101
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McKeown NM, Marklund M, Ma J, Ross AB, Lichtenstein AH, Livingston KA, Jacques PF, Rasmussen HM, Blumberg JB, Chen CYO. Comparison of plasma alkylresorcinols (AR) and urinary AR metabolites as biomarkers of compliance in a short-term, whole-grain intervention study. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1235-44. [PMID: 26043861 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alkylresorcinols (AR) are phenolic lipids present in the bran of wheat and rye. Plasma AR and their urinary metabolites may be suitable biomarkers of whole-grain (WG) wheat and rye consumption. The objective of this study was to examine plasma AR and urinary AR metabolites in response to WG wheat consumption. METHODS In a randomized crossover study, 19 subjects (10 males, 9 females; BMI 22.0 kg/m(2); age 26 years) incorporated either 3 servings (48 g) or 6 servings (96 g) of WG wheat daily into their regular diet for 1 week. Subjects completed a 2-week washout period, abstaining from all WG consumption, before each intervention. Fasting blood and 24-h urine were collected before and after each intervention. Plasma AR homologues (C19:0, C21:0, C23:0) were quantified by GC-MS after diethyl ether and solid phase extraction and derivatization. Urinary AR metabolites [3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid] were determined using HPLC with electrochemical detection after enzymatic deconjugation and ethyl acetate extraction. RESULTS Urinary total AR metabolites were significantly higher after 6 compared with 3 servings of WG wheat (56 vs. 32 μmol/day, P < 0.001). This dose-response relationship was independent of age, sex, energy intake, and baseline urinary AR metabolite concentration. Plasma total AR tended to be higher after 6 compared with 3 servings of WG wheat (103.0 vs. 86.9 nmol/L), but this difference was not significant (P = 0.42). CONCLUSION The results suggest that urinary AR metabolites from 24-h urine collections may be useful as biomarkers of compliance in intervention studies of WG wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M McKeown
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. .,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Matti Marklund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jiantao Ma
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Life Science Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kara A Livingston
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen M Rasmussen
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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102
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Bernal FA, Orduz-Diaz LL, Guerrero-Perilla C, Coy-Barrera ED. Diazo Coupling Reaction of Catechins and Alkylresorcinols with Diazotized Sulfanilic Acid for Quantitative Purposes in Edible Sources: Method Development and Validation. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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103
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Song M, Garrett WS, Chan AT. Nutrients, foods, and colorectal cancer prevention. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:1244-60.e16. [PMID: 25575572 PMCID: PMC4409470 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet has an important role in the development of colorectal cancer. In the past few decades, findings from extensive epidemiologic and experimental investigations have linked consumption of several foods and nutrients to the risk of colorectal neoplasia. Calcium, fiber, milk, and whole grains have been associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer, and red meat and processed meat have been associated with an increased risk. There is substantial evidence for the potential chemopreventive effects of vitamin D, folate, fruits, and vegetables. Nutrients and foods also may interact, as a dietary pattern, to influence colorectal cancer risk. Diet likely influences colorectal carcinogenesis through several interacting mechanisms. These include the direct effects on immune responsiveness and inflammation, and the indirect effects of overnutrition and obesity-risk factors for colorectal cancer. Emerging evidence also implicates the gut microbiota as an important effector in the relationship between diet and cancer. Dietary modification therefore has the promise of reducing colorectal cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Wendy S. Garrett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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A method for the simultaneous extraction and quantitation of lipophilic antioxidants in Triticum sp. by HPLC-DAD/FLD-MSn. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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105
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106
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Rohloff J. Analysis of phenolic and cyclic compounds in plants using derivatization techniques in combination with GC-MS-based metabolite profiling. Molecules 2015; 20:3431-62. [PMID: 25690297 PMCID: PMC6272321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20023431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolite profiling has been established as a modern technology platform for the description of complex chemical matrices and compound identification in biological samples. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in particular is a fast and accurate method widely applied in diagnostics, functional genomics and for screening purposes. Following solvent extraction and derivatization, hundreds of metabolites from different chemical groups can be characterized in one analytical run. Besides sugars, acids, and polyols, diverse phenolic and other cyclic metabolites can be efficiently detected by metabolite profiling. The review describes own results from plant research to exemplify the applicability of GC-MS profiling and concurrent detection and identification of phenolics and other cyclic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Rohloff
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.
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107
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Influence of cultivar, ripeness, blanching, drying, irradiation, and pectin recovery on alk(en)ylresorcinols in mango peels. Eur Food Res Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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108
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Ciccoritti R, Pasquini M, Sgrulletta D, Nocente F. Effect of 5-n-alkylresorcinol extracts from durum wheat whole grain on the growth of fusarium head blight (FHB) causal agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:43-50. [PMID: 25496267 DOI: 10.1021/jf5054518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In an approach toward the identification of ecofriendly compounds for fusarium head blight biocontrol, the in vitro antifungal activity of 5-n-alkylresorcinol (AR) extracts, obtained from durum wheat intact kernels, was tested. In comparison with ethyl acetate and acetone extracts containing AR, total inhibition of Fusarium graminearum spore germination was observed with cyclohexane extract, which also exhibited a significant fungistatic activity against F. graminearum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum, and Fusarium poae. Additionally, the study of the influence of such variables as predrying of seeds and durum wheat genotype on AR cyclohexane extract properties allowed the association of its highest antifungal activity with the AR homologue composition and, in particular, with the presence of a higher C21:0/C23:0 ratio. The interesting finding of this study suggests a potential application of the AR homologues in crop protection systems and could be an important step toward the development of commercial formulations suitable to the prevention of fungal diseases.
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109
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Chen CYO, Kamil A, Blumberg JB. Phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of whole wheat products. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:63-70. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.971228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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110
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Magnucka EG, Pietr SJ, Kozubek A, Zarnowski R. Various effects of the photosystem II--inhibiting herbicides on 5-n-alkylresorcinol accumulation in rye seedlings. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 116:56-62. [PMID: 25454521 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of three PSII-inhibiting herbicides, lenacil, linuron, and pyrazon, on the accumulation of 5-n-alkylresorcinols in rye seedlings (Secale cereale L.) grown under various light and thermal conditions was studied. All used chemicals increased resorcinolic lipid content in both green and etiolated plants grown at 29 °C. At 22 °C pyrazon and lenacil decreased the content of alkylresorcinols in plants kept in the darkness and increased their amount in the light-grown seedlings. In turn, level of resorcinolic lipids was decreased by linuron in both etiolated and green plants. At the lowest tested temperature lenacil enhanced production of alkylresorcinols only in etiolated rye seedlings, whereas the light-independent stimulatory action of pyrazon on alkylresorcinol accumulation in rye grown at 15 °C was observed. Additionally, only the latter did not exert a negative effect on rye seedling growth under any of tested conditions. Compared with respective controls, the herbicides used also markedly modified the qualitative pattern of resorcinolic homologs. Interestingly, the observed changes generally favored the enhanced antifungal activity of these compounds. Our study provides novel information on the influence of PSII inhibitors on alkylresorcinol metabolism in rye seedlings. The unquestionable achievement of this work is the observation that low dose of pyrazon mainly stimulated both growth and alkylresorcinol synthesis in rye seedlings, a non-target plant. Moreover, our experimental work showed unambiguously that the observed pyrazon-driven accumulation and homolog pattern modification of alkylresorcinols dramatically improved the resistance of winter rye to infections caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta G Magnucka
- Agricultural Microbiology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Stanisław J Pietr
- Agricultural Microbiology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kozubek
- Lipids and Liposomes Lab, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robert Zarnowski
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 4125 Microbial Sciences Building, 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
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111
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Magnusdottir OK, Landberg R, Gunnarsdottir I, Cloetens L, Åkesson B, Rosqvist F, Schwab U, Herzig KH, Hukkanen J, Savolainen MJ, Brader L, Hermansen K, Kolehmainen M, Poutanen K, Uusitupa M, Risérus U, Thorsdottir I. Whole grain rye intake, reflected by a biomarker, is associated with favorable blood lipid outcomes in subjects with the metabolic syndrome--a randomized study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110827. [PMID: 25340768 PMCID: PMC4207773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Few studies have explored the possible plasma cholesterol lowering effects of rye consumption. The aim of this secondary analysis in the SYSDIET study was to investigate the association between plasma alkylresorcinols (AR), a biomarker for whole grain wheat and rye intake, and blood lipid concentrations in a population with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, we analyzed the associations between the AR C17∶0/C21∶0 ratio, a suggested marker of the relative intake of whole grain/bran rye, and blood lipid concentrations. Methods Participants were 30–65 years of age, with body mass index (BMI) 27–40 kg/m2 and had metabolic syndrome. Individuals were recruited through six centers in the Nordic countries and randomized either to a healthy Nordic diet (ND, n = 93), rich in whole grain rye and wheat, as well as berries, fruits and vegetables, rapeseed oil, three fish meals per week and low-fat dairy products, or a control diet (n = 65) for 18/24 weeks. Associations between total plasma AR concentration and C17∶0/C21∶0 homologue ratio and blood lipids were investigated in pooled (ND + control group) regression analyses at 18/24 weeks adjusted for baseline value for the dependent variable, age, BMI and statin use. Results When adjusted for confounders, total plasma AR at 18/24 weeks was not significantly associated with blood lipids but the AR ratio C17∶0/C21∶0 was inversely associated with LDL cholesterol concentrations (B (95% CI): −0.41 (−0.80 to −0.02)), log LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio (−0.20 (−0.37 to −0.03)), log non-HDL cholesterol (−0.20 (−0.37 to −0.03)), log apolipoprotein B (−0.12 (−0.24 to 0.00)) and log triglyceride concentrations (−0.35 (−0.59 to −0.12)). Discussion Increased proportion of whole grain rye, reflected by a biomarker, in the diet is associated with favorable blood lipid outcomes, a relationship that should be further investigated. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00992641
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Kally Magnusdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali -The National University Hospital of Iceland and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- * E-mail:
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Food Science, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingibjorg Gunnarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali -The National University Hospital of Iceland and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biocenter, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland and Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J. Savolainen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lea Brader
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo and Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo and Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali -The National University Hospital of Iceland and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Scalbert A, Brennan L, Manach C, Andres-Lacueva C, Dragsted LO, Draper J, Rappaport SM, van der Hooft JJJ, Wishart DS. The food metabolome: a window over dietary exposure. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:1286-308. [PMID: 24760973 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.076133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The food metabolome is defined as the part of the human metabolome directly derived from the digestion and biotransformation of foods and their constituents. With >25,000 compounds known in various foods, the food metabolome is extremely complex, with a composition varying widely according to the diet. By its very nature it represents a considerable and still largely unexploited source of novel dietary biomarkers that could be used to measure dietary exposures with a high level of detail and precision. Most dietary biomarkers currently have been identified on the basis of our knowledge of food compositions by using hypothesis-driven approaches. However, the rapid development of metabolomics resulting from the development of highly sensitive modern analytic instruments, the availability of metabolite databases, and progress in (bio)informatics has made agnostic approaches more attractive as shown by the recent identification of novel biomarkers of intakes for fruit, vegetables, beverages, meats, or complex diets. Moreover, examples also show how the scrutiny of the food metabolome can lead to the discovery of bioactive molecules and dietary factors associated with diseases. However, researchers still face hurdles, which slow progress and need to be resolved to bring this emerging field of research to maturity. These limits were discussed during the First International Workshop on the Food Metabolome held in Glasgow. Key recommendations made during the workshop included more coordination of efforts; development of new databases, software tools, and chemical libraries for the food metabolome; and shared repositories of metabolomic data. Once achieved, major progress can be expected toward a better understanding of the complex interactions between diet and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Scalbert
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Claudine Manach
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Cristina Andres-Lacueva
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - John Draper
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Stephen M Rappaport
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - Justin J J van der Hooft
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
| | - David S Wishart
- From the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (AS); University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (LB); the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); Clermont University, Clermont-Ferrand, France (CM); the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (CA-L); the University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark (LOD); Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom (JD); the University of California, Berkeley, CA (SMR); the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (JJJvdH); and the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (DSW)
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113
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Andersson AA, Dimberg L, Åman P, Landberg R. Recent findings on certain bioactive components in whole grain wheat and rye. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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114
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Stasiuk M, Janiszewska A, Kozubek A. Phenolic lipids affect the activity and conformation of acetylcholinesterase from Electrophorus electricus (Electric eel). Nutrients 2014; 6:1823-31. [PMID: 24787269 PMCID: PMC4042574 DOI: 10.3390/nu6051823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic lipids were isolated from rye grains, cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) from Anacardium occidentale, and fruit bodies of Merrulius tremellosus, and their effects on the electric eel acetylcholinesterase activity and conformation were studied. The observed effect distinctly depended on the chemical structure of the phenolic lipids that were available for interaction with the enzyme. All of the tested compounds reduced the activity of acetylcholinesterase. The degree of inhibition varied, showing a correlation with changes in the conformation of the enzyme tested by the intrinsic fluorescence of the Trp residues of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stasiuk
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
| | - Alicja Janiszewska
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Kozubek
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
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Landberg R, Marklund M, Kamal-Eldin A, Åman P. An update on alkylresorcinols – Occurrence, bioavailability, bioactivity and utility as biomarkers. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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116
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Hammed AM, Simsek S. REVIEW: Hulled Wheats: A Review of Nutritional Properties and Processing Methods. Cereal Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-09-13-0179-rw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Monsur Hammed
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, P.O. Box 6050, Department 7670, Fargo, ND, 58105, U.S.A
- International Islamic University Malaysia, Biotechnology Engineering, Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Senay Simsek
- North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, P.O. Box 6050, Department 7670, Fargo, ND, 58105, U.S.A
- Corresponding author. Phone: (701) 231-7737. Fax: (701) 231-8474. E-mail:
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Magnusdottir OK, Landberg R, Gunnarsdottir I, Cloetens L, Akesson B, Landin-Olsson M, Rosqvist F, Iggman D, Schwab U, Herzig KH, Savolainen MJ, Brader L, Hermansen K, Kolehmainen M, Poutanen K, Uusitupa M, Thorsdottir I, Risérus U. Plasma alkylresorcinols C17:0/C21:0 ratio, a biomarker of relative whole-grain rye intake, is associated to insulin sensitivity: a randomized study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:453-8. [PMID: 24549027 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Few studies have used biomarkers of whole-grain intake to study its relation to glucose metabolism. We aimed to investigate the association between plasma alkylresorcinols (AR), a biomarker of whole-grain rye and wheat intake, and glucose metabolism in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). SUBJECTS/METHODS Participants were 30-65 years of age, with body mass index 27-40 kg/m(2) and had MetS without diabetes. Individuals were recruited through six centers in the Nordic countries and randomized to a healthy Nordic diet (ND, n=96), rich in whole-grain rye and wheat, or a control diet (n=70), for 18-24 weeks. In addition, associations between total plasma AR concentration and C17:0/C21:0 homolog ratio as an indication of the relative whole-grain rye intake, and glucose metabolism measures from oral glucose tolerance tests were investigated in pooled (ND+control) regression analyses at 18/24 weeks. RESULTS ND did not improve glucose metabolism compared with control diet, but the AR C17:0/C21:0 ratio was inversely associated with fasting insulin concentrations (P=0.002) and positively associated with the insulin sensitivity indices Matsuda ISI (P=0.026) and disposition index (P=0.022) in pooled analyses at 18/24 weeks, even after adjustment for confounders. The AR C17:0/C21:0 ratio was not significantly associated with insulin secretion indices. Total plasma AR concentration was not related to fasting plasma glucose or fasting insulin at 18/24 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The AR C17:0/C21:0 ratio, an indicator of relative whole-grain rye intake, is associated with increased insulin sensitivity in a population with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- O K Magnusdottir
- 1] Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland [2] Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition and School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - R Landberg
- 1] Department of Food Science, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden [2] Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Gunnarsdottir
- 1] Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland [2] Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition and School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - L Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - B Akesson
- 1] Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden [2] Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Landin-Olsson
- Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - F Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D Iggman
- 1] Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden [2] Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
| | - U Schwab
- 1] Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland [2] Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K-H Herzig
- 1] Department of Physiology and Biocenter of Oulu, Institute of Biomedicine, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland [2] Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M J Savolainen
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland [2] Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - L Brader
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Kolehmainen
- 1] Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland [2] VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo and Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Poutanen
- 1] Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland [2] VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo and Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Uusitupa
- 1] Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland [2] Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - I Thorsdottir
- 1] Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland [2] Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition and School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - U Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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118
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Rebolleda S, Beltrán S, Sanz MT, González-SanJosé ML. Supercritical fluid extraction of wheat bran oil: Study of extraction yield and oil quality. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rebolleda
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science; University of Burgos; Burgos Spain
| | - Sagrario Beltrán
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science; University of Burgos; Burgos Spain
| | - María Teresa Sanz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science; University of Burgos; Burgos Spain
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Kyrø C, Olsen A, Landberg R, Skeie G, Loft S, Åman P, Leenders M, Dik VK, Siersema PD, Pischon T, Christensen J, Overvad K, Boutron-Ruault MC, Fagherazzi G, Cottet V, Kühn T, Chang-Claude J, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Trichopoulos D, Palli D, Krogh V, Tumino R, Vineis P, Panico S, Peeters PH, Weiderpass E, Bakken T, Åsli LA, Argüelles M, Jakszyn P, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Huerta JM, Barricarte A, Ljuslinder I, Palmqvist R, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Key TJ, Travis RC, Ferrari P, Freisling H, Jenab M, Gunter MJ, Murphy N, Riboli E, Tjønneland A, Bueno-de-Mesquita HBA. Plasma alkylresorcinols, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake, and incidence of colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:djt352. [PMID: 24317181 PMCID: PMC3906988 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the association between whole-grain intake and colorectal cancer. Because whole-grain intake estimation might be prone to measurement errors, more objective measures (eg, biomarkers) could assist in investigating such associations. METHODS The association between alkylresorcinols, biomarkers of whole-grain rye and wheat intake, and colorectal cancer incidence were investigated using prediagnostic plasma samples from colorectal cancer case patients and matched control subjects nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. We included 1372 incident colorectal cancer case patients and 1372 individual matched control subjects and calculated the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for overall and anatomical subsites of colorectal cancer using conditional logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders. Regional differences (Scandinavia, the Mediterranean, Central Europe) were also explored. RESULTS High plasma total alkylresorcinol concentration was associated with lower incidence of distal colon cancer; the adjusted incidence rate ratio of distal colon cancer for the highest vs lowest quartile of plasma total alkylresorcinols was 0.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.28 to 0.83). An inverse association between plasma total alkylresorcinol concentrations and colon cancer was found for Scandinavian participants (IRR per doubling = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.98). However, plasma total alkylresorcinol concentrations were not associated with overall colorectal cancer, proximal colon cancer, or rectal cancer. Plasma alkylresorcinols concentrations were associated with colon and distal colon cancer only in Central Europe and Scandinavia (ie, areas where alkylresorcinol levels were higher). CONCLUSIONS High concentrations of plasma alkylresorcinols were associated with a lower incidence of distal colon cancer but not with overall colorectal cancer, proximal colon cancer, and rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Kyrø
- Affiliations of authors: Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark (CK, AO, JC, AT); Department of Food Science, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden (RL, PÅ); Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway (GS, EW, TB, LAÅ); Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (SL); Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (ML, VKD, PDS, BB) and Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (PHP), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany (TP); Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (KO); Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France (M-CB-R, GF, VC); Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France (M-CB-R, GF, VC); IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France (M-CB-R, GF, VC); German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany (TK, JC-C); Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany (HB); Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece (ATR, CB, DT); WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece (ATR, CB); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (DT); Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece (DT); Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute-ISPO, Florence, Italy (DP); Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy (VK); Cancer Registry and His
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Blandino M, Sovrani V, Marinaccio F, Reyneri A, Rolle L, Giacosa S, Locatelli M, Bordiga M, Travaglia F, Coïsson JD, Arlorio M. Nutritional and technological quality of bread enriched with an intermediated pearled wheat fraction. Food Chem 2013; 141:2549-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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121
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Tu J, Chen J, Zhu S, Zhang C, Chen H, Liu Y. Inhibition of wheat bran and it's active compoments on α-glucosidase in vitro. Pharmacogn Mag 2013; 9:309-14. [PMID: 24124282 PMCID: PMC3793335 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.117826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Wheat bran is a traditional Chinese medicine; however, it is mostly used as feedstuff in China. Wheat bran is widely accepted as an important ingredient in many low-glycemic index foods in modern western societies; however, its glycemic control mechanism is unknown. Objective: To determine potent α-glucosidase inhibitory compounds from wheat bran and to identify the inhibition on α-glucosidase. Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extract of wheat bran was prepared to evaluate the inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase, then fractionation of the extract was guided by in vitro enzyme-inhibition assay, and the potent α-glucosidase inhibitory compounds were identified by high performance liquid chromatography and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry; finally the enzyme inhibition process was studied using the Michaelis-Menton and the Lineweaver-Burk equations. Results: Both baker's yeast and rat intestinal enzymes were mostly inhibited (87.9% and 66.8% inhibition, respectively) at concentration 0.6 mg/mL of the ethanolic extract of wheat bran. The petroleum ether fraction in the ethanolic extract of wheat bran showed significant activity against rat intestinal α-glucosidase, and revealed a dose-dependent effect. The inhibition was 76.57% at 0.3 mg/mL and 100% at 0.6 mg/mL. The active fraction 13 of petroleum ether fraction was identified as alkylresorcinols (ARs). ARs showed strong inhibition towards α-glucosidase and its IC50 value was found to be 37.58 μg/mL. The enzyme kinetic studies showed that, in the presence of ARs, the Michaelis-Menton constant (Km) remains constant whereas the maximal velocity (Vmax) decreases, revealing a non-competitive type of inhibition. Conclusion: The therapeutic potentiality of ARs in the management of the postprandial hyperglycemia will proliferate the utilization of wheat bran in controlling type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, P. R. China ; Department of Biotechnology and Engineering, College of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212018, P. R. China
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122
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Ramos Diaz JM, Kirjoranta S, Tenitz S, Penttilä PA, Serimaa R, Lampi AM, Jouppila K. Use of amaranth, quinoa and kañiwa in extruded corn-based snacks. J Cereal Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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123
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Gunenc A, HadiNezhad M, Tamburic-Ilincic L, Mayer PM, Hosseinian F. Effects of region and cultivar on alkylresorcinols content and composition in wheat bran and their antioxidant activity. J Cereal Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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124
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Stability and antioxidant activity of alkyresorcinols in breads enriched with hard and soft wheat brans. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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125
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Bellato S, Ciccoritti R, Del Frate V, Sgrulletta D, Carbone K. Influence of genotype and environment on the content of 5-n alkylresorcinols, total phenols and on the antiradical activity of whole durum wheat grains. J Cereal Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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126
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Content and relative composition of some phytochemicals in diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid Triticum species with potential nutraceutical properties. J Cereal Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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127
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Hübner F, Arendt EK. Germination of Cereal Grains as a Way to Improve the Nutritional Value: A Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53:853-61. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.562060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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128
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Kim SY, Colpitts CC, Wiedemann G, Jepson C, Rahimi M, Rothwell JR, McInnes AD, Hasebe M, Reski R, Sterenberg BT, Suh DY. Physcomitrella PpORS, basal to plant type III polyketide synthases in phylogenetic trees, is a very long chain 2'-oxoalkylresorcinol synthase. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:2767-77. [PMID: 23223578 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.430686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant type III polyketide synthases (PKSs), which produce diverse secondary metabolites with different biological activities, have successfully co-evolved with land plants. To gain insight into the roles that ancestral type III PKSs played during the early evolution of land plants, we cloned and characterized PpORS from the moss Physcomitrella. PpORS has been proposed to closely resemble the most recent common ancestor of the plant type III PKSs. PpORS condenses a very long chain fatty acyl-CoA with four molecules of malonyl-CoA and catalyzes decarboxylative aldol cyclization to yield the pentaketide 2'-oxoalkylresorcinol. Therefore, PpORS is a 2'-oxoalkylresorcinol synthase. Structure modeling and sequence alignments identified a unique set of amino acid residues (Gln(218), Val(277), and Ala(286)) at the putative PpORS active site. Substitution of the Ala(286) to Phe apparently constricted the active site cavity, and the A286F mutant instead produced triketide alkylpyrones from fatty acyl-CoA substrates with shorter chain lengths. Phylogenetic analysis and comparison of the active sites of PpORS and alkylresorcinol synthases from sorghum and rice suggested that the gramineous enzymes evolved independently from PpORS to have similar functions but with distinct active site architecture. Microarray analysis revealed that PpORS is exclusively expressed in nonprotonemal moss cells. The in planta function of PpORS, therefore, is probably related to a nonprotonemal structure, such as the cuticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
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129
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Menzel C, Kamal-Eldin A, Marklund M, Andersson A, Åman P, Landberg R. Alkylresorcinols in Swedish cereal food products. J Food Compost Anal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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130
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Bartłomiej S, Justyna RK, Ewa N. Bioactive compounds in cereal grains – occurrence, structure, technological significance and nutritional benefits – a review. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2012; 18:559-68. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013211433079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review presents current information about principal, biologically active compounds contained in grains of cereals that are most popular in Europe (wheat, rye, barley and oat). The tendency to provide consumers with safe foods, which promote their health and are based on cereal grains and/or their components with the high nutritive value, has been recently observed. The intake of protective substances contained in whole grains and their fractions contributes to a decreased risk of food-dependent diseases like the coronary heart disease and insulin-dependent diabetes. This study describes the structure, occurrence in cereal grains, technological importance and beneficial influence on human health of bioactive substances such as arabinoxylans, β-glucans, alkylresorcinols, tocols and phytosterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siurek Bartłomiej
- Department of Starch and Confectionary, Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rosicka-Kaczmarek Justyna
- Department of Starch and Confectionary, Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Nebesny Ewa
- Department of Starch and Confectionary, Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Technical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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131
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Ross AB. Analysis of alkylresorcinols in cereal grains and products using ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence, ultraviolet, and CoulArray electrochemical detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8954-62. [PMID: 22880887 DOI: 10.1021/jf301332q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols are phenolic lipids, with homologues ranging from C17 to C25, found in high concentrations in whole grain wheat and rye, lower concentrations in barley, and negligible concentrations in refined wheat flour. The analysis of alkylresorcinols is of importance due to their potential as biomarkers of whole grain intake and emerging evidence for some biological effects. Present HPLC methods have insufficient resolution for accurately quantitating the mix of alkyl- and alkenylresorcinols found in rye. An ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography method was developed, and three detection methods (CoulArray (CAED), ultraviolet (UV), and fluorescence detection (FD)) were compared for cereal alkylresorcinol analysis. The lower limits of quantitation and detection were 50 and 20 pg injected, 5 pg and 2 pg injected, and 500 and 1250 pg injected for FD, CAED, and UV, respectively. FD and CAED provided similar results, with some bias for higher results with FD (<10% difference). UV detection generally resulted in overestimation of alkylresorcinol concentrations. The method was applied to cereal (15) and cereal product (90) samples mainly from the United States with results in the same range as previous methods. The improved resolution with this method allows facile analysis of alkylresorcinols from cereal products, including minor unsaturated homologues such as those found in rye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair B Ross
- Nestlé Research Centre, Vers chez les Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
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132
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Nordlund E, Aura AM, Mattila I, Kössö T, Rouau X, Poutanen K. Formation of phenolic microbial metabolites and short-chain fatty acids from rye, wheat, and oat bran and their fractions in the metabolical in vitro colon model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8134-8145. [PMID: 22731123 DOI: 10.1021/jf3008037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rye bran and aleurone, wheat bran and aleurone, and oat bran and cell wall concentrate were compared in their in vitro gut fermentation patterns of individual phenolic acids and short-chain fatty acids, preceded by enzymatic in vitro digestion mimicking small intestinal events. The formation of phenolic metabolites was the most pronounced from the wheat aleurone fraction. Phenylpropionic acids, presumably derived from ferulic acid (FA), were the major phenyl metabolites formed from all bran preparations. The processed rye, wheat, and oat bran fractions contained more water-extractable dietary fiber (DF) and had smaller particle sizes and were thus more easily fermentable than the corresponding brans. Rye aleurone and bran had the highest fermentation rate and extent probably due to high fructan and water-extractable arabinoxylan content. Oat samples also had a high content of water-extractable DF, β-glucan, but their fermentation rate was lower. Enzymatic digestion prior to in vitro colon fermentation changed the structure of oat cell walls as visualized by microscopy and increased the particle size, which is suggested to have retarded the fermentability of oat samples. Wheat bran was the most slowly fermentable among the studied samples, presumably due to the high proportion of water-unextractable DF. The in vitro digestion reduced the fructan content of wheat samples, thus also decreasing their fermentability. Among the studied short-chain fatty acids, acetate dominated the profiles. The highest and lowest production of propionate was from the oat and wheat samples, respectively. Interestingly, wheat aleurone generated similar amounts of butyrate as the rye fractions even without rapid gas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Nordlund
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
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133
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Marklund M, Landberg R, Andersson R, Aman P, Kamal-Eldin A. Alkylresorcinol metabolism in Swedish adults is affected by factors other than intake of whole-grain wheat and rye. J Nutr 2012; 142:1479-86. [PMID: 22739366 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.159244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The urinary alkylresorcinol (AR) metabolites, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid (DHPPA), could potentially serve as biomarkers for intake of whole-grain (WG) wheat and rye. Excretion of AR metabolites is largely dependent on the intake of AR but may also be influenced by other factors. This study aimed to investigate the validity of free and conjugated AR metabolites as biomarkers for WG intake of wheat and rye and to identify potential determinants of AR metabolites in urine. We quantified free aglycones and conjugates of AR metabolites in 24-h urine collections from 52 free-living Swedish adults and calculated correlation coefficients between urinary AR metabolite excretion and self-reported WG intake. We used partial least-squares regression to identify possible determinants of urinary AR metabolites. Approximately 50% of urinary AR metabolites were found as conjugates. Excretions of individually quantified free and conjugated AR metabolites and their sums were correlated to self-reported intake of WG rye and wheat (r = 0.50-0.68; P < 0.001). Excretion of urinary AR metabolites was mainly dependent on intake of 2 major dietary AR homologs, C19:0 and C21:0. Sex, BMI, and vitamin C intake were identified as determinants of the proportion of free and glucuronidated DHPPA in the present study. Urinary AR metabolites may be useful in reflecting short-term to medium-term intake of WG, but urine samples should be deconjugated prior to quantification. Anthropometric and dietary factors affecting the proportion of conjugated AR metabolites in urine may to some extent influence AR elimination and thereby the performance of urinary AR metabolites as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Marklund
- Department of Food Science, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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134
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Meija L, Samaletdin A, Koskela A, Lejnieks A, Lietuvietis V, Adlercreutz H. Alkylresorcinols in Latvian and Finnish breads. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 64:117-21. [PMID: 22816971 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2012.706599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The alkylresorcinol (AR) content and relative homologue composition were determined in 9 Latvian and 11 Finnish soft breads. ARs were extracted with hot 1-propanol and quantified, using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The total AR content (μg/g dry matter) varied from 560 to 840 in rye breads, from 500 to 700 in Finnish mixed rye and wheat flour breads, from 200 to 300 in Latvian mixed rye and wheat flour breads and from 25 to 30 in white wheat breads. Rye and white wheat breads in the two countries varied only slightly in AR content, but there were wide variations in AR content in mixed flour breads. The AR contents in soft breads could be indicators of bran or fibre content, but not of whole-grain flour content.
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135
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136
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Söderholm PP, Alfthan G, Koskela AH, Adlercreutz H, Tikkanen MJ. The effect of high-fiber rye bread enriched with nonesterified plant sterols on major serum lipids and apolipoproteins in normocholesterolemic individuals. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:575-582. [PMID: 21215605 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant sterols are naturally occurring cholesterol-lowering compounds which are industrially incorporated in various foods. A novel food carrier is rye bread, the intake of which can be monitored in trials utilizing newly defined plasma biomarkers. Our aim was to determine the effects of plant sterols incorporated into high-fiber rye bread on serum total and LDL cholesterol, apoB/apoA1 and total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratios and lipophilic (pro)vitamins in healthy free-living normocholesterolemic individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS In this double-blind, dietary intervention trial the subjects (n=68) were randomized to receive a rye bread (9.3g/d fiber) with added plant sterols (2g/d) (active) or without (control). In the second phase of the study the amount of rye bread was doubled providing 18.6g/d fiber and in the active group 4g/d plant sterols. Compliance was monitored utilizing 3-day food diaries and a novel rye fiber-derived biomarker in plasma. Intake of rye bread enriched with 2g/d of plant sterols during two weeks reduced significantly serum total and LDL cholesterol, apoB/apoA1 and total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratios by 5.1%, 8.1%, 8.3% and 7.2%, respectively, compared to controls. Correspondingly, the following two-week treatment with 4g/d of plant sterols resulted in 6.5%, 10.4%, 5.5% and 3.7% difference compared to controls, being most pronounced for LDL (0.33 mmol/L). The treatments did not affect lipophilic (pro)vitamin levels. CONCLUSION Rye bread enriched with 2-4g/d of nonesterified plant sterols beneficially modifies cardiovascular lipid risk factors in normocholesterolemic subjects compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Söderholm
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, Finland.
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137
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Holt MD, Moreau RA, DerMarderosian A, McKeown N, Jacques PF. Accelerated solvent extraction of alkylresorcinols in food products containing uncooked and cooked wheat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4799-4802. [PMID: 22530555 DOI: 10.1021/jf3001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This research focuses on the overall extraction process of alkylresorcinols (ARs) from uncooked grains and baked products that have been processed with wheat, corn, rice, and white flour. Previously established extraction methods developed by Ross and colleagues, as well as a semiautomated method involving accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), were applied to extract ARs within freshly ground samples. For extraction of alkylresorcinols, nonpolar solvents such as ethyl acetate have been recommended for the extraction of uncooked foods, and polar solvents such as 1-propanol:water (3:1 v/v) have been recommended for the extraction of baked foods that contain rye, wheat, or other starch-rich grains. A comparison of AR extraction methods has been investigated with the application of gas chromatography and a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) to quantify the AR content. The goal of this research was to compare the rapid accelerated solvent extraction of the alkylresorcinols (ASE-AR) method to the previous manual AR extraction methods. Results for this study as well as the investigation of the overall efficiency of ASE-AR extraction with the use of a spiking study indicated that it can be comparable to current extraction methods but with less time required. Furthermore, the extraction time for ASE (approximately 40 min) is much more convenient and less tedious and time-consuming than previously established methods, which range from 5 h for processed foods to 24 h for raw grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monte D Holt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Pharmacognosy Program, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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138
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Shewry PR, Ward JL. Exploiting genetic variation to improve wheat composition for the prevention of chronic diseases. Food Energy Secur 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Shewry
- Department of Plant Science; Rothamsted Research; Harpenden; Hertfordshire; AL5 2JQ; UK
| | - Jane L. Ward
- Department of Plant Science; Rothamsted Research; Harpenden; Hertfordshire; AL5 2JQ; UK
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139
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Alkylresorcinol metabolites in urine correlate with the intake of whole grains and cereal fibre in free-living Swedish adults. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:129-36. [PMID: 22470195 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (AR) have been established as short/medium-term biomarkers for whole grain (WG) wheat and rye intake; and AR metabolites, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid, have been suggested as complementary biomarkers to AR. The present study examined the medium-term reproducibility and relative validity of urinary AR metabolites as biomarkers for WG and cereal fibre intake. A total of sixty-six free-living Swedes completed 3 d weighed food records and provided single 24 h urine collections and morning urine spot samples on two occasions, 2-3 months apart. The medium-term reproducibility of urinary AR metabolites was moderate when assessed in 24 h collections and lower in creatinine (CR)-adjusted morning urine. Mean AR metabolite 24 h excretions correlated well with total WG (r(s) 0·31-0·52, P < 0·05) and cereal fibre (r(s) 0·46-0·58, P < 0·001) intake on both occasions. As expected, correlations with WG (r(s) 0·28-0·38, P < 0·05) and cereal fibre (r(s) 0·35-0·42, P < 0·01) were weaker for mean CR-adjusted AR metabolite concentrations in spot samples of morning urine, although the adjusted concentrations correlated well with 24 h urinary excretion (r(s) 0·69-0·73, P < 0·001). Adjustment for intra-individual variations substantially improved the correlations between intake and excretion. These findings suggest that urinary AR metabolites can successfully reflect the medium-term intake of WG and cereal fibre when adjusted for intra-individual variation in this population, where rye was the major contributor to high WG intake. The performance of urinary AR metabolites as medium-term biomarkers appears to be comparable to that of fasting plasma AR concentration in this population.
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140
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Rye bread intake improves oxidation resistance of LDL in healthy humans. Atherosclerosis 2012; 221:583-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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141
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Ross AB. Present status and perspectives on the use of alkylresorcinols as biomarkers of wholegrain wheat and rye intake. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:462967. [PMID: 22363838 PMCID: PMC3270436 DOI: 10.1155/2012/462967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (ARs) were first proposed as potential biomarkers of wholegrain wheat and rye intake a decade ago. Since then there has been a considerable body of research which suggests that ARs do meet most criteria of a biomarker of these foods. Results from human studies on plasma AR and their plasma and urinary metabolites strongly indicate that these compounds are responsive to whole grain wheat and rye intake and are correlated with various measures of AR consumption. This review briefly summarises work on the bioactivities of AR and focuses on aspects related to their use as biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intake. Evidence suggests that they thus far broadly fulfil the criteria to act as biomarkers of these cereals. However, there are still gaps in the knowledge on factors relating to the wide interindividual variation, and application to different epidemiological cohorts. Overall, ARs are highly promising biomarkers of whole grain wheat and rye intake and add to our increasing understanding of whole grains and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair B. Ross
- Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, Nestlé Research Center, Vers Chez Les Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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142
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Ross AB, Bourgeois A, Macharia HN, Kochhar S, Jebb SA, Brownlee IA, Seal CJ. Plasma alkylresorcinols as a biomarker of whole-grain food consumption in a large population: results from the WHOLEheart Intervention Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:204-11. [PMID: 22170369 PMCID: PMC3592483 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.008508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small-scale, short-term intervention studies have suggested that plasma alkylresorcinol (AR) concentrations may be biomarkers of whole grain (WG) wheat and rye intakes. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine whether plasma AR concentrations reflect self-reported WG food intake in a 16-wk WG intervention study and to establish which phenotypic characteristics influence plasma AR concentrations. DESIGN In a randomized parallel-group dietary intervention study, 316 overweight and obese participants with a WG intake of <30 g/d were recruited and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: control (no dietary change), intervention 1 (60 g WG/d for 16 wk), or intervention 2 (60 g WG/d for 8 wk followed by 120 g WG/d for 8 wk). Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline, 8 wk, and 16 wk for the measurement of plasma lipids and ARs. RESULTS Plasma samples from 266 study completers were analyzed. Total plasma AR concentrations increased with the WG intervention and could be used to distinguish between control subjects and those who consumed 60 or 120 g WG, but not between those who consumed 60 and 120 g WG. Plasma AR concentrations were higher in men, were positively associated with plasma triglyceride concentrations, and were negatively associated with nonesterified fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS Plasma AR concentrations were correlated with WG intake and could be used to distinguish between low- and high-WG consumers. Sex and plasma lipid concentrations independently influenced plasma AR concentrations, although plasma triglycerides may explain higher concentrations in men. This trial is registered as ISRCT no. 83078872.
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143
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Liu L, Winter KM, Stevenson L, Morris C, Leach DN. Wheat bran lipophilic compounds with in vitro anticancer effects. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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144
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Optimization of alkylresorcinols extraction from triticale bran using response surface methodology. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-011-0756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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145
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Gliwa J, Gunenc A, Ames N, Willmore WG, Hosseinian FS. Antioxidant activity of alkylresorcinols from rye bran and their protective effects on cell viability of PC-12 AC cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11473-11482. [PMID: 21910481 DOI: 10.1021/jf2023353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are phenolic lipids that are present in high amounts in the bran layer of different cereals. Rye samples, cultivar Hazlet, and a white rye genotype, RT202, were analyzed for their antioxidant properties and AR content and composition, based on six fractions of the bran, where 1 was the outermost fraction and 6 was the bran fraction closest to the endosperm. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis demonstrated that the most commonly found AR homologue in Hazlet rye is C19:0 and that the total amount of ARs decreases from the outermost to innermost fractions. The antioxidant activity using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) for both white rye genotype RT202 and Hazlet brans was determined to decrease from the outermost fraction (136.05 μmol TE/g for Hazlet fraction 1 and 186.57 μmol TE/g for white rye genotype RT202 fraction 1) to the innermost fraction (9.84 μmol TE/g for Hazlet fraction 6 and 78.75 μmol TE/g for white rye genotype RT202 fraction 2). A positive relationship was seen with GC-MS results. Treatment of PC-12 AC cells with Hazlet fraction 1 increased mitochondrial biogenesis as determined using mitochondrial fluorescent dyes. In the presence of a prooxidant (AAPH), PC-12 AC cells were better protected from free radical attack when treated with Hazlet fraction 1 than with all other bran fractions. The results suggest that higher AR content in bran fractions confers antioxidant protection against free radical damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gliwa
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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146
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Moreno-Franco B, García-González Á, Montero-Bravo AM, Iglesias-Gutiérrez E, Úbeda N, Maroto-Núñez L, Adlercreutz H, Peñalvo JL. Dietary alkylresorcinols and lignans in the Spanish diet: development of the alignia database. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:9827-9834. [PMID: 21815609 DOI: 10.1021/jf2015446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The intake of alkylresorcinols and lignans in Spain is unknown due to the lack of information on the content of these compounds in particular foods. This paper describes the development of the first alkylresorcinol and lignan database adapted to the Spanish diet, including foods items especially relevant for this population. The values of alkylresorcinols and lignans in common foods and beverages were collected from scientific publications in refereed journals, and other foods particularly consumed in Spain, for which values were not available, were analyzed by standardized protocols and included into the database. The Alignia database presents the content of alkylresorcinols in 88 food items and the lignan content of 593 foods and beverages. Using the database, the intake of lignans in Spain, calculated using data from the Food Composition Panel based on household consumption, was estimated to be 0.76 mg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Moreno-Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging, National Center for Cardiovascular Research, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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147
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Andersson U, Dey ES, Holm C, Degerman E. Rye bran alkylresorcinols suppress adipocyte lipolysis and hormone-sensitive lipase activity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55 Suppl 2:S290-3. [PMID: 21887818 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The effects of alkylresorcinols (ARs) isolated from rye bran on adipocyte lipolysis, hormone-sensitive lipase activity and phosphorylation and on phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates were studied. Preincubation with ARs for 18 h suppressed catecholamine-stimulated lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), a key lipase responsible for stimulated lipolysis, and phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates, were diminished after preincubation with ARs, whereas HSL protein expression was unaltered. ARs were also shown to inhibit HSL activity in an in vitro assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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148
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Andersson A, Marklund M, Diana M, Landberg R. Plasma alkylresorcinol concentrations correlate with whole grain wheat and rye intake and show moderate reproducibility over a 2- to 3-month period in free-living Swedish adults. J Nutr 2011; 141:1712-8. [PMID: 21775523 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.139238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma alkylresorcinols (AR) are useful as dietary biomarkers of wheat and rye whole grain (WG) during interventions but need to be validated in free-living populations. This study estimated the medium-term reproducibility and relative validity of plasma AR as biomarkers of WG and cereal fiber intake. Seventy-two Swedish adults kept 3-d weighed food records on 2 occasions 2-3 mo apart. Of these men and women, 51 provided a fasting blood sample at the end of each occasion. In addition, 18 participants provided 3 fasting and 3 nonfasting samples for 3 consecutive days on the first and second occasions, respectively. Dietary and blood variables did not differ between the 2 occasions. Nonfasting plasma total AR concentration [210 nmol/L (95% CI: 140, 314)] was higher than fasting [99 nmol/L (95% CI: 72, 137)] (P < 0.0001). Mean WG intake was 70 ± 61 g/d (41% from rye) and the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.44 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.63) for total WG intake and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.27, 0.67) for the fasting plasma total AR concentration, suggesting moderate reproducibility. Fasting plasma total AR moderately correlated with WG rye + wheat (r(s) = 0.53; P < 0.001) and cereal fiber intake (r(s) = 0.32; P < 0.05) when using mean values from both occasions. This suggests that plasma AR concentration in fasting samples can be used as a biomarker of rye + wheat WG intake in free-living populations with a high and consistent WG intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Andersson
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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149
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Atrooz O. Efects of Alkylresorcinolic Lipids Obtained from Acetonic Extract of Jordanian Wheat Grains on Liposome Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijbc.2011.314.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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150
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Abstract
Wholegrain cereals are reported to promote beneficial health effects. Wholegrain wheat and rye are almost exclusive sources of alkylresorcinols, and intact alkylresorcinols together with their plasma and urinary metabolites, 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid (DHPPA) and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), have been proposed as biomarkers of the intake of these foods in humans. The pharmacokinetics of alkylresorcinols and their metabolites in plasma have been determined but not that of the urinary metabolites. We aimed to characterise the urinary pharmacokinetics of alkylresorcinol metabolites in humans to evaluate their potential as biomarkers of wholegrain wheat and rye. A group of fifteen volunteers followed a low-alkylresorcinol diet for 2 d before ingesting a single dose of rye bread, containing 100 mg alkylresorcinols. Urine was collected between baseline (0 h) and 25 h after administration. Thereafter alkylresorcinol metabolites were quantified by HPLC with coulometric electrode array detection. Maximum excretion rates were observed at 5-6 h for both metabolites, DHPPA being predominant over DHBA and also possessing a greater area under the curve0-25 h. Total urinary recovery between 0 and 25 h yielded 43 % of ingested alkylresorcinols, and at 25 h significant amounts of metabolites were still retained in the body, suggesting that even a spot urine sample may be sufficient to indicate whether or not wholegrain wheat or rye is a daily dietary component. These results support the use of urinary DHPPA and DHBA as biomarkers of wholegrain wheat and rye and enable new potential for studying the association between wholegrain intake and diseases, even in the absence of dietary data.
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