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Whibley D, AlKandari N, Kristensen K, Barnish M, Rzewuska M, Druce KL, Tang NKY. Sleep and Pain: A Systematic Review of Studies of Mediation. Clin J Pain 2020; 35:544-558. [PMID: 30829737 PMCID: PMC6504189 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: A relationship between sleep and pain is well established. A better understanding of the mechanisms that link sleep and pain intensity is urgently needed to optimize pain management interventions. The objective of this systematic review was to identify, synthesize, and critically appraise studies that have investigated putative mediators on the path between sleep and pain intensity. Methods: A systematic search of 5 electronic bibliographic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) was conducted. Eligible studies had to apply a formal test of mediation to variables on the path between a sleep variable and pain intensity or vice versa. All searches, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by at least 2 independent reviewers. Results: The search yielded 2839 unique articles, 9 of which were eligible. Of 13 mediation analyses, 11 investigated pathways from a sleep variable to pain intensity. Putative mediators included affect/mood, depression and/or anxiety, attention to pain, pain helplessness, stress, fatigue, and physical activity. Two analyses investigated pathways from pain intensity to a sleep variable, examining the potentially mediating role of depressive symptoms and mood. Although evidence supported a mediating role for psychological and physiological aspects of emotional experiences and attentional processes, methodological limitations were common, including use of cross-sectional data and minimal adjustment for potential confounders. Discussion: A growing body of research is applying mediation analysis to elucidate mechanistic pathways between sleep and pain intensity. Currently sparse evidence would be illuminated by more intensively collected longitudinal data and improvements in analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Whibley
- Epidemiology Group, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition.,Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kratz Lab.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nourah AlKandari
- Epidemiology Group, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition
| | - Kaja Kristensen
- Epidemiology Group, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition.,Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Max Barnish
- Evidence Synthesis and Modelling for Health Improvement (ESMI), Institute for Health Research, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter
| | | | - Katie L Druce
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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102
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Self-Reported Diet Quality Differentiates Nutrient Intake, Blood Nutrient Status, Mood, and Cognition: Implications for Identifying Nutritional Neurocognitive Risk Factors in Middle Age. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102964. [PMID: 32998296 PMCID: PMC7599651 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for diet quality representing a modifiable risk factor for age-related cognitive decline and mood disturbances has typically come from retrospective, cross-sectional analyses. Here a diet screening tool (DST) was used to categorize healthy middle-aged volunteers (n = 141, 40–65 years) into “optimal” or “sub-optimal” diet groups to investigate cross-sectional associations between diet quality, cognitive function, and mood. The DST distinguished levels of nutrient intake as assessed by Automated Self-Administered 24-h dietary recall and nutrient status, as assessed by blood biomarker measures. Compared with the “sub-optimal” group, the “optimal” diet group showed significantly higher intake of vitamin E (p = 0.007), magnesium (p = 0.001), zinc (p = 0.043) and fiber (p = 0.015), higher circulating levels of vitamin B6 (p = 0.030) and red blood cell folate (p = 0.026) and lower saturated fatty acids (p = 0.012). Regarding psychological outcomes, the “optimal” diet group had significantly better Stroop processing than those with a “sub-optimal” diet (p = 0.013). Regression analysis revealed that higher DST scores were associated with fewer mood disturbances (p = 0.002) and lower perceived stress (p = 0.031), although these differences were not significant when comparing “optimal” versus “sub-optimal” as discrete groups. This study demonstrates the potential of a 20-item diet screen to identify both nutritional and psychological status in an Australian setting.
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103
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Associations between dietary intake of B-vitamins and psychological disorders among Iranian women: a cross-sectional study. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:1787-1797. [PMID: 32933593 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020002943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE B-vitamins affect brain function through multiple pathways. Given limited evidence on the relationship between dietary intake of these vitamins and psychological disorders, we examined dietary intake of vitamin B6-9-12 in relation to psychological disorders among Iranian women. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was assessed using a valid and reliable FFQ. To assess psychological disorders, we used a version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 validated in Iran. SETTING Ten public health centres in southern Tehran, Iran. PARTICIPANTS A total of 447 female participants aged 20-50 years. RESULTS The median values of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), B9 (folate) and B12 (cobalamin) were 1·30 mg/d, 313·89 µg/d and 3·99 µg/d, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, dietary vitamin B6 intake was associated with lower odds of depression (OR: 0·54; 95 % CI: 0·31, 0·95; Ptrend: 0·03). However, there was a positive association between dietary vitamin B12 intake with the odds of depression (OR: 2·05; 95 % CI: 1·17, 3·60; Ptrend: 0·01) and psychological distress (OR: 2·00; 95 % CI: 1·17, 3·41; Ptrend: 0·01). No association was found between vitamin B9 with any psychological disorders. CONCLUSIONS Women with higher dietary intakes of vitamin B6 had lower likelihood of depression. However, women with higher dietary intake of vitamin B12 had higher odds of depression and psychological distress. Future prospective studies in different populations are needed to clarify whether B-vitamin deficiency is a cause or consequence of psychological disorders.
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Cardoso AP, Ferreira V, Leal M, Ferreira M, Campos S, Guiné RPF. Perceptions about Healthy Eating and Emotional Factors Conditioning Eating Behaviour: A Study Involving Portugal, Brazil and Argentina. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091236. [PMID: 32899811 PMCID: PMC7555827 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analysed the perceptions about healthy eating as well as some emotional factors conditioning eating behaviour in a sample of people from Portugal, Brazil and Argentina. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study involving a non-probabilistic sample of 2501 participant. Data was collected through a questionnaire applied to adult citizens residing in their respective countries. For data analysis chi-square tests were used, and associations were evaluated by Cramer's coefficients. Moreover, a tree classification analysis was conducted for variables related with perceptions about healthy eating and emotional conditioning of eating behaviour. The results revealed that participants' perceptions are generally in agreement with healthy eating. However, significant differences were found between countries (p = 0.018) and by levels of education (p < 0.0005), with a more accurate perception for Portugal and at the university level. The existence of statistically significant associations between all sociodemographic variables considered and the conditioning of eating behaviour by emotional motivations should be noted. Tree classification analysis showed that the most important discriminant sociodemographic variable for perceptions about healthy eating was education, followed by professional area and country, while the most relevant discriminants for emotional conditioning of eating behaviour were country and then living environment and sex. Thus, it is important to consider these variables in initiatives that aim to promote adherence to behaviours that contribute to the health and well-being of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Cardoso
- CI&DEI Research Centre, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Vanessa Ferreira
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing, UFMG University, Belo Horizonte, BR 30130-100, Brazil;
| | - Marcela Leal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition, Maimonides University, Buenos Aires, AR C1405, Argentina;
| | - Manuela Ferreira
- UICISA:E Research Centre, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Sofia Campos
- CI&DEI Research Centre, School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Raquel P. F. Guiné
- CERNAS Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal;
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105
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Głąbska D, Skolmowska D, Guzek D. Population-Based Study of the Changes in the Food Choice Determinants of Secondary School Students: Polish Adolescents' COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2640. [PMID: 32872577 PMCID: PMC7551462 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the lockdown, various changes of dietary habits are observed, including both positive and negative ones. However, the food choice determinants in this period were not studied so far for children and adolescents. The study aimed to analyze the changes in the food choice determinants of secondary school students in a national sample of Polish adolescents within the Polish Adolescents' COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study population. The study was conducted in May 2020, based on the random quota sampling of schools (for voivodeships and counties) and a number of 2448 students from all the regions of Poland participated. The Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) (36 items) was applied twice-to analyze separately current choices (during the period of COVID-19 pandemic) and general choices (when there was no COVID-19 pandemic). For both the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, sensory appeal and price were indicated as the most important factors (with the highest scores). However, differences were observed between the scores of specific factors, while health (p < 0.0001) and weight control (p < 0.0001) were declared as more important during the period of COVID-19 pandemic, compared with the period before, but mood (p < 0.0001) and sensory appeal (p < 0.0001) as less important. The observations were confirmed for sub-groups, while female and male respondents were analyzed separately. It can be concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic may have changed the food choice determinants of Polish adolescents, as it may have increased the importance of health and weight control, but reduced the role of mood and sensory appeal. This may be interpreted as positive changes promoting the uptake of a better diet than in the period before the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dominika Skolmowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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Mooney ER, Davies AJ, Pickering AE. Sweet taste does not modulate pain perception in adult humans. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:43. [PMID: 32704547 PMCID: PMC7361508 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15726.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sugar is routinely used to comfort neonates undergoing painful procedures, and animal studies have shown that sucrose increases the time to withdrawal from painful stimuli. However, there are no published studies examining the effects of sweet substances on heat pain thresholds and percept in adult humans. Methods: Healthy adult volunteers (n=27, aged 18-48 years) were recruited to a controlled, double-blind, randomised, cross-over study to characterise the effect of tasting solutions of equivalent sweetness (10% sucrose and 0.016% sucralose) on warm detection and heat pain thresholds and the percept ratings of painfully hot stimuli. The effect of anticipation of a sweet taste on heat pain threshold was also assessed. Results: Tasting either sucrose or sucralose had no significant effect on the percept of an individually titrated hot stimulus (54.5±4.2 and 54.9±3.2 vs 53.2±3.5 for water, 0-100 visual analogue scale), on the warm detection or heat pain threshold (43.3±0.8, 43.2±0.8 vs 43.0±0.8°C). Anticipation of a sweet substance similarly did not affect heat pain thresholds. Conclusions: Sucrose and sucralose solutions had no analgesic effect when assessed using heat detection thresholds and percept ratings of painfully hot stimuli despite being perceived as sweeter and more pleasant than water. These findings are in contrast to results reported from previous animal studies in which thermal analgesia from sweet solutions is robust. Given the ubiquitous availability of sugar rich drinks in the modern environment, the lack of observable effect may be due to an insufficient hedonic value of the test solutions when compared to the experience of a laboratory rodent. Alternatively, sweet tastes may have a specific effect on pain tolerance rather than the threshold and acute percept measures assayed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Mooney
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK,Anaesthesia, Pain & Critical Care Sciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Alexander J Davies
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Level 6 West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Anthony E Pickering
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK,Anaesthesia, Pain & Critical Care Sciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK,
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107
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Mooney ER, Davies AJ, Pickering AE. Sweet taste does not modulate pain perception in adult humans. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:43. [PMID: 32704547 PMCID: PMC7361508 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15726.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: It is commonly observed that humans who are in pain or discomfort seek solace in the form of sweet foods and drinks. Sugar is routinely used to comfort neonates undergoing painful procedures, and animal studies have shown that sucrose increases the time to withdrawal from painful stimuli. However, there are no published studies examining the effects of sweet substances on heat pain thresholds and percept in adult humans. Methods: Healthy adult volunteers (n=27, aged 18-48 years) were recruited to a controlled, double-blind, randomised, cross-over study to characterise the effect of tasting solutions of equivalent sweetness (10% sucrose and 0.016% sucralose) on warm detection and heat pain thresholds and the percept ratings of painfully hot stimuli. The effect of anticipation of a sweet taste on heat pain threshold was also assessed. Results: Tasting either sucrose or sucralose had no significant effect on the percept of an individually titrated hot stimulus (54.5±4.2 and 54.9±3.2 vs 53.2±3.5 for water, 0-100 visual analogue scale), on the warm detection or heat pain threshold (43.3±0.8, 43.2±0.8 vs 43.0±0.8°C). Anticipation of a sweet substance similarly did not affect heat pain thresholds. Conclusions: Sucrose and sucralose solutions had no analgesic effect when assessed using heat detection thresholds and percept ratings of painfully hot stimuli despite being perceived as sweeter and more pleasant than water. These findings are in contrast to results reported from previous animal studies in which thermal analgesia from sweet solutions is robust. Given the ubiquitous availability of sugar rich drinks in the modern environment, the lack of observable effect may be due to an insufficient hedonic value of the test solutions when compared to the experience of a laboratory rodent. Alternatively, sweet tastes may have a specific effect on pain tolerance rather than the threshold and acute percept measures assayed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Mooney
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK,Anaesthesia, Pain & Critical Care Sciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Alexander J Davies
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Level 6 West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Anthony E Pickering
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK,Anaesthesia, Pain & Critical Care Sciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK,
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108
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Yen JY, Lin HC, Lin PC, Liu TL, Long CY, Ko CH. Leptin and ghrelin concentrations and eating behaviors during the early and late luteal phase in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 118:104713. [PMID: 32460195 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we evaluated the changes in leptin and ghrelin concentrations, eating behavior, depression, and impulsivity and their correlations within the luteal phase among women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). METHODS In 63 women with PMDD and 53 healthy controls, we prospectively evaluated serum levels of leptin and ghrelin, Body Mass Index(BMI), and self-reported sweet cravings, cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, depression, and impulsivity during the early luteal (EL) and late luteal (LL) phases. RESULTS Compared with the controls, the women with PMDD had higher BMI, higher leptin concentrations in the EL and LL phase, and leptin concentrations increased from the EL to the LL phase. However, there is no significant difference in ghrelin. Women with PMDD increased sweet cravings and uncontrolled eating from EL to LL phase. No significant correlation was observed between the EL-LL changes in leptin or ghrelin concentrations and those in eating behaviors. Both depression and impulsivity correlated with sweet craving and uncontrolled eating. Depression mediated the association between PMDD and uncontrolled eating. The BMI of women with PMDD positively correlated with their EL-LL change in leptin, and LL depression levels and emotional eating. CONCLUSION Young women with PMDD had higher leptin concentrations and BMI in the luteal phase. The LL leptin level was not the primary factor responsible for the increased uncontrolled eating of PMDD. Whether the increased eating and depression in the LL phase contribute to the risk of obesity or hyperleptinemia among women with PMDD need to be evaluated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yu Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chi Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Cheng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Substance Addiction and Behavior Addiction, Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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109
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110
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Carlos M, Elena B, Teresa IM. Are Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Emotional Eating, Alcohol Intake, and Anxiety Related in University Students in Spain? Nutrients 2020; 12:E2224. [PMID: 32722507 PMCID: PMC7468871 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has suggested that university students are at risk from certain unhealthy habits, such as poor diet or alcohol abuse. At the same time, anxiety levels appear to be higher among university students, which may lead to high levels of emotional eating. The aim of this study was to analyze the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD), emotional eating, alcohol intake, and anxiety among Spanish university students, and the interrelationship of these variables. A total of 252 university students filled out the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) questionnaire for Mediterranean diet adherence, an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Emotional Eater Questionnaire. We analyzed descriptive data, a t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for differences, a Pearson correlation, and multiple regression tests. Results showed low levels of AMD among university students (15.5%) and considerable levels of emotional eating (29%) and anxiety (23.6%). However, levels of alcohol dependence were low (2.4%). State-anxiety was a predictor of the emotional eater score and its subscales, and sex also was predictive of subscale guilt and the total score. However, AMD was predicted only by trait-anxiety. These models accounted for between 1.9% and 19%. The results suggest the need for the implementation of educational programs to promote healthy habits among university students at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marchena Carlos
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernabéu Elena
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iglesias M. Teresa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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111
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Reichenberger J, Pannicke B, Arend AK, Petrowski K, Blechert J. Does stress eat away at you or make you eat? EMA measures of stress predict day to day food craving and perceived food intake as a function of trait stress-eating. Psychol Health 2020; 36:129-147. [PMID: 32578439 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2020.1781122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Eating behaviour can be driven by non-homeostatic factors like stress. Both increased and decreased food intake in response to stress has been documented, but it has remained difficult to identify a trait that predicts who shows either pattern. Thus, we collected naturalistic data from Ecological Momentary Assessment in combination with the trait-level Salzburg Stress Eating Scale (SSES). In study 1, 97 individuals completed the SSES and 6 daily reports about stress, food craving and perceived food intake across 8 days, whereas in study 2, 83 diet-interested participants completed the same measures at 4 daily prompts across 14 days. Consistent across both studies, multilevel modelling revealed that participants with high SSES-scores showed relatively more positive intra-day stress-craving relationships than those with low SSES-scores. On the day level, stress also predicted perceived food intake as a function of SSES-scores. Controlling for negative affect did not alter results. Results support an individual difference model of stress-eating where decrease vs increase of eating depends on SSES-scores. In affected individuals stress influences simultaneous food craving but might exhibit cumulative or delayed effects on food intake. Furthermore, the SSES provides a valid instrument for identifying at risk individuals and for tailoring interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Reichenberger
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Björn Pannicke
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ann-Kathrin Arend
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katja Petrowski
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medicine Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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112
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Intragastric fructose administration interacts with emotional state in homeostatic and hedonic brain regions. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:581-592. [PMID: 32558624 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1781326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Interoceptive properties of food may influence emotional state and its neural basis, as shown for fatty acids but remains unstudied for carbohydrates.Objectives: To study the effects of fructose and its interaction with sad emotion on brain activity in homeostatic and hedonic regions and investigate whether gut hormone responses can explain effects.Design: In 15 healthy subjects, brain activity for 40min after intragastric infusion of fructose (25g) or water was recorded using a cross-over pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) paradigm. Sad or neutral emotional states were induced by classical music and emotional facial expressions. Emotional state was assessed using the Self-Assessment Manikin. Blood samples were taken to assess gut hormone levels. Brain responses to fructose versus placebo, sad versus neutral emotion, and their interaction were analyzed over time in a single mask of a priori defined regions of interest at a voxel-level threshold of pFWEcorrected <0.05. Effects on emotion and hormones were tested using linear mixed models.Results: No main effects of fructose, emotion, or fructose-by-emotion interaction on emotional ratings were observed. Main effects of fructose, emotion and aninteraction effect were found on brain activity (medulla, midbrain, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, anterior insula, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala). An increase in circulating GLP-1 after fructose in neutral emotion was abolished during sad emotion (fructose-by-emotion-by-time, p=0.041). Ghrelin levels were higher in sad emotion (time-by-emotion, p=0.037).Conclusions: Emotional state interacts with brain and endocrine responses to intragastric infusion of 25 g of fructose, however such an effect was not found at behavioral level.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02946983.
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113
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Paternal restraint stress affects offspring metabolism via ATF-2 dependent mechanisms in Drosophila melanogaster germ cells. Commun Biol 2020; 3:208. [PMID: 32367035 PMCID: PMC7198565 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Paternal environmental factors can epigenetically influence gene expressions in offspring. We demonstrate that restraint stress, an experimental model for strong psychological stress, to fathers affects the epigenome, transcriptome, and metabolome of offspring in a MEKK1-dATF2 pathway-dependent manner in Drosophila melanogaster. Genes involved in amino acid metabolism are upregulated by paternal restraint stress, while genes involved in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are downregulated. The effects of paternal restraint stress are also confirmed by metabolome analysis. dATF-2 is highly expressed in testicular germ cells, and restraint stress also induces p38 activation in the testes. Restraint stress induces Unpaired 3 (Upd3), a Drosophila homolog of Interleukin 6 (IL-6). Moreover, paternal overexpression of upd3 in somatic cells disrupts heterochromatin in offspring but not in offspring from dATF-2 mutant fathers. These results indicate that paternal restraint stress affects metabolism in offspring via inheritance of dATF-2-dependent epigenetic changes. Ki-Hyeon Seong et al. report that paternal environmental stress affects the metabolism of their offspring in Drosophila melanogaster. They exposed male flies to stress by preventing them from moving for 10 hours at a time and then measured gene expression and metabolite levels in their offspring, who showed increased expression of amino acid and one-carbon metabolism-related genes and downregulation of glycolysis and the TCA cycle.
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114
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Turkoglu H, Brown L, Hudson P. The workplace meal: a migrant workers' perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-12-2018-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeEmployees eat at least one meal per day in the workplace on a regular basis, carrying implications for their physical and emotional well-being. For migrants, this can be challenging, owing to food culture differences. This study explores migrant workers’ perceptions of the food eaten in the hospitality workplace.Design/methodology/approachEleven in-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were carried out with migrant workers in three- and four-star hotels in the southwest of England.FindingsThe findings show that the food eaten in the workplace is perceived as unhealthy and fattening and therefore unappealing. This partly informs a decision to eat home country food away from work.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is needed across many more organisations to investigate whether this would actually have the positive impact on employee well-being (migrant or home national) and employer reputation.Practical implicationsProviding additional “off-menu” meals for migrant employees is recognised. However, staff turnover within the hotel environment may mean that dishes acceptable to one nationality may not be acceptable to another. Alternatively, it may be that attention to such details and the provision of a food offering that is seen as fit for purpose by staff may reduce turnover and demonstrate “care” on the part of the employer. An annual staff survey could be conducted to gauge employee opinion.Social implicationsThis study helps to show the significance of food for migrant well-being. It highlights that in increasingly globalised workplaces, food provision is important for both emotional and physical health. The study's findings have relevance to other multicultural workplaces where the food provided to staff may have consequences for employee well-being.Originality/valueLittle research has focused on the link between the food consumed in the hospitality workplace and migrant worker well-being. This study therefore makes an important contribution to knowledge by exploring feelings about the food eaten at work from the perspective of migrant workers themselves.
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Smith AD, Sanchez N, Reynolds C, Casamassima M, Verros M, Annameier SK, Melby C, Johnson SA, Lucas-Thompson RG, Shomaker LB. Associations of parental feeding practices and food reward responsiveness with adolescent stress-eating. Appetite 2020; 152:104715. [PMID: 32315656 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Rates of adolescent obesity have continued to rise over the past decade. As adolescence is an important time for developing eating habits that endure into adulthood, more information is needed about the potentially modifiable family- and individual-level factors that influence the development of common overeating behaviors such as stress-eating during adolescence. In this study, we conducted secondary data analyses to evaluate how parental feeding practices and adolescents' food reward responsiveness related to adolescents' stress-eating during a laboratory test meal. Participants were 90 healthy adolescents (50% female), 12-17 years of age (M = 14.3, SD = 1.7 years), at risk for excess weight gain (BMI percentile M = 92.7, SD = 7.5). Parental feeding behaviors were assessed with parent-report on the Child Feeding Questionnaire-Adolescent Version. Adolescents' relative reward value of food was measured with a behavioral task. Stress-eating was assessed as total energy intake from a buffet lunch meal after adolescents participated in the Trier Social Stress Test adapted for adolescents. Results revealed that parental concern about their child's weight (t = 2.27, p = .02) and adolescents' relative reward value of food (t = 2.24, p = .03) were related to greater stress-eating, controlling for BMI standard score, age, sex, and general perceived stress. Parental restriction was not related to stress-eating in this sample (p = .21). These findings suggest that parental attitudes about their adolescent's weight and adolescents' own internalized responsiveness to food as a reward may play a role in propensity to engage in overeating in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Smith
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Natalia Sanchez
- Colorado School of Public Health, 1612 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Chelsea Reynolds
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Milena Casamassima
- Colorado School of Public Health, 1612 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Megan Verros
- Colorado School of Public Health, 1612 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Shelly K Annameier
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Christopher Melby
- Colorado School of Public Health, 1612 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States; Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1501 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, 1501 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Rachel G Lucas-Thompson
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States; Colorado School of Public Health, 1612 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States.
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116
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Vanajan A, Stier-Jarmer M, Ivandic I, Schuh A, Sabariego C. Can Participants' Characteristics Predict Benefit from a Multimodal Burnout Prevention Program? Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial Conducted in Germany. Behav Med 2020; 46:120-129. [PMID: 31339815 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2019.1594671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic psychological distress appears to be increasing markedly among the working population. A recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) supported the effectiveness of a three-week outpatient burnout prevention program-comprised of stress management interventions, relaxation, physical exercise, and moor baths followed by massage-in reducing perceived stress and emotional exhaustion. However, the effectiveness of treatments in the real world that were shown to be efficacious in RCTs is related to the appropriate selection of individuals who are most likely to yield sustainable gains. Therefore, factors predicting the intensity of response and nonresponse of individuals to treatment are of interest. This secondary data analysis aims to explore predictors of response to the outpatient burnout prevention program in a sample of eighty employed persons at high risk of burnout. Hierarchical linear regression was performed to identify predictors of successful response-defined by lower perceived stress at last follow up. Nutritional behavior, symptoms of eating disorder syndrome, and well-being were significant predictors of perceived stress at last follow up, when adjusted for age, sex, education level, baseline stress values, and timing of intervention. Persons with low levels of well-being, poor nutritional behavior, and higher symptoms of eating disorders should be given special care and attention to ensure that they respond well to the outpatient burnout prevention program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushiya Vanajan
- Research group for Work and Retirement, Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands.,Community and Occupational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marita Stier-Jarmer
- Chair for Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ivana Ivandic
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Angela Schuh
- Chair for Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Sabariego
- Chair for Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Din ZU, Iqbal K, Khan I, Abbas M, Ghaffar F, Iqbal Z, Iqbal M, Ilyas M, Suleman M, Iqbal H. Tendency Towards Eating Disorders and Associated Sex-specific Risk Factors Among University Students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:258-263. [PMID: 31903033 DOI: 10.29399/npa.23609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Eating disorders have frequently been reported among young adults including university students. Detailed information on the prevalence and associated gender-specific determinants of eating disorders are lacking, particularly among students in the north western region of Pakistan. The current cross-sectional study was designed to fill this gap in the literature. Methods Total of 672 students (female: 56%, age range: 18-26 years) were enrolled and data collected between October 2016 and December 2017. The 26 items Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), Diet quality Index-International (DQI-I), 10 items Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (SES), Stunkard Figure Rating Scale, 19-items Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) were used. Body composition and anthropometry were determined using standardized tools. A cut-off of ≥20 EAT-26 score was used to assess the tendency towards eating disorders (EDT). Data was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results Mean (SD) age of the respondents was 21.7±2 years. Total of 103 (15.3%) students showed EDT with no statistical difference between sexes. Students with EDT had a much lower diet quality than normal students (p<0.001). Risk factors for EDT, in female students included young age (<20 years), on-campus residency, discordant body image and poor sleep quality, while those for males were vigorous lifestyle, insufficient monthly allowance, poor sleep quality and peer pressure. Conclusions A significant number of students showed a tendency towards an unhealthy eating attitude with some sex-specific risk factors. These students had poorer diet quality than normal students. Support to encourage healthy attitudes to eating and better diet quality could help to avert the development of clinical eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia Ud Din
- Department of Human Nutrition, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - Imran Khan
- Department of Human Nutrition, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Department of Human Nutrition, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fazia Ghaffar
- College of Home Economics, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Ilyas
- Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hamida Iqbal
- Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
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118
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Baratin C, Beune E, van Schalkwijk D, Meeks K, Smeeth L, Addo J, de-Graft Aikins A, Owusu-Dabo E, Bahendeka S, Mockenhaupt FP, Danquah I, Schulze MB, Spranger J, Boateng D, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Stronks K, Agyemang C. Differential associations between psychosocial stress and obesity among Ghanaians in Europe and in Ghana: findings from the RODAM study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:45-56. [PMID: 30859237 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychosocial stress is associated with obesity in some populations, but it is unclear whether the association is related to migration. This study explored associations between psychosocial stress and obesity among Ghanaian migrants in Europe and non-migrant Ghanaians in Ghana. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the RODAM study were used, including 5898 Ghanaians residing in Germany, the UK, the Netherlands, rural Ghana, and urban Ghana. Perceived discrimination, negative life events and stress at work or at home were examined in relation to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Linear regression analyses were performed separately for migrants and non-migrants stratified by sex. RESULTS Perceived discrimination was not associated with BMI and WC in both migrants and non-migrants. However, negative life events were positively associated with BMI (β = 0.78, 95% CI 0.34-1.22) and WC (β = 1.96, 95% CI 0.79-3.12) among male Ghanaian migrants. Similarly, stress at work or at home was positively associated with BMI (β = 0.28, 95% CI 0.00-0.56) and WC (β = 0.84, 95% CI 0.05-1.63) among male Ghanaian migrants. Among non-migrant Ghanaians, in contrast, stress at work or at home was inversely associated with BMI and WC in both males (β = - 0.66, 95% CI - 1.03 to - 0.28; β = - 1.71 95% CI - 2.69 to - 0.73, respectively) and females (β = - 0.81, 95% CI - 1.20 to - 0.42; β = - 1.46, 95% CI - 2.30 to - 0.61, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Negative life events and stress at work or at home are associated with increased body weight among male Ghanaians in European settings, whereas stress at work or at home is associated with reduced body weight among Ghanaians in Ghana. More work is needed to understand the underlying factors driving these differential associations to assist prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Baratin
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam University College, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Beune
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Karlijn Meeks
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Juliet Addo
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ama de-Graft Aikins
- Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Ellis Owusu-Dabo
- School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Frank P Mockenhaupt
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ina Danquah
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.,Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin Charite Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Boateng
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch
- Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bidirectional associations between food groups and depressive symptoms: longitudinal findings from the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:439-450. [PMID: 30588894 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated bidirectional associations between intake of food groups and depressive symptoms in 1058 Italian participants (aged 20-102 years) of the Invecchiare in Chianti study. Dietary intake, assessed with a validated FFQ, and depressive symptoms, measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D), were assessed at baseline and after 3, 6 and 9 years. Associations of repeated measurements of intakes of thirteen food groups with 3-year changes in depressive symptoms, and vice versa, were analysed using linear mixed models and logistic generalised estimating equations. Fish intake was inversely (quartile (Q)4 v. Q1, B=-0·97, 95 % CI -1·74, -0·21) and sweet food intake positively (Q4 v. Q1, B=1·03, 95 % CI 0·25, 1·81) associated with subsequent CES-D score. In the other direction, higher CES-D scores were associated with decreases in intakes of vegetables (ratio: 0·995, 95 % CI 0·990, 0·999) and red and processed meat (B=-0·006, 95 % CI -0·010, -0·001), an increase in dairy product intake (ratio: 1·008, 95 % CI 1·004, 1·013), and increasing odds of eating savoury snacks (OR: 1·012, 95 % CI 1·000, 1·024). Fruit, nuts and legumes, potatoes, wholegrain bread, olive oil, sugar-sweetened beverages, and coffee and tea were not significantly associated in either direction. Our study confirmed bidirectional associations between food group intakes and depressive symptoms. Fish and sweet food intakes were associated with 3-year improvement and deterioration in depressive symptoms, respectively. Depressive symptoms were associated with 3-year changes in vegetable, meat, dairy product and savoury snack intakes. Trials are necessary to examine the causal associations between food groups and depression.
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120
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Adan RAH, van der Beek EM, Buitelaar JK, Cryan JF, Hebebrand J, Higgs S, Schellekens H, Dickson SL. Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:1321-1332. [PMID: 31735529 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Does it matter what we eat for our mental health? Accumulating data suggests that this may indeed be the case and that diet and nutrition are not only critical for human physiology and body composition, but also have significant effects on mood and mental wellbeing. While the determining factors of mental health are complex, increasing evidence indicates a strong association between a poor diet and the exacerbation of mood disorders, including anxiety and depression, as well as other neuropsychiatric conditions. There are common beliefs about the health effects of certain foods that are not supported by solid evidence and the scientific evidence demonstrating the unequivocal link between nutrition and mental health is only beginning to emerge. Current epidemiological data on nutrition and mental health do not provide information about causality or underlying mechanisms. Future studies should focus on elucidating mechanism. Randomized controlled trials should be of high quality, adequately powered and geared towards the advancement of knowledge from population-based observations towards personalized nutrition. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging field of nutritional psychiatry, exploring the scientific evidence exemplifying the importance of a well-balanced diet for mental health. We conclude that an experimental medicine approach and a mechanistic understanding is required to provide solid evidence on which future policies on diet and nutrition for mental health can be based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A H Adan
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Eline M van der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- Suzanne Higgs School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Harriet Schellekens
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Suzanne L Dickson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Yang X, Casement M, Yokum S, Stice E. Negative affect amplifies the relation between appetitive-food-related neural responses and weight gain over three-year follow-up among adolescents. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 24:102067. [PMID: 31795036 PMCID: PMC6861567 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of negative affect and hippocampal food-image response predicts BMI gain. Interaction of negative affect, vermis and precuneus food response predicts BMI gain. Interaction of stress and middle occipital gyrus milkshake response predicts BMI gain. Weight gain associated with restrained eating and eating-disorder related behavior.
Obesity is a major public health concern that is associated with disruption in food reward-related brain function. This study examined if negative affect and stressful events enhance the relation between the food reward-related neural response and future weight gain. Initially healthy weight adolescents (N = 135) completed fMRI paradigms in which they tasted milkshakes and viewed palatable food images, and reported on negative affect and stressful events at baseline; BMI was measured annually over 3-year follow-up. Whole-brain analyses revealed that among participants with higher negative affect, weight gain over 3-year follow-up was predicted by elevated response to appetitive versus unappetitive food images in the left hippocampus, and elevated response in the vermis and the bilateral precuneus to tastes of milkshake versus tasteless solution. Among participants who experienced more stressful events, elevated right middle occipital gyrus response to milkshakes predicted future weight gain. Profiling analyses suggested that participants with higher negative affect or more stressful events who later gained weight reported engaging in more restrained eating and eating disorder-related behaviors. Results suggest that negative affect or stressful events may amplify the relation of neural response to food and the risk for future weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx St, Eugene, OR 97403, United States.
| | - M Casement
- University of Oregon, 1451 Onyx St, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - S Yokum
- Oregon Research Institute, 1776 Millrace Drive, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - E Stice
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
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122
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Stamp E, Crust L, Swann C. Mental toughness and dietary behaviours in undergraduate university students. Appetite 2019; 142:104389. [PMID: 31376439 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dietary behaviour of university students is a growing concern and a potential contributor to weight gain during university studies. Individual differences may be one factor that influences how students respond and adapt when entering a new environment. Mental toughness (MT) is an individual difference which has previously been found to be significantly and positively related to health behaviours (e.g., physical activity, psychological wellbeing), thus it was hypothesised that MT would predict eating behaviours of university students. Undergraduate students (n = 167) completed an online questionnaire to assess MT and eating behaviours. Students were included from all three years of undergraduate study and from a range of courses at nine UK institutions. Pearson correlations were conducted between MT variables and eating behaviour variables. The MT component life control displayed the strongest relationship with healthy eating (r = 0.24, p < .001). Regression analysis found weak relationships between the components of MT that were related to eating behaviours. Thus, factors other than MT may play a greater role influencing eating behaviours of university students. It may be that MT is more important in adhering to programmes to change dietary behvaiours, rather than simply eating healthily.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee Crust
- University of Lincoln, Brayford Way, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Christian Swann
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia; Centre for Athlete Development, Experience & Performance, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
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123
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A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Relative Effectiveness of the Multiple Traffic Light and Nutri-Score Front of Package Nutrition Labels. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092236. [PMID: 31533256 PMCID: PMC6770629 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this trial was to test two promising front-of-pack nutrition labels, 1) the United Kingdom’s Multiple Traffic Lights (MTL) label and 2) France’s Nutri-Score (NS), relative to a no-label control. We hypothesized that both labels would improve diet quality but NS would be more effective due to its greater simplicity. We tested this hypothesis via an online grocery store using a 3 × 3 crossover (within-person) design with 154 participants. Outcomes assessed via within person regression models include a modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010 (primary), average Nutri-Score, calories purchased, and singular measures of diet quality of purchase orders. Results show that both labels significantly improve modified AHEI scores relative to Control but neither is statistically superior using this measure. NS performed statistically better than MTL and Control based on average Nutri-Score, yet, unlike MTL it did not statistically reduce calories or sugar from beverages. This suggest that NS may be preferred if the goal is to improve overall diet quality but, because calories are clearly displayed on the label, MTL may perform better if the goal is to reduce total energy intake.
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Duraccio KM, Krietsch KN, Chardon ML, Van Dyk TR, Beebe DW. Poor sleep and adolescent obesity risk: a narrative review of potential mechanisms. ADOLESCENT HEALTH MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS 2019; 10:117-130. [PMID: 31572040 PMCID: PMC6749827 DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s219594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Poor sleep is related to increased obesity risk in adolescents, though the mechanisms of this relationship are unclear. This paper presents a conceptual framework of the various pathways that have been proposed to drive this relationship. In this framework, increased food reward, emotional reactivity, decreased inhibitory control, metabolic disturbances, poorer dietary quality, and disrupted meal timings may increase the likelihood of increasing overall energy intake. This paper further notes how poor sleep increases sedentary behavior and screen time, which likely limits overall energy expenditure. The model posits that these mechanisms result in an imbalance of energy intake and expenditure following poor sleep, intensifying the overall risk for obesity. Increases in food reward processes, decreases in insulin sensitivity, disrupted meal timing, and increases in sedentary behavior seem to be the most compelling mechanisms linking poor sleep with increased obesity risk in adolescents. Future directions and clinical implications of this framework are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M Duraccio
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Center, Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology Department, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kendra N Krietsch
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Center, Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology Department, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marie L Chardon
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Center, Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology Department, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tori R Van Dyk
- Loma Linda University, Department of Psychology, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Dean W Beebe
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Center, Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology Department, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Egan AE, Seemiller LR, Packard AEB, Solomon MB, Ulrich-Lai YM. Palatable food reduces anxiety-like behaviors and HPA axis responses to stress in female rats in an estrous-cycle specific manner. Horm Behav 2019; 115:104557. [PMID: 31310760 PMCID: PMC6765440 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eating tasty foods dampens responses to stress - an idea reflected in the colloquial term 'comfort foods'. To study the neurobiological mechanisms by which palatable foods provide stress relief, we previously characterized a limited sucrose intake (LSI) paradigm in which male rats are given twice-daily access to 4 ml of 30% sucrose solution (vs. water as a control), and subsequently have reduced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis responsivity and anxiety-related behaviors. Notably, women may be more prone to 'comfort feeding' than men, and this may vary across the menstrual cycle, suggesting the potential for important sex and estrous cycle differences. In support of this idea, LSI reduces HPA axis responses in female rats during the proestrus/estrus (P/E), as opposed to the diestrus 1/diestrus 2 (D1/D2) estrous cycle stage. However, the effect of LSI on anxiety-related behaviors in females remains unknown. Here we show that LSI reduced stress-related behaviors in female rats in the elevated plus-maze and restraint tests, but not in the open field test, though only during P/E. LSI also decreased the HPA axis stress response primarily during P/E, consistent with prior findings. Finally, cFos immunolabeling (a marker of neuronal activation) revealed that LSI increased post-restraint cFos in the central amygdala medial subdivision (CeM) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis posterior subnuclei (BSTp) exclusively during P/E. These results suggest that in female rats, palatable food reduces both behavioral and neuroendocrine stress responses in an estrous cycle-dependent manner, and the CeM and BSTp are implicated as potential mediators of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Egan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Laurel R Seemiller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Amy E B Packard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Matia B Solomon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Yvonne M Ulrich-Lai
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA.
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126
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Talavera M, Sasse AM. Gathering consumer terminology using focus groups—An example with beauty care. J SENS STUD 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Talavera
- Center for Sensory Analysis and Consumer Behavior, Department of Foods, Nutrition, Dietetics, and HealthKansas State University Olathe Kansas
| | - Audra M. Sasse
- Center for Sensory Analysis and Consumer Behavior, Department of Foods, Nutrition, Dietetics, and HealthKansas State University Olathe Kansas
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127
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López-Galán B, de-Magistris T. Testing Emotional Eating Style in Relation to Willingness to Pay for Nutritional Claims. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081773. [PMID: 31374898 PMCID: PMC6723849 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In face of the high prevalence of non-communicable diseases, nutritional claims represent a useful tool to help people to make healthier food choices. However, recent research notes that when some people experience an intense emotional state, they increase their food consumption, particularly of energy-dense and sweet foods. In consequence, this study aims to assess whether emotional eating (EE) style influences the purchase of food products carrying these claims. To this end, a real choice experiment (RCE) was conducted with 306 participants who were asked to evaluate different types of toast. An error component random parameter logit (ECRPL) was used to analyze their preferences for reduced-fat and low-salt claims toast and the effects of the variation of the EE score on individual preferences. Findings of this study suggest that emotional eating negatively impacts purchasing behavior related to nutritional claims. In particular, a decrease of the willingness to pay between 9% and 16% for every unit of toast with nutritional claims was noted when an increase of EE individual score was registered. In this regard, to increase the effectiveness of the nutritional claims, policymakers and private sectors should consider the management of individuals’ emotional states in designing public health policies and marketing strategies, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda López-Galán
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Economía Agroalimentaria y de los Recursos Naturales, Saragossa 50013, Spain
| | - Tiziana de-Magistris
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Economía Agroalimentaria y de los Recursos Naturales, Saragossa 50013, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Saragossa 50059, Spain.
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128
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Lattin CR, Merullo DP, Riters LV, Carson RE. In vivo imaging of D 2 receptors and corticosteroids predict behavioural responses to captivity stress in a wild bird. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10407. [PMID: 31320692 PMCID: PMC6639298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46845-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual physiological variation may underlie individual differences in behaviour in response to stressors. This study tested the hypothesis that individual variation in dopamine and corticosteroid physiology in wild house sparrows (Passer domesticus, n = 15) would significantly predict behaviour and weight loss in response to a long-term stressor, captivity. We found that individuals that coped better with captivity (fewer anxiety-related behaviours, more time spent feeding, higher body mass) had lower baseline and higher stress-induced corticosteroid titres at capture. Birds with higher striatal D2 receptor binding (examined using positron emission tomography (PET) with 11C-raclopride 24 h post-capture) spent more time feeding in captivity, but weighed less, than birds with lower D2 receptor binding. In the subset of individuals imaged a second time, D2 receptor binding decreased in captivity in moulting birds, and larger D2 decreases were associated with increased anxiety behaviours 2 and 4 weeks post-capture. This suggests changes in dopaminergic systems could be one physiological mechanism underlying negative behavioural effects of chronic stress. Non-invasive technologies like PET have the potential to transform our understanding of links between individual variation in physiology and behaviour and elucidate which neuroendocrine phenotypes predict stress resilience, a question with important implications for both humans and wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Lattin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Devin P Merullo
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lauren V Riters
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Biological underpinnings from psychosocial stress towards appetite and obesity during youth: research implications towards metagenomics, epigenomics and metabolomics. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 32:282-293. [PMID: 31298176 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress, uncontrolled eating and obesity are three interrelated epidemiological phenomena already present during youth. This broad narrative conceptual review summarises main biological underpinnings of the stress-diet-obesity pathway and how new techniques can further knowledge. Cortisol seems the main biological factor from stress towards central adiposity; and diet, physical activity and sleep are the main behavioural pathways. Within stress-diet, the concepts of comfort food and emotional eating are highlighted, as cortisol affects reward pathways and appetite brain centres with a role for insulin, leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), endocannabinoids, orexin and gastrointestinal hormones. More recently researched biological underpinnings are microbiota, epigenetic modifications and metabolites. First, the gut microbiota reaches the stress-regulating and appetite-regulating brain centres via the gut-brain axis. Second, epigenetic analyses are recommended as diet, obesity, stress and gut microbiota can change gene expression which then affects appetite, energy homeostasis and stress reactivity. Finally, metabolomics would be a good technique to disentangle stress-diet-obesity interactions as multiple biological pathways are involved. Saliva might be an ideal biological matrix as it allows metagenomic (oral microbiota), epigenomic and metabolomic analyses. In conclusion, stress and diet/obesity research should be combined in interdisciplinary collaborations with implementation of several -omics analyses.
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130
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Buodo G, Rumiati R, Lotto L, Sarlo M. Does food-drink pairings affect appetitive processing of food cues with different rewarding properties? Evidence from subjective, behavioral, and neural measures. Food Qual Prefer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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131
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Bridging the Reciprocal Gap between Sleep and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: A Review of the Evidence, Potential Mechanisms, Implications, and Directions for Future Work. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061382. [PMID: 31248175 PMCID: PMC6627504 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A substantial burden of disease and mortality globally is attributable to both sleep disruption and low intakes of fruit and vegetable (FV) and there is increasing mechanistic and epidemiological evidence to support a reciprocal relationship between the two. This review provides an overview of experimental and observational studies assessing the relations between sleep and FV consumption from 52 human adult studies. Experimental studies are currently limited and show inconsistent results. Observational studies support a non-linear association with adults sleeping the recommended 7–9 hours/day having the highest intakes of FV. The potential mechanisms linking sleep and FV consumption are highlighted. Disrupted sleep influences FV consumption through homeostatic and non-homeostatic mechanisms. Conversely, FV consumption may influence sleep through polyphenol content via several potential pathways. Few human experimental studies have examined the effects of FV items and their polyphenols on sleep and there is a need for more studies to address this. An appreciation of the relationship between sleep and FV consumption may help optimize sleep and FV consumption and may reduce the burden of chronic diseases. This review provides implications for public health and directions for future work.
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132
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Saleh-Ghadimi S, Dehghan P, Abbasalizad Farhangi M, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Jafari-Vayghan H. Could emotional eating act as a mediator between sleep quality and food intake in female students? Biopsychosoc Med 2019; 13:15. [PMID: 31236132 PMCID: PMC6580454 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-019-0154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poor sleep quality is associated with overeating and unhealthy eating. The aim of this study was to investigate if emotional eating could act as a mediator between poor sleep quality and energy/macronutrients intake. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed with 150 female school-age students, 13 to 19 years old, living in Tabriz, Iran. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Emotional Eating Questionnaire (EEQ) were completed for data collection. Intake of energy and proportion of calorie from carbohydrate, protein, and fat were evaluated by a semi-quantified food frequency questionnaire. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results The mean (SD) of age, weight, and BMI were not statistically different between poor and good sleepers. The mean (SD) of PSQI score was 6.73 ± 2.88, with 75.3% of the participants experiencing poor sleep quality (PSQI> 5). Students with poor sleep quality had increased energy intake and their proportion of calorie intake from fat was higher (p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between poor sleep quality and emotional eating; however, emotional eating did not mediate the relationship between poor sleep quality and energy/macronutrients intake. Conclusions Emotional eating did not act as a mediator between poor sleep quality and energy/macronutrients intake in female students. However, poor sleep quality directly influenced energy intake and the proportion of calorie intake from fat as well as emotional eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Saleh-Ghadimi
- 1Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- 2Department of Biochemistry & Diet Therapy, Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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133
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Mood and appetite: Their relationship with discretionary and total daily energy intake. Physiol Behav 2019; 207:122-131. [PMID: 31085210 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative affect is shown consistently to promote unhealthy food choices and dietary intake in laboratory studies. However, this relationship in naturalistic settings is less clear and previous research is limited by dietary assessment methodology and neglects to account for several important moderating variables. This observational study aimed to examine the association of negative affect and other psychological factors associated with eating behaviour simultaneously with discretionary energy intake and total energy intake, and whether these were moderated by emotional eating predisposition or age, sex and weight status. METHODS One hundred adults completed a four-day food diary, a concurrent end-of-day questionnaire that assessed daily affect and experience of appetite, and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire to assess trait eating behaviour. Food diaries provided data on participants' daily intake of total energy and of "discretionary items" (specific energy-dense and nutrient poor foods and beverages as defined by the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating). Stepwise random effects models were used to estimate the association of end-of-day ratings, trait eating behaviour and personal factors, and their interactions, with discretionary and total energy intake. RESULTS Daily rated negative affect and appetite were significantly and positively associated with discretionary intake, such that a one unit increase in each scale was associated with eating 139 kJ/d [SE 61] and 194 kJ/d [SE 68] more discretionary energy, respectively. Negative affect and its interaction with emotional eating were consistently, positively associated with discretionary energy intake. This relationship was strongest in younger participants (β = -4.9 [SE 2.2], p < .05). There was no interaction with sex or weight status. Total energy intake was not associated with negative affect nor its interaction with emotional eating but was consistently associated with appetite. CONCLUSION When personal factors (age, sex, BMI), trait eating behaviours and daily rated negative affect and appetite are considered simultaneously, daily discretionary intake is associated most strongly with negative affect. Individuals, particularly young adults, may be more likely to overeat discretionary energy on days that negative affect is rated more highly. However, this may not necessarily translate into greater total energy intake which was most consistently associated with daily rated appetite.
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134
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Slomp M, Belegri E, Blancas‐Velazquez AS, Diepenbroek C, Eggels L, Gumbs MC, Joshi A, Koekkoek LL, Lamuadni K, Ugur M, Unmehopa UA, la Fleur SE, Mul JD. Stressing the importance of choice: Validity of a preclinical free-choice high-caloric diet paradigm to model behavioural, physiological and molecular adaptations during human diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12718. [PMID: 30958590 PMCID: PMC6593820 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Humans have engineered a dietary environment that has driven the global prevalence of obesity and several other chronic metabolic diseases to pandemic levels. To prevent or treat obesity and associated comorbidities, it is crucial that we understand how our dietary environment, especially in combination with a sedentary lifestyle and/or daily-life stress, can dysregulate energy balance and promote the development of an obese state. Substantial mechanistic insight into the maladaptive adaptations underlying caloric overconsumption and excessive weight gain has been gained by analysing brains from rodents that were eating prefabricated nutritionally-complete pellets of high-fat diet (HFD). Although long-term consumption of HFDs induces chronic metabolic diseases, including obesity, they do not model several important characteristics of the modern-day human diet. For example, prefabricated HFDs ignore the (effects of) caloric consumption from a fluid source, do not appear to model the complex interplay in humans between stress and preference for palatable foods, and, importantly, lack any aspect of choice. Therefore, our laboratory uses an obesogenic free-choice high-fat high-sucrose (fc-HFHS) diet paradigm that provides rodents with the opportunity to choose from several diet components, varying in palatability, fluidity, texture, form and nutritive content. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding how the fc-HFHS diet disrupts peripheral metabolic processes and produces adaptations in brain circuitries that govern homeostatic and hedonic components of energy balance. Current insight suggests that the fc-HFHS diet has good construct and face validity to model human diet-induced chronic metabolic diseases, including obesity, because it combines the effects of food palatability and energy density with the stimulating effects of variety and choice. We also highlight how behavioural, physiological and molecular adaptations might differ from those induced by prefabricated HFDs that lack an element of choice. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of using the fc-HFHS diet for preclinical studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo Slomp
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Evita Belegri
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Aurea S. Blancas‐Velazquez
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Charlene Diepenbroek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Leslie Eggels
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Myrtille C.R. Gumbs
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anil Joshi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Laura L. Koekkoek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Khalid Lamuadni
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Muzeyyen Ugur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Unga A. Unmehopa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Susanne E. la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joram D. Mul
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of EndocrinologyDepartment of Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Metabolism and Reward GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Factors Affecting Consumer Food Preferences: Food Taste and Depression-Based Evoked Emotional Expressions with the Use of Face Reading Technology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2097415. [PMID: 31119155 PMCID: PMC6500715 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2097415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, several factors (social status, age, gender, education, knowledge about healthy eating, and attitude to food) affecting consumer food choices (FC), including the relationship between the taste of food, FC, and depression, were analysed by using sensory traits and face reading technology. The first stage of the experimental scheme was the analysis of factors affecting consumer food preferences by using a questionnaire, while the second stage was evaluation of emotional expressions evoked by different food tastes in individuals with and without depressive disorders (DD), using the FaceReader 6 software. We show that gender is a significant factor for most emotional motivations, with a higher effect in females where there was an indication of increased cravings for sweets when feeling depressed. Age was a significant factor in the motivation to eat for positive feelings, while education had a significant influence on perceptions regarding healthy eating. Face reading technology was found to be sufficiently accurate to detect differences in facial expressions induced by different tastes of food, for groups with and without DD. In conclusion, many factors are of high importance in the analysis of food choices, and the results obtained using the FaceReader 6 technique are very promising for food-mood relation analysis. We suggest that mood has a strong link with the choice of food.
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136
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Elstgeest LEM, Winkens LHH, Penninx BWJH, Brouwer IA, Visser M. Associations of depressive symptoms and history with three a priori diet quality indices in middle-aged and older adults. J Affect Disord 2019; 249:394-403. [PMID: 30822662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for the diet-depression link is growing but longitudinal studies on the reverse association are scarce. We investigated associations of (1) current depressive symptoms, (2) short-term changes in and (3) long-term history of depressive symptoms with three a priori diet quality indices. METHODS Data were from participants (≥ 55 years) of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). The Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet (DASH) were derived in 2014/2015. Depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale; CES-D) were assessed in 2014/2015 and at five regular 3-yearly cycles from 2001-2003 to 2015/2016. Associations between three depression determinants and the diet indices were analysed by multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS Cross-sectionally (n = 1312), current depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16) were associated with lower MDS (adjusted B = -1.21, 95%CI = -2.41, -0.023) and AHEI (B = -2.72, 95%CI = -5.24, -0.20) scores in men only. Chronic/recurrent depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16 in both 2011-2013 and 2015/2016) were associated with lower MDS scores (n = 1233; B = -2.22, 95%CI = -3.40, -1.04) and a trend for lower AHEI scores (B = -2.37, 95%CI = -4.92, 0.18), compared to no depressive symptoms (twice CES-D < 16). History of depressive symptoms (ever CES-D ≥ 16 from 2001-2003 to 2011-2013; n = 687) was associated with lower MDS (B = -1.87, 95%CI = -3.47, -0.27) and AHEI (B = -4.33, 95%CI = -7.54, -1.13) scores in men only. No associations were found with the DASH score. LIMITATIONS Single dietary data collection impeded investigation of prospective depression-diet associations. CONCLUSIONS Our study in middle-aged and older adults suggests that current and past depressive symptoms are associated with poorer diet quality, particularly in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liset E M Elstgeest
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura H H Winkens
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg A Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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137
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Bermejo-Martins E, Mujika A, Iriarte A, Pumar-Méndez MJ, Belintxon M, Ruiz-Zaldibar C, Lopez-Dicastillo O. Social and emotional competence as key element to improve healthy lifestyles in children: A randomized controlled trial. J Adv Nurs 2019; 75:1764-1781. [PMID: 30972808 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To show the results of an exploratory trial based on social and emotional learning to promote healthy lifestyles in 5-6 aged children. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial. METHOD The study was conducted from 2015-2016. Thirty-seven children were allocated to the intervention group (N = 19) and control group (N = 18). A multi-method and multi-component evaluation approach was used to capture the preliminary efficacy, acceptability, and feasibility of the programme. Repeat measures ANOVA followed by an ANCOVA tests were applied for the inferential analysis and for qualitative data, a content analysis was used. RESULTS Positive effects on emotional perception and resilience were found in children's intervention group. Children and families showed high programme's acceptability and a wide range of barriers and facilitators were identified during the implementation process. CONCLUSION Predicted mechanisms to improve healthy lifestyles in children throughout social and emotional competence seem to be supported by some of the study's results. However more research is needed to replicate such results and confirm these mechanisms. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02975544.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bermejo-Martins
- Community Nursing and Midwifery Department, School of Nursing, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,ImPuLS Research Group, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Agurtzane Mujika
- Community Nursing and Midwifery Department, School of Nursing, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,ImPuLS Research Group, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andrea Iriarte
- Community Nursing and Midwifery Department, School of Nursing, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,ImPuLS Research Group, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Salud de Olite, Navarra Health Service, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Pumar-Méndez
- Community Nursing and Midwifery Department, School of Nursing, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,ImPuLS Research Group, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maider Belintxon
- Community Nursing and Midwifery Department, School of Nursing, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,ImPuLS Research Group, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cayetana Ruiz-Zaldibar
- Community Nursing and Midwifery Department, School of Nursing, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,ImPuLS Research Group, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Olga Lopez-Dicastillo
- Community Nursing and Midwifery Department, School of Nursing, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,ImPuLS Research Group, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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138
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[Emotional therapies for overweight or obesity]. Encephale 2019; 45:263-270. [PMID: 30961969 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a public health problem. But care, mainly diets, is often ineffective over the long term. Emotional therapies seem to be an interesting track especially for emotional eating. After defining two key concepts of emotional eating and acceptance, the theoretical frameworks of the different emotional therapies used in the treatment of overweight or obesity will be presented: Mindfulness-Based for Eating Disorder (MB-EAT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Acceptance-Based Behavioral Treatment for Weight Loss (ABT). The goal is to understand their usefulness in the treatment of overweight or obesity and perhaps avoid using contradictory techniques such as dieting with mindfulness. If current results are promising, the effectiveness of these therapies needs to be confirmed by new studies. Finally, the article points to the emergence of new "integrative" therapies that resemble the others presented and are related but are in fact the exact opposite. Control and acceptance are indeed antithetical.
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139
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Abstract
In the past couple of decades the coffee market has exploded, and to remain competitive, it is important to identify the key drivers for consumer acceptance of coffee. This study expanded on the previous emotion study on a population of coffee drinkers in Manhattan, Kansas, USA and focused on identifying the sensory drivers of emotional responses elicited during the coffee drinking experience (CDE). A trained coffee panel performed a descriptive analysis of six coffee samples and identified the key sensory attributes that discriminated each coffee. Utilizing Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), the descriptive data were then mapped with the emotion data to identify sensory drivers for eliciting the emotional responses. The sensory characteristics of dark roast coffee (roast–aroma and flavor, burnt–aroma and flavor, bitter, and body) might elicit positive-high energy feelings for this population of coffee users. Tobacco (flavor) and cocoa (aroma) may also be responsible for positive emotions (content, good, and pleasant). Citrus and acidity seemed to be negative sensory drivers as they induced the feeling of off-balance. Sensory descriptive data could be useful to describe emotion profiles elicited by coffee drinking, which could help the coffee industry create coffee products for different segments of coffee drinkers.
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140
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Mackey L, White MJ, Tyack Z, Finlayson G, Dalton M, King NA. A dual-process psychobiological model of temperament predicts liking and wanting for food and trait disinhibition. Appetite 2019; 134:9-16. [PMID: 30553877 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A dual-process model of temperament, incorporating the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS), Behavioural Activation System (BAS) and effortful control (EC), may help to predict hedonic responses to palatable food and trait disinhibition. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine if the BIS, BAS and EC predicted liking and wanting for high-fat, sweet foods in adults with overweight and obesity, and if collectively, these variables predicted the eating behaviour trait of Disinhibition. METHODS 168 adults (104 females, mean BMI = 33.3 kg/m2) completed the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, the Carver and White BIS/BAS scales, the Adult Temperament Questionnaire-Effortful Control Scale - Short Form and the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire. The strength of the BIS, BAS and EC in predicting wanting and liking for high-fat sweet foods, and trait Disinhibition was assessed using hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS Both the BIS and EC predicted liking, F (6, 161) = 5.05, p < .001, R2 = 0.16, and EC inversely predicted wanting, F (6, 161) = 3.28, p = .005, R2 = 0.11. The BIS, EC and liking predicted, F (8, 159) = 11.0, p < .001, R2 = 0.36, and explained 36% of Disinhibition. The BAS did not predict wanting, liking or Disinhibition. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that a sensitive BIS and a lower level of effortful control predicts food reward and Disinhibition in overweight and obese adults. Consequently, interventions that aim to increase effortful control and reduce BIS reactivity may be beneficial for reducing hedonically motivated, disinhibited eating behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Mackey
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove Campus, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
| | - Melanie J White
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove Campus, School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
| | - Zephanie Tyack
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove Campus, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia; The University of Queensland, Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Children's Health Research Centre, Graham Street, South Brisbane, 4101, QLD, Australia; Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton Hospital, Canning St, Rockhampton, 4700, QLD, Australia.
| | - Graham Finlayson
- University of Leeds, Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Michelle Dalton
- Leeds Trinity University, School of Social and Health Sciences, Horsforth, Leeds, LS18 5HD, UK.
| | - Neil A King
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove Campus, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
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141
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Lyte JM. Eating for 3.8 × 10 13: Examining the Impact of Diet and Nutrition on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Through the Lens of Microbial Endocrinology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 9:796. [PMID: 30761092 PMCID: PMC6361751 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of host-microbe neuroendocrine crosstalk, termed microbial endocrinology, suggests the impact of diet on host health and microbial viability is, in part, reliant upon nutritional modulation of shared host-microbe neuroendocrine axes. In the 1990's it was first recognized that neuroendocrine pathways are major components of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and that diet-induced changes in the gut microbiota were correlated with changes in host behavior and cognition. A causative link, however, between nutritional-induced shifts in microbiota composition and change in host behavior has yet to be fully elucidated. Substrates found in food which are utilized by bacteria in the production of microbial-derived neurochemicals, which are structurally identical to those made by the host, likely represent a microbial endocrinology-based route by which the microbiota causally influence the host and microbial community dynamics via diet. For example, food safety is strongly impacted by the microbial production of biogenic amines. While microbial-produced tyramine found in cheese can elicit hypertensive crises, microorganisms which are common inhabitants of the human intestinal tract can convert L-histidine found in common foodstuffs to histamine and thereby precipitate allergic reactions. Hence, there is substantial evidence suggesting a microbial endocrinology-based role by which the gastrointestinal microbiota can utilize host dietary components to produce neuroactive molecules that causally impact the host. Conversely, little is known regarding the reverse scenario whereby nutrition-mediated changes in host neuroendocrine production affect microbial viability, composition, and/or function. Mechanisms in the direction of brain-to-gut, such as how host production of catecholamines drives diverse changes in microbial growth and functionality within the gut, require greater examination considering well-known nutritional effects on host stress physiology. As dietary intake mediates changes in host stress, such as the effects of caffeine on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, it is likely that nutrition can impact host neuroendocrine production to affect the microbiota. Likewise, the plasticity of the microbiota to changes in host diet has been hypothesized to drive microbial regulation of host food preference via a host-microbe feedback loop. This review will focus on food as concerns microbial endocrinology with emphasis given to nutrition as a mediator of host-microbe bi-directional neuroendocrine crosstalk and its impact on microbial viability and host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Lyte
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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142
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Fiegel A, Childress A, Beekman TL, Seo HS. Variations in Food Acceptability with Respect to Pitch, Tempo, and Volume Levels of Background Music. Multisens Res 2019; 32:319-346. [PMID: 31137005 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-20191429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether pitch, tempo, and volume levels of music stimuli affect sensory perception and acceptance of foods. A traditional music piece was arranged into versions at two pitches, two tempos, and two volumes. For each session, chocolate and bell peppers were presented for consumption under three sound conditions: 1) upper or 2) lower level with respect to each of the three music elements, and 3) silence. Over three sessions, participants evaluated flavor intensity, pleasantness of flavor, texture impression, and overall impression of food samples, in addition to the pleasantness and stimulation evoked by the music stimuli. Results showed that lower-pitched and louder music stimuli increased hedonic impressions of foods compared to their respective counterparts and/or the silent condition. While the effects of music element levels on hedonic impressions differed with the type of food consumed, the participants liked the foods more when music stimuli were perceived as more pleasant and stimulating. Flavor was perceived as more intense when participants were more stimulated by the music samples. Although a specific element of music stimuli was manipulated, perceptions of other elements also varied, leading to large variations in the music-evoked pleasantness and stimulation. In conclusion, the findings provide empirical evidence that hedonic impressions of foods may be influenced by emotions evoked by music selections varying in music element levels, but it should be also noted that the influences were food-dependent and not pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fiegel
- 1Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Andrew Childress
- 2Department of Music, University of Arkansas, Music Building 201, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Thadeus L Beekman
- 1Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Han-Seok Seo
- 1Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
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143
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Penaforte FRDO, Minelli MCS, Anastácio LR, Japur CC. Anxiety symptoms and emotional eating are independently associated with sweet craving in young adults. Psychiatry Res 2019; 271:715-720. [PMID: 30791346 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sweet craving (SC), defined as a strong desire for sweet foods, seems to be closely related to negative emotions, such as anxiety and unhealthy eating behaviors. The objective was to investigate factors that are associated with SC and to assess the relationships among SC, anxiety symptoms, and eating behavior in university students. This was a cross-sectional study involving 300 students of both sexes (20.5 ± 4.4 years) who were freshmen in a Brazilian public university. Eating behavior was evaluated using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory, SC was identified by a yes/no question ("Have you had a very strong desire to eat sweet food over the last three months?"), and characterized by the Questionnaire for Assessment of Sweet Substance Dependence. Individuals with SC scored significantly higher for uncontrolled eating (UE), emotional eating (EE), and anxiety symptoms. Logistic regression analysis revealed that anxiety symptoms are independently associated with SC. In conclusion, negative emotions, like anxiety, and eating guided by these emotions can contribute to the SC phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rodrigues de Oliveira Penaforte
- Department of Nutrition/PostGraduate Program in Psychology, Universidade Federal do Trângulo Mineiro, Av. Frei Paulino, 30. Bairro Abadia, CEP 38025-180 Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Laboratory of Eating Practices and Behavior (PratiCA), Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900. Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Clara Santos Minelli
- Department of Nutrition/PostGraduate Program in Psychology, Universidade Federal do Trângulo Mineiro, Av. Frei Paulino, 30. Bairro Abadia, CEP 38025-180 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lucilene Rezende Anastácio
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627. Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Camila Cremonezi Japur
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Health Sciences. Ribeirão Preto Medical Scholl. Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Bandeirantes, 3900. Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Eating Practices and Behavior (PratiCA), Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900. Bairro Monte Alegre, CEP 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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144
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Arab A, Mehrabani S, Moradi S, Amani R. The association between diet and mood: A systematic review of current literature. Psychiatry Res 2019; 271:428-437. [PMID: 30537665 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have examined the association between diet and mood state, but the findings have been inconclusive. Herein, we conducted a systematic review to assess the association between different diet and mood state. PubMed, Cochrane's library, Science direct, Scopus, Google scholar and ISI web of science databases were searched for all available literature until December 2017 for studies assessing the association between diet and mood state. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Jadad scale for reporting randomized clinical trials were used to assess study quality. A total of 18 studies out of 2857 met our inclusion criteria and included in our systematic review. Although there are not consistent findings between studies, it seems that DASH, vegetable-based, glycemic load-based, ketogenic and Paleo diets could improve mood more than the others. Further studies are needed to assess such relationship in a longer period to draw a firm link between diet and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Arab
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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145
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Kalani A, Chaturvedi P, Kalani K, Kamat PK, Chaturvedi P. A high methionine, low folate and vitamin B 6/B 12 containing diet can be associated with memory loss by epigenetic silencing of netrin-1. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1247-1254. [PMID: 30804256 PMCID: PMC6425846 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.251333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory-epigenetics which is the loss of memory due to epigenetic modifications can be due to the silencing of genes involved in cognitive functions and this is the basis of the current study. We hypothesize that a diet containing high methionine and low vitamins can lead to memory impairment by increasing global DNA methylation and therefore, silencing the netrin-1 gene, which encodes the glycoprotein involved in neurogenesis, axonal guidance and maintenance of the synaptic plasticity. Wild type (C57BL/6J) mice were fed with a diet containing excess methionine (1.2%), low-folate (0.08 mg/kg), vitamin B6 (0.01 mg/kg), and B12 (10.4 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Mice were examined weekly for the long-term memory function, using a passive avoidance test, which determined loss of fear-motivated long-term memory starting from the fourth week of diet. Similarly, an increase in brain %5-methyl cytosine was observed starting from the 4th week of diet in mice. Mice fed with a high methionine, low folate and vitamins containing diet showed a decrease in netrin-1 protein expression and an increase in netrin-1 gene promotor methylation, as determined by methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The increase in methylation of netrin-1 gene was validated by high-resolution melting and sequencing analysis. Furthermore, the association of netrin-1 with memory was established by administering netrin that considerably restored long-term fear motivated memory. Taken together, these results suggest that a diet rich in methionine and lacking in folate and vitamin B6/B12 can induce defects in learning and memory. Furthermore, the data indicates that decrease in netrin-1 expression due to hyper-methylation of its gene can be associated with memory loss. The animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, University of Louisville, USA (No. A3586-01) on February 2, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kalani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Komal Kalani
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India; Pharmacology Department and Toxicology, Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Pradip K Kamat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Poonam Chaturvedi
- Department of Neurology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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146
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Côté-Lussier C, Kakinami L, Danieles PK. Ego-centered relative neighborhood deprivation and reported dietary habits among youth. Appetite 2019; 132:267-274. [PMID: 30473022 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dietary habits are important precursors of childhood obesity. Youths' dietary habits may be constrained by the experience of deprivation due to social (e.g., family purchasing power) and physical (e.g., availability of fast food outlets in low-income neighborhoods) factors limiting dietary choices. This study considers whether a Yitzhaki-based index of ego-centered relative neighborhood deprivation explains dietary outcomes (i.e., reported healthful and unhealthful food consumption), adjusting for absolute deprivation. The Yitzhaki index takes into account the total incomes to which a youth is deprived in relation to a meaningful reference group, and the youth's position in the cumulative income distribution of this meaningful reference group. The study also considers whether the impact of deprivation on dietary outcomes is moderated by the experience of symptoms of depression. There was some indication that reported healthful food consumption was highest for youth who experienced low absolute deprivation (p ≤ 0.01) and low symptoms of depression (p ≤ 0.01), but high relative deprivation (p ≤ 0.001). These youth therefore appear to benefit from being both "better-off", and living among "better-off" individuals. The results for reported unhealthful food consumption were less robust. The results may therefore suggest that youth who are not detrimentally impacted by their relative deprivation, and who have the financial means to access healthful foods, have improved dietary outcomes. The findings suggest that while absolute deprivation plays a key role in explaining healthful food consumption, additional insights can be gleaned from considering youths' relative deprivation and indicators of their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Côté-Lussier
- Department of Criminology and Centre for Research on Educational and Community Services (CRECS), University of Ottawa, 120 University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Lisa Kakinami
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Concordia University PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Canada
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147
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Debeuf T, Verbeken S, Van Beveren ML, Michels N, Braet C. Stress and Eating Behavior: A Daily Diary Study in Youngsters. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2657. [PMID: 30627114 PMCID: PMC6309126 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Overweight and obesity are growing problems, with more attention recently, to the role of stress in the starting and maintaining process of these clinical problems. However, the mechanisms are not yet known and well-understood; and ecological momentary analyses like the daily variations between stress and eating are far less studied. Emotional eating is highly prevalent and is assumed to be an important mechanism, as a maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) strategy, in starting and maintaining the vicious cycle of (pediatric) obesity. Objectives: The present study aims to investigate in youngsters (10 - 17 years) the daily relationship between stress and the trajectories of self-reported eating behavior (desire to eat motives; hunger eating motives and snacking) throughout 1 week; as well as the moderating role of emotion regulation and emotional eating in an average weight population. Methods: Participants were 109 average weighted youngsters between the age of 10 and 17 years (M age = 13.49; SD = 1.64). The youngsters filled in a trait-questionnaire on emotion regulation and emotional eating at home before starting the study, and answered an online diary after school time, during seven consecutive days. Desire to eat motives, hunger eating motives and snacking were assessed daily for seven consecutive days. Results: Using multilevel analyses results revealed that daily stress is significantly associated with trajectories of desire to eat motives and hunger eating motives. No evidence was found for the moderating role of maladaptive ER in these relationships; marginally significant evidence was found for the moderating role of emotional eating in the trajectories of desire to eat and snacking. Discussion: These results stress the importance of looking into the daily relationship between stress and eating behavior parameters, as both are related with change over and within days. More research is needed to draw firm conclusion on the moderating role of ER strategies and emotional eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taaike Debeuf
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Verbeken
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Lotte Van Beveren
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Caroline Braet
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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148
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Paans NPG, Gibson-Smith D, Bot M, van Strien T, Brouwer IA, Visser M, Penninx BWJH. Depression and eating styles are independently associated with dietary intake. Appetite 2018; 134:103-110. [PMID: 30583007 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Depression and eating styles are two important, interrelated factors associated with dietary intake. However, it remains unclear whether depression and eating styles are independently associated with dietary intake, and whether associations between depression and dietary intake are mediated by eating styles. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the associations of, and interplay between depression and eating styles in relation to different aspects of dietary intake. Cross-sectional data from 1442 participants (healthy controls (22.7%), remitted (61.0%) and current patients (16.3%)) from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety were used. Linear regression analyses were used to determine associations of depressive disorders (DSM-IV based psychiatric interview), self-reported depressive symptoms (Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology), emotional, external and restrained eating (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire) with 4 measures of dietary intake (total energy intake (kcal/d), Mediterranean diet score (MDS), intake of sweets foods (g/d), and snack/fast-food (g/d)) measured with a 238-item food frequency questionnaire. Statistical mediation analyses were used to study whether associations between depression and dietary intake were mediated by eating styles. Current depression diagnosis and severity were associated with lower MDS and higher intake of sweet foods and snack/fast-food. Emotional and external eating were associated with higher intakes of snack/fast-food; external eating was also associated with higher total energy intake. Restrained eating was associated with lower total energy and intake of sweet foods, and higher MDS. Associations between current depression or severity and intake of snack/fast-food were mediated by external eating. In general, depression and eating styles contributed independently to poorer diet quality and higher intake of sweet and snack/fast-food. The association between depression and higher intake of snack/fast-food was mediated by external eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine P G Paans
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Deborah Gibson-Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mariska Bot
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Tatjana van Strien
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR, Nijmegen, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ingeborg A Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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149
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Parental Rejection as a Predictor of Emotional Eating After Inpatient Weight Loss Treatment for Youngsters. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/bec.2018.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThe main objective of the study was to examine the relationships between parental rejection, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, and the emotional eating style of youngsters who finished an inpatient multidisciplinary weight loss treatment program and were back in their home environment.MethodParticipants were 52 youngsters (age 11–17 years) with an average percent over ideal BMI of 186.11% (SD= 27.54) before treatment and 136.37% (SD= 19.65) at a mean follow-up of 4 months. Participants completed questionnaires assessing maternal and paternal rejection, maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, and emotional eating. Data were analysed using bootstrapping procedure.ResultsMediation analyses showed that maladaptive emotion regulation partially mediated the association between maternal rejection and the youngsters’ emotional eating style. Paternal rejection was directly related to emotional eating.ConclusionThe results suggest that the family climate may have an impact on the eating style of the youngsters after weight loss treatment.
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Individual determinants of emotional eating: A simultaneous investigation. Appetite 2018; 130:93-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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