101
|
Mason TB, Do B, Chu D, Belcher BR, Dunton GF, Lopez NV. Associations among affect, diet, and activity and binge-eating severity using ecological momentary assessment in a non-clinical sample of middle-aged fathers. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:543-551. [PMID: 33866535 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Knowledge of within-day factors associated with binge-eating severity among middle-aged fathers is limited. The purpose of the current report was to examine within-day associations of affect, diet, and activity in relation to binge-eating severity using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in men. METHODS Twenty-three middle-aged fathers completed 8 days of EMA and wore accelerometers to objectively assess activity. Generalized estimating equations assessed relationships among affect, diet, and activity and binge-eating severity. RESULTS When positive affect was above average, men reported greater binge-eating severity in the next 2 h. Oppositely, when negative affect was above average, men reported less binge-eating severity in the next 2 h. At times when men reported consumption of sweets and fast food, they reported higher binge-eating severity during the same 2-h window. Men with greater average levels of light activity reported less overall binge-eating severity. CONCLUSIONS Findings show that affect, unhealthy food intake, and light activity could be targeted among middle-aged fathers to reduce binge-eating severity and prevent eating disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III: Evidence obtained from cohort or case-control analytic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Bridgette Do
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Daniel Chu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Britni R Belcher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Nanette V Lopez
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
da Fonseca NKDO, Costa MDA, Gosmann NP, Dalle Molle R, Gonçalves FG, Silva AC, Rodrigues Y, Silveira PP, Manfro GG. Emotional eating in women with generalized anxiety disorder. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022; 45:e20210399. [PMID: 35156782 PMCID: PMC10597384 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) seek pleasurable foods to avoid their negative emotional experiences. Ineffective regulation of negative emotions may be a risk factor for emotional eating (EE), leading to suffering, dysfunctional behaviors, and weight gain. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between emotional dysregulation and EE, investigating potential mediators such as the intensity of the worry, avoidance of internal experiences, mindfulness, and self-compassion in female patients with anxiety. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, participants from a randomized clinical trial diagnosed with GAD answered the following instruments at baseline: the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), the Action and Acceptance Questionnaire (AAQ), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). We estimated Pearson correlation coefficients and performed mediation analyses. RESULTS We evaluated 51 female individuals, 34 of whom completed all the questionnaires. Our data showed that EE was positively correlated with emotional dysregulation (r = 0.593; p < 0.001), worry trait (r = 0.402; p = 0.018), and avoidance of internal experiences (r = 0.565; p < 0.001), whereas it was negatively correlated with self-compassion (r = -0.590; p < 0.001) and mindful state (r = -0.383; p = 0.026). Moreover, we demonstrated that self-compassion mediates the relationship between emotional dysregulation and EE (ab product estimate = 0.043, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.003-0.084). CONCLUSION Our findings contribute to the literature by identifying psychological factors that could mediate the association between emotional dysregulation and EE, enabling identification of more effective eating behavior intervention targets for patients with GAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Kim de Oliveira da Fonseca
- Programa de Pó́s-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do ComportamentoUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil Programa de Pó́s-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marianna de Abreu Costa
- Programa de Pó́s-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do ComportamentoUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil Programa de Pó́s-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Natan Pereira Gosmann
- Programa de Pó́s-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do ComportamentoUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil Programa de Pó́s-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Dalle Molle
- Department of PsychiatryFaculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Francine Guimarães Gonçalves
- Programa de Pó́s-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do ComportamentoUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil Programa de Pó́s-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Alice Cardozo Silva
- UFRGSPorto AlegreRSBrazil Curso de Graduação em Nutrição, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ylana Rodrigues
- UFRGSPorto AlegreRSBrazil Curso de Graduação em Nutrição, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Department of PsychiatryFaculty of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental HealthDouglas Mental Health University InstituteMontrealCanada Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- Programa de Pó́s-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do ComportamentoUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil Programa de Pó́s-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Conceição EM, Moreira CS, de Lourdes M, Ramalho S, Vaz AR. Exploring Correlates of Loss of Control Eating in a Nonclinical Sample. Front Psychol 2022; 12:787558. [PMID: 35222152 PMCID: PMC8874330 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.787558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss of control (LOC) eating has been directly related to the core aspects of the psychopathology of eating disorders and to different dimensions of emotion and behavior regulation and self-criticism. This study investigates a model representing the interplay between these dimensions to understand LOC eating among a nonclinical sample. METHODS A total of 341 participants, recruited in a college campus (mean age 23.21, SD = 6.02), completed a set of self-report measures assessing LOC eating, weight suppression, psychopathology of eating disorders, depression, negative urgency, emotion regulation difficulties, and self-criticism. Path analysis modeling tested a hypothesized model with 3 paths for LOC eating as follows: (1) psychopathology of eating disorders; (2) emotion and behavior regulation; and (3) interplay between these paths. RESULTS We found goodness-of-fit indexes to our data: χ2 = 17.11, df = 10, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.99, Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.98, Root Mean Square Error Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.045, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.041, suggesting that: (1) participants with higher weight suppression showed higher degrees of the psychopathology of eating disorders, which was linked to higher levels of LOC eating; (2) self-criticism was a mediator between emotion regulation and depression/negative urgency; (3) self-criticism was a mediator between emotion regulation and disorder eating, which was significantly associated with LOC eating via increased negative urgency. CONCLUSION Our model shows that LOC eating occurs for individuals with the psychopathology of higher eating disorders who experience depressive symptoms and act rashly under distress for their inability to cope adequately with negative feelings of self-devaluation. These findings point to the importance of negative self-evaluations and feelings of inadequacy or worthlessness to understand LOC eating among college students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Conceição
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Research Unit – Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Célia S. Moreira
- Department of Mathematics and Center of Mathematics (FCUP-CMUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta de Lourdes
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Research Unit – Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sofia Ramalho
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Research Unit – Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Vaz
- Psychotherapy and Psychopathology Research Unit – Psychology Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Moulder RG, Daniel KE, Teachman BA, Boker SM. Tangle: A metric for quantifying complexity and erratic behavior in short time series. Psychol Methods 2022; 27:82-98. [PMID: 33507767 PMCID: PMC8552416 DOI: 10.1037/met0000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Temporal complexity refers to qualities of a time series that are emergent, erratic, or not easily described by linear processes. Quantifying temporal complexity within a system is key to understanding the time based dynamics of said system. However, many current methods of complexity quantification are not widely used in psychological research because of their technical difficulty, computational intensity, or large number of required data samples. These requirements impede the study of complexity in many areas of psychological science. A method is presented, tangle, which overcomes these difficulties and allows for complexity quantification in relatively short time series, such as those typically obtained from psychological studies. Tangle is a measure of how dissimilar a given process is from simple periodic motion. Tangle relies on the use of a three-dimensional time delay embedding of a one-dimensional time series. This embedding is then iteratively scaled and premultiplied by a modified upshift matrix until a convergence criterion is reached. The efficacy of tangle is shown on five mathematical time series and using emotional stability, anxiety time series data obtained from 65 socially anxious participants over a 5-week period, and positive affect time series derived from a single participant who experienced a major depression episode during measurement. Simulation results show tangle is able to distinguish between different complex temporal systems in time series with as few as 50 samples. Tangle shows promise as a reliable quantification of irregular behavior of a time series. Unlike many other complexity quantification metrics, tangle is technically simple to implement and is able to uncover meaningful information about time series derived from psychological research studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
105
|
Wonderlich JA, Crosby RD, Engel SG, Crow SJ, Peterson CB, Le Grange D, Wonderlich SA, Fischer S. Negative affect and binge eating: Assessing the unique trajectories of negative affect before and after binge-eating episodes across eating disorder diagnostic classifications. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:223-230. [PMID: 34877679 PMCID: PMC8861898 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies suggest that among individuals who binge eat, emotional states and binge eating are functionally related. However, it is unclear whether the trajectory of negative affect (NA) is the same across diagnostic groups or if specific changes in affect are unique to each diagnostic category. This study examined the moderating effect of diagnosis on the trajectory of negative affect before and after binge eating. METHOD Adults with eating disorder diagnoses (anorexia nervosa [AN] = 118, bulimia nervosa [BN] = 133, binge-eating disorder [BED] = 112) completed an EMA where they reported binge eating and negative affect throughout the day. Generalized estimating equation analyses were used to model the trajectories of NA before and after binge eating. RESULTS For all individuals, the linear trajectory of NA significantly increased before (B = 0.044, p < .001) and decreased following the binge-eating episode (B = -0.054, p < .001). However, diagnosis moderated this trajectory. Specifically, individuals with BN had a greater change in linear trajectories of NA before (B = 2.305, p < .001) and after (B = -4.149, p < .001) binge eating compared to those with BED, but not those with AN. There were no differences in the trajectory of NA between individuals with BED or AN. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that binge-eating episodes in BN may be more strongly associated with NA than in BED, but similar to binge-eating episodes in AN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Wonderlich
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ross D. Crosby
- Sanford Research Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Scott G. Engel
- Sanford Research Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Scott J. Crow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- The Emily Program, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carol B. Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen A. Wonderlich
- Sanford Research Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Doostfatemeh M, Haem E, Sarbaraninan M, Ajdari Tafti M. Multidimensional item Response theory to assess the psychometric properties of persian version of dutch eating behavior questionnaire (DEBQ) in university students. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
107
|
Coifman KG, Aurora P. From Social Avoidance to Substance Use: Working Memory and Negative Affectivity Predict Maladaptive Regulatory Behaviors in Daily Life Across Diagnostic Groups. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-021-10284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
108
|
Volume and Connectivity Differences in Brain Networks Associated with Cognitive Constructs of Binge Eating. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0080-21.2021. [PMID: 35064023 PMCID: PMC8856709 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0080-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) are characterized by episodes of eating large amounts of food while experiencing a loss of control. Recent studies suggest that the underlying causes of BN/BED consist of a complex system of environmental cues, atypical processing of food stimuli, altered behavioral responding, and structural/functional brain differences compared with healthy controls (HC). In this narrative review, we provide an integrative account of the brain networks associated with the three cognitive constructs most integral to BN and BED, namely increased reward sensitivity, decreased cognitive control, and altered negative affect and stress responding. We show altered activity in BED/BN within several brain networks, specifically in the striatum, insula, prefrontal cortex (PFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and cingulate gyrus. Numerous key nodes in these networks also differ in volume and connectivity compared with HC. We provide suggestions for how this integration may guide future research into these brain networks and cognitive constructs.
Collapse
|
109
|
Klatzkin RR, Nolan LJ, Kissileff HR. Self-reported emotional eaters consume more food under stress if they experience heightened stress reactivity and emotional relief from stress upon eating. Physiol Behav 2022; 243:113638. [PMID: 34742909 PMCID: PMC8717738 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Group data means from individuals who self-assess as emotional eaters do not reliably show increased food intake in response to stress or negative emotions. This inconsistency in predictive validity of self-reported emotional eating (EE) could be attributable to unconsidered moderation of the relationship between self-reported EE and behavioral measures of EE. Greater emotional relief from stress by eating may provide enhanced negative reinforcement and promote future EE in response to stress as a form of self-medication. Thus, we predicted that greater emotional relief from stress by eating (decrease in negative affect from stress to post-eating) would moderate the extent to which heightened stress reactivity (measured by systolic blood pressure, SBP) moderates the relationship between self-reported EE and food intake post-stress. We also hypothesized that self-reported EE would not predict greater food consumption on the rest day. 43 undergraduate women completed online assessments of eating behaviors. Participants were given snacks to eat after a mental stress task (TSST) or rest period on separate days in counterbalanced order. Our prediction was supported, as the moderated moderation model (PROCESS model 3) was highly significant on the stress day. Self-reported EE predicted increased food intake post-stress only under conditions of high stress reactivity and high emotional relief. On the rest day, self-reported EE predicted greater snack food intake only when SBP was high. This conditional increased intake substantiates stress as a promoter of snack food consumption for women with greater EE. Overall, our findings identified factors that may distinguish the subset of self-reported emotional eaters who are more likely to display EE behaviors in a laboratory setting, yet further studies are needed to directly test whether negative reinforcement via emotional relief from stress by eating drives enhanced EE following stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Klatzkin
- Rhodes College, Department of Psychology, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38104, USA,Corresponding author. (R.R. Klatzkin)
| | - Laurence J. Nolan
- Wagner College, Department of Psychology, 1 Campus Rd., Staten Island, NY 10301, USA
| | - Harry R. Kissileff
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, 1111 Amsterdam Ave. New York, NY 10025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Smith KE, Mason TB, Schaefer LM, Anderson LM, Hazzard VM, Crosby RD, Engel SG, Crow SJ, Wonderlich SA, Peterson CB. Micro-level de-coupling of negative affect and binge eating in relationship to macro-level outcomes in binge eating disorder treatment. Psychol Med 2022; 52:140-148. [PMID: 32597737 PMCID: PMC7770007 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720001804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While negative affect reliably predicts binge eating, it is unknown how this association may decrease or 'de-couple' during treatment for binge eating disorder (BED), whether such change is greater in treatments targeting emotion regulation, or how such change predicts outcome. This study utilized multi-wave ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess changes in the momentary association between negative affect and subsequent binge-eating symptoms during Integrative Cognitive Affective Therapy (ICAT-BED) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy Guided Self-Help (CBTgsh). It was predicted that there would be stronger de-coupling effects in ICAT-BED compared to CBTgsh given the focus on emotion regulation skills in ICAT-BED and that greater de-coupling would predict outcomes. METHODS Adults with BED were randomized to ICAT-BED or CBTgsh and completed 1-week EMA protocols and the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) at pre-treatment, end-of-treatment, and 6-month follow-up (final N = 78). De-coupling was operationalized as a change in momentary associations between negative affect and binge-eating symptoms from pre-treatment to end-of-treatment. RESULTS There was a significant de-coupling effect at follow-up but not end-of-treatment, and de-coupling did not differ between ICAT-BED and CBTgsh. Less de-coupling was associated with higher end-of-treatment EDE global scores at end-of-treatment and higher binge frequency at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Both ICAT-BED and CBTgsh were associated with de-coupling of momentary negative affect and binge-eating symptoms, which in turn relate to cognitive and behavioral treatment outcomes. Future research is warranted to identify differential mechanisms of change across ICAT-BED and CBTgsh. Results also highlight the importance of developing momentary interventions to more effectively de-couple negative affect and binge eating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, US
| | - Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lauren M. Schaefer
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Lisa M. Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vivienne M. Hazzard
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Ross D. Crosby
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Scott G. Engel
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Scott J. Crow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- The Emily Program, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen A. Wonderlich
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Carol B. Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- The Emily Program, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Smith KE, Mason TB, Wang WL, Schumacher LM, Pellegrini CA, Goldschmidt AB, Unick JL. Dynamic associations between anxiety, stress, physical activity, and eating regulation over the course of a behavioral weight loss intervention. Appetite 2022; 168:105706. [PMID: 34560159 PMCID: PMC8671217 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Negative emotional experiences are associated with dysregulated eating behaviors that impede weight management. While weight loss interventions promote physical activity and self-regulation of eating, no studies have examined how physical activity may directly influence eating by attenuating associations between negative emotions and eating. OBJECTIVE The current study examined how momentary negative emotions (stress and anxiety), moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), and their interactions predict eating dysregulation (i.e., intensity of eating temptations, inability to resist eating tempting foods, overeating), as well as how these associations change during a weight loss intervention. METHODS Women with overweight/obesity (N = 55) completed 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocols with objective measurement of physical activity (i.e., bout-related MVPA time) before and after a three-month internet-based weight loss program. RESULTS Three-way interactions emerged predicting overeating and eating tempting foods. When women experienced higher than usual levels of momentary anxiety or stress at end-of-treatment, they were less likely to subsequently overeat or eat tempting foods when they had recently engaged in more MVPA (relative to their usual level). No significant associations were found for ratings of temptation intensity. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest MVPA may exert direct effects on eating regulation. Specifically, MVPA appears to increasingly buffer the effect of negative emotional states on dysregulated eating behavior over the course of a weight loss intervention. Future work is needed to develop ways of communicating to patients how activity can have both indirect and direct effects on body weight, and examine whether such knowledge improves outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wei-Lin Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leah M Schumacher
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Christine A Pellegrini
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Jessica L Unick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Goldschmidt AB, Mason TB, Smith KE, Egbert AH, Engel ESG, Haedt-Matt A. Typology of eating episodes in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity. Eat Behav 2022; 44:101596. [PMID: 35091193 PMCID: PMC8885845 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that youth with overweight/obesity can be subtyped according to disinhibited eating tendencies. No research has attempted to subtype classes of eating episodes along sensational, psychological, and hedonic dimensions. METHODS Youth (N = 39; 55% female) aged 8-14 y with overweight/obesity completed a 2-week ecological momentary assessment protocol in which they reported on all eating episodes and their sensational, environmental, affective, and interpersonal contexts. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to classify episodes based on loss of control (LOC) while eating, self-reported overeating, food palatability, hunger, and cravings. Classes were compared on affective, interpersonal, appearance-related, and environmental correlates using Wald chi-square tests. RESULTS LPA identified three classes of eating episodes involving high levels of LOC/self-reported overeating ("binge-like" class), low levels of hunger ("eating-in-the-absence-of-hunger" class), and high hunger and cravings ("appetitive eating" class). Binge-like eating was associated with the highest levels of body dissatisfaction, interpersonal distress, and positive affect, and was most likely to occur in the after-school hours. CONCLUSIONS Binge-like eating tends to occur in a psychological context relative to other types of eating episodes in youth with overweight/obesity. Future research should explore whether certain classes of eating episodes are associated with distinct weight trajectories over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B. Goldschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kathryn E. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amy H. Egbert
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - E. Scott G. Engel
- Department of Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, ND,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Alissa Haedt-Matt
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Bicaker E, Racine SE. Protection versus risk? The relative roles of compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding for eating disorder behaviors. Eat Behav 2022; 44:101592. [PMID: 34920209 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research demonstrates the protective role of self-compassion for eating disorder symptoms. However, studies investigating self-compassion most often use the Self-Compassion Scale, which aggregates the distinct but related constructs of compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding. This study examined differential associations of compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding with positive and negative affect and with a range of eating disorder behaviors (i.e., binge eating, purging, dietary restriction, and excessive exercise). Participants were 547 undergraduate students (59% women, Mage = 20.49, SDage = 1.83) who completed measures of self-compassion, trait affect, and eating disorder behaviors. Compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding were moderately negatively correlated (rs = -0.41 and -0.33, among women and men, respectively). Compassionate self-responding was more strongly related to positive affect, and uncompassionate self-responding was more strongly related to negative affect. Among women, uncompassionate self-responding was related to all eating disorder behaviors controlling for compassionate self-responding, whereas compassionate self-responding was not uniquely related to any eating disorder behavior. Among men, a similar pattern emerged, except that only compassionate self-responding related uniquely to excessive exercise. Results are consistent with studies showing that the presence of uncompassionate self-responding might outweigh the absence of compassionate self-responding in explaining psychopathology. Findings highlight the potential importance of primarily targeting uncompassionate self-responding in eating disorder interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ege Bicaker
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sarah E Racine
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
The Association of Restrained Eating and Overeating during COVID-19: A Cross-Lagged Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124535. [PMID: 34960087 PMCID: PMC8709275 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread overeating has been found during the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The present study investigated whether pre-pandemic restrained eating (RE) predicted overeating during the pandemic, and further explored the behavioral (mortality threat, negative affect) mechanisms underlying this association. An eight-month longitudinal survey was conducted with a large sample of 616 undergraduates from Southwest university. From September 2019 to April 2020, three measurements were conducted. RE was tested before the pandemic (T1), and data of mortality threat, negative affect, and overeating were collected at the middle (T2) and end of (T3) the COVID-19 crisis in China. The correlation results showed that baseline RE was positively associated with mortality threat, negative affect, and overeating at T2 and T3. Moreover, negative affect and mortality threat were positively correlated with overeating. Results from longitudinal mediation showed that baseline RE would positively predict T3 overeating through T2 negative affect, but not T2 mortality threat. This study supports and extends the counterregulatory eating hypothesis that RE positively predicts future overeating, especially through negative emotions. These findings further reveal the core psychological mechanism underlying this positive RE-overeating relation in the context of COVID-19, indicating that the individuals with higher RE could not cope with negative affect adequately, contributing to more overeating.
Collapse
|
115
|
Negative Affect and Maladaptive Eating Behavior as a Regulation Strategy in Normal-Weight Individuals: A Narrative Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132413704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Emotions have a powerful influence on eating behavior, and eating behavior can have a powerful effect on emotions. The objective of the present narrative review was to evaluate the relationship between negative affect and maladaptive eating behavior as a regulation strategy in normal-weight individuals. A search of the literature within PubMed®, MEDLINE® and PsycINFO was conducted using a combination of the following terms: “affect”, “negative affect”, “affect regulation” and “maladaptive eating behavior”. A total of 106 papers were identified for full text review and were included in the final set of literature. The manuscript presents an overview of the literature on negative affect and maladaptive eating behavior. It offers a brief overview of restrained, uncontrolled and emotional eating in normal-weight individuals and looks at maladaptive eating behavior used to regulate their affect. Based on the previous research findings, we argue that using more adaptive strategies for emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal) might result in downregulating integral negative affect to food and in improving eating behavior.
Collapse
|
116
|
Farrell AK, Stanton SCE, Sbarra DA. Good Theories in Need of Better Data: Combining Clinical and Social Psychological Approaches to Study the Mechanisms Linking Relationships and Health. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2021; 17:863-883. [PMID: 34878961 DOI: 10.1177/17456916211027563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study of intimate relationships and health is a fast-growing discipline with numerous well-developed theories, many of which outline specific interpersonal behaviors and psychological pathways that may give rise to good or poor health. In this article, we argue that the study of relationships and health can move toward interrogating these mechanisms with greater precision and detail, but doing so will require a shift in the nature of commonly used research methods in this area. Accordingly, we draw heavily on the science of behavior change and discuss six key methodologies that may galvanize the mechanistic study of relationships and health: dismantling studies, factorial studies, experimental therapeutics, experimental mediation research, multiple assessments, and recursive modeling. We provide empirical examples for each strategy and outline new ways in which a given approach may be used to study the mechanisms linking intimate relationships and health. We conclude by discussing the key challenges and limitations for using these research strategies as well as novel ideas about how to integrate this work into existing paradigms within the field.
Collapse
|
117
|
Ancheta AJ, Caceres BA, Zollweg SS, Heron KE, Veldhuis CB, VanKim NA, Hughes TL. Examining the associations of sexual minority stressors and past-year depression with overeating and binge eating in a diverse community sample of sexual minority women. Eat Behav 2021; 43:101547. [PMID: 34412003 PMCID: PMC8629849 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minority stressors (e.g., stigma consciousness, internalized homophobia, discrimination) are posited to contribute to higher prevalence of overeating and binge eating among sexual minority women (SMW) relative to heterosexual women. Few studies have examined psychosocial mediators of the associations of minority stressors with overeating and binge eating in SMW. Using data from a diverse, community-based sample of SMW, we examined these associations, including the potential mediating effects of past-year depression. We also conducted exploratory analyses to determine if the associations of sexual minority stressors with overeating and binge eating differed by sexual identity or by race and ethnicity. The sample included 607 SMW (38.2% White, 37.1% African American, 24.7% Latina) with a mean age of 39.7 years. Approximately 17% and 9% of SMW reported overeating and binge eating, respectively, in the past 3 months. Greater stigma consciousness was associated with higher odds of overeating (AOR 1.31, 95% CI = 1.03-1.66). We found no significant associations between minority stressors and binge eating. Past-year depression did not mediate associations between minority stressors and overeating or binge eating. Although we found no sexual identity differences, stigma consciousness among Latina SMW was associated with higher odds of overeating relative to White SMW (AOR 1.95, 95% CI = 1.21-3.12) and African American SMW (AOR 1.99, 95% CI = 1.19-3.31). Findings highlight the importance of screening SMW for stigma consciousness as a correlate of overeating and considering racial and ethnic differences in overeating and binge eating in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- April J Ancheta
- Columbia University School of Nursing, 560 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States of America.
| | - Billy A Caceres
- Columbia University School of Nursing, 560 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States of America.
| | - Sarah S Zollweg
- Columbia University School of Nursing, 560 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States of America.
| | - Kristin E Heron
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, 250 Mills Godwin Building, Norfolk, VA 23529, United States of America.
| | - Cindy B Veldhuis
- Columbia University School of Nursing, 560 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States of America.
| | - Nicole A VanKim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst, 406 Arnold House, Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America.
| | - Tonda L Hughes
- Columbia University School of Nursing, 560 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Burr EK, Dvorak RD, Stevenson BL, Schaefer LM, Wonderlich SA. Ability to tolerate distress moderates the indirect relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and loss-of-control over eating via affective lability. Eat Behav 2021; 43:101561. [PMID: 34517279 PMCID: PMC8629940 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loss-of-control eating (LOCE), inability to refrain from or cease eating, may contribute to significant distress and dysfunction, yet research is lacking specificity on vulnerabilities contributing to LOCE as an independent construct. Preliminary evidence indicates potential roles of distress tolerance, emotion regulation, and affective lability, but the relationship between these variables and LOCE has been under-assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS A sample (N = 3968) consisting of university students completed an assessment of pathological eating and affiliated affective vulnerabilities. A latent variable structural equation model (SEM) was generated to predict LOCE by way of affective lability and indirectly, emotion regulation difficulties and low distress tolerance, controlling for general eating pathology. RESULTS Findings indicated a significant direct effect of affective lability on LOCE, as well as significant indirect effects of emotion regulation difficulties and distress tolerance on LOCE, via affect lability. Additionally, distress tolerance moderated the relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and affective lability, such that lower ability to tolerate distress strengthened the relationship and higher distress tolerance capability attenuated it. DISCUSSION Findings suggest an influence of distress tolerance on the relationship between poor emotion regulation and affective lability, which in turn may affect LOCE. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Burr
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, United States of America.
| | - Robert D Dvorak
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, United States of America.
| | | | - Lauren M Schaefer
- Sanford Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, United States of America
| | - Stephen A Wonderlich
- Sanford Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Chwyl C, Berry MP, Manasse SM, Forman EM. Rethinking emotional eating: Retrospective and momentary indices of emotional eating represent distinct constructs. Appetite 2021; 167:105604. [PMID: 34293393 PMCID: PMC8435005 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Emotional eating (EE) has been proposed as a key weight loss barrier. However, most investigations of EE rely on retrospective self-reports, which may have poor construct validity. This study evaluated concordance between a common self-report EE measure and a novel method for assessing momentary EE using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). We further assessed the utility of both measures for predicting both BMI and weight outcomes. Participants with overweight or obesity enrolled in a weight loss trial (N = 163) completed a self-report measure of EE and underwent an EMA protocol that assessed momentary emotions and eating behaviors. Momentary EE was derived from EMA data using generalized linear mixed-effects models. Linear regression models examined associations between both EE measures and concurrent BMI as well as weight losses over 30 months. Retrospectively self-reported EE and momentary EE were negatively correlated with one another (r = -0.27). Higher momentary EE and higher retrospectively reported EE both predicted higher concurrent BMI, and higher retrospectively reported EE predicted poorer weight loss outcomes at all time points (p < 0.05). By contrast, higher momentary EE predicted improved weight outcomes at 1-year and 2-year follow-up (p < 0.05). Our findings extend prior research suggesting that retrospective self-report EE measures capture a different construct than intended and suggest that momentary EE could predict improved weight loss outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Chwyl
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Michael P Berry
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Stephanie M Manasse
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Evan M Forman
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Sciences (WELL Center), Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Associations among weight-based teasing distress, impulsive emotion regulation, and loss of control eating in racially and ethnically diverse young men. Eat Behav 2021; 43:101543. [PMID: 34399304 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
According to affect regulation models, distress associated with weight-based teasing may be related to loss of control (LOC) eating. Maladaptive coping strategies may further exacerbate this association, but such hypotheses have not been evaluated in men. The purpose of the current study was to examine the association between distress from weight-based teasing and LOC eating in racially and ethnically diverse young men. The degree to which men engage in impulsive behavior when distressed was investigated as a moderating variable. Exploratory analyses examined the proposed associations within racial/ethnic identity groups. The current study included 1011 young men (18-30 years, Mage = 23.9 ± 3.6 y, 28.3% non-Hispanic White; 23.4% African American; 24.3% Hispanic/Latino; 23.8% Asian/Asian American). Participants completed an online survey with measures of weight-based teasing, LOC eating frequency, engagement in impulsive behavior when distressed, and demographics. After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and body mass index, there was a positive association between distress from weight-based teasing and LOC eating frequency (p < .001). In the full sample, the tendency to engage in impulsive behavior when distressed exacerbated this link (p < .01). Exploratory analyses revealed the moderating effect of impulsive coping on distress from teasing was significant in non-Hispanic White men, but was not significant for all others. These findings suggest that men are not immune to the negative correlates of weight-based teasing. LOC eating may function as a maladaptive coping mechanism, or may be an artifact of the disordered eating symptoms that can emerge during extreme efforts to obtain a thinner physique.
Collapse
|
121
|
Using shape and weight overvaluation to empirically differentiate severity of other specified feeding or eating disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:446-452. [PMID: 34507225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although no severity specifiers are noted in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 5 for other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED), shape/weight overvaluation is a proposed eating disorder (ED) severity specifier. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) Trees to empirically determine values of shape/weight overvaluation that differentiate OSFED severity. We additionally tested whether the SEM Tree-defined thresholds or a clinical cutoff for shape/weight overvaluation differentiated severity more meaningfully. METHODS Participants were 690 females with OSFED presenting to residential ED treatment. SEM Tree analyses specified an outcome model of OSFED severity and then recursively partitioning the outcome model into severity groups. The SEM Tree-defined and clinical cutoff severity groups were compared on clinical characteristics. RESULTS SEM Trees identified one split that occurred at value 5.12 on our shape/weight overvaluation items from the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. The subgroup with higher overvaluation had significantly greater intensity of ED and depressive symptoms and longer lengths of stay. The subgroups created from the shape/weight overvaluation clinical-cut off value of 4 differed on the same clinical characteristics as the SEM Tree-derived groups, with the exception of laxative use frequency. Effect sizes were larger for the clinical cutoff as compared to the SEM Tree severity specification scheme. LIMITATIONS These cross-sectional data were used from a predominately white and female residential treatment sample; this likely skewed the subgroups and may limit generalizability. CONCLUSIONS Shape/weight overvaluation can meaningfully differentiate OSFED severity. The clinical cutoff slightly outperformed the empirically determined thresholds for shape/weight overvaluation.
Collapse
|
122
|
Mason TB, Smith KE, Crosby RD, Engel SG, Peterson CB, Wonderlich SA, Jin H. Multi-state modeling of thought-shape fusion using ecological momentary assessment. Body Image 2021; 39:139-145. [PMID: 34358817 PMCID: PMC8654058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Body dissatisfaction (BD) and preoccupation with thoughts of food (PTF) are intertwined and are components of thought-shape fusion. Thought-shape fusion describes the process by which PTF lead to beliefs about weight and shape. To study thought-shape fusion in daily life and explore various transitions between BD and PTF, 30 women with binge eating completed ecological momentary assessment for 14 days. BD and PTF were assessed using continuous rating scales at each prompt. Multi-state modeling, which analyzes micro-temporal transitions between discrete states, was used to examine transitions among four states created with BD and PTF ratings. The four states included low BD/low PTF, low BD/high PTF, high BD/low PTF, and high BD/high PTF. Affect and disordered eating were examined as covariates of state transitions. Results showed high BD states were self-perpetrating, such that when in high BD states, transition to low BD states were less likely. Regarding covariates, positive affect buffered against maladaptive transitions whereas negative affect and disordered eating increased risk. Findings highlighted high BD states as influential, and negative affect and disordered eating as risk factors and positive affect as preventive. This study enhances theory of thought-shape fusion and implicates transitions from BD to PTF as possible underlying transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Kathryn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ross D Crosby
- Department of Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Scott G Engel
- Department of Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Carol B Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Stephen A Wonderlich
- Department of Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Haomiao Jin
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
123
|
Li Q, Xiang G, Song S, Li X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Luo Y, Xiao M, Chen H. Trait self-control and disinhibited eating in COVID-19: The mediating role of perceived mortality threat and negative affect. Appetite 2021; 167:105660. [PMID: 34425147 PMCID: PMC8990780 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads globally, people are at risk of developing disinhibited eating behaviors. This study aimed to examine whether perceived mortality threat and negative affect mediate the relationship between trait self-control and disinhibited eating during the pandemic. A longitudinal survey was administered to a sample of college students (N = 634) before the outbreak (September 2019, T1), during the mid-term (February 2020, T2), and in the later stage of the pandemic (April 2020, T3). Self-report measures of trait self-control (T1), perceived mortality threat (T2, T3), negative affect (T2, T3), and disinhibited eating (T2, T3) were successively completed. Trait self-control was found to be negatively associated with negative affect, perceived mortality threat, and disinhibited eating during the mid-term and later stage of the pandemic. Disinhibited eating was positively associated with negative affect and perceived mortality threat. The longitudinal mediation results demonstrated that trait self-control (T1) could negatively predict disinhibited eating (T3) through negative affect (T2) rather than through perceived mortality threat. These findings suggest that trait self-control is of great importance in regulating psychological discomfort and disinhibited eating during stressful periods and that negative affect might be the main psychological mechanism underlying the relationship between self-control ability and disinhibited eating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangcan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yijun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Schulz PJ, Andersson EM, Bizzotto N, Norberg M. Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Study the Development of COVID-19 Worries in Sweden: Longitudinal Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e26743. [PMID: 34847065 PMCID: PMC8669580 DOI: 10.2196/26743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The foray of COVID-19 around the globe has certainly instigated worries in many people, and lockdown measures may well have triggered more specific worries. Sweden, more than other countries, relied on voluntary measures to fight the pandemic. This provides a particularly interesting context to assess people’s reactions to the threat of the pandemic. Objective The general aim of this study was to better understand the worried reactions to the virus and the associated lockdown measures. As there have been very few longitudinal studies in this area published to date, development of feelings of worry over time was analyzed over a longer range than in previous research. Affective variables, worry in particular, were included because most of the research in this field has focused on cognitive variables. To employ new methodology, ecological momentary assessment was used for data collection and a multilevel modeling approach was adopted for data analysis. Methods Results were based on an unbalanced panel sample of 260 Swedish participants filling in 3226 interview questionnaires by smartphone over a 7-week period in 2020 during the rapid rise of cases in the early phase of the pandemic. Causal factors considered in this study included the perceived severity of an infection, susceptibility of a person to the threat posed by the virus, perceived efficacy of safeguarding measures, and assessment of government action against the spread of COVID-19. The effect of these factors on worries was traced in two analytical steps: the effects at the beginning of the study and the effect on the trend during the study. Results The level of general worry related to COVID-19 was modest (mean 6.67, SD 2.54 on an 11-point Likert scale); the increase during the study period was small, but the interindividual variation of both the worry level and its increase over time was large. Findings confirmed that the hypothesized causal factors (severity of infection, susceptibility to the threat of the virus, efficacy of safeguarding, and assessment of government preventive action) did indeed affect the level of worry. Conclusions The results confirmed earlier research in a very special case and demonstrated the usefulness of a different study design, which takes a longitudinal perspective, and a new type of data analysis borrowed from multilevel study design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Johannes Schulz
- Institute of Communication and Health, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicole Bizzotto
- Institute of Communication and Health, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Margareta Norberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Mason TB, Smith KE, Crosby RD, Dvorak R, Engel SG, Crow S, Wonderlich SA, Peterson CB. Self-discrepancy as a Predictor of Eating Disorder Symptoms: Findings from Two Ecological Momentary Assessment Studies of Adults with Binge Eating. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-021-10279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
126
|
Trompeter N, Bussey K, Forbes MK, Mond J, Hay P, Cunningham ML, Mitchison D. Emotion dysregulation across the span of eating disorder symptoms: Findings from a community sample of adolescents. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1946-1955. [PMID: 34558725 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotion dysregulation is proposed as a key factor within eating disorder pathology. However, less is known about specific emotion regulation difficulties experienced by adolescents with varying levels of eating disorders symptoms. The present study examined the relationship between eating disorder behaviors and specific facets of emotion dysregulation, and differences in emotion dysregulation between eating disorder diagnostic groups. METHOD Participants were 2,783 adolescents, 11-19 years (M = 14 years, 9 months, SD = 1 year, 6 months), who completed self-report measures as part of the EveryBODY study. Adolescents were identified as not having eating disorder symptoms (n = 2,122) or meeting diagnostic criteria for symptoms of specific eating disorder, including: anorexia nervosa or atypical anorexia nervosa (n = 57), bulimia nervosa (n = 136), binge-eating disorder (n = 57), other specified feeding or eating disorder characterized by binge eating or purging (n = 381), and unspecified feeding or eating disorder (n = 30). RESULTS Binge eating, driven exercise, and fasting were each uniquely associated with emotion dysregulation, whereas purging was not. Similar findings were obtained within specific domains of emotion dysregulation. Findings from diagnostic groups showed a significant main effect of diagnosis on overall emotion dysregulation and most domains of emotion dysregulation. Adolescents with eating disorder symptoms consistently reported higher emotion dysregulation compared to those without these symptoms. DISCUSSION Findings indicate that emotion dysregulation is a key factor across eating disorder pathology, and potential treatment target across the spectrum of eating disorder diagnoses in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Trompeter
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kay Bussey
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Miriam K Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan Mond
- Centre for Rural Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Camden and Campbelltown Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Deborah Mitchison
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Linardon J. Positive body image, intuitive eating, and self-compassion protect against the onset of the core symptoms of eating disorders: A prospective study. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1967-1977. [PMID: 34599619 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Establishing factors that protect against the onset of eating disorder symptoms is needed to identify critical intervention targets to inform the design of more potent prevention programs. Knowledge of robust protective factors is lacking, which might account for the limited effectiveness of existing prevention programs. As positive body image, intuitive eating, and self-compassion show protective potential, the present study tested whether these factors protect against the onset of a range of different eating disorder symptoms. METHOD Data were analyzed from 1,270 women who completed study measures at baseline and 8 months. Logistic regressions tested whether, among initially asymptomatic women, baseline and changes in positive body image components (body appreciation, body image flexibility, and functionality appreciation), intuitive eating, and self-compassion predicted the continued absence versus onset of seven core eating disorder symptoms at follow-up. RESULTS Each of the five factors at baseline was associated with a lower odds of symptom onset for each outcome in univariate analyses. Baseline body appreciation and intuitive eating scores remained consistent, unique predictors of a lower odds of experiencing symptom onset in multivariate models. Greater increases in intuitive eating and body appreciation over time were the two factors consistently associated with a lower odds of symptom onset across several outcomes. DISCUSSION This study provides strong evidence for the protective influence of positive body image components, intuitive eating, and self-compassion against several eating disorder symptoms. Building these factors within established prevention programs may, in the longer term, help reduce the incidence of eating disorder syndromes and symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Linardon
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Mason TB, Lesser EL, Dolgon-Krutolow AR, Wonderlich SA, Smith KE. An updated transdiagnostic review of social cognition and eating disorder psychopathology. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 143:602-627. [PMID: 33190838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Existing data suggest that deficits in social cognitive functioning are transdiagnostic phenomena that are observed across various forms of psychopathology. The goal of the present review was to provide an updated systematic review of the literature on social cognitive functioning across eating disorders (EDs), including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). Studies that assessed six areas of social cognition were included: theory of mind, social perception, social knowledge, attributional bias, emotion perception, and emotion processing. A systematic search identified 71 studies, the majority of which examined adult women with AN. Research typically focused on alexithymia, theory of mind, empathy, social processing, emotion recognition, or emotion processing. Results suggested some deficits in social cognition in EDs. AN had the most studies with some evidence for deficiencies in social cognition but a fair amount of variability. Research on BN and BED was limited and inconsistent, though there appear to be some deficits in social cognition. Together, the limited coverage across EDs and heterogeneous methodology preclude firm conclusions regarding general or ED-specific deficits, as well as understanding the role of social cognition in ED etiology and maintenance. Therefore, several key questions and future directions are outlined for research moving forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Anna R Dolgon-Krutolow
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen A Wonderlich
- Sanford Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Kathryn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Exploring the role of momentary positive and negative affect in overeating and binge eating: Evidence for different associations among men and women. Appetite 2021; 168:105758. [PMID: 34655665 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Momentary positive and negative emotions have shown to affect eating behaviour. In this study, we used experience sampling method (ESM) to assess how momentary positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) relate to overeating (OE) and binge eating (BE) episodes among men and women compared to no OE/BE episodes. We additionally looked at how situational and social context moderate these relationships. For this purpose, 87 women and 94 men participated in the study where they were instructed to rate their levels of various positive and negative emotions, situational whereabouts, and the presence of OE/BE 7 times a day for 3 consecutive days. We found that men and women greatly differed in how momentary PA and NA relate to OE and BE. In women, NA was highest before BE, followed by OE compared to no OE/BE. Further, an interaction between the type of an eating episode and situational context demonstrated that this relationship was significant when at home, but not away from home. No differences in the momentary NA between the types of eating episodes were found in men. In men, PA was significantly higher before OE compared to BE and no OE/BE. Additionally, an interaction between the type of eating episode and situational context showed that this relationship was significant when at home, but not when away from home. Our results further confirm the role of negative affect in overeating and binge eating in women, whereas also suggesting that the role of positive affect in eating behaviour is warranted more research, particularly in men.
Collapse
|
130
|
Wu YK, Brownley KA, Bardone-Cone AM, Bulik CM, Baker JH. Associations of Stress and Appetite Hormones with Binge Eating in Females with Anorexia Nervosa after Weight Restoration: A Longitudinal Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11101020. [PMID: 34683161 PMCID: PMC8538976 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge eating is a transdiagnostic eating disorder symptom that can occur in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), persisting after weight restoration, and impeding their recovery. However, little is known about the biological predictors of binge eating after AN weight restoration. The goals of this exploratory study of 73 females with AN were: (1) to examine changes in cortisol, the adrenocorticotropic hormone, norepinephrine, ghrelin (total and active), and leptin levels across the admission, discharge, and 3 months post-discharge from the inpatient AN weight restoration; and (2) to determine whether the target hormones were associated with objective or subjective binge eating (OBE or SBE). The participants completed the self-reported Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory-II, and provided fasting whole blood samples for hormone assays. The results showed significant changes in body mass index (BMI), cortisol, total ghrelin, and leptin levels over the three time points. The cortisol levels at admission and discharge were significantly associated with the number of SBE episodes at 3 months post-discharge. Findings suggest the need to replicate and confirm the role of cortisol in predicting the emergence of SBE and uncover the mechanisms underlying SBE and cortisol to prevent SBE and its negative consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ke Wu
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (K.A.B.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Kimberly A. Brownley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (K.A.B.); (C.M.B.)
| | - Anna M. Bardone-Cone
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (K.A.B.); (C.M.B.)
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jessica H. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (K.A.B.); (C.M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-984-974-3834
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Santos AF, Martins MC, Fernandes C, Bost KK, Veríssimo M. Relation between Attachment and Obesity in Preschool Years: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103572. [PMID: 34684573 PMCID: PMC8539151 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that attachment plays an important role in obesity. However, few studies examined this relationship in preschool children. This study aimed to systematically examine the empirical, peer-reviewed evidence regarding the relationship between attachment quality and obesity in the preschool years. Using established guidelines, relevant peer-reviewed literature published between 2000 and July 2021 was searched through EBSCO. This yielded a total of 1124 records for review. Established inclusion criteria comprised: empirical studies published in peer-review journals; include at least one anthropometric measure and/or food consumption measure. Exclusion criteria comprised: attachment measures not following Bowlby-Ainsworth conceptualization of the construct; children in institutionalized settings; context of severe mental illness, documented substance use disorders, or eating disorders; include only a measure of the psychological aspects of eating; intervention programs. After exclusions, eight studies with a total of 9225 participants met the inclusion criteria. Results support the role of attachment in weight-related outcomes, suggesting that considering attachment in the risk of obesity could contribute to the elaboration of effective prevention and intervention programs. Limitations included the small number of studies, predominately cross-sectional designs, the diversity of methodologies, most samples not including fathers, and lack of evidence about the developmental mechanisms underlying the association between attachment and obesity. More evidence is needed to determine how attachment and obesity are linked, and the potential underlying mechanisms accounting for this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana F. Santos
- William James Center for Research, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.S.); (M.C.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Mariana C. Martins
- William James Center for Research, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.S.); (M.C.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Carla Fernandes
- William James Center for Research, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.S.); (M.C.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Kelly K. Bost
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Manuela Veríssimo
- William James Center for Research, ISPA—Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.S.); (M.C.M.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Walenda A, Kostecka B, Santangelo PS, Kucharska K. Examining emotion regulation in binge-eating disorder. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2021; 8:25. [PMID: 34629115 PMCID: PMC8504023 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-021-00166-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inefficient mechanisms of emotional regulation appear essential in understanding the development and maintenance of binge-eating disorder (BED). Previous research focused mainly on a very limited emotion regulation strategies in BED, such as rumination, suppression, and positive reappraisal. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess a wider range of emotional regulation strategies (i.e. acceptance, refocusing on planning, positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, self-blame, other-blame, rumination, and catastrophizing), as well as associations between those strategies and binge-eating-related beliefs (negative, positive, and permissive), and clinical variables (eating disorders symptoms, both anxiety, depressive symptoms, and alexithymia). METHODS Women diagnosed with BED (n = 35) according to the DSM-5 criteria and healthy women (n = 41) aged 22-60 years were assessed using: the Eating Attitudes Test-26, the Eating Beliefs Questionnaire-18, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Statistical analyses included: Student t - tests or Mann-Whitney U tests for testing group differences between BED and HC group, and Pearson's r coefficient or Spearman's rho for exploring associations between the emotion regulation difficulties and strategies, and clinical variables and binge-eating-related beliefs in both groups. RESULTS The BED group presented with a significantly higher level of emotion regulation difficulties such as: nonacceptance of emotional responses, lack of emotional clarity, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior, impulse control difficulties, and limited access to emotion regulation strategies compared to the healthy controls. Moreover, patients with BED were significantly more likely to use maladaptive strategies (rumination and self-blame) and less likely to use adaptive strategies (positive refocusing and putting into perspective). In the clinical group, various difficulties in emotion regulation difficulties occurred to be positively correlated with the level of alexithymia, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Regarding emotion regulation strategies, self-blame and catastrophizing were positively related to anxiety symptoms, but solely catastrophizing was related to the severity of eating disorder psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate an essential and still insufficiently understood role of emotional dysregulation in BED. An especially important construct in this context seems to be alexithymia, which was strongly related to the majority of emotion regulation difficulties. Therefore, it might be beneficial to pay special attention to this construct when planning therapeutic interventions, as well as to the maladaptive emotion regulation strategies self-blame and catastrophizing, which were significantly related to BED psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Walenda
- The Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Kostecka
- II Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - Katarzyna Kucharska
- The Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Stress appraisal prospectively predicts binge eating through increases in negative affect. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2413-2420. [PMID: 33392952 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies preliminarily support the transactional model of emotion regulation in eating disorders, such that heightened stress appraisal (i.e., the cognitive evaluation of an event's demands) results in increased negative affect (NA) and subsequent binge eating (BE). However, the temporal relationships between these variables and the magnitude of stress appraisal that is clinically significant require clarification. The current study aimed to extend previous research by (1) examining the temporal relationship between stress appraisal, changes in NA, and BE using three timepoints, (2) exploring what magnitude of momentary stress appraisal results in clinically significant increases in NA and BE, and (3) characterizing what stressors are associated with clinically significant stress appraisal. METHODS 37 adult females completed an EMA protocol assessing momentary stressors, stress appraisal, NA, and BE over 2 week duration. Multilevel mediation models were used to test the study aims. RESULTS Momentary increases in stress appraisal significantly predicted binge eating through increases in NA. Stress appraisal ratings of 0.50 SD higher relative to one's average stress appraisal began to significantly predict the likelihood of BE through increases in NA, and the likelihood of BE occurrence increased with every 0.25 increments in momentary stress appraisal. Work/school stressors and interpersonal stressors were the most commonly endorsed stressors of clinically significant stress appraisal. CONCLUSION The current study supported the transactional model of emotion dysregulation in a binge eating sample and supports the use of momentary interventions at times of clinically significant stress appraisal to reduce BE risk. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, controlled trial without randomization.
Collapse
|
134
|
Messer M, Linardon J. Trait-level differences in constructs that underpin the contextual behaviour therapies between binge-eating disorder with and without overvaluation of weight and shape. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
135
|
Mason TB, Smith KE. Delineating the role of binge eating in cancer research. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2109-2116. [PMID: 33201393 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Binge eating is defined as consumption of a large amount of food accompanied by a sense of loss of control over eating. While binge eating is associated with poor physical, behavioral, and psychosocial health, it has not been studied in cancer research. Therefore, the overarching goal of this review is to delineate the role of binge eating in cancer research and to spur new research in this area. Specifically, in this review, we outlined (1) binge eating as a possible risk factor that contributes to cancer risk, (2) how binge eating may develop after cancer diagnosis, and (3) how binge eating may be associated with health and relapse during survivorship. CONCLUSIONS It is critical to elucidate the role of binge eating in the prevention of cancer and long-term cancer survivorship. This review suggested a number of ways that binge eating may increase risk for cancer as well as several pathways that may lead to the development of binge eating after cancer diagnosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V: narrative review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Negative Mood and Food Craving Strength Among Women with Overweight: Implications for Targeting Mechanisms Using a Mindful Eating Intervention. Mindfulness (N Y) 2021; 12:2997-3010. [PMID: 34584574 PMCID: PMC8460847 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-021-01760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives When experiencing negative mood, people often eat to improve their mood. A learned association between mood and eating may cultivate frequent food cravings, detracting from health goals. Training in mindful eating may target this cycle of emotion-craving-eating by teaching individuals to manage urges when experiencing negative mood. We examined the impact of a mobile mindful eating intervention on the link between negative mood and food cravings among overweight women. Methods In a single-arm trial, participants (n = 64, M age = 46.1 years, M BMI = 31.5 kg/m2) completed ecological momentary assessments of negative mood and food cravings 3 times/day for 3 days pre- and post-intervention, as well as 1-month post-intervention. Using multilevel linear regression, we compared associations between negative mood and food craving strength at pre- vs. post-intervention (model 1) and post-intervention vs. 1-month follow-up (model 2). Results In model 1, negative mood interacted with time point (β = − .20, SE = .09, p = .02, 95% CI [− .38, − .03]) to predict craving strength, indicating that the within-person association between negative mood and craving strength was significantly weaker at post-intervention (β = 0.18) relative to pre-intervention (β = 0.38). In model 2, negative mood did not interact with time point to predict craving strength (β = .13, SE = .09, p = .10, 95% CI − .03, .31]); the association did not significantly differ between post-intervention and 1-month follow-up. Conclusions Training in mindful eating weakened the mood-craving association from pre- to post-intervention. The weakened association remained at follow-up. Our findings highlight the mood-craving link as a target-worthy mechanism of mindful eating that should be assessed in clinical trials. Trial Registration NCT02694731 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-021-01760-z.
Collapse
|
137
|
Carrière K, Shireen SH, Siemers N, Preißner CE, Starr J, Falk C, Knäuper B. Development and Validation of the Four Facet Mindful Eating Scale (FFaMES). Appetite 2021; 168:105689. [PMID: 34517074 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous mindful eating scales stress the attentional domains of eating-specific mindfulness, such as present-moment attention to homeostatic cues of hunger and satiety while discounting other important domains such as non-judgment and decentering. The purpose of the series of studies was to develop and evaluate a multifaceted mindful eating scale that assesses several domains of eating-specific mindfulness. METHODS A multistep process was used to construct the Four Facet Mindful Eating Scale (FFaMES). Study 1 outlined the initial scale construction and the development of a novel item pool (N = 480). Study 2 examined the internal structure of the observed variables using exploratory analysis (N = 445) and confirmatory analysis in a separate sample (N = 445). Reliability and validity were assessed in Study 3 (N = 166). RESULTS The final scale consists of 29 items with 4 factors: Non-Reactance, Non-Judgment, External Awareness, and Internal Awareness. The FFaMES demonstrated good internal consistency, retest reliability as well as preliminary convergent and divergent validity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide reliability evidence and initial support for the construct validity of the FFaMES and the continued study of multiple facets of eating-specific mindfulness. Future research should continue to investigate the differential effects of various aspects of eating-specific mindfulness in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Carrière
- McGill University (Department of Psychology), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | - Nellie Siemers
- McGill University (Department of Psychology), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Joshua Starr
- McGill University (Department of Psychology), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carl Falk
- McGill University (Department of Psychology), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bärbel Knäuper
- McGill University (Department of Psychology), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
138
|
Linardon J, Greenwood CJ, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Macdonald JA, Spry E, Hutchinson DM, Youssef GJ, Sanson A, Wertheim EH, McIntosh JE, Le Grange D, Letcher P, Olsson CA. Young adult mental health sequelae of eating and body image disturbances in adolescence. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1680-1688. [PMID: 34240437 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There has been interest in the antecedents and mental health impacts of eating and body image disturbances in adolescence. Less is known about longer-term mental health impacts into young adulthood, as longitudinal studies with data spanning this developmental period are rare. We capitalize on mental health data collected across adolescence and young adulthood from a population-based cohort study that has been following >2000 Australian children and their families from infancy to young adulthood. METHOD This sample comprised 1,568 participants who completed the Eating Disorder Inventory drive for thinness and bulimic behavior (the severity of binge-purge patterns) subscales, and a modified version of the body dissatisfaction subscale in mid-adolescence (15-16 years), or the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in young adulthood (19-20, 23-24, and 27-28 years). RESULTS After adjusting for baseline demographic and prior mental health factors (<13 years of age), all three indices of eating and body image disturbances in adolescence predicted each mental health outcome in young adulthood. Mental health risks associated with adolescent body dissatisfaction and bulimic behavior scores remained stable across young adulthood, with men having more pronounced problems associated with bulimic behavior scores than women. In contrast, mental health risks associated with adolescent drive for thinness scores diminished across this period similarly for men and women. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that adolescent eating and body image disturbances may have long-term mental health impacts that extend into young adulthood. This underscores the need for early preventative intervention, and longer-term monitoring and support for body image and eating disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Linardon
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher J Greenwood
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqui A Macdonald
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Spry
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Delyse M Hutchinson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George J Youssef
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ann Sanson
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eleanor H Wertheim
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer E McIntosh
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eating Disorders Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Primrose Letcher
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Guerrero-Hreins E, Goldstone AP, Brown RM, Sumithran P. The therapeutic potential of GLP-1 analogues for stress-related eating and role of GLP-1 in stress, emotion and mood: a review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110303. [PMID: 33741445 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Stress and low mood are powerful triggers for compulsive overeating, a maladaptive form of eating leading to negative physical and mental health consequences. Stress-vulnerable individuals, such as people with obesity, are particularly prone to overconsumption of high energy foods and may use it as a coping mechanism for general life stressors. Recent advances in the treatment of obesity and related co-morbidities have focused on the therapeutic potential of anorexigenic gut hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which acts both peripherally and centrally to reduce energy intake. Besides its appetite suppressing effect, GLP-1 acts on areas of the brain involved in stress response and emotion regulation. However, the role of GLP-1 in emotion and stress regulation, and whether it is a viable treatment for stress-induced compulsive overeating, has yet to be established. A thorough review of the pre-clinical literature measuring markers of stress, anxiety and mood after GLP-1 exposure points to potential divergent effects based on temporality. Specifically, acute GLP-1 injection consistently stimulates the physiological stress response in rodents whereas long-term exposure indicates anxiolytic and anti-depressive benefits. However, the limited clinical evidence is not as clear cut. While prolonged GLP-1 analogue treatment in people with type 2 diabetes improved measures of mood and general psychological wellbeing, the mechanisms underlying this may be confounded by associated weight loss and improved blood glucose control. There is a paucity of longitudinal clinical literature on mechanistic pathways by which stress influences eating behavior and how centrally-acting gut hormones such as GLP-1, can modify these. (250).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Guerrero-Hreins
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Theme, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; PsychoNeuroEndocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Psychiatry, and Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anthony P Goldstone
- PsychoNeuroEndocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Psychiatry, and Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robyn M Brown
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Theme, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Dept. of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Sierra I, Senín-Calderón C, Roncero M, Perpiñá C. The Role of Negative Affect in Emotional Processing of Food-Related Images in Eating Disorders and Obesity. Front Psychol 2021; 12:723732. [PMID: 34497567 PMCID: PMC8419244 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.723732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze differences in the emotional processing (valence, arousal, and dominance) of food-related information in patients with eating disorders (ED), patients with obesity, and healthy women. Moreover, the mediator role of negative affect and the moderating role of the diagnostic group (ED vs. non-ED) were analyzed. METHOD The sample consisted of 94 women (39 with eating disorders, 19 with obesity, and 36 healthy participants). MEASURES International Affective Picture System (IAPS) food picture exposure task; Self-Assessment Manikin Analog-Visual Scale (SAM) appraising Arousal, Valence, and Dominance; Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26); Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). RESULTS Patients with purging symptomatology rated food images as more unpleasant than healthy women. Patients with purging and restrictive eating symptomatology showed higher levels of arousal and less dominance over the emotions experienced, compared to patients with obesity and healthy women. The mediation analysis showed that negative affect mediated the relationship between eating symptomatology (EAT-26) and the Valence of food images, as well as the control over the emotions experienced when viewing food images (Dominance). For the moderation analysis participants were regrouped into two groups (ED patients vs. non-ED patients). The direct relationship between eating symptomatology and food image valence was moderated by the diagnostic group. However, the group did not moderate the direct relationship between the EAT-26 and dominance over experienced emotions, or the indirect effect on eating symptomatology through negative affect. These results show the relevance of negative affect in the emotional processing of food-related information, and they support an eating disorder-disordered eating dimensional perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sierra
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Roncero
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Conxa Perpiñá
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Racine S, Miller A, Mehak A, Trolio V. Examining risk and protective factors for psychological health during the COVID-19 pandemic. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2021; 35:124-140. [PMID: 34314272 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1958789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly impacted people's lives, with significant mental health consequences emerging. In addition to sociodemographic and COVID-19 specific factors, psychological risk and protective mechanisms likely influence individual differences in mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined associations between a broad set of risk and protective factors with depression, anxiety, alcohol problems, and eating pathology, and investigated interactions between objective stress due to COVID-19 and risk/protective variables in predicting psychopathology. METHODS Participants were 877 adults (73.7% female) recruited via internet sources from around the globe, but primarily residing in North America (87.4%). RESULTS Structural equation modelling revealed that certain risk and protective factors (e.g., loneliness, mindfulness) were broadly related to psychopathology, whereas others showed unique relations with specific symptoms (e.g., greater repetitive thinking and anxiety; low meaning and purpose and depression). COVID-19 objective stress interacted with risk factors, but not protective factors, to predict greater anxiety symptoms, but not other forms of psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS Findings contribute to our understanding of psychological mechanisms underlying individual differences in psychopathology in the context of a global stressor. Strategies that reduce loneliness and increase mindfulness will likely impact the greatest number of mental health symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Racine
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Alexia Miller
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Adrienne Mehak
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Vittoria Trolio
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Smith KE, Mason TB, Schaefer LM, Anderson LM, Critchley K, Crosby RD, Engel SG, Crow SJ, Wonderlich SA, Peterson CB. Dynamic Stress Responses and Real-Time Symptoms in Binge-Eating Disorder. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:758-768. [PMID: 32856687 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is a dynamic construct that predicts a range of health behaviors and conditions, including binge eating and excess weight. Thus far, there have been limited and inconsistent findings regarding stress responses in binge-eating disorder (BED) and insufficient consideration of temporal patterns of stress responses across the weight spectrum. PURPOSE The present study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine stress reactivity (i.e., the magnitude of the initial stress response), recovery (i.e., how long the stress response lasts before returning to baseline), and pileup (i.e., accumulation of repeated experiences of stressors and responses over time) as predictors of binge-eating symptoms (BES) and food craving in BED. METHODS Adults with BED (N = 115) completed a 7 day EMA protocol assessing stressful events, perceived stress, binge eating, and food craving prior to being randomized to a behavioral intervention. RESULTS Generalized estimating equations indicated that moments of greater stress pileup predicted greater subsequent BES (within-person effect). Participants with higher perceived stress and pileup reported greater overall BES and craving, and those with better recovery reported higher overall craving (between-person effects). CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of considering the dynamic nature of stress responses and, particularly, that the accumulation of stress over the day is an important trigger for BES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lauren M Schaefer
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Lisa M Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kobe Critchley
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Ross D Crosby
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, ND, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Scott G Engel
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, ND, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Scott J Crow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,The Emily Program, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Stephen A Wonderlich
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, ND, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Carol B Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,The Emily Program, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Kwasnicka D, Kale D, Schneider V, Keller J, Yeboah-Asiamah Asare B, Powell D, Naughton F, Ten Hoor GA, Verboon P, Perski O. Systematic review of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies of five public health-related behaviours: review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046435. [PMID: 34272218 PMCID: PMC8287614 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) involves repeated, real-time assessments of phenomena (eg, cognitions, emotions, behaviours) over a period of time in naturalistic settings. EMA is increasingly used to study both within-person and between-person processes. We will review EMA studies investigating key health behaviours and synthesise: (1) study characteristics (eg, frequency of assessments, adherence, incentives), (2) associations between psychological predictors and behaviours and (3) moderators of adherence to EMA protocols. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This review will focus on EMA studies conducted across five public health behaviours in adult, non-clinical populations: movement behaviour (including physical activity and sedentary behaviour), dietary behaviour, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking and preventive sexual health behaviours. Studies need to have assessed at least one psychological or contextual predictor of these behaviours. Studies reporting exclusively on physiological outcomes (eg, cortisol) or those not conducted under free-living conditions will be excluded. We will search OVID MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Web of Science using terms relevant to EMA and the selected health behaviours. Reference lists of existing systematic reviews of EMA studies will be hand searched. Identified articles will be screened by two reviewers. This review is expected to provide a comprehensive summary of EMA studies assessing psychological or contextual predictors of five public health behaviours. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations. Data from included studies will be made available to other researchers. No ethics are required. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020168314.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kwasnicka
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland
- NHMRC CRE in Digital Technology to Transform Chronic Disease Outcomes, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dimitra Kale
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Verena Schneider
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jan Keller
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah Asare
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Health Psychology, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Daniel Powell
- Health Psychology, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Felix Naughton
- Behavioural and Implementation Science Group, School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Gill A Ten Hoor
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neurosciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Verboon
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Perski
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Regulatory parental feeding behaviors, emotion suppression, and emotional eating in the absence of hunger: Examining parent-adolescent dyadic associations. Appetite 2021; 167:105603. [PMID: 34280470 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to improve the understanding of inter- and intrapersonal processes implicated in emotional eating using a large community sample of parent-adolescent dyads. METHOD Participants included 1823 parent and adolescent dyads who completed the National Cancer Institute's Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating Study. Parents and adolescents each completed measures assessing parents' feeding behaviors, and participants' own emotional functioning and eating behaviors. Actor-partner interdependence models examined dyadic associations among participants' reports of parents' regulatory feeding behaviors (allowing adolescents to eat for emotional comfort purposes, controlling adolescents' "junk" food/sugary drink intakes), emotion suppression, and emotional eating in the absence of hunger. RESULTS Multiple within-person, cross-dyad member, and divergent parent versus adolescent dyadic effects were identified that differed based on the parental feeding behavior that parents and adolescents reported on. For example, adolescents' reports that their parents regulate their "junk" food/sugary drink intakes were associated with lower levels of their own emotion suppression and, in turn, lower levels of both their own and their parents' emotional eating, whereas parents' reports that they regulate their adolescents' "junk" food/sugary drink intakes were associated with higher levels of their own emotion suppression and emotional eating. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the complex interconnectivity among parental feeding behaviors, emotion dysregulation, and emotional eating within the parent-adolescent dyadic context, and support the use of preventive disordered eating interventions focused on enhancing healthy parent feeding behaviors and adaptive emotion regulation skills from a family-based perspective.
Collapse
|
145
|
French MN, Chen EY. Emotion and Psychophysiological Responses During Emotion-Eliciting Film Clips in an Eating Disorders Sample. Front Psychol 2021; 12:630426. [PMID: 34366957 PMCID: PMC8336872 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.630426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Greater vulnerability to negative emotions appears associated with the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs). A systematic review of psychophysiological studies using emotion-eliciting film clips reveals that there are no studies examining the effect of standardized validated film clips on psychophysiological response across a range of EDs. Methods: Using standardized validated film clips without ED-specific content, the present study examined self-reported emotions and psychophysiological responses of women with Binge-Eating Disorder (BED; n = 57), Anorexia Nervosa (AN; n = 16), Bulimia Nervosa (BN; n = 34), and Healthy Controls (HCs; n = 26) at Baseline, during Neutral, Sad, Happy, and Fear-inducing film clips, and at Recovery. Results: Throughout the protocol, the ED groups reported significantly greater sadness and anxiety than HCs. Additionally, the AN group reported more fear, the BED group more frustration, and the BED and BN groups more tension than HCs. Compared to HCs, the BED group reported stronger urges to binge throughout the protocol, whereas BN group reported stronger urges to binge relative to the HC group only at Baseline and Recovery. The BN and BED groups experienced decreased urges to binge during all film clips compared to Baseline. Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia levels were significantly lower in the BED group compared to HCs and the BN group throughout the protocol. Discussion: Standardized validated film clips can be used to elicit expected self-reported emotion and skin conductance responses in ED groups, although individuals with EDs compared HCs report greater negative emotions. Interestingly, film clips appeared to reduce urges to binge in binge-eating groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie N French
- Temple Eating Disorders Program, Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eunice Y Chen
- Temple Eating Disorders Program, Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Walker DC, Gorrell S, Hildebrandt T, Anderson DA. Consequences of Repeated Critical Versus Neutral Body Checking in Women With High Shape or Weight Concern. Behav Ther 2021; 52:830-846. [PMID: 34134824 PMCID: PMC8827350 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Body checking is a repeated behavior conducted in an attempt to gain information about one's shape, weight, size, or body composition. Body checking is associated with negative behavioral, emotional, and cognitive outcomes and may maintain body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. The precise function and consequences of body checking remain less well understood. Specifically, immediate and delayed impacts of repeated critical body checking (CBC) have not been determined. The current study randomly assigned 142 young women with high shape/weight concern to daily 10-min CBC, neutral body checking (NBC), or a non-body critical checking (NBCC) comparison condition, examining their immediate and delayed (one-week follow-up) effects on body satisfaction, self-esteem, and negative affect. Multilevel modeling and follow-up planned comparisons found that compared to NBCC, CBC participants' body satisfaction and self-esteem immediately decreased, but negative affect improved from baseline to follow-up. Compared to CBC, NBC participants' self-esteem and negative affect improved immediately, and their self-esteem improved over time compared to NBCC. Over time, all participants' state body satisfaction improved, regardless of condition. Our findings suggest a 10-min CBC session may function differently than typical (harmful) in vivo body checking. However, reasons for this difference are unclear. Additional research is needed to distinguish (harmful) in vivo body checking from CBC procedures such as this and other mirror exposure interventions. Research is needed to examine the effects of varying CBC duration and instructions during body exposure to further clarify mechanisms of change during body exposures.
Collapse
|
147
|
Smith KE, Mason TB, Reilly EE, Hazzard VM, Borg SL, Dvorak R, Crosby RD, Wonderlich SA. Examining prospective mediational relationships between momentary rumination, negative affect, and binge eating using ecological momentary assessment. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021; 5:100138. [PMID: 34458883 PMCID: PMC8388245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rumination is linked to negative affect (NA), and there is accumulating support for an association between rumination and eating disorder (ED) behaviors. However, no research has examined the dynamic interrelationships between negative affect, rumination, and binge eating in naturalistic settings. METHODS The present study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess the hypotheses that momentary rumination would mediate relationships between NA and binge eating, and momentary NA would mediate relationships between rumination and binge eating. Given that rumination may be focused on weight, shape, and food in ED samples, models were examined separately for general and ED-specific rumination. Forty women completed a 10-day EMA protocol that included measures of NA, general and ED-specific rumination, and binge eating. RESULTS Multilevel mediation models indicated significant within-subjects indirect effects, such that momentary general rumination mediated the association between NA and binge eating, and NA also mediated the association between general but not ED-specific rumination and binge eating. Between-subjects effects indicated women with higher overall NA reported greater ED-specific rumination, which was associated with greater binge eating. LIMITATIONS The study was limited by a modest sample size, and the design precludes causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the momentary interplay between rumination and NA as a mechanism underlying binge eating, as well as the specificity of ruminative thought content in relationship to binge eating. Future work is needed to address the construct of rumination in the context of eating disorder interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, #2200, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Erin E. Reilly
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, United States
| | - Vivienne M. Hazzard
- Sanford Center for Bio-Behavioral Research, Sanford Health, Faro, North Dakota, United States
| | - Skylar L. Borg
- Sanford Center for Bio-Behavioral Research, Sanford Health, Faro, North Dakota, United States
| | - Robert Dvorak
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Ross D. Crosby
- Sanford Center for Bio-Behavioral Research, Sanford Health, Faro, North Dakota, United States
| | - Stephen A. Wonderlich
- Sanford Center for Bio-Behavioral Research, Sanford Health, Faro, North Dakota, United States
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Mason TB, Smith KE, Anderson LM, Schaefer LM, Engel SG, Crow SJ, Crosby RD, Peterson CB, Wonderlich SA. Affective response to binge eating as a predictor of binge eating disorder treatment outcome. Clin Psychol Sci 2021; 9:752-760. [PMID: 34765322 PMCID: PMC8579466 DOI: 10.1177/2167702620985198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This report examined baseline affective response to binge eating as a predictor of binge-eating disorder (BED) treatment outcome. Baseline affective response was defined as: (1) each individual's average net change (i.e., area under the curve [AUC]) of positive affect (PA) or negative affect (NA) before and after binge-eating episodes and (2) post-binge eating slope of PA or NA across seven-days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Adults with BED completed Integrative Cognitive-Affective Therapy (ICAT-BED) or cognitive behavioral therapy guided self-help (CBTgsh). Individuals with greater net increases in PA (AUC) following binge eating at baseline exhibited better treatment response in ICAT-BED at end-of-treatment and follow-up. NA affective response was only significant at end-of-treatment; individuals with less rapid post-binge improvements in NA (slope) did better in ICAT-BED, while individuals with lower net improvements in NA (AUC) did better in CBTgsh. Affective response to binge eating may be a marker of BED treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kathryn E. Smith
- Department of Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND
| | - Lisa M. Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Scott G. Engel
- Department of Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND
| | - Scott J. Crow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ross D. Crosby
- Department of Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND
| | - Carol B. Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Stephen A. Wonderlich
- Department of Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Health, Fargo, ND
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Romano KA, Stamates A, Heron KE, Braitman AL, Lau-Barraco C. Sex and Racial Differences in Patterns of Disordered Eating and Alcohol Use. Behav Med 2021; 47:272-284. [PMID: 32275196 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2020.1748862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine how young adults' use of disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) and alcohol uniquely cluster with one another, how these clusters differ by sex and race, and map onto health-related correlates. As a part of a cross-sectional study assessing college student health and experiences, female (n = 1,026), male (n = 336), White (n = 640), and Black (n = 561) young adult college students at three universities (Mage = 20.54, SD = 1.80) completed measures assessing DEBs and alcohol use, and physical and mental health. Multigroup mixture modeling was used to identify subgroups of female, male, White, and Black young adults that are characterized by different levels of DEBs (fasting, food avoidance, loss of control eating, overeating) and alcohol use (binge drinking, drinking quantity). Whether group membership relates to theoretically and clinically relevant health correlates (stress, depressive symptoms, sleep health) was examined via auxiliary analyses. Qualitative and quantitative differences were identified in the best-fitting mixture models for female (four groups), male (four groups), White (five groups), and Black (three groups) participants that suggest sex and racial variations exist in patterns of DEBs and alcohol use severity. Generally, classification in groups characterized by moderate to high probabilities of DEBs only, or the combination of moderate to high DEBs and alcohol use, was associated with worse affective concerns across sexes and races. Targeting young adults' DEBs and alcohol use via diversity-informed treatments focused on coping skill development may help promote health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Romano
- Psychology, The Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology
| | - Amy Stamates
- Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Kristin E Heron
- Psychology, The Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology.,Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Abby L Braitman
- Psychology, The Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology.,Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Cathy Lau-Barraco
- Psychology, The Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology.,Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Hall M, Scherner PV, Kreidel Y, Rubel JA. A Systematic Review of Momentary Assessment Designs for Mood and Anxiety Symptoms. Front Psychol 2021; 12:642044. [PMID: 34079492 PMCID: PMC8165285 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.642044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Altering components of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) measures to better suit the purposes of individual studies is a common and oftentimes necessary step. Though the inherent flexibility in EMA has its benefits, no resource exists to provide an overview of the variability in how convergent constructs and symptoms have been assessed in the past. The present study fills that gap by examining EMA measurement design for mood and anxiety symptomatology. Methods: Various search engines were used to identify 234 relevant studies. Items administered, data collection schedules (i.e., beeps per day), response scales (i.e., Likert), data collection platforms (i.e., apps), and psychometric properties (i.e., reliability) were extracted. Results: Study designs varied greatly in all aspects across the identified papers. Over 4,600 extracted items were qualitatively analyzed, resulting in the identification of 12 themes. The most EMA items focused on affect, with categories such as "happiness" and "tension" appearing most frequently. We provide all of our data extraction in the format of an open-source database. Limitations: Despite our best attempts to include as much of the relevant literature as possible, this review and the accompanying database are not exhaustive, but can easily be built upon to include other, newer studies. Conclusions: The fact that the affect theme featured both positive and negative emotional constructs highlights the dichotomous focus on valence and affect within the literature surrounding anxious and depressive symptomatology. We hope that our database will act as a helpful design decision-making resource for researchers studying this kind of symptomatology in the future. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42019139409).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mila Hall
- Psychotherapy Research Lab, Department of Psychology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Paloma V Scherner
- Psychotherapy Research Lab, Department of Psychology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yannic Kreidel
- Psychotherapy Research Lab, Department of Psychology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julian A Rubel
- Psychotherapy Research Lab, Department of Psychology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|