101
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Heterogeneous Impact of Water Warming on Exotic and Native Submerged and Emergent Plants in Outdoor Mesocosms. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071324. [PMID: 34209608 PMCID: PMC8309020 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Some aquatic plants present high biomass production with serious consequences on ecosystem functioning. Such mass development can be favored by environmental factors. Temperature increases are expected to modify individual species responses that could shape future communities. We explored the impact of rising water temperature on the growth, phenology, and metabolism of six macrophytes belonging to two biogeographic origins (exotic, native) and two growth forms (submerged, emergent). From June to October, they were exposed to ambient temperatures and a 3 °C warming in outdoor mesocosms. Percent cover and canopy height were favored by warmer water for the exotic emergent Ludwigia hexapetala. Warming did not modify total final biomass for any of the species but led to a decrease in total soluble sugars for all, possibly indicating changes in carbon allocation. Three emergent species presented lower flavonol and anthocyanin contents under increased temperatures, suggesting lower investment in defense mechanisms and mitigation of the stress generated by autumn temperatures. Finally, the 3 °C warming extended and shortened flowering period for L. hexapetala and Myosotis scorpioides, respectively. The changes generated by increased temperature in outdoor conditions were heterogeneous and varied depending on species but not on species biogeographic origin or growth form. Results suggest that climate warming could favor the invasiveness of L. hexapetala and impact the structure and composition of aquatic plants communities.
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102
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Zhu T, De Lima CFF, De Smet I. The Heat is On: How Crop Growth, Development and Yield Respond to High Temperature. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021:erab308. [PMID: 34185832 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a wide range of temperatures during their life cycle and need to continuously adapt. These adaptations need to deal with temperature changes on a daily and seasonal level and with temperatures affected by climate change. Increasing global temperatures negatively impact crop performance, and several physiological, biochemical, morphological and developmental responses to increased temperature have been described that allow plants to mitigate this. In this review, we assess various growth, development, and yield-related responses of crops to extreme and moderate high temperature, focusing on knowledge gained from both monocot (e.g. wheat, barley, maize, rice) and dicot crops (e.g. soybean and tomato) and incorporating information from model plants (e.g. Arabidopsis and Brachypodium). This revealed common and different responses between dicot and monocot crops, and defined different temperature thresholds depending on the species, growth stage and organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cassio Flavio Fonseca De Lima
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ive De Smet
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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103
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Boyd MA, Berner LT, Foster AC, Goetz SJ, Rogers BM, Walker XJ, Mack MC. Historic declines in growth portend trembling aspen death during a contemporary leaf miner outbreak in Alaska. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Boyd
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona86011USA
| | - Logan T. Berner
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona86011USA
| | - Adrianna C. Foster
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona86011USA
| | - Scott J. Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona86011USA
| | - Brendan M. Rogers
- Woodwell Climate Research Center Falmouth Massachusetts02540‐1644USA
| | - Xanthe J. Walker
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona86011USA
| | - Michelle C. Mack
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society and Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona86011USA
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104
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Tenkanen A, Suprun S, Oksanen E, Keinänen M, Keski-Saari S, Kontunen-Soppela S. Strategy by latitude? Higher photosynthetic capacity and root mass fraction in northern than southern silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) in uniform growing conditions. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:974-991. [PMID: 33171495 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Growth of northern trees is limited by short growing seasons. In multi-year trials, northern trees usually grow less than southern ones but can have higher gas exchange, whereas differences in biomass allocation and its relation to photosynthesis are less known. We characterized silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) provenances from southern (latitude 61°) and northern (latitude 67°) Finland in uniform chamber conditions. In a time-series experiment, we measured traits related to growth, biomass allocation and photosynthesis, and determined gas exchange responses to temperature and light. We found provenance differences in photosynthetic capacity and growth. The northern provenance allocated relatively more to roots, having a higher root mass fraction and lower shoot:root ratio than the southern provenance. On the other hand, the northern provenance had fewer leaves and lower total leaf dry weight (DW) than the southern provenance. The northern provenance attained higher rates of net photosynthesis (Anet) and higher stomatal conductance (gs) in all measured temperatures and higher photosynthesis at the optimum temperature (Aopt) than the southern provenance, but there was no difference in the optimum temperature of photosynthesis (Topt, 18.3 °C for the southern provenance vs 18.9 °C for the northern one). Photosynthetic light response curves showed no between-provenance differences. In a time-series, the northern provenance had higher Anet than the southern provenance, but gs was similar. The northern provenance had higher maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm) than the southern provenance. There were no differences between provenances in height, total plant DW, shoot DW, root DW or shoot mass fraction. Our results suggest that the provenances occupy a common thermal niche, or can at least relatively quickly acclimate to a common growth temperature. Thus, carbon assimilation of these northern trees may not be significantly affected by rising temperatures alone. In an equal photoperiod and optimal conditions, we found different one-season biomass accumulation strategies: southern trees grow with more leaves, while northern trees reach similar total assimilation (total DW, height) with more efficient photosynthetic capacity per leaf area (higher gas exchange, higher Fv/Fm) and relatively more investment in the below-ground fraction of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Tenkanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, PO Box 111, Joensuu 80101, Finland
| | - Sergei Suprun
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki PO Box 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Oksanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, PO Box 111, Joensuu 80101, Finland
| | - Markku Keinänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, PO Box 111, Joensuu 80101, Finland
| | - Sarita Keski-Saari
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, PO Box 111, Joensuu 80101, Finland
| | - Sari Kontunen-Soppela
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, PO Box 111, Joensuu 80101, Finland
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105
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Schmiege SC, Buckley BM, Stevenson DW, Heskel MA, Cuong TQ, Nam LC, Griffin KL. Respiratory temperature responses of tropical conifers differ with leaf morphology. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C. Schmiege
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York NY USA
- New York Botanical Garden Bronx NY USA
| | | | - Dennis W. Stevenson
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York NY USA
- New York Botanical Garden Bronx NY USA
| | - Mary A. Heskel
- Department of Biology Macalester College Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Truong Quang Cuong
- Bidoup Nui Ba National Park Lac Duong District Lam Dong Province Vietnam
| | - Le Canh Nam
- Forest Science Institute of Central Highlands and South of Central Vietnam Dalat City Lam Dong Province Vietnam
| | - Kevin L. Griffin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology Columbia University New York NY USA
- Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Palisades NY USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Columbia University New York NY USA
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106
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Rosa N, Lidon FC, Rodrigues AP, Pais IP, Scotti-Campos P, Asín L, Oliveira CM, Ramalho JC. Implications of nighttime temperature on metamitron impacts on the photosynthetic machinery functioning of Malus x domestica Borkh. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 261:153427. [PMID: 33940557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Metamitron (MET) is a fruitlet thinning compound for apple trees, needing better understanding of its action on leaf energy metabolism, depending on nighttime temperature. A trial under environmental controlled conditions was set with 'Golden Reinders' potted trees, under 25/7.5 and 25/15 °C (diurnal/nighttime temperature), with (MET, 247.5 ppm) or without (CTR) application, and considering the monitoring of photosynthetic and respiration components from day 1 (D1) to 14 (D14). Net photosynthesis (Pn) decline promoted by MET after D1 was not stomatal related. Instead, non-stomatal constraints, reflected on the photosynthetic capacity (Amax), included a clear photosystem (PS) II inhibition (but barely of PSI), as shown by severe reductions in thylakoid electron transport at PSII level, maximal (Fv/Fm) and actual (Fv'/Fm') PSII photochemical efficiencies, estimate of quantum yield of linear electron transport (Y(II)), and the rise in PSII photoinhibition status (Fs/Fm' and PIChr) and uncontrolled energy dissipation (Y(NO)). To Pn inhibition also contributed the impact in RuBisCO along the entire experiment, regardless of night temperature, here reported for the first time. Globally, MET impact on the photosynthetic parameters was usually greater under 7.5 °C, with maximal impacts between D4 and D7, probably associated to a less active metabolism at lower temperature. Cellular energy metabolism was further impaired under 7.5 °C, through moderate inhibition of NADH-dependent malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and pyruvate kinase (PK) enzymes involved in respiration, in contrast with the increase of dark respiration in MET 7.5 until D7. The lower impact on PK and MDH under 15 °C and a likely global higher active metabolism at that temperature would agree with the lowest sucrose levels in MET 15 at D4 and D7. Our findings showed that MET alters the cell energy machinery in a temperature dependent manner, affecting the sucrose balance mainly at 15 °C, justifying the observed greater thinning potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nídia Rosa
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Fernando C Lidon
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana P Rodrigues
- PlantStress & Biodiversity Lab, Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 2784-505, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel P Pais
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; Unidade de Investigação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos (UIBRG), Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), 2784-505, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula Scotti-Campos
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; Unidade de Investigação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos (UIBRG), Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), 2784-505, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Luís Asín
- IRTA Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, Park of Gardeny, Fruitcentre Building, 25003, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Cristina M Oliveira
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - José C Ramalho
- Unidade de Geobiociências, Geoengenharias e Geotecnologias (GeoBioTec), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; Unidade de Investigação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Genéticos (UIBRG), Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. (INIAV), 2784-505, Oeiras, Portugal.
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107
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Kim H, Park H, Wang H, Yoo HY, Park J, Ki JS. Low Temperature and Cold Stress Significantly Increase Saxitoxins (STXs) and Expression of STX Biosynthesis Genes sxtA4 and sxtG in the Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:291. [PMID: 34064031 PMCID: PMC8224010 DOI: 10.3390/md19060291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium spp. produce saxitoxins (STXs), whose biosynthesis pathway is affected by temperature. However, the link between the regulation of the relevant genes and STXs' accumulation and temperature is insufficiently understood. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of temperature on cellular STXs and the expression of two core STX biosynthesis genes (sxtA4 and sxtG) in the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella Alex03 isolated from Korean waters. We analyzed the growth rate, toxin profiles, and gene responses in cells exposed to different temperatures, including long-term adaptation (12, 16, and 20 °C) and cold and heat stresses. Temperature significantly affected the growth of A. catenella, with optimal growth (0.49 division/day) at 16 °C and the largest cell size (30.5 µm) at 12 °C. High concentration of STXs eq were detected in cells cultured at 16 °C (86.3 fmol/cell) and exposed to cold stress at 20→12 °C (96.6 fmol/cell) compared to those at 20 °C and exposed to heat stress. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed significant gene expression changes of sxtA4 in cells cultured at 16 °C (1.8-fold) and cold shock at 20→16 °C (9.9-fold). In addition, sxtG was significantly induced in cells exposed to cold shocks (20→16 °C; 19.5-fold) and heat stress (12→20 °C; 25.6-fold). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that low temperature (12 and 16 °C) and cold stress were positively related with STXs' production and gene expression levels. These results suggest that temperature may affect the toxicity and regulation of STX biosynthesis genes in dinoflagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea; (H.K.); (H.P.); (H.W.); (H.Y.Y.)
| | - Hyunjun Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea; (H.K.); (H.P.); (H.W.); (H.Y.Y.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea; (H.K.); (H.P.); (H.W.); (H.Y.Y.)
| | - Hah Young Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea; (H.K.); (H.P.); (H.W.); (H.Y.Y.)
| | - Jaeyeon Park
- Environment and Resource Convergence Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technologies, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea; (H.K.); (H.P.); (H.W.); (H.Y.Y.)
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108
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Zanten MV, Ai H, Quint M. Plant thermotropism: an underexplored thermal engagement and avoidance strategy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021:erab209. [PMID: 33974686 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Various strategies evolved in plants to adjust the position of organs relative to the prevailing temperature condition, which allows optimal plant growth and performance. Such responses are classically separated into nastic and tropic responses. During plant thermotropic responses, organs move towards (engage) or away (avoid) from a directional temperature cue. Despite thermotropism being a classic botanical concept, the underlying ecological function and molecular and biophysical mechanisms remain poorly understood to this day. This contrasts to the relatively well-studied thermonastic movements (hyponasty) of e.g., rosette leaves. In this review, we provide an update on the current knowledge on plant thermotropisms and propose directions for future research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn van Zanten
- Martijn van Zanten, Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University. Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Haiyue Ai
- Haiyue Ai, Marcel Quint, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty -Heimann-Str. 5 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marcel Quint
- Haiyue Ai, Marcel Quint, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty -Heimann-Str. 5 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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109
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Dacal M, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Barquero J, Berhe AA, Gallardo A, Maestre FT, García-Palacios P. Temperature Increases Soil Respiration Across Ecosystem Types and Soil Development, But Soil Properties Determine the Magnitude of This Effect. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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110
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Sønderholm F, Bjerrum CJ. Minimum levels of atmospheric oxygen from fossil tree roots imply new plant-oxygen feedback. GEOBIOLOGY 2021; 19:250-260. [PMID: 33608990 PMCID: PMC8248171 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The appearance and subsequent evolution of land plants is among the most important events in the earth system. Plant resulted in a change of earth surface albedo and the hydrological cycle, as well as increased rock weatherability thereby causing a persistent change in atmospheric CO2 and O2 . Land plants are, however, themselves dependent on O2 for respiration and long-term survival, something not considered in current geochemical models. In this perspective, we highlight two aspects of land plants' dependency on O2 relevant for the geobiological community: (a) fossil root systems can be used as a proxy for minimum levels of past atmospheric O2 consistent with a given fossil root depth; and (b) by identifying a positive feedback mechanism involving atmospheric O2 , root intensity, terrestrial primary production and organic carbon burial. As an example, we consider archaeopterid fossil root systems, resembling those of modern mature conifers. Our soil-plant model suggest that atmospheric O2 with 1 SD probably reached pressures of 18.2 ± 1.9 kPa and 16.8 ± 2.1 kPa by the Middle and Late Devonian, respectively, that is 86 ± 9% and 79 ± 10% of the present-day 21.2 kPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Sønderholm
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
| | - Christian J. Bjerrum
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
- Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
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111
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Dai L, Xu Y, Harmens H, Duan H, Feng Z, Hayes F, Sharps K, Radbourne A, Tarvainen L. Reduced photosynthetic thermal acclimation capacity under elevated ozone in poplar (Populus tremula) saplings. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2159-2173. [PMID: 33609321 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of photosynthesis to temperature has been identified as a key uncertainty for projecting the magnitude of the terrestrial carbon cycle response to future climate change. Although thermal acclimation of photosynthesis under rising temperature has been reported in many tree species, whether tropospheric ozone (O3 ) affects the acclimation capacity remains unknown. In this study, temperature responses of photosynthesis (light-saturated rate of photosynthesis (Asat ), maximum rates of RuBP carboxylation (Vcmax ), and electron transport (Jmax ) and dark respiration (Rdark ) of Populus tremula exposed to ambient O3 (AO3 , maximum of 30 ppb) or elevated O3 (EO3 , maximum of 110 ppb) and ambient or elevated temperature (ambient +5°C) were investigated in solardomes. We found that the optimum temperature of Asat (ToptA ) significantly increased in response to warming. However, the thermal acclimation capacity was reduced by O3 exposure, as indicated by decreased ToptA , and temperature optima of Vcmax (ToptV ) and Jmax (ToptJ ) under EO3 . Changes in both stomatal conductance (gs ) and photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax and Jmax ) contributed to the shift of ToptA by warming and EO3 . Neither Rdark measured at 25°C ( R dark 25 ) nor the temperature response of Rdark was affected by warming, EO3 , or their combination. The responses of Asat , Vcmax , and Jmax to warming and EO3 were closely correlated with changes in leaf nitrogen (N) content and N use efficiency. Overall, warming stimulated growth (leaf biomass and tree height), whereas EO3 reduced growth (leaf and woody biomass). The findings indicate that thermal acclimation of Asat may be overestimated if the impact of O3 pollution is not taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yansen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Harry Harmens
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Honglang Duan
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Felicity Hayes
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Katrina Sharps
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Alan Radbourne
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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112
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Prelle LR, Albrecht M, Karsten U, Damer P, Giese T, Jähns J, Müller S, Schulz L, Viertel L, Glaser K. Ecophysiological and Cell Biological Traits of Benthic Diatoms From Coastal Wetlands of the Southern Baltic Sea. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:642811. [PMID: 33912148 PMCID: PMC8072133 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.642811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The German Baltic Sea coastline is characterized by sea-land transitions zones, specifically coastal peatlands. Such transition zones exhibit highly fluctuating environmental parameters and dynamic gradients that affect physiological processes of inhabiting organisms such as microphytobenthic communities. In the present study four representative and abundant benthic diatom strains [Melosira nummuloides, Nitzschia filiformis, Planothidium sp. (st. 1) and Planothidium sp. (st.2)] were isolated from a Baltic Sea beach and three peatlands that are irregularly affected by Baltic Sea water intrusion. Ecophysiological and cell biological traits of the strains were investigated for the first time as function of light, temperature and salinity. The four strains exhibited euryhaline growth over a range of 1–39 SA, surpassing in situ salinity of the respective brackish habitats. Furthermore, they showed eurythermal growth over a temperature range from 5 to 30°C with an optimum temperature between 15 and 20°C. Growth rates did not exhibit any differences between the peatland and Baltic Sea strains. The photosynthetic temperature optimum of the peatland diatom isolates, however, was much higher (20–35°C) compared to the Baltic Sea one (10°C). All strains exhibited light saturation points ranging between 29.8 and 72.6 μmol photons m–2 s–1. The lipid content did not change in response to the tested abiotic factors. All data point to wide physiological tolerances in these benthic diatoms along the respective sea-land transitions zones. This study could serve as a baseline for future studies on microphytobenthic communities and their key functions, like primary production, under fluctuating environmental stressors along terrestrial-marine gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R Prelle
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulf Karsten
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Pauline Damer
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tabea Giese
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jessica Jähns
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Simon Müller
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Louisa Schulz
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lennard Viertel
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karin Glaser
- Applied Ecology and Phycology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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113
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Ozone Response of Leaf Physiological and Stomatal Characteristics in Brassica juncea L. at Supraoptimal Temperatures. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10040357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Plants are affected by the features of their surrounding environment, such as climate change and air pollution caused by anthropogenic activities. In particular, agricultural production is highly sensitive to environmental characteristics. Since no environmental factor is independent, the interactive effects of these factors on plants are essential for agricultural production. In this context, the interactive effects of ozone (O3) and supraoptimal temperatures remain unclear. Here, we investigated the physiological and stomatal characteristics of leaf mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in the presence of charcoal-filtered (target concentration, 10 ppb) and elevated (target concentration, 120 ppb) O3 concentrations and/or optimal (22/20 °C day/night) and supraoptimal temperatures (27/25 °C). Regarding physiological characteristics, the maximum rate of electron transport and triose phosphate use significantly decreased in the presence of elevated O3 at a supraoptimal temperature (OT conditions) compared with those in the presence of elevated O3 at an optimal temperature (O conditions). Total chlorophyll content was also significantly affected by supraoptimal temperature and elevated O3. The chlorophyll a/b ratio significantly reduced under OT conditions compared to C condition at 7 days after the beginning of exposure (DAE). Regarding stomatal characteristics, there was no significant difference in stomatal pore area between O and OT conditions, but stomatal density under OT conditions was significantly increased compared with that under O conditions. At 14 DAE, the levels of superoxide (O2-), which is a reactive oxygen species, were significantly increased under OT conditions compared with those under O conditions. Furthermore, leaf weight was significantly reduced under OT conditions compared with that under O conditions. Collectively, these results indicate that temperature is a key driver of the O3 response of B. juncea via changes in leaf physiological and stomatal characteristics.
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114
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Niu B, Zhang X, Piao S, Janssens IA, Fu G, He Y, Zhang Y, Shi P, Dai E, Yu C, Zhang J, Yu G, Xu M, Wu J, Zhu L, Desai AR, Chen J, Bohrer G, Gough CM, Mammarella I, Varlagin A, Fares S, Zhao X, Li Y, Wang H, Ouyang Z. Warming homogenizes apparent temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/15/eabc7358. [PMID: 33837072 PMCID: PMC8034862 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc7358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Warming-induced carbon loss through terrestrial ecosystem respiration (Re) is likely getting stronger in high latitudes and cold regions because of the more rapid warming and higher temperature sensitivity of Re (Q 10). However, it is not known whether the spatial relationship between Q 10 and temperature also holds temporally under a future warmer climate. Here, we analyzed apparent Q 10 values derived from multiyear observations at 74 FLUXNET sites spanning diverse climates and biomes. We found warming-induced decline in Q 10 is stronger at colder regions than other locations, which is consistent with a meta-analysis of 54 field warming experiments across the globe. We predict future warming will shrink the global variability of Q 10 values to an average of 1.44 across the globe under a high emission trajectory (RCP 8.5) by the end of the century. Therefore, warming-induced carbon loss may be less than previously assumed because of Q 10 homogenization in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianzhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk B-2610, Belgium
| | - Gang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongtao He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yangjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peili Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Erfu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengqun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianshuang Wu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ankur R Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jiquan Chen
- Department of Geography, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Gil Bohrer
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christopher M Gough
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2012, USA
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Andrej Varlagin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Silvano Fares
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy, Via dei Taurini 19, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Xinquan Zhao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
| | - Yingnian Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhu Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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115
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Villalba JJ, Ates S, MacAdam JW. Non-fiber Carbohydrates in Forages and Their Influence on Beef Production Systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.566338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forages can provide a complete diet for ruminant animals, increasing the sustainability of beef production systems worldwide while reducing competition with humans for agricultural land or grain crops. Much of the emphasis on the nutritional characteristics of forages has been on the fiber, sugars, starch, and protein they supply to the rumen, despite the fact that other less-explored constituents, i.e., neutral detergent soluble fiber (NDSF) and other non-structural or non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) also play a key role in the nutrition of ruminants. This paper explores the less investigated potential of temperate legumes to accumulate levels of NFC comparable to corn silage or beet pulp in cool, dry environments under irrigation, and its implications for forage-based beef production systems. We conclude that genetic or managerial interventions (i.e., breeding programs, defoliation frequency) or ecological conditions (i.e., climate, elevation) that increase concentrations of NFC in legumes can enhance beef production, meat quality, and the efficiency of nitrogen utilization by ruminants while reducing environmental impacts.
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Mujawamariya M, Wittemann M, Manishimwe A, Ntirugulirwa B, Zibera E, Nsabimana D, Wallin G, Uddling J, Dusenge ME. Complete or overcompensatory thermal acclimation of leaf dark respiration in African tropical trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2548-2561. [PMID: 33113226 PMCID: PMC7898918 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tropical climates are getting warmer, with pronounced dry periods in large areas. The productivity and climate feedbacks of future tropical forests depend on the ability of trees to acclimate their physiological processes, such as leaf dark respiration (Rd ), to these new conditions. However, knowledge on this is currently limited due to data scarcity. We studied the impact of growth temperature on Rd and its dependency on net photosynthesis (An ), leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents, and leaf mass per unit area (LMA) in 16 early-successional (ES) and late-successional (LS) tropical tree species in multispecies plantations along an elevation gradient (Rwanda TREE project). Moreover, we explored the effect of drought on Rd in one ES and one LS species. Leaf Rd at 20°C decreased at warmer sites, regardless if it was expressed per unit leaf area, mass, N or P. This acclimation resulted in an 8% and a 28% decrease in Rd at prevailing nighttime temperatures in trees at the intermediate and warmest sites, respectively. Moreover, drought reduced Rd , particularly in the ES species and at the coolest site. Thermal acclimation of Rd is complete or overcompensatory and independent of changes in leaf nutrients or LMA in African tropical trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Mujawamariya
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Maria Wittemann
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Aloysie Manishimwe
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Development BoardPO Box 5016KigaliRwanda
| | - Etienne Zibera
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
| | - Donat Nsabimana
- School of Forestry and Biodiversity and Biological SciencesUniversity of RwandaBusogoRwanda
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
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117
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Harrap MJM, Rands SA. Floral infrared emissivity estimates using simple tools. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:23. [PMID: 33632239 PMCID: PMC7905901 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00721-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Floral temperature has important consequences for plant biology, and accurate temperature measurements are therefore important to plant research. Thermography, also referred to as thermal imaging, is beginning to be used more frequently to measure and visualize floral temperature. Accurate thermographic measurements require information about the object's emissivity (its capacity to emit thermal radiation with temperature), to obtain accurate temperature readings. However, there are currently no published estimates of floral emissivity available. This is most likely to be due to flowers being unsuitable for the most common protocols for emissivity estimation. Instead, researchers have used emissivity estimates collected on vegetative plant tissue when conducting floral thermography, assuming these tissues to have the same emissivity. As floral tissue differs from vegetative tissue, it is unclear how appropriate and accurate these vegetative tissue emissivity estimates are when they are applied to floral tissue. RESULTS We collect floral emissivity estimates using two protocols, using a thermocouple and a water bath, providing a guide for making estimates of floral emissivity that can be carried out without needing specialist equipment (apart from the thermal camera). Both protocols involve measuring the thermal infrared radiation from flowers of a known temperature, providing the required information for emissivity estimation. Floral temperature is known within these protocols using either a thermocouple, or by heating the flowers within a water bath. Emissivity estimates indicate floral emissivity is high, near 1, at least across petals. While the two protocols generally indicated the same trends, the water bath protocol gave more realistic and less variable estimates. While some variation with flower species and location on the flower is observed in emissivity estimates, these are generally small or can be explained as resulting from artefacts of these protocols, relating to thermocouple or water surface contact quality. CONCLUSIONS Floral emissivity appears to be high, and seems quite consistent across most flowers and between species, at least across petals. A value near 1, for example 0.98, is recommended for accurate thermographic measurements of floral temperature. This suggests that the similarly high values based on vegetation emissivity estimates used by previous researchers were appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J M Harrap
- University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Sean A Rands
- University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
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118
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Temperature thresholds of ecosystem respiration at a global scale. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:487-494. [PMID: 33619357 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ecosystem respiration is a major component of the global terrestrial carbon cycle and is strongly influenced by temperature. The global extent of the temperature-ecosystem respiration relationship, however, has not been fully explored. Here, we test linear and threshold models of ecosystem respiration across 210 globally distributed eddy covariance sites over an extensive temperature range. We find thresholds to the global temperature-ecosystem respiration relationship at high and low air temperatures and mid soil temperatures, which represent transitions in the temperature dependence and sensitivity of ecosystem respiration. Annual ecosystem respiration rates show a markedly reduced temperature dependence and sensitivity compared to half-hourly rates, and a single mid-temperature threshold for both air and soil temperature. Our study indicates a distinction in the influence of environmental factors, including temperature, on ecosystem respiration between latitudinal and climate gradients at short (half-hourly) and long (annual) timescales. Such climatological differences in the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration have important consequences for the terrestrial net carbon sink under ongoing climate change.
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119
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Inoue T, Noguchi K. Theoretical analysis of a temperature-dependent model of respiratory O 2 consumption using the kinetics of the cytochrome and alternative pathways. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1810-1821. [PMID: 32984969 PMCID: PMC7821261 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Temperature dependence of plant respiratory O2 -consumption has been empirically described by the Arrhenius equation. The slope of the Arrhenius plot (which is proportional to activation energy) sometimes deviates from a constant value. We conducted kinetic model simulations of mitochondrial electron flow dynamics to clarify factors affecting the shape of the Arrhenius plot. We constructed a kinetic model of respiration in which competitive O2 -consumption by the cytochrome pathway (CP) and the alternative pathway (AP) were considered, and we used this model to describe the temperature dependence of respiratory O2 -consumption of Arabidopsis. The model indicated that the electron partitioning and activation energy differences between CP and AP were reflected in the slope and magnitude of the dependent variables of the Arrhenius plot. When the electron partitioning and activation energies of CP and AP were constant with temperature change, our model suggested that the Arrhenius plot would be almost linear. When the electron partitioning or activation energy of CP, or both, rapidly changed with temperature, the Arrhenius plot deviated from linearity, as reported in previous experimental studies. Our simulation analysis quantitatively linked the kinetic model parameters with physiological mechanisms underlying the instantaneous temperature dependence of plant respiration rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Inoue
- National Institute for Environmental Studies16‐2 Onogawa TsukubaIbaraki305‐8506Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- Department of Life ScienceTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences1432‐1 Horinouchi HachiojiTokyo192‐0392Japan
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120
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Zhu L, Bloomfield KJ, Asao S, Tjoelker MG, Egerton JJG, Hayes L, Weerasinghe LK, Creek D, Griffin KL, Hurry V, Liddell M, Meir P, Turnbull MH, Atkin OK. Acclimation of leaf respiration temperature responses across thermally contrasting biomes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1312-1325. [PMID: 32931621 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Short-term temperature response curves of leaf dark respiration (R-T) provide insights into a critical process that influences plant net carbon exchange. This includes how respiratory traits acclimate to sustained changes in the environment. Our study analysed 860 high-resolution R-T (10-70°C range) curves for: (a) 62 evergreen species measured in two contrasting seasons across several field sites/biomes; and (b) 21 species (subset of those sampled in the field) grown in glasshouses at 20°C : 15°C, 25°C : 20°C and 30°C : 25°C, day : night. In the field, across all sites/seasons, variations in R25 (measured at 25°C) and the leaf T where R reached its maximum (Tmax ) were explained by growth T (mean air-T of 30-d before measurement), solar irradiance and vapour pressure deficit, with growth T having the strongest influence. R25 decreased and Tmax increased with rising growth T across all sites and seasons with the single exception of winter at the cool-temperate rainforest site where irradiance was low. The glasshouse study confirmed that R25 and Tmax thermally acclimated. Collectively, the results suggest: (1) thermal acclimation of leaf R is common in most biomes; and (2) the high T threshold of respiration dynamically adjusts upward when plants are challenged with warmer and hotter climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Keith J Bloomfield
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Shinichi Asao
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - John J G Egerton
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 116, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Lucy Hayes
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Danielle Creek
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- INRAE Univ. Clermont-Auvergne, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Vaughan Hurry
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 84, Sweden
| | - Michael Liddell
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
| | - Patrick Meir
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Matthew H Turnbull
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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121
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Danaraj J, Ayyappan S, Mariasingarayan Y, Packiyavathy IASV, Sweetly Dharmadhas J. Chlorophyll fluorescence, dark respiration and metabolomic analysis of Halodule pinifolia reveal potential heat responsive metabolites and biochemical pathways under ocean warming. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 164:105248. [PMID: 33412477 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses are submerged marine angiosperms often prone to various biotic and abiotic stress factors in the marine environment. Our study investigated the response, adaptation and underlying tolerance mechanism of tropical seagrass Halodule pinifolia upon temperature stress (24°, 29°, 37°, and 45 °C) and evaluated the effect of temperature stress on net photosynthesis (ΔF/F'm) and dark respiration (Fv/Fm). In this study, metabolomic analysis of seagrass H. pinifolia upon heat stress has been performed using GC-MS based omics approach. As a result, the net photosynthetic efficiency (ΔF/F'm) was found significantly decreased upon heat stress, while the dark respiration rate was increased to 2.903 mg O2/g FW h-1 and 3.87 mg O2/g FW h-1 as compared to the control (24 °C), respectively. Metabolomic analysis showed heat stress could cause large metabolite variations with respect to sugar, amino acids and organic acids. Interestingly, three thermo-protective metabolites such as trehalose (sugar), glycine betaine (amino acid) and methyl vinyl ketone (organic acid) were profiled from H. pinifolia (45 °C) and is the first report on the occurrence of glycine betaine and methyl vinyl ketone from seagrasses and other aquatic species so far. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis demonstrated H. pinifolia exposed to heat stress lead to intense biochemical changes and caused significant variations in the heat responsive metabolic pathways. The present findings would facilitate the further research on identifying gene to metabolite networks for an effective management of seagrass conservation by genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyapragash Danaraj
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608502, Tamilnadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, (Deemed to be University), Echanari, 641021, Coimbatore, India.
| | - Saravanakumar Ayyappan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608502, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Yosuva Mariasingarayan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, 608502, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Jeba Sweetly Dharmadhas
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, (Deemed to be University), Echanari, 641021, Coimbatore, India
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Xu M, Liáng LL, Kirschbaum MUF, Fang S, Yu Y. Short-Term Temperature Response of Leaf Respiration in Different Subtropical Urban Tree Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:628995. [PMID: 33519882 PMCID: PMC7841330 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.628995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaf respiration is one of the critical components of the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. To predict changes of carbon emissions from leaves to the atmosphere under a warming climate, it is, therefore, important to understand the thermodynamics of the temperature response of leaf respiration. In this study, we measured the short-term temperature response of leaf respiration from five different urban tree species in a subtropical region of southern China. We applied two models, including an empirical model (the Kavanau model) and a mechanistic model (Macromolecular Rate Theory, MMRT), to investigate the thermodynamic properties in different plant species. Both models are equivalent in fitting measurements of the temperature response of leaf respiration with no significant difference (p = 0.67) in model efficiency, while MMRT provides an easy way to determine the thermodynamic properties, i.e., enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of activation, for plant respiration. We found a conserved temperature response in the five studied plant species, showing no difference in thermodynamic properties and the relative temperature sensitivity for different species at low temperatures (<42°C). However, divergent temperature response among species happened at high temperatures over 42°C, showing more than two-fold differences in relative respiration rate compared to that below 42°C, although the causes of the divergent temperature response remain unclear. Notably, the convergent temperature response at low temperatures could provide useful information for land surface models to improve predictions of climate change effects on plant respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lìyǐn L. Liáng
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Shuyi Fang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yina Yu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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123
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Temperature effect on water dynamics in tetramer phosphofructokinase matrix and the super-arrhenius respiration rate. Sci Rep 2021; 11:383. [PMID: 33431895 PMCID: PMC7801438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79271-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding the temperature effect on water dynamics in cellular respiration are important for the modeling of integrated energy processes and metabolic rates. For more than half a century, experimental studies have contributed to the understanding of the catalytic role of water in respiration combustion, yet the detailed water dynamics remains elusive. We combine a super-Arrhenius model that links the temperature-dependent exponential growth rate of a population of plant cells to respiration, and an experiment on isotope labeled 18O2 uptake to H218O transport role and to a rate-limiting step of cellular respiration. We use Phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) as a prototype because this enzyme is known to be a pacemaker (a rate-limiting enzyme) in the glycolysis process of respiration. The characterization shows that PFK-1 water matrix dynamics are crucial for examining how respiration (PFK-1 tetramer complex breathing) rates respond to temperature change through a water and nano-channel network created by the enzyme folding surfaces, at both short and long (evolutionary) timescales. We not only reveal the nano-channel water network of PFK-1 tetramer hydration topography but also clarify how temperature drives the underlying respiration rates by mapping the channels of water diffusion with distinct dynamics in space and time. The results show that the PFK-1 assembly tetramer possesses a sustainable capacity in the regulation of the water network toward metabolic rates. The implications and limitations of the reciprocal-activation-reciprocal-temperature relationship for interpreting PFK-1 tetramer mechanisms are briefly discussed.
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Aspinwall MJ, Faciane M, Harris K, O'Toole M, Neece A, Jerome V, Colón M, Chieppa J, Feller IC. Salinity has little effect on photosynthetic and respiratory responses to seasonal temperature changes in black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) seedlings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:103-118. [PMID: 32803230 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and salinity are important regulators of mangrove range limits and productivity, but the physiological responses of mangroves to the interactive effects of temperature and salinity remain uncertain. We tested the hypothesis that salinity alters photosynthetic responses to seasonal changes in temperature and vapor pressure deficit (D), as well as thermal acclimation _of leaf respiration in black mangrove (Avicennia germinans). To test this hypothesis, we grew seedlings of A. germinans in an outdoor experiment for ~ 12 months under four treatments spanning 0 to 55 ppt porewater salinity. We repeatedly measured seedling growth and in situ rates of leaf net photosynthesis (Asat) and stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs) at prevailing leaf temperatures, along with estimated rates of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport for RuBP regeneration (Jmax), and measured rates of leaf respiration at 25 °C (Rarea25). We developed empirical models describing the seasonal response of leaf gas exchange and photosynthetic capacity to leaf temperature and D, and the response of Rarea25 to changes in mean daily air temperature. We tested the effect of salinity on model parameters. Over time, salinity had weak or inconsistent effects on Asat, gs and Rarea25. Salinity also had little effect on the biochemical parameters of photosynthesis (Vcmax, Jmax) and individual measurements of Asat, gs, Vcmax and Jmax showed a similar response to seasonal changes in temperature and D across all salinity treatments. Individual measurements of Rarea25 showed a similar inverse relationship with mean daily air temperature across all salinity treatments. We conclude that photosynthetic responses to seasonal changes in temperature and D, as well as seasonal temperature acclimation of leaf R, are largely consistent across a range of salinities in A. germinans. These results might simplify predictions of photosynthetic and respiratory responses to temperature in young mangroves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Aspinwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Martina Faciane
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Kylie Harris
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Madison O'Toole
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Amy Neece
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Vrinda Jerome
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Mateo Colón
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jeff Chieppa
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ilka C Feller
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
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Bermudez R, Stefanski A, Montgomery RA, Reich PB. Short- and long-term responses of photosynthetic capacity to temperature in four boreal tree species in a free-air warming and rainfall manipulation experiment. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:89-102. [PMID: 32864704 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High latitude forests cope with considerable variation in moisture and temperature at multiple temporal scales. To assess how their photosynthetic physiology responds to short- and long-term temperature variation, we measured photosynthetic capacity for four tree species growing in an open-air experiment in the boreal-temperate ecotone `Boreal Forest Warming at an Ecotone in Danger' (B4WarmED). The experiment factorially manipulated temperature above- and below-ground (ambient, +3.2 °C) and summer rainfall (ambient, 40% removal). We measured A/Ci curves at 18, 25 and 32 °C for individuals of two boreal (Pinus banksiana Lamb., Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and two temperate species (Pinus strobus L., Acer rubrum L.) experiencing the long-term warming and/or reduced-rainfall conditions induced by our experimental treatments. We calculated the apparent photosynthetic capacity descriptors VCmax,Ci and Jmax,Ci and their ratio for each measurement temperate. We hypothesized that (i) VCmax,Ci and Jmax,Ci would be down-regulated in plants experiencing longer term (e.g., weeks to months) warming and reduced rainfall (i.e., have lower values at a given measurement temperature), as is sometimes found in the literature, and that (ii) plants growing at warmer temperatures or from warmer ranges would show greater sensitivity (steeper slope) to short-term (minutes to hours) temperature variation. Neither hypothesis was supported as a general trend across the four species, as there was not a significant main effect (across species) of either warming or rainfall reduction on VCmax,Ci and Jmax,Ci. All species markedly increased VCmax,Ci and Jmax,Ci (and decreased their ratio) with short-term increases in temperature (i.e., contrasting values at 18, 25 and 32 °C), and those responses were independent of long-term treatments and did not differ among species. The Jmax,Ci:VCmax,Ci ratio was, however, significantly lower across species in warmed and reduced rainfall treatments. Collectively, these results suggest that boreal trees possess considerable short-term plasticity that may allow homeostasis of VCmax,Ci and Jmax,Ci to a longer term temperature treatment. Our results also caution against extrapolating results obtained under controlled and markedly contrasting temperature treatments to responses of photosynthetic parameters to more modest temperature changes expected in the near-term with climate warming in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo Bermudez
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Artur Stefanski
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | | | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia
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Li G, Chen T, Feng B, Peng S, Tao L, Fu G. Respiration, Rather Than Photosynthesis, Determines Rice Yield Loss Under Moderate High-Temperature Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:678653. [PMID: 34249047 PMCID: PMC8264589 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.678653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is an important biophysical and biochemical reaction that provides food and oxygen to maintain aerobic life on earth. Recently, increasing photosynthesis has been revisited as an approach for reducing rice yield losses caused by high temperatures. We found that moderate high temperature causes less damage to photosynthesis but significantly increases respiration. In this case, the energy production efficiency is enhanced, but most of this energy is allocated to maintenance respiration, resulting in an overall decrease in the energy utilization efficiency. In this perspective, respiration, rather than photosynthesis, may be the primary contributor to yield losses in a high-temperature climate. Indeed, the dry matter weight and yield could be enhanced if the energy was mainly allocated to the growth respiration. Therefore, we proposed that engineering smart rice cultivars with a highly efficient system of energy production, allocation, and utilization could effectively solve the world food crisis under high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Crop Production and Physiology Center (CPPC), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- Crop Production and Physiology Center (CPPC), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longxing Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Longxing Tao,
| | - Guanfu Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- Guanfu Fu,
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127
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Gessler A, Bottero A, Marshall J, Arend M. The way back: recovery of trees from drought and its implication for acclimation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1704-1709. [PMID: 32452535 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstrasse 16, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
- SwissForestLab, Birmensdorf, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Bottero
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
- SwissForestLab, Birmensdorf, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - John Marshall
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogens ekologi och skötsel, Umeå, 901 83, Sweden
| | - Matthias Arend
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel, 4056, Switzerland
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128
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Drake JE, Harwood R, Vårhammar A, Barbour MM, Reich PB, Barton CVM, Tjoelker MG. No evidence of homeostatic regulation of leaf temperature in Eucalyptus parramattensis trees: integration of CO 2 flux and oxygen isotope methodologies. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1511-1523. [PMID: 32531796 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thermoregulation of leaf temperature (Tleaf ) may foster metabolic homeostasis in plants, but the degree to which Tleaf is moderated, and under what environmental contexts, is a topic of debate. Isotopic studies inferred the temperature of photosynthetic carbon assimilation to be a constant value of c. 20°C; by contrast, leaf biophysical theory suggests a strong dependence of Tleaf on environmental drivers. Can this apparent disparity be reconciled? We continuously measured Tleaf and whole-crown net CO2 uptake for Eucalyptus parramattensis trees growing in field conditions in whole-tree chambers under ambient and +3°C warming conditions, and calculated assimilation-weighted leaf temperature (TL-AW ) across 265 d, varying in air temperature (Tair ) from -1 to 45°C. We compared these data to TL-AW derived from wood cellulose δ18 O. Tleaf exhibited substantial variation driven by Tair , light intensity, and vapor pressure deficit, and Tleaf was strongly linearly correlated with Tair with a slope of c. 1.0. TL-AW values calculated from cellulose δ18 O vs crown fluxes were remarkably consistent; both varied seasonally and in response to the warming treatment, tracking variation in Tair . The leaves studied here were nearly poikilothermic, with no evidence of thermoregulation of Tleaf towards a homeostatic value. Importantly, this work supports the use of cellulose δ18 O to infer TL-AW , but does not support the concept of strong homeothermic regulation of Tleaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Drake
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Sustainable Resources Management, SUNY-ESF, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Richard Harwood
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Private Bag 4011, Narellan, NSW, 2567, Australia
| | - Angelica Vårhammar
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Margaret M Barbour
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Private Bag 4011, Narellan, NSW, 2567, Australia
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Ave N., St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Craig V M Barton
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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129
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Quan X, Wang N, Wang C. Thermal acclimation of leaf dark respiration of Larix gmelinii: A latitudinal transplant experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140634. [PMID: 32653708 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The response of tree leaf dark respiration (Rd) to temperature change is important in modeling and predicting forest carbon (C) cycling under climate change, but it has rarely been investigated in nature. We conducted a field experiment by transplanting the trees of Larix gmelinii - the dominant tree species in Chinese boreal forests from four latitudinal sites to a common garden near the warm border of its range. Our objective was to explore thermal acclimation of Rd and the underlying mechanisms by comparing the temperature-response curves of Rd and related leaf traits both in the common garden and at the original sites. We found that warming significantly decreased Rd and its temperature sensitivity (Q10), which changed across the growing season and were correlated with the mean annual temperature of the original sites, reflecting a combination of both short- and long-term respiratory acclimation to warming. The trees from the southern sites tended to have higher thermal acclimation of Rd and lower Q10 than that from the northern sites. Rd and Q10 were highly correlated with the concentrations of leaf nitrogen and soluble sugars, which may be used as proxies for assessing thermal acclimation of respiration. Considering both short- and long-term thermal acclimation of Rd likely improves the prediction of forest C cycling in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankui Quan
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chuankuan Wang
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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130
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The thermal response of soil microbial methanogenesis decreases in magnitude with changing temperature. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5733. [PMID: 33184291 PMCID: PMC7665204 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial methanogenesis in anaerobic soils contributes greatly to global methane (CH4) release, and understanding its response to temperature is fundamental to predicting the feedback between this potent greenhouse gas and climate change. A compensatory thermal response in microbial activity over time can reduce the response of respiratory carbon (C) release to temperature change, as shown for carbon dioxide (CO2) in aerobic soils. However, whether microbial methanogenesis also shows a compensatory response to temperature change remains unknown. Here, we used anaerobic wetland soils from the Greater Khingan Range and the Tibetan Plateau to investigate how 160 days of experimental warming (+4°C) and cooling (−4°C) affect the thermal response of microbial CH4 respiration and whether these responses correspond to changes in microbial community dynamics. The mass-specific CH4 respiration rates of methanogens decreased with warming and increased with cooling, suggesting that microbial methanogenesis exhibited compensatory responses to temperature changes. Furthermore, changes in the species composition of methanogenic community under warming and cooling largely explained the compensatory response in the soils. The stimulatory effect of climate warming on soil microbe-driven CH4 emissions may thus be smaller than that currently predicted, with important consequences for atmospheric CH4 concentrations. Soil microbes produce more methane as temperatures warm, but it is unclear if they acclimate to heat, or keep producing more of the greenhouse gas. Here the authors use artificial wetland warming experiments to show that after initial spikes in methane emissions after warming, emissions level out over time.
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131
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Pierangelini M, Thiry M, Cardol P. Different levels of energetic coupling between photosynthesis and respiration do not determine the occurrence of adaptive responses of Symbiodiniaceae to global warming. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:855-868. [PMID: 32535971 PMCID: PMC7590187 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Disentangling the metabolic functioning of corals' endosymbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) is relevant to understanding the response of coral reefs to warming oceans. In this work, we first question whether there is an energetic coupling between photosynthesis and respiration in Symbiodiniaceae (Symbiodinium, Durusdinium and Effrenium), and second, how different levels of energetic coupling will affect their adaptive responses to global warming. Coupling between photosynthesis and respiration was established by determining the variation of metabolic rates during thermal response curves, and how inhibition of respiration affects photosynthesis. Adaptive (irreversible) responses were studied by exposing two Symbiodinium species with different levels of photosynthesis-respiration interaction to high temperature conditions (32°C) for 1 yr. We found that some Symbiodiniaceae have a high level of energetic coupling; that is, photosynthesis and respiration have the same temperature dependency, and photosynthesis is negatively affected when respiration is inhibited. Conversely, photosynthesis and respiration are not coupled in other species. In any case, prolonged exposure to high temperature caused adjustments in both photosynthesis and respiration, but these changes were fully reversible. We conclude that energetic coupling between photosynthesis and respiration exhibits wide variation amongst Symbiodiniaceae and does not determine the occurrence of adaptive responses in Symbiodiniaceae to temperature increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pierangelini
- Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesInBioS/PhytosystemsInstitut de BotaniqueUniversité de LiègeB22Liège4000Belgium
| | - Marc Thiry
- Unit of Cell BiologyGIGA‐NeurosciencesCHU Sart‐TilmanUniversity of LiègeLiègeB36, 4000Belgium
| | - Pierre Cardol
- Génétique et Physiologie des MicroalguesInBioS/PhytosystemsInstitut de BotaniqueUniversité de LiègeB22Liège4000Belgium
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132
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Shelyakin M, Zakhozhiy I, Golovko T. The effect of temperature on Antarctic lichen cytochrome and alternative respiratory pathway rates. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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133
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Eller F, Hyldgaard B, Driever SM, Ottosen CO. Inherent trait differences explain wheat cultivar responses to climate factor interactions: New insights for more robust crop modelling. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5965-5978. [PMID: 32677162 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change predictions foresee a combination of rising CO2 , temperature and altered precipitation. Effects of single climatic variables are well defined, but the importance of combined variables and genotypic effects is less known, although pivotal for assessing climate change impacts, for example, with crop growth models. This study provides developmental and physiological data from combined climatic factors for two distinct wheat cultivars (Paragon and Gladius), as a basis to improve predictions for climate change scenarios. The two cultivars were grown in controlled climate chambers in a fully factorial setup of atmospheric CO2 concentration, growth temperature and watering regime. The cultivars differed considerably in their developmental rate, response pattern and the parameters responsible for most of their variation. The growth of Paragon was linked to climatic effects on photosynthesis and mainly affected by temperature. Paragon was overall more negatively affected by all treatment combinations compared to Gladius. Gladius was mostly affected by watering regime. The cultivars' acclimation strategies to climate factors varied significantly. Thus, considering a single factor is an oversimplification very likely impacting the accuracy of crop growth models. Intraspecific crop variation could help understanding genotype by environment variation. Cultivars with high phenotypic plasticity may have greater resilience against climatic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benita Hyldgaard
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Steven M Driever
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Rodrigues TB, Baker CR, Walker AP, McDowell N, Rogers A, Higuchi N, Chambers JQ, Jardine KJ. Stimulation of isoprene emissions and electron transport rates as key mechanisms of thermal tolerance in the tropical species Vismia guianensis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5928-5941. [PMID: 32525272 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests absorb large amounts of atmospheric CO2 through photosynthesis, but high surface temperatures suppress this absorption while promoting isoprene emissions. While mechanistic isoprene emission models predict a tight coupling to photosynthetic electron transport (ETR) as a function of temperature, direct field observations of this phenomenon are lacking in the tropics and are necessary to assess the impact of a warming climate on global isoprene emissions. Here we demonstrate that in the early successional species Vismia guianensis in the central Amazon, ETR rates increased with temperature in concert with isoprene emissions, even as stomatal conductance (gs ) and net photosynthetic carbon fixation (Pn ) declined. We observed the highest temperatures of continually increasing isoprene emissions yet reported (50°C). While Pn showed an optimum value of 32.6 ± 0.4°C, isoprene emissions, ETR, and the oxidation state of PSII reaction centers (qL ) increased with leaf temperature with strong linear correlations for ETR (ƿ = 0.98) and qL (ƿ = 0.99) with leaf isoprene emissions. In contrast, other photoprotective mechanisms, such as non-photochemical quenching, were not activated at elevated temperatures. Inhibition of isoprenoid biosynthesis repressed Pn at high temperatures through a mechanism that was independent of stomatal closure. While extreme warming will decrease gs and Pn in tropical species, our observations support a thermal tolerance mechanism where the maintenance of high photosynthetic capacity under extreme warming is assisted by the simultaneous stimulation of ETR and metabolic pathways that consume the direct products of ETR including photorespiration and the biosynthesis of thermoprotective isoprenoids. Our results confirm that models which link isoprene emissions to the rate of ETR hold true in tropical species and provide necessary "ground-truthing" for simulations of the large predicted increases in tropical isoprene emissions with climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayana B Rodrigues
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Christopher R Baker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Nate McDowell
- Earth System Analysis and Modeling, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Niro Higuchi
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Q Chambers
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kolby J Jardine
- Forest Management Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research, Manaus, Brazil
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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135
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Ziegler C, Dusenge ME, Nyirambangutse B, Zibera E, Wallin G, Uddling J. Contrasting Dependencies of Photosynthetic Capacity on Leaf Nitrogen in Early- and Late-Successional Tropical Montane Tree Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:500479. [PMID: 33042168 PMCID: PMC7527595 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.500479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Differences in photosynthetic capacity among tree species and tree functional types are currently assumed to be largely driven by variation in leaf nutrient content, particularly nitrogen (N). However, recent studies indicate that leaf N content is often a poor predictor of variation in photosynthetic capacity in tropical trees. In this study, we explored the relative importance of area-based total leaf N content (Ntot) and within-leaf N allocation to photosynthetic capacity versus light-harvesting in controlling the variation in photosynthetic capacity (i.e. V cmax, J max) among mature trees of 12 species belonging to either early (ES) or late successional (LS) groups growing in a tropical montane rainforest in Rwanda, Central Africa. Photosynthetic capacity at a common leaf temperature of 25˚C (i.e. maximum rates of Rubisco carboxylation, V cmax25 and of electron transport, J max25) was higher in ES than in LS species (+ 58% and 68% for V cmax25 and J max25, respectively). While Ntot did not significantly differ between successional groups, the photosynthetic dependency on Ntot was markedly different. In ES species, V cmax25 was strongly and positively related to Ntot but this was not the case in LS species. However, there was no significant trade-off between relative leaf N investments in compounds maximizing photosynthetic capacity versus compounds maximizing light harvesting. Both leaf dark respiration at 25˚C (+ 33%) and, more surprisingly, apparent photosynthetic quantum yield (+ 35%) was higher in ES than in LS species. Moreover, Rd25 was positively related to Ntot for both ES and LS species. Our results imply that efforts to quantify carbon fluxes of tropical montane rainforests would be improved if they considered contrasting within-leaf N allocation and photosynthetic Ntot dependencies between species with different successional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ziegler
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- UMR EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | - Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Brigitte Nyirambangutse
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Etienne Zibera
- Department of Biology, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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136
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Dacal M, García-Palacios P, Asensio S, Cano-Díaz C, Gozalo B, Ochoa V, Maestre FT. Contrasting mechanisms underlie short- and longer-term soil respiration responses to experimental warming in a dryland ecosystem. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5254-5266. [PMID: 32510698 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil carbon losses to the atmosphere through soil respiration are expected to rise with ongoing temperature increases, but available evidence from mesic biomes suggests that such response disappears after a few years of experimental warming. However, there is lack of empirical basis for these temporal dynamics in soil respiration responses, and for the mechanisms underlying them, in drylands, which collectively form the largest biome on Earth and store 32% of the global soil organic carbon pool. We coupled data from a 10 year warming experiment in a biocrust-dominated dryland ecosystem with laboratory incubations to confront 0-2 years (short-term hereafter) versus 8-10 years (longer-term hereafter) soil respiration responses to warming. Our results showed that increased soil respiration rates with short-term warming observed in areas with high biocrust cover returned to control levels in the longer-term. Warming-induced increases in soil temperature were the main drivers of the short-term soil respiration responses, whereas longer-term soil respiration responses to warming were primarily driven by thermal acclimation and warming-induced reductions in biocrust cover. Our results highlight the importance of evaluating short- and longer-term soil respiration responses to warming as a mean to reduce the uncertainty in predicting the soil carbon-climate feedback in drylands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dacal
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Palacios
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Asensio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Concha Cano-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gozalo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Ochoa
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramon Margalef", Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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137
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Noh NJ, Crous KY, Li J, Choury Z, Barton CVM, Arndt SK, Reich PB, Tjoelker MG, Pendall E. Does root respiration in Australian rainforest tree seedlings acclimate to experimental warming? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1192-1204. [PMID: 32348526 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant respiration can acclimate to changing environmental conditions and vary between species as well as biome types, although belowground respiration responses to ongoing climate warming are not well understood. Understanding the thermal acclimation capacity of root respiration (Rroot) in relation to increasing temperatures is therefore critical in elucidating a key uncertainty in plant function in response to warming. However, the degree of temperature acclimation of Rroot in rainforest trees and how root chemical and morphological traits are related to acclimation is unknown. Here we investigated the extent to which respiration of fine roots (≤2 mm) of four tropical and four warm-temperate rainforest tree seedlings differed in response to warmer growth temperatures (control and +6 °C), including temperature sensitivity (Q10) and the degree of acclimation of Rroot. Regardless of biome type, we found no consistent pattern in the short-term temperature responses of Rroot to elevated growth temperature: a significant reduction in the temperature response of Rroot to +6 °C treatment was only observed for a tropical species, Cryptocarya mackinnoniana, whereas the other seven species had either some stimulation or no alteration. Across species, Rroot was positively correlated with root tissue nitrogen concentration (mg g-1), while Q10 was positively correlated with root tissue density (g cm-3). Warming increased root tissue density by 20.8% but did not alter root nitrogen across species. We conclude that thermal acclimation capacity of Rroot to warming is species-specific and suggest that root tissue density is a useful predictor of Rroot and its thermal responses in rainforest tree seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Jin Noh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Forest Technology and Management Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Pochoen, Gyeonggi 11186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jinquan Li
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zineb Choury
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Craig V M Barton
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Stefan K Arndt
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Science, The University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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138
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Asao S, Hayes L, Aspinwall MJ, Rymer PD, Blackman C, Bryant CJ, Cullerne D, Egerton JJG, Fan Y, Innes P, Millar AH, Tucker J, Shah S, Wright IJ, Yvon-Durocher G, Tissue D, Atkin OK. Leaf trait variation is similar among genotypes of Eucalyptus camaldulensis from differing climates and arises in plastic responses to the seasons rather than water availability. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:780-793. [PMID: 32255508 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We used a widely distributed tree Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. camaldulensis to partition intraspecific variation in leaf functional traits to genotypic variation and phenotypic plasticity. We examined if genotypic variation is related to the climate of genotype provenance and whether phenotypic plasticity maintains performance in a changing environment. Ten genotypes from different climates were grown in a common garden under watering treatments reproducing the wettest and driest edges of the subspecies' distribution. We measured functional traits reflecting leaf metabolism and associated with growth (respiration rate, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, and leaf mass per area) and performance proxies (aboveground biomass and growth rate) each season over a year. Genotypic variation contributed substantially to the variation in aboveground biomass but much less in growth rate and leaf traits. Phenotypic plasticity was a large source of the variation in leaf traits and performance proxies and was greater among sampling dates than between watering treatments. The variation in leaf traits was weakly correlated to performance proxies, and both were unrelated to the climate of genotype provenance. Intraspecific variation in leaf traits arises similarly among genotypes in response to seasonal environmental variation, instead of long-term water availability or climate of genotype provenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Asao
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Lucy Hayes
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Michael J Aspinwall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Paul D Rymer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Chris Blackman
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Callum J Bryant
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Darren Cullerne
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John J G Egerton
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Yuzhen Fan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Peter Innes
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Josephine Tucker
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Shahen Shah
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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139
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Qu M, Essemine J, Li M, Chang S, Chang T, Chen GY, Zhu XG. Genome-Wide Association Study Unravels LRK1 as a Dark Respiration Regulator in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4930. [PMID: 32668582 PMCID: PMC7404070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiration is a major plant physiological process that generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to support the various pathways involved in the plant growth and development. After decades of focused research on basic mechanisms of respiration, the processes and major proteins involved in respiration are well elucidated. However, much less is known about the natural variation of respiration. Here we conducted a survey on the natural variation of leaf dark respiration (Rd) in a global rice minicore diversity panel and applied a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) to determine candidate loci associated with Rd. This rice minicore diversity panel consists of 206 accessions, which were grown under both growth room (GR) and field conditions. We found that Rd shows high single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability under GR and it is significantly affected by genotype-environment interactions. Rd also exhibits strong positive correlation to the leaf thickness and chlorophyll content. GWAS results of Rd collected under GR and field show an overlapped genomic region in the chromosome 3 (Chr.3), which contains a lead SNP (3m29440628). There are 12 candidate genes within this region; among them, three genes show significantly higher expression levels in accessions with high Rd. Particularly, we observed that the LRK1 gene, annotated as leucine rich repeat receptor kinase, was up-regulated four times. We further found that a single significantly associated SNPs at the promoter region of LRK1, was strongly correlated with the mean annual temperature of the regions from where minicore accessions were collected. A rice lrk1 mutant shows only ~37% Rd of that of WT and retarded growth following exposure to 35 °C for 30 days, but only 24% reduction in growth was recorded under normal temperature (25 °C). This study demonstrates a substantial natural variation of Rd in rice and that the LRK1 gene can regulate leaf dark respiratory fluxes, especially under high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingnan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jemaa Essemine
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuoqi Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Tiangen Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gen-Yun Chen
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Biology, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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140
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Sadok W, Jagadish SVK. The Hidden Costs of Nighttime Warming on Yields. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:644-651. [PMID: 32526169 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nighttime warming poses a threat to global food security as it is driving yield declines worldwide, but our understanding of the physiological basis of this phenomenon remains very limited. Furthermore, it is often assumed that such declines are driven solely by increases in nighttime temperature (TNight). Here we argue that, in addition to temperature, increases in nighttime evaporative demand may 'conspire' to penalize yields and end-use quality traits. We propose an ecophysiological framework outlining the possible mechanistic basis of such declines in yield and quality. We suggest ways to use the proposed framework as a guide to future efforts aimed at alleviating productivity losses by integrating crop ecophysiology with modeling, breeding, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Sadok
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, MN, USA.
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141
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Effects of Concentration and Temperature of Nutrient Solution on Growth and Camptothecin Accumulation of Ophiorrhiza pumila. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060793. [PMID: 32630386 PMCID: PMC7355462 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The medicinal plant, Ophiorrhiza pumila, naturally grows on the floors of humid inland forests in subtropical areas. It accumulates camptothecin (CPT), which is used as an anti-tumor agent, in all organs. We investigated the optimal hydroponic root-zone environments for growth and CPT accumulation in O. pumila in a plant factory. In experiment 1, to determine the appropriate nutrient solution concentration (NSC), O. pumila was cultivated using four concentrations (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 times) of a commercial solution for 63 days after the start of treatment (DAT). The electrical conductivity of these NSCs was 0.6, 0.9, 1.5, and 2.7 dS m−1, respectively. The total dry weights at 0.25 and 0.5 NSCs were higher than those at the other two NSCs. CPT content at 0.25 NSC was significantly higher than those at other NSCs. In experiment 2, to investigate an appropriate nutrient solution temperature (NST), O. pumila was cultivated at four NSTs (10, 20, 26, and 35 °C, named as T10, T20, T26, and T36, respectively) for 35 DAT. The growth and CPT content at T20 was the highest among the treatments. Therefore, root-zone environments of 0.25 NSC and 20 °C of NST produced the best growth and CPT accumulation in O. pumila.
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142
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Birami B, Nägele T, Gattmann M, Preisler Y, Gast A, Arneth A, Ruehr NK. Hot drought reduces the effects of elevated CO 2 on tree water-use efficiency and carbon metabolism. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1607-1621. [PMID: 32017113 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Trees are increasingly exposed to hot droughts due to CO2 -induced climate change. However, the direct role of [CO2 ] in altering tree physiological responses to drought and heat stress remains ambiguous. Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine) trees were grown from seed under ambient (421 ppm) or elevated (867 ppm) [CO2 ]. The 1.5-yr-old trees, either well watered or drought treated for 1 month, were transferred to separate gas-exchange chambers and the temperature gradually increased from 25°C to 40°C over a 10 d period. Continuous whole-tree shoot and root gas-exchange measurements were supplemented by primary metabolite analysis. Elevated [CO2 ] reduced tree water loss, reflected in lower stomatal conductance, resulting in a higher water-use efficiency throughout amplifying heat stress. Net carbon uptake declined strongly, driven by increases in respiration peaking earlier in the well-watered (31-32°C) than drought (33-34°C) treatments unaffected by growth [CO2 ]. Further, drought altered the primary metabolome, whereas the metabolic response to [CO2 ] was subtle and mainly reflected in enhanced root protein stability. The impact of elevated [CO2 ] on tree stress responses was modest and largely vanished with progressing heat and drought. We therefore conclude that increases in atmospheric [CO2 ] cannot counterbalance the impacts of hot drought extremes in Aleppo pine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Birami
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Department of Biology I, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Planegg, 82152, Germany
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Marielle Gattmann
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Yakir Preisler
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Andreas Gast
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Almut Arneth
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Nadine K Ruehr
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
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143
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Dusenge ME, Madhavji S, Way DA. Contrasting acclimation responses to elevated CO 2 and warming between an evergreen and a deciduous boreal conifer. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:3639-3657. [PMID: 32181545 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentrations may warm northern latitudes up to 8°C by the end of the century. Boreal forests play a large role in the global carbon cycle, and the responses of northern trees to climate change will thus impact the trajectory of future CO2 increases. We grew two North American boreal tree species at a range of future climate conditions to assess how growth and carbon fluxes were altered by high CO2 and warming. Black spruce (Picea mariana, an evergreen conifer) and tamarack (Larix laricina, a deciduous conifer) were grown under ambient (407 ppm) or elevated CO2 (750 ppm) and either ambient temperatures, a 4°C warming, or an 8°C warming. In both species, the thermal optimum of net photosynthesis (ToptA ) increased and maximum photosynthetic rates declined in warm-grown seedlings, but the strength of these changes varied between species. Photosynthetic capacity (maximum rates of Rubisco carboxylation, Vcmax , and of electron transport, Jmax ) was reduced in warm-grown seedlings, correlating with reductions in leaf N and chlorophyll concentrations. Warming increased the activation energy for Vcmax and Jmax (EaV and EaJ , respectively) and the thermal optimum for Jmax . In both species, the ToptA was positively correlated with both EaV and EaJ , but negatively correlated with the ratio of Jmax /Vcmax . Respiration acclimated to elevated temperatures, but there were no treatment effects on the Q10 of respiration (the increase in respiration for a 10°C increase in leaf temperature). A warming of 4°C increased biomass in tamarack, while warming reduced biomass in spruce. We show that climate change is likely to negatively affect photosynthesis and growth in black spruce more than in tamarack, and that parameters used to model photosynthesis in dynamic global vegetation models (EaV and EaJ ) show no response to elevated CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirindi E Dusenge
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sasha Madhavji
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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144
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Sabot MEB, De Kauwe MG, Pitman AJ, Medlyn BE, Verhoef A, Ukkola AM, Abramowitz G. Plant profit maximization improves predictions of European forest responses to drought. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1638-1655. [PMID: 31840249 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of how water stress impacts the carbon and water cycles is a key uncertainty in terrestrial biosphere models. We tested a new profit maximization model, where photosynthetic uptake of CO2 is optimally traded against plant hydraulic function, as an alternative to the empirical functions commonly used in models to regulate gas exchange during periods of water stress. We conducted a multi-site evaluation of this model at the ecosystem scale, before and during major droughts in Europe. Additionally, we asked whether the maximum hydraulic conductance in the soil-plant continuum kmax (a key model parameter which is not commonly measured) could be predicted from long-term site climate. Compared with a control model with an empirical soil moisture function, the profit maximization model improved the simulation of evapotranspiration during the growing season, reducing the normalized mean square error by c. 63%, across mesic and xeric sites. We also showed that kmax could be estimated from long-term climate, with improvements in the simulation of evapotranspiration at eight out of the 10 forest sites during drought. Although the generalization of this approach is contingent upon determining kmax , it presents a mechanistic trait-based alternative to regulate canopy gas exchange in global models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon E B Sabot
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes and Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Martin G De Kauwe
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes and Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Andy J Pitman
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes and Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Anne Verhoef
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, The University of Reading, PO Box 227, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Anna M Ukkola
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes and Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Gab Abramowitz
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes and Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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145
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Kramer RD, Ishii HR, Carter KR, Miyazaki Y, Cavaleri MA, Araki MG, Azuma WA, Inoue Y, Hara C. Predicting effects of climate change on productivity and persistence of forest trees. Ecol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Russell D. Kramer
- School of Environmental and Forest Science, College of the Environment University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - H. Roaki Ishii
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University Kobe Japan
| | - Kelsey R. Carter
- College of Forest Resources & Environmental Science Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan USA
- Earth and Environmental Science Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico USA
| | - Yuko Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science Okayama University Okayama Japan
| | - Molly A. Cavaleri
- College of Forest Resources & Environmental Science Michigan Technological University Houghton Michigan USA
| | - Masatake G. Araki
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Japan
| | - Wakana A. Azuma
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University Kobe Japan
| | - Yuta Inoue
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba Japan
| | - Chinatsu Hara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University Kobe Japan
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146
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Du Y, Lu R, Xia J. Impacts of global environmental change drivers on non‐structural carbohydrates in terrestrial plants. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Du
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Ruiling Lu
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Jianyang Xia
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration Research Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
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147
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Guérin M, von Arx G, Martin-Benito D, Andreu-Hayles L, Griffin KL, McDowell NG, Pockman W, Gentine P. Distinct xylem responses to acute vs prolonged drought in pine trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:605-620. [PMID: 31976523 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing dryness challenges trees' ability to maintain water transport to the leaves. Most plant hydraulics models use a static xylem response to water stress. Yet, in reality, lower soil moisture and warmer temperatures during growing seasons feed back onto xylem development. In turn, adjustments to water stress in the newly built xylem influence future physiological responses to droughts. In this study, we investigate the annual variation of anatomical traits in branch xylem in response to different soil and atmospheric moisture conditions and tree stress levels, as indicated by seasonal predawn leaf water potential (ΨL,pd). We used a 6-year field experiment in southwestern USA with three soil water treatments applied to Pinus edulis Engelm trees-ambient, drought (45% rain reduction) and irrigation (15-35% annual water addition). All trees were also subject to a natural 1-year acute drought (soil and atmospheric) that occurred during the experiment. The irrigated trees showed only moderate changes in anatomy-derived hydraulic traits compared with the ambient trees, suggesting a generally stable, well-balanced xylem structure under unstressed conditions. The artificial prolonged soil drought increased hydraulic efficiency but lowered xylem construction costs and decreased tracheid implosion safety ((t/b)2), suggesting that annual adjustments of xylem structure follow a safety-efficiency trade-off. The acute drought plunged hydraulic efficiency across all treatments. The combination of acute and prolonged drought resulted in vulnerable and inefficient new xylem, disrupting the stability of the anatomical trade-off observed in the rest of the years. The xylem hydraulic traits showed no consistent direct link to ΨL,pd. In the future, changes in seasonality of soil and atmospheric moisture are likely to have a critical impact on the ability of P. edulis to acclimate its xylem to warmer climate. Furthermore, the increasing frequency of acute droughts might reduce hydraulic resilience of P. edulis by repeatedly creating vulnerable and less efficient anatomical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marceau Guérin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Georg von Arx
- Forest Dynamics Research Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111 CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Dario Martin-Benito
- INIA, CIFOR, Ctra La Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laia Andreu-Hayles
- Tree-Ring Laboratory, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9 W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - William Pockman
- Biology Department, MSC03 202, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Earth Institute, Columbia University, Hogan Hall, 2910 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
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148
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Hernández GG, Winter K, Slot M. Similar temperature dependence of photosynthetic parameters in sun and shade leaves of three tropical tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:637-651. [PMID: 32083285 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic carbon uptake by tropical forests is of critical importance in regulating the earth's climate, but rising temperatures threaten this stabilizing influence of tropical forests. Most research on how temperature affects photosynthesis focuses on fully sun-exposed leaves, and little is known about shade leaves, even though shade leaves greatly outnumber sun leaves in lowland tropical forests. We measured temperature responses of light-saturated photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and the biochemical parameters VCMax (maximum rate of RuBP carboxylation) and JMax (maximum rate of RuBP regeneration, or electron transport) on sun and shade leaves of mature tropical trees of three species in Panama. As expected, biochemical capacities and stomatal conductance were much lower in shade than in sun leaves, leading to lower net photosynthesis rates. However, the key temperature response traits of these parameters-the optimum temperature (TOpt) and the activation energy-did not differ systematically between sun and shade leaves. Consistency in the JMax to VCMax ratio further suggested that shade leaves are not acclimated to lower temperatures. For both sun and shade leaves, stomatal conductance had the lowest temperature optimum (~25 °C), followed by net photosynthesis (~30 °C), JMax (~34 °C) and VCMax (~38 °C). Stomatal conductance of sun leaves decreased more strongly with increasing vapor pressure deficit than that of shade leaves. Consistent with this, modeled stomatal limitation of photosynthesis increased with increasing temperature in sun but not shade leaves. Collectively, these results suggest that modeling photosynthetic carbon uptake in multi-layered canopies does not require independent parameterization of the temperature responses of the biochemical controls over photosynthesis of sun and shade leaves. Nonetheless, to improve the representation of the shade fraction of carbon uptake dynamics in tropical forests, better understanding of stomatal sensitivity of shade leaves to temperature and vapor pressure deficit will be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia G Hernández
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Martijn Slot
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panama, Republic of Panama
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149
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Remote Sensing and Bio-Geochemical Modeling of Forest Carbon Storage in Spain. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12091356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study simulates annual net primary production (NPP) of forests over peninsular Spain during the years 2005–2012. The modeling strategy consists of a linked production efficiency model based on the Monteith approach and the bio-geochemical model Biome-BGC. Recently produced databases and data layers over the study area including meteorological daily series, ecophysiological parameters, and maps containing information about forest type, rooting depth, and growing stock volume (GSV), were employed. The models, which simulate forest processes assuming equilibrium conditions, were previously optimized for the study area. The production efficiency model was used to estimate daily gross primary production (GPP), while Biome-BGC was used to simulate growth (RG) and maintenance (RM) respirations. To account for actual forest conditions, GPP, RG, and RM were corrected using the ratio of the remotely-sensed derived actual to potential GSV as an indicator of the actual state of forests. The obtained results were evaluated against current annual increment observations from the Third Spanish Forest Inventory. Coefficients of determination ranged from 0.46 to 0.74 depending on the forest type. A simplified dataset was produced by applying regular increments in air temperature and reductions in precipitation to the original 2005–2012 daily series with the goal of covering the range of variation of the climate projections corresponding to the different climate change scenarios reported in the literature. The modified meteorological series were used to simulate new GPP, RG, and RM through Biome-BGC and corrected using GSV. Precipitation was confirmed as the main limiting factor in the study area. In the regions where precipitation was already a limiting factor during 2005–2012, both the increment in air temperature and the reduction in precipitation contributed to a reduction of NPP. In the regions where precipitation was not a limiting factor during 2005–2012, the increment in air temperature led to an increment of NPP. This study is therefore relevant to characterize the growth of Spanish forests both in current and expected climate conditions.
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150
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Ripley BS, Edwardes A, Rossouw MW, Smith VR, Midgley GF. Invasive grasses of sub-Antarctic Marion Island respond to increasing temperatures at the expense of chilling tolerance. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:765-773. [PMID: 31583397 PMCID: PMC7182586 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Global warming has large effects on the performance and spatial distribution of plants, and increasingly facilitates the spread of invasive species. Particularly vulnerable is the vegetation of cold environments where indigenous plants selected for cold tolerance can have reduced phenotypic plasticity and associated lower capacity to respond to warming temperatures. In contrast, invasive species can be phenotypically plastic and respond positively to climate change, but at the expense of stress tolerance. METHODS We investigate this trade-off in traits, measuring the photosynthetic response to warming, chilling tolerance and specific leaf area (SLA) of Pooid grasses. We compare this between invasive and non-invasive grasses and correlate this to their range expansions on a cold sub-Antarctic island that has warmed significantly in the past five decades. We determined whether these responses remained consistent after temperature acclimation. KEY RESULTS Invasive species responded strongly to warming, increasing photosynthetic rates by up to 2-fold, while non-invasive species did not respond. The response was associated with increased stomatal conductance, but not with modified photosynthetic metabolism. Electrolyte leakage and SLA were higher in invasive than in non-invasive species. Acclimation altered the photosynthetic response and invasive species responded to warm temperatures irrespective of acclimation, while non-invasive species responded only after acclimation to warm temperature. CONCLUSIONS Traits scaled linearly with rates of range expansion and demonstrate that under sub-Antarctic conditions, anthropogenic warming over the last 50 years may have favoured species with greater capacity to respond photosynthetically to warming to the detriment of species that cannot, and negated the advantage that chilling tolerance would have conferred on endemic species in the past. This suggests that species of cold ecosystems could be particularly vulnerable to warming as selection for stress tolerance has limited their responsiveness to environmental change, while introduced invasive species may have no such limitations. We show mechanistic evidence of the physiology that underpins an apparent trade-off between warming and chilling tolerance traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad S Ripley
- Botany Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Amy Edwardes
- Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Marius W Rossouw
- Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Valdon R Smith
- Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Guy F Midgley
- Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
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