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Arguni E, Dewi FST, Fachiroh J, Paramita DK, Lestari SK, Wiratama BS, Susilaningrum AR, Kharisma B, Meisyarah YH, Sari MP, Farahdilla ZA, Siswanto S, Sjaugi MF, Sasongko TH, Lazuardi L. Two-years antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans: A study protocol. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272690. [PMID: 35972930 PMCID: PMC9380924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term antibody response to the novel SARS-CoV-2 in infected patients and their residential neighborhood remains unknown in Indonesia. This information will provide insights into the antibody kinetics over a relatively long period as well as transmission risk factors in the community. We aim to prospectively observe and determine the kinetics of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody for 2 years after infection in relation to disease severity and to determine the risk and protective factors of SARS CoV-2 infections in the community. A cohort of RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients (case) will be prospectively followed for 2 years and will be compared to a control population. The control group comprises SARS-CoV-2 non-infected people who live within a one-kilometer radius from the corresponding case (location matching). This study will recruit at least 165 patients and 495 controls. Demographics, community variables, behavioral characteristics, and relevant clinical data will be collected. Serum samples taken at various time points will be tested for IgM anti-Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and IgG anti-Spike RBD of SARS-CoV-2 by using Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) method. The Kaplan-Meier method will be used to calculate cumulative seroconversion rates, and their association with disease severity will be estimated by logistic regression. The risk and protective factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection will be determined using conditional (matched) logistic regression and presented as an odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eggi Arguni
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sleman, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi
- Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sleman, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Health Behavior, Environment, and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jajah Fachiroh
- Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sleman, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Kartikawati Paramita
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Septi Kurnia Lestari
- Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sleman, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bayu Satria Wiratama
- Department Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Annisa Ryan Susilaningrum
- Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sleman, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bara Kharisma
- Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sleman, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yogi Hasna Meisyarah
- Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sleman, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Merlinda Permata Sari
- Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sleman, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Zakiya Ammalia Farahdilla
- Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sleman, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Siswanto Siswanto
- Universitas Gadjah Mada Academic Hospital, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Farhan Sjaugi
- Perdana University Graduate School of Medicine and Perdana University Center for Research Excellence, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teguh Haryo Sasongko
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Institute for Research, Development, and Innovation, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lutfan Lazuardi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Udaondo C, Cámara C, Miguel Berenguel L, Alcobendas Rueda R, Muñoz Gómez C, Millán Longo C, Díaz-Delgado B, Falces-Romero I, Díaz Almirón M, Ochando J, Méndez-Echevarría A, Remesal Camba A, Calvo C. Humoral and cellular immune response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine in adolescents with rheumatic diseases. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:64. [PMID: 35964130 PMCID: PMC9375068 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data about safety and efficacy of the mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in adolescents with rheumatic diseases (RD) is scarce and whether these patients generate a sufficient immune response to the vaccine remains an outstanding question. OBJECTIVE To evaluate safety and humoral and cellular immunity of the BNT162b2 vaccine in adolescents 12 to 18 years with RD and immunosuppressive treatment compared with a healthy control group. METHODS Adolescents from 12 to 18 years with RD followed at Hospital La Paz in Madrid (n = 40) receiving the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination were assessed 3 weeks after complete vaccination. Healthy adolescents served as controls (n = 24). Humoral response was measured by IgG antiSpike antibodies, and cellular response by the quantity of IFN-γ and IL-2 present in whole blood stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 Spike and M proteins. RESULTS There were no differences in spike-specific humoral or cellular response between groups (median IFN-γ response to S specific protein; 528.80 pg/ml in controls vs. 398.44 in RD patients, p 0.78, and median IL-2 response in controls: 635.68 pg/ml vs. 497.30 in RD patients, p 0.22. The most frequent diagnosis was juvenile idiopathic arthritis (26/40, 65%) followed by Lupus (6/40, 15%). 60% of cases (23/40) received TNF inhibitors and 35% (14/40) methotrexate. 40% of patients (26/64) had previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, 9 in the control group and 17 in the RD patients without differences. Of note, 70% of infections were asymptomatic. A higher IFN-γ production was found in COVID-19 recovered individuals than in naive subjects in both groups (controls: median 859 pg/ml in recovered patients vs. 450 in naïve p 0.017, and RD patients: 850 in recovered vs. 278 in naïve p 0.024). No serious adverse events or flares were reported following vaccination. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that standard of care treatment for adolescents with RD including TNF inhibitors and methotrexate did not affect the humoral and the cellular immunity to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination compared to a healthy control group. The previous contact with SARS-CoV-2 was the most relevant factor in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Udaondo
- Paediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Infantil La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
- La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Cámara
- La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Hospital La Paz, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Alcobendas Rueda
- Paediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Infantil La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Muñoz Gómez
- Paediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Infantil La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Millán Longo
- Paediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Infantil La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Díaz-Delgado
- Paediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Infantil La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iker Falces-Romero
- La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Hospital La Paz, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana Díaz Almirón
- La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
- Biostatistics, Hospital La Paz, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Ochando
- National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Méndez-Echevarría
- La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Paediatric and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital La Paz, 28046, Madrid, Spain
- Paediatric Translational Network in Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Remesal Camba
- Paediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Infantil La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Calvo
- La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research (IdiPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Paediatric and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital La Paz, 28046, Madrid, Spain
- Paediatric Translational Network in Infectious Diseases (RITIP), Madrid, Spain
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103
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SARS-CoV-2 antibody persistence after five and twelve months: A cohort study from South-Eastern Norway. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264667. [PMID: 35947589 PMCID: PMC9365168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess total antibody levels against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) spike protein up to 12 months after Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) infection in non-vaccinated individuals and the possible predictors of antibody persistence. Methods This is the first part of a prospective multi-centre cohort study. Participants The study included SARS-CoV-2 real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive and negative participants in South-Eastern Norway from February to December 2020. Possible predictors of SARS-CoV-2 total antibody persistence was assessed. The SARS-CoV-2 total antibody levels against spike protein were measured three to five months after PCR in 391 PCR-positive and 703 PCR-negative participants; 212 PCR-positive participants were included in follow-up measurements at 10 to 12 months. The participants completed a questionnaire including information about symptoms, comorbidities, allergies, body mass index (BMI), and hospitalisation. Primary outcome The SARS-CoV-2 total antibody levels against spike protein three to five and 10 to 12 months after PCR positive tests. Results SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies against spike protein were present in 366 (94%) non-vaccinated PCR-positive participants after three to five months, compared with nine (1%) PCR-negative participants. After 10 to 12 months, antibodies were present in 204 (96%) non-vaccinated PCR-positive participants. Of the PCR-positive participants, 369 (94%) were not hospitalised. The mean age of the PCR-positive participants was 48 years (SD 15, range 20–85) and 50% of them were male. BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was positively associated with decreased antibody levels (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.06 to 5.42). Participants with higher age and self-reported initial fever with chills or sweating were less likely to have decreased antibody levels (age: OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.99; fever: OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.75). Conclusion Our results indicate that the level of SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies against spike protein persists for the vast majority of non-vaccinated PCR-positive persons at least 10 to 12 months after mild COVID-19.
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104
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Eray A, Murat K, Abdullah G, Ihsan K, Royca K, Didem O, Ediz TE. Follow-up study of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response in COVID-19 patients up to 6 months after infection. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:1043-1049. [PMID: 35924461 PMCID: PMC9351702 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between lung involvement of SARS-CoV-2 and antibody levels of COVID-19 patients 3 and 6 months from the disease. Methods: A total of 156 participants were divided into two groups, Group 1: lung involvement (LI)-positive and Group 2: LI-negative. Biochemical parameters and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels were measured. Results: The results showed that mean levels of urea, LDH, CRP, ferritin, neutrophil count and D-dimer were significantly higher in the LI-positive group. In addition, mean antibody levels in the 3rd and 6th months were higher in the LI-positive group (p < 0.005). Discussion: High antibody levels in LI-positive patients correlated with some immunologic and biochemical parameters. Further studies should be performed to determine protective antibody levels against reinfection, how long protective titers last and the mechanisms by which COVID-19 symptoms, demographics and comorbidities may drive higher antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atalay Eray
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey
| | - Karamese Murat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey
| | - Gumus Abdullah
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey
| | - Kahraman Ihsan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey
| | - Kelesoglu Royca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Didem
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey
| | - Tutuncu E Ediz
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey
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105
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Iwamoto C, Lesteberg KE, Lamb MM, Calvimontes DM, Guo K, Barrett BS, Mickens KL, Duca LM, Monzon J, Chard AN, Guzman G, Barrios E, Rojop N, Arias K, Gomez M, Paiz C, Bolanos GA, Edwards KM, Zielinski Gutierrez E, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Asturias EJ, Santiago ML, Beckham JD, Olson D. High SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and Rapid Neutralizing Antibody Decline among Agricultural Workers in Rural Guatemala, June 2020-March 2021. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1160. [PMID: 35891324 PMCID: PMC9323551 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential agricultural workers work under occupational conditions that may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure and transmission. Data from an agricultural worker cohort in Guatemala, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG (anti-N IgG) testing were used to estimate past infections and analyze risk factors associated with seropositivity at enrollment and association with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The stability of neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses were assessed in a subset of participants. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) for seroprevalence at enrollment was estimated accounting for correlations within worksites. At enrollment, 616 (46.2%) of 1334 (93.2%) participants had anti-N IgG results indicating prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. A cough ≤ 10 days prior to enrollment (aRR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13−1.46) and working as a packer (aRR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.67−2.38) or packing manager within the plants (aRR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.36−2.43) were associated with increased risk of seropositivity. COVID-19 incidence density among seronegative workers was 2.3/100 Person-Years (P-Y), higher than seropositive workers (0.4/100 P-Y). Most workers with follow-up NAb testing (65/77, 84%) exhibited a 95% average decrease in NAb titers in <6 months. While participants seropositive at baseline were less likely to experience a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during follow-up, NAb titers rapidly waned, underscoring the need for multipronged COVID-19 prevention strategies in the workplace, including vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Iwamoto
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (L.M.D.); (A.N.C.); (E.A.-B.)
| | - Kelsey E. Lesteberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.E.L.); (K.G.); (B.S.B.); (K.L.M.); (M.L.S.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Molly M. Lamb
- Department of Epidemiology and Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, 13199 E. Montview Blvd, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.M.L.); (E.J.A.); (D.O.)
| | - Diva M. Calvimontes
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, FSIG, Km 30 carretera de Coatepeque a Chiquirines Caballo Blanco, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala; (D.M.C.); (G.G.); (E.B.); (N.R.); (K.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.); (G.A.B.)
- La Comisión Presidencial de Atención a la Emergencia COVID-19 (Coprecovid), Guatemala City 01010, Guatemala
| | - Kejun Guo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.E.L.); (K.G.); (B.S.B.); (K.L.M.); (M.L.S.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Bradley S. Barrett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.E.L.); (K.G.); (B.S.B.); (K.L.M.); (M.L.S.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Kaylee L. Mickens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.E.L.); (K.G.); (B.S.B.); (K.L.M.); (M.L.S.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Lindsey M. Duca
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (L.M.D.); (A.N.C.); (E.A.-B.)
| | - Jose Monzon
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Health Protection (CDC-DGHP), 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.M.); (E.Z.G.)
| | - Anna N. Chard
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (L.M.D.); (A.N.C.); (E.A.-B.)
| | - Gerber Guzman
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, FSIG, Km 30 carretera de Coatepeque a Chiquirines Caballo Blanco, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala; (D.M.C.); (G.G.); (E.B.); (N.R.); (K.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Edgar Barrios
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, FSIG, Km 30 carretera de Coatepeque a Chiquirines Caballo Blanco, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala; (D.M.C.); (G.G.); (E.B.); (N.R.); (K.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Neudy Rojop
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, FSIG, Km 30 carretera de Coatepeque a Chiquirines Caballo Blanco, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala; (D.M.C.); (G.G.); (E.B.); (N.R.); (K.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Kareen Arias
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, FSIG, Km 30 carretera de Coatepeque a Chiquirines Caballo Blanco, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala; (D.M.C.); (G.G.); (E.B.); (N.R.); (K.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Melissa Gomez
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, FSIG, Km 30 carretera de Coatepeque a Chiquirines Caballo Blanco, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala; (D.M.C.); (G.G.); (E.B.); (N.R.); (K.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Claudia Paiz
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, FSIG, Km 30 carretera de Coatepeque a Chiquirines Caballo Blanco, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala; (D.M.C.); (G.G.); (E.B.); (N.R.); (K.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Guillermo Antonio Bolanos
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, FSIG, Km 30 carretera de Coatepeque a Chiquirines Caballo Blanco, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala; (D.M.C.); (G.G.); (E.B.); (N.R.); (K.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Kathryn M. Edwards
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2200 Children’s Way, 6th Floor, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Emily Zielinski Gutierrez
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Health Protection (CDC-DGHP), 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (J.M.); (E.Z.G.)
| | - Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (L.M.D.); (A.N.C.); (E.A.-B.)
| | - Edwin J. Asturias
- Department of Epidemiology and Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, 13199 E. Montview Blvd, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.M.L.); (E.J.A.); (D.O.)
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, FSIG, Km 30 carretera de Coatepeque a Chiquirines Caballo Blanco, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala; (D.M.C.); (G.G.); (E.B.); (N.R.); (K.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.); (G.A.B.)
- La Comisión Presidencial de Atención a la Emergencia COVID-19 (Coprecovid), Guatemala City 01010, Guatemala
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mario L. Santiago
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.E.L.); (K.G.); (B.S.B.); (K.L.M.); (M.L.S.); (J.D.B.)
| | - J. David Beckham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.E.L.); (K.G.); (B.S.B.); (K.L.M.); (M.L.S.); (J.D.B.)
| | - Daniel Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, 13199 E. Montview Blvd, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.M.L.); (E.J.A.); (D.O.)
- Center for Human Development, Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, FSIG, Km 30 carretera de Coatepeque a Chiquirines Caballo Blanco, Retalhuleu 11010, Guatemala; (D.M.C.); (G.G.); (E.B.); (N.R.); (K.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.); (G.A.B.)
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Kinetics of anti-nucleocapsid IgG response in COVID-19 immunocompetent convalescent patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12403. [PMID: 35859108 PMCID: PMC9297274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehension of a long-term humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 can shed light on the treatment and vaccination strategies of COVID-19 disease, improving the knowledge about this virus infection and/or re-infection. We assessed the IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein (anti-SARS-CoV-2 (N) IgG) in 1441 COVID-19 convalescent patients within 15 months longitudinal study from middle-developed country. The main inclusion criteria was positive RT– PCR result on nasopharyngeal swab samples at least one month before antibody testing and absence of any induced or inherited immunodeficiency. 92.7% of convalescent patients’ serum contained anti-SARS-CoV-2 (N) IgG and only 1.3% of patients had a delayed antibody response. In the majority of convalescent patients’ the durability of antibodies lasted more than one year. The kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 (N) IgG took a bell-shaped character—increased first 25–30 weeks, then started to decrease, but were still detectable for more than 15 months. We found that on the one hand anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral response level correlates with disease severity, on the other, in particular, the level of peak antibodies correlates with age—older patients develop more robust humoral response regardless of sex, disease severity and BMI.
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107
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Kared H, Wolf AS, Alirezaylavasani A, Ravussin A, Solum G, Tran TT, Lund-Johansen F, Vaage JT, Nissen-Meyer LS, Nygaard UC, Hungnes O, Robertson AH, Næss LM, Trogstad L, Magnus P, Munthe LA, Mjaaland S. Immune responses in Omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in vaccinated adults. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4165. [PMID: 35851055 PMCID: PMC9293966 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has more than 15 mutations in the receptor binding domain of the Spike protein enabling increased transmissibility and viral escape from antibodies in vaccinated individuals. It is unclear how vaccine immunity protects against Omicron infection. Here we show that vaccinated participants at a super-spreader event have robust recall response of humoral and pre-existing cellular immunity induced by the vaccines, and an emergent de novo T cell response to non-Spike antigens. Individuals with Omicron SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections have significantly increased activated SARS-CoV-2 wild type Spike-specific cytotoxic T cells, activated follicular helper (TFH) cells, functional T cell responses, boosted humoral responses, and rapid release of Spike and RBD-specific IgG+ B cell plasmablasts and memory B cells into circulation. Omicron breakthrough infection affords significantly increased de novo memory T cell responses to non-Spike viral antigens. Concerted T and B cell responses may provide durable and broad immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassen Kared
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancy, Institute of Clinical medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Asia-Sophia Wolf
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amin Alirezaylavasani
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancy, Institute of Clinical medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anthony Ravussin
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guri Solum
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trung The Tran
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Lund-Johansen
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- ImmunoLingo Convergence Center, Institute of Clinical medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Unni C Nygaard
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav Hungnes
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna H Robertson
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Meyer Næss
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lill Trogstad
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Magnus
- Center for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig A Munthe
- KG Jebsen Centre for B cell malignancy, Institute of Clinical medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Siri Mjaaland
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Batchi-Bouyou AL, Djontu JC, Vouvoungui JC, Mfoutou Mapanguy CC, Lobaloba Ingoba L, Mougany JS, Boumpoutou KR, Diafouka-kietela S, Ampa R, Ntoumi F. Assessment of neutralizing antibody responses after natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in congolese individuals. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:610. [PMID: 35831798 PMCID: PMC9277981 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing immune responses after vaccination is part of the evaluation package of vaccine effectiveness in the real world. Regarding SARS-CoV-2, neutralizing antibody levels has been shown to be a good indicator of antibody immune response boosting. So far, limited data have been reported from Africa including in Central Africa. The objective of this study was to provide data on anti-S1 spike total IgG and neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated and non-vaccinated including naturally infected Congolese population during B.1.214.1 and B.1.617.2 variant waves. METHODS Recruited patients were divided into 4 groups: (1) Naturally infected by the B.1.214.1 variant on January 2021 and followed up until September 2021. These patients have been vaccinated at month 07 and then followed up for 2 months post vaccination; (2) Naturally infected by the B.1.617.2 variant from June 2021; (3) unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 individuals with no history of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection; (4) fully vaccinated individuals with sinopharm/BBIP-CorV or Janssen/Ad26.COV2.S. SARS-CoV-2 was detected by qRT-PCR and sequenced using Next-Generation Sequencing. ELISA method was used for detecting IgG, and neutralizing Antibody against SARS-CoV-2 antigens using commercial neutralizing assay. RESULTS Individuals infected by the B.1214.1 variant elicited consistently high IgG titers at 02, 03 and 06 months. Two months post vaccination with BBIP-CorV, participants showed a significant increase by × 2.5 fold (p < 0.0001) of total IgG and X1.5 fold for neutralizing antibody capacity. This study showed that natural infection with B1.617.2 (delta) variant was more immunogenic compared to those being infected with B1.214.2 variant. We found a significantly higher concentration in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (p < 0.0002) and antibodies neutralization capacity (P < 0.0001) in fully vaccinated compared to unvaccinated participants. Two months post vaccination, individuals who received Janssen/Ad26.COV2.S presented higher (p = 0.01) total IgG to spike protein compared to BBIP-CorV. CONCLUSION Both natural infection and vaccination with BBIP-CorV and Janssen/Ad26.COV2.S induced antibody response in Congolese population. In addition, Janssen/Ad26.COV2.S was more immunogenic than Sinopharm/BBIP-CorV. There is a need to investigate the duration of these antibodies both in previously infected and naive vaccinated Congolese to allow public heath stakeholders to make evidence-based decision on vaccine schedule for the Congolese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armel Landry Batchi-Bouyou
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Villa D6, Campus OMS, Djoué, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Jean Claude Djontu
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Villa D6, Campus OMS, Djoué, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | | | - Claujens Chastel Mfoutou Mapanguy
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Villa D6, Campus OMS, Djoué, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Line Lobaloba Ingoba
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Villa D6, Campus OMS, Djoué, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Jiré Séphora Mougany
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Villa D6, Campus OMS, Djoué, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Kamal Rauchelvy Boumpoutou
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Villa D6, Campus OMS, Djoué, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Steve Diafouka-kietela
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Villa D6, Campus OMS, Djoué, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Raoul Ampa
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Villa D6, Campus OMS, Djoué, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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109
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da Silva ES, Kohnen M, Gilson G, Staub T, Arendt V, Hilger C, Servais JY, Charpentier E, Domingues O, Snoeck CJ, Ollert M, Seguin-Devaux C, Perez-Bercoff D. Pre-Omicron Vaccine Breakthrough Infection Induces Superior Cross-Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Compared to Infection Alone. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7675. [PMID: 35887023 PMCID: PMC9320437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants raise concern because of their high transmissibility and their ability to evade neutralizing antibodies elicited by prior infection or by vaccination. Here, we compared the neutralizing abilities of sera from 70 unvaccinated COVID-19 patients infected before the emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) and of 16 vaccine breakthrough infection (BTI) cases infected with Gamma or Delta against the ancestral B.1 strain, the Gamma, Delta and Omicron BA.1 VOCs using live virus. We further determined antibody levels against the Nucleocapsid (N) and full Spike proteins, the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the Spike protein. Convalescent sera featured considerable variability in the neutralization of B.1 and in the cross-neutralization of different strains. Their neutralizing capacity moderately correlated with antibody levels against the Spike protein and the RBD. All but one convalescent serum failed to neutralize Omicron BA.1. Overall, convalescent sera from patients with moderate disease had higher antibody levels and displayed a higher neutralizing ability against all strains than patients with mild or severe forms of the disease. The sera from BTI cases fell into one of two categories: half the sera had a high neutralizing activity against the ancestral B.1 strain as well as against the infecting strain, while the other half had no or a very low neutralizing activity against all strains. Although antibody levels against the spike protein and the RBD were lower in BTI sera than in unvaccinated convalescent sera, most neutralizing sera also retained partial neutralizing activity against Omicron BA.1, suggestive of a better cross-neutralization and higher affinity of vaccine-elicited antibodies over virus-induced antibodies. Accordingly, the IC50: antibody level ratios were comparable for BTI and convalescent sera, but remained lower in the neutralizing convalescent sera from patients with moderate disease than in BTI sera. The neutralizing activity of BTI sera was strongly correlated with antibodies against the Spike protein and the RBD. Together, these findings highlight qualitative differences in antibody responses elicited by infection in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. They further indicate that breakthrough infection with a pre-Omicron variant boosts immunity and induces cross-neutralizing antibodies against different strains, including Omicron BA.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Santos da Silva
- HIV Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.S.d.S.); (J.-Y.S.); (C.S.-D.)
| | - Michel Kohnen
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 4 rue Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (M.K.); (G.G.); (T.S.); (V.A.)
| | - Georges Gilson
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 4 rue Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (M.K.); (G.G.); (T.S.); (V.A.)
| | - Therese Staub
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 4 rue Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (M.K.); (G.G.); (T.S.); (V.A.)
| | - Victor Arendt
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 4 rue Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (M.K.); (G.G.); (T.S.); (V.A.)
| | - Christiane Hilger
- Molecular and Translational Allergology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
| | - Jean-Yves Servais
- HIV Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.S.d.S.); (J.-Y.S.); (C.S.-D.)
| | - Emilie Charpentier
- Clinical and Applied Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.C.); (C.J.S.)
| | - Olivia Domingues
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (O.D.); (M.O.)
| | - Chantal J. Snoeck
- Clinical and Applied Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.C.); (C.J.S.)
| | - Markus Ollert
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (O.D.); (M.O.)
| | - Carole Seguin-Devaux
- HIV Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.S.d.S.); (J.-Y.S.); (C.S.-D.)
| | - Danielle Perez-Bercoff
- HIV Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.S.d.S.); (J.-Y.S.); (C.S.-D.)
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Mahallawi W, Ibrahim N. Unexpected Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Before the Declaration of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:923715. [PMID: 35899210 PMCID: PMC9309723 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.923715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Limited information is currently available regarding the global incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections prior to the declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which may result in improper conclusions regarding the timing of viral transmission. Methods We investigated the presence of specific antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 in archived serum samples that were collected from 478 healthy blood donors and patients in Madinah, Saudi Arabia, between October 2019 and January 2020. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies. In addition, rheumatoid factor (RF) and urea dissociation tests were performed in all samples, which showed seropositivity for the SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody. Additionally, Chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA) targeting the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein were performed to confirm the seropositivity of the samples. Results Overall, 20 (4.18%) serum samples were detected by ELISA to have SARS-CoV-2 IgG or IgM antibodies. Of these, 12 (2.51%) samples were positive for IgM antibody, and 8 (1.67%) were positive for IgG antibody. The 12 samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody were subjected to RF and urea dissociation tests, and all samples were RF-negative. The ELISA results were negative for 7 (58.33%) samples when subjected to urea dissociation prior to ELISA, whereas the other 5 (41.67%) samples remained positive. These 5 samples remained positive for the anti-S RBD IgG antibody in the CLIA. In addition, 3 of the 8 samples with IgG positivity according to the ELISA remained positive in the CLIA. After reviewing their data, we discovered that the 8 CLIA-confirmed positive samples were obtained from returned travellers who had visited China during the 4-week period immediately preceding blood donation. Conclusion In conclusion, we found evidence to support the early circulation of SARS-CoV-2 among persons who visited China a few months prior to the pandemic declaration. These results can be used to better define the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections before the COVID-19 pandemic declaration. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in individuals before the pandemic was declared in China could rewrite the pre-pandemic timeline.
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A third vaccination with a single T cell epitope confers protection in a murine model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3966. [PMID: 35803932 PMCID: PMC9267705 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms and impact of booster vaccinations are essential in the design and delivery of vaccination programs. Here we show that a three dose regimen of a synthetic peptide vaccine elicits an accruing CD8+ T cell response against one SARS-CoV-2 Spike epitope. We see protection against lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the K18-hACE2 transgenic mouse model in the absence of neutralizing antibodies, but two dose approaches are insufficient to confer protection. The third vaccine dose of the single T cell epitope peptide results in superior generation of effector-memory T cells and tissue-resident memory T cells, and these tertiary vaccine-specific CD8+ T cells are characterized by enhanced polyfunctional cytokine production. Moreover, fate mapping shows that a substantial fraction of the tertiary CD8+ effector-memory T cells develop from re-migrated tissue-resident memory T cells. Thus, repeated booster vaccinations quantitatively and qualitatively improve the CD8+ T cell response leading to protection against otherwise lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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112
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Mishra AR, Nayak D, Byrareddy SN. Are we moving toward ending SARS-CoV-2? J Med Virol 2022; 94:2921-2924. [PMID: 35288953 PMCID: PMC9088646 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag R. Mishra
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology IndoreIndoreMadhya PradeshIndia
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and ResearchBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental NeuroscienceUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and AnatomyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
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Kostin NN, Bobik TV, Skryabin GA, Simonova MA, Knorre VD, Abrikosova VA, Mokrushina YA, Smirnov IV, Aleshenko NL, Kruglova NA, Mazurov DV, Nikitin AE, Gabibov AG. An ELISA Platform for the Quantitative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-neutralizing Antibodies As an Alternative to Monitoring of the Virus-Neutralizing Activity. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:109-119. [PMID: 36348715 PMCID: PMC9611858 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of the level of the virus-neutralizing activity of serum immunoglobulins ensures that one can reliably assess the effectiveness of any protection against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. For SARS-CoV-2, the RBD-ACE2 neutralizing activity of sera is almost equivalent to the virus-neutralizing activity of their antibodies and can be used to assess the level of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. We are proposing an ELISA platform for performing a quantitative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-neutralizing antibodies, as an alternative to the monitoring of the virus-neutralizing activity using pseudovirus or "live" virus assays. The advantage of the developed platform is that it can be adapted to newly emerging virus variants in a very short time (1-2 weeks) and, thereby, provide quantitative data on the activity of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-neutralizing antibodies. The developed platform can be used to (1) study herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2, (2) monitor the effectiveness of the vaccination drive (revaccination) in a population, and (3) select potential donors of immune plasma. The protective properties of the humoral immune response in hospitalized patients and outpatients, as well as after prophylaxis with the two most popular SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in Russia, were studied in detail using this platform. The highest RBD-neutralizing activity was observed in the group of hospitalized patients. The protective effect in the group of individuals vaccinated with Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine was 25% higher than that in outpatients and almost four times higher than that in individuals vaccinated with the CoviVac vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. N. Kostin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - T. V. Bobik
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - G. A. Skryabin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - M. A. Simonova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - V. D. Knorre
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - V. A. Abrikosova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - Y. A. Mokrushina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - I. V. Smirnov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - N. L. Aleshenko
- Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117593 Russia
| | - N. A. Kruglova
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - D. V. Mazurov
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - A. E. Nikitin
- Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117593 Russia
| | - A. G. Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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Bordino V, Marengo N, Garlasco J, Cornio AR, Meddis D, Ditommaso S, Giacomuzzi M, Memoli G, Gianino MM, Vicentini C, Zotti CM. A cross-sectional study of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among healthcare workers and residents of long-term facilities in Italy, January 2021. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3054-3062. [PMID: 35212416 PMCID: PMC9088524 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are high-risk settings for SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aimed to describe SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among residents of LTCFs and health-care workers (HCWs). Subjects were recruited in January 2021 among unvaccinated HCWs of LTCFs and hospitals and residents of LTCFs in Northern Italy. Information concerning previous SARS-CoV-2 infections and a sample of peripheral blood were collected. Anti-S SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were measured using the EUROIMMUN Anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac ELISA kit (EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG). For subjects with previous COVID-19 infection, gender, age, type of subject (HCW or resident), and time between last positive swab and blood draw were considered as possible determinants of two outcomes: the probability to obtain a positive serological result and antibody titer. Six hundred and fifty-eight subjects were enrolled. 56.1% of all subjects and 65% of residents presented positive results (overall median antibody titer: 31.0 RU/ml). Multivariable models identified a statistically significant 4% decrease in the estimated antibody level for each 30-day increase from the last positive swab. HCWs were associated with significant odds for seroreversion over time (OR: 0.926 for every 30 days, 95% CI: 0.860-0.998), contrary to residents (OR: 1.059, 95% CI: 0.919-1.22). Age and gender were not factors predicting seropositivity over time. Residents could have a higher probability of maintaining a seropositive status over time compared to HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Bordino
- Department of Public Health and PaediatricsUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Noemi Marengo
- Department of Public Health and PaediatricsUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Jacopo Garlasco
- Department of Public Health and PaediatricsUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | | | - Davide Meddis
- Department of Public Health and PaediatricsUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Savina Ditommaso
- Department of Public Health and PaediatricsUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Monica Giacomuzzi
- Department of Public Health and PaediatricsUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Gabriele Memoli
- Department of Public Health and PaediatricsUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | | | - Costanza Vicentini
- Department of Public Health and PaediatricsUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Carla Maria Zotti
- Department of Public Health and PaediatricsUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
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Alhaddad F, Abdulkareem A, Alsharrah D, Alkandari A, Bin-Hasan S, Al-Ahmad M, Al Hashemi H, Alghounaim M. Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in a paediatric cohort in Kuwait. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056371. [PMID: 35768102 PMCID: PMC9240452 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subsequent protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection in paediatrics is not well reported in the literature. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 PCR repositivity in children. DESIGN This is a population-level retrospective cohort study. SETTING Patients were identified through multiple national-level electronic COVID-19 databases that cover all primary, secondary and tertiary centres in Kuwait. PARTICIPANTS The study included children 12 years and younger between 28 February 2020 and 6 March 2021. SARS-CoV-2 reinfection was defined as having two or more positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests done on a respiratory sample, at least 45 days apart. Clinical data were obtained from the Pediatric COVID-19 Registry in Kuwait. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary measure is to estimate SARS-CoV-2 PCR repositivity rate. The secondary objective was to establish average duration between first and subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Descriptive statistics were used to present clinical data for each infection episode. Also, incidence-sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate 60-day and 90-day PCR repositivity intervals. RESULTS Thirty paediatric patients with COVID-19 had SARS-CoV-2 reinfection at an incidence of 1.02 (95% CI 0.71 to 1.45) infection per 100 000 person-days and a median time to reinfection of 83 (IQR 62-128.75) days. The incidence of reinfection decreased to 0.78 (95% CI 0.52 to 1.17) and 0.47 (95% CI 0.28 to 0.79) per person-day when the minimum interval between PCR repositivity was increased to 60 and 90 days, respectively. The mean age of reinfected subjects was 8.5 (IQR 3.7-10.3) years and the majority (70%) were girls. Most children (55.2%) had asymptomatic reinfection. Fever was the most common presentation in symptomatic patients. One immunocompromised experienced two reinfection episodes. CONCLUSION SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is uncommon in children. Previous confirmed COVID-19 in children seems to result in a milder reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Abdulkareem
- Department of Pediatrics, Farwaniya Hospital, Farwaniya, Kuwait
| | - Danah Alsharrah
- Department of Pediatrics, Farwaniya Hospital, Farwaniya, Kuwait
| | - Abdullah Alkandari
- Department of Population Health, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Saadoun Bin-Hasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Farwaniya Hospital, Farwaniya, Kuwait
- Department of Population Health, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mona Al-Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Kuwait University Faculty of Medicine, Safat, Al Asimah, Kuwait
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Ding J, Liu C, Wang Z, Guo H, Zhang K, Ma L, Wang B, Zhao H, Song M, Guan X. Characteristics and Prognosis of Antibody Non-responders With Coronavirus Disease 2019. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:813820. [PMID: 35795627 PMCID: PMC9251059 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.813820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been spreading globally. Information regarding the characteristics and prognosis of antibody non-responders to COVID-19 is limited. Methods In this retrospective, single-center study, we included all patients with confirmed COVID-19 using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) admitted to the Fire God Mountain hospital from February 3, 2020, to April 14, 2020. A total of 1,921 patients were divided into the antibody-negative (n = 94) and antibody-positive (n = 1,827) groups, and 1:1 propensity score matching was used to match the two groups. Results In the antibody-negative group, 40 patients (42.6%) were men, and 49 (52.1%) were older than 65 years. Cough was the most common symptom in the antibody negative group. White blood cell counts, neutrophils, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, urea nitrogen, and creatinine were significantly higher in the antibody-negative patients than in the antibody-positive group (P < 0.005). The number of days of nucleic acid-negative conversion in the antibody-negative group was shorter than that in the antibody-positive group (P < 0.001). The hospitalization time of the antibody-negative patients was shorter than that of the antibody-positive patients (P < 0.001). Conclusion Some COVID-19 patients without specific antibodies had mild symptoms; however, the inflammatory reaction caused by innate clinical immunity was more intense than those associated with antibodies. Non-specific immune responses played an essential role in virus clearance. There was no direct correlation between excessive inflammatory response and adverse outcomes in patients. The risk of reinfection and vaccination strategies for antibody-negative patients need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Ding
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changxin Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manya Song
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xizhou Guan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xizhou Guan
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Poh XY, Lee IR, Lim C, Teo J, Rao S, Chia PY, Ong SWX, Lee TH, Lin RJH, Ng LFP, Ren EC, Lin RTP, Wang LF, Renia L, Lye DC, Young BE. Evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of different COVID-19 vaccine combinations in healthy individuals: study protocol for a randomized, subject-blinded, controlled phase 3 trial [PRIBIVAC]. Trials 2022; 23:498. [PMID: 35710572 PMCID: PMC9201789 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 2021, COVID-19 vaccination programs worldwide focused on raising population immunity through the primary COVID-19 vaccine series. In Singapore, two mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) and the inactivated vaccine CoronaVac are currently authorized under the National Vaccination Programme for use as the primary vaccination series. More than 90% of the Singapore population has received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine as of December 2021. With the demonstration that vaccine effectiveness wanes in the months after vaccination, and the emergence of Omicron which evades host immunity from prior infection and/or vaccination, attention in many countries has shifted to how best to maintain immunity through booster vaccinations. METHODS The objectives of this phase 3, randomized, subject-blinded, controlled clinical trial are to assess the safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boost COVID-19 vaccine regimens (intervention groups 1-4) compared with a homologous boost regimen (control arm) in up to 600 adult volunteers. As non-mRNA vaccine candidates may enter the study at different time points depending on vaccine availability and local regulatory approval, participants will be randomized at equal probability to the available intervention arms at the time of randomization. Eligible participants will have received two doses of a homologous mRNA vaccine series with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 at least 6 months prior to enrolment. Participants will be excluded if they have a history of confirmed SARS or SARS-CoV-2 infection, are immunocompromised, or are pregnant. Participants will be monitored for adverse events and serious adverse events by physical examinations, laboratory tests and self-reporting. Blood samples will be collected at serial time points [pre-vaccination/screening (day - 14 to day 0), day 7, day 28, day 180, day 360 post-vaccination] for assessment of antibody and cellular immune parameters. Primary endpoint is the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobulins at day 28 post-booster and will be measured against wildtype SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. Comprehensive immune profiling of the humoral and cellular immune response to vaccination will be performed. DISCUSSION This study will provide necessary data to understand the quantity, quality, and persistence of the immune response to a homologous and heterologous third booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines. This is an important step in developing COVID-19 vaccination programs beyond the primary series. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05142319 . Registered on 2 Dec 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ying Poh
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - I Russel Lee
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clarissa Lim
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jefanie Teo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suma Rao
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Po Ying Chia
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sean W X Ong
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tau Hong Lee
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ray J H Lin
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Lab, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee Chee Ren
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Lab, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Chien Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barnaby E Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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Prasithsirikul W, Nopsopon T, Phutrakool P, Suwanwattana P, Kantagowit P, Pongpirul W, Jongkaewwattana A, Pongpirul K. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Immunogenicity and Immunological Response Following COVID-19 Infection in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060959. [PMID: 35746567 PMCID: PMC9230560 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving hemodialysis (HD) were found to have a decreased immune response following mRNA COVID-19 immunization. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 was a promising COVID-19 vaccine that performed well in the general population, but the evidence on immunogenicity in ESRD with HD patients was limited. Moreover, the immunological response to COVID-19 infection was inconclusive in patients with ESRD and HD. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination and the immunological response after COVID-19 infection in ESRD patients with HD. The blood samples were obtained at baseline, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up after each shot or recovery. All participants were measured for anti-spike IgG by the ELISA method, using Euroimmun. This study found a significant increase in anti-spike IgG after 1 month of two-shot ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination, followed by a significant decrease after 3 months. On the other hand, the anti-spike IgG was maintained in the post-recovery group. There was no significant difference in the change of anti-spike IgG between the one-shot ChAdOx1 nCoV-19-vaccinated and post-recovery groups for both 1-month and 3-month follow-ups. The seroconversion rate for the vaccinated group was 60.32% at 1 month after one-shot vaccination and slightly dropped to 58.73% at the 3-month follow-up, then was 92.06% at 1 month after two-shot vaccination and reduced to 82.26% at the 3-month follow-up. For the recovered group, the seroconversion rate was 95.65% at 1 month post-recovery and 92.50% at 3-month follow-up. This study demonstrated the immunogenicity of two-dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in ESRD patients with HD for humoral immunity. After COVID-19 infection, the humoral immune response was strong and could be maintained for at least three months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisit Prasithsirikul
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (W.P.); (P.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Tanawin Nopsopon
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.K.)
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (K.P.)
| | - Phanupong Phutrakool
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.K.)
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pawita Suwanwattana
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (W.P.); (P.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Piyawat Kantagowit
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.K.)
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wannarat Pongpirul
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; (W.P.); (P.S.); (W.P.)
| | - Anan Jongkaewwattana
- National Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Krit Pongpirul
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (P.P.); (P.K.)
- School of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Correspondence: (T.N.); (K.P.)
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Vedhara K, Ayling K, Jia R, Fairclough L, Morling JR, Ball JK, Knight H, Blake H, Corner J, Denning C, Bolton K, Jackson H, Coupland C, Tighe P. Relationship Between Anxiety, Depression, and Susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: Proof of Concept. J Infect Dis 2022; 225:2137-2141. [PMID: 35022740 PMCID: PMC8807218 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological factors can influence susceptibility to viral infections. We examined whether such influences are evident in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. METHODS Participants (n = 102) completed measures of anxiety, depression, positive mood, and loneliness and provided a blood sample for the measurement of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 was significantly negatively associated with anxiety and depression. The model remained significant after adjustment for age and gender, although anxiety and depression were no longer significant independent predictors. CONCLUSIONS These findings offer early support for the hypothesis that psychological factors may influence susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Vedhara
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Ayling
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ru Jia
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Fairclough
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne R Morling
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan K Ball
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Knight
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Blake
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Corner
- University Executive Board, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Denning
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Bolton
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Jackson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Coupland
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Tighe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Yang LM, Costales C, Ramanathan M, Bulterys PL, Murugesan K, Schroers-Martin J, Alizadeh AA, Boyd SD, Brown JM, Nadeau KC, Nadimpalli SS, Wang AX, Busque S, Pinsky BA, Banaei N. Cellular and humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and booster dose in immunosuppressed patients: An observational cohort study. J Clin Virol 2022; 153:105217. [PMID: 35714462 PMCID: PMC9188451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among immunosuppressed patients remain poorly defined, as well as variables associated with poor response. METHODS We performed a retrospective observational cohort study at a large Northern California healthcare system of infection-naïve individuals fully vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, or Ad26.COV2.S) with clinical SARS-CoV-2 interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) ordered between January through November 2021. Humoral and cellular immune responses were measured by anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG ELISA (anti-S1 IgG) and IGRA, respectively, following primary and/or booster vaccination. RESULTS 496 immunosuppressed patients (54% female; median age 50 years) were included. 62% (261/419) of patients had positive anti-S1 IgG and 71% (277/389) had positive IGRA after primary vaccination, with 20% of patients having a positive IGRA only. Following booster, 69% (81/118) had positive anti-S1 IgG and 73% (91/124) had positive IGRA. Factors associated with low humoral response rates after primary vaccination included anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (P < 0.001), sphingosine 1-phsophate (S1P) receptor modulators (P < 0.001), mycophenolate (P = 0.002), and B cell lymphoma (P = 0.004); those associated with low cellular response rates included S1P receptor modulators (P < 0.001) and mycophenolate (P < 0.001). Of patients who had poor humoral response to primary vaccination, 35% (18/52) developed a significantly higher response after the booster. Only 5% (2/42) of patients developed a significantly higher cellular response to the booster dose compared to primary vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Humoral and cellular response rates to primary and booster SARS-CoV-2 vaccination differ among immunosuppressed patient groups. Clinical testing of cellular immunity is important in monitoring vaccine response in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu M Yang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America
| | - Cristina Costales
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America
| | - Muthukumar Ramanathan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America
| | - Philip L Bulterys
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America
| | - Kanagavel Murugesan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America
| | - Joseph Schroers-Martin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America
| | - Ash A Alizadeh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America
| | - Janice M Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America
| | - Sruti S Nadimpalli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305 United States of America
| | - Aileen X Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America
| | - Stephan Busque
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America
| | - Benjamin A Pinsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America
| | - Niaz Banaei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 United States of America; Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA 94304 United States of America.
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121
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Busch MP, Stramer SL, Stone M, Yu EA, Grebe E, Notari E, Saa P, Ferg R, Manrique IM, Weil N, Fink RV, Levy M, Green V, Cyrus S, Williamson PC, Haynes J, Groves J, Krysztof D, Custer B, Kleinman S, Biggerstaff BJ, Opsomer JD, Jones JM. Population-Weighted Seroprevalence From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection, Vaccination, and Hybrid Immunity Among US Blood Donations From January to December 2021. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:S254-S263. [PMID: 35684973 PMCID: PMC9214177 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, independently and combined ("hybrid immunity"), result in partial protection from subsequent infection and strong protection from severe disease. Proportions of the US population who have been infected, vaccinated, or have hybrid immunity remain unclear, posing a challenge for assessing effective pandemic mitigation strategies. METHODS In this serial cross-sectional study, nationwide blood donor specimens collected during January-December 2021 were tested for anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies, and donor COVID-19 vaccination history of ≥1 dose was collected. Monthly seroprevalence induced from SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination, or both, were estimated. Estimates were weighted to account for demographic differences from the general population and were compared temporally and by demographic factors. RESULTS Overall, 1 123 855 blood samples were assayed. From January to December 2021, the weighted percentage of donations with seropositivity changed as follows: seropositivity due to vaccination without previous infection, increase from 3.5% (95% confidence interval, 3.4%-3.7%) to 64.0%, (63.5%-64.5%); seropositivity due to previous infection without vaccination, decrease from 15.6% (15.2%-16.0%) to 11.7% (11.4%-12.0%); and seropositivity due to hybrid immunity, increase from 0.7% (0.6%-0.7%) to 18.9% (18.5%-19.3%). Combined seroprevalence from infection, vaccination, or both increased from 19.8% (19.3%-20.2%) to 94.5% (93.5%-94.0%). Infection- and vaccination-induced antibody responses varied significantly by age, race-ethnicity, and region, but not by sex. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate substantial increases in population humoral immunity from SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 vaccination, and hybrid immunity during 2021. These findings are important to consider in future COVID-19 studies and long-term pandemic mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Busch
- Corresponding authors Michael P. Busch, MD. PhD Vitalant Research Institute 270 Masonic Avenue San Francisco, CA 94118
| | - Susan L. Stramer
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg and Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elaine A. Yu
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eduard Grebe
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Edward Notari
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg and Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Paula Saa
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg and Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James Haynes
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg and Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamel Groves
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg and Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - David Krysztof
- American Red Cross, Scientific Affairs, Gaithersburg and Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Custer
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steve Kleinman
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
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Lavezzo E, Pacenti M, Manuto L, Boldrin C, Cattai M, Grazioli M, Bianca F, Sartori M, Caldart F, Castelli G, Nicoletti M, Nieddu E, Salvadoretti E, Labella B, Fava L, Vanuzzo MC, Lisi V, Antonello M, Grimaldi CI, Zulian C, Del Vecchio C, Plebani M, Padoan A, Cirillo DM, Brazzale AR, Tonon G, Toppo S, Dorigatti I, Crisanti A. Neutralising reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants by vaccination and infection history. Genome Med 2022; 14:61. [PMID: 35689243 PMCID: PMC9185135 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) with immune escape properties, such as Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529), questions the extent of the antibody-mediated protection against the virus. Here we investigated the long-term antibody persistence in previously infected subjects and the extent of the antibody-mediated protection against B.1, B.1.617.2 and BA.1 variants in unvaccinated subjects previously infected, vaccinated naïve and vaccinated previously infected subjects. METHODS Blood samples collected 15 months post-infection from unvaccinated (n=35) and vaccinated (n=41) previously infected subjects (Vo' cohort) were tested for the presence of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens using the Abbott, DiaSorin, and Roche immunoassays. The serum neutralising reactivity was assessed against B.1, B.1.617.2 (Delta), and BA.1 (Omicron) SARS-CoV-2 strains through micro-neutralisation. The antibody titres were compared to those from previous timepoints, performed at 2- and 9-months post-infection on the same individuals. Two groups of naïve subjects were used as controls, one from the same cohort (unvaccinated n=29 and vaccinated n=20) and a group of vaccinated naïve healthcare workers (n=61). RESULTS We report on the results of the third serosurvey run in the Vo' cohort. With respect to the 9-month time point, antibodies against the S antigen significantly decreased (P=0.0063) among unvaccinated subjects and increased (P<0.0001) in vaccinated individuals, whereas those against the N antigen decreased in the whole cohort. When compared with control groups (naïve Vo' inhabitants and naïve healthcare workers), vaccinated subjects that were previously infected had higher antibody levels (P<0.0001) than vaccinated naïve subjects. Two doses of vaccine elicited stronger anti-S antibody response than natural infection (P<0.0001). Finally, the neutralising reactivity of sera against B.1.617.2 and BA.1 was 4-fold and 16-fold lower than the reactivity observed against the original B.1 strain. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that vaccination induces strong antibody response in most individuals, and even stronger in previously infected subjects. Neutralising reactivity elicited by natural infection followed by vaccination is increasingly weakened by the recent emergence of VOCs. While immunity is not completely compromised, a change in vaccine development may be required going forward, to generate cross-protective pan-coronavirus immunity in the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Lavezzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Laura Manuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Grazioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Bianca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Federico Caldart
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Verona B. Roma University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Gioele Castelli
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Nicoletti
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nieddu
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Salvadoretti
- Paediatrics Unit, Mother and Child Hospital, Surgery, Dentistry, Maternity and Infant Department, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Beatrice Labella
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ludovico Fava
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Antonello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Padoan
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Maria Cirillo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Tonon
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Functional Genomics of Cancer Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dorigatti
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis and Jameel Institute, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Crisanti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Azienda Ospedale Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Dou X, Wang E, Jiang R, Li M, Xiong D, Sun B, Zhang X. Longitudinal profile of neutralizing and binding antibodies in vaccinated and convalescent COVID-19 cohorts by chemiluminescent immunoassays. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e612. [PMID: 35634960 PMCID: PMC9119006 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surrogate rapid serological assay was urgently demanded for accessibly interpretation of immunity potency and duration of neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2. The longitudinal trajectory of antibody profile with a reliable large-scale assay was crucial to judge the protective immune status, avoid futile therapy and provide insight into the booster vaccination minimizing the risk of COVID-19. METHODS A total of 195 volunteers were enrolled for a two-doses procedure (0 and 28 days) of inactive vaccination, as well as ten COVID-19 convalescents. The serum was collected at six time point and detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay with SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (Nab), SARS-CoV-2 RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody (RBD IgG) and RBD total antibody. The diagnostic results and the correlation of antibody level were evaluated among three serological (Nab, RBD IgG, and RBD total antibody) assay, as well as with an authorized cPass kit (Nab). Referred to the assay-specific threshold, the seroconversion rate and dynamic titer of antibody were exhibited from 0 to 56 days since vaccination. RESULTS There was no difference observed with diagnostic results between neutralizing and RBD IgG antibody (p > 0.05). Both diagnostic results of neutralizing and RBD IgG antibody testing differentiated from RBD total antibody assay (p < 0.05). The coefficient of correlation (R) was above 0.90 among the levels of those three antibodies, more than 0.60 in comparison with neutralizing antibody by cPass enzyme-linked immunoassay. The "S" varying pattern for various antibodies level was observed with time extension after vaccination. The seroconversion rate was below 11.1% in 2 weeks after the priming dose, while the value climbed to 81% in 1 week after the boosting dose. The seroconversion rate was maintained around 91%. The inactive vaccine elicited 81-fold higher antibody levels after finished the vaccination schedule than that at the basic point. Besides, the level of neutralizing antibody induced by vaccine was found with a 0.2-fold ratio by comparison with that in COVID-19 convalescents. CONCLUSION The humoral immune response products including SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing, RBD IgG antibody and total antibody and the varying pattern of the antibody profile could be rapidly detected by CILA method. Meanwhile, the continuing and dynamic determination was attributed to evaluate the protection effect of humoral immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Dou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Enyun Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruiwei Jiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of ShenZhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Goh FT, Chew YZ, Tam CC, Yung CF, Clapham H. A country-specific model of COVID-19 vaccination coverage needed for herd immunity in adult only or population wide vaccination programme. Epidemics 2022; 39:100581. [PMID: 35636311 PMCID: PMC9119722 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2022.100581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a country specific method to calculate the COVID-19 vaccination coverage needed for herd immunity by considering age structure, age group-specific contact patterns, relative infectivity and susceptibility of children to adults, vaccination effectiveness and seroprevalence prior to vaccination. We find that across all six countries, vaccination of adults age 60 and above has little impact on Reff and this is could be due to the smaller number of contacts between this age group and the rest of the population according to the contact matrices used. If R0 is above 6, herd immunity by vaccine alone is unattainable for most countries either if vaccination is only available for adults or that vaccine effectiveness is lower at 65% against symptomatic infections. In this situation, additional control measures, booster shots, if they improve protection against infection, or the extension of vaccination to children, are required. For a highly transmissible variant with R0 up to 8, herd immunity is possible for all countries and for all four scenarios of varying relative infectivity and susceptibility of children compared to adults, if vaccine effectiveness is very high at 95% against symptomatic infections and that high vaccination coverage is achieved for both adults and children. In addition, we show that the effective reproduction number will vary between countries even if the same proportion of the population is vaccinated, depending on the demographics, the contact rates and the previous pre-vaccination seroprevalence in the country. This therefore means that care must be taken in extrapolating population level impacts of certain vaccine coverages from one country to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ting Goh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yi Zhen Chew
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Clarence C. Tam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chee Fu Yung
- Infectious Disease Service, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Imperial College, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hannah Clapham
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore,Correspondence to: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Tahir Foundation Building (MD1), 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore 117549, Singapore
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Tan HX, Juno JA. Interplay of infection and vaccination in long-term protection from COVID-19. THE LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 22:744-745. [PMID: 35366960 PMCID: PMC8971275 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cross GB, Naftalin CM, Ngiam JN, Bagdasarian N, Poh CM, Goh YS, Chia WN, Amrun SN, Tham SM, Teng H, Alagha R, Kumar SK, Tan SSY, Wang LF, Tambyah PA, Renia L, Fisher D, Ng LFP. Discrepant serological findings in SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative hospitalized patients with fever and acute respiratory symptoms during the pandemic. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2460-2470. [PMID: 35171507 PMCID: PMC9088472 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) serology has an evolving role in the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, its use in hospitalized patients with acute respiratory symptoms remains unclear. Hospitalized patients with acute respiratory illness admitted to an isolation ward were recruited. All patients had negative nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. Serological studies using four separate assays (cPass: surrogate neutralizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]; Elecsys: N-antigen based chemiluminescent assay; SFB: S protein flow-based; epitope peptide-based ELISA) were performed on stored plasma collected from patients during the initial hospital stay, and a convalescent visit 4-12 weeks later. Of the 51 patients studied (aged 54, interquartile range 21-84; 62.7% male), no patients tested positive on the Elecsys or cPass assays. Out of 51 patients, 5 had antibodies detected on B-cell Epitope Assay and 3/51 had antibodies detected on SFB assay. These 8 patients with positive serological test to COVID-19 were more likely to have a high-risk occupation (p = 0.039), bacterial infection (p = 0.028), and neutrophilia (p = 0.013) during their initial hospital admission. Discrepant COVID-19 serological findings were observed among those with recent hospital admissions and bacterial infections. The positive serological findings within our cohort raise important questions about the interpretation of sero-epidemiology during the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail B. Cross
- Department of Infectious DiseasesNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Claire M. Naftalin
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jinghao N. Ngiam
- Department of MedicineNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Natasha Bagdasarian
- Department of Infectious DiseasesNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Chek M. Poh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Yun S. Goh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Wan N. Chia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious DiseasesDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Siti N. Amrun
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Sai M. Tham
- Department of Infectious DiseasesNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Hazel Teng
- Department of MedicineNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Rawan Alagha
- Department of Infectious DiseasesNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Shoban K. Kumar
- Department of MedicineNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Shaun S. Y. Tan
- Department of Infectious DiseasesNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Lin F. Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious DiseasesDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Paul A. Tambyah
- Department of Infectious DiseasesNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Translational Research ProgrammeNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Dale Fisher
- Department of Infectious DiseasesNational University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Lisa F. P. Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
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Parshina EV, Zulkarnaev AB, Tolkach AD, Ivanov AV, Kislyy PN. Prevalence and Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in the Population of St. Petersburg, Russia. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2022; 12:206-213. [PMID: 35635641 PMCID: PMC9148942 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-022-00041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of seropositive status for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-IgA, -IgM, and -IgG; its dynamics in connection with restrictive measures during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic; and the quantitative dynamics of antibody levels in the population of St. Petersburg, Russia. Methods From May to November 2020, a retrospective analysis of Saint Petersburg State University Hospital laboratory database was performed. The database included 158,283 test results of 87,067 patients for SARS-CoV-2 detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody detection of SARS-CoV-2-IgA, -IgM, and -IgG. The dynamics of antibody level was assessed using R v.3.6.3. Results The introduction of a universal lockdown was effective in containing the spread of COVID-19. The proportion of seropositive patients gradually decreased; approximately 50% of these patients remained seropositive for IgM after 3–4 weeks; for IgG, by follow-up week 22; and for IgA, by week 12. The maximum decrease in IgG and IgA was observed 3–4 months and 2 months after the detection of the seropositive status, respectively. Conclusions The epidemiological study of post-infection immunity to COVID-19 demonstrates significant differences in the dynamics of IgA, IgM, and IgG seropositivity and in PCR test results over time, which is linked to the introduction of restrictive measures. Both the proportion of seropositive patients and the level of all antibodies decreased in terms of the dynamics, and only approximately half of these patients remained IgG-positive 6 months post-infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44197-022-00041-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Parshina
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, 154, Fontanka Emb., Saint-Petersburg, 198103, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexey B Zulkarnaev
- Surgical Department of Transplantology and Dialysis, M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, 61/2, Shchepkina Str., Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey D Tolkach
- Nephrology and Dialysis Department, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, 154, Fontanka Emb., Saint-Petersburg, 198103, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V Ivanov
- Human Genetics Department, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, 154, Fontanka Emb., Saint-Petersburg, 198103, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel N Kislyy
- Polyclinic Department №4, Saint Petersburg State University Hospital, 154, Fontanka Emb., Saint-Petersburg, 198103, Russian Federation
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Štěpánek L, Janošíková M, Nakládalová M, Štěpánek L, Tihelka A, Boriková A, Večeřová R, Sauer P. Relationship between Acute-Phase Symptoms and Immunoglobulin G Seropositivity up to Eight Months after COVID-19. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58060708. [PMID: 35743971 PMCID: PMC9230838 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Given the limited knowledge of antibody responses to COVID-19 and their determinants, we analyzed the relationship between the occurrence of acute-phase symptoms and infection-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) G seropositivity up to 8 months post-symptom onset. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 661 middle-aged unvaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) were interviewed about the presence of symptoms during the acute phase of their previously confirmed COVID-19 and were tested for specific IgG, targeting the spike protein (S1 and S2). The dependence of seropositivity on the symptom occurrence was explored through multiple logistic regression, adjusted for the interval between symptom onset and serology testing, and through classification and regression trees. Results: A total of 551 (83.4%) HCWs showed seropositivity and, inversely, 110 (16.6%) HCWs were seronegative. The chance of IgG seropositivity was increased by dyspnea (odds ratio (OR) 1.48, p < 0.001) and anosmia (OR 1.52, p = 0.021). Fever in HCWs with dyspnea resulted in the highest detected seropositivity rate, and anosmia in HCWs without dyspnea significantly increased the proportion of seropositivity. Conclusion: Clinical manifestation of the acute phase of COVID-19 predisposes to the development of infection-induced antibody responses. The findings can be applied for assessing the long-term protection by IgG, and thus, for creating effective surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Štěpánek
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 185/6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +420-608-757-316
| | - Magdaléna Janošíková
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 185/6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Marie Nakládalová
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 185/6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Lubomír Štěpánek
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Antonín Tihelka
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 185/6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Alena Boriková
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 185/6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.J.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Renata Večeřová
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Pavel Sauer
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (R.V.); (P.S.)
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Paramithiotis E, Sugden S, Papp E, Bonhomme M, Chermak T, Crawford SY, Demetriades SZ, Galdos G, Lambert BL, Mattison J, McDade T, Pillet S, Murphy R. Cellular Immunity Is Critical for Assessing COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Immunocompromised Individuals. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880784. [PMID: 35693815 PMCID: PMC9179228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine clinical development was conducted with unprecedented speed. Immunity measurements were concentrated on the antibody response which left significant gaps in our understanding how robust and long-lasting immune protection develops. Better understanding the cellular immune response will fill those gaps, especially in the elderly and immunocompromised populations which not only have the highest risk for severe infection, but also frequently have inadequate antibody responses. Although cellular immunity measurements are more logistically complex to conduct for clinical trials compared to antibody measurements, the feasibility and benefit of doing them in clinical trials has been demonstrated and so should be more widely adopted. Adding significant cellular response metrics will provide a deeper understanding of the overall immune response to COVID-19 vaccination, which will significantly inform vaccination strategies for the most vulnerable populations. Better monitoring of overall immunity will also substantially benefit other vaccine development efforts, and indeed any therapies that involve the immune system as part of the therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott Sugden
- Scientific Team, CellCarta, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eszter Papp
- Global Research and Development, CellCarta, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Bonhomme
- Vaccine Sciences Division, Pharmaceutical Product Development (PPD) Inc., Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - Todd Chermak
- Regulatory and Government Affairs, CellCarta, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Y. Crawford
- Department of Pharmacy Systems, Outcomes and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Gerson Galdos
- Robert J. Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bruce L. Lambert
- Center for Communication and Health, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - John Mattison
- Health Information, Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, CA, United States
- Health Technology Advisory Board, Arsenal Capital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | | | - Robert Murphy
- Robert J. Havey, MD Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Trajectory patterns of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody response in convalescent COVID-19 patients. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:53. [PMID: 35603297 PMCID: PMC9120513 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The adaptive immune responses of COVID-19 patients contributes to virus clearance, restoration of health and protection from re-infection. The patterns of and the associated characteristics with longitudinal neutralising antibody (NAb) response following SARS-CoV-2 infection are important in their potential association with the population risks of re-infection. Methods This is a longitudinal study with blood samples and clinical data collected in adults aged 18 or above following diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. NAb levels were measured by the SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralisation test (sVNT). Anonymous clinical and laboratory data were matched with surveillance data for each subject for enabling analyses and applying latent class mixed models for trajectory delineation. Logistic regression models were performed to compare the characteristics between the identified classes. Results In 2020–2021, 368 convalescent patients in Hong Kong are tested for NAb. Their seroconversion occur within 3 months in 97% symptomatic patients, the level of which are maintained at 97% after 9 months. The NAb trajectories of 200 symptomatic patients are classified by the initial response and subsequent trend into high-persistent and waning classes in latent class mixed models. High-persistent (15.5%) class patients are older and most have chronic illnesses. Waning class patients (84.5%) are largely young adults who are mildly symptomatic including 2 who serorevert after 10 months. Conclusions Characteristic sub-class variabilities in clinical pattern are noted especially among patients with waning NAb. The heterogeneity of the NAb trajectory patterns and their clinical association can be important for informing vaccination strategy to prevent re-infection. Neutralising antibodies are produced by the immune system and help to defend against viruses like SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. Declining levels of these antibodies over time might be linked to risk of re-infection with the virus. Here, we look at changes in neutralising antibody levels over time in people who have had COVID-19. We define two classes of people: those with persistently high levels of antibodies over time, who are more likely to be older and have chronic illnesses, and those with declining antibody levels, who are younger and had mild COVID-19 symptoms. Understanding differences in how these antibodies are maintained over time in different groups of people might help to guide vaccination strategies to prevent re-infection. Wong, Lee et al. analyse trajectory patterns in the neutralising antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent COVID-19 patients. The authors identify two major classes of patients—high-persistent and waning—reporting specific clinical characteristics of each class, which could help with targeted vaccination strategies.
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Torres I, Giménez E, Albert E, Zulaica J, Álvarez-Rodríguez B, Burgos JS, Peiró S, Limón R, Vanaclocha H, Rodado C, Botija P, Sifre A, Tur B, Lozano RA, Orosa I, Vicente-Ruiz M, Carrión RJ, Clari MÁ, Sánchez-Payá J, Díez-Domingo J, Comas I, González-Candelas F, Geller R, Navarro D. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant breakthrough infections in nursing home residents after an homologous third dose of the Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccine: Looking for correlates of protection. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4216-4223. [PMID: 35585782 PMCID: PMC9348298 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated whether peripheral blood levels of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) receptor binding domain antibodies (anti-RBD), neutralizing antibodies targeting Omicron S (NtAb), and S-reactive-IFNγ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells measured after an homologous booster dose (3D) with the Comirnaty® vaccine were associated with the likelihood of subsequent breakthrough infections due to the Omicron variant. METHODS Observational study including 146 nursing home residents (median age, 80 years; range, 66-99; 109 female) evaluated for an immunological response after 3D (at a median of 16 days). Anti-RBD total antibodies were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. NtAb were quantified by an Omicron S pseudotyped virus neutralization assay. SARS-CoV-2-S specific-IFNγ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were was enumerated by whole-blood flow cytometry for intracellular cytokine staining. RESULTS In total, 33/146 participants contracted breakthrough Omicron infection (symptomatic in 30/33) within 4 months after 3D. Anti-RBD antibody levels were comparable in infected and uninfected participants (21,123 BAU/ml vs. 24,723 BAU/ml; P=0.34). Likewise, NtAb titers (reciprocal IC50 titer, 157 vs. 95; P=0.32) and frequency of virus-reactive CD4+ (P=0.82) and CD8+ (P=0.91) T cells were similar across participant in both groups. Anti-RBD antibody levels and NtAb titers estimated at around the time of infection were also comparable (3,445 BAU/ml vs. 4,345 BAU/ml; P=0.59 and 188.5 vs. 88.9; P=0.70, respectively). Having detectable NtAb against Omicron or SARS-CoV-2-S-reactive-IFNγ-producing CD4+ or CD8+ T cells after 3D was not correlated with increased protection from breakthrough infection (OR, 1.50; P=0.54; 0.0; P=0.99 and 3.70; P=0.23, respectively). CONCLUSION None of the immune parameters evaluated herein, including NtAb titers against the Omicron variant, may reliably predict at the individual level the risk of contracting COVID-19 due to Omicron variant in nursing home residents. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Torres
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Estela Giménez
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eliseo Albert
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joao Zulaica
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier S Burgos
- General Directorate of Research and Healthcare Supervision, Department of Health, Valencia Government, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Peiró
- Foundation for the promotion of health and biomedical research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Limón
- General Directorate of Healthcare. Department of Health, Valencian Government, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hermelinda Vanaclocha
- General Directorate of Public Health, Department of Health, Valencia Government, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Rodado
- Comisión Departamental de control de Residencias. Departamento de Salud València Clínico Malvarrosa
| | - Pilar Botija
- Dirección de Atención Primaria, Departamento de Salud Clínico-Malvarrosa, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Borja Tur
- Centro de Salud Pública, Gandía, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ramón J Carrión
- dirección De Atención Primaria, Departamento De Salud Arnau-Lliria, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª Ángeles Clari
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Sánchez-Payá
- Preventive Medicine Service, Alicante General and University Hospital, Alicante, Spain.,Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Díez-Domingo
- Foundation for the promotion of health and biomedical research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Iñaki Comas
- Biomedicine Institute of Valencia, Spanish Research Council (CSIC).,CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Spain; Joint Research Unit "Infection and Public Health", FISABIO-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Candelas
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Spain; Joint Research Unit "Infection and Public Health", FISABIO-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ron Geller
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Navarro
- Microbiology Service, Clinic University Hospital, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Cheung KS, Lam LK, Hui RWH, Mao X, Zhang RR, Chan KH, Hung IF, Seto WK, Yuen MF. Effect of moderate-to-severe hepatic steatosis on neutralising antibody response among BNT162b2 and CoronaVac recipients. Clin Mol Hepatol 2022; 28:553-564. [PMID: 35545127 PMCID: PMC9293606 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Studies of hepatic steatosis (HS) effect on COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity are lacking. We aimed to compare immunogenicity of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac among moderate/severe HS and control subjects. Patients and Methods 295 subjects who received BNT162b2 or CoronaVac vaccines from five vaccination centers were categorized into moderate/severe HS (controlled attenuation parameter ≥268 dB/m on transient elastography) (n=74) or control (n=221) groups. Primary outcomes were seroconversion rates of neutralising antibody by live virus Microneutralization (vMN) assay (titer ≥10) at day 21 (BNT162b2) or day28 (CoronaVac) and day56 (both). Secondary outcome was highest-tier titer response (top 25% of vMN titer; cutoff: 160 [BNT162b2] and 20 [CoronaVac]) at day 56. Results For BNT162b2 (n=228 [77.3%]), there was no statistical differences in seroconversion rates (71.7% vs 76.6% [day21]; 100% vs 100% [day56]) or vMN GMT (13.2 vs 13.3, [day21]; 91.9 vs 101.4, [day56]) among moderate/severe HS and control groups respectively. However, lower proportion of moderate/severe HS patients had highest-tier response (5.0% vs 15.5%; p=0.037 [day56]). For CoronaVac (n=67 [22.7%]), there was no statistical differences in seroconversion rates (7.1% vs 15.1%, [day21]; 64.3% vs 83.0%, [day56]) or vMN GMT (5.3 vs 5.8,) at day 28. However, moderate/severe HS patients had lower vMN GMT (9.1 vs 14.8, p=0.021) at day 56 with lower proportion having highest-tier response (21.4% vs 52.8%, p=0.036). Conclusion While there was no difference in seroconversion rate between moderate/severe HS and control groups after two doses of vaccine, a lower proportion of moderate/severe HS patients achieved highest-tier response for either BNT162b2 or CoronaVac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Shing Cheung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lok Ka Lam
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Rex Wan Hin Hui
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Xianhua Mao
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Ruiqi R Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Ivan Fn Hung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Man Fung Yuen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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133
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Zhao M, Slotkin R, Sheth AH, Pischel L, Kyriakides TC, Emu B, McNamara C, Shi Q, Delgobbo J, Xu J, Marhoffer E, Mercer-Falkoff A, Holleck J, Ardito D, Sutton RE, Gupta S. Clinical Variables Correlate with Serum Neutralizing Antibody Titers after COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in an Adult, US-based Population. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.04.03.22273355. [PMID: 35411347 PMCID: PMC8996621 DOI: 10.1101/2022.04.03.22273355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background We studied whether comorbid conditions impact strength and duration of immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in a US-based, adult population. Methods Sera (pre-and-post-BNT162b2 vaccination) were tested serially up to 12 months after two doses of vaccine for SARS-CoV-2-anti-Spike neutralizing capacity by pseudotyping assay in 124 individuals; neutralizing titers were correlated to clinical variables with multivariate regression. Post-booster (third dose) effect was measured at 1 and 3 months in 72 and 88 subjects respectively. Results After completion of primary vaccine series, neutralizing antibody IC50 values were high at one month (14-fold increase from pre-vaccination), declined at six months (3.3-fold increase), and increased at one month post-booster (41.5-fold increase). Three months post-booster, IC50 decreased in COVID-naïve individuals (18-fold increase) and increased in prior COVID-19+ individuals (132-fold increase). Age >65 years (β=-0.94, p=0.001) and malignancy (β=-0.88, p=0.002) reduced strength of response at 1 month. Both strength and durability of response at 6 months, respectively, were negatively impacted by end-stage renal disease [(β=-1.10, p=0.004); (β=-0.66, p=0.014)], diabetes mellitus [(β=-0.57, p=0.032); (β=-0.44, p=0.028)], and systemic steroid use [(β=-0.066, p=0.032); (β=-0.55, p=0.037)]. Post-booster IC50 was robust against WA-1 and B.1.617.2, but the immune response decreased with malignancy (β =-0.68, p=0.03) and increased with prior COVID-19 (p-value < 0.0001). Conclusion Multiple clinical factors impact the strength and duration of neutralization response post-primary series vaccination, but not the post-booster dose strength. Prior COVID-19 infection enhances the booster-dose response except in individuals with malignancy, suggesting a need for clinically guiding vaccine dosing regimens. Summary Multiple clinical factors impact the strength and duration of neutralization response post-primary series vaccination. All subjects, irrespective of prior COVID infection, benefited from a third dose. Malignancy decreased response following third dose, suggesting the importance of clinically guided vaccine regimens.
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134
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Primorac D, Vrdoljak K, Brlek P, Pavelić E, Molnar V, Matišić V, Erceg Ivkošić I, Parčina M. Adaptive Immune Responses and Immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:848582. [PMID: 35603211 PMCID: PMC9114812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.848582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the medical field has been forced to apply the basic knowledge of immunology with the most up-to-date SARS-CoV-2 findings and translate it to the population of the whole world in record time. Following the infection with the viral antigen, adaptive immune responses are activated mainly by viral particle encounters with the antigen-presenting cells or B cell receptors, which induce further biological interactions to defend the host against the virus. After the infection has been warded off, the immunological memory is developed. The SARS-CoV cellular immunity has been shown to persist even 17 years after the infection, despite the undetectable humoral component. Similar has been demonstrated for the SARS-CoV-2 T cell memory in a shorter period by assessing interferon-gamma levels when heparinized blood is stimulated with the virus-specific peptides. T cells also play an irreplaceable part in a humoral immune reaction as the backbone of a cellular immune response. They both provide the signals for B cell activation and the maturation, competence, and memory of the humoral response. B cell production of IgA was shown to be of significant influence in mediating mucosal immunity as the first part of the defense mechanism and in the development of nasal vaccines. Here, we interpret the recent SARS-CoV-2 available research, which encompasses the significance and the current understanding of adaptive immune activity, and compare it among naive, exposed, and vaccinated blood donors. Our recent data showed that those who recovered from COVID-19 and those who are vaccinated with EMA-approved vaccines had a long-lasting cellular immunity. Additionally, we analyze the humoral responses in immunocompromised patients and memory mediated by cellular immunity and the impact of clonality in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic regarding breakthrough infections and variants of concern, both B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Primorac
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Split, Split, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Medical School, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Medical School REGIOMED, Coburg, Germany
- Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- The Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Petar Brlek
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Vilim Molnar
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vid Matišić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Erceg Ivkošić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marijo Parčina
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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135
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Gruell H, Vanshylla K, Weber T, Barnes CO, Kreer C, Klein F. Antibody-Mediated Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2. Immunity 2022; 55:925-944. [PMID: 35623355 PMCID: PMC9118976 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies can block infection, clear pathogens, and are essential to provide long-term immunity. Since the onset of the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies have been comprehensively investigated and critical information on their development, function, and potential use to prevent and treat COVID-19 have been revealed. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 immune escape variants, humoral immunity is being challenged, and a detailed understanding of neutralizing antibodies is essential to guide vaccine design strategies as well as antibody-mediated therapies. In this review, we summarize some of the key findings on SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, with a focus on their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Gruell
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kanika Vanshylla
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Timm Weber
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christopher O Barnes
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Christoph Kreer
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Klein
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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136
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Kennedy JL, Forrest JC, Young SG, Amick B, Williams M, James L, Snowden J, Cardenas VM, Boothe D, Kirkpatrick C, Modi Z, Caid K, Owens S, Kouassi M, Mann R, Putt C, Irish-Clardy K, Macechko M, Brimberry RK, Nembhard WN, McElfish PA, Du R, Jin J, Zohoori N, Kothari A, Hagrass H, Olgaard E, Boehme KW. Temporal Variations in Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections by Race and Ethnicity in Arkansas. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac154. [PMID: 35493126 PMCID: PMC9045955 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to estimate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection rates in the small rural state of Arkansas, using SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence as an indicator of infection. Methods We collected residual serum samples from adult outpatients seen at hospitals or clinics in Arkansas for non-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related reasons. A total of 5804 samples were identified over 3 time periods: 15 August-5 September 2020 (time period 1), 12 September-24 October 2020 (time period 2), and 7 November-19 December 2020 (time period 3). Results The age-, sex-, race-, and ethnicity-standardized SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence during each period, from 2.6% in time period 1 to 4.1% in time period 2 and 7.4% in time period 3. No statistically significant difference in seroprevalence was found based on age, sex, or residence (urban vs rural). However, we found higher seroprevalence rates in each time period for Hispanics (17.6%, 20.6%, and 23.4%, respectively) and non-Hispanic Blacks (4.8%, 5.4%, and 8.9%, respectively) relative to non-Hispanic Whites (1.1%, 2.6%, and 5.5%, respectively). Conclusions Our data imply that the number of Arkansas residents infected with SARS-CoV-2 rose steadily from 2.6% in August to 7.4% in December 2020. There was no statistical difference in seroprevalence between rural and urban locales. Hispanics and Blacks had higher rates of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies than Whites, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 spread disproportionately in racial and ethnic minorities during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Kennedy
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - J Craig Forrest
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Inflammatory Responses, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sean G Young
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Benjamin Amick
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Mark Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Laura James
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jessica Snowden
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Victor M Cardenas
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Danielle Boothe
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Zeel Modi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Katherine Caid
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Shana Owens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Marianne Kouassi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ryan Mann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Claire Putt
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Katherine Irish-Clardy
- Integrated Clinical Enterprise, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael Macechko
- Department of Family Medicine and Preventative Services, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ronald K Brimberry
- Department of Family Medicine and Preventative Services, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Wendy N Nembhard
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Pearl A McElfish
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ruofei Du
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Namvar Zohoori
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Atul Kothari
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Hoda Hagrass
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ericka Olgaard
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Karl W Boehme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Inflammatory Responses, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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137
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Moser W, Fahal MAH, Abualas E, Bedri S, Elsir MT, Mohamed MFERO, Mahmoud AB, Ahmad AII, Adam MA, Altalib S, DafaAllah OA, Hmed SA, Azman AS, Ciglenecki I, Gignoux E, González A, Mwongera C, Miranda MA. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Prevalence and Population-Based Death Rates, Greater Omdurman, Sudan. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1026-1030. [PMID: 35450565 PMCID: PMC9045432 DOI: 10.3201/eid2805.211951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a cross-sectional survey in Omdurman, Sudan, during March–April 2021, we estimated that 54.6% of the population had detectable severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies. Overall population death rates among those >50 years of age increased 74% over the first coronavirus disease pandemic year.
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138
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Hastert FD, Henss L, von Rhein C, Gerbeth J, Wieters I, Borgans F, Khodamoradi Y, Zacharowski K, Rohde G, Vehreschild MJ, Schnierle BS. Longitudinal Analysis of Coronavirus-Neutralizing Activity in COVID-19 Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:882. [PMID: 35632624 PMCID: PMC9144377 DOI: 10.3390/v14050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has now been continuing for more than two years. The infection causes COVID-19, a disease of the respiratory and cardiovascular system of variable severity. Here, the humoral immune response of 80 COVID-19 patients from the University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Germany, was characterized longitudinally. The SARS-CoV-2 neutralization activity of serum waned over time. The neutralizing potential of serum directed towards the human alpha-coronavirus NL-63 (NL63) also waned, indicating that no cross-priming against alpha-coronaviruses occurred. A subset of the recovered patients (n = 13) was additionally vaccinated with the mRNA vaccine Comirnaty. Vaccination increased neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT), Delta, and Omicron, although Omicron-specific neutralization was not detectable prior to vaccination. In addition, the vaccination induced neutralizing antibodies against the more distantly related SARS-CoV-1 but not against NL63. The results indicate that although SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune responses induced by infection wane, vaccination induces a broad neutralizing activity against multiple SARS-CoVs, but not to the common cold alpha-coronavirus NL63.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian D. Hastert
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Strass 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany; (F.D.H.); (L.H.); (C.v.R.); (J.G.)
| | - Lisa Henss
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Strass 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany; (F.D.H.); (L.H.); (C.v.R.); (J.G.)
| | - Christine von Rhein
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Strass 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany; (F.D.H.); (L.H.); (C.v.R.); (J.G.)
| | - Julia Gerbeth
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Strass 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany; (F.D.H.); (L.H.); (C.v.R.); (J.G.)
| | - Imke Wieters
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (I.W.); (F.B.); (Y.K.); (M.J.G.T.V.)
| | - Frauke Borgans
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (I.W.); (F.B.); (Y.K.); (M.J.G.T.V.)
| | - Yascha Khodamoradi
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (I.W.); (F.B.); (Y.K.); (M.J.G.T.V.)
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Gernot Rohde
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Pneumologie/Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Maria J.G.T. Vehreschild
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (I.W.); (F.B.); (Y.K.); (M.J.G.T.V.)
| | - Barbara S. Schnierle
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich Strass 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany; (F.D.H.); (L.H.); (C.v.R.); (J.G.)
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Grassia JT, Markwalter CF, O'Meara WP, Taylor SM, Obala AA. SARS-CoV-2 Cross-Reactivity in Prepandemic Serum from Rural Malaria-Infected Persons, Cambodia. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1080-1081. [PMID: 35447068 PMCID: PMC9045424 DOI: 10.3201/eid2805.220404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Bartsch SM, O'Shea KJ, Chin KL, Strych U, Ferguson MC, Bottazzi ME, Wedlock PT, Cox SN, Siegmund SS, Hotez PJ, Lee BY. Maintaining face mask use before and after achieving different COVID-19 vaccination coverage levels: a modelling study. Lancet Public Health 2022; 7:e356-e365. [PMID: 35276093 PMCID: PMC8903840 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Face mask wearing has been an important part of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. As vaccination coverage progresses in countries, relaxation of such practices is increasing. Subsequent COVID-19 surges have raised the questions of whether face masks should be encouraged or required and for how long. Here, we aim to assess the value of maintaining face masks use indoors according to different COVID-19 vaccination coverage levels in the USA. METHODS In this computational simulation-model study, we developed and used a Monte Carlo simulation model representing the US population and SARS-CoV-2 spread. Simulation experiments compared what would happen if face masks were used versus not used until given final vaccination coverages were achieved. Different scenarios varied the target vaccination coverage (70-90%), the date these coverages were achieved (Jan 1, 2022, to July 1, 2022), and the date the population discontinued wearing face masks. FINDINGS Simulation experiments revealed that maintaining face mask use (at the coverage seen in the USA from March, 2020, to July, 2020) until target vaccination coverages were achieved was cost-effective and in many cases cost saving from both the societal and third-party payer perspectives across nearly all scenarios explored. Face mask use was estimated to be cost-effective and usually cost saving when the cost of face masks per person per day was ≤US$1·25. In all scenarios, it was estimated to be cost-effective to maintain face mask use for about 2-10 weeks beyond the date that target vaccination coverage (70-90%) was achieved, with this added duration being longer when the target coverage was achieved during winter versus summer. Factors that might increase the transmissibility of the virus (eg, emergence of the delta [B.1.617.2] and omicron [B.1.1.529] variants), or decrease vaccine effectiveness (eg, waning immunity or escape variants), or increase social interactions among certain segments of the population, only increased the cost savings or cost-effectiveness provided by maintaining face mask use. INTERPRETATION Our study provides strong support for maintaining face mask use until and a short time after achieving various final vaccination coverage levels, given that maintaining face mask use can be not just cost-effective, but even cost saving. The emergence of the omicron variant and the prospect of future variants that might be more transmissible and reduce vaccine effectiveness only increases the value of face masks. FUNDING The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, the National Science Foundation, the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, and the City University of New York.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Bartsch
- Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelly J O'Shea
- Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin L Chin
- Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ulrich Strych
- National School of Tropical Medicine and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie C Ferguson
- Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- National School of Tropical Medicine and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick T Wedlock
- Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah N Cox
- Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheryl S Siegmund
- Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter J Hotez
- National School of Tropical Medicine and Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bruce Y Lee
- Center for Advanced Technology and Communication in Health, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Public Health Informatics, Computational, and Operations Research, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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Kaygusuz S, Korukluoğlu G, Coşgun Y, Şahin Ö, Arslan F. INVESTIGATION AND LONG-TERM MONITORING OF THE PRESENCE OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 DISEASE OF DIFFERENT CLINICAL SEVERITY. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3596-3604. [PMID: 35365870 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding the immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical to public health policy and vaccine development and prevention of reinfections for COVID-19. It is important to know the neutralizing capacity of antibodies and to monitor their persistence. METHODS Patients with Covid-19 were divided into four groups (severe-critical, moderate, mild and asymptomatic) according to their clinical severity. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Spike viral surface protein were investigated by ELISA method 3 months and 9 months after the onset of the disease. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) response was evaluated by microneutralization test. Patients who received at least two doses of COVID-19 vaccine after illness were enrolled. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 IgG and NAb titers were shown to be strongly correlated with disease severity. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and neutralizing antibody levels were found to be compatible with each other. After 9 months of follow-up, both IgG and NA levels continued unabated in individuals who had the disease. In individuals who received at least two doses of the vaccine, these levels increased, except for severe-critical patients. CONCLUSIONS High levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG are indicative, as it is difficult to investigate NAb in routine laboratories. At the same time, it can be predicted that this period may be much longer if it continues for at least 9 months and is reinforced with vaccination. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Kaygusuz
- Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infection Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Gülay Korukluoğlu
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, National Virology Reference Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Coşgun
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, National Virology Reference Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ömer Şahin
- Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infection Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Arslan
- Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infection Disease and Clinical Microbiology, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Sanna G, Marongiu A, Firinu D, Piras C, Franci G, Galdiero M, Pala G, Palmas V, Angius F, Littera R, Perra A, Orrù G, Campagna M, Costanzo G, Meloni F, Coghe F, Chessa L, Manzin A. Neutralizing Antibodies Responses against SARS-CoV-2 in a Sardinian Cohort Group Up to 9 Months after BNT162b2 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040531. [PMID: 35455280 PMCID: PMC9024419 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of COVID-19, has caused over 460 million cases of infection and over 6 million deaths worldwide. The pandemic has called for science, technology, and innovation to provide solutions and, due to an incredible scientific and financial global effort, several prophylactic and therapeutic apparatuses such as monoclonal antibodies and vaccines were developed in less than one year to address this emergency. After SARS-CoV-2 infection, serum neutralizing antibodies are produced by B cells and studies on virus-neutralizing antibodies’ kinetics are pivotal. The process of protective immunity and the duration of this kind of protection against COVID-19 remain to be clarified. We tested 136 sera from 3 groups of individuals, some of them providing multiple sequential sera (1—healthy, no previous CoV2-infected, vaccinated; 2—healthy, previous CoV2 infected, vaccinated; 3—healed, previous CoV2-infected, not vaccinated) to assess the kinetics of antibodies (Abs) neutralizing activity. We found that SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits moderate neutralizing antibody activity in most individuals; neither age nor gender appear to have any influence on Abs responses. The BNT162b2 vaccine, when administered in two doses, induces high antibodies titre endowed with potent neutralizing activity against bare SARS-CoV-2 in in vitro neutralizing assay. The residual neutralization capability and the kinetic of waning immunity were also evaluated over 9 months after the second dose in a reference group of subjects. Neutralization titre showed a decline in all subjects and the median level of S-protein IgG, over 270 days after the second vaccination dose, was below 10 AU/mL in 53% of serum tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Sanna
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.M.); (G.P.); (V.P.); (F.A.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Alessandra Marongiu
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.M.); (G.P.); (V.P.); (F.A.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.O.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Cristina Piras
- Clinical Metabolomics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Pala
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.M.); (G.P.); (V.P.); (F.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Vanessa Palmas
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.M.); (G.P.); (V.P.); (F.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Angius
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.M.); (G.P.); (V.P.); (F.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Roberto Littera
- Department of Internal Medical Sciences, Medical Genetics, “R. Binaghi” Hospital, University of Cagliari, 09126 Cagliari, Italy;
- Associazione per l’Avanzamento della Ricerca per i Trapianti O.d.V., Non Profit Organisation, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Perra
- Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.O.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Marcello Campagna
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.O.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Giulia Costanzo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.O.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Federico Meloni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.O.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Ferdinando Coghe
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemical Analysis and Microbiology, University Hospital of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
| | - Luchino Chessa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (G.O.); (M.C.); (G.C.); (F.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Aldo Manzin
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy; (A.M.); (G.P.); (V.P.); (F.A.); (A.M.)
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Fadda M, Camerini AL, Fiordelli M, Corna L, Levati S, Amati R, Piumatti G, Crivelli L, Suggs LS, Albanese E. Why Vaccinate Against COVID-19? A Population-Based Survey in Switzerland. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604226. [PMID: 35418817 PMCID: PMC8997237 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study examined factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination intention at the very beginning of the vaccination campaign in a representative sample of the population in southern Switzerland. Methods: In March 2021, we measured vaccination intention, beliefs, attitudes, and trust in a sample of the Corona Immunitas Ticino study. Results: Of the 2681 participants, 1933 completed the questionnaire (response rate = 72%; 55% female; meanage = 41, SD = 24, rangeage = 5-91). Overall, 68% reported an intention to get vaccinated. Vaccination intention was higher in social/healthcare workers, and increased with age, trust in public health institutions, and confidence in the vaccine efficacy. Prior infection of a family member, predilection for waiting for more evidence on the safety and efficacy of the vaccine, and for alternative protective means were negatively associated with intention. Conclusion: In view of needs of COVID-19 vaccine boosters and of suboptimal vaccination coverage, our results have relevant public health implications and suggest that communication about vaccine safety and efficacy, and aims of vaccination programs, should be bi-directional, proportionate, and tailored to the concerns, expectations, and beliefs of different population subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fadda
- Institute of Public Health, University of Italian Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Anne Linda Camerini
- Institute of Public Health, University of Italian Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maddalena Fiordelli
- Institute of Public Health, University of Italian Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Laurie Corna
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Manno, Switzerland
| | - Sara Levati
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Manno, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Amati
- Institute of Public Health, University of Italian Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Piumatti
- Institute of Public Health, University of Italian Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luca Crivelli
- Department of Business Economics, Health and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Manno, Switzerland
| | - L. Suzanne Suggs
- Institute of Public Health, University of Italian Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Albanese
- Institute of Public Health, University of Italian Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
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Aikawa NE, Kupa LDVK, Medeiros-Ribeiro AC, Saad CGS, Yuki EFN, Pasoto SG, Rojo PT, Pereira RMR, Shinjo SK, Sampaio-Barros PD, Andrade DCO, Halpern ASR, Fuller R, Souza FHC, Guedes LKN, Assad APL, Moraes JCBD, Lopes MRU, Martins VADO, Betancourt L, Ribeiro CT, Sales LP, Bertoglio IM, Bonoldi VLN, Mello RLP, Balbi GGM, Sartori AMC, Antonangelo L, Silva CA, Bonfa E. Increment of immunogenicity after third dose of a homologous inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in a large population of patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:1036-1043. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-222096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo determine the immunogenicity of the third dose of CoronaVac vaccine in a large population of patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) and the factors associated with impaired response.MethodsAdult patients with ARD and age-balanced/sex-balanced controls (control group, CG) previously vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac received the third dose at D210 (6 months after the second dose). The presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG and neutralising antibodies (NAb) was evaluated previously to vaccination (D210) and 30 days later (D240). Patients with controlled disease suspended mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for 7 days or methotrexate (MTX) for 2 weekly doses after vaccination.ResultsARD (n=597) and CG (n=199) had comparable age (p=0.943). Anti-S1/S2 IgG seropositivity rates significantly increased from D210 (60%) to D240 (93%) (p<0.0001) in patients with ARD. NAb positivity also increased: 38% (D210) vs 81.4% (D240) (p<0.0001). The same pattern was observed for CG, with significantly higher frequencies for both parameters at D240 (p<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses in the ARD group revealed that older age (OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.0, p=0.024), vasculitis diagnosis (OR=0.24, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.53, p<0.001), prednisone ≥5 mg/day (OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.77, p=0.003), MMF (OR=0.30, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.61, p<0.001) and biologics (OR=0.27, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.46, p<0.001) were associated with reduced anti-S1/S2 IgG positivity. Similar analyses demonstrated that prednisone ≥5 mg/day (OR=0.63, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.90, p=0.011), abatacept (OR=0.39, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.74, p=0.004), belimumab (OR=0.29, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.67, p=0.004) and rituximab (OR=0.11, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.30, p<0.001) were negatively associated with NAb positivity. Further evaluation of COVID-19 seronegative ARD at D210 demonstrated prominent increases in positivity rates at D240 for anti-S1/S2 IgG (80.5%) and NAb (59.1%) (p<0.0001).ConclusionsWe provide novel data on a robust response to the third dose of CoronaVac in patients with ARD, even in those with prevaccination COVID-19 seronegative status. Drugs implicated in reducing immunogenicity after the regular two-dose regimen were associated with non-responsiveness after the third dose, except for MTX.Trial registration numberNCT04754698.
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Manica M, Pancheri S, Poletti P, Giovanazzi G, Guzzetta G, Trentini F, Marziano V, Ajelli M, Grazia Zuccali M, Benetollo PP, Merler S, Ferro A. Risk of Symptomatic Infection During a Second Coronavirus Disease 2019 Wave in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Seropositive Individuals. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 74:893-896. [PMID: 34134145 PMCID: PMC8406865 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed 221 coronavirus disease 2019 cases identified between June 2020 and January 2021 in 6074 individuals screened for immunoglobulin G antibodies in May 2020, representing 77% of residents of 5 Italian municipalities. The relative risk of developing symptomatic infection in seropositive participants was 0.055 (95% confidence interval, .014-.220).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Manica
- Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | - Serena Pancheri
- Department of Prevention, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, Trento, Italy
| | - Piero Poletti
- Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | - Giulia Giovanazzi
- Department of Prevention, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, Trento, Italy
| | - Giorgio Guzzetta
- Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | - Filippo Trentini
- Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Marco Ajelli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Grazia Zuccali
- Department of Prevention, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, Trento, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Benetollo
- Department of Prevention, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefano Merler
- Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferro
- Department of Prevention, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari, Trento, Italy
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Fajfr M, Sleha R, Janovska S, Koblizek V, Skala M, Plisek S, Prasil P, Smahel P, Bostik P. Long-Term Antibody Response and Vaccination Efficacy in Patients with COVID-19: A Single Center One-Year Prospective Study from the Czech Republic. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030526. [PMID: 35336932 PMCID: PMC8949942 DOI: 10.3390/v14030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is almost exclusively performed by PCR or antigen detection. The detection of specific antibodies has not yet been considered in official diagnostic guidelines as major laboratory evidence for a case definition. The aim the present study is to analyze antibody responses in outpatient and inpatient cohorts of COVID-19 patients in the Czech Republic over a 12-month period, and assess the potential of antibodies as a diagnostic tool. Methods: A total of 644 patients was enrolled in the prospective study. IgA, IgM and IgG antibody levels, as well as virus neutralization titers, were analyzed over a 12-month period. Results: Our study showed low antibody positivity levels at the admission. However, at 2 weeks after infection, 98.75% and 95.00% of hospitalized patients were IgA and IgG positive, respectively. Even in the outpatient cohort characterized by milder disease courses, the IgG antibody response was still sustained at 9 and 12 months. The data show a high correlation between the IgG levels and virus neutralization titers (VNTs). Samples from later time-points showed positive antibody responses after vaccination in both cohorts characterized by high IgG levels and VNT over 1:640. The samples from unvaccinated persons indicated a relatively high level of reinfection at 6.87%. Conclusions: Our results show that the detection of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 shows an increasing sensitivity from week 2 after infection and remains highly positive over the 12-month period. The levels of IgG antibodies correlate significantly with the VNTs. This suggests that the serological data may be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Fajfr
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Radek Sleha
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Sylva Janovska
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (S.J.)
| | - Vladimir Koblizek
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Mikulas Skala
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Plisek
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Prasil
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Smahel
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bostik
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (M.S.); (S.P.); (P.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (R.S.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence:
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147
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Krueger T, Gogolewski K, Bodych M, Gambin A, Giordano G, Cuschieri S, Czypionka T, Perc M, Petelos E, Rosińska M, Szczurek E. Risk assessment of COVID-19 epidemic resurgence in relation to SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination passes. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:23. [PMID: 35603303 PMCID: PMC9053266 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of COVID-19 vaccination passes (VPs) by many countries coincided with the Delta variant fast becoming dominant across Europe. A thorough assessment of their impact on epidemic dynamics is still lacking. Here, we propose the VAP-SIRS model that considers possibly lower restrictions for the VP holders than for the rest of the population, imperfect vaccination effectiveness against infection, rates of (re-)vaccination and waning immunity, fraction of never-vaccinated, and the increased transmissibility of the Delta variant. Some predicted epidemic scenarios for realistic parameter values yield new COVID-19 infection waves within two years, and high daily case numbers in the endemic state, even without introducing VPs and granting more freedom to their holders. Still, suitable adaptive policies can avoid unfavorable outcomes. While VP holders could initially be allowed more freedom, the lack of full vaccine effectiveness and increased transmissibility will require accelerated (re-)vaccination, wide-spread immunity surveillance, and/or minimal long-term common restrictions. Assessing the impact of vaccines, other public health measures, and declining immunity on SARS-CoV-2 control is challenging. This is particularly true in the context of vaccination passes, whereby vaccinated individuals have more freedom of making contacts than unvaccinated ones. Here, we use a mathematical model to simulate various scenarios and investigate the likelihood of containing COVID-19 outbreaks in example European countries. We demonstrate that both Alpha and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants inevitably lead to recurring outbreaks when measures are lifted for vaccination pass holders. High re-vaccination rates and a lowered fraction of the unvaccinated population increase the benefit of vaccination passes. These observations are important for policy making, highlighting the need for continued vigilance, even where the epidemic is under control, especially when new variants of concern emerge. Krueger, Gogolewski, and Bodych et al. assess the risk of COVID-19 epidemic resurgence in relation to SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination passes. Their model predicts that new COVID-19 infection waves within two years from the onset of the vaccination program are possible but that suitable adaptive policies can help to avoid unfavorable outcomes.
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148
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Vo HTM, Maestri A, Auerswald H, Sorn S, Lay S, Seng H, Sann S, Ya N, Pean P, Dussart P, Schwartz O, Ly S, Bruel T, Ly S, Duong V, Karlsson EA, Cantaert T. Robust and Functional Immune Memory Up to 9 Months After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Southeast Asian Longitudinal Cohort. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817905. [PMID: 35185909 PMCID: PMC8853741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The duration of humoral and cellular immune memory following SARS-CoV-2 infection in populations in least developed countries remains understudied but is key to overcome the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Sixty-four Cambodian individuals with laboratory-confirmed infection with asymptomatic or mild/moderate clinical presentation were evaluated for Spike (S)-binding and neutralizing antibodies and antibody effector functions during acute phase of infection and at 6-9 months follow-up. Antigen-specific B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were characterized, and T cells were interrogated for functionality at late convalescence. Anti-S antibody titers decreased over time, but effector functions mediated by S-specific antibodies remained stable. S- and nucleocapsid (N)-specific B cells could be detected in late convalescence in the activated memory B cell compartment and are mostly IgG+. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune memory was maintained to S and membrane (M) protein. Asymptomatic infection resulted in decreased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells at late convalescence. Whereas anti-S antibodies correlated with S-specific B cells, there was no correlation between T cell response and humoral immune memory. Hence, all aspects of a protective immune response are maintained up to nine months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and in the absence of re-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Thi My Vo
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Alvino Maestri
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Heidi Auerswald
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sopheak Sorn
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokchea Lay
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Heng Seng
- Department of Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health (CDC-MoH), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sotheary Sann
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nisa Ya
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Polidy Pean
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Sovann Ly
- Department of Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health (CDC-MoH), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Sowath Ly
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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149
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Evaluation of a commercial ELISA as alternative to plaque reduction neutralization test to detect neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3549. [PMID: 35241780 PMCID: PMC8894493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput detection of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 presents a valuable tool for vaccine trials or investigations of population immunity. We evaluate the performance of the first commercial surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT, GenScript Biotech) against SARS-CoV-2 plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) in convalescent and vaccinated individuals. We compare it to five other ELISAs, two of which are designed to detect neutralizing antibodies. In 491 pre-vaccination serum samples, sVNT missed 23.6% of PRNT-positive samples when using the manufacturer-recommended cutoff of 30% binding inhibition. Introducing an equivocal area between 15 and 35% maximized sensitivity and specificity against PRNT to 72.8–93.1% and 73.5–97.6%, respectively. The overall diagnostic performance of the other ELISAs for neutralizing antibodies was below that of sVNT. Vaccinated individuals exhibited higher antibody titers by PRNT (median 119.8, IQR 56.7–160) and binding inhibition by sVNT (median 95.7, IQR 88.1–96.8) than convalescent patients (median 49.1, IQR 20–62; median 52.9, IQR 31.2–76.2). GenScript sVNT is suitable to screen for SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies; however, to obtain accurate results, confirmatory testing by PRNT in a equivocal area is required. This equivocal area may require adaptation for use in vaccinated individuals, due to higher antibody titers.
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150
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Komissarov AA, Dolzhikova IV, Efimov GA, Logunov DY, Mityaeva O, Molodtsov IA, Naigovzina NB, Peshkova IO, Shcheblyakov DV, Volchkov P, Gintsburg AL, Vasilieva E. Boosting of the SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Response after Vaccination with Single-Dose Sputnik Light Vaccine. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1139-1145. [PMID: 35101893 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite measures taken world-wide, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues. Because efficient antiviral drugs are not yet widely available, vaccination is the best option to control the infection rate. Although this option is obvious in the case of COVID-19-naive individuals, it is still unclear when individuals who have recovered from a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection should be vaccinated and whether the vaccination raises immune responses against the coronavirus and its novel variants. In this study, we collected peripheral blood from 84 healthy human donors of different COVID-19 status who were vaccinated with the Sputnik Light vaccine and measured the dynamics of the Ab and T cell responses, as well as the virus-neutralizing activity (VNA) in serum, against two SARS-CoV-2 variants, B.1.1.1 and B.1.617.2. We showed that vaccination of individuals previously exposed to the virus considerably boosts the existing immune response. In these individuals, receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG titers and VNA in serum were already elevated on the 7th day after vaccination, whereas COVID-19-naive individuals developed the Ab response and VNA mainly 21 d postvaccination. Additionally, we found a strong correlation between RBD-specific IgG titers and VNA in serum, and according to these data vaccination may be recommended when the RBD-specific IgG titers drop to 142.7 binding Ab units/ml or below. In summary, the results of the study demonstrate that vaccination is beneficial for both COVID-19-naive and recovered individuals, especially since it raises serum VNA against the B.1.617.2 variant, one of the five SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Komissarov
- Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia;
| | - Inna V Dolzhikova
- Federal State Budget Institution National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Denis Y Logunov
- Federal State Budget Institution National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Mityaeva
- Genome Engineering Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - Ivan A Molodtsov
- Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nelli B Naigovzina
- A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia; and
| | | | - Dmitry V Shcheblyakov
- Federal State Budget Institution National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Volchkov
- Genome Engineering Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russia.,Research Institute of Personalized Medicine, National Center for Personalized Medicine of Endocrine Diseases, The National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L Gintsburg
- Federal State Budget Institution National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia.,A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia; and
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