investigate the effect of trace elements on the increased cardiometabolic risk in hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aydogdu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - C Haymana
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - B Soykut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - O Erdem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Y Basaran
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - K Baskoy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Haydarpasa Training Hospital, 34668, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Dinc
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Taslipinar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Sonmez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Bolu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Memorial Atasehir Hospital, 34750, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O Azal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane School of Medicine, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
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110
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Ilyas A, Shah MH. Abnormalities of Selected Trace Elements in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2016; 31:518-27. [PMID: 27122917 DOI: 10.6515/acs20150302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery diseases are multifactorial, and over the last several decades particular consideration and research have been devoted to investigating the imbalance of patient elemental levels. Our current study aimed to investigate the comparative distribution of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Cr, Cd and Pb in the blood of coronary artery disease patients and healthy subjects. METHODS Blood samples collected from both groups were digested into a HNO3-HCLO4 (10:1 v/v) mixture in a microwave oven, followed by quantification of the elements by atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS The average levels of Pb and Cr were markedly higher (p < 0.001) while those of Ca, Fe, Cu and Mn were moderately higher (p < 0.05) in blood of the patients compared to the controls. However, correlation study showed divergent relationships between various elements in the blood of both groups. Multivariate cluster analysis revealed two major clusters of the elements for patients: Ca-Mg-Mn-Co-Cd and Pb-Cu-Fe-Zn-Cr; whereas three common groups were observed for controls: Ca-Mg-Zn-Cu, Cr-Mn-Fe and Co-Cd-Pb. Variations in the elemental levels were also observed to be associated with gender, habitat, food and smoking habits of the subjects. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the distribution, correlation and apportionment of elemental data indicated an imbalance of the toxic/essential elements in blood of the patients compared to the controls. KEY WORDS AAS; Blood; Cluster analysis; Coronary artery disease; Essential/toxic element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ilyas
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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111
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Castiglione RC, Barros CMMR, Boa BCS, Bouskela E. Microcirculatory effects of zinc on fructose-fed hamsters. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:310-317. [PMID: 26817936 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Fructose is a major dietary component directly related to vascular dysfunction and diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Zinc is considered a non-pharmacological alternative for treating diabetes due to its antioxidant and hyperglycemia-lowering effects in diabetic animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary zinc supplementation on the microcirculatory parameters of fructose-fed hamsters. METHODS AND RESULTS Male hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were fed drinking water substituted by 10% fructose solution for 60 days, whereas control animals were fed drinking water alone. Their microcirculatory function was evaluated using cheek pouch preparation, as well as their blood glucose and serum insulin levels. Their microcirculatory responses to acetylcholine (ACh, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator) and to sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an endothelium-independent vasodilator) as well as the increase in macromolecular permeability induced by 30 min of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) were noted. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was significantly increased in control animals with high zinc supplementation compared to the groups without zinc supplementation. Zinc was able to protect against plasma leakage induced by I/R in all control and fructose-fed groups, although the microvascular permeability was higher in animals fed drinking water substituted by 10% fructose solution compared to those fed filtered drinking water alone. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that dietary zinc supplementation can improve microvascular dysfunction by increasing endothelial-dependent dilatation and reducing the increase in macromolecular permeability induced by I/R in fructose-fed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Castiglione
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil.
| | - C M M R Barros
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - B C S Boa
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - E Bouskela
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
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112
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Hamasaki H, Kawashima Y, Yanai H. Serum Zn/Cu Ratio Is Associated with Renal Function, Glycemic Control, and Metabolic Parameters in Japanese Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-sectional Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:147. [PMID: 27895622 PMCID: PMC5108809 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic complications by mediating oxidative stress. Both Zn deficiency and excess of Cu are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate the relationships between serum Zn/Cu ratio and glycemic status, renal function, and metabolic parameters in patients with and without type 2 diabetes. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on 355 subjects (149 type 2 diabetic and 206 non-diabetic) in whom serum Zn and Cu levels were measured at the same time. Associations between serum Zn/Cu ratio and clinical data were evaluated using multiple regression analysis. We also evaluated associations between serum Zn/Cu ratio and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and glycemic control by multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Serum Zn/Cu ratio was positively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.137, p = 0.014). Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels were negatively associated with serum Zn/Cu ratio after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI (β = -0.258, p = 0.032). In patients with type 2 diabetes, serum Zn/Cu ratio was negatively associated with plasma HbA1c levels after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI (β = -0.239, p = 0.003). In addition, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the highest quartile of serum Zn/Cu ratio was associated with a reduced risk of poor (HbA1c ≥ 7%) glycemic control (odds ratio = 0.382; 95% confidence interval, 0.165-0.884; p = 0.025) in patients with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION Serum Zn/Cu ratio was favorably associated with renal function in all subjects and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The Zn/Cu ratio, in addition to the individual serum levels of trace elements, is important for metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Hamasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hidetaka Hamasaki,
| | - Yu Kawashima
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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113
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Ilyas A, Ahmad H, Shah MH. Comparative Distribution, Correlation, and Chemometric Analyses of Selected Metals in Scalp Hair of Angina Patients and Healthy Subjects. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 168:33-43. [PMID: 25933985 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies are preponderance of evidences intimating development of coronary artery disease caused by metal imbalance. The present study was aimed to analyze Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, Sr, and Zn in the scalp hair of angina patients and healthy subjects/controls employing HNO3-HCLO4-based wet digestion followed by quantification with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The average concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Sr revealed significantly higher levels in scalp hair of patients than controls; however, Na and Zn were appreciably higher in healthy subjects. Dissimilarity in the trace metal distribution was also observed with gender, residence, dietary habits, and smoking habits of both donor groups. The correlation study and multivariate analyses revealed diverse mutual relationships and apportionment of the trace metals in the scalp hair of patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ilyas
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hamad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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114
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Kim HN, Song SW, Choi WS. Association between serum zinc level and body composition: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutrition 2015; 32:332-7. [PMID: 26706025 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the association between serum zinc levels and several body composition factors in Korean adults. METHODS We used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey of Korean civilians. Data from 1896 adults were analyzed. RESULTS Serum zinc levels in men with elevated waist circumference were higher than in those with normal waist circumference (152.1 ± 3.7 μg/dL versus 137.8 ± 2.2 μg/dL; P < 0.001) and serum zinc levels increased with increasing tertiles of total body fat percentage (134.2 ± 2.8 μg/dL, 142 ± 2.9 μg/dL, and 148 ± 2.7 μg/dL; P = 0.001). Among men with a normal waist circumference, serum zinc levels of those with the highest total body fat percentage were higher than in those with the lowest or medium total body fat percentage values (145.4 μg/dL versus 135.2 μg/dL; P = 0.029). In contrast, in men with an elevated waist circumference, no difference in serum zinc levels according to total body fat percentage was detected. There was no relationship between serum zinc levels and body composition factors in women. CONCLUSIONS Body zinc status might be associated with the quantity and distribution of body fat in Korean men. Additional sex-specific studies are needed to determine whether the relationship of body zinc status with abdominal obesity and total body fat affects metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Na Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Song
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Whan-Seok Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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115
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Valko M, Jomova K, Rhodes CJ, Kuča K, Musílek K. Redox- and non-redox-metal-induced formation of free radicals and their role in human disease. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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116
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Lee SR, Noh SJ, Pronto JR, Jeong YJ, Kim HK, Song IS, Xu Z, Kwon HY, Kang SC, Sohn EH, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Kim N, Han J. The Critical Roles of Zinc: Beyond Impact on Myocardial Signaling. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:389-99. [PMID: 26330751 PMCID: PMC4553398 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.5.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc has been considered as a vital constituent of proteins, including enzymes. Mobile reactive zinc (Zn(2+)) is the key form of zinc involved in signal transductions, which are mainly driven by its binding to proteins or the release of zinc from proteins, possibly via a redox switch. There has been growing evidence of zinc's critical role in cell signaling, due to its flexible coordination geometry and rapid shifts in protein conformation to perform biological reactions. The importance and complexity of Zn(2+) activity has been presumed to parallel the degree of calcium's participation in cellular processes. Whole body and cellular Zn(2+) levels are largely regulated by metallothioneins (MTs), Zn(2+) importers (ZIPs), and Zn(2+) transporters (ZnTs). Numerous proteins involved in signaling pathways, mitochondrial metabolism, and ion channels that play a pivotal role in controlling cardiac contractility are common targets of Zn(2+). However, these regulatory actions of Zn(2+) are not limited to the function of the heart, but also extend to numerous other organ systems, such as the central nervous system, immune system, cardiovascular tissue, and secretory glands, such as the pancreas, prostate, and mammary glands. In this review, the regulation of cellular Zn(2+) levels, Zn(2+)-mediated signal transduction, impacts of Zn(2+) on ion channels and mitochondrial metabolism, and finally, the implications of Zn(2+) in health and disease development were outlined to help widen the current understanding of the versatile and complex roles of Zn(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ryul Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Cardiovascular and Metabolic disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Su Jin Noh
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Inje University, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Julius Ryan Pronto
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Inje University, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Inje University, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Cardiovascular and Metabolic disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - In Sung Song
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tainjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medio-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 336-745, Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Korea
| | - Eun-Hwa Sohn
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 245-711, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
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Ilyas A, Ahmad H, Shah MH. Comparative Study of Elemental Concentrations in the Scalp Hair and Nails of Myocardial Infarction Patients Versus Controls from Pakistan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 166:123-35. [PMID: 25876087 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia heart disease has become a ubiquitous cause of morbidity and a leading contributor to mortality worldwide. The present study was aimed to quantify the elemental levels for Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, Sr, and Zn in the scalp hair and nails of myocardial infarction (MI) patients and counterpart controls by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The effects of elemental imbalances on the development of atherosclerosis were evaluated. Average concentrations of Pb (14.7 μg/g), Sr (21.6 μg/g), and Cr (3.70 μg/g) were significantly higher in the scalp hair of the patients, while those of Na, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Cd were measured at almost comparable levels in the scalp hair of the patients and controls. In the case of nail samples, average concentrations of Na (1260 μg/g), K (873 μg/g), Sr (70.9 μg/g), Cu (16.6 μg/g), and Mn (16.9 μg/g) were significantly higher in the patients than controls. The correlation study revealed significantly divergent mutual variations among the elements in MI patients and controls. Principal component analysis also manifested the diverse apportionment of the elements in both donor groups. Most of the elements revealed significant disparities in their concentrations based on gender, abode, and smoking habits of the donors in both groups. In conclusion, the elemental imbalance has potential proatherogenic effect that would have a significant impact on sensitive population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ilyas
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Stewart
- a School of Medicine, University of St Andrews ; St Andrews , UK
| | - Samantha J Pitt
- a School of Medicine, University of St Andrews ; St Andrews , UK
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119
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Glade MJ, Smith K, Meguid MM. A glance at…nutritional antioxidants and testosterone secretion. Nutrition 2015; 31:1295-8. [PMID: 26254688 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyl Smith
- Progressive Laboratories Inc., Irving, Texas, USA
| | - Michael M Meguid
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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120
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Jung S, Kim MK, Choi BY. The Relationship between Zinc Status and Inflammatory Marker Levels in Rural Korean Adults Aged 40 and Older. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130016. [PMID: 26080030 PMCID: PMC4469681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) are known as one of the major risk factors in atherosclerosis. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of zinc have been suggested, but few data are available on the relationship between zinc status and inflammatory markers in epidemiological studies. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the cross-sectional relationships of serum cytokines and CRP with dietary zinc intake and serum zinc levels in healthy men and women aged 40 and older in rural areas of South Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS A group of 1,055 subjects (404 men, 651 women) was included in dietary zinc analysis while another group of 695 subjects (263 men, 432 women) was included in serum zinc analysis. Serum IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP were measured as inflammatory markers. RESULTS There was no significant inverse relationship between dietary zinc intake and inflammatory markers. We found a significant inverse relationship between serum zinc levels and all three inflammatory markers in women (P for trend = 0.0236 for IL-6; P for trend = 0.0017 for TNF-α; P for trend = 0.0301 for CRP) and between serum zinc levels and a single inflammatory marker (IL-6) in men (P for trend = 0.0191), although all R2 values by regression were less than 10%. CONCLUSION In conclusion, serum zinc levels may be inversely related to inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP), particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukyoung Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Bo Youl Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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121
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Woodier J, Rainbow RD, Stewart AJ, Pitt SJ. Intracellular Zinc Modulates Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor-mediated Calcium Release. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17599-610. [PMID: 26041778 PMCID: PMC4498093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.661280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Zn2+ homeostasis is a hallmark of certain cardiomyopathies associated with altered contractile force. In this study, we addressed whether Zn2+ modulates cardiac ryanodine receptor gating and Ca2+ dynamics in isolated cardiomyocytes. We reveal that Zn2+ is a high affinity regulator of RyR2 displaying three modes of operation. Picomolar free Zn2+ concentrations potentiate RyR2 responses, but channel activation is still dependent on the presence of cytosolic Ca2+. At concentrations of free Zn2+ >1 nm, Zn2+ is the main activating ligand, and the dependence on Ca2+ is removed. Zn2+ is therefore a higher affinity activator of RyR2 than Ca2+. Millimolar levels of free Zn2+ were found to inhibit channel openings. In cardiomyocytes, consistent with our single channel results, we show that Zn2+ modulates both the frequency and amplitude of Ca2+ waves in a concentration-dependent manner and that physiological levels of Zn2+ elicit Ca2+ release in the absence of activating levels of cytosolic Ca2+. This highlights a new role for intracellular Zn2+ in shaping Ca2+ dynamics in cardiomyocytes through modulation of RyR2 gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Woodier
- From the School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom and
| | - Richard D Rainbow
- the Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Wing, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Stewart
- From the School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom and
| | - Samantha J Pitt
- From the School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom and
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122
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Examining a new role for zinc in regulating calcium release in cardiac muscle. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 43:359-63. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20140285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that mammalian cells contain a small but measurable pool of free or labile zinc in the cytosol that is buffered in the high picomolar range. Recent attention has focused on the fact that this pool of free zinc has signalling effects that can be evoked through extracellular stimuli posing the question as to whether zinc should be regarded as a second messenger. Our knowledge of the targets, the biological significance and the molecular mechanisms of zinc signalling is limited but recent evidence suggests that zinc homoeostasis may be intimately linked to intracellular calcium signalling. In this review, we discuss the role of zinc as an intracellular signalling molecule with an emphasis on the potential role of zinc in shaping calcium-dynamics in cardiac muscle. We also consider the evidence that the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is a potential zinc signalling target.
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Abstract
Transporters comprise the largest family of membrane proteins in human organism, including members of solute carrier transporter and ATP-binding cassette transporter families. They play pivotal roles in the absorption, distribution and excretion of xenobiotic and endogenous molecules. Transporters are widely expressed in various human tissues and are routinely evaluated during the process of drug development and approval. Over the past decade, increasing evidence shows that drug transporters are important in both normal physiology and disease. Currently, transporters are utilized as therapeutic targets to treat numerous diseases such as diabetes, major depression, hypertension and constipation. Despite the steady growth of the field of transporter biology, more than half of the members in transporter superfamily have little information available about their endogenous substrate(s) or physiological functions. This review outlines current research methods in transporter studies, and summarizes the drug-transporter interactions including drug-drug and drug-endogenous substrate interactions. In the end, we also discuss the therapeutic perspective of transporters based on their physiological and pathophysiological roles.
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124
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Sena-Evangelista KCM, Pedrosa LFC, Paiva MSMO, Dias PCS, Ferreira DQC, Cozzolino SMF, Faulin TES, Abdalla DSP. The hypolipidemic and pleiotropic effects of rosuvastatin are not enhanced by its association with zinc and selenium supplementation in coronary artery disease patients: a double blind randomized controlled study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119830. [PMID: 25785441 PMCID: PMC4365008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Statins treatment may modify the levels of zinc and selenium, minerals that can improve vascular function and reduce oxidative damage and inflammation in atherosclerotic patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rosuvastatin, alone or associated with zinc and selenium supplementation, on lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes and mineral status in coronary artery disease patients. Material and Methods A double-blind randomized clinical trial was performed in which patients (n = 76) were treated with 10 mg rosuvastatin over 4 months associated or not with zinc (30 mg/d) and selenium (150 μg/d) supplementation. The following parameters were analyzed before and after the intervention: anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), electronegative low density lipoprotein (LDL(-)) concentrations, activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), zinc and selenium concentrations in blood plasma and erythocytes. Significance was determined using an α of 5% (two-tailed). Results We found that rosuvastatin therapy was efficient in reducing total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and hs-CRP independently of mineral supplementation. Neither treatment was associated with significant changes in LDL(-). Similarly, the antioxidant enzymes GPx and SOD activity were unchanged by treatments. Neither treatment was associated with significant differences in concentrations of zinc or selenium in blood plasma and erythocytes of studied groups. Conclusion Rosuvastatin treatment did not affect zinc and selenium levels in coronary artery disease patients. The zinc and selenium supplementation at doses used in this study did not change lipid profile or SOD and GPx activity in patients receiving rosuvastatin. Further studies should be focused on testing alternative doses and supplements in different populations to contribute for a consensus on the ideal choice of antioxidants to be used as possible complementary therapies in atherosclerotic patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01547377
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tanize Espírito Santo Faulin
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dulcinéia Saes Parra Abdalla
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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125
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Kansal SK, Jyoti U, Sharma S, Kaura A, Deshmukh R, Goyal S. Effect of zinc supplements in the attenuated cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in hyperlipidemic rat heart. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 388:635-41. [PMID: 25743572 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is regarded as independent risk factor in the development of ischemic heart disease, and it can increase the myocardial susceptibility to ischemia-/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury. Hyperlipidemia attenuates the cardioprotective response of ischemic preconditioning (IPC). The present study investigated the effect of zinc supplements in the attenuated cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in hyperlipidemic rat hearts. Hyperlipidemia was induced in rat by feeding high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks then the serum lipid profile was observed. In experiment, the isolated Langendorff rat heart preparation was subjected to 4 cycles of ischemic preconditioning (IPC), then 30 min of ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size was elaborated morphologically by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and biochemically by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) release from coronary effluent and left ventricular collagen content. However, the effect of zinc supplement, i.e., zinc pyrithione (10 μM) perfused during reperfusion for 120 min, significantly abrogated the attenuated cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in hyperlipidemic rat heart whereas administration of chelator of this zinc ionophore, i.e., N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylene diamine (TPEN; 10 μM), perfused during reperfusion 2 min before the perfusion of zinc pyrithione abrogated the cardioprotective effect of zinc supplement during experiment in hyperlipidemic rat heart. Thus, the administration of zinc supplements limits the infarct size, LDH, and CK-MB and enhanced the collagen level which suggests that the attenuated cardioprotective effect of IPC in hyperlipidemic rat is due to zinc loss during reperfusion caused by ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Kansal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, 151203, India
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Jurowski K, Szewczyk B, Nowak G, Piekoszewski W. Biological consequences of zinc deficiency in the pathomechanisms of selected diseases. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:1069-79. [PMID: 24748223 PMCID: PMC4175048 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
From many points of view, zinc is one of the most important trace elements in biological systems. Many articles describe the well-known role of this metal in human physiology and pathophysiology, but in the related literature, there is a lack of current and reliable reviews of the role of zinc deficiency in many diseases. In this article, we describe the role of zinc deficiency in the oxidative stress control, immune response, proliferation, and pathogenesis and pathophysiology of selected diseases such as depression, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and Wilson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Jurowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
- Malopolska Centre for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Gabriel Nowak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Piekoszewski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
- Laboratory of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Regional Laboratory of Physicochemical Analysis and Structural Research, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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127
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Dabbagh-Bazarbachi H, Clergeaud G, Quesada IM, Ortiz M, O'Sullivan CK, Fernández-Larrea JB. Zinc ionophore activity of quercetin and epigallocatechin-gallate: from Hepa 1-6 cells to a liposome model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8085-8093. [PMID: 25050823 DOI: 10.1021/jf5014633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Labile zinc, a tiny fraction of total intracellular zinc that is loosely bound to proteins and easily interchangeable, modulates the activity of numerous signaling and metabolic pathways. Dietary plant polyphenols such as the flavonoids quercetin (QCT) and epigallocatechin-gallate act as antioxidants and as signaling molecules. Remarkably, the activities of numerous enzymes that are targeted by polyphenols are dependent on zinc. We have previously shown that these polyphenols chelate zinc cations and hypothesized that these flavonoids might be also acting as zinc ionophores, transporting zinc cations through the plasma membrane. To prove this hypothesis, herein, we have demonstrated the capacity of QCT and epigallocatechin-gallate to rapidly increase labile zinc in mouse hepatocarcinoma Hepa 1-6 cells as well as, for the first time, in liposomes. In order to confirm that the polyphenols transport zinc cations across the plasma membrane independently of plasma membrane zinc transporters, QCT, epigallocatechin-gallate, or clioquinol (CQ), alone and combined with zinc, were added to unilamellar dipalmitoylphosphocholine/cholesterol liposomes loaded with membrane-impermeant FluoZin-3. Only the combinations of the chelators with zinc triggered a rapid increase of FluoZin-3 fluorescence within the liposomes, thus demonstrating the ionophore action of QCT, epigallocatechin-gallate, and CQ on lipid membrane systems. The ionophore activity of dietary polyphenols may underlay the raising of labile zinc levels triggered in cells by polyphenols and thus many of their biological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam Dabbagh-Bazarbachi
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, and ‡Nanobiotechnology & Bioanalysis Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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128
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Dias PCS, Sena-Evangelista KCM, Paiva MSMDO, Ferreira DQC, Ururahy MAG, Rezende AA, Abdalla DSP, Pedrosa LFC. The beneficial effects of rosuvastatin are independent of zinc supplementation in patients with atherosclerosis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2014; 28:194-199. [PMID: 24560278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins have multiple antiatherosclerotic effects, but can reduce blood plasma concentrations of minerals, including zinc. As zinc possesses antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects, low zinc status can promote injuries or inadequate tissue repair in endothelial cells. Metallothionein (MT) expression might modulate responses induced by statins in patients with atherosclerosis. However, research regarding mineral status and the use of statins is scarce. This study evaluated the effects of zinc supplementation on zinc status and expression of the zinc-dependent MT1F and MT2A genes in patients with atherosclerosis treated with rosuvastatin. METHODS A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was performed with 54 participants treated with 10mg rosuvastatin for 4 months with or without zinc supplementation (30mg/day). Diet, lipid profile, high-sensitivity reactive protein C (hs-CRP), plasma and erythrocyte zinc concentrations, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and MT1F and MT2A genes expression were analyzed before and after intervention. RESULTS Rosuvastatin therapy was effective in reducing low- and non-high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and hs-CRP levels, independent of zinc supplementation. Additionally, zinc treatment had no effect on SOD enzyme activity (P=0.201), plasma (P>0.671) and erythrocyte (P>0.123) zinc concentrations, or the pattern of MT1F and MT2A genes expression (P=0.088 and P=0.229, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of rosuvastatin treatment is independent of the effects of zinc supplementation. Moreover, rosuvastatin treatment did not have a significant impact on zinc status or MT1F and MT2A genes expression in patients with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Adriana Augusto Rezende
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Dulcinéia Saes Parra Abdalla
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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129
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Xu Z, Kim S, Huh J. Zinc plays a critical role in the cardioprotective effect of postconditioning by enhancing the activation of the RISK pathway in rat hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 66:12-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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130
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Tomat AL, Juriol LV, Gobetto MN, Veiras LC, Mendes Garrido Abregú F, Zilberman J, Fasoli H, Elesgaray R, Costa MÁ, Arranz CT. Morphological and functional effects on cardiac tissue induced by moderate zinc deficiency during prenatal and postnatal life in male and female rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H1574-83. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00578.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether moderate zinc restriction in rats throughout fetal life, lactation, and/or postweaning growth results in early changes in cardiac morphology predisposing the onset of cardiac dysfunction in adult life as well as sex-related differences in the adaptation to this nutritional injury. Female Wistar rats received low or control zinc diets from the beginning of pregnancy up to offspring weaning. After being weaned, offspring were fed either a low or control zinc diet until 81 days. Systolic blood pressure was measured. Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic examinations, morphological experiments, and apoptosis by TUNEL assay were performed in the left ventricle. In the early stages, zinc-deficient male and female offspring showed an increase in cardiomyocyte diameter, probably associated with an increase in cardiac apoptotic cells, but smaller myocyte diameters in adulthood. In adult males, this nutritional injury induced decreased contractility and dilatation of the left ventricle, not allowing the heart to compensate the higher levels of blood pressure, and hypertrophic remodeling of coronary arteries associated with increased blood pressure. Adequate zinc intake during postweaning life did not overcome blood pressure levels but reversed some of the detrimental effects of earlier zinc deficiency in cardiac morphology and function. Females were less sensitive to this deficiency, exhibiting normal levels of blood pressure and no structural or functional heart alterations in adult life. The present study demonstrates that the effects of zinc deficiency on blood pressure, cardiac morphology, and function differ between sexes, with males more predisposed to develop cardiovascular diseases in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analia Lorena Tomat
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Lorena Vanesa Juriol
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - María Natalia Gobetto
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Luciana Cecilia Veiras
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Facundo Mendes Garrido Abregú
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Judith Zilberman
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Héctor Fasoli
- Laboratorio de Química y Ciencia Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Fisicomatemáticas e Ingeniería, Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosana Elesgaray
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - María Ángeles Costa
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Cristina Teresa Arranz
- Cátedra de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
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131
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Jung SK, Kim MK, Lee YH, Shin DH, Shin MH, Chun BY, Choi BY. Lower zinc bioavailability may be related to higher risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in Korean adults. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80115. [PMID: 24223217 PMCID: PMC3819296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a proposed link between dietary zinc intake and atherosclerosis, but this relationship remains unclear. Phytate may contribute to this relationship by influencing zinc bioavailability. Objective The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between zinc bioavailability and subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy Korean adults. Materials and Methods The present cross-sectional analysis used baseline data from the Korean multi-Rural Communities Cohort Study (MRCohort), which is a part of The Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (KoGES). A total of 5,532 subjects (2,116 men and 3,416 women) aged 40 years and older were recruited from rural communities in South Korea between 2005 and 2010. Phytate:zinc molar ratio, estimated from a food-based food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) of 106 food items, was used to determine zinc bioavailability, and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured to calculate the subclinical atherosclerotic index. Results We found that phytate:zinc molar ratio is positively related to cIMT in men. A higher phytate:zinc molar ratio was significantly related to an increased risk of atherosclerosis in men, defined as the 80th percentile value of cIMT (5th vs. 1st quintile, OR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.42-3.15, P for trend = 0.0009), and especially in elderly men (5th vs. 1st quintile, OR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.52-4.37, P for trend = 0.0021). We found a positive relationship between phytate:zinc molar ratio and atherosclerosis risk among women aged 65 years or younger. Phytate:zinc molar ratio was not found to be related to PWV. Conclusions Lower zinc bioavailability may be related to higher atherosclerosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Kyoung Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Young-Hoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Byung-Yeol Chun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, and Health Promotion Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Bo Youl Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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132
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Lipshultz SE, Cochran TR, Briston DA, Brown SR, Sambatakos PJ, Miller TL, Carrillo AA, Corcia L, Sanchez JE, Diamond MB, Freundlich M, Harake D, Gayle T, Harmon WG, Rusconi PG, Sandhu SK, Wilkinson JD. Pediatric cardiomyopathies: causes, epidemiology, clinical course, preventive strategies and therapies. Future Cardiol 2013; 9:817-48. [PMID: 24180540 PMCID: PMC3903430 DOI: 10.2217/fca.13.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cardiomyopathies, which are rare but serious disorders of the muscles of the heart, affect at least one in every 100,000 children in the USA. Approximately 40% of children with symptomatic cardiomyopathy undergo heart transplantation or die from cardiac complications within 2 years. However, a significant number of children suffering from cardiomyopathy are surviving into adulthood, making it an important chronic illness for both pediatric and adult clinicians to understand. The natural history, risk factors, prevalence and incidence of this pediatric condition were not fully understood before the 1990s. Questions regarding optimal diagnostic, prognostic and treatment methods remain. Children require long-term follow-up into adulthood in order to identify the factors associated with best clinical practice including diagnostic approaches, as well as optimal treatment approaches. In this article, we comprehensively review current research on various presentations of this disease, along with current knowledge about their causes, treatments and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Lipshultz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Holtz Children’s Hospital of the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center & Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thomas R Cochran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - David A Briston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Stefanie R Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Peter J Sambatakos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Tracie L Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Holtz Children’s Hospital of the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center & Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Adriana A Carrillo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Liat Corcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Janine E Sanchez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Melissa B Diamond
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michael Freundlich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Danielle Harake
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Tamara Gayle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - William G Harmon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Paolo G Rusconi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Satinder K Sandhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - James D Wilkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1601 NW 12th Avenue, 9th Floor, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Holtz Children’s Hospital of the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Medical Center & Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
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133
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Evans DM, Zhu G, Dy V, Heath AC, Madden PAF, Kemp JP, McMahon G, St Pourcain B, Timpson NJ, Golding J, Lawlor DA, Steer C, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Smith GD, Whitfield JB. Genome-wide association study identifies loci affecting blood copper, selenium and zinc. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3998-4006. [PMID: 23720494 PMCID: PMC3766178 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation affecting absorption, distribution or excretion of essential trace elements may lead to health effects related to sub-clinical deficiency. We have tested for allelic effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on blood copper, selenium and zinc in a genome-wide association study using two adult cohorts from Australia and the UK. Participants were recruited in Australia from twins and their families and in the UK from pregnant women. We measured erythrocyte Cu, Se and Zn (Australian samples) or whole blood Se (UK samples) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Genotyping was performed with Illumina chips and > 2.5 m SNPs were imputed from HapMap data. Genome-wide significant associations were found for each element. For Cu, there were two loci on chromosome 1 (most significant SNPs rs1175550, P = 5.03 × 10(-10), and rs2769264, P = 2.63 × 10(-20)); for Se, a locus on chromosome 5 was significant in both cohorts (combined P = 9.40 × 10(-28) at rs921943); and for Zn three loci on chromosomes 8, 15 and X showed significant results (rs1532423, P = 6.40 × 10(-12); rs2120019, P = 1.55 × 10(-18); and rs4826508, P = 1.40 × 10(-12), respectively). The Se locus covers three genes involved in metabolism of sulphur-containing amino acids and potentially of the analogous Se compounds; the chromosome 8 locus for Zn contains multiple genes for the Zn-containing enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Where potentially relevant genes were identified, they relate to metabolism of the element (Se) or to the presence at high concentration of a metal-containing protein (Cu).
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Evans
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology
- School of Social and Community Medicine and
| | - Gu Zhu
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Genetic Epidemiology, Locked Bag 2000 and
| | - Veronica Dy
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pamela A. F. Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - John P. Kemp
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology
- School of Social and Community Medicine and
| | - George McMahon
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology
- School of Social and Community Medicine and
| | | | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology
- School of Social and Community Medicine and
| | - Jean Golding
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology
- School of Social and Community Medicine and
| | - Debbie A. Lawlor
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology
- School of Social and Community Medicine and
| | - Colin Steer
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Molecular Epidemiology, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Genetic Epidemiology, Locked Bag 2000 and
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology
- School of Social and Community Medicine and
| | - John B. Whitfield
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Genetic Epidemiology, Locked Bag 2000 and
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134
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Wang YH, Li KJ, Mao L, Hu X, Zhao WJ, Hu A, Lian HZ, Zheng WJ. Effects of exogenous zinc on cell cycle, apoptosis and viability of MDAMB231, HepG2 and 293 T cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 154:418-26. [PMID: 23839533 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
As a non-toxic metal to humans, zinc is essential for cell proliferation, differentiation, regulation of DNA synthesis, genomic stability and mitosis. Zinc homeostasis in cells, which is crucial for normal cellular functioning, is maintained by various protein families including ZnT (zinc transporter/SLC30A) and ZIP (Zrt-, Irt-like proteins/SLC39A) that decrease and increase cytosolic zinc availability, respectively. In this study, we investigated the influences of a specific concentration range of ZnSO4 on cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry, and cell viability by MTT method in MDAMB231, HepG2 and 293 T cell lines. Fluorescent sensors NBD-TPEA and the counterstain for nuclei Hoechst 33342 were used to stain the treated cells for observing the localisation and amount of Zn(2+) via laser scanning confocal microscope. It was found that the influence manners of ZnSO4 on cell cycle, apoptosis and cell viability in various cell lines were different and corresponding to the changes of Zn(2+) content of the three cell lines, respectively. The significant increase on intracelluar zinc content of MDAMB231 cells resulted in cell death, G1 and G2/M cell cycle arrest and increased apoptotic fraction. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of ZnT and ZIP families in the three cell lines, when treated with high concentration of ZnSO4, increased and decreased corresponding to their functions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Center of Materials Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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135
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Bayır A, Kara H, Kıyıcı A, Oztürk B, Akyürek F. Levels of selenium, zinc, copper, and cardiac troponin I in serum of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 154:352-6. [PMID: 23904327 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the levels of selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and troponin I (TnI) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) on admission to our emergency department in comparison to healthy control subjects. Patients with diagnosed ACS (n = 100) were included in the study group. Control subjects (n = 100) were selected from healthy volunteers in the same age range. Venous blood samples were obtained to evaluate the levels of Se, Zn, Cu, and TnI (on admission for the ACS group). Serum Se, Zn, and Cu levels were significantly less in the ACS group compared to the control group (p <0.001, p <0.01, and p <0.001, respectively). The serum TnI level was significantly greater in the ACS group compared to the control group (p <0.05). The serum Se level in the ACS group correlated significantly with the TnI level (r = -0.211, p = 0.035). These results indicate that Se, Zn, and Cu deficiencies may be risk factors for ACS, and a decreased serum Se level in patients with ACS might reflect the degree of myocardial necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Bayır
- Emergency Department, Selçuk University Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk, Konya, Turkey.
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136
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Ozturk N, Olgar Y, Ozdemir S. Trace elements in diabetic cardiomyopathy: An electrophysiological overview. World J Diabetes 2013; 4:92-100. [PMID: 23961319 PMCID: PMC3746091 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v4.i4.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that Diabetes Mellitus leads to a specific cardiomyopathy apart from vascular disease and bring about high morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Recent clinical and experimental studies have extensively demonstrated that this cardiomyopathy causes impaired cardiac performance manifested by early diastolic and late systolic dysfunction. This impaired cardiac performance most probably have emerged upon the expression and activity of regulatory proteins such as Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, ryanodine receptor and phospholamban. Over years many therapeutic strategies have been recommended for treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Lately, inorganic elements have been suggested to have anti-diabetic effects due to their suggested ability to regulate glucose homeostasis, reduce oxidative stress or suppress phosphatases. Recent findings have shown that trace elements exert many biological effects including insulin-mimetic or antioxidant activity and in this manner they have been recommended as potential candidates for treatment of diabetes-induced cardiac complications, an effect based on their modes of action. Some of these trace elements are known to play an essential role as component of enzymes and thus modulate the organ function in physiological and pathological conditions. Besides, they can also manipulate redox state of the channels via antioxidant properties and thus contribute to the regulation of [Ca2+]i homeostasis and cardiac ion channels. On account of little information about some trace elements, we discussed the effect of vanadium, selenium, zinc and tungstate on diabetic heart complications.
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137
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Braun LA, Rosenfeldt F. Pharmaco-nutrient interactions - a systematic review of zinc and antihypertensive therapy. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67:717-25. [PMID: 23279674 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antihypertensive medicines are to known to cause diverse disturbances to electrolyte homeostasis; however, their potential to affect zinc is less well known. The primary aim was to explore whether antihypertensive medicines have the potential to affect zinc status. METHODS A review of electronic databases was undertaken. Full-length English language articles describing clinical trials involving antihypertensive medicines and reporting on zinc measurements were reviewed. RESULTS Eight eligible studies were identified which involved the use of ACE inhibitors, thiazide diuretics, beta blockers, or ARB drugs of which five included a control group Studies used urinary zinc excretion, plasma zinc levels or erythrocyte zinc as key measures of zinc status. Studies reported increased urinary zinc losses for captopril (from 50 mg/day), enalapril (20 mg/day), losartan (50 mg/day), losartan (50 mg/day) together with hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg/day), captopril (75 mg/day) together with frusemide (40 mg/day) and stand-alone hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/day). Serum levels of zinc decreased with captopril (50-150 mg/day), verapamil (240 mg/day), atenolol (50-150 mg/day) and the combination of losartan (50 mg/day) and hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg/day), eryrthrocyte levels decreased with use of valsartan (80 mg/day) and in some studies for captopril, but not for metoprolol (100 mg/day), atenolol (50-150 mg/day), verapamil (240 mg/day), doxazosin (4 mg/day) or amlodipine 10 mg/day). Major limitations were that most studies were small and did not report on dietary zinc intake. CONCLUSION The available evidence suggests that use of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists or thiazide diuretics have the potential to reduce zinc levels in hypertensive patients. Additional research using larger participant numbers and accounting for dietary zinc intakes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Braun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
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138
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Abstract
The vast knowledge of the physiologic functions of zinc in at least 3000 proteins and the recent recognition of fundamental regulatory functions of zinc(II) ions released from cells or within cells links this nutritionally essential metal ion to numerous diseases. However, this knowledge so far has had remarkably limited impact on diagnosing, preventing, and treating human diseases. One major roadblock is a lack of suitable biomarkers that would detect changes in cellular zinc metabolism and relate them to specific disease outcomes. It is not only the right amount of zinc in the diet that maintains health. At least as important is the proper functioning of the dozens of proteins that control cellular zinc homeostasis, regulate intracellular traffic of zinc between the cytosol and vesicles/organelles, and determine the fluctuations of signaling zinc(II) ions. Cellular zinc deficiencies or overloads, a term referring to zinc concentrations exceeding the cellular zinc buffering capacity, compromise the redox balance. Zinc supplementation may not readily remedy zinc deficiency if other factors limit the capability of a cell to control zinc. The role of zinc in human diseases requires a general understanding of the wide spectrum of functions of zinc, how zinc is controlled, how it interacts with the metabolism of other metal ions, in particular copper and iron, and how perturbation of specific zinc-dependent molecular processes causes disease and influences the progression of disease.
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139
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Myers SA, Nield A, Myers M. Zinc transporters, mechanisms of action and therapeutic utility: implications for type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:173712. [PMID: 23304467 PMCID: PMC3530793 DOI: 10.1155/2012/173712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element that plays a vital role in maintaining many biological processes and cellular homeostasis. Dysfunctional zinc signaling is associated with a number of chronic disease states including cancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes. Cellular homeostasis requires mechanisms that tightly control the uptake, storage, and distribution of zinc. This is achieved through the coordinated actions of zinc transporters and metallothioneins. Evidence on the role of these proteins in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is now emerging. Zinc plays a key role in the synthesis, secretion and action of insulin in both physiological and pathophysiological states. Moreover, recent studies highlight zinc's dynamic role as a "cellular second messenger" in the control of insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. This suggests that zinc plays an unidentified role as a novel second messenger that augments insulin activity. This previously unexplored concept would raise a whole new area of research into the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and introduce a new class of drug target with utility for diabetes pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Myers
- School of Health Sciences, University of Ballarat, University Drive, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia
- Collaborative Research Network, University of Ballarat, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Alex Nield
- School of Health Sciences, University of Ballarat, University Drive, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Mark Myers
- School of Health Sciences, University of Ballarat, University Drive, Mount Helen, VIC 3350, Australia
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140
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Li B, Tan Y, Sun W, Fu Y, Miao L, Cai L. The role of zinc in the prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy and nephropathy. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 23:27-33. [PMID: 23039870 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2012.735277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is one of the essential trace elements and has numerous physiological functions. Zn acts as an antioxidant and also as a part of other antioxidant related proteins, such as metallothionein (MT) and Zn-copper superoxide dismutase. Zn deficiency often occurs in patients with diabetes. Therefore, the effect of Zn deficiency or Zn supplementation on diabetes-induced cardiac and renal pathogeneses has been explored. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in mice and rats. Zn deficiency was induced by chronic treatment of diabetic mice with Zn chelator N,N,N,N-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine (TPEN) for 4 months. For Zn supplementation study, diabetic mice or rats were treated with Zn for 3 months. Inflammation, fibrosis, and histopathological changes in the heart and kidney of these diabetic mice and rats were examined by western blotting assay, immunohistochemical and fluorescent staining. Results showed that diabetes induced cardiac and renal oxidative damage, inflammation and fibrosis, which were reversed by Zn supplementation that also induced cardiac and renal MT synthesis. Furthermore, Zn deficiency was found to significantly enhance the renal damage induced by diabetes. Several clinical observations also support the preventive effect of Zn in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and nephropathy. Therefore, Zn plays an important role in the protection of the heart and kidney against diabetes-induced oxidative damage, inflammation, and fibrosis. These studies suggested that diabetic patients should be monitored and treated for Zn deficiency to avoid the acceleration of diabetes-induced cardiac and renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Nephrology at the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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141
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Beattie JH, Gordon MJ, Duthie SJ, McNeil CJ, Horgan GW, Nixon GF, Feldmann J, Kwun IS. Suboptimal dietary zinc intake promotes vascular inflammation and atherogenesis in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1097-105. [PMID: 22760982 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Cardiovascular health is strongly influenced by diet. Zinc has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but its long-term influence on vascular health at dietary intake levels relevant to the human population in developed countries has not been studied. We investigated the influence of suboptimal zinc intake in a Western-type diet on the development of vascular inflammation and arterial plaque in apoE knock-out (AEKO) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Weanling AEKO and wild-type (WT) controls were given high saturated fat (21% w/w) and high cholesterol (0.15%) semi-synthetic diets containing 3 or 35 mg Zn/kg (AEKO and WT) or 8 mg Zn/kg (AEKO only) for over 6 months. AEKO mice on zinc intakes of 3 and 8 mg Zn/kg (suboptimal zinc) developed significantly (p < 0.05) more aortic plaque than AEKO mice consuming 35 mg Zn/kg (adequate zinc). Circulating levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 were significantly (p < 0.05) raised at the lowest zinc intake in AEKO mice, as compared to zinc-adequate controls. Plasma total cholesterol and total protein were also significantly (p < 0.05) increased at the lowest zinc intake. CONCLUSION We propose that suboptimal dietary zinc intake raises circulating pro-atherogenic lipoprotein levels that promote vascular inflammation and enhance arterial plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Beattie
- Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
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142
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Chasapis CT, Loutsidou AC, Spiliopoulou CA, Stefanidou ME. Zinc and human health: an update. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:521-34. [PMID: 22071549 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The importance of micronutrients in health and nutrition is undisputable, and among them, zinc is an essential element whose significance to health is increasingly appreciated and whose deficiency may play an important role in the appearance of diseases. Zinc is one of the most important trace elements in the organism, with three major biological roles, as catalyst, structural, and regulatory ion. Zinc-binding motifs are found in many proteins encoded by the human genome physiologically, and free zinc is mainly regulated at the single-cell level. Zinc has critical effect in homeostasis, in immune function, in oxidative stress, in apoptosis, and in aging, and significant disorders of great public health interest are associated with zinc deficiency. In many chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, several malignancies, neurological disorders, autoimmune diseases, aging, age-related degenerative diseases, and Wilson's disease, the concurrent zinc deficiency may complicate the clinical features, affect adversely immunological status, increase oxidative stress, and lead to the generation of inflammatory cytokines. In these diseases, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation may play important causative roles. It is therefore important that status of zinc is assessed in any case and zinc deficiency is corrected, since the unique properties of zinc may have significant therapeutic benefits in these diseases. In the present paper, we review the zinc as a multipurpose trace element, its biological role in homeostasis, proliferation and apoptosis and its role in immunity and in chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, depression, Wilson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos T Chasapis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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