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Lapointe D, Pelletier M, Paradis Y, Armellin A, Verreault J, Champoux L, Desrosiers M. Trophic transfer of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in a recently modified freshwater food web from the St. Lawrence River, Canada. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126877. [PMID: 32402871 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of invasive species can have a profound impact on food web structure and therefore on trophic transfer of contaminants. In the St. Lawrence River (Canada), 20 years after its first detection in the system, invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) has become the main prey for several piscivorous species. To evaluate the accumulation, trophic transfer, and the ecological risk of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in this recently modified freshwater food web, samples of sediment, invertebrates, fish and aquatic bird eggs and plasma were collected. Sampling sites were located upstream and at two locations downstream of the Montreal wastewater treatment plant outfall. The results suggest that the influence of the WWTP effluent on PBDEs concentrations varied among the various compartments of this recently modified freshwater food web. The results also suggest that although predatory fish have switched to consuming round goby as a prey item instead of native yellow perch, this new feeding behaviour is not expected to have important impacts on the level of transfer of PBDE within this food web. The biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) ranged from 0.6 to 436, whereas biomagnification factors (BMFs) varied between 0.2 and 475. Despite our conservative method of risk assessment, we calculated an important risk for piscivorous fish and gull eggs within this study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Lapointe
- Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, ministère de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, 2700 rue Einstein, Québec, QC, G1P 3W8, Canada.
| | - Magella Pelletier
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance, Science and Technology Branch, 105 McGill Street, Montréal, QC, H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Yves Paradis
- Direction de l'expertise sur la faune aquatique, ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, 880 chemin Sainte-Foy, 4e étage, Québec, QC, G1S 4X4, Canada
| | - Alain Armellin
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance, Science and Technology Branch, 105 McGill Street, Montréal, QC, H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Louise Champoux
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, 801-1550 avenue D'Estimauville, Québec, QC, G1J 0C3, Canada
| | - Mélanie Desrosiers
- Centre d'expertise en analyse environnementale du Québec, ministère de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, 2700 rue Einstein, Québec, QC, G1P 3W8, Canada
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102
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Ogundele D, Ogundiran MB, Babayemi JO, Jha MK. Material and Substance Flow Analysis of Used Lead Acid Batteries in Nigeria: Implications for Recovery and Environmental Quality. J Health Pollut 2020; 10:200913. [PMID: 32874769 PMCID: PMC7453816 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-10.27.200913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As resources become scarce, information from material and substance flow analysis can help to improve material recovery policy. The flow of toxic substances such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) can be used as a basis for appropriate risk management decisions for optimum environmental quality. OBJECTIVES The present study examined a material and substance flow analysis of used lead acid batteries (ULAB) from motor vehicles and implications for environmental quality in Nigeria. METHODS Information on motor vehicle imports was obtained from the literature. Mathematical models were constructed and used for the material and substance flow analysis. Samples of 50 brands of ULAB pastes were digested using a microwave digestion system followed by elemental determination (Pb, Cd, silver (Ag), As, cobalt (Co), calcium (Ca), Cr, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), Sb, selenium (Se), and tellurium (Te)) with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. RESULTS Approximately 4.8 million tons (Mt) lead acid batteries (LAB) from vehicles was used in Nigeria between 1980 and 2014, out of which approximately 2.6 Mt had reached end-of-life (EoL) stages. From the total amount in EoL, approximately 2.3 Mt was recycled, and 0.3 Mt was landfilled. Among the toxic elements, Pb, Cd and As were the most abundant in ULAB; and of the valuable elements, Fe and Cu had the highest levels. Approximately 3.5 Mt of Pb was used in the past (1980-2014) in ULAB for motor vehicles, out of which approximately 1.9 Mt tons was in EoL stages. DISCUSSION The results revealed that the battery pastes were heterogeneous. Only Pb exceeded the total threshold limit concentration (TTLC) of 1000 mg/kg. The TTLC describes the safe levels or concentration of heavy metals in the environment. The levels observed for other metals in this study were below the TTLC values. The present study estimated an average life span for lead acid batteries in motor vehicles in Nigeria of 5 years, suggesting an additional 2.2 Mt at EoL by 2019. High concentrations of Pb in air, water and soil carry the potential for contamination of food products, especially in Nigeria, where food is traditionally prepared and sold in open air markets in an unregulated manner. CONCLUSIONS High amounts of toxic elements present in the various life cycle stages signal potential environmental and human health hazards. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manis K. Jha
- National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, India
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103
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Holdsworth AF, Horrocks AR, Kandola BK. Novel metal complexes as potential synergists with phosphorus based flame retardants in polyamide 6.6. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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104
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Zuiderveen EAR, Slootweg JC, de Boer J. Novel brominated flame retardants - A review of their occurrence in indoor air, dust, consumer goods and food. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126816. [PMID: 32417508 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This critical review summarizes the occurrence of 63 novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in indoor air, dust, consumer goods and food. It includes their EU registration and (potential) risks. The increasing application of NBFRs calls for more research on their occurrence, environmental fate and toxicity. This review reports which NBFRs are actually being studied, which are detected and which are of most concern. It also connects data from the European Chemical Association on NBFRs with other scientific information. Large knowledge gaps emerged for 28 (out of 63) NBFRs, which were not included in any monitoring programs or other studies. This also indicates the need for optimized analytical methods including all NBFRs. Further research on indoor environments, emission sources and potential leaching is also necessary. High concentrations of 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB), bis(2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) were often reported. The detection of hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromotoluene (PBT), 1,4-dimethyltetrabromobenzene (TBX), 4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)-1,2-dibromocyclohexane (DBE-DBCH) and tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dibromopropyl) ether (TBBPA-BDBPE) also raises concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A R Zuiderveen
- Department Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - J Chris Slootweg
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94157, 1090, GD, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob de Boer
- Department Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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105
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Purchase D, Abbasi G, Bisschop L, Chatterjee D, Ekberg C, Ermolin M, Fedotov P, Garelick H, Isimekhai K, Kandile NG, Lundström M, Matharu A, Miller BW, Pineda A, Popoola OE, Retegan T, Ruedel H, Serpe A, Sheva Y, Surati KR, Walsh F, Wilson BP, Wong MH. Global occurrence, chemical properties, and ecological impacts of e-wastes (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The waste stream of obsolete electronic equipment grows exponentially, creating a worldwide pollution and resource problem. Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) comprises a heterogeneous mix of glass, plastics (including flame retardants and other additives), metals (including rare Earth elements), and metalloids. The e-waste issue is complex and multi-faceted. In examining the different aspects of e-waste, informal recycling in developing countries has been identified as a primary concern, due to widespread illegal shipments; weak environmental, as well as health and safety, regulations; lack of technology; and inadequate waste treatment structure. For example, Nigeria, Ghana, India, Pakistan, and China have all been identified as hotspots for the disposal of e-waste. This article presents a critical examination on the chemical nature of e-waste and the resulting environmental impacts on, for example, microbial biodiversity, flora, and fauna in e-waste recycling sites around the world. It highlights the different types of risk assessment approaches required when evaluating the ecological impact of e-waste. Additionally, it presents examples of chemistry playing a role in potential solutions. The information presented here will be informative to relevant stakeholders seeking to devise integrated management strategies to tackle this global environmental concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Purchase
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology , Middlesex University , The Burroughs , London NW4 4BT , UK
| | | | - Lieselot Bisschop
- Erasmus Initiative on Dynamics of Inclusive Prosperity & Erasmus School of Law , Erasmus University Rotterdam , P.O. Box 1738 – 3000 DR , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Debashish Chatterjee
- Faculty of Analytical Chemistry , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , Nadia , 741235 , India
| | - Christian Ekberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nuclear Chemistry and Industrial Materials Recycling , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Mikhail Ermolin
- National University of Science and Technology “MISiS” , 4 Leninsky Prospect , Moscow , 119049 , Russia
| | - Petr Fedotov
- V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences , 19 Kosygin Street , Moscow , 119991 , Russia
| | - Hemda Garelick
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology , Middlesex University , The Burroughs , London NW4 4BT , UK
| | - Khadijah Isimekhai
- Ateda Ventures Limited , P.P. Box 13394 , Benin City , Edo State , Nigeria
| | - Nadia G. Kandile
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women , Ain Shams University , Heliopolis , 11757 , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mari Lundström
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering (CMET), School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , P.O. Box 16200 , AALTO , Finland
| | - Avtar Matharu
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry , University of York , York , YO10 5DD , UK
| | | | - Antonio Pineda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IVa, Km 396 , Córdoba , E-14014 , Spain
| | - Oluseun E. Popoola
- Department of Chemical Science , Yaba College of Technology , Lagos , Nigeria
| | - Teodora Retegan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nuclear Chemistry and Industrial Materials Recycling , Chalmers University of Technology , SE-41296 , Göteborg , Sweden
| | - Heinz Ruedel
- Department Environmental Specimen Bank and Elemental Analysis , Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME) , Schmallenberg , 57392 , Germany
| | - Angela Serpe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR) and INSTM Unit , University of Cagliari and Environmental Geology and Geoengineering Institute of the National Research Council (IGAG-CNR) , Via Marengo 2 , Cagliari , 09123 , Italy
| | | | - Kiran R. Surati
- Department of Chemistry , Sardar Patel University , Vallabh Vidyanagar , Anand , Gujarat , 388120 , India
| | - Fiona Walsh
- Maynooth University , Maynooth , Co Kildare , Ireland
| | - Benjamin P. Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering (CMET), School of Chemical Engineering , Aalto University , P.O. Box 16200 , AALTO , Finland
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control , Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong , Tai Po , Hong Kong , China
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106
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Parolini M, Panseri S, Håland Gaeta F, Ceriani F, De Felice B, Nobile M, Mosconi G, Rafoss T, Arioli F, Chiesa LM. Legacy and Emerging Contaminants in Demersal Fish Species from Southern Norway and Implications for Food Safety. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081108. [PMID: 32806739 PMCID: PMC7466181 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at measuring the levels of legacy and emerging contaminants in fillet samples from four demersal fish caught in two fishing sites from Southern Norway, in order to assess possible implications for food safety. Levels of organochlorine compounds (OCs), organophosphate pesticides (OPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDE), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in fillet from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), lemon sole (Microstomus kitt), and European flounder (Platichthys flesus) specimens. A negligible contamination by all the investigated chemicals was noted in both the fishing sites, as very low levels of OCs, PCBs, and PFASs were noted in a limited number of individuals for each species. Considering the levels of contaminants measured in fillets of the four demersal fish species, negligible risk for human health for Norwegian consumers can be supposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (F.A.)
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (F.C.); (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.M.C.)
| | | | - Federica Ceriani
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (F.C.); (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Beatrice De Felice
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maria Nobile
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (F.C.); (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Giacomo Mosconi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (F.C.); (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Trond Rafoss
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Agder (Uia), 4630 Kristiansand, Norway;
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (F.C.); (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.M.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (F.A.)
| | - Luca Maria Chiesa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, I-20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (F.C.); (M.N.); (G.M.); (L.M.C.)
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107
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Liu Q, Shao W, Weng Z, Zhang X, Ding G, Xu C, Xu J, Jiang Z, Gu A. In vitro evaluation of the hepatic lipid accumulation of bisphenol analogs: A high-content screening assay. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 68:104959. [PMID: 32763284 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) has a variety of adverse effects on human health; therefore, BPA analogs are increasingly used as replacements. Notably, recent studies have revealed that BPA exposure induced hepatic lipid accumulation, but few studies are available regarding the similar effects of other bisphenol analogues (BPs). Thus, in the present study, a high-content screening (HCS) assay was performed to simultaneously evaluate the hepatic lipid accumulation of 13 BPs in vitro. The BPs induced lipid deposition in HepG2 cells ranking as below: 4,4'-thiodiphenol (TDP) < bisphenol S (BPS) < 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHBP) < tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) < tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA) < bisphenol E (BPE) < bisphenol F (BPF) < bisphenol B (BPB) < bisphenol AF (BPAF) < bisphenol A (BPA) < bisphenol C (BPC) < tetramethylbisphenol A (TMBPA) < bisphenol AP (BPAP). Meanwhile, Oil Red O staining and triacylglycerol detection further validated the lipid accumulation elicited by the latter 8 BPs, which exhibited the more significant effects on lipid deposition. Mechanistically, significantly increased expressions of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and nuclear receptors and decreased levels of genes associated with fatty acid β-oxidation were observed under BPs treatment. Therefore, the present work is the first to systematically provide direct evidence for BPs-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in vitro via HCS, which can be helpful for safety assessments of BPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wentao Shao
- Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhenkun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Guipeng Ding
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhaoyan Jiang
- Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Aihua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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108
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Brown PR, Gillera SEA, Fenton SE, Yao HHC. Developmental Exposure to Tetrabromobisphenol A Has Minimal Impact on Male Rat Reproductive Health. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 95:59-65. [PMID: 32416200 PMCID: PMC7323851 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The flame retardant and plasticizer, tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) has rapidly become a common component in the manufacture of circuit boards and plastics worldwide. It is also an analog of bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical identified by the Endocrine Society. As such, TBBPA needs to be investigated for similar potential human health risks. Using rats as a model, we exposed pregnant dams and their progeny to 0, 0.1, 25, or 250 mg TBBPA/kg of body weight until the offspring reached adulthood and assessed the first generation of males for any reproductive tract abnormalities. We found no differences in the morphology of testes, sperm, prostates, or secondary sex organs from post-natal day 21 through one-year of age. A delay in the time to preputial separation was found with the 250 mg/kg treatment. Also, minor differences of sperm count at one-year old with the 25 mg/kg treatment and expression levels of two steroidogenic pathway enzymes at either post-natal day 90 or one-year old in the 250 mg/kg treatment group were detected, but spermatogenesis was not disrupted. While these results may lead to the supposition that TBBPA is less harmful than its parent compound BPA, more studies need to be conducted to assess long-term exposure effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R Brown
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, Reproduction and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sagi Enicole A Gillera
- Reproductive Endocrinology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Reproductive Endocrinology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Humphrey Hung-Chang Yao
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, Reproduction and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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109
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Holdsworth AF, Horrocks AR, Kandola BK. Potential Synergism between Novel Metal Complexes and Polymeric Brominated Flame Retardants in Polyamide 6.6. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1543. [PMID: 32668613 PMCID: PMC7408459 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While environmental concerns have caused polymeric brominated primary flame retardants (PolyBrFRs) to be effective replacement monomeric species, few alternatives for antimony trioxide (ATO) have been developed beyond the zinc stannates (ZnSs). Previous research, which explored the interactions of aluminium (AlW), tin (II) (SnW) and zinc (ZnW) tungstates with several phosphorus-containing flame retardants in polyamide 6.6 (PA66), is extended to two PolyBrFRs: brominated polystyrene (BrPS), and poly(pentabromobenzyl acrylate) (BrPBz). On assessing the effect of each tungstate on the thermal degradation and flammability in combination with each PolyBrFR using TGA, UL94, LOI, cone calorimetry and TGA-FTIR, only ZnW and SnW showed significant increases in LOI (>26 vol.%). Both ZnW-BrPS- and ZnW-BrPBz-containing formulations yielded average UL94 ratings ≥ V-2 and TGA char residues (corrected for metals content at 500 °C) in air > 15 wt.%. BrPS-containing samples, especially those containing ZnW and SnW, generated peak heat release rates approximately 50% lower than the equivalent BrPBz samples. These reductions did not correlate with respective increases in LOI, suggesting that tungstate-PolyBrFR combinations influence pre-ignition differently to post-ignition behaviour. Calculated synergistic effectivities indicate that ZnW functions as a synergist in both pre- and post-ignition stages, especially with BrPS. TGA-FTIR and char analyses showed that, in addition to the vapour-phase activity normally associated with PolyBrFRs, condensed-phase processes occurred, especially for the ZnW-PolyBrFR combinations. Additionally, ZnW demonstrated significant smoke-suppressing properties comparable with zinc stannate (ZnS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair F. Holdsworth
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Deane Road, Bolton, Greater Manchester BL3 6HQ, UK; (A.F.H.); (B.K.K.)
- Now at School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - A. Richard Horrocks
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Deane Road, Bolton, Greater Manchester BL3 6HQ, UK; (A.F.H.); (B.K.K.)
| | - Baljinder K. Kandola
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Deane Road, Bolton, Greater Manchester BL3 6HQ, UK; (A.F.H.); (B.K.K.)
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110
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Marć M, Wieczorek PP. The preparation and evaluation of core-shell magnetic dummy-template molecularly imprinted polymers for preliminary recognition of the low-mass polybrominated diphenyl ethers from aqueous solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138151. [PMID: 32247120 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The design, preparation process, binding abilities, morphological characteristic and prospective field of application of dummy-template magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (DMMIP) for preliminary recognition of the selected low-mass polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE-47 and PBDE-99) from aquatic environment were investigated. The surface of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanopowder (50-100 nm particles size) was modified with tetraethoxysilane and next prepared Fe3O4@SiO2 particles were dispersed in anhydrous toluene functionalized by (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. Finally, MIPs' thin film layer on the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2@NH2 was formed in acetonitrile as a solvent solution, using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker, building monomer, 1,1'-Azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile) as the radical initiator, methacrylic acid as a functional monomer and 4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenyl ether as the dummy template molecule as a structural analogue of low-mass PBDEs. To characterize the chemical structure of prepared DMMIPs, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was performed. The specific surface area of the developed sorbent was estimated using Brauner-Emmet-Teller nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis. To assess the average pore sizes, pore diameters and pore volumes of the prepared sorbent, the Barret-Joyner-Halenda technique was applied. The average values of imprinting factor for PBDE-47 and PBDE-99 were 11.3 ± 1.6 and 13.7 ± 1.2, respectively. The average value of recovery of PBDE-47 and PBDE-99 for developed DMMIPs from modelling water: methanol solution were 85.4 ± 6.7% and 86.4 ± 9.4%, respectively. In a case of spiked distilled water, tap water as well as local river water the calculated recovery values ranged from 65%% up to 82% and from 33% up to 76% for PBDE-47 and PBDE-99, respectively. Following the preliminary research on selected water samples, the proposed combination of imprinting technology and core-shell materials with magnetic properties might be considered as a promising sorption tool used for targeted recognition of low-mass PBDEs in aquatic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Marć
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Piotr Paweł Wieczorek
- Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Opole, Poland
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Lewis PJ, McGrath TJ, Emmerson L, Allinson G, Shimeta J. Adélie penguin colonies as indicators of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in East Antarctica. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126320. [PMID: 32126331 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While persistent organic pollutant (POP) contamination within Antarctica is largely caused by long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT), Antarctic research bases have been shown to be local sources of POPs such as brominated flame retardants (BFRs). This study compared concentrations of seven polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) congeners and five novel flame retardants (NBFRs) found in Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colony soils near the Australian research stations, Mawson and Davis, to assess the stations as local sources of these contaminants and provide a much needed baseline for contamination of BFRs in East Antarctica. Soil samples (n = 46) were collected from Adélie colonies at close proximity to the research stations as well as further afield during the 2016-17 austral summer. Samples were analysed using selective pressurised liquid extraction (S-PLE) and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). PBDEs (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154 and -183) were detected in 45/46 samples with ∑7PBDE concentrations ranging from <0.01 to 1.63 ng/g dry weight (dw) and NBFRs (2,3,4,5,6-pentabromotoluene (PBT), 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), hexabromobenzene (HBB), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB) and bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE)) detected in 20/46 samples, with a range of ∑5NBFR from not detected (ND) to 0.16 ng/g dw. Soils taken from around the Davis and Mawson research stations were more highly contaminated (n = 10) than penguin colonies (n = 27) and control areas not affiliated with breeding seabirds (n = 8). The most common congener detected was BDE-99, reflecting inputs from LRAT. However, the congener profiles of station soils supported the hypothesis that research stations are a local source of PBDEs to the Antarctic environment. In addition, the NBFR pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB) was quantified for the first time in Antarctic soils, providing essential information for baseline contamination within the region and highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring as global regulations for the use of BFRs continuously change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe J Lewis
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation (EnSuRe), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia; Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, 7050, Australia.
| | - Thomas J McGrath
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation (EnSuRe), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Louise Emmerson
- Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, 7050, Australia
| | - Graeme Allinson
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation (EnSuRe), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Jeff Shimeta
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation (EnSuRe), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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112
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Li T, He Y, Peng X. Efficient removal of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) using sewage sludge-derived biochar: Adsorptive effect and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126370. [PMID: 32146189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sewerage sludge-derived biochars (SSDBCs) with high adsorption capacity and excellent recyclability were synthesized to remove tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in aqueous system. Scanning electron microscopy, elemental mapping via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the morphology, composition, and microstructures. The maximum adsorption capacity of SSDBCs was about 87.02 mg g-1 at 303 K and pH 7.5. The Langmuir isotherm demonstrated that the adsorption was mainly homogeneous and chemical processes. The kinetics of TBBPA removal well fitted the second-order dynamic model. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption was exothermic. The effect of π-π dispersive force and hydrogen bonding was proven as the main adsorption mechanism. Multiple cycle runs experiment revealed the excellent stability of recycled SSDBCs. This work provided a promising method of sludge resourceful treatment using an efficient, economic, cyclic, and convenient material for typical organic contaminant in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuzhe He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xingxing Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Abstract
For the first time, transplants with moss-bags and mussels together were applied to study the water quality in standing water bodies. The tested species: Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. and Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) were collected from unpolluted sites and analyzed to obtain background levels. Then, the moss and mussels were left in cages for a period of 30 days in three reservoirs where both are not present naturally. Two of the reservoirs suffer from old industrial contamination and one is affected by untreated wastes. Twenty-four compounds were studied, among them trace elements Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and organic priority substances: six polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) congeners and short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs). The trace element accumulation was significant after the exposition period in all studied stations. PBDEs and SCCPs were also accumulated up to two times more in the moss tissues. PBDEs in the mussels exceeded the environmental quality standard (EQS). The applied combined transplants, and especially the moss-bags, revealed severe contamination with heavy metals not detected by the water samples. The moss and the mussel followed a different model of trace element and PBDEs accumulation. The SCCPs levels were alarmingly high in all plant samples. The study confirmed PBDEs and SCCPs as bioaccumulative compounds and suggested that an EQS for SCCPs in biota needs to be established.
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114
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Aldoori H, Bouberka Z, Nadim A, Agguine Y, Eddarir S, Supiot P, Foissac C, Maschke U. Photodegradation of Decabromo Diphenyl Ether Flame Retardant in Poly (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) (ABS). J MACROMOL SCI B 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2020.1763607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Aldoori
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 – UMET – Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, France
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Matériaux-Catalyse et Environnement (LPCM-CE), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d’Oran « USTO », Oran, Algeria
| | - Zohra Bouberka
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 – UMET – Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, France
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Matériaux-Catalyse et Environnement (LPCM-CE), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d’Oran « USTO », Oran, Algeria
| | - Abdelouahab Nadim
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 – UMET – Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, France
| | - Yassine Agguine
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 – UMET – Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, France
| | - Said Eddarir
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 – UMET – Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Supiot
- Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Foissac
- Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Ulrich Maschke
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 – UMET – Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, France
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Gewurtz SB, Guerra P, Kim MG, Jones F, Challen Urbanic J, Teslic S, Smyth SA. Wastewater Treatment Lagoons: Local Pathways of Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Brominated Flame Retardants to the Arctic Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6053-6062. [PMID: 32345008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and "novel" brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were determined in lagoons processing wastewater from two high-Arctic and two sub-Arctic of Canada communities to assess the importance of local anthropogenic sources. ∑PFAAs in influent and effluent of the Arctic lagoons were within the lower end of the range of concentrations previously observed in Canadian temperate wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In comparison, influent and effluent concentrations of ∑PBDEs and NBFRs were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in high-Arctic lagoons compared to sub-Arctic and temperate plants. The surprisingly elevated concentrations of PBDEs and NBFRs in high-Arctic lagoons were probably related to high organic matter found in Arctic wastewater due to lower consumption of potable water leading to less dilution compared to temperate regions. Although PFAAs also sorb to solids, the wastewater samples were filtered prior to analysis of PFAAs (but not PBDEs and NBFRs), which likely reduced the impacts of solids on the results for PFAAs. Based on an extrapolation of per capita mass effluent loadings of the four Arctic lagoons, mass loadings to the Arctic of Canada via WWTP effluent were estimated as 1405 g/year and 549 g/year for ∑PFAAs and ∑PBDEs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Gewurtz
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Paula Guerra
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Min Gu Kim
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Frankie Jones
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jane Challen Urbanic
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Steven Teslic
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Shirley Anne Smyth
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
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Kousaiti A, Hahladakis JN, Savvilotidou V, Pivnenko K, Tyrovola K, Xekoukoulotakis N, Astrup TF, Gidarakos E. Assessment of tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) content in plastic waste recovered from WEEE. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 390:121641. [PMID: 31740297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to the variability of additives and polymer types used in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), and in accordance with the European Directive 2012/19/EU, an implementation of sound management practices is necessary. This work focuses on assessing the content of tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC) and their polymer blends (i.e. PC/ABS). A total of 36 plastic housing samples originating from microwave ovens, electric irons, vacuum cleaners and DVD/CD players were subjected to microwave-assisted-extraction (MAE) and/or ultrasound-assisted-extraction (UAE). Maximum mean concentration values of TBBPA measured in DVD/CD players and vacuum cleaners ranged between 754-1146 μg/kg, and varied per polymer type, as follows: 510-2515 μg/kg in ABS and 55-3109 μg/kg in PP. The results indicated that MAE was more sufficient than UAE in the extraction of TBBPA from ABS. To optimize the UAE procedure, various solvents were tested. Higher amounts of TBBPA were obtained from ABS and PP using a binary mixture of a polar-non-polar solvent, isopropanol:n-hexane (1:1), whereas the sole use of isopropanol exhibited incomplete extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Kousaiti
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - John N Hahladakis
- College of Arts and Sciences, Center for Sustainable Development, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Vasiliki Savvilotidou
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Kostyantyn Pivnenko
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Konstantina Tyrovola
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Xekoukoulotakis
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Thomas F Astrup
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Evangelos Gidarakos
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece.
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117
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Lee JG, Anh J, Kang GJ, Kim D, Kang Y. Development of an analytical method for simultaneously determining TBBPA and HBCDs in various foods. Food Chem 2020; 313:126027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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118
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Fernández‐Llamazares Á, Garteizgogeascoa M, Basu N, Brondizio ES, Cabeza M, Martínez‐Alier J, McElwee P, Reyes‐García V. A State-of-the-Art Review of Indigenous Peoples and Environmental Pollution. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2020; 16:324-341. [PMID: 31863549 PMCID: PMC7187223 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous peoples (IPs) worldwide are confronted by the increasing threat of pollution. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature (n = 686 studies), we present the current state of knowledge on: 1) the exposure and vulnerability of IPs to pollution; 2) the environmental, health, and cultural impacts of pollution upon IPs; and 3) IPs' contributions to prevent, control, limit, and abate pollution from local to global scales. Indigenous peoples experience large burdens of environmental pollution linked to the expansion of commodity frontiers and industrial development, including agricultural, mining, and extractive industries, as well as urban growth, waste dumping, and infrastructure and energy development. Nevertheless, IPs are contributing to limit pollution in different ways, including through environmental monitoring and global policy advocacy, as well as through local resistance toward polluting activities. This work adds to growing evidence of the breadth and depth of environmental injustices faced by IPs worldwide, and we conclude by highlighting the need to increase IPs' engagement in environmental decision-making regarding pollution control. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:324-341. © 2019 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fernández‐Llamazares
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Global Change and Conservation, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - María Garteizgogeascoa
- Global Change and Conservation, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Artec Forschungszentrum NachhaltigkeitUniversity of BremenBremenGermany
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesMcGill UniversityMontreal, QuebecCanada
| | | | - Mar Cabeza
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Global Change and Conservation, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Joan Martínez‐Alier
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia AmbientalsUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellatera, BarcelonaSpain
| | - Pamela McElwee
- Department of Human Ecology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Victoria Reyes‐García
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia AmbientalsUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellatera, BarcelonaSpain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, BarcelonaSpain
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119
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Zhang K, Kwabena AS, Wang N, Lu Y, Cao Y, Luan Y, Liu T, Peng H, Gu X, Xu W. Electrochemical assays for the detection of TBBPA in plastic products based on rGO/AgNDs nanocomposites and molecularly imprinted polymers. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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120
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Quinn LP, Roos C, Pieters R, Polder A, Bouwman H. Brominated flame retardants in wild bird eggs from the industrialised heartland of South Africa. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2019.1671895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- LP Quinn
- National Metrology Institute of South Africa, Lynnwood, South Africa
| | - C Roos
- Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - R Pieters
- Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - A Polder
- Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway
| | - H Bouwman
- Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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121
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Liu Y, Feng Y, Li J, Zhou D, Guo R, Ji R, Chen J. The bioaccumulation, elimination, and trophic transfer of BDE-47 in the aquatic food chain of Chlorella pyrenoidosa-Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113720. [PMID: 31831226 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a persistent organic pollutant, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) has been widely detected in aquatic environments. However, studies on the fate and transfer of BDE-47 in the aquatic food chain remain scarce. In this study, we investigated the bioaccumulation and elimination of BDE-47 in Chlorella pyrenoidosa, as well as the trophic transfer and biomagnification of BDE-47 in the "C. pyrenoidosa-Daphnia magna" food chain, using C-14 radioactive tracer technology. After 96 h of BDE-47 exposure, the algae accumulated 88.98% ± 0.59% of the initial radioactivity from the medium, and 36.09% ± 9.22% of the accumulated residues in the algae occurred in the form of bound residues. During 96 h of elimination, only 13% ± 0.50% of accumulated radioactivity in the algae was released into the medium. After 24 h of exposure, D. magna accumulated 35.99% ± 2.55% of the initial radioactivity via water filtration from the medium, and 31.35% ± 1.92% of the accumulated radioactivity in D. magna occurred as bound residues. However, D. magna accumulated 66.89% ± 2.37% of the accumulated radioactivity in the algae via food uptake from the contaminated algae, with a high portion of radioactivity observed as bound residues (83.40% ± 0.97% of accumulated radioactivity in D. magna). This indicated a reduction in the environmental risk of BDE-47. There was obvious biomagnification in the food chain between C. pyrenoidosa and D. magna (biomagnification factors, BMFs>1), resulting in environmental hazard transfer in the aquatic food chain. However, no metabolite was found during the exposure experiment, and further studies should be carried out to investigate the intrinsic mechanisms of the trophic transfer of BDE-47, especially in multilevel food chains. Therefore, this study elucidated the effect of dietary uptake on the bioaccumulation of BDE-47 in D. magna and provided new insight for future analysis regarding the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of organic pollutants in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Liu
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yinmei Feng
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jinrong Li
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dashun Zhou
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ruixin Guo
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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122
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Wang X, Wei L, Zhu J, He B, Kong B, Jin Y, Fu Z. Tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (TBECH) exhibits immunotoxicity in murine macrophages. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:159-166. [PMID: 31696622 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (TBECH) has been linked to endocrine disruption, hepatotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. However, its immunotoxicity remains largely unknown. In the present study, RAW 264.7 cells, mouse macrophage cell line, were exposed to TBECH. MTT assays showed that TBECH significantly enhanced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in RAW 264.7 cells. The mRNA expression of some proapoptotic genes was upregulated by TBECH. Accordingly, TBECH elevated caspase-3 activity. In addition, TBECH upregualted the mRNA levels of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas it downregulated LPS-stimulated mRNA expression of these cytokines. Moreover, TBECH downregulated the mRNA expression of selected antigen presenting-related genes. Furthermore, TBECH increased reactive oxygen species level, reduced glutathione content and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and upregulated the mRNA expression of selected oxidative stress-related genes. The obtained data demonstrated that TBECH exhibits immunotoxicity in macrophages, and will help to evaluate its health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lai Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingnan He
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baida Kong
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Aminot Y, Lanctôt C, Bednarz V, Robson WJ, Taylor A, Ferrier-Pagès C, Metian M, Tolosa I. Leaching of flame-retardants from polystyrene debris: Bioaccumulation and potential effects on coral. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 151:110862. [PMID: 32056644 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine plastic debris can act as a reservoir of chemical additives that can pose a potential threat to sensitive ecosystems such as coral reefs. A survey of foam macrodebris collected on beaches indeed revealed high concentrations of hexabromocyclododecanes (ΣHBCDD) in polystyrene (PS) samples (up to 1940 μg g-1). Results also showed that PS fragments can still leach over 150 ng g-1 d-1 of ΣHBCDD (primarily as the α-isomer) for relatively long durations, and that these additives are readily bioaccumulated and well-retained by corals. Despite significant HBCDD bioaccumulation in coral tissue, short-term exposure to HBCDD or PS leachate had no considerable effect on coral photosynthetic activity, symbiont concentration and chlorophyll content. Exposure to the PS leachate did however cause consistent polyp retraction in nubbins over the 5-day exposure. This response was not observed in animals exposed to HBCDD alone, suggesting that another constituent of the leachate stressed corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Aminot
- Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco; IFREMER, Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
| | - Chantal Lanctôt
- Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Vanessa Bednarz
- CSM - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Equipe Ecophysiologie corallienne, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco
| | - William J Robson
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Angus Taylor
- Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco
| | - Christine Ferrier-Pagès
- CSM - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Equipe Ecophysiologie corallienne, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco
| | - Marc Metian
- Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco
| | - Imma Tolosa
- Environment Laboratories, International Atomic Energy Agency, 4a Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco
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124
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Sheikh IA, Beg MA. Structural binding interactions of tetrabromobisphenol A with sex steroid nuclear receptors and sex hormone‐binding globulin. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:832-842. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq A. Sheikh
- King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd A. Beg
- King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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125
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Assessment of Tetrabromobisphenol and Hexabromocyclododecanes exposure and risk characterization using occurrence data in foods. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111121. [PMID: 31931070 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are two of the most used BFRs and they have cumulated in the environment. TBBPA and HBCDs in food were determined and their risks were assessed. The analytical method used was validated in different food categories, and the performance parameters were acceptable based on the criteria of AOAC. Fish and cephalopods were contaminated with TBBPA higher than other foods, and fish contained higher levels of HBCDs than other foods. α-HBCD was the predominant diastereomer in fish and meat and had strong correlations with HBCDs in fish and cephalopods. HBCDs accumulated easier than TBBPA in food. People were exposed to TBBPA from 0.125 ng kg-1 b.w. day-1 to 0.284 ng kg-1 b.w. day-1 and HBCDs from 0.353 ng kg-1 b.w. day-1 to 1.006 ng kg-1 b.w. day-1 via food and air. Food mainly contributed to exposure to TBBPA and HBCDs and vegetables were the main contributors for exposure to TBBPA and HBCDs in food. MOEs for the whole population were over 100, and the risks of exposure to TBBPA and HBCDs from food and the environment were of low concern to public health.
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126
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Huntington A, Corcoran PL, Jantunen L, Thaysen C, Bernstein S, Stern GA, Rochman CM. A first assessment of microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in Hudson Bay and the surrounding eastern Canadian Arctic waters of Nunavut. Facets (Ott) 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2019-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastics are a globally ubiquitous contaminant, invading the most remote regions, including the Arctic. To date, our understanding of the distribution and sources of microplastics in the Arctic is limited but growing. This study aims to advance our understanding of microplastics in the Arctic. Surface water, zooplankton, sediment, and snow samples were collected from Hudson Bay to north Baffin Bay onboard the CCGS Amundsen from July to August 2017. Samples were examined for microplastics, which were chemically identified via Raman spectroscopy for surface water and zooplankton and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for sediment. We found that 90% of surface water and zooplankton samples, and 85% of sediment samples, contained microplastics or other anthropogenic particles. Mean anthropogenic particle concentrations, which includes microplastics, were 0.22 ± 0.23 (per litre) for surface water, 3.51 ± 4.00 (per gram) for zooplankton, and 1.94 ± 4.12 (per gram) for sediment. These concentrations were not related to the human populations upstream, suggesting that microplastic contamination in the Arctic is from long-range transport. Overall, this study highlights the presence of microplastics across the eastern Canadian Arctic, in multiple media, and offers evidence of long-range transport via ocean and atmospheric currents. Further research is needed to better understand sources, distribution, and effects to Arctic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Huntington
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Patricia L. Corcoran
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Liisa Jantunen
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Egbert, ON L0L 1N0, Canada
| | - Clara Thaysen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Sarah Bernstein
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Egbert, ON L0L 1N0, Canada
| | - Gary A. Stern
- Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Chelsea M. Rochman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
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127
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Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Fish Consumed by the Indigenous Peoples from Nenets Autonomous Okrug. ENVIRONMENTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/environments7010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, monitoring of persistent organic pollutant (POP) content in various biological and environmental matrixes in the Arctic is an urgent task. The present study focused on the determination of POPs such as: PCB#28, PCB#52, PCB#101, PCB#105, PCB#118, PCB#123, PCB#153, PCB#128, p,p’-DDE, o,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, o,p’-DDD, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), cis-nonachlor, trans-nonachlor, cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, mirex, 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene in fish consumed by the indigenous people of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) of the Russian Arctic. Fish samples were analyzed by gas chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) technique. The obtained results show that the major POPs in fish were dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) breakdown products and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) congeners. The ∑PCB8 in pink salmon, Arctic char, navaga, humpback whitefish and northern pike were 1.54, 1.58, 1.24, 0.72 and 0.32 ng/g (ww), respectively. The main PCB congeners maximum average medium concentrations were 0.68 ng/g (ww) and 0.51 ng/g (ww) of PCB#153 in navaga and PCB#128 in pink salmon, respectively. The main DDT breakdown product was p,p’-DDE. In Arctic char, pink salmon, navaga, humpback whitefish and northern pike, the concentration of p,p’-DDE was 0.58, 1.61, 0.49, 0.63 and 0.08 ng/g (ww), respectively. A moderate positive relationship between ∑PCB8 and lipid content and a high positive relationship between ∑DDT and lipid content were observed. In fish samples with fat content <0.5% (northern pike, humpback whitefish), the amount of analyzed POPs was 2 or more times lower than that in fish species with fat content >1% (pink salmon, Arctic char). Despite the large number of fish in the diet of indigenous peoples from NAO, no significant risks were identified. Most legacy POP and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) tend to decrease, which can be explained by past national and regional bans and restriction on their use and emission.
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128
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North Pacific Baleen Whales as a Potential Source of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Diet of the Indigenous Peoples of the Eastern Arctic Coasts. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7040065. [PMID: 31861083 PMCID: PMC6958457 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Among marine mammals, gray and bowhead whales contain large amounts of fat and thereby constitute crucial dietary components of the traditional diet of indigenous peoples of the Eastern Arctic. Despite the high nutritional and cultural value of gray and bowhead whales, there is a risk of persistent organic pollutant (POP) intake by indigenous individuals who use marine mammals as their main source of fat. POPs are lipophilic pollutants and are known to accumulate and magnify along the marine food web. Consumption of foods contaminated by POPs can perturb the endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems, and can potentially cause cancer. Moderate to relatively high concentrations of POPs have indeed been reported in the edible tissues of gray and bowhead whales consumed by indigenous peoples of the North Pacific Ocean. Even though their consumption is potentially harmful, there is no regular monitoring of eco-toxicants in the foods consumed by the indigenous peoples of the Eastern Arctic. In our view, the routine analyses of consumable parts of whales and of comparable nutritional items need to be included in the Russian Arctic Biomonitoring Programme.
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Xiong P, Yan X, Zhu Q, Qu G, Shi J, Liao C, Jiang G. A Review of Environmental Occurrence, Fate, and Toxicity of Novel Brominated Flame Retardants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:13551-13569. [PMID: 31682424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Use of legacy brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), has been reduced due to adverse effects of these chemicals. Several novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), such decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), have been developed as replacements for PBDEs. NBFRs are used in various industrial and consumer products, which leads to their ubiquitous occurrence in the environment. This article reviews occurrence and fate of a select group of NBFRs in the environment, as well as their human exposure and toxicity. Occurrence of NBFRs in both abiotic, including air, water, dust, soil, sediment and sludge, and biotic matrices, including bird, fish, and human serum, have been documented. Evidence regarding the degradation, including photodegradation, thermal degradation and biodegradation, and bioaccumulation and biomagnification of NBFRs is summarized. The toxicity data of NBFRs show that several NBFRs can cause adverse effects through different modes of action, such as hormone disruption, endocrine disruption, genotoxicity, and behavioral modification. The primary ecological risk assessment shows that most NBFRs exert no significant environmental risk, but it is worth noting that the result should be carefully used owing to the limited toxicity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xueting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan , Hubei 430056 , China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan , Hubei 430056 , China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan , Hubei 430056 , China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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130
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Rock KD, Gillera SEA, Devarasetty P, Horman B, Knudsen G, Birnbaum LS, Fenton SE, Patisaul HB. Sex-specific behavioral effects following developmental exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in Wistar rats. Neurotoxicology 2019; 75:136-147. [PMID: 31541695 PMCID: PMC6935469 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) has become a ubiquitous indoor contaminant due to its widespread use as an additive flame retardant in consumer products. Reported evidence of endocrine disruption and accumulation of TBBPA in brain tissue has raised concerns regarding its potential effects on neurodevelopment and behavior. The goal of the present study was to examine the impact of developmental TBBPA exposure, across a wide range of doses, on sexually dimorphic non-reproductive behaviors in male and female Wistar rats. We first ran a pilot study using a single TBBPA dose hypothesized to produce behavioral effects. Wistar rat dams were orally exposed using cookie treats to 0 or 0.1 mg TBBPA/kg bw daily from gestational day (GD) 9 to postnatal day (PND) 21 to assess offspring (both sexes) activity and anxiety-related behaviors. Significant effects were evident in females, with exposure increasing activity levels. Thus, this dose was used as the lowest TBBPA dose in a subsequent, larger study conducted as part of a comprehensive assessment of TBBPA toxicity. Animals were exposed to 0, 0.1, 25, or 250 mg TBBPA/kg bw daily by oral gavage starting on GD 6 through PND 90 (dosed dams GD 6 - PND 21, dosed offspring PND 22 - PND 90). Significant behavioral findings were observed for male offspring, with increased anxiety-like behavior as the primary phenotype. These findings demonstrate that exposure to environmental contaminants, like TBBPA, can have sex-specific effects on behavior highlighting the vulnerability of the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie D Rock
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Sagi Enicole A Gillera
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Pratyush Devarasetty
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Brian Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Gabriel Knudsen
- Laboratory of Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Linda S Birnbaum
- Laboratory of Toxicokinetics, National Cancer Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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131
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Gustavsson J, Wiberg K, Nguyen MA, Josefsson S, Laudon H, Ahrens L. Seasonal trends of legacy and alternative flame retardants in river water in a boreal catchment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:1097-1105. [PMID: 31539941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Boreal forests store large amounts of atmospherically deposited (semi-)persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The terrestrial POPs may be exported to streams and rivers through processes that are heavily impacted by seasonality. In this screening study, concentrations of 4 legacy and 45 alternative flame retardants (FRs) were determined in the dissolved and particulate phase in streams within a relatively pristine boreal catchment in northern Europe (Krycklan Catchment Study; 3 sites) and in rivers more impacted by human activities further downstream towards the Baltic Sea (3 sites). The sampling included the main hydrological seasons (snow-free, snow-covered, and spring flood) and was conducted during two consecutive years (2014-2016). Of the 49 analyzed FRs, 11 alternative halogenated FRs (HFRs), 13 alternative organophosphorus FRs (OPFRs), and 4 legacy polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were detected in at least one sample. The average bulk (dissolved + particulate) concentrations of ∑FRs (including all sites) were highest for ∑HFRs (38 ± 70 ng L-1), followed by the ∑OPFRs (3.9 ± 4.9 ng L-1) and the ∑PBDEs (0.0040 ± 0.016 ng L-1). Bulk concentrations of HFRs, OPFRs, and PBDEs were highly variable with season and sampling location, e.g., during spring flood, bulk concentrations were up to 600 times, 3.7 times, and 4.9 times higher for HFRs, OPFRs and PBDEs, respectively, than during periods of lower flow. Bulk concentrations of ∑OPFRs, were elevated at all sites ~6 days before the actual start of the spring flood in 2015, suggesting that hydrophobicity fractionation had occurred within the snowpack. Similar to previous studies of other POPs in the same headwater catchment, there was a general trend that levels of ∑FRs were higher at the mire site than at the forested site. Annual fluxes of FRs were found to be ~15 times higher downstream the city of Umeå compared to at the outlet of the pristine catchment. This study should be regarded as a screening study considering the large number of diverse FRs analyzed and variability in the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Gustavsson
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Minh A Nguyen
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarah Josefsson
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden; Geological Survey of Sweden, Box 670, 75128 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Laudon
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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132
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Li N, Ho W, Sun Wu RS, Ying GG, Wang Z, Jones K, Deng WJ. Organophosphate flame retardants and bisphenol A in children's urine in Hong Kong: has the burden been underestimated? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109502. [PMID: 31394373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The urine levels of organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) and bisphenol A (BPA) in kindergarten children (n = 31, 4-6 years old, sampling performed in 2016) in Hong Kong were measured. The detection frequency of the target PFRs, tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), tris(chloroisopropyl)phosphate (TCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) ranged from 52% to 84%. The 95th percentile urinary concentrations of TPHP, TDCIPP, TCIPP, EHDPP and TCEP were 1.70, 0.24, 0.03, 0.05, 0.68 and 0.03 ng/mL, respectively. The median urine level of BPA was 1.69 ng/mL, with a detection frequency of 77%. Due to the lack of metabolism information, two scenarios were used to calculate the estimated daily intake (EDI) of these compounds. Back-calculated EDIs of PFRs using the urinary excretion rates from in vivo animal data (scenario 2) were up to 2.97 μg/kg/d (TDCIPP), which was only a little less than that observed in a sample of American infants, and the reference dose (RfD), meaning that the potential health risk of TDCIPP cannot be ignored. Dust ingestion was suggested to be the major pathway of exposure to PFRs, but when the levels in dust and air particles in kindergartens in Hong Kong were used to predict EDIs, these values were nearly half as much as those predicted from urinary TDCIPP in this study. This suggested that children's PFRs burden may be underestimated when considering only PFR levels in dust or air. There is thus a need for further studies with large-scale surveys and investigation of exposure routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wingkei Ho
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Rudolf Shiu Sun Wu
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
| | - Kevin Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Wen-Jing Deng
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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133
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Zhou Q, Wang M, Tong Y, Wang H, Zhou X, Sheng X, Sun Y, Chen C. Improved photoelectrocatalytic degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A with silver and reduced graphene oxide-modified TiO 2 nanotube arrays under simulated sunlight. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109472. [PMID: 31352210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In present study, reductive graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles co-comodified TiO2 nanotube arrays were prepared, and which was investigated to degrade tetrabromobisphenol A. The arrays co-modified with silver nanoparticles and reductive graphene oxide prepared by electrodeposition method exhibited good photoelectrocatalytic degradative activity for tetrabromobisphenol A, and the degradation efficiency reached 99.6% within 80 min. The synergistic effect of high photoresponse of Ag nanoparticles with their high capture ability for photogenerated electrons and the extended wavelength absorption range of reductive graphene oxide resulted in the highest degradation efficiencies. Degradation is postulated to follow a stepwise reductive debromination mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Mengyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yayan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xianqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xueying Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chunmao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China.
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Eng ML, Karouna-Renier NK, Henry PFP, Letcher RJ, Schultz SL, Bean TG, Peters LE, Palace VP, Williams TD, Elliott JE, Fernie KJ. In ovo exposure to brominated flame retardants Part II: Assessment of effects of TBBPA-BDBPE and BTBPE on hatching success, morphometric and physiological endpoints in American kestrels. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 179:151-159. [PMID: 31035249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (TBBPA-BDBPE) and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTPBE) are both brominated flame retardants (BFRs) that have been detected in birds; however, their potential biological effects are largely unknown. We assessed the effects of embryonic exposure to TBBPA-BDBPE and BTBPE in a model avian predator, the American kestrel (Falco sparverius). Fertile eggs from a captive population of kestrels were injected on embryonic day 5 (ED5) with a vehicle control or one of three doses within the range of concentrations that have been detected in biota (nominal concentrations of 0, 10, 50 or 100 ng/g egg; measured concentrations 0, 3.0, 13.7 or 33.5 ng TBBPA-BDBPE/g egg and 0, 5.3, 26.8 or 58.1 ng BTBPE/g egg). Eggs were artificially incubated until hatching (ED28), at which point blood and tissues were collected to measure morphological and physiological endpoints, including organ somatic indices, circulating and glandular thyroid hormone concentrations, thyroid gland histology, hepatic deiodinase activity, and markers of oxidative stress. Neither compound had any effects on embryo survival through 90% of the incubation period or on hatching success, body mass, organ size, or oxidative stress of hatchlings. There was evidence of sex-specific effects in the thyroid system responses to the BTBPE exposures, with type 2 deiodinase (D2) activity decreasing at higher doses in female, but not in male hatchlings, suggesting that females may be more sensitive to BTBPE. However, there were no effects of TBBPA-BDBPE on the thyroid system in kestrels. For the BTPBE study, a subset of high-dose eggs was collected throughout the incubation period to measure changes in BTBPE concentrations. There was no decrease in BTBPE over the incubation period, suggesting that BTBPE is slowly metabolized by kestrel embryos throughout their ∼28-d development. These two compounds, therefore, do not appear to be particularly toxic to embryos of the American kestrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Eng
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Paula F P Henry
- U. S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra L Schultz
- U. S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Thomas G Bean
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lisa E Peters
- Riddell Faculty of Earth Environment and Resources, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vince P Palace
- International Institute of Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tony D Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim J Fernie
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada.
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Li H, Hu Y, Sun Y, De Silva AO, Muir DCG, Wang W, Xie J, Xu X, Pei N, Xiong Y, Luo X, Mai B. Bioaccumulation and translocation of tetrabromobisphenol A and hexabromocyclododecanes in mangrove plants from a national nature reserve of Shenzhen City, South China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:239-246. [PMID: 31146158 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are of ecological concern due to their ubiquitous presence and adverse effects. There is a paucity of data on environmental fate of such compounds in mangrove wetlands, which are unique ecosystems in coastal intertidal areas and act as natural sinks for many pollutants. In this study, mangrove plants and sediments were collected from an urban nature reserve in South China to investigate bioaccumulation and translocation of TBBPA and HBCDs. The mean (range) concentrations of TBBPA and ΣHBCD in roots, stems and leaves were 67 (<MDL-999), 174 (0.73-1105) and 20 (0.59-250) pg/g dry weight (dw), and 329 (15.6-2234), 766 (32.9-3255) and 298 (19.9-1520) pg/g dw, respectively. Tissue-specific accumulations were observed, varying with plant species and compounds. HBCD diastereoisomer patterns were similar for all plant species. γ-HBCD was the major diastereoisomer in roots, while α-HBCD dominated in stems and leaves. The predominance of α-HBCD in aboveground tissues may be ascribed to diastereoisomer-specific translocation, isomerization and/or metabolization in mangrove plants. Preferential enrichment of (-)-α-, (-)-β- and (+)-γ-HBCDs was found in all mangrove plant tissues, suggesting the enantioselectivity for HBCDs in mangrove plants. Translocation factors (log TF, root to stem) of HBCD diastereoisomers and log Kow were negatively correlated (p = 0.03), indicating passive translocation of HBCDs, driven by water movement during transpiration. Sediment-root bioaccumulation factors and log TFs (stem to leaf) both showed no obvious correlation with log Kow of HBCD diastereoisomers. These results reflected the complex behavior of HBCDs in mangrove plants, which have not been sufficiently captured in laboratory-based studies of plant contaminant accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongxia Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Amila O De Silva
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Weiwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinli Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangrong Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Nancai Pei
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Yanmei Xiong
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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136
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Ruan Y, Zhang K, Lam JCW, Wu R, Lam PKS. Stereoisomer-specific occurrence, distribution, and fate of chiral brominated flame retardants in different wastewater treatment systems in Hong Kong. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 374:211-218. [PMID: 31005053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence and fate of 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (TBECH), two chiral brominated flame retardants (BFRs) with sixteen different stereoisomers, in four Hong Kong wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) featuring diverse treatment processes during a two-year sampling campaign. More effective HBCD removal was achieved via biodegradation as compared to sludge sorption, whereas both chemically enhanced primary treatment and secondary treatment yielded high TBECH elimination (>90%). α-HBCD (54-75%) predominated in all samples, and its proportions were increased in effluent as compared to influent and sludge. α- and β-TBECH (72.3-84.4% in total) were the predominant TBECH diastereomers, with a proportional shift from the latter to the former diastereomer mostly observed after treatment. More rapid biodegradation and preferential sorption of γ-HBCD as compared to α-HBCD as well as β-TBECH as compared to α-TBECH might account for this changing pattern. This is the first study to report the enantiomer-specific behavior of chiral BFRs in different wastewater treatment processes. A preferential elimination of (+)-α- and (+)-γ-HBCD and E2-β-TBECH (the second enantiomeric elution order) took place consistently after biological treatment, possibly due to enantioselective adsorption and microbial degradation. Our results highlight the importance of conducting enantiospecific analysis for chiral pollutants in wastewater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - James C W Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong of Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Rongben Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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137
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A Review of a Class of Emerging Contaminants: The Classification, Distribution, Intensity of Consumption, Synthesis Routes, Environmental Effects and Expectation of Pollution Abatement to Organophosphate Flame Retardants (OPFRs). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122874. [PMID: 31212857 PMCID: PMC6627825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have been detected in various environmental matrices and have been identified as emerging contaminants (EC). Given the adverse influence of OPFRs, many researchers have focused on the absorption, bioaccumulation, metabolism, and internal exposure processes of OPFRs in animals and humans. This paper first reviews the evolution of various types of flame retardants (FRs) and the environmental pollution of OPFRs, the different absorption pathways of OPFRs by animals and humans (such as inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption and absorption), and then summarizes the environmental impacts of OPFRs, including their biological toxicity, bioaccumulation, persistence, migration, endocrine disruption and carcinogenicity. Based on limited available data and results, this study also summarizes the bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential of OPFRs in different types of biological and food nets. In addition, a new governance idea for the replacement of existing OPFRs from the source is proposed, seeking environmentally friendly alternatives to OPFRs in order to provide new ideas and theoretical guidance for the removal of OPFRs.
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138
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Rocha ORSD, Oliveira JE, Almeida LC, Silva TDD, Silva JPD, Nascimento Júnior WJ, Dantas RF. REMOVAL OF TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY TiO2 HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSIS SUPPORTED OVER A NEW METAL PLATE WITH KINETIC STUDY. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20190362s20180215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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139
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Hao Y, Li Y, Han X, Wang T, Yang R, Wang P, Xiao K, Li W, Lu H, Fu J, Wang Y, Shi J, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Air monitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorine pesticides in West Antarctica during 2011-2017: Concentrations, temporal trends and potential sources. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 249:381-389. [PMID: 30913437 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Annual air samples were collected at various sites in the Fildes Peninsula, West Antarctica from December 2010 to January 2018 using XAD-2 resin passive air samplers to investigate concentrations, temporal trends and potential sources of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Antarctic air. Relatively low concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (Σ19PCBs: 1.5-29.7 pg/m3), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (Σ12PBDEs: 0.2-2.9 pg/m3) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) (Σ13OCPs: 101-278 pg/m3) were found in the atmosphere of West Antarctica. PCB-11, BDE-47 and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were the predominant compounds in the atmosphere. The concentrations of PCBs, HCHs, DDTs and endosulfans were found to show decreasing temporal trends, whereas uniform temporal trends were observed for HCB. The atmospheric half-life values for PCBs, HCHs, DDTs and endosulfans in Antarctic air were estimated for the first time, using regressions of the natural logarithm of the concentrations versus the number of years, obtaining the values of 2.0, 2.0, 2.4 and 1.2 year, respectively. An increasing ratio of α-HCH/γ-HCH indicated long residence time for α-HCH and possible transformation of γ-HCH to α-HCH in the atmosphere. The ratios of p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE were mostly lower than unity in this study, which could be attributed to aged sources. It was found that long-range atmospheric transport was still considered to be the main contributing factor to the atmospheric levels of the POPs in West Antarctica whereas the contribution of human activities at the Chinese Great Wall Station was minor. The results of this study give a view on the most recent temporal trends and provide new insights regarding the occurrence of various POPs in the Antarctic atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Xu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Thanh Wang
- MTM Research Center, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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140
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Spörndly-Nees E, Holm L, van Beest FM, Fakhrzadeh A, Ekstedt E, Letcher R, Magnusson U, Desforges JP, Dietz R, Sonne C. Age and seasonal variation in testis and baculum morphology in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in relation to high concentrations of persistent organic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:246-254. [PMID: 30928855 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are found in high concentrations in the Artic. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are one of the most exposed mammals in the Arctic and are thereby vulnerable to reproductive disruption. The aim of this study was to investigate male polar bear reproduction based on a detailed evaluation of testis histology and to assess possible effects of environmental chemicals on male polar bear reproduction. Reproductive groups that were identified based on histology were as follows: actively reproductive (REP), non-reproductive either with degenerated testes (DEG), undeveloped seminiferous tubules (UND), or morphology in-transition (INT). Categorization into these groups was supported by significant differences in testis and baculum measurements among REP, DEG, and UND, as well as differences in the area and diameter of seminiferous tubules among REP, DEG, and UND. These results show that it is possible to identify the reproductive stage in polar bears even if capture date and or age is lacking. Based on testis morphology we suggest that adult male polar bears from East Greenland have active spermatogenesis in February to June, and inactive degenerated testes in August to January. January to February was the main period of reproductive transition, characterised by a shift between inactive and active spermatogenesis. Baculum and testis size measurements decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of the chlordane metabolite oxychlordane, suggesting a potential impact on male reproductive success. Half of the investigated polar bears in REP group displayed signs of disorganization of the spermatogenesis which might be a sign of disrupted reproduction. However, no correlations with levels of the investigated POPs were detected. Reproductive organ measurements in polar bears differed significantly between REP and DEG groups, which cannot be explained by age, and therefore should be considered when investigating the effect of POPs on male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellinor Spörndly-Nees
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, 75007, Sweden.
| | - Lena Holm
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, 75007, Sweden
| | - Floris M van Beest
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-400, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Azadeh Fakhrzadeh
- Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc) Tehran Province, No. 1090, Enghelab, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elisabeth Ekstedt
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, 75007, Sweden
| | - Robert Letcher
- Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Bldg. 33, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Ulf Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jean-Pierre Desforges
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-400, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-400, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-400, Roskilde, Denmark
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141
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Boitsov S, Grøsvik BE, Nesje G, Malde K, Klungsøyr J. Levels and temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) from the southern Barents Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 172:89-97. [PMID: 30782539 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Liver samples of two gadoid species, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), sampled in the southern Barents Sea in the period 1992-2015, were studied for the levels of six types of persistent organic pollutants (POPs): polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorinated organic pesticides (DDTs, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), trans-nonachlor (TNC)), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Higher average levels were found in cod than in haddock. Sampling approximately every third year allowed studies of temporal trends for all the compound groups except PBDEs. Time series are reported for 1992-2015 for Atlantic cod and for 1998-2015 for haddock. Decreasing temporal trends have been modeled in cod for the analyzed POPs for this time period. The decrease seems to be slowing down in the later years. HCB levels showed least decrease with time among all the contaminants, with the poorest fit to the proposed model. Similar time trends were found in haddock, but the decrease is less apparent due to shorter time series. The observed time trends of legacy POPs document the effectiveness of efforts during the 1990s to reduce the levels of these contaminants in the marine environment but question the possibility to eliminate them altogether from the marine environment in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Boitsov
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Guri Nesje
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ketil Malde
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jarle Klungsøyr
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
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142
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Tongue ADW, Reynolds SJ, Fernie KJ, Harrad S. Flame retardant concentrations and profiles in wild birds associated with landfill: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:646-658. [PMID: 30844700 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Given factors such as their persistence and toxicity, legacy brominated flame retardants (BFRs) like polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), are designated as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and are subject to regulation. Waste streams likely represent a substantial reservoir of legacy BFRs given that they were once widely applied to goods which are increasingly likely to be obsolete. Waste streams are also increasingly likely to be a source of emerging flame retardants, in particular, novel BFRs (NBFRs), the halogenated norbornene flame retardant Dechlorane Plus (DDC-CO) and the brominated, chlorinated or non-halogenated organophosphate triester flame retardants (PFRs). Many bird populations rely on landfill and its surrounding land-use for inter alia the opportunities it provides for activities such as foraging and resting. However, studies on captive and wild (free-living) birds have demonstrated deleterious effects of several FRs. Globally, approximately 250 bird species, including many of conservation concern, are reported to use landfill and surrounding habitat (including wastewater treatment operations), thus putting birds potentially at risk of exposure to such chemicals. We synthesise and critically evaluate a total of 18 studies covering eight avian species published between 2008 and 2018 (inclusive) across four continents that report flame retardant (FR) burdens in birds utilising landfill. Several such studies found FRs at among the highest concentrations detected in wild biota to date. We recommend that ongoing research be focused on landfill-associated birds, given that landfill is an important source of FRs and other anthropogenic chemicals, and particularly at sites where species are of conservation concern. We suggest ways in which the comparative power of studies could be enhanced in the future, the reporting of a minimum common suite of key chemicals, and where feasible, standardisation of the tissue compartments (i.e., eggs) to be studied. We conclude by identifying future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D W Tongue
- Centre for Ornithology, School of Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - S James Reynolds
- Centre for Ornithology, School of Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; The Army Ornithological Society (AOS), c/o Prince Consort Library, Knollys Road, Aldershot, Hampshire, GU11 1PS, UK
| | - Kim J Fernie
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Environment & Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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143
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Zhu N, Yang Y, Xu H, Wang Q, Wei Y, Li M, Li F, Wang Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Wang X, Fang Y. Bioaccumulation of decabromodiphenyl ether affects the antioxidant system in the clam Mactra veneriformis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 68:19-26. [PMID: 30861468 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant enzymes play vital roles against oxidative stress induced by decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), being widespread in marine environment. However, the effect of BDE-209 on antioxidant enzymes remains poorly understood in marine bivalves. In this study, the clams Mactra veneriformis were exposed to 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L BDE-209 for 7 days and then maintained in clean seawater for 3 days as the depuration. The bioaccumulation of BDE-209 and the effects on superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were investigated. BDE-209 accumulation was concentration-dependent and decreased by 36%-52% after recovery. Malondialdehyde contents increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. mRNA expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes changed with different patterns and recovered after depuration. These results suggested that antioxidant systems were triggered to protect the clams from oxidative damage caused by BDE-209. Thus, this research is helpful in elucidating the effect of BDE-209 on antioxidant system in marine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Yantai Environmental Monitoring Center, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Fan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Yihao Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yan Fang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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144
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Diamandakis D, Zieminska E, Siwiec M, Tokarski K, Salinska E, Lenart J, Hess G, Lazarewicz JW. Tetrabromobisphenol A-induced depolarization of rat cerebellar granule cells: ex vivo and in vitro studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:64-73. [PMID: 30769291 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The brominated flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is toxic to cultured brain neurons, and glutamate receptors partially mediate this effect; consequently, the depolarizing effect of TBBPA on neurons is to be expected, but it is yet to be actually demonstrated. The aim of this study was to detect TBBPA-evoked depolarization and identify the underlying mechanisms. The plasma membrane potential of rat cerebellar granule cells (CGC) in cerebellar slices or in primary cultures was measured using whole-cell current clamp recordings, or the fluorescent probe oxonol VI, respectively. The contribution of NMDA and AMPA receptors, voltage-gated sodium channels and intracellular calcium mobilization was tested using their selective antagonists or inhibitors. Direct interactions of TBBPA with NMDARs were tested by measuring the specific binding of radiolabeled NMDAR ligands to isolated rat cortical membrane fraction. TBBPA (25 μM) strongly depolarized CGC in cerebellar slices, and at ≥ 7.5 μM concentration-dependently depolarized primary CGC cultures. Depolarization of the primary CGC by 25 μM TBBPA was partly reduced when MK-801 was applied alone or in combination with either TTX or CNQX, or where bastadin 12 was applied in combination with ryanodine, whereas depolarization was completely prevented when MK-801, CNQX and TTX where combined. TBBPA had no effect on the specific binding of NMDAR radio-ligands to isolated cortical membranes. These results demonstrate the depolarizing effect of TBBPA on CGC, which is mainly mediated by ionotropic glutamate receptors, while voltage-gated sodium channels are also involved. We found no evidence for the direct activation of NMDARs by TBBPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Diamandakis
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elzbieta Zieminska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Siwiec
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Tokarski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Elzbieta Salinska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Lenart
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Hess
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jerzy W Lazarewicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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145
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Grimaldi M, Boulahtouf A, Toporova L, Balaguer P. Functional profiling of bisphenols for nuclear receptors. Toxicology 2019; 420:39-45. [PMID: 30951782 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the most abundant chemicals produced worldwide. Exposure to BPA has been associated with various physiological dysregulations, involving reproduction, development, metabolism, as well as genesis and progression of hormone-dependent cancers. It has been well published that BPA along with its analogs bind and activate estrogen receptors (ER) α and β, estrogen related receptor (ERR) γ and pregnan X receptor (PXR). BPA has been also characterized as an inhibitor of the androgen (AR) and progesterone (PR) receptor. Thus, the need for safer alternatives to BPA among bisphenols is rising. In this regard, we used reporter cell lines to analyze the effects of 24 bisphenols on the selected nuclear receptors (NRs), known and potential targets of BPA. We showed that bisphenols differently modulated the activities of NRs. ERs, ERRγ and PXR were generally activated by bisphenols, whereas many compounds of this family acted as AR, PR, GR and MR antagonists. On the other hand, some bisphenols such as BPA, BPC and BPE modulated the activity of several NRs, but others lacked the activity of other NRs. Altogether, these data provide the guidelines for development of safer BPA substitutes with reduced hormonal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Grimaldi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, ICM, Univ. Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Abdelhay Boulahtouf
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, ICM, Univ. Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucia Toporova
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, ICM, Univ. Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, ICM, Univ. Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France.
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146
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Wang X, Hu Z, Chen K, Dong H, Li S, Li X, Li L. Efficient photocatalytic debromination of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether by Ag-loaded CdS particles under visible light. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:723-730. [PMID: 30611070 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Highly active and visible light-driven Ag-loaded CdS photocatalysts were prepared via a hydrothermal synthesis and photodeposition method. The removal and debromination of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether was achieved efficiently using this Ag-loaded CdS under visible light, with a removal efficiency of 100% and a debromination ratio of 44.3% being achieved within 30 min. Both the reaction solvent and the water content were found to have a strong influence on the removal efficiency and the debromination ratio. In addition, the stepwise debromination preference was ortho ≫ para, thereby indicating that the main debromination pathway was electron reduction. The stability and efficiency of these Ag-loaded CdS photocatalysts for the removal of BDE47 were satisfactory, and so our results confirmed the development of a promising visible light-driven catalyst for the removal of polybrominated diphenyl ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Functional Materials for Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhe Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Functional Materials for Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Functional Materials for Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haitai Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Functional Materials for Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shangyi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Functional Materials for Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xukai Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Functional Materials for Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Laisheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Functional Materials for Environmental Protection, School of Chemistry & Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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147
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Yang C, Abdallah MAE, Desborough J, Burniston D, Tomy G, Harrad S, Marvin C. Trends in hexabromocyclododecanes in the UK and North America. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:861-867. [PMID: 30583182 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Water samples (n = 107) taken from nine English freshwater lakes from a mix of urban, rural, and remote locations on 12 occasions between August 2008 and February 2012, and archived suspended sediment samples (n = 39) collected over the period 1980-2012 at the mouth of the Niagara River in Lake Ontario were analysed to assess the temporal trends in contamination by the three main hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) diastereomers (α-, β-, and γ-HBCD). HBCDs (45 to 890 pg L-1, n = 107) were generally equally distributed between the operationally defined freely dissolved and particulate phases in English lake water. Concentrations of HBCDs declined over the sampling period with half-lives of 5.1 years in English water, with a significantly decreasing trend also observed for Niagara River suspended sediments (NRSSs). With respect to seasonal trends, significantly higher concentrations were found in colder compared to warmer periods at 5 out of 9 English lakes, while NRSSs in this study revealed no statistically significant seasonal trends. The maximum HBCD concentration in NRSSs was about 3 orders of magnitude lower than those detected in English lake water, which is plausible given the greater per capita use of HBCD in Europe than North America. While γ-HBCD was consistently dominant (35-86%; mean = 56%) in English lake water samples, and dominated in NRSSs collected prior to 2002 inclusive (13-100%, mean = 73%), the abundance of γ-HBCD was significantly lower (3.5-37%; mean = 23%) in NRSSs from 2003 onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congqiao Yang
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B1, Canada; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Jennifer Desborough
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Debbie Burniston
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Gregg Tomy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chris Marvin
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada.
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148
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Ma X, Wang Z, Yu L, Yao W, Xiao L, Yao Z, Na G, Wang YW, Jiang G. Mirror image between gas-particle partitioning and soil-moss distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the polar regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:1199-1206. [PMID: 30625651 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and congener-specific profiles of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were investigated in the atmosphere, soil and moss samples were collected from Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard in the Arctic and King Georgia Island (KGI), Fildes Peninsula in Antarctica, respectively. The congener profiles of PBDEs were symmetrical between gas and moss, as well as between particles and soil at Ny-Ålesund and KGI, respectively, similar to a "mirror image". The proportions of highly brominated congeners (for example, BDE-99, -153 and -183) in the particle phase and soil were higher than those in the gas phase and moss, while tri- and tetra-BDEs possessed higher proportions in the gas phase and moss at both sites. The slopes of log-log linear correlations between the gas-particle partition coefficient (Kp) and sub-cooled liquid vapor pressures (p°L) of PBDEs were observed at both sites compared with the values in the urban areas. Moreover, the slopes of logKp vs. logp°L (-0.51 at Ny-Ålesund and - 0.29 at KGI) were notably close to the slopes of log-log linear correlations between the dimensionless soil-moss quotient (QSM) and p°L (-0.42 at Ny-Ålesund and -0.22 at KGI). Significant correlations between particle fraction (φparticle) and soil fraction (φsoil) at both sites indicated that the gas-particle partitioning of PBDEs is directly related to their distribution in moss and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Limin Yu
- State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Wenjun Yao
- State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory for Marine Disaster Forecasting, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ziwei Yao
- State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guangshui Na
- State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yawei W Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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149
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Chokwe TB, Magubane MN, Abafe OA, Okonkwo JO, Sibiya IV. Levels, distributions, and ecological risk assessments of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and alternative flame retardants in river sediments from Vaal River, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:7156-7163. [PMID: 30648238 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sediments are known to be the ultimate sink for most pollutants in the aquatic environment. In this study, the concentrations of both legacy polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative halogenated flame retardants (AHFRs) were measured in sediments samples from the Vaal River catchment. The concentrations of Σ7BDE-congeners ranged from 20 to 78 ng g-1 dry weight (dw) with BDE-209, -99, and -153 as the dominant congeners. The concentrations observed ranged from 9.4-56, 4-32, and 1-10.6 ng g-1 for BDE-209, -99, and -153, respectively. The concentrations of AHFRs, mainly contributed by decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) at approximately 95% of total AHFRs, ranged from 64 to 359 ng g-1 dw while the concentration of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), mainly PBB-209, ranged from 3.3-7.1 ng g-1 dw. The ratios of AHFRs to PBDEs observed in this study were 0.76, 1.17, and 7.3 for 2-ethyl-1-hexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate (EH-TBB & BEH-TEBP)/penta-BDE; 1,2-bis-(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE)/octa-BDE; and DBDPE/BDE209, respectively. These results indicate dominance of some AHFRs compared to PBDEs. Our results indicates that BDE-99 poses high risk (RQ > 1) while BDE-209 posed medium risk (0.1 < RQ < 1). Though the concentration of DBDPE was several orders of magnitude higher than BDE209, its ecological risk was found to be negligible (RQ < 0.01). Thus, more attention is required to regulate the input (especially the e-waste recycling sites) of brominated flame retardants into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tlou B Chokwe
- Rand Water Scientific Services, 2 Barrage Road, Vereeniging, 1930, Republic of South Africa.
| | - Makhosazane N Magubane
- Rand Water Scientific Services, 2 Barrage Road, Vereeniging, 1930, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ovokeroye A Abafe
- Agricultural Research Council -OVR, 100 Old Soutpan Road, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, Republic of South Africa
| | - Jonathan O Okonkwo
- Department of Water, Environmental and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Mandela Road, Pretoria, 0001, Republic of South Africa
| | - Innocentia V Sibiya
- Department of Water, Environmental and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Mandela Road, Pretoria, 0001, Republic of South Africa
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150
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Ahmed KEM, Frøysa HG, Karlsen OA, Blaser N, Zimmer KE, Berntsen HF, Verhaegen S, Ropstad E, Kellmann R, Goksøyr A. Effects of defined mixtures of POPs and endocrine disruptors on the steroid metabolome of the human H295R adrenocortical cell line. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:328-339. [PMID: 30476764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of environmental pollutants in our ecosystem may impose harmful health effects to wildlife and humans. Several of these toxic chemicals have a potential to interfere with the endocrine system. The adrenal cortex has been identified as the main target organ affected by endocrine disrupting chemicals. The aim of this work was to assess exposure effects of defined and environmentally relevant mixtures of chlorinated, brominated and perfluorinated chemicals on steroidogenesis, using the H295R adrenocortical cell line model in combination with a newly developed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. By using this approach, we could simultaneously analyze 19 of the steroids in the steroid biosynthesis pathway, revealing a deeper insight into possible disruption of steroidogenesis. Our results showed a noticeable down-regulation in steroid production when cells were exposed to the highest concentration of a mixture of brominated and fluorinated compounds (10,000-times human blood values). In contrast, up-regulation was observed with estrone under the same experimental condition, as well as with some other steroids when cells were exposed to a perfluorinated mixture (1000-times human blood values), and the mixture of chlorinated and fluorinated compounds. Interestingly, the low concentration of the perfluorinated mixture alone produced a significant, albeit small, down-regulation of pregnenolone, and the total mixture a similar effect on 17-hydroxypregnenolone. Other mixtures resulted in only slight deviations from the control. Indication of synergistic effects were noted when we used a statistical model to improve data interpretation. A potential for adverse outcomes of human exposures is indicated, pointing to the need for further investigation into these mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Håvard G Frøysa
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Nello Blaser
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Karin Elisabeth Zimmer
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 8146 Dep. N-0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hanne Friis Berntsen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 8146 Dep. N-0033, Oslo, Norway; Department of Administration, Lab Animal Unit, National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330 Majorstuen, N-0304, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Steven Verhaegen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 8146 Dep. N-0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Erik Ropstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 8146 Dep. N-0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ralf Kellmann
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
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