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Malli R, Graier WF. The Role of Mitochondria in the Activation/Maintenance of SOCE: The Contribution of Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Uptake, Mitochondrial Motility, and Location to Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 993:297-319. [PMID: 28900921 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57732-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In most cell types, the depletion of internal Ca2+ stores triggers the activation of Ca2+ entry. This crucial phenomenon is known since the 1980s and referred to as store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). With the discoveries of the stromal-interacting molecules (STIMs) and the Ca2+-permeable Orai channels as the long-awaited molecular constituents of SOCE, the role of mitochondria in controlling the activity of this particular Ca2+ entry pathway is kind of buried in oblivion. However, the capability of mitochondria to locally sequester Ca2+ at sites of Ca2+ release and entry was initially supposed to rule SOCE by facilitating the Ca2+ depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum and removing entering Ca2+ from the Ca2+-inhibitable channels, respectively. Moreover, the central role of these organelles in controlling the cellular energy metabolism has been linked to the activity of SOCE. Nevertheless, the exact molecular mechanisms by which mitochondria actually determine SOCE are still pretty obscure. In this essay we describe the complexity of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake machinery and its regulation, molecular components, and properties, which open new ways for scrutinizing the contribution of mitochondria to SOCE. Moreover, data concerning the variability of the morphology and cellular distribution of mitochondria as putative determinants of SOCE activation, maintenance, and termination are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Malli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Moreau C, Cioci G, Iannello M, Laffly E, Chouquet A, Ferreira A, Thielens NM, Gaboriaud C. Structures of parasite calreticulins provide insights into their flexibility and dual carbohydrate/peptide-binding properties. IUCRJ 2016; 3:408-419. [PMID: 27840680 PMCID: PMC5094443 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252516012847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is a multifaceted protein, initially discovered as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein, that is essential in calcium metabolism. Various implications in cancer, early development and immunology have been discovered more recently for CRT, as well as its role as a dominant 'eat-me' prophagocytic signal. Intriguingly, cell-surface exposure/secretion of CRT is among the infective strategies used by parasites such as Trypanosoma cruzi, Entamoeba histolytica, Taenia solium, Leishmania donovani and Schistosoma mansoni. Because of the inherent flexibility of CRTs, their analysis by X-ray crystallography requires the design of recombinant constructs suitable for crystallization, and thus only the structures of two very similar mammalian CRT lectin domains are known. With the X-ray structures of two distant parasite CRTs, insights into species structural determinants that might be harnessed to fight against the parasites without affecting the functions of the host CRT are now provided. Moreover, although the hypothesis that CRT can exhibit both open and closed conformations has been proposed in relation to its chaperone function, only the open conformation has so far been observed in crystal structures. The first evidence is now provided of a complex conformational transition with the junction reoriented towards P-domain closure. SAXS experiments also provided additional information about the flexibility of T. cruzi CRT in solution, thus complementing crystallographic data on the open conformation. Finally, regarding the conserved lectin-domain structure and chaperone function, evidence is provided of its dual carbohydrate/protein specificity and a new scheme is proposed to interpret such unusual substrate-binding properties. These fascinating features are fully consistent with previous experimental observations, as discussed considering the broad spectrum of CRT sequence conservations and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Moreau
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Gianluca Cioci
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Marina Iannello
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Laffly
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Chouquet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Arturo Ferreira
- Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole M. Thielens
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Gaboriaud
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38044 Grenoble, France
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103
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Wang G, Jiang Z, Zhang M, Yang N, Zhu D. Identification of a new calreticulin homolog from Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) and its role in innate immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:108-115. [PMID: 27633681 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is a multifunctional and highly conserved Ca2+-binding protein shared among vertebrates and invertebrates. In this study, we cloned and characterized a CRT gene, PyCRT, from Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis. The full-length cDNA of PyCRT was 1830 bp, including a 1242 bp open reading frame (ORF), a 29 bp 5'-untranslated region and a 559 bp 3'-untranslated region. PyCRT was consisted of three distinct structural and functional domains (N-, P- and C-domains), a signal peptide and an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrieval signal sequence (HDEL). Tissue specific expression analysis showed that PyCRT was distributed widely in Yesso scallop, and was highly expressed in the mantle and hemocytes. After Vibrio anguillarum challenge, the expression of PyCRT in hemocytes had a significant increase and reached the maximum level at 12 h post-infection. We also demonstrated for the first time in mollusc that the recombinant PyCRT (rPyCRT) could bind to the Gram-negative bacterium V. anguillarum, Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Our results suggested that the CRT gene from Yesso scallop possessed immune-related regulatory functions in the innate immune system in scallops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zengjie Jiang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dongfa Zhu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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104
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Yang JL, Qin Y, Li L, Cao CY, Wang Q, Li Q, Lv YF, Wang Y. Apoptotic Melanoma B16-F1 Cells Induced by Lidamycin Could Initiate the Antitumor Immune Response in BABL/c Mice. Oncol Res 2016; 23:79-86. [PMID: 26802654 PMCID: PMC7842507 DOI: 10.3727/096504015x14478843952942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of tumor cell apoptosis induced by specific regents, calreticulin (CRT) was transferred from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) onto the cell membrane. These tumor cells, when used as the cellular vaccine to immunize experimental animals, could initiate effective antitumor immunoresponse against homologous tumor cells. This is referred to as immunogenic cell death. Lidamycin (LDM) is an enediyne antibiotic, which has extremely potent cytotoxicity to cancer cells. In this study, the mouse melanoma B16-F1 cancer cells were used to investigate the ability of LDM in promoting immunogenic cell death. Our data showed that LDM could induce apoptosis of B16-F1 cancer cells, accompanied by CRT translocation onto the cell membrane. These LDM-treated B16-F1 cells could be recognized and phagocytosed more efficiently by macrophage and dendritic cells. When the LDM-treated apoptotic B16-F1 cells were used as a whole-cell tumor vaccine to immune mice, the mice obtained resistance against rechallenged B16-F1 living cells. At the same time, the specific antitumor immune response was observed in these vaccinated mice. The splenocytes from the mice vaccinated with LDM-treated B16-F1 cells showed significantly enhanced NK lymphocyte activities and also faster growth rate and increased secretion of IFN-γ when encountering the cellular antigens from B16-F1 cells. All these results suggested that LDM could promote immunogenic cell death in B16-F1 cells, and these LDM-treated B16-F1 cells could be used as a sort of cell vaccine to initiate effective antitumor immunoresponse in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-lin Yang
- China Three Gorges University Medical College, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Yichang, Hubei, China
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105
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Zhang L, Wang L, Wang R, Pan Y, Gao Y, Fu P. Protective effects of GTM-1 on endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by thapsgargin in rat neurons. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:821-827. [PMID: 27723573 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
GTM-1 is a drug that reverses Alzheimer's Disease (AD) development specifically induced by thapsgargin (TG) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been reported to be a pilot process that leads to AD formation. It is speculated that GTM-1 could also prohibit TG-induced ER stress. In this study, we utilized immuno-fluorescence to identify morphological changes in nucleus and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe neuronal ultra-structures. Moreover, expressions of GRP78, CHOP, Bcl-2 and cytochrome c were assessed using immuno-blotting, while calcium concentration was detected by fluorescence spectrometer. As suggested by the above cellular experiments, neuronal ultrastructures were damaged by the treatment of TG, while this damaging trend was reversed when neurons were simultaneously treated with both TG and GTM-1. Besides that, certain marker proteins of ER stress (e.g. GRP78, CHOP, and cytochrome c) and calcium concentrations in neurons were significantly increased when TG was applied, while these levels were reduced to normal conditions when GTM-1 was added in the treatment. In conclusion, GTM-1 restrained the ongoing of ER stress that was induced by TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Run Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, 85 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yonghua Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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106
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Rodríguez-Arribas M, Yakhine-Diop SMS, Pedro JMBS, Gómez-Suaga P, Gómez-Sánchez R, Martínez-Chacón G, Fuentes JM, González-Polo RA, Niso-Santano M. Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs): Overview and Its Role in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6287-6303. [PMID: 27714635 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) are structures that regulate physiological functions between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria in order to maintain calcium signaling and mitochondrial biogenesis. Several proteins located in MAMs, including those encoded by PARK genes and some of neurodegeneration-related proteins (huntingtin, presenilin, etc.), ensure this regulation. In this regard, MAM alteration is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's (PD), Alzheimer's (AD), and Huntington's diseases (HD) and contributes to the appearance of the pathogenesis features, i.e., autophagy dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and lately, neuronal death. Moreover,, ER stress and/or damaged mitochondria can be the cause of these disruptions. Therefore, ER-mitochondria contact structure and function are crucial to multiple cellular processes. This review is focused on the molecular interaction between ER and mitochondria indispensable to MAM formation and on MAM alteration-induced etiology of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rodríguez-Arribas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. De la Universidad S/N, C.P, 10003, Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain.,Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, C.P, 10003, Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | - S M S Yakhine-Diop
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. De la Universidad S/N, C.P, 10003, Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain.,Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, C.P, 10003, Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | - J M Bravo-San Pedro
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France.,INSERM U1138, 75006, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006, Paris, France.,Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - P Gómez-Suaga
- Department Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute Kings College London, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - R Gómez-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G Martínez-Chacón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. De la Universidad S/N, C.P, 10003, Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain.,Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, C.P, 10003, Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | - J M Fuentes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. De la Universidad S/N, C.P, 10003, Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain.,Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, C.P, 10003, Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | - R A González-Polo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. De la Universidad S/N, C.P, 10003, Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain. .,Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, C.P, 10003, Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - M Niso-Santano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. De la Universidad S/N, C.P, 10003, Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain. .,Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, C.P, 10003, Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain.
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107
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Redox-assisted regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum by disulfide reductase ERdj5. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E6055-E6063. [PMID: 27694578 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605818113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) is an important second messenger that regulates numerous cellular functions. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is strictly controlled by Ca2+ channels and pumps on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membranes. The ER calcium pump, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), imports Ca2+ from the cytosol into the ER in an ATPase activity-dependent manner. The activity of SERCA2b, the ubiquitous isoform of SERCA, is negatively regulated by disulfide bond formation between two luminal cysteines. Here, we show that ERdj5, a mammalian ER disulfide reductase, which we reported to be involved in the ER-associated degradation of misfolded proteins, activates the pump function of SERCA2b by reducing its luminal disulfide bond. Notably, ERdj5 activated SERCA2b at a lower ER luminal [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]ER), whereas a higher [Ca2+]ER induced ERdj5 to form oligomers that were no longer able to interact with the pump, suggesting [Ca2+]ER-dependent regulation. Binding Ig protein, an ER-resident molecular chaperone, exerted a regulatory role in the oligomerization by binding to the J domain of ERdj5. These results identify ERdj5 as one of the master regulators of ER calcium homeostasis and thus shed light on the importance of cross talk among redox, Ca2+, and protein homeostasis in the ER.
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108
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Martinez NJ, Rai G, Yasgar A, Lea WA, Sun H, Wang Y, Luci DK, Yang SM, Nishihara K, Takeda S, Sagor M, Earnshaw I, Okada T, Mori K, Wilson K, Riggins GJ, Xia M, Grimaldi M, Jadhav A, Maloney DJ, Simeonov A. A High-Throughput Screen Identifies 2,9-Diazaspiro[5.5]Undecanes as Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response with Cytotoxic Activity in 3D Glioma Cell Models. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161486. [PMID: 27570969 PMCID: PMC5003374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in Ca2+ signaling and protein folding. ER Ca2+ depletion and accumulation of unfolded proteins activate the molecular chaperone GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein 78) which in turn triggers the ER stress response (ERSR) pathway aimed to restore ER homeostasis. Failure to adapt to stress, however, results in apoptosis. We and others have shown that malignant cells are more susceptible to ERSR-induced apoptosis than their normal counterparts, implicating the ERSR as a potential target for cancer therapeutics. Predicated on these findings, we developed an assay that uses a GRP78 biosensor to identify small molecule activators of ERSR in glioma cells. We performed a quantitative high-throughput screen (qHTS) against a collection of ~425,000 compounds and a comprehensive panel of orthogonal secondary assays was formulated for stringent compound validation. We identified novel activators of ERSR, including a compound with a 2,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane core, which depletes intracellular Ca2+ stores and induces apoptosis-mediated cell death in several cancer cell lines, including patient-derived and 3D cultures of glioma cells. This study demonstrates that our screening platform enables the identification and profiling of ERSR inducers with cytotoxic activity and advocates for characterization of these compound in in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia J. Martinez
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States of America
| | - Ganesha Rai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States of America
| | - Adam Yasgar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States of America
| | - Wendy A. Lea
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States of America
| | - Hongmao Sun
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States of America
| | - Yuhong Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States of America
| | - Diane K. Luci
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States of America
| | - Shyh-Ming Yang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States of America
| | - Kana Nishihara
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 606–8501, Japan
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States of America
| | - Mohiuddin Sagor
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 606–8501, Japan
| | - Irina Earnshaw
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 606–8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okada
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake, Sakyo, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Mori
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake, Sakyo, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan
| | - Kelli Wilson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Riggins
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States of America
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States of America
| | - Maurizio Grimaldi
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, United States of America
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States of America
| | - David J. Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AS); (DJM)
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AS); (DJM)
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109
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Ramesh BS, Giorgakis E, Lopez-Davila V, Dashtarzheneha AK, Loizidou M. Detection of cell surface calreticulin as a potential cancer biomarker using near-infrared emitting gold nanoclusters. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:285101. [PMID: 27255548 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/28/285101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is a cytoplasmic calcium-binding protein. The aim of this study was to investigate CRT presence in cancer with the use of fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and to explore AuNC synthesis using mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) as a coating agent. MSA-coated AuNCs conferred well-dispersed, bio-stable, water-soluble nanoparticles with bioconjugation capacity and 800-850 nm fluorescence after broad-band excitation. Cell-viability assay revealed good AuNC tolerability. A native CRT amino-terminus corresponding peptide sequence was synthesised and used to generate rabbit site-specific antibodies. Target specificity was demonstrated with antibody blocking in colorectal and breast cancer cell models; human umbilical vein endothelial cells served as controls. We demonstrated a novel route of AuNC/MSA manufacture and CRT presence on colonic and breast cancerous cell surface. AuNCs served as fluorescent bio-probes specifically recognising surface-bound CRT. These results are promising in terms of AuNC application in cancer theranostics and CRT use as surface biomarker in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Subramaniyam Ramesh
- Research Department of Nanotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
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Zamanian M, Qader Hamadneh LA, Veerakumarasivam A, Abdul Rahman S, Shohaimi S, Rosli R. Calreticulin mediates an invasive breast cancer phenotype through the transcriptional dysregulation of p53 and MAPK pathways. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:56. [PMID: 27418879 PMCID: PMC4944499 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of effective novel biomarkers of invasion and metastasis is integral for the advancement of breast cancer management. The present study focused on the identification and evaluation of calreticulin (CRT) as a potential biomarker for breast cancer invasion. METHODS Two-dimensional gel protein electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF were utilized in the analysis of fresh-frozen invasive intra-ductal carcinoma specimens. Calreticulin-associated expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry of FFPE non-malignant/malignant breast specimens. A CRT-knockdown model of MCF7 cell line was developed using siRNA and the CRT genotype/phenotype correlations based on migration and trans-well invasion assays were determined. Finally, microarray-based global gene expression profiling was conducted to elucidate the possible calreticulin pro-invasive regulatory pathways. RESULTS Two-dimensional gel protein electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF analysis showed upregulation of calreticulin expression in tumor tissues as compared to the normal adjacent tissues. Meta-analysis of the immunohistochemical results confirmed significantly higher expression of calreticulin (p < 0.05) in the stromal compartments of malignant tissues as compared to non-malignant tissues. Migration and transwell invasion assays showed significant loss in the migratory and invasive potential of CRT-knockdown cells (p < 0.05). Global gene expression profiling successfully identified various putative gene networks such as p53 and MAPK pathways that are involved in calreticulin breast cancer signaling. CONCLUSION Besides confirming calreticulin overexpression in invasive breast cancer tissues, this study reveals a calreticulin-dependent pro-invasive potential and suggests possible contributing pathways. Defining the mechanistic role of invasion and characterizing the possible calreticulin-dependent molecular targets will be the focus of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Zamanian
- />Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- />Medical Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Lama Abdel Qader Hamadneh
- />Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733 Jordan
| | - Abhi Veerakumarasivam
- />Medical Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- />Perdana University Graduate School of Medicine, Perdana University, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Sabariah Abdul Rahman
- />Cluster of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selayang Campus, 68100 Batu Caves, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Shamarina Shohaimi
- />Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- />Medical Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
- />UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Mankame T, Hokanson R, Chowdhary R, Busbee D. Altered gene expression in human cells induced by the agricultural chemical Enable. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 20:89-102. [PMID: 15942997 DOI: 10.1191/0748233704th198oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones bind to highly specific nuclear receptors, regulating gene expression that results in normal fetal growth and development and/or in normal adult physiological function. Many industrial and agricultural chemicals may bind one or more nuclear receptors, acting as mimics of steroid hormones, and are called endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDC) because they alter the expression of endocrine-regulated genes. A widely used fungicide, Enable (fenbuconazole), was evaluated to examine its capacity to alter endocrine-regulated gene expression. Cells of an oestrogen-dependent human breast cancer-derived line, MCF-7, were treated with a range, 0.033-3.3 ppb (ng/mL), of Enable, and gene expression was compared to that of untreated cells. Microarray analysis using a chip with 600 gene spots showed downregulation of eight genes and upregulation of 34 genes in cells treated with 3.3 ppb of Enable, compared to untreated cells. Specific genes were selected for consideration. Real-time PCR confirmed results obtained from analysis of the microarray data for the genes phenol sulphotransferase (PST), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), transforming growth factor b-3 (TGF b-3) and calreticulin. These studies were designed to provide base-line data on the gene expression-altering capacity of a specific chemical at a low dose, and will allow assessment of the possible deleterious effects that may be caused in human cells by exposure to the agricultural chemical Enable.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mankame
- Department of Anatomy and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, USA
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Song YF, Huang C, Shi X, Pan YX, Liu X, Luo Z. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and dysregulation of calcium homeostasis mediate Cu-induced alteration in hepatic lipid metabolism of javelin goby Synechogobius hasta. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 175:20-29. [PMID: 26991751 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Cu exposure on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Ca(2+) homeostasis, and also explore the underlying mechanism of the ER stress and Ca(2+) homeostasis in the Cu-induced change of hepatic lipid metabolism in javelin goby Synechogobius hasta. To this end, four experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, the full-length cDNA sequences of two ER molecular chaperones [glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and calreticulin (CRT)] and three ER stress sensors [PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol requiring enzyme (IRE)-1α, and activating transcription factor (ATF)-6α] cDNAs were firstly characterized from S. hasta. The predicted amino acid sequences for the S. hasta GRP78, CRT, PERK, IRE-1α and ATF-6α revealed that the proteins contained all of the structural features characteristic in other species. mRNAs of the five genes were expressed in various tissues, but their mRNA levels varied among tissues. In experiment 2, S. hasta were exposed to four waterborne Cu concentrations (control, 19μg/l, 38μg/l, and 57μg/l, respectively) for 60days. Cu exposure evoked ER stress in liver of S. hasta in a time- and concentration-course change. In experiment 3, specific inhibitors, 2-aminoethyldiphenyl borate (2-APB) and dantrolene, were used to explore whether Ca(2+) release from ER was involved in the Cu-induced ER stress change. Dantrolene and 2-APB prevented Cu-induced intracellular Ca(2+) elevation, which demonstrated the release of Ca(2+) from the ER was mediated by both RyR and IP3R. In experiment 4, a chemical chaperone, 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA), was used to demonstrate whether Cu-induced alteration in lipid metabolism was suppressed through the attenuation of ER stress. Cu exposure evoked ER stress and sterol-regulator element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) activation in hepatocytes of S. hasta, resulting in dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. 4-PBA attenuated the Cu-induced elevation of mRNA expression of ER stress-related genes. For the first time, our study cloned GRP78, CRT, PERK, IRE-1α and ATF-6α genes in S. hasta and demonstrated their differential expression among tissues. Moreover, the study demonstrated the molecular mechanism by which ER stress might underlie the change of lipid metabolism induced by Cu in S. hasta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ya-Xiong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Postgraduate Research Base, Panjin Guanghe Fishery Co. Ltd., Panjin 124200, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde 415000, China.
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Han J, Kaufman RJ. The role of ER stress in lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1329-38. [PMID: 27146479 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r067595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle important for regulating calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, protein synthesis, and posttranslational modification and trafficking. Numerous environmental, physiological, and pathological insults disturb ER homeostasis, referred to as ER stress, in which a collection of conserved intracellular signaling pathways, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), are activated to maintain ER function for cell survival. However, excessive and/or prolonged UPR activation leads to initiation of self-destruction through apoptosis. Excessive accumulation of lipids and their intermediate products causes metabolic abnormalities and cell death, called lipotoxicity, in peripheral organs, including the pancreatic islets, liver, muscle, and heart. Because accumulating evidence links chronic ER stress and defects in UPR signaling to lipotoxicity in peripheral tissues, understanding the role of ER stress in cell physiology is a topic under intense investigation. In this review, we highlight recent findings that link ER stress and UPR signaling to the pathogenesis of peripheral organs due to lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseok Han
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Choongchungnam-do, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307
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LaPensee CR, Mann JE, Rainey WE, Crudo V, Hunt SW, Hammer GD. ATR-101, a Selective and Potent Inhibitor of Acyl-CoA Acyltransferase 1, Induces Apoptosis in H295R Adrenocortical Cells and in the Adrenal Cortex of Dogs. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1775-88. [PMID: 26986192 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ATR-101 is a novel, oral drug candidate currently in development for the treatment of adrenocortical cancer. ATR-101 is a selective and potent inhibitor of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol O-acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), an enzyme located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane that catalyzes esterification of intracellular free cholesterol (FC). We aimed to identify mechanisms by which ATR-101 induces adrenocortical cell death. In H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells, ATR-101 decreases the formation of cholesteryl esters and increases FC levels, demonstrating potent inhibition of ACAT1 activity. Caspase-3/7 levels and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nick end labeled-positive cells are increased by ATR-101 treatment, indicating activation of apoptosis. Exogenous cholesterol markedly potentiates the activity of ATR-101, suggesting that excess FC that cannot be adequately esterified increases caspase-3/7 activation and subsequent cell death. Inhibition of calcium release from the ER or the subsequent uptake of calcium by mitochondria reverses apoptosis induced by ATR-101. ATR-101 also activates multiple components of the unfolded protein response, an indicator of ER stress. Targeted knockdown of ACAT1 in an adrenocortical cell line mimicked the effects of ATR-101, suggesting that ACAT1 mediates the cytotoxic effects of ATR-101. Finally, in vivo treatment of dogs with ATR-101 decreased adrenocortical steroid production and induced cellular apoptosis that was restricted to the adrenal cortex. Together, these studies demonstrate that inhibition of ACAT1 by ATR-101 increases FC, resulting in dysregulation of ER calcium stores that result in ER stress, the unfolded protein response, and ultimately apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R LaPensee
- Departments of Internal Medicine (C.R.L., G.D.H.), Pathology (J.E.M.), and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.E.R., V.C.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Atterocor, Inc (S.W.H.), Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104
| | - Jacqueline E Mann
- Departments of Internal Medicine (C.R.L., G.D.H.), Pathology (J.E.M.), and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.E.R., V.C.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Atterocor, Inc (S.W.H.), Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104
| | - William E Rainey
- Departments of Internal Medicine (C.R.L., G.D.H.), Pathology (J.E.M.), and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.E.R., V.C.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Atterocor, Inc (S.W.H.), Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104
| | - Valentina Crudo
- Departments of Internal Medicine (C.R.L., G.D.H.), Pathology (J.E.M.), and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.E.R., V.C.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Atterocor, Inc (S.W.H.), Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104
| | - Stephen W Hunt
- Departments of Internal Medicine (C.R.L., G.D.H.), Pathology (J.E.M.), and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.E.R., V.C.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Atterocor, Inc (S.W.H.), Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104
| | - Gary D Hammer
- Departments of Internal Medicine (C.R.L., G.D.H.), Pathology (J.E.M.), and Molecular and Integrative Physiology (W.E.R., V.C.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Atterocor, Inc (S.W.H.), Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104
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Rapamycin Attenuates Mouse Liver Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Transplant Proc 2016; 47:1646-52. [PMID: 26293028 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in liver ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) have been well recognized. However, the impact of rapamycin (Rapa), a broadly used immunosuppressive agent in human liver transplantation, on ER stress during IRI remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the roles of Rapa in the regulation of ER stress in vivo and in vitro. In a mouse liver partial warm ischemia and reperfusion mode, we demonstrated that Rapa markedly protected livers from IRI, as evidenced by serum alanine aminotransferase (sALT) levels and liver histology. Then we also confirmed the protection of Rapa from thapsigargin (Tg)-induced cell death in primary hepatocytes. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the ER stress markers were markedly up-regulated by IRI and Tg treatment, whereas they were down-regulated by Rapa pretreatment, as monitored by Western blot at the protein levels and by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. In addition, it was also revealed that Rapa was able to remarkably inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and enhance autophagy both in IR-stressed livers and Tg-treated primary hepatocytes. Thus, these results suggest that Rapa protects livers from IRI through inhibiting the ER stress pathway.
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116
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Ethanol-Induced Alterations in Purkinje Neuron Dendrites in Adult and Aging Rats: a Review. THE CEREBELLUM 2016; 14:466-73. [PMID: 25648753 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-014-0636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Uncomplicated alcoholics suffer from discrete motor dysfunctions that become more pronounced with age. These deficits involve the structure and function of Purkinje neurons (PN), the sole output neurons from the cerebellar cortex. This review focuses on alterations to the PN dendritic arbor in the adult and aging Fischer 344 rat following lengthy alcohol consumption. It describes seminal studies using the Golgi-Cox method which proposed a model for ethanol-induced dendritic regression. Subsequent ultrastructural studies of PN dendrites showed dilation of the extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) which preceded and accompanied dendritic regression. The component of the SER that was most affected by ethanol was the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase pump (SERCA) responsible for resequestration of calcium into the SER. Ethanol-induced decreases in SERCA pump levels, similar to the finding of SER dilation, preceded and occurred concomitantly with dendritic regression. Discrete ethanol-induced deficits in balance also accompanied these decreases. Ethanol-induced ER stress within the SER of PN dendrites was proposed as an underlying cause of dendritic regression. It was recently shown that increased activation of caspase 12, inherent to the ER, occurred in PN of acute slices in ethanol-fed rats and was most pronounced following 40 weeks of ethanol treatment. These findings shed new light into alcohol-induced disruption in PN dendrites providing a new model for the discrete but critical changes in motor function in aging, adult alcoholics.
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117
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Zheng K, Liao C, Li Y, Fan X, Fan L, Xu H, Kang Q, Zeng Y, Wu X, Wu H, Liu L, Xiao X, Zhang J, Wang Y, He Z. Gypenoside L, Isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Induces Cytoplasmic Vacuolation Death in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through Reactive-Oxygen-Species-Mediated Unfolded Protein Response. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1702-1711. [PMID: 26870999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Exploring novel anticancer agents that can trigger non-apoptotic or non-autophagic cell death is urgent for cancer treatment. In this study, we screened and identified an unexplored anticancer activity of gypenoside L (Gyp-L) isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. We showed that treatment with Gyp-L induces non-apoptotic and non-autophagic cytoplasmic vacuolation death in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Mechanically, Gyp-L initially increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which, in turn, triggered protein ubiquitination and unfolded protein response (UPR), resulting in Ca(2+) release from endoplasm reticulum (ER) inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-operated stores and finally cytoplasmic vacuolation and cell death. Interruption of the ROS-ER-Ca(2+) signaling pathway by chemical inhibitors significantly prevented Gyp-L-induced vacuole formation and cell death. In addition, Gyp-L-induced ER stress and vacuolation death required new protein synthesis. Overall, our works provide strong evidence for the anti-HCC activity of Gyp-L and suggest a novel therapeutic option by Gyp-L through the induction of a unconventional ROS-ER-Ca(2+)-mediated cytoplasmic vacuolation death in human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yan Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming, Yunnan 650032, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Yong Zeng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming, Yunnan 650032, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yifei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
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118
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Ophiopogonin D maintains Ca2+ homeostasis in rat cardiomyocytes in vitro by upregulating CYP2J3/EETs and suppressing ER stress. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:368-81. [PMID: 26838069 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM CYP2J3 in myocardium metabolizes arachidonic acid to 4 regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which have diverse biological activities in rat heart. In this study we examined whether CYP2J3 was involved in cardioprotective effects of ophiopogonin D (OPD), a steroidal glycoside isolated from Chinese herb Radix ophiopogonis. METHODS Rat cardiomyoblast cell line (H9c2 cells) was tested. Intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)]i) were measured using Fluo-4/AM. The expression of calcium-regulating molecules and ER stress signaling molecules was measured with qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Cell apoptosis was quantified with Hoechst 33258 staining and TUNEL assay. The level of 14,15-DHET, a stable metabolite of 14,15-EET, was assessed with ELISA. RESULTS Angiotensin II (10(-6) mol/L) significantly decreased the expression of calcium-regulating molecules (SERCA2a, PLB, RyR2 and FKBP12.6), and elevated [Ca(2+)]i in H9c2 cells. Furthermore, angiotensin II markedly increased the expression of ER stress signaling molecules (GRP78, CHOP, p-JNK and cleaved caspase-12) and ER stress-mediated apoptosis. OPD (100, 250 and 500 nmol/L) dose-dependently increased CYP2J3 expression and 14,15-DHET levels in normal H9c2 cells. Pretreatment of H9c2 cells with OPD suppressed angiotensin II-induced abnormalities in Ca(2+) homeostasis, ER stress responses and apoptosis. Overexpression of CYP2J3 or addition of exogenous 14,15-EET also prevented angiotensin II-induced abnormalities in Ca(2+) homeostasis, whereas transfection with CYP2J3 siRNA diminished the effects of OPD on Ca(2+) homeostasis. Furthermore, the intracellular Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA suppressed angiotensin II-induced ER stress responses and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. CONCLUSION OPD is a novel CYP2J3 inducer that may offer a therapeutic benefit in treatment of cardiovascular diseases related to disturbance of Ca(2+) homeostasis and ER stress.
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Cassel R, Ducreux S, Alam MR, Dingreville F, Berlé C, Burda-Jacob K, Chauvin MA, Chikh K, Païta L, Al-Mawla R, Crola Da Silva C, Rieusset J, Thivolet C, Van Coppenolle F, Madec AM. Protection of Human Pancreatic Islets from Lipotoxicity by Modulation of the Translocon. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148686. [PMID: 26862742 PMCID: PMC4749224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Elevated free fatty acids (FFAs) may impair beta cell function and mass (lipotoxicity). Altered calcium homeostasis may be involved in defective insulin release. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major intracellular calcium store. Lipotoxicity induces ER stress and in parallel an ER calcium depletion through unknown ER calcium leak channels. The main purposes of this study is first to identify one of these channels and secondly, to check the opportunity to restore beta cells function (i.e., insulin secretion) after pharmacological inhibition of ER calcium store depletion. We investigated the functionality of translocon, an ER calcium leak channel and its involvement on FFAs-induced alterations in MIN6B1 cells and in human pancreatic islets. We evidenced that translocon acts as a functional ER calcium leak channel in human beta cells using anisomycin and puromycin (antibiotics), respectively blocker and opener of this channel. Puromycin induced a significant ER calcium release, inhibited by anisomycin pretreatment. Palmitate treatment was used as FFA model to induce a mild lipotoxic effect: ER calcium content was reduced, ER stress but not apoptosis were induced and glucose induced insulin secretion was decreased in our beta cells. Interestingly, translocon inhibition by chronic anisomycin treatment prevented dysfunctions induced by palmitate, avoiding reticular calcium depletion, ER stress and restoring insulin secretion. Our results provide for the first time compelling evidence that translocon actively participates to the palmitate-induced ER calcium leak and insulin secretion decrease in beta cells. Its inhibition reduces these lipotoxic effects. Taken together, our data indicate that TLC may be a new potential target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Cassel
- Inserm UMR-U1060 CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, INRA U1235, INSA-Lyon, Facultés de médecine Charles Mérieux Lyon-Sud, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - S. Ducreux
- Inserm UMR-U1060 CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, INRA U1235, INSA-Lyon, Facultés de médecine Rockefeller, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - M. R. Alam
- Inserm UMR-U1060 CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, INRA U1235, INSA-Lyon, Facultés de médecine Rockefeller, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - F. Dingreville
- Inserm UMR-U1060 CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, INRA U1235, INSA-Lyon, Facultés de médecine Charles Mérieux Lyon-Sud, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - C. Berlé
- Inserm UMR-U1060 CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, INRA U1235, INSA-Lyon, Facultés de médecine Charles Mérieux Lyon-Sud, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - K. Burda-Jacob
- Inserm UMR-U1060 CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, INRA U1235, INSA-Lyon, Facultés de médecine Charles Mérieux Lyon-Sud, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - M. A. Chauvin
- Inserm UMR-U1060 CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, INRA U1235, INSA-Lyon, Facultés de médecine Charles Mérieux Lyon-Sud, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - K. Chikh
- Inserm UMR-U1060 CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, INRA U1235, INSA-Lyon, Facultés de médecine Charles Mérieux Lyon-Sud, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - L. Païta
- Inserm UMR-U1060 CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, INRA U1235, INSA-Lyon, Facultés de médecine Rockefeller, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - R. Al-Mawla
- Inserm UMR-U1060 CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, INRA U1235, INSA-Lyon, Facultés de médecine Rockefeller, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - C. Crola Da Silva
- Inserm UMR-U1060 CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, INRA U1235, INSA-Lyon, Facultés de médecine Rockefeller, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - J. Rieusset
- Inserm UMR-U1060 CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, INRA U1235, INSA-Lyon, Facultés de médecine Charles Mérieux Lyon-Sud, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - C. Thivolet
- Inserm UMR-U1060 CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, INRA U1235, INSA-Lyon, Facultés de médecine Charles Mérieux Lyon-Sud, F-69003 Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon-Sud, Service d’Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, F-69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - F. Van Coppenolle
- Inserm UMR-U1060 CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, INRA U1235, INSA-Lyon, Facultés de médecine Rockefeller, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - A. M. Madec
- Inserm UMR-U1060 CarMeN Laboratory, University Lyon 1, INRA U1235, INSA-Lyon, Facultés de médecine Charles Mérieux Lyon-Sud, F-69003 Lyon, France
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Song YF, Luo Z, Zhang LH, Hogstrand C, Pan YX. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and disturbed calcium homeostasis are involved in copper-induced alteration in hepatic lipid metabolism in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:2443-2453. [PMID: 26615493 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Cu exposure on ER stress and Ca(2+) homeostasis, and explore the underlying mechanism of the ER stress and disturbed Ca(2+) homeostasis in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. To this end, three experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, P. fulvidraco were exposed to three waterborne Cu concentrations for 56 days. Waterborne Cu exposure evoked ER stress and SREBP-1c activation and resulted in dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism in liver of P. fulvidraco in a time-dependent manner. In experiment 2, specific inhibitors 2-APB (IP3 receptor inhibitor) and dantrolene (RyR receptor inhibitor) were used to explore whether Ca(2+) release from ER was involved in the Cu-induced ER stress change. Dantrolene and 2-APB prevented Cu-induced intracellular Ca(2+) elevation, demonstrating that the release of Ca(2+) from the ER, mediated by both RyR and IP3R, contributed to dysregulation of lipid metabolism. In experiment 3, a chemical chaperone (PBA) was used to demonstrate whether Cu-induced alteration in lipid metabolism was suppressed through the attenuation of ER stress. PBA attenuated the Cu-induced elevation of mRNA expression of SREBP-1c, SCAP, ACC, FAS, GRP78/BiP, GRP94, CRT, eIF2α and XBP-1, and alleviated the Cu-induced downregulation of Insig-1. Based on these observations, these results reveal a link between ER stress and the change of lipid metabolism induced by Cu, which will help to understand the Cu-induced toxicity on cellular and molecular level, and provide some novel insights into the regulation of lipid metabolism in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; China and Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; China and Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Li-Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; China and Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Ya-Xiong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; China and Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
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Guo H, Chen L, Cui H, Peng X, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Wang X, Wu B. Research Advances on Pathways of Nickel-Induced Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:E10. [PMID: 26703593 PMCID: PMC4730257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of nickel (Ni) are harmful to humans and animals. Ni targets a number of organs and produces multiple toxic effects. Apoptosis is important in Ni-induced toxicity of the kidneys, liver, nerves, and immune system. Apoptotic pathways mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Fas, and c-Myc participate in Ni-induced cell apoptosis. However, the exact mechanism of apoptosis caused by Ni is still unclear. Understanding the mechanism of Ni-induced apoptosis may help in designing measures to prevent Ni toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Lian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Hengmin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Xi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Bangyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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Okudera M, Gojoubori T, Tsujino I, Asano M. Effect of ionomycin on interaction of calnexin with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein is cell type-specific. J Oral Sci 2015; 57:305-12. [PMID: 26666853 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.57.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore that induces release of calcium ions (Ca(2+)) from cellular storage to cytoplasm and Ca(2+) influx from the outside of the cell. We investigated the effect of ionomycin on endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi transport in the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) system. Ionomycin inhibited transport of VSV-G in a concentration-dependent manner in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and HeLa cells. Half-maximum inhibition was observed at 5 μM. The inhibitory effect of ionomycin was not dependent on the cytoplasmic portion. Chelation of Ca(2+) in culture medium did not affect transport efficiency, but co-incubation with ionomycin completely shut off transport. These findings highlight the importance of Ca(2+) release from cellular storage. Because the inhibitory effect of ionomycin was expected to be dependent on mutual interaction of VSV-G and the ER chaperone calnexin, we further investigated interaction kinetics. In HeLa cells but not BHK cells the interaction of VSV-G and calnexin was prolonged in the presence of ionomycin. Taken together, the present results indicate that, by releasing Ca(2+) from cellular storage, ionomycin inhibits ER-Golgi transport by interfering with the release of VSV-G from calnexin in HeLa cells. A mechanism of cell type-dependent ER-Golgi transport regulation was revealed.
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Wang G, Li Z, Tian H, Wu W, Liu C. Modification of sPD1 with CRT induces potent anti-tumor immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 76:57-64. [PMID: 26653551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As a key factor for tumor occurrence and development, tumor cells escape immune surveillance and inhibit the body immune killer effect through negative signaling pathways. In this research, we designed and expressed the fusion protein CRT-sPD1 to block PD1/PDL1 negative signal pathway, indirectly bind CRT to the tumor cell surface and to increase the cell immunogenicity activity. Results from western blotting, flow cytometry (FCM) and ELISA showed that the cell lines that stably express CRT, PD1 and CRT-sPD1 protein were obtained and the transfected cellular supernatant contained PD1 and CRT-sPD1 could bind to PDL1 on the surface of EL4 cells. Vitro experiments indicated the secreted mCRT-sPD1 protein could bind to PDL1 and enhance lymphocyte proliferation and CTL activity. We also found that fusion protein CRT-sPD1 could activate and induce the immune system to kill the tumor cells, specifically inhibit the tumor growth and prolong the survival period in mouse tumor model. And all these suggested that CRT-sPD1 could be used as drug development and utilization of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongze Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Huiqun Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Chaoqi Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
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RECEPTORES NUCLEARES: DEL NÚCLEO AL CITOPLASMA. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recqb.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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125
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Wu B, Guo H, Cui H, Peng X, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Wang X, Huang J. Pathway underlying small intestine apoptosis by dietary nickel chloride in broiler chickens. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 243:91-106. [PMID: 26585591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the pathways which dietary nickel chloride (NiCl2) affects small intestine apoptosis in broiler chickens by observing the ultrastructure, and bcl-2, bax, and caspase-3 protein expression and mRNA expression, and cytochrome C, bak and caspase-9 mRNA expression of the small intestine. A total of 240 one-day-old avian broilers were divided into four groups and fed a corn-soybean basal diet as the control diet or three experimental diets supplemented with 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg of NiCl2 for 42 days. Ultrastructurally, the microvilli were apparently exfoliated, and the mitochondria were swollen and the number of lysosomes increased in the intestinal cells of three experimental groups. As measured by TUNEL and flow cytometry (FCM), the percentage of apoptotic cells in the small intestine and the lymphocytes in the ileum were significantly increased in three experimental groups when compared with those of the control group. Meanwhile, immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) tests showed that the protein expression, mRNA expression levels were decreased in the bcl-2, whereas those of bax and caspase-3, and the cytochrome C, bak and caspase-9 mRNA expression levels were increased in three experimental groups. The abovementioned results show that pathway of dietary NiCl2-induced small intestine apoptosis is related to the mitochondrial damage and promotion of the cytochrome C release from mitochondria, which activates the mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Xi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
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Ca2+ Diffusion through Endoplasmic Reticulum Supports Elevated Intraterminal Ca2+ Levels Needed to Sustain Synaptic Release from Rods in Darkness. J Neurosci 2015; 35:11364-73. [PMID: 26269643 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0754-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED In addition to vesicle release at synaptic ribbons, rod photoreceptors are capable of substantial slow release at non-ribbon release sites triggered by Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR) from intracellular stores. To maintain CICR as rods remain depolarized in darkness, we hypothesized that Ca(2+) released into the cytoplasm from terminal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be replenished continuously by ions diffusing within the ER from the soma. We measured [Ca(2+)] changes in cytoplasm and ER of rods from Ambystoma tigrinum retina using various dyes. ER [Ca(2+)] changes were measured by loading ER with fluo-5N and then washing dye from the cytoplasm with a dye-free patch pipette solution. Small dye molecules diffused within ER between soma and terminal showing a single continuous ER compartment. Depolarization of rods to -40 mV depleted Ca(2+) from terminal ER, followed by a decline in somatic ER [Ca(2+)]. Local activation of ryanodine receptors in terminals with a spatially confined puff of ryanodine caused a decline in terminal ER [Ca(2+)], followed by a secondary decrease in somatic ER. Localized photolytic uncaging of Ca(2+) from o-nitrophenyl-EGTA in somatic ER caused an abrupt Ca(2+) increase in somatic ER, followed by a slower Ca(2+) increase in terminal ER. These data suggest that, during maintained depolarization, a soma-to-terminal [Ca(2+)] gradient develops within the ER that promotes diffusion of Ca(2+) ions to resupply intraterminal ER Ca(2+) stores and thus sustain CICR-mediated synaptic release. The ability of Ca(2+) to move freely through the ER may also promote bidirectional communication of Ca(2+) changes between soma and terminal. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Vertebrate rod and cone photoreceptors both release vesicles at synaptic ribbons, but rods also exhibit substantial slow release at non-ribbon sites triggered by Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR). Blocking CICR inhibits >50% of release from rods in darkness. How do rods maintain sufficiently high [Ca(2+)] in terminal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to support sustained CICR-driven synaptic transmission? We show that maintained depolarization creates a [Ca(2+)] gradient within the rod ER lumen that promotes soma-to-terminal diffusion of Ca(2+) to replenish intraterminal ER stores. This mechanism allows CICR-triggered synaptic release to be sustained indefinitely while rods remain depolarized in darkness. Free diffusion of Ca(2+) within the ER may also communicate synaptic Ca(2+) changes back to the soma to influence other critical cell processes.
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Henderson MJ, Baldwin HA, Werley CA, Boccardo S, Whitaker LR, Yan X, Holt GT, Schreiter ER, Looger LL, Cohen AE, Kim DS, Harvey BK. A Low Affinity GCaMP3 Variant (GCaMPer) for Imaging the Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Store. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139273. [PMID: 26451944 PMCID: PMC4599735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis is critical for cellular functions and is disrupted in diverse pathologies including neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease. Owing to the high concentration of calcium within the ER, studying this subcellular compartment requires tools that are optimized for these conditions. To develop a single-fluorophore genetically encoded calcium indicator for this organelle, we targeted a low affinity variant of GCaMP3 to the ER lumen (GCaMPer (10.19)). A set of viral vectors was constructed to express GCaMPer in human neuroblastoma cells, rat primary cortical neurons, and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. We observed dynamic changes in GCaMPer (10.19) fluorescence in response to pharmacologic manipulations of the ER calcium store. Additionally, periodic calcium efflux from the ER was observed during spontaneous beating of cardiomyocytes. GCaMPer (10.19) has utility in imaging ER calcium in living cells and providing insight into luminal calcium dynamics under physiologic and pathologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Henderson
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MJH); (BKH)
| | - Heather A. Baldwin
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Werley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America
| | - Stefano Boccardo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America
| | - Leslie R. Whitaker
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, United States of America
| | - Xiaokang Yan
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, United States of America
| | - Graham T. Holt
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia, 20147, United States of America
| | - Eric R. Schreiter
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia, 20147, United States of America
| | - Loren L. Looger
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia, 20147, United States of America
| | - Adam E. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America
| | - Douglas S. Kim
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia, 20147, United States of America
| | - Brandon K. Harvey
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MJH); (BKH)
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Lv J, Wang Y, Zhang D, Gao B, Liu P, Li J. Cloning and characterization of calreticulin and its association with salinity stress in P. trituberculatus. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:811-20. [PMID: 25995067 PMCID: PMC4529862 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is a highly conserved and multifunctional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein and plays important roles in salinity stress response. Portunus trituberculatus is a commercially important fishery species, and water salinity conditions influence its commercial farming significantly. In order to research the function of calreticulin under salinity stress, the full-length cDNA sequence of calreticulin from P. trituberculatus (PtCRT) was firstly cloned and characterized. The complete cDNA sequence of PtCRT is 1676 bp with 1218 bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding a polypeptide of 405 amino acids. Multiple sequence alignments showed that the deduced acid amino sequences of PtCRT shared the highest homology to CRT of Fenneropenaeus chinensis (89%). Fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that PtCRT was expressed in all detected tissues and showed the highest expression level in hepatopancreas. In addition, salinity challenge significantly influenced the expression level of PtCRT in gill. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in cDNA sequence of PtCRT, and one SNP was associated with the salt tolerant trait. All results indicated that PtCRT plays an important role in mediating the salinity adaption of P. trituberculatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Lv
- />Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Wang
- />Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China
- />College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306 Shanghai, China
| | - Dening Zhang
- />Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China
- />College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, 201306 Shanghai, China
| | - Baoquan Gao
- />Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Liu
- />Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Li
- />Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China
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Antonny B, Vanni S, Shindou H, Ferreira T. From zero to six double bonds: phospholipid unsaturation and organelle function. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:427-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Kikuchi H, Kuribayashi F, Mimuro H, Imajoh-Ohmi S, Nakayama M, Takami Y, Nishitoh H, Nakayama T. Lack of GCN5 remarkably enhances the resistance against prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis through up-regulation of Bcl-2 gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:870-5. [PMID: 26086109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a complex membrane structure, has important roles in all eukaryotic cells. Catastrophe of its functions would lead to ER stress that causes various diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and so on. Prolonged ER stress could trigger apoptosis via activation of various signal transduction pathways. To investigate physiological roles of histone acetyltransferase GCN5 in regulation of ER stress, we analyzed responses of homozygous GCN5-deficient DT40 mutants, ΔGCN5, against ER stress. GCN5-deficiency in DT40 caused drastic resistance against apoptosis induced by pharmacological ER stress agents (thapsigargin and tunicamycin). Pharmaceutical analysis using specific Bcl-2 inhibitors showed that the drastic resistance against prolonged ER stress-induced apoptosis is, in part, due to up-regulation of Bcl-2 gene expression in ΔGCN5. These data revealed that GCN5 is involved in regulation of prolonged ER stress-induced apoptosis through controlling Bcl-2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Kikuchi
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan; Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Futoshi Kuribayashi
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, 577, Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hitomi Mimuro
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shinobu Imajoh-Ohmi
- Laboratory Center for Proteomics Research, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masami Nakayama
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Yasunari Takami
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Hideki Nishitoh
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nakayama
- Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200, Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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Yoon MJ, Lee AR, Jeong SA, Kim YS, Kim JY, Kwon YJ, Choi KS. Release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum and its subsequent influx into mitochondria trigger celastrol-induced paraptosis in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6816-31. [PMID: 25149175 PMCID: PMC4196165 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Celastrol, a triterpene extracted from the Chinese “Thunder of God Vine”, is known to have anticancer activity, but its underlying mechanism is not completely understood. In this study, we show that celastrol kills several breast and colon cancer cell lines by induction of paraptosis, a cell death mode characterized by extensive vacuolization that arises via dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Celastrol treatment markedly increased mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and induced ER stress via proteasome inhibition in these cells. Both MCU (mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter) knockdown and pretreatment with ruthenium red, an inhibitor of MCU, inhibited celastrol-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, dilation of mitochondria/ER, accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins, and cell death in MDA-MB 435S cells. Inhibition of the IP3 receptor (IP3R) with 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) also effectively blocked celastrol-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation and subsequent paraptotic events. Collectively, our results show that the IP3R-mediated release of Ca2+ from the ER and its subsequent MCU-mediated influx into mitochondria critically contribute to celastrol-induced paraptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon , Korea. These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - A Reum Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon , Korea. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Soo Ah Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon , Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon , Korea
| | - Jin Yeop Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon , Korea. Discovery Biology Group, Institut Pasteur Korea, Sampyeong-dong 696, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do , South Korea.
| | - Yong-Jun Kwon
- Discovery Biology Group, Institut Pasteur Korea, Sampyeong-dong 696, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Kyeong Sook Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon , Korea
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Chen Q, Fang X, Jiang C, Yao N, Fang X. Thrombospondin promoted anti-tumor of adenovirus-mediated calreticulin in breast cancer: Relationship with anti-CD47. Biomed Pharmacother 2015. [PMID: 26211590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calreticulin (CRT) protein has multifaceted role in carcinogenesis, however its role in breast cancer remains unidentified. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the effect of overexpressed CRT on breast cancer cells viability and proliferation. METHODS Levels of mRNA and protein expression for CRT and CD47 in cells were determined by Quantitative RT-PCR analysis and Western blot, respectively. Cells apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin V-FITC assay with flow cytometry. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. Cell migration and autophagy were also evaluated. RESULTS In breast cancer cells of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, both CRT and CD47 expression were enhanced, compared with that in normal breast cells of MCF-10A. Overexpression of CRT by MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with significantly suppressed cell migration, viability as well as promote cell apoptosis while exerted no effected on cell autophagy. Interestingly, combining of thrombospondin (TSP) and overexpression of CRT significantly induced cell autophagy and inhibited tumor growth in MCF-7 cells xenograft. In result of chip assay, we observed that TSP treatment promoted interaction of TSP with CRT and CD47. CONCLUSION TSP promoted anti-tumor of adenovirus-mediated CRT via forming complexes with CRT and CD47 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, 117th Hospital of PLA, No. 14, Road Lingyin, District Xihu, 310013 Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiaoming Fang
- Department of General Surgery, 117th Hospital of PLA, No. 14, Road Lingyin, District Xihu, 310013 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chaohui Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, 117th Hospital of PLA, No. 14, Road Lingyin, District Xihu, 310013 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ning Yao
- Department of General Surgery, 117th Hospital of PLA, No. 14, Road Lingyin, District Xihu, 310013 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xudong Fang
- Department of General Surgery, 117th Hospital of PLA, No. 14, Road Lingyin, District Xihu, 310013 Hangzhou, PR China
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Chen L, Chen H, Yao C, Chang C, Xia H, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Yao Q, Chen K. The toxicity of NaF on BmN cells and a comparative proteomics approach to identify protein expression changes in cells under NaF-stress: impact of NaF on BmN cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 286:624-631. [PMID: 25661258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorides negatively affect the development of organisms and are a threat to human health and environmental safety. In this study, Bombyx mori N cell line (BmN) were used to explore effects of NaF on insect cells. We found that 8h (hrs) culture with high concentration of NaF (≥ 1 mM) induced significantly morphological changes. Dose-response curves of 72 h continuously cultured BmN treated with NaF showed that the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was 56.60 μM. Treatment of BmN with 100 and 300 μM of NaF induced apoptosis and necrosis. 2-D electrophoresis of whole cell extracted from BmN showed that treatment with 300 μM NaF up-regulated 32 proteins and down-regulated 11 proteins when compared with controls. We identified 5 different proteins by MALDI-TOF MS, and 4 of them were identified for the first time, including 2 up-regulated proteins (mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH2 and prohibitin protein WPH) and 2 down-regulated proteins (calreticulin precursor CRT and DNA supercoiling factor SCF). These observations were further confirmed by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Together, our data suggest that these target proteins could be regarded as targets influenced by NaF and also provide clues for studies on the response metabolism pathway under NaF stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Chun Yao
- Department of Stomatology, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Cheng Chang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Hengchuan Xia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Qin Yao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
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134
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Functional roles of calreticulin in cancer biology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:526524. [PMID: 25918716 PMCID: PMC4396016 DOI: 10.1155/2015/526524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin is a highly conserved endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein which participates in various cellular processes. It was first identified as a Ca2+-binding protein in 1974. Accumulated evidences indicate that calreticulin has great impacts for the development of different cancers and the effect of calreticulin on tumor formation and progression may depend on cell types and clinical stages. Cell surface calreticulin is considered as an “eat-me” signal and promotes phagocytic uptake of cancer cells by immune system. Moreover, several reports reveal that manipulation of calreticulin levels profoundly affects cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis as well as differentiation. In addition to immunogenicity and tumorigenesis, interactions between calreticulin and integrins have been described during cell adhesion, which is an essential process for cancer metastasis. Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors which connect extracellular matrix and intracellular cytoskeleton and trigger inside-out or outside-in signaling transduction. More and more evidences reveal that proteins binding to integrins might affect integrin-cytoskeleton interaction and therefore influence ability of cell adhesion. Here, we reviewed the biological roles of calreticulin and summarized the potential mechanisms of calreticulin in regulating mRNA stability and therefore contributed to cancer metastasis.
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135
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Shim DH, Lim JW, Kim H. Differentially expressed proteins in nitric oxide-stimulated NIH/3T3 fibroblasts: implications for inhibiting cancer development. Yonsei Med J 2015; 56:563-71. [PMID: 25684010 PMCID: PMC4329373 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.2.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent evidence shows that nitric oxide (NO) may exhibit both pro-cancer and anti-cancer activities. The present study aimed to determine the differentially expressed proteins in NO-treated NIH/3T3 fibroblasts in order to investigate whether NO induces proteins with pro-cancer or anti-cancer effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cells were treated with 300 μM of an NO donor 3,3-bis-(aminoethyl)-1-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-triazene (NOC-18) for 12 h. The changed protein patterns, which were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis using pH gradients of 4-7, were conclusively identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis of the peptide digests. RESULTS Seventeen differentially expressed proteins were identified in NOC-18-treated cells. Nine proteins [vinculin protein, keratin 19, ubiquitous tropomodulin, F-actin capping protein (α1 subunit), tropomyosin 3, 26S proteasome-associated pad1 homolog, T-complex protein 1 (ε subunit) N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase, and heat shock protein 90] were increased and eight proteins (heat shock protein 70, glucosidase II, lamin B1, calreticulin, nucleophosmin 1, microtubule-associated protein retinitis pigmentosa/end binding family member 1, 150 kD oxygen-regulated protein precursor, and heat shock 70-related protein albino or pale green 2) were decreased by NOC-18 in the cells. Thirteen proteins are related to the suppression of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis while two proteins (heat shock protein 90 and N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase) are related to carcinogenesis. The functions of 150 kD oxygen-regulated protein precursor and T-complex protein 1 (ε subunit) are unknown in relation to carcinogenesis. CONCLUSION Most proteins differentially expressed by NOC-18 are involved in inhibiting cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwi Shim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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136
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Philippe R, Antigny F, Buscaglia P, Norez C, Becq F, Frieden M, Mignen O. SERCA and PMCA pumps contribute to the deregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in human CF epithelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:892-903. [PMID: 25661196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) disease is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene (CF transmembrane conductance regulator). F508 deletion is the most represented mutation, and F508del-CFTR is absent of plasma membrane and accumulates into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) compartment. Using specific Ca2+ genetics cameleon probes, we showed in the human bronchial CF epithelial cell line CFBE that ER Ca2+ concentration was strongly increased compared to non-CF (16HBE) cells, and normalized by the F508del-CFTR corrector agent, VX-809. We also showed that ER F508del-CFTR retention increases SERCA (Sarcoplasmic/Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase) pump activity whereas PMCA (Plasma Membrane Ca2+ ATPase) activities were reduced in these CF cells compared to corrected CF cells (VX-809) and non-CF cells. We are showing for the first time CFTR/SERCA and CFTR/PMCA interactions that are modulated in CF cells and could explain part of Ca2+ homeostasis deregulation due to mislocalization of F508del-CFTR. Using ER or mitochondria genetics Ca2+ probes, we are showing that ER Ca2+ content, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, SERCA and PMCA pump, activities are strongly affected by the localization of F508del-CFTR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réginald Philippe
- NSERM U1078, Université Bretagne Occidentale, 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, 1, Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Paul Buscaglia
- NSERM U1078, Université Bretagne Occidentale, 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Caroline Norez
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transport Ioniques Membranaires, Université Poitiers-CNRS Pole Biologie Santé, 1 rue George Bonnet, 86073 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Becq
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transport Ioniques Membranaires, Université Poitiers-CNRS Pole Biologie Santé, 1 rue George Bonnet, 86073 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Maud Frieden
- Cell Physiology and Metabolism University of Geneva Medical School, 1, Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Mignen
- NSERM U1078, Université Bretagne Occidentale, 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, 29200 Brest, France.
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137
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Ferris SP, Kodali VK, Kaufman RJ. Glycoprotein folding and quality-control mechanisms in protein-folding diseases. Dis Model Mech 2015; 7:331-41. [PMID: 24609034 PMCID: PMC3944493 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.014589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of proteins – from translation to folding to export – encompasses a complex set of events that are exquisitely regulated and scrutinized to ensure the functional quality of the end products. Cells have evolved to capitalize on multiple post-translational modifications in addition to primary structure to indicate the folding status of nascent polypeptides to the chaperones and other proteins that assist in their folding and export. These modifications can also, in the case of irreversibly misfolded candidates, signal the need for dislocation and degradation. The current Review focuses on the glycoprotein quality-control (GQC) system that utilizes protein N-glycosylation and N-glycan trimming to direct nascent glycopolypeptides through the folding, export and dislocation pathways in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A diverse set of pathological conditions rooted in defective as well as over-vigilant ER quality-control systems have been identified, underlining its importance in human health and disease. We describe the GQC pathways and highlight disease and animal models that have been instrumental in clarifying our current understanding of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Ferris
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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138
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Graner MW, Lillehei KO, Katsanis E. Endoplasmic reticulum chaperones and their roles in the immunogenicity of cancer vaccines. Front Oncol 2015; 4:379. [PMID: 25610811 PMCID: PMC4285071 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major site of passage for proteins en route to other organelles, to the cell surface, and to the extracellular space. It is also the transport route for peptides generated in the cytosol by the proteasome into the ER for loading onto major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules for eventual antigen presentation at the cell surface. Chaperones within the ER are critical for many of these processes; however, outside the ER certain of those chaperones may play important and direct roles in immune responses. In some cases, particular ER chaperones have been utilized as vaccines against tumors or infectious disease pathogens when purified from tumor tissue or recombinantly generated and loaded with antigen. In other cases, the cell surface location of ER chaperones has implications for immune responses as well as possible tumor resistance. We have produced heat-shock protein/chaperone protein-based cancer vaccines called “chaperone-rich cell lysate” (CRCL) that are conglomerates of chaperones enriched from solid tumors by an isoelectric focusing technique. These preparations have been effective against numerous murine tumors, as well as in a canine with an advanced lung carcinoma treated with autologous CRCL. We also published extensive proteomic analyses of CRCL prepared from human surgically resected tumor samples. Of note, these preparations contained at least 10 ER chaperones and a number of other residents, along with many other chaperones/heat-shock proteins. Gene ontology and network analyses utilizing these proteins essentially recapitulate the antigen presentation pathways and interconnections. In conjunction with our current knowledge of cell surface/extracellular ER chaperones, these data collectively suggest that a systems-level view may provide insight into the potent immune stimulatory activities of CRCL with an emphasis on the roles of ER components in those processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Kevin O Lillehei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Emmanuel Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ , USA
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139
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Kam TI, Gwon Y, Jung YK. Amyloid beta receptors responsible for neurotoxicity and cellular defects in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4803-13. [PMID: 25151011 PMCID: PMC11113744 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Although a major cause of AD is the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide that induces neuronal loss and cognitive impairments, our understanding of its neurotoxic mechanisms is limited. Recent studies have identified putative Aβ-binding receptors that mediate Aβ neurotoxicity in cells and models of AD. Once Aβ interacts with a receptor, a toxic signal is transduced into neurons, resulting in cellular defects including endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, Aβ can also be internalized into neurons through unidentified Aβ receptors and induces malfunction of subcellular organelles, which explains some part of Aβ neurotoxicity. Understanding the neurotoxic signaling initiated by Aβ-receptor binding and cellular defects provide insight into new therapeutic windows for AD. In the present review, we summarize the findings on Aβ-binding receptors and the neurotoxicity of oligomeric Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-In Kam
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-747 Korea
| | - Youngdae Gwon
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-747 Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Jung
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-747 Korea
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Roubalová R, Dvořák J, Procházková P, Elhottová D, Rossmann P, Škanta F, Bilej M. The effect of dibenzo-p-dioxin- and dibenzofuran-contaminated soil on the earthworm Eisenia andrei. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 193:22-28. [PMID: 24992343 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) belong to the group of persistent organic pollutants, highly toxic environmental pollutants that include hydrophobic compounds with the tendency to bioaccumulate. Earthworms (Eisenia andrei) were exposed to PCDD/Fs-contaminated soil, and changes in their lipophilic structures and the gene expression of their defense molecules were followed. Damage to the intestinal wall and adjacent chloragogenous tissue was observed. Further, the up-regulation of the expression of several genes was detected. On the basis of these results, the mechanism of the impact of PCDD/Fs on earthworms has been proposed. Dioxins that accumulate in the lipophilic structures cause an increase in reactive oxidative species that triggers oxidative stress followed by the gene expression of two molecules that play a role in protection against oxidant toxicity, calreticulin (CRT) and Hsp70. Moreover, the effect of microbial biomass on the expression of coelomic cytolytic factor (CCF), a pattern recognition receptor, was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Roubalová
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Dvořák
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Procházková
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Dana Elhottová
- Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Institute of Soil Biology, Na Sádkách 7, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Rossmann
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - František Škanta
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Bilej
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v. v. i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Praha 4, Czech Republic.
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141
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Johnson JS, Kono T, Tong X, Yamamoto WR, Zarain-Herzberg A, Merrins MJ, Satin LS, Gilon P, Evans-Molina C. Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox protein 1 (Pdx-1) maintains endoplasmic reticulum calcium levels through transcriptional regulation of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2b (SERCA2b) in the islet β cell. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32798-810. [PMID: 25271154 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.575191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx-1) transcription factor is known to play an indispensable role in β cell development and secretory function, recent data also implicate Pdx-1 in the maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) health. The sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase 2b (SERCA2b) pump maintains a steep Ca(2+) gradient between the cytosol and ER lumen. In models of diabetes, our data demonstrated loss of β cell Pdx-1 that occurs in parallel with altered SERCA2b expression, whereas in silico analysis of the SERCA2b promoter revealed multiple putative Pdx-1 binding sites. We hypothesized that Pdx-1 loss under inflammatory and diabetic conditions leads to decreased SERCA2b levels and activity with concomitant alterations in ER health. To test this, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Pdx-1 was performed in INS-1 cells. The results revealed reduced SERCA2b expression and decreased ER Ca(2+), which was measured using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Cotransfection of human Pdx-1 with a reporter fused to the human SERCA2 promoter increased luciferase activity 3- to 4-fold relative to an empty vector control, and direct binding of Pdx-1 to the proximal SERCA2 promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. To determine whether restoration of SERCA2b could rescue ER stress induced by Pdx-1 loss, Pdx1(+/-) mice were fed a high-fat diet. Isolated islets demonstrated an increased spliced-to-total Xbp1 ratio, whereas SERCA2b overexpression reduced the Xbp1 ratio to that of wild-type controls. Together, these results identify SERCA2b as a novel transcriptional target of Pdx-1 and define a role for altered ER Ca(2+) regulation in Pdx-1-deficient states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin Tong
- Cellular and Integrative Physiology and
| | | | - Angel Zarain-Herzberg
- the Departamento de Bioquimica, Facultad de Medicina, National Autonomous University of México, México City, 04510 México
| | - Matthew J Merrins
- the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Leslie S Satin
- the Department of Pharmacology and Brehm Center for Diabetes Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Patrick Gilon
- the Pôle d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1348 Belgium, and
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicine, and Cellular and Integrative Physiology and the Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, the Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
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Yadav S, Gupta S, Selvaraj C, Doharey PK, Verma A, Singh SK, Saxena JK. In silico and in vitro studies on the protein-protein interactions between Brugia malayi immunomodulatory protein calreticulin and human C1q. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106413. [PMID: 25184227 PMCID: PMC4153637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Filarial parasites modulate effective immune response of their host by releasing a variety of immunomodulatory molecules, which help in the long persistence of the parasite within the host. The present study was aimed to characterize an immunomodulatory protein of Brugia malayi and its interaction with the host immune component at the structural and functional level. Our findings showed that Brugia malayi Calreticulin (BmCRT) is responsible for the prevention of classical complement pathway activation via its interaction with the first component C1q of the human host. This was confirmed by inhibition of C1q dependent lysis of immunoglobulin-sensitized Red Blood Cells (S-RBCs). This is possibly the first report which predicts CRT-C1q interaction on the structural content of proteins to explain how BmCRT inhibits this pathway. The molecular docking of BmCRT-C1q complex indicated that C1qB chain (IgG/M and CRP binding sites on C1q) played a major role in the interaction with conserved and non-conserved regions of N and P domain of BmCRT. Out of 37 amino acids of BmCRT involved in the interaction, nine amino acids (Pro(126), Glu(132), His(147), Arg(151), His(153), Met(154), Lys(156), Ala(196) and Lys(212)) are absent in human CRT. Both ELISA and in silico analysis showed the significant role of Ca(+2) in BmCRT-HuC1q complex formation and deactivation of C1r2-C1s2. Molecular dynamics studies of BmCRT-HuC1q complex showed a deviation from ∼ 0.4 nm to ∼ 1.0 nm. CD analyses indicated that BmCRT is composed of 49.6% α helix, 9.6% β sheet and 43.6% random coil. These findings provided valuable information on the architecture and chemistry of BmCRT-C1q interaction and supported the hypothesis that BmCRT binds with huC1q at their targets (IgG/M, CRP) binding sites. This interaction enables the parasite to interfere with the initial stage of host complement activation, which might be helpful in parasites establishment. These results might be utilized for help in blocking the C1q/CRT interaction and preventing parasite infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Yadav
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smita Gupta
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Doharey
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anita Verma
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Saxena
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous Ca2+ signaling mechanism triggered by Ca2+ depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and by a variety of cellular stresses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are often concomitantly produced in response to these stresses, however, the relationship between redox signaling and SOCE is not completely understood. Various cardiovascular, neurological, and immune diseases are associated with alterations in both Ca2+ signaling and ROS production, and thus understanding this relationship has therapeutic implications. RECENT ADVANCES Several reactive cysteine modifications in stromal interaction molecule (STIM) and Orai proteins comprising the core SOCE machinery were recently shown to modulate SOCE in a redox-dependent manner. Moreover, STIM1 and Orai1 expression levels may reciprocally regulate and be affected by responses to oxidative stress. ER proteins involved in oxidative protein folding have gained increased recognition as important sources of ROS, and the recent discovery of their accumulation in contact sites between the ER and mitochondria provides a further link between ROS production and intracellular Ca2+ handling. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future research should aim to establish the complete set of SOCE controlling molecules, to determine their redox-sensitive residues, and to understand how intracellular Ca2+ stores dynamically respond to different types of stress. Mapping the precise nature and functional consequence of key redox-sensitive components of the pre- and post-translational control of SOCE machinery and of proteins regulating ER calcium content will be pivotal in advancing our understanding of the complex cross-talk between redox and Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Nunes
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva , Geneva, Switzerland
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144
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de la Cadena SG, Hernández-Fonseca K, Camacho-Arroyo I, Massieu L. Glucose deprivation induces reticulum stress by the PERK pathway and caspase-7- and calpain-mediated caspase-12 activation. Apoptosis 2014; 19:414-27. [PMID: 24185830 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Glucose is the main energy source in brain and it is critical for correct brain functioning. Type 1 diabetic patients might suffer from severe hypoglycemia if exceeding insulin administration, which can lead to acute brain injury if not opportunely corrected. The mechanisms leading to hypoglycemic brain damage are not completely understood and the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has not been studied. ER stress resulting from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER is counteracted by the unfolded protein response (UPR). When the UPR is sustained, apoptotic death might take place. We have examined UPR activation during glucose deprivation (GD) in hippocampal cultured neurons and its role in the induction of apoptosis. Activation of the PERK pathway of the UPR was observed, as increased phosphorylation of eIF2α and elevated levels of the transcription factor ATF4, occurred 30 min after GD and the levels of the chaperone protein, GRP78 and the transcription factor CHOP, increased after 2 h of GD. In addition, we observed an early activation of caspase-7 and 12 during GD, while caspase-3 activity increased only transiently during glucose reintroduction. Inhibition of caspase-3/7 and the calcium-dependent protease, calpain, significantly decreased caspase-12 activity. The ER stress inhibitor, salubrinal prevented neuronal death and caspase-12 activity. Results suggest that the PERK pathway of the UPR is involved in GD-induced apoptotic neuronal death through the activation of caspase-12, rather than the mitochondrial-dependent caspase pathway. In addition, we show that calpain and caspase-7 are soon activated after GD and mediate caspase-12 activation and neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene García de la Cadena
- División de Neurociencias, Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-253, Mexico, DF, 04510, Mexico
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145
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Kapuy O, Vinod PK, Bánhegyi G. mTOR inhibition increases cell viability via autophagy induction during endoplasmic reticulum stress - An experimental and modeling study. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:704-13. [PMID: 25161878 PMCID: PMC4141208 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) trigger an adaptive ER stress response known as unfolded protein response (UPR). Depending on the severity of ER stress, either autophagy-controlled survival or apoptotic cell death can be induced. The molecular mechanisms by which UPR controls multiple fate decisions have started to emerge. One such molecular mechanism involves a master regulator of cell growth, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which paradoxically is shown to have pro-apoptotic role by mutually interacting with ER stress response. How the interconnections between UPR and mTOR influence the dynamics of autophagy and apoptosis activation is still unclear. Here we make an attempt to explore this problem by using experiments and mathematical modeling. The effect of perturbed mTOR activity in ER stressed cells was studied on autophagy and cell viability by using agents causing mTOR pathway inhibition (such as rapamycin or metyrapone). We observed that mTOR inhibition led to an increase in cell viability and was accompanied by an increase in autophagic activity. It was also shown that autophagy was activated under conditions of severe ER stress but that in the latter phase of stress it was inhibited at the time of apoptosis activation. Our mathematical model shows that both the activation threshold and temporal dynamics of autophagy and apoptosis inducers are sensitive to variation in mTOR activity. These results confirm that autophagy has cytoprotective role and is activated in mutually exclusive manner with respect to ER stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Kapuy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, Budapest H-1094, Hungary
| | - P K Vinod
- Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, Budapest H-1094, Hungary
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146
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Ziomek G, Cheraghi Zanjani P, Arman D, van Breemen C, Esfandiarei M. Calcium regulation in aortic smooth muscle cells during the initial phase of tunicamycin-induced endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum stress. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 735:86-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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147
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Wu W, Wang G, Tan C, Zou X, Wang Y, Liu C. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of calreticulin in human serum. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2014; 32:366-70. [PMID: 24111870 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2013.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is a 46 kDa Ca(2+) binding chaperone protein that is mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum luminal and has various biological functions. It is important to establish a specific and sensitive CRT enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the study of CRT functions. Therefore, we prepared a polyclonal antibody (PAb) in rabbits immunized with a recombinant CRT protein. Based on the PAb and our previously prepared monoclonal antibody (MAb), a highly specific and sensitive ELISA was developed. In the present study, we describe a sandwich ELISA for the determination of CRT protein in human serum. It was found that soluble CRT (sCRT) concentration in serum samples from 49 lung cancer patients was significantly higher than that from 53 healthy individuals (p=0.004). This result demonstrates that sCRT concentration in sera of lung cancer patients is higher than that in sera of healthy individuals. In conclusion, the prepared CRT antibodies and developed ELISA is a potential tool for CRT research and offers an alternative, simple, rapid technique for detecting CRT, especially in large ongoing and future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- 1 Institute of Molecular Biology, Three Gorges University , Yichang, China
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148
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Abstract
In this issue of Blood, Rumi et al and Rotunno et al demonstrate that essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients with calreticulin mutations exhibit lower leukocyte and hemoglobin values, higher platelet counts, and a lower thrombosis risk vs JAK2-mutated ET. Calreticulin-mutated ET appears to be a distinct entity with a more indolent course.
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149
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Le Marrec-Croq F, Bocquet-Garcon A, Vizioli J, Vancamp C, Drago F, Franck J, Wisztorski M, Salzet M, Sautiere PE, Lefebvre C. Calreticulin contributes to C1q-dependent recruitment of microglia in the leech Hirudo medicinalis following a CNS injury. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:644-53. [PMID: 24747831 PMCID: PMC3999160 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The medicinal leech is considered as a complementary and appropriate model to study immune functions in the central nervous system (CNS). In a context in which an injured leech’s CNS can naturally restore normal synaptic connections, the accumulation of microglia (immune cells of the CNS that are exclusively resident in leeches) has been shown to be essential at the lesion to engage the axonal sprouting. HmC1q (Hm for Hirudo medicinalis) possesses chemotactic properties that are important in the microglial cell recruitment by recognizing at least a C1q binding protein (HmC1qBP alias gC1qR). Material/Methods Recombinant forms of C1q were used in affinity purification and in vitro chemotaxis assays. Anti-calreticulin antibodies were used to neutralize C1q-mediated chemotaxis and locate the production of calreticulin in leech CNS. Results A newly characterized leech calreticulin (HmCalR) has been shown to interact with C1q and participate to the HmC1q-dependent microglia accumulation. HmCalR, which has been detected in only some microglial cells, is consequently a second binding protein for HmC1q, allowing the chemoattraction of resident microglia in the nerve repair process. Conclusions These data give new insight into calreticulin/C1q interaction in an immune function of neuroprotection, suggesting another molecular target to use in investigation of microglia reactivity in a model of CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francoise Le Marrec-Croq
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée - EA4550, Université Lille Nord de France, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Annelise Bocquet-Garcon
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée - EA4550, Université Lille Nord de France, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jacopo Vizioli
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée - EA4550, Université Lille Nord de France, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Christelle Vancamp
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée - EA4550, Université Lille Nord de France, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Francesco Drago
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée - EA4550, Université Lille Nord de France, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Julien Franck
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée - EA4550, Université Lille Nord de France, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Maxence Wisztorski
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée - EA4550, Université Lille Nord de France, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Michel Salzet
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée - EA4550, Université Lille Nord de France, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Pierre-Eric Sautiere
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée - EA4550, Université Lille Nord de France, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Christophe Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique Fondamentale et Appliquée - EA4550, Université Lille Nord de France, University of Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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150
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Farrukh MR, Nissar UA, Afnan Q, Rafiq RA, Sharma L, Amin S, Kaiser P, Sharma PR, Tasduq SA. Oxidative stress mediated Ca(2+) release manifests endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to unfolded protein response in UV-B irradiated human skin cells. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 75:24-35. [PMID: 24794973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure of skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, an environmental stressor induces number of adverse biological effects (photodamage), including cancer. The damage induced by UV-irradiation in skin cells is initiated by the photochemical generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and consequent activation of unfolded protein response (UPR). OBJECTIVE To decipher cellular and molecular events responsible for UV-B mediated ER stress and UPR activation in skin cells. METHODS The study was performed on human skin fibroblast (Hs68) and keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells exposed to UV-B radiations in lab conditions. Different parameters of UVB induced cellular and molecular changes were analyzed using Western-blotting, microscopic studies and flow cytometry. RESULTS Our results depicted that UV-B induces an immediate ROS generation that resulted in emptying of ER Ca(2+) stores inducing ER stress and activation of PERK-peIF2α-CHOP pathway. Quenching ROS generation by anti-oxidants prevented Ca(2+) release and subsequent induction of ER stress and UPR activation. UV-B irradiation induced PERK dependent G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in Hs68 and G1/S phase cell cycle arrest in HaCaT. Also our study reflects that UV-B exposure leads to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of apoptotic cascade as evident by AnnexinV/PI staining, decreased expression of Bcl-2 and increased cleavage of PARP-1 protein. CONCLUSION UV-B induced Ca(2+) deficit within ER lumen was mediated by immediate ROS generation. Insufficient Ca(2+) concentration within ER lumen developed ER stress leading to UPR activation. These changes were reversed by use of anti-oxidants which quench ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufti R Farrukh
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ul A Nissar
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Quadri Afnan
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rather A Rafiq
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Love Sharma
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Shajrul Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Peerzada Kaiser
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Parduman R Sharma
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheikh A Tasduq
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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