101
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Duan K, Gu Q, Petralia RS, Wang YX, Panja D, Liu X, Lehmann ML, Zhu H, Zhu J, Li Z. Mitophagy in the basolateral amygdala mediates increased anxiety induced by aversive social experience. Neuron 2021; 109:3793-3809.e8. [PMID: 34614419 PMCID: PMC8639775 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress is a common risk factor for anxiety disorders. The cellular mechanism for the anxiogenic effect of psychosocial stress is largely unclear. Here, we show that chronic social defeat (CSD) stress in mice causes mitochondrial impairment, which triggers the PINK1-Parkin mitophagy pathway selectively in the amygdala. This mitophagy elevation causes excessive mitochondrial elimination and consequent mitochondrial deficiency. Mitochondrial deficiency in the basolateral amygdalae (BLA) causes weakening of synaptic transmission in the BLA-BNST (bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) anxiolytic pathway and increased anxiety. The CSD-induced increase in anxiety-like behaviors is abolished in Pink1-/- and Park2-/- mice and alleviated by optogenetic activation of the BLA-BNST synapse. This study identifies an unsuspected role of mitophagy in psychogenetic-stress-induced anxiety elevation and reveals that mitochondrial deficiency is sufficient to increase anxiety and underlies the psychosocial-stress-induced anxiety increase. Mitochondria and mitophagy, therefore, can be potentially targeted to ameliorate anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizheng Duan
- Section on Synapse Development Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qinhua Gu
- Section on Synapse Development Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ya-Xian Wang
- Advanced Imaging Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Debabrata Panja
- Section on Synapse Development Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xing Liu
- Section on Synapse Development Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael L Lehmann
- Section on Functional Neuroanatomy, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Huiwen Zhu
- Section on Synapse Development Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Section on Synapse Development Plasticity, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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102
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Wang H, Xiong WC, Mei L. Excessive mitophagy for anxiety. Neuron 2021; 109:3715-3716. [PMID: 34856130 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Neuron, Duan et al. (2021) identified excessive mitophagy in BLA neurons synapsing onto adBNST neurons as a mechanism for reduced neurotransmission and social defeat-induced anxiety-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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103
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Roy N, Parhar I. Habenula orphan G-protein coupled receptors in the pathophysiology of fear and anxiety. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:870-883. [PMID: 34801259 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The phasic emotion, fear, and the tonic emotion, anxiety, have been conventionally inspected in clinical frameworks to epitomize memory acquisition, storage, and retrieval. However, inappropriate expression of learned fear in a safe environment and its resistance to suppression is a cardinal feature of various fear-related disorders. A significant body of literature suggests the involvement of extra-amygdala circuitry in fear disorders. Consistent with this view, the present review underlies incentives for the association between the habenula and fear memory. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important to understand the molecular mechanisms central to fear learning due to their neuromodulatory role. The efficacy of a pharmacological strategy aimed at exploiting habenular-GPCR desensitization machinery can serve as a therapeutic target combating the pathophysiology of fear disorders. Originating from this milieu, the conserved nature of orphan GPCRs in the brain, with some having the highest expression in the habenula can lead to recent endeavors in understanding its functionality in fear circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisa Roy
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ishwar Parhar
- Brain Research Institute, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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104
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Jaramillo AA, Brown JA, Winder DG. Danger and distress: Parabrachial-extended amygdala circuits. Neuropharmacology 2021; 198:108757. [PMID: 34461068 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the role of the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) has evolved as technology has advanced, in part due to cell-specific studies and complex behavioral assays. This is reflected in the heterogeneous neuronal populations within the PBN to the extended amygdala (EA) circuits which encompass the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and central amygdala (CeA) circuitry, as they differentially modulate aspects of behavior in response to diverse threat-like contexts necessary for survival. Here we review how the PBN→CeA and PBN→BNST pathways differentially modulate fear-like behavior, innate and conditioned, through unique changes in neurotransmission in response to stress-inducing contexts. Furthermore, we hypothesize how in specific instances the PBN→CeA and PBN→BNST circuits are redundant and in part intertwined with their respective reciprocal projections. By deconstructing the interoceptive and exteroceptive components of affect- and stress related behavioral paradigms, evidence suggests that the PBN→CeA circuit modulates innate response to physical stimuli and fear conditioning. Conversely, the PBN→BNST circuit modulates distress-like stress in unpredictable contexts. Thereby, the PBN provides a pathway for alarming interoceptive and exteroceptive stimuli to be processed and relayed to the EA to induce stress-relevant affect. Additionally, we provide a framework for future studies to detail the cell-type specific intricacies of PBN→EA circuits in mediating behavioral responses to threats, and the relevance of the PBN in drug-use as it relates to threat and negative reinforcement. This article is part of the special Issue on 'Neurocircuitry Modulating Drug and Alcohol Abuse'.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Jaramillo
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Dept. Mol. Phys. & Biophysics, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, USA
| | - J A Brown
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Dept. Mol. Phys. & Biophysics, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, USA; Department of Pharmacology, USA
| | - D G Winder
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Dept. Mol. Phys. & Biophysics, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, USA; Department of Pharmacology, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, USA.
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105
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Abstract
On the occasion of the 2021 Lasker Basic Medical Research Award to Karl Deisseroth, Peter Hegemann, and Dieter Oesterhelt (for "the discovery of light-sensitive microbial proteins that can activate or deactivate individual brain cells-leading to the development of optogenetics and revolutionizing neuroscience"), Deisseroth reflects on this international collaboration, his basic mechanistic and structural discoveries regarding microbial channels that transduce photons into ion current, the causal exploration of brain cell function, and the pressing mysteries of psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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106
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Stein DJ, Craske MG, Rothbaum BO, Chamberlain SR, Fineberg NA, Choi KW, de Jonge P, Baldwin DS, Maj M. The clinical characterization of the adult patient with an anxiety or related disorder aimed at personalization of management. World Psychiatry 2021; 20:336-356. [PMID: 34505377 PMCID: PMC8429350 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical construct of "anxiety neurosis" was broad and poorly defined, so that the delineation of specific anxiety disorders in the DSM-III was an important advance. However, anxiety and related disorders are not only frequently comorbid, but each is also quite heterogeneous; thus diagnostic manuals provide only a first step towards formulating a management plan, and the development of additional decision support tools for the treatment of anxiety conditions is needed. This paper aims to describe systematically important domains that are relevant to the personalization of management of anxiety and related disorders in adults. For each domain, we summarize the available research evidence and review the relevant assessment instruments, paying special attention to their suitability for use in routine clinical practice. We emphasize areas where the available evidence allows the clinician to personalize the management of anxiety conditions, and we point out key unmet needs. Overall, the evidence suggests that we are becoming able to move from simply recommending that anxiety and related disorders be treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, cognitive-behavioral therapy, or their combination, to a more complex approach which emphasizes that the clinician has a broadening array of management modalities available, and that the treatment of anxiety and related disorders can already be personalized in a number of important respects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J Stein
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle G Craske
- Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Naomi A Fineberg
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, and Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Hatfield, UK
- University of Cambridge Clinical Medical School, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karmel W Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter de Jonge
- Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David S Baldwin
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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107
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Liu X, Chen H, Wang Y, Si Y, Zhang H, Li X, Zhang Z, Yan B, Jiang S, Wang F, Weng S, Xu W, Zhao D, Zhang J, Zhang F. Near-infrared manipulation of multiple neuronal populations via trichromatic upconversion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5662. [PMID: 34580314 PMCID: PMC8476604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using multi-color visible lights for independent optogenetic manipulation of multiple neuronal populations offers the ability for sophisticated brain functions and behavior dissection. To mitigate invasive fiber insertion, infrared light excitable upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with deep tissue penetration have been implemented in optogenetics. However, due to the chromatic crosstalk induced by the multiple emission peaks, conventional UCNPs or their mixture cannot independently activate multiple targeted neuronal populations. Here, we report NIR multi-color optogenetics by the well-designed trichromatic UCNPs with excitation-specific luminescence. The blue, green and red color emissions can be separately tuned by switching excitation wavelength to match respective spectral profiles of optogenetic proteins ChR2, C1V1 and ChrimsonR, which enables selective activation of three distinct neuronal populations. Such stimulation with tunable intensity can not only activate distinct neuronal populations selectively, but also achieve transcranial selective modulation of the motion behavior of awake-mice, which opens up a possibility of multi-color upconversion optogenetics. Conventional upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) cannot activate multiple neuron populations independently using optogenetics. Here the authors report trichromatic UCNPs with excitation-specific luminescence to allow activation of three distinct neuronal populations in the brain of awake mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Heming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yueguang Si
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengcheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Biao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Su Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Priority Among Priorities of Shanghai Municipal Clinical Medicine Center, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Priority Among Priorities of Shanghai Municipal Clinical Medicine Center, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shijun Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wendong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.,Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Priority Among Priorities of Shanghai Municipal Clinical Medicine Center, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Department of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Jing'an District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.
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108
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Wang KY, Wu JW, Cheng JK, Chen CC, Wong WY, Averkin RG, Tamás G, Nakazawa K, Lien CC. Elevation of hilar mossy cell activity suppresses hippocampal excitability and avoidance behavior. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109702. [PMID: 34525354 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) excitability regulates anxiety. In the DG, glutamatergic mossy cells (MCs) receive the excitatory drive from principal granule cells (GCs) and mediate the feedback excitation and inhibition of GCs. However, the circuit mechanism by which MCs regulate anxiety-related information routing through hippocampal circuits remains unclear. Moreover, the correlation between MC activity and anxiety states is unclear. In this study, we first demonstrate, by means of calcium fiber photometry, that MC activity in the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) of mice increases while they explore anxiogenic environments. Next, juxtacellular recordings reveal that optogenetic activation of MCs preferentially recruits GABAergic neurons, thereby suppressing GCs and ventral CA1 neurons. Finally, chemogenetic excitation of MCs in the vHPC reduces avoidance behaviors in both healthy and anxious mice. These results not only indicate an anxiolytic role of MCs but also suggest that MCs may be a potential therapeutic target for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yi Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jei-Wei Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kun Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei 252, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | | | - Wai-Yi Wong
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Robert G Averkin
- ELKH-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tamás
- ELKH-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Kazu Nakazawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Cheng-Chang Lien
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
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109
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Li Z, Rizzi G, Tan KR. Zona incerta subpopulations differentially encode and modulate anxiety. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf6709. [PMID: 34516764 PMCID: PMC8442884 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent clinical observations linking the zona incerta (ZI) to anxiety, little is known about whether and how the ZI processes anxiety. Here, we subject mice to anxious experiences and observe an increase in ZI c-fos–labeled neurons and single-cell calcium activity as well as an efficient effect of ZI infusion of diazepam, a classical anxiolytic drug. We further identify that somatostatin (SOM)–, calretinin (CR)–, and vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (Vglut2)–expressing cells display unique electrophysiological profiles; however, they similarly respond to anxiety-provoking stimuli and to diazepam. Optogenetic manipulations reveal that each of these ZI neuronal populations triggers specific anxiety-related behavioral phenotypes. Activation of SOM-expressing neurons induced anxiety, while photoactivation of CR-positive cells and photoinhibition of Vglut2-expressing neurons produce anxiolysis. Furthermore, activation of CR- and Vglut2-positive cells provokes rearing and jumps, respectively. Our findings provide the first experimental evidence that ZI subpopulations encode and modulate different components of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoliang Li
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Rizzi
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kelly R. Tan
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Corresponding author.
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110
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Gomes-de-Souza L, Bianchi PC, Costa-Ferreira W, Tomeo RA, Cruz FC, Crestani CC. CB 1 and CB 2 receptors in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis differently modulate anxiety-like behaviors in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110284. [PMID: 33609604 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is implicated in anxiety, but the brain sites involved are not completely understood. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) has been related to anxiety and responses to aversive threats. Besides, endocannabinoid neurotransmission acting via CB1 receptors was identified in the BNST. However, the presence of CB2 receptors and the role of BNST endocannabinoid system in anxiety-like behaviors have never been reported. Therefore, this study investigated the presence of CB1 and CB2 receptors in the BNST and their role in anxiety-like behaviors. For this, gene expression of the endocannabinoid receptors was evaluated in samples from anterior and posterior BNST. Besides, behaviors were evaluated in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) in unstressed rats (trait anxiety-like behavior) and after exposure to restraint stress (restraint-evoked anxiety-like behavior) in rats treated with either the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 or the CB2 receptor antagonist JTE907 into the anterior BNST. The presence of CB1 and CB2 receptors gene expression was identified in anterior and posterior divisions of the BNST. Bilateral microinjection of AM251 into the anterior BNST dose-dependently increased EPM open arms exploration in unstressed animals and inhibited the anxiety-like behavior in the EPM evoked by restraint. Conversely, intra-BNST microinjection of JTE907 decreased EPM open arms exploration in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited restraint-evoked behavioral changes in the EPM. Taken together, these results indicate that CB1 and CB2 receptors present in the BNST are involved in control of anxiety-like behaviors, and control by the latter is affected by previous stress experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula C Bianchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Paulista Medicine School, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Tomeo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio C Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Paulista Medicine School, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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111
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Fakira AK, Lueptow LM, Trimbake NA, Devi LA. PEN Receptor GPR83 in Anxiety-Like Behaviors: Differential Regulation in Global vs Amygdalar Knockdown. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:675769. [PMID: 34512237 PMCID: PMC8427670 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.675769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are prevalent across the United States and result in a large personal and societal burden. Currently, numerous therapeutic and pharmaceutical treatment options exist. However, drugs to classical receptor targets have shown limited efficacy and often come with unpleasant side effects, highlighting the need to identify novel targets involved in the etiology and treatment of anxiety disorders. GPR83, a recently deorphanized receptor activated by the abundant neuropeptide PEN, has also been identified as a glucocorticoid regulated receptor (and named GIR) suggesting that this receptor may be involved in stress-responses that underlie anxiety. Consistent with this, GPR83 null mice have been found to be resistant to stress-induced anxiety. However, studies examining the role of GPR83 within specific brain regions or potential sex differences have been lacking. In this study, we investigate anxiety-related behaviors in male and female mice with global knockout and following local GPR83 knockdown in female mice. We find that a global knockdown of GPR83 has minimal impact on anxiety-like behaviors in female mice and a decrease in anxiety-related behaviors in male mice. In contrast, a local GPR83 knockdown in the basolateral amygdala leads to more anxiety-related behaviors in female mice. Local GPR83 knockdown in the central amygdala or nucleus accumbens (NAc) showed no significant effect on anxiety-related behaviors. Finally, dexamethasone administration leads to a significant decrease in receptor expression in the amygdala and NAc of female mice. Together, our studies uncover a significant, but divergent role for GPR83 in different brain regions in the regulation of anxiety-related behaviors, which is furthermore dependent on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lakshmi A. Devi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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112
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Levine OB, Skelly MJ, Miller JD, Rivera-Irizarry JK, Rowson SA, DiBerto JF, Rinker JA, Thiele TE, Kash TL, Pleil KE. The paraventricular thalamus provides a polysynaptic brake on limbic CRF neurons to sex-dependently blunt binge alcohol drinking and avoidance behavior in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5080. [PMID: 34426574 PMCID: PMC8382748 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) neurons that synthesize corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) drive binge alcohol drinking and anxiety. Here, we found that female C57BL/6J mice binge drink more than males and have greater basal BNSTCRF neuron excitability and synaptic excitation. We identified a dense VGLUT2 + synaptic input from the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) that releases glutamate directly onto BNSTCRF neurons but also engages a large BNST interneuron population to ultimately inhibit BNSTCRF neurons, and this polysynaptic PVTVGLUT2-BNSTCRF circuit is more robust in females than males. Chemogenetic inhibition of the PVTBNST projection promoted binge alcohol drinking only in female mice, while activation reduced avoidance behavior in both sexes. Lastly, repeated binge drinking produced a female-like phenotype in the male PVT-BNSTCRF excitatory synapse without altering the function of PVTBNST neurons per se. Our data describe a complex, feedforward inhibitory PVTVGLUT2-BNSTCRF circuit that is sex-dependent in its function, behavioral roles, and alcohol-induced plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia B Levine
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Jane Skelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Psychology Department, Iona College, New Rochelle, NY, USA
| | - John D Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean K Rivera-Irizarry
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sydney A Rowson
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey F DiBerto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer A Rinker
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Todd E Thiele
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas L Kash
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristen E Pleil
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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113
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Gomes-de-Souza L, Costa-Ferreira W, Mendonça MM, Xavier CH, Crestani CC. Lateral hypothalamus involvement in control of stress response by bed nucleus of the stria terminalis endocannabinoid neurotransmission in male rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16133. [PMID: 34373508 PMCID: PMC8352993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid neurotransmission acting via local CB1 receptor in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) has been implicated in behavioral and physiological responses to emotional stress. However, the neural network related to this control is poorly understood. In this sense, the lateral hypothalamus (LH) is involved in stress responses, and BNST GABAergic neurons densely innervate this hypothalamic nucleus. However, a role of BNST projections to the LH in physiological responses to stress is unknown. Therefore, using male rats, we investigated the role of LH GABAergic neurotransmission in the regulation of cardiovascular responses to stress by CB1 receptors within the BNST. We observed that microinjection of the selective CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 into the BNST decreased the number of Fos-immunoreactive cells within the LH of rats submitted to acute restraint stress. Treatment of the BNST with AM251 also enhanced restraint-evoked tachycardia. Nevertheless, arterial pressure increase and sympathetically-mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction to restraint was not affected by CB1 receptor antagonism within the BNST. The effect of AM251 in the BNST on restraint-evoked tachycardia was abolished in animals pretreated with the selective GABAA receptor antagonist SR95531 in the LH. These results indicate that regulation of cardiovascular responses to stress by CB1 receptors in the BNST is mediated by GABAergic neurotransmission in the LH. Present data also provide evidence of the BNST endocannabinoid neurotransmission as a mechanism involved in LH neuronal activation during stressful events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gomes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian Costa-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle M Mendonça
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Xavier
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jau Km 01 (Campus Universitário), Campus Ville, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil.
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114
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Gordon-Fennell A, Stuber GD. Illuminating subcortical GABAergic and glutamatergic circuits for reward and aversion. Neuropharmacology 2021; 198:108725. [PMID: 34375625 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reinforcement, reward, and aversion are fundamental processes for guiding appropriate behaviors. Longstanding theories have pointed to dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the limbic systems' descending pathways as crucial systems for modulating these behaviors. The application of optogenetic techniques in neurotransmitter- and projection-specific circuits has supported and enhanced many preexisting theories but has also revealed many unexpected results. Here, we review the past decade of optogenetic experiments to study the neural circuitry of reinforcement and reward/aversion with a focus on the mesolimbic dopamine system and brain areas along the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). The cumulation of these studies to date has revealed generalizable findings across molecularly defined cell types in areas of the basal forebrain and anterior hypothalamus. Optogenetic stimulation of GABAergic neurons in these brain regions drives reward and can support positive reinforcement and optogenetic stimulation of glutamatergic neurons in these regions drives aversion. We also review studies of the activity dynamics of neurotransmitter defined populations in these areas which have revealed varied response patterns associated with motivated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gordon-Fennell
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Garret D Stuber
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA.
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115
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Morikawa S, Katori K, Takeuchi H, Ikegaya Y. Brain-wide mapping of presynaptic inputs to basolateral amygdala neurons. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:3062-3075. [PMID: 33797073 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The basolateral amygdala (BLA), a region critical for emotional processing, is the limbic hub that is connected with various brain regions. BLA neurons are classified into different subtypes that exhibit differential projection patterns and mediate distinct emotional behaviors; however, little is known about their presynaptic input patterns. In this study, we employed projection-specific monosynaptic rabies virus tracing to identify the direct monosynaptic inputs to BLA subtypes. We found that each neuronal subtype receives long-range projection input from specific brain regions. In contrast to their specific axonal projection patterns, all BLA neuronal subtypes exhibited relatively similar input patterns. This anatomical organization supports the idea that the BLA is a central integrator that associates sensory information in different modalities with valence and sends associative information to behaviorally relevant brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Morikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Katori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Social Cooperation Program of Evolutional Chemical Safety Assessment System, LECSAS, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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116
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Cruces-Solis H, Babaev O, Ali H, Piletti Chatain C, Mykytiuk V, Balekoglu N, Wenger S, Krueger-Burg D. Altered theta and beta oscillatory synchrony in a genetic mouse model of pathological anxiety. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21585. [PMID: 33960026 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002028rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
While the neural circuits mediating normal, adaptive defensive behaviors have been extensively studied, substantially less is currently known about the network mechanisms by which aberrant, pathological anxiety is encoded in the brain. Here we investigate in mice how deletion of Neuroligin-2 (Nlgn2), an inhibitory synapse-specific adhesion protein that has been associated with pathological anxiety and other psychiatric disorders, alters the communication between key brain regions involved in mediating defensive behaviors. To this end, we performed multi-site simultaneous local field potential (LFP) recordings from the basolateral amygdala (BLA), centromedial amygdala (CeM), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ventral hippocampus (vHPC) in an open field paradigm. We found that LFP power in the vHPC was profoundly increased and was accompanied by an abnormal modulation of the synchrony of theta frequency oscillations particularly in the vHPC-mPFC-BLA circuit. Moreover, deletion of Nlgn2 increased beta and gamma frequency synchrony across the network, and this increase was associated with increased center avoidance. Local deletion of Nlgn2 in the vHPC and BLA revealed that they encode distinct aspects of this avoidance phenotype, with vHPC linked to immobility and BLA linked to a reduction in exploratory activity. Together, our data demonstrate that alterations in long-range functional connectivity link synaptic inhibition to abnormal defensive behaviors, and that both exaggerated activation of normal defensive circuits and recruitment of fundamentally distinct mechanisms contribute to this phenotype. Nlgn2 knockout mice therefore represent a highly relevant model to study the role of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the circuits underlying anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Cruces-Solis
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olga Babaev
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heba Ali
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolina Piletti Chatain
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vasyl Mykytiuk
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nursen Balekoglu
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sally Wenger
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dilja Krueger-Burg
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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117
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Chen YH, Wu JL, Hu NY, Zhuang JP, Li WP, Zhang SR, Li XW, Yang JM, Gao TM. Distinct projections from the infralimbic cortex exert opposing effects in modulating anxiety and fear. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e145692. [PMID: 34263737 DOI: 10.1172/jci145692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety-related disorders can be treated by cognitive therapies and transcranial magnetic stimulation, which involve the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Subregions of the mPFC have been implicated in mediating different and even opposite roles in anxiety-related behaviors. However, precise causal targets of these top-down connections among diverse possibilities have not been established. Here, we show that the lateral septum (LS) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) represent 2 direct targets of the infralimbic cortex (IL), a subregion of the mPFC that modulates anxiety and fear. Two projections were unexpectedly found to exert opposite effects on the anxious state and learned freezing: the IL-LS projection promoted anxiety-related behaviors and fear-related freezing, whereas the IL-CeA projection exerted anxiolytic and fear-releasing effects for the same features. Furthermore, selective inhibition of corresponding circuit elements showed opposing behavioral effects compared with excitation. Notably, the IL-CeA projection implemented top-down control of the stress-induced high-anxiety state. These results suggest that distinct IL outputs exert opposite effects in modulating anxiety and fear and that modulating the excitability of these projections with distinct strategies may be beneficial for the treatment of anxiety disorders.
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118
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Melchior JR, Perez RE, Salimando GJ, Luchsinger JR, Basu A, Winder DG. Cocaine Augments Dopamine-Mediated Inhibition of Neuronal Activity in the Dorsal Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5876-5893. [PMID: 34035141 PMCID: PMC8265809 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0284-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal region of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST) receives substantial dopaminergic input which overlaps with norepinephrine input implicated in stress responses. Using ex vivo fast scan cyclic voltammetry in male C57BL6 mouse brain slices, we demonstrate that electrically stimulated dBNST catecholamine signals are of substantially lower magnitude and have slower uptake rates compared with caudate signals. Dopamine terminal autoreceptor activation inhibited roughly half of the catecholamine transient, and noradrenergic autoreceptor activation produced an ∼30% inhibition. Dopamine transporter blockade with either cocaine or GBR12909 significantly augmented catecholamine signal duration. We optogenetically targeted dopamine terminals in the dBNST of transgenic (TH:Cre) mice of either sex and, using ex vivo whole-cell electrophysiology, we demonstrate that optically stimulated dopamine release induces slow outward membrane currents and an associated hyperpolarization response in a subset of dBNST neurons. These cellular responses had a similar temporal profile to dopamine release, were significantly reduced by the D2/D3 receptor antagonist raclopride, and were potentiated by cocaine. Using in vivo fiber photometry in male C57BL/6 mice during training sessions for cocaine conditioned place preference, we show that acute cocaine administration results in a significant inhibition of calcium transient activity in dBNST neurons compared with saline administration. These data provide evidence for a mechanism of dopamine-mediated cellular inhibition in the dBNST and demonstrate that cocaine augments this inhibition while also decreasing net activity in the dBNST in a drug reinforcement paradigm.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dBNST) is a region highly implicated in mediating stress responses; however, the dBNST also receives dopaminergic inputs from classically defined drug reward pathways. Here we used various techniques to demonstrate that dopamine signaling within the dBNST region has inhibitory effects on population activity. We show that cocaine, an abused psychostimulant, augments both catecholamine release and dopamine-mediated cellular inhibition in this region. We also demonstrate that cocaine administration reduces population activity in the dBNST, in vivo Together, these data support a mechanism of dopamine-mediated inhibition within the dBNST, providing a means by which drug-induced elevations in dopamine signaling may inhibit dBNST activity to promote drug reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Melchior
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Rafael E Perez
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute
- Department of Pharmacology
| | - Gregory J Salimando
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Joseph R Luchsinger
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute
- Vanderbilt J. F. Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212
| | - Aakash Basu
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Danny G Winder
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
- Department of Pharmacology
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences
- Vanderbilt J. F. Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212
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119
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Liu N, Han Y, Ding H, Huang K, Wei P, Wang L. Objective and comprehensive re-evaluation of anxiety-like behaviors in mice using the Behavior Atlas. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 559:1-7. [PMID: 33932895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Various animal models of anxiety have been developed to evaluate anxiety and anxiolytic drugs. However, non-uniform measuring paradigms, variability in apparatus use and individual differences in animals confound study results. In this study, when all animals were included in the data analysis, we found no significant differences between control and stressed mice using standard behavioral paradigms for assessing anxiety (elevated plus maze and open field test). To provide a better assessment of anxiety, we therefore used a machine learning approach to analyze the behavioral patterns of each animal, and selected typical subjects in each group for use as a training set according to classical anxiety parameters. Spontaneous behaviors in these animals were captured by multi-view cameras and decomposed into sub-second modules using Behavior Atlas, and six behavioral features providing statistically significant difference between stressed and control mice were identified. Combined with low-dimensional embedding and clustering, new features were used to discriminate stressed mice from controls, in both the training set and all objects. Our results show Behavior Atlas is a powerful approach for identifying new potential biomarkers in an unbiased fashion. Our approach can complement classical measuring paradigms to objectively and comprehensively evaluate anxiety-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaning Han
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kang Huang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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120
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Reduced Firing of Nucleus Accumbens Parvalbumin Interneurons Impairs Risk Avoidance in DISC1 Transgenic Mice. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1325-1338. [PMID: 34143365 PMCID: PMC8423984 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A strong animal survival instinct is to approach objects and situations that are of benefit and to avoid risk. In humans, a large proportion of mental disorders are accompanied by impairments in risk avoidance. One of the most important genes involved in mental disorders is disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1), and animal models in which this gene has some level of dysfunction show emotion-related impairments. However, it is not known whether DISC1 mouse models have an impairment in avoiding potential risks. In the present study, we used DISC1-N terminal truncation (DISC1-NTM) mice to investigate risk avoidance and found that these mice were impaired in risk avoidance on the elevated plus maze (EPM) and showed reduced social preference in a three-chamber social interaction test. Following EPM tests, c-Fos expression levels indicated that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) was associated with risk-avoidance behavior in DISC1-NTM mice. In addition, in vivo electrophysiological recordings following tamoxifen administration showed that the firing rates of fast-spiking neurons (FS) in the NAc were significantly lower in DISC1-NTM mice than in wild-type (WT) mice. In addition, in vitro patch clamp recording revealed that the frequency of action potentials stimulated by current injection was lower in parvalbumin (PV) neurons in the NAc of DISC1-NTM mice than in WT controls. The impairment of risk avoidance in DISC1-NTM mice was rescued using optogenetic tools that activated NAcPV neurons. Finally, inhibition of the activity of NAcPV neurons in PV-Cre mice mimicked the risk-avoidance impairment found in DISC1-NTM mice during tests on the elevated zero maze. Taken together, our findings confirm an impairment in risk avoidance in DISC1-NTM mice and suggest that reduced excitability of NAcPV neurons is responsible.
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121
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Petrie GN, Nastase AS, Aukema RJ, Hill MN. Endocannabinoids, cannabinoids and the regulation of anxiety. Neuropharmacology 2021; 195:108626. [PMID: 34116110 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis has been used for hundreds of years, with its ability to dampen feelings of anxiety often reported as a primary reason for use. Only recently has the specific role cannabinoids play in anxiety been thoroughly investigated. Here we discuss the body of evidence describing how endocannabinoids and exogenous cannabinoids are capable of regulating the generation and termination of anxiety states. Disruption of the endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) system following genetic manipulation, pharmacological intervention or stress exposure reliably leads to the generation of an anxiety state. On the other hand, upregulation of eCB signaling is capable of alleviating anxiety-like behaviors in multiple paradigms. When considering exogenous cannabinoid administration, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) agonists have a biphasic, dose-dependent effect on anxiety such that low doses are anxiolytic while high doses are anxiogenic, a phenomenon that is evident in both rodent models and humans. Translational studies investigating a loss of function mutation in the gene for fatty acid amide hydrolase, the enzyme responsible for metabolizing AEA, have also shown that AEA signaling regulates anxiety in humans. Taken together, evidence reviewed here has outlined a convincing argument for cannabinoids being powerful regulators of both the manifestation and amelioration of anxiety symptoms, and highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting the eCB system for the development of novel classes of anxiolytics. This article is part of the special issue on 'Cannabinoids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin N Petrie
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Education and Research, Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy & Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Andrei S Nastase
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Education and Research, Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy & Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Robert J Aukema
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Education and Research, Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy & Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Matthew N Hill
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and the Mathison Centre for Mental Health Education and Research, Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy & Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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122
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Ortiz-Juza MM, Alghorazi RA, Rodriguez-Romaguera J. Cell-type diversity in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to regulate motivated behaviors. Behav Brain Res 2021; 411:113401. [PMID: 34090941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) gained popularity as a unique brain region involved in regulating motivated behaviors related to neuropsychiatric disorders. The BNST, a component of the extended amygdala, consists of a variety of subnuclei and neuronal ensembles. Multiple studies have highlighted the BNST as playing a fundamental role in integrating information by interfacing with other brain regions to regulate distinct aspects of motivated behaviors associated with stress, anxiety, depression, and decision-making. However, due to the high molecular heterogeneity found within BNST neurons, the precise mechanisms by which this region regulates distinct motivational states remains largely unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing data have revealed that the BNST consists of multiple genetically identifiable cell-type clusters. Contemporary tools can therefore be leveraged to target and study such cell-types and elucidate their precise functional role. In this review, we discuss the different subsets of neurons found in the BNST, their anatomical distribution, and what is currently known about BNST cell-types in regulating motivated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Ortiz-Juza
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rizk A Alghorazi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jose Rodriguez-Romaguera
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disorders, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Carolina Stress Initiative, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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123
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Choi BR, Cave C, Na CH, Sockanathan S. GDE2-Dependent Activation of Canonical Wnt Signaling in Neurons Regulates Oligodendrocyte Maturation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107540. [PMID: 32375055 PMCID: PMC7254694 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons and oligodendrocytes communicate to regulate oligodendrocyte development and ensure appropriate axonal myelination. Here, we show that Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 2 (GDE2) signaling underlies a neuronal pathway that promotes oligodendrocyte maturation through the release of soluble neuronally derived factors. Mice lacking global or neuronal GDE2 expression have reduced mature oligodendrocytes and myelin proteins but retain normal numbers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Wild-type (WT) OPCs cultured in conditioned medium (CM) from Gde2-null (Gde2KO) neurons exhibit delayed maturation, recapitulating in vivo phenotypes. Gde2KO neurons show robust reduction in canonical Wnt signaling, and genetic activation of Wnt signaling in Gde2KO neurons rescues in vivo and in vitro oligodendrocyte maturation. Phosphacan, a known stimulant of oligodendrocyte maturation, is reduced in CM from Gde2KO neurons but is restored when Wnt signaling is activated. These studies identify GDE2 control of Wnt signaling as a neuronal pathway that signals to oligodendroglia to promote oligodendrocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ran Choi
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, PCTB 1004, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Clinton Cave
- Neuroscience Program, Middlebury College, 276 Bicentennial Way, MBH 351, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, MRB 753, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shanthini Sockanathan
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, PCTB 1004, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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124
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Giovanniello J, Ahrens S, Yu K, Li B. Sex-Specific Stress-Related Behavioral Phenotypes and Central Amygdala Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of 16p11.2 Microdeletion. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 1:59-69. [PMID: 36324434 PMCID: PMC9616311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Substantial evidence indicates that a microdeletion on human chromosome 16p11.2 is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Carriers of this deletion show divergent symptoms besides the core features of autism spectrum disorder, such as anxiety and emotional symptoms. The neural mechanisms underlying these symptoms are poorly understood. Methods We used mice heterozygous for a deletion allele of the genomic region corresponding to the human 16p11.2 microdeletion locus (i.e., 16p11.2 del/+ mice) and their sex-matched wild-type littermates for the study and examined their anxiety-related behaviors, auditory perception, and central amygdala circuit function using behavioral, circuit tracing, and electrophysiological techniques. Results Mice heterozygous for a deletion allele of the genomic region corresponding to the human 16p11.2 microdeletion locus (i.e., 16p11.2 del/+ mice) had sex-specific anxiety-related behavioral and neural circuit changes. Specifically, we found that female, but not male, 16p11.2 del/+ mice showed enhanced fear generalization-a hallmark of anxiety disorders-after auditory fear conditioning and displayed increased anxiety-like behaviors after physical restraint stress. Notably, such sex-specific behavioral changes were paralleled by an increase in activity in central amygdala neurons projecting to the globus pallidus in female, but not male, 16p11.2 del/+ mice. Conclusions Together, these results reveal female-specific anxiety phenotypes related to 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome and a potential underlying neural circuit mechanism. Our study therefore identifies previously underappreciated sex-specific behavioral and neural changes in a genetic model of 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome and highlights the importance of investigating female-specific aspects of this syndrome for targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Giovanniello
- School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Sandra Ahrens
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Kai Yu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Bo Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
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125
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Kokkinou M, Irvine EE, Bonsall DR, Natesan S, Wells LA, Smith M, Glegola J, Paul EJ, Tossell K, Veronese M, Khadayate S, Dedic N, Hopkins SC, Ungless MA, Withers DJ, Howes OD. Reproducing the dopamine pathophysiology of schizophrenia and approaches to ameliorate it: a translational imaging study with ketamine. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2562-2576. [PMID: 32382134 PMCID: PMC8440182 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia show increased striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in imaging studies. The mechanism underlying this is unclear but may be due to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction and parvalbumin (PV) neuronal dysfunction leading to disinhibition of mesostriatal dopamine neurons. Here, we develop a translational mouse model of the dopamine pathophysiology seen in schizophrenia and test approaches to reverse the dopamine changes. Mice were treated with sub-chronic ketamine (30 mg/kg) or saline and then received in vivo positron emission tomography of striatal dopamine synthesis capacity, analogous to measures used in patients. Locomotor activity was measured using the open-field test. In vivo cell-type-specific chemogenetic approaches and pharmacological interventions were used to manipulate neuronal excitability. Immunohistochemistry and RNA sequencing were used to investigate molecular mechanisms. Sub-chronic ketamine increased striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (Cohen's d = 2.5) and locomotor activity. These effects were countered by inhibition of midbrain dopamine neurons, and by activation of PV interneurons in pre-limbic cortex and ventral subiculum of the hippocampus. Sub-chronic ketamine reduced PV expression in these cortical and hippocampal regions. Pharmacological intervention with SEP-363856, a novel psychotropic agent with agonism at trace amine receptor 1 (TAAR1) and 5-HT1A receptors but no appreciable action at dopamine D2 receptors, significantly reduced the ketamine-induced increase in dopamine synthesis capacity. These results show that sub-chronic ketamine treatment in mice mimics the dopaminergic alterations in patients with psychosis, that this requires activation of midbrain dopamine neurons, and can be ameliorated by activating PV interneurons and by a TAAR1/5-HT1A agonist. This identifies novel therapeutic approaches for targeting presynaptic dopamine dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia and effects of ketamine relevant to its therapeutic use for treating major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kokkinou
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elaine E Irvine
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - David R Bonsall
- Invicro, Burlington Danes, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sridhar Natesan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa A Wells
- Invicro, Burlington Danes, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mark Smith
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Justyna Glegola
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eleanor J Paul
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kyoko Tossell
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Sanjay Khadayate
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nina Dedic
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Seth C Hopkins
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Mark A Ungless
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Dominic J Withers
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Oliver D Howes
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.
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126
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Hintiryan H, Bowman I, Johnson DL, Korobkova L, Zhu M, Khanjani N, Gou L, Gao L, Yamashita S, Bienkowski MS, Garcia L, Foster NN, Benavidez NL, Song MY, Lo D, Cotter KR, Becerra M, Aquino S, Cao C, Cabeen RP, Stanis J, Fayzullina M, Ustrell SA, Boesen T, Tugangui AJ, Zhang ZG, Peng B, Fanselow MS, Golshani P, Hahn JD, Wickersham IR, Ascoli GA, Zhang LI, Dong HW. Connectivity characterization of the mouse basolateral amygdalar complex. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2859. [PMID: 34001873 PMCID: PMC8129205 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The basolateral amygdalar complex (BLA) is implicated in behaviors ranging from fear acquisition to addiction. Optogenetic methods have enabled the association of circuit-specific functions to uniquely connected BLA cell types. Thus, a systematic and detailed connectivity profile of BLA projection neurons to inform granular, cell type-specific interrogations is warranted. Here, we apply machine-learning based computational and informatics analysis techniques to the results of circuit-tracing experiments to create a foundational, comprehensive BLA connectivity map. The analyses identify three distinct domains within the anterior BLA (BLAa) that house target-specific projection neurons with distinguishable morphological features. We identify brain-wide targets of projection neurons in the three BLAa domains, as well as in the posterior BLA, ventral BLA, posterior basomedial, and lateral amygdalar nuclei. Inputs to each nucleus also are identified via retrograde tracing. The data suggests that connectionally unique, domain-specific BLAa neurons are associated with distinct behavior networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houri Hintiryan
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Ian Bowman
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David L Johnson
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laura Korobkova
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Muye Zhu
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neda Khanjani
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lin Gou
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lei Gao
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seita Yamashita
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Bienkowski
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luis Garcia
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas N Foster
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nora L Benavidez
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Monica Y Song
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Darrick Lo
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kaelan R Cotter
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marlene Becerra
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarvia Aquino
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chunru Cao
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan P Cabeen
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jim Stanis
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marina Fayzullina
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah A Ustrell
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Boesen
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amanda J Tugangui
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zheng-Gang Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Fanselow
- Brain Research Institute, Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peyman Golshani
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- West Los Angeles Veterans Administration Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel D Hahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ian R Wickersham
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giorgio A Ascoli
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Li I Zhang
- Center for Neural Circuitry & Sensory Processing Disorders, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hong-Wei Dong
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- UCLA Brain Research & Artificial Intelligence Nexus, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Yan WW, Xia M, Chiang J, Levitt A, Hawkins N, Kearney J, Swanson GT, Chetkovich D, Nobis WP. Enhanced Synaptic Transmission in the Extended Amygdala and Altered Excitability in an Extended Amygdala to Brainstem Circuit in a Dravet Syndrome Mouse Model. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0306-20.2021. [PMID: 34045209 PMCID: PMC8213443 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0306-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with an increased incidence of sudden death. Evidence of interictal breathing deficits in DS suggests that alterations in subcortical projections to brainstem nuclei may exist, which might be driving comorbidities in DS. The aim of this study was to determine whether a subcortical structure, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in the extended amygdala, is activated by seizures, exhibits changes in excitability, and expresses any alterations in neurons projecting to a brainstem nucleus associated with respiration, stress response, and homeostasis. Experiments were conducted using F1 mice generated by breeding 129.Scn1a+/- mice with wild-type C57BL/6J mice. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify neuronal c-fos activation in DS mice after observed spontaneous seizures. Whole-cell patch-clamp and current-clamp electrophysiology recordings were conducted to evaluate changes in intrinsic and synaptic excitability in the BNST. Spontaneous seizures in DS mice significantly enhanced neuronal c-fos expression in the BNST. Further, the BNST had altered AMPA/NMDA postsynaptic receptor composition and showed changes in spontaneous neurotransmission, with greater excitation and decreased inhibition. BNST to parabrachial nucleus (PBN) projection neurons exhibited intrinsic excitability in wild-type mice, while these projection neurons were hypoexcitable in DS mice. The findings suggest that there is altered excitability in neurons of the BNST, including BNST-to-PBN projection neurons, in DS mice. These alterations could potentially be driving comorbid aspects of DS outside of seizures, including respiratory dysfunction and sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wei Yan
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Maya Xia
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jeremy Chiang
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Alyssa Levitt
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Nicole Hawkins
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Jennifer Kearney
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Geoffrey T Swanson
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Dane Chetkovich
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - William P Nobis
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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128
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Carboni E, Carta AR, Carboni E, Novelli A. Repurposing Ketamine in Depression and Related Disorders: Can This Enigmatic Drug Achieve Success? Front Neurosci 2021; 15:657714. [PMID: 33994933 PMCID: PMC8120160 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.657714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Repurposing ketamine in the therapy of depression could well represent a breakthrough in understanding the etiology of depression. Ketamine was originally used as an anesthetic drug and later its use was extended to other therapeutic applications such as analgesia and the treatment of addiction. At the same time, the abuse of ketamine as a recreational drug has generated a concern for its psychotropic and potential long-term effects; nevertheless, its use as a fast acting antidepressant in treatment-resistant patients has boosted the interest in the mechanism of action both in psychiatry and in the wider area of neuroscience. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the actions of ketamine and intends to cover: (i) the evaluation of its clinical use in the treatment of depression and suicidal behavior; (ii) the potential use of ketamine in pediatrics; (iii) a description of its mechanism of action; (iv) the involvement of specific brain areas in producing antidepressant effects; (v) the potential interaction of ketamine with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; (vi) the effect of ketamine on neuronal transmission in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis and on its output; (vii) the evaluation of any gender-dependent effects of ketamine; (viii) the interaction of ketamine with the inflammatory processes involved in depression; (ix) the evaluation of the effects observed with single or repeated administration; (x) a description of any adverse or cognitive effects and its abuse potential. Finally, this review attempts to assess whether ketamine's use in depression can improve our knowledge of the etiopathology of depression and whether its therapeutic effect can be considered an actual cure for depression rather than a therapy merely aimed to control the symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezio Carboni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna R. Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elena Carboni
- Unit of Paediatrics, ASST Cremona Maggiore Hospital, Cremona, Italy
| | - Antonello Novelli
- Department of Psychology and University Institute of Biotechnology of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Sanitary Institute of the Princedom of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Zhao XP, Zhong F, Luo RY, Zhang YL, Luo C, Li H, Dai RP. Early-life sevoflurane exposure impairs fear memory by suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis GABAergic neurons. Neuropharmacology 2021; 191:108584. [PMID: 33933475 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sevoflurane exposure in neonates induces long-term impairment of learning and memory; however, its effect on cognition in the later developmental period and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we showed that multiple sevoflurane exposures impaired fear memory at long retention delays in neonatal (postnatal day 7) and preadolescent mice (postnatal day 22), but not in mice at older ages. After the fear memory test, expression of phosphorylated extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (p-ERK) and c-fos were elevated in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and central amygdala, but not in the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex. The upregulation of p-ERK was restricted to populations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) neurons and was inhibited by multiple sevoflurane exposures. Intra-BNST injection of ERK inhibitor also impaired fear memory at long retention delays. In contrast, intra-BNST injection of ERK agonist attenuated impaired fear memory caused by repeated sevoflurane exposures. Injection of sevoflurane in the BNST but not the caudate putamen impaired the fear memory at long retention delays in preadolescent mice. Finally, chemogenetic activation of BNST GABAergic neurons by designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADD) reversed the impaired fear memory at long retention delays by multiple sevoflurane exposures. These findings suggest that multiple sevoflurane exposures impaired fear memory at long retention delays in preadolescent mice by suppressing the ERK signaling in GABAergic neurons in the BNST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Pei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ru-Yi Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ru-Ping Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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130
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Simpson S, Chen Y, Wellmeyer E, Smith LC, Aragon Montes B, George O, Kimbrough A. The Hidden Brain: Uncovering Previously Overlooked Brain Regions by Employing Novel Preclinical Unbiased Network Approaches. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:595507. [PMID: 33967705 PMCID: PMC8097000 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.595507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A large focus of modern neuroscience has revolved around preselected brain regions of interest based on prior studies. While there are reasons to focus on brain regions implicated in prior work, the result has been a biased assessment of brain function. Thus, many brain regions that may prove crucial in a wide range of neurobiological problems, including neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders, have been neglected. Advances in neuroimaging and computational neuroscience have made it possible to make unbiased assessments of whole-brain function and identify previously overlooked regions of the brain. This review will discuss the tools that have been developed to advance neuroscience and network-based computational approaches used to further analyze the interconnectivity of the brain. Furthermore, it will survey examples of neural network approaches that assess connectivity in clinical (i.e., human) and preclinical (i.e., animal model) studies and discuss how preclinical studies of neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders can greatly benefit from the unbiased nature of whole-brain imaging and network neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yueyi Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Emma Wellmeyer
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lauren C Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Brianna Aragon Montes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Adam Kimbrough
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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131
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Vedam-Mai V, Deisseroth K, Giordano J, Lazaro-Munoz G, Chiong W, Suthana N, Langevin JP, Gill J, Goodman W, Provenza NR, Halpern CH, Shivacharan RS, Cunningham TN, Sheth SA, Pouratian N, Scangos KW, Mayberg HS, Horn A, Johnson KA, Butson CR, Gilron R, de Hemptinne C, Wilt R, Yaroshinsky M, Little S, Starr P, Worrell G, Shirvalkar P, Chang E, Volkmann J, Muthuraman M, Groppa S, Kühn AA, Li L, Johnson M, Otto KJ, Raike R, Goetz S, Wu C, Silburn P, Cheeran B, Pathak YJ, Malekmohammadi M, Gunduz A, Wong JK, Cernera S, Wagle Shukla A, Ramirez-Zamora A, Deeb W, Patterson A, Foote KD, Okun MS. Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: Advances in Optogenetics, Ethical Issues Affecting DBS Research, Neuromodulatory Approaches for Depression, Adaptive Neurostimulation, and Emerging DBS Technologies. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:644593. [PMID: 33953663 PMCID: PMC8092047 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.644593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We estimate that 208,000 deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices have been implanted to address neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders worldwide. DBS Think Tank presenters pooled data and determined that DBS expanded in its scope and has been applied to multiple brain disorders in an effort to modulate neural circuitry. The DBS Think Tank was founded in 2012 providing a space where clinicians, engineers, researchers from industry and academia discuss current and emerging DBS technologies and logistical and ethical issues facing the field. The emphasis is on cutting edge research and collaboration aimed to advance the DBS field. The Eighth Annual DBS Think Tank was held virtually on September 1 and 2, 2020 (Zoom Video Communications) due to restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The meeting focused on advances in: (1) optogenetics as a tool for comprehending neurobiology of diseases and on optogenetically-inspired DBS, (2) cutting edge of emerging DBS technologies, (3) ethical issues affecting DBS research and access to care, (4) neuromodulatory approaches for depression, (5) advancing novel hardware, software and imaging methodologies, (6) use of neurophysiological signals in adaptive neurostimulation, and (7) use of more advanced technologies to improve DBS clinical outcomes. There were 178 attendees who participated in a DBS Think Tank survey, which revealed the expansion of DBS into several indications such as obesity, post-traumatic stress disorder, addiction and Alzheimer’s disease. This proceedings summarizes the advances discussed at the Eighth Annual DBS Think Tank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinata Vedam-Mai
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - James Giordano
- Department of Neurology and Neuroethics Studies Program, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Gabriel Lazaro-Munoz
- Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Winston Chiong
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nanthia Suthana
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Langevin
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Neurosurgery Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jay Gill
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Wayne Goodman
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nicole R Provenza
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Casey H Halpern
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rajat S Shivacharan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tricia N Cunningham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sameer A Sheth
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nader Pouratian
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Katherine W Scangos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Department of Neurology and Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andreas Horn
- Movement Disorders & Neuromodulation Unit, Department for Neurology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kara A Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Christopher R Butson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ro'ee Gilron
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Coralie de Hemptinne
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Robert Wilt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Maria Yaroshinsky
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Simon Little
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Philip Starr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Greg Worrell
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Prasad Shirvalkar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology (Pain Management) and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Edward Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Neurologischen Klinik Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Section of Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Biomedical Statistics and Multimodal Signal Processing Unit, Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Section of Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Biomedical Statistics and Multimodal Signal Processing Unit, Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea A Kühn
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luming Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Matthew Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Kevin J Otto
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Robert Raike
- Restorative Therapies Group Implantables, Research and Core Technology, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Steve Goetz
- Restorative Therapies Group Implantables, Research and Core Technology, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Peter Silburn
- Asia Pacific Centre for Neuromodulation, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Binith Cheeran
- Neuromodulation Division, Abbott, Plano, TX, United States
| | - Yagna J Pathak
- Neuromodulation Division, Abbott, Plano, TX, United States
| | | | - Aysegul Gunduz
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Joshua K Wong
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stephanie Cernera
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Aparna Wagle Shukla
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Wissam Deeb
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts, Worchester, MA, United States
| | - Addie Patterson
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kelly D Foote
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael S Okun
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases and the Program for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Berry SC, Wise RG, Lawrence AD, Lancaster TM. Extended-amygdala intrinsic functional connectivity networks: A population study. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:1594-1616. [PMID: 33314443 PMCID: PMC7978137 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical and human neuroimaging research implicates the extended-amygdala (ExtA) (including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis [BST] and central nucleus of the amygdala [CeA]) in networks mediating negative emotional states associated with stress and substance-use behaviours. The extent to which individual ExtA structures form a functionally integrated unit is controversial. We utilised a large sample (n > 1,000 healthy young adult humans) to compare the intrinsic functional connectivity networks (ICNs) of the BST and CeA using task-free functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from the Human Connectome Project. We assessed whether inter-individual differences within these ICNs were related to two principal components representing negative disposition and alcohol use. Building on recent primate evidence, we tested whether within BST-CeA intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) was heritable and further examined co-heritability with our principal components. We demonstrate the BST and CeA to have discrete, but largely overlapping ICNs similar to previous findings. We found no evidence that within BST-CeA iFC was heritable; however, post hoc analyses found significant BST iFC heritability with the broader superficial and centromedial amygdala regions. There were no significant correlations or co-heritability associations with our principal components either across the ICNs or for specific BST-Amygdala iFC. Possible differences in phenotype associations across task-free, task-based, and clinical fMRI are discussed, along with suggestions for more causal investigative paradigms that make use of the now well-established ExtA ICNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C. Berry
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Richard G. Wise
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences"G. D'Annunzio University" of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Andrew D. Lawrence
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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133
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Zhang GW, Shen L, Tao C, Jung AH, Peng B, Li Z, Zhang LI, Tao HW. Medial preoptic area antagonistically mediates stress-induced anxiety and parental behavior. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:516-528. [PMID: 33526942 PMCID: PMC8328037 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is a negative emotional state that is overly displayed in anxiety disorders and depression. Although anxiety is known to be controlled by distributed brain networks, key components for its initiation, maintenance and coordination with behavioral state remain poorly understood. Here, we report that anxiogenic stressors elicit acute and prolonged responses in glutamatergic neurons of the mouse medial preoptic area (mPOA). These neurons encode extremely negative valence and mediate the induction and expression of anxiety-like behaviors. Conversely, mPOA GABA-containing neurons encode positive valence and produce anxiolytic effects. Such opposing roles are mediated by competing local interactions and long-range projections of neurons to the periaqueductal gray. The two neuronal populations antagonistically regulate anxiety-like and parental behaviors: anxiety is reduced, while parenting is enhanced and vice versa. Thus, by evaluating negative and positive valences through distinct but interacting circuits, the mPOA coordinates emotional state and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Wei Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Can Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - A-Hyun Jung
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Bo Peng
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Li I. Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to: L.I.Z. () or H.W.T. ()
| | - Huizhong Whit Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to: L.I.Z. () or H.W.T. ()
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134
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Qiu Q, Wu Y, Ma L, Xu W, Hills M, Ramalingam V, Yu CR. Acquisition of innate odor preference depends on spontaneous and experiential activities during critical period. eLife 2021; 10:e60546. [PMID: 33769278 PMCID: PMC8032394 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals possess an inborn ability to recognize certain odors to avoid predators, seek food, and find mates. Innate odor preference is thought to be genetically hardwired. Here we report that acquisition of innate odor recognition requires spontaneous neural activity and is influenced by sensory experience during early postnatal development. Genetic silencing of mouse olfactory sensory neurons during the critical period has little impact on odor sensitivity, discrimination, and recognition later in life. However, it abolishes innate odor preference and alters the patterns of activation in brain centers. Exposure to innately recognized odors during the critical period abolishes the associated valence in adulthood in an odor-specific manner. The changes are associated with broadened projection of olfactory sensory neurons and expression of axon guidance molecules. Thus, a delicate balance of neural activity is needed during the critical period in establishing innate odor preference and convergent axon input is required to encode innate odor valence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Qiu
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
| | - Yunming Wu
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
| | - Limei Ma
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
| | - Max Hills
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
| | - Vivekanandan Ramalingam
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityUnited States
| | - C Ron Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityUnited States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityUnited States
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135
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Young CE, Tong Q. Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Signaling in the Bed Nuclei of the Stria Terminalis as a Link to Maladaptive Behaviors. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:642379. [PMID: 33867924 PMCID: PMC8044981 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.642379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The bed nuclei of the stria terminalis (BST) is a limbic region in the extended amygdala that is heavily implicated in anxiety processing and hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary (HPA) axis activation. The BST is complex, with many nuclei expressing different neurotransmitters and receptors involved in a variety of signaling pathways. One neurotransmitter that helps link its functions is corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH). BST CRH neuron activation may cause both anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects in rodents, and CRH neurons interact with other neuron types to influence anxiety-like responses as well as alcohol and drug–seeking behavior. This review covers the link between BST CRH neurons and thirteen other neurotransmitters and receptors and analyzes their effect on rodent behavior. Additionally, it covers the translational potential of targeting CRH signaling pathways for the treatment of human mental health disorders. Given the massive impact of anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders on our society, further research into BST CRH signaling is critical to alleviate the social and economic burdens of those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Emily Young
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qingchun Tong
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy of McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,MD Anderson Cancer Center & UTHealth Graduate School of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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136
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Kasten CR, Holmgren EB, Lerner MR, Wills TA. BNST specific mGlu5 receptor knockdown regulates sex-dependent expression of negative affect produced by adolescent ethanol exposure and adult stress. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:178. [PMID: 33731684 PMCID: PMC7969933 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent alcohol use is one of the strongest predictors for the development of an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Notably, this period of risk coincides with the development of affective disorders, which disproportionately impact and drive problematic drinking behavior in women. Stress is a particularly salient factor that drives relapse during periods of abstinence. Previous work in our lab has shown that adolescent intermittent ethanol vapor (AIE) produces sex-dependent changes in glutamatergic activity in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and behavioral outcomes following acute restraint stress in adulthood. In females, AIE disrupts group 1 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu1/5) receptor activity and enhances anhedonia-like behavior. The current study site-specifically knocked down mGlu5 receptors in the BNST of male and female Grm5loxp mice, exposed them to AIE, and observed the interaction of AIE and stress on negative affect-like behaviors in adulthood. These negative affect-like behaviors included the novelty-induced hypophagia task following acute restraint stress, open field activity, and contextual fear conditioning. Overall, we replicated our previous findings that AIE enhanced anhedonia-like activity in the novelty-induced hypophagia task in females and fear acquisition in males. The primary effect of BNST-mGlu5 receptor knockdown was that it independently enhanced anhedonia-like activity in females. Correlation analyses revealed that behavior in these paradigms showed poor interdependence. These results indicate that preclinical models of negative affective-like states encompass distinct features that may have independent, clinically relevant mechanisms. Further, modulating mGlu5 receptors is a prospective treatment target for females experiencing anhedonic-like states that make them susceptible to alcohol relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea R Kasten
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Eleanor B Holmgren
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mollie R Lerner
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tiffany A Wills
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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137
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Beyeler A, Ju A, Chagraoui A, Cuvelle L, Teixeira M, Di Giovanni G, De Deurwaerdère P. Multiple facets of serotonergic modulation. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:3-39. [PMID: 33785133 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The serotonergic system of the central nervous system (CNS) has been implicated in a broad range of physiological functions and behaviors, such as cognition, mood, social interaction, sexual behavior, feeding behavior, sleep-wake cycle and thermoregulation. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) establishes a plethora of interactions with neurochemical systems in the CNS via its numerous 5-HT receptors and autoreceptors. The facets of this control are multiple if we consider the molecular actors playing a role in the autoregulation of 5-HT neuron activity including the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2B, 5-HT7 receptors as well as the serotonin transporter. Moreover, extrinsic loops involving other neurotransmitters giving the other 5-HT receptors the possibility to impact 5-HT neuron activity. Grasping the complexity of these interactions is essential for the development of a variety of therapeutic strategies for cognitive defects and mood disorders. Presently we can illustrate the plurality of the mechanisms and only conceive that these 5-HT controls are likely not uniform in terms of regional and neuronal distribution. Our understanding of the specific expression patterns of these receptors on specific circuits and neuronal populations are progressing and will expand our comprehension of the function and interaction of these receptors with other chemical systems. Thus, the development of new approaches profiling the expression of 5-HT receptors and autoreceptors should reveal additional facets of the 5-HT controls of neurochemical systems in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Beyeler
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Anes Ju
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Lise Cuvelle
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maxime Teixeira
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
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138
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Norris AJ, Shaker JR, Cone AL, Ndiokho IB, Bruchas MR. Parabrachial opioidergic projections to preoptic hypothalamus mediate behavioral and physiological thermal defenses. eLife 2021; 10:60779. [PMID: 33667158 PMCID: PMC7935488 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining stable body temperature through environmental thermal stressors requires detection of temperature changes, relay of information, and coordination of physiological and behavioral responses. Studies have implicated areas in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA) and the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) as nodes in the thermosensory neural circuitry and indicate that the opioid system within the POA is vital in regulating body temperature. In the present study we identify neurons projecting to the POA from PBN expressing the opioid peptides dynorphin and enkephalin. Using mouse models, we determine that warm-activated PBN neuronal populations overlap with both prodynorphin (Pdyn) and proenkephalin (Penk) expressing PBN populations. Here we report that in the PBN Prodynorphin (Pdyn) and Proenkephalin (Penk) mRNA expressing neurons are partially overlapping subsets of a glutamatergic population expressing Solute carrier family 17 (Slc17a6) (VGLUT2). Using optogenetic approaches we selectively activate projections in the POA from PBN Pdyn, Penk, and VGLUT2 expressing neurons. Our findings demonstrate that Pdyn, Penk, and VGLUT2 expressing PBN neurons are critical for physiological and behavioral heat defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Norris
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Jordan R Shaker
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Aaron L Cone
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Imeh B Ndiokho
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain and Emotion, Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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139
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Qiu Q, Wu Y, Ma L, Yu CR. Encoding innately recognized odors via a generalized population code. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1813-1825.e4. [PMID: 33651991 PMCID: PMC8119320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Odors carrying intrinsic values often trigger instinctive aversive or attractive responses. It is not known how innate valence is encoded. An intuitive model suggests that the information is conveyed through specific channels in hardwired circuits along the olfactory pathway, insulated from influences of other odors, to trigger innate responses. Here, we show that in mice, mixing innately aversive or attractive odors with a neutral odor and, surprisingly, mixing two odors with the same valence, abolish the innate behavioral responses. Recordings from the olfactory bulb indicate that odors are not masked at the level of peripheral activation and glomeruli independently encode components in the mixture. In contrast, crosstalk among the mitral and tufted (M/T) cells changes their patterns of activity such that those elicited by the mixtures can no longer be linearly decoded as separate components. The changes in behavioral and M/T cell responses are associated with reduced activation of brain areas linked to odor preferences. Thus, crosstalk among odor channels at the earliest processing stage in the olfactory pathway leads to re-coding of odor identity to abolish valence associated with the odors. These results are inconsistent with insulated labeled lines and support a model of a common mechanism of odor recognition for both innate and learned valence associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Qiu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50(th) Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Yunming Wu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50(th) Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Limei Ma
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50(th) Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - C Ron Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50(th) Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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140
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Kim SR, Kim SY. Functional Dissection of Glutamatergic and GABAergic Neurons in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis. Mol Cells 2021; 44:63-67. [PMID: 33594012 PMCID: PMC7941005 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST)-a key part of the extended amygdala-has been implicated in the regulation of diverse behavioral states, ranging from anxiety and reward processing to feeding behavior. Among the host of distinct types of neurons within the BNST, recent investigations employing cell type- and projection-specific circuit dissection techniques (such as optogenetics, chemogenetics, deep-brain calcium imaging, and the genetic and viral methods for targeting specific types of cells) have highlighted the key roles of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons and their axonal projections. As anticipated from their primary roles in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, these studies established that the glutamatergic and GABAergic subpopulations of the BNST oppositely regulate diverse behavioral states. At the same time, these studies have also revealed unexpected functional specificity and heterogeneity within each subpopulation. In this Minireview, we introduce the body of studies that investigated the function of glutamatergic and GABAergic BNST neurons and their circuits. We also discuss unresolved questions and future directions for a more complete understanding of the cellular diversity and functional heterogeneity within the BNST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Rae Kim
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung-Yon Kim
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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141
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Kirouac GJ. The Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus as an Integrating and Relay Node in the Brain Anxiety Network. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:627633. [PMID: 33732118 PMCID: PMC7959748 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.627633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain anxiety network is composed of a number of interconnected cortical regions that detect threats and execute appropriate defensive responses via projections to the shell of the nucleus accumbens (NAcSh), dorsolateral region of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTDL) and lateral region of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeL). The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is anatomically positioned to integrate threat- and arousal-related signals from cortex and hypothalamus and then relay these signals to neural circuits in the NAcSh, BSTDL, and CeL that mediate defensive responses. This review describes the anatomical connections of the PVT that support the view that the PVT may be a critical node in the brain anxiety network. Experimental findings are reviewed showing that the arousal peptides orexins (hypocretins) act at the PVT to promote avoidance of potential threats especially following exposure of rats to a single episode of footshocks. Recent anatomical and experimental findings are discussed which show that neurons in the PVT provide divergent projections to subcortical regions that mediate defensive behaviors and that the projection to the NAcSh is critical for the enhanced social avoidance displayed in rats exposed to footshocks. A theoretical model is proposed for how the PVT integrates cortical and hypothalamic signals to modulate the behavioral responses associated with anxiety and other challenging situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert J. Kirouac
- Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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142
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Motivational competition and the paraventricular thalamus. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:193-207. [PMID: 33609570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although significant progress has been made in understanding the behavioral and brain mechanisms for motivational systems, much less is known about competition between motivational states or motivational conflict (e.g., approach - avoidance conflict). Despite being produced under diverse conditions, behavior during motivational competition has two signatures: bistability and metastability. These signatures reveal the operation of positive feedback mechanisms in behavioral selection. Different neuronal architectures can instantiate this selection to achieve bistability and metastability in behavior, but each relies on circuit-level inhibition to achieve rapid and stable selection between competing tendencies. Paraventricular thalamus (PVT) is identified as critical to this circuit level inhibition, resolving motivational competition via its extensive projections to local inhibitory networks in the ventral striatum and extended amygdala, enabling adaptive responding under motivational conflict.
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143
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Brockett AT, Vázquez D, Roesch MR. Prediction errors and valence: From single units to multidimensional encoding in the amygdala. Behav Brain Res 2021; 404:113176. [PMID: 33596433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The amygdala-one of the primary structures of the limbic system-is comprised of interconnected nuclei situated within the temporal lobe. It has a well-established role in the modulation of negative affective states, as well as in fear processing. However, its vast projections with diverse brain regions-ranging from the cortex to the brainstem-are suggestive of its more complex involvement in affective or motivational aspects of cognitive processing. The amygdala can play an invaluable role in context-dependent associative learning, unsigned prediction error learning, influencing outcome selection, and multidimensional encoding. In this review, we delve into the amygdala's role in associative learning and outcome selection, emphasizing its intrinsic involvement in the appropriate context-dependent modulation of motivated behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Brockett
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States.
| | - Daniela Vázquez
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
| | - Matthew R Roesch
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States; Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
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144
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Giardino WJ, Pomrenze MB. Extended Amygdala Neuropeptide Circuitry of Emotional Arousal: Waking Up on the Wrong Side of the Bed Nuclei of Stria Terminalis. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:613025. [PMID: 33633549 PMCID: PMC7900561 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.613025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is fundamental to life, and poor sleep quality is linked to the suboptimal function of the neural circuits that process and respond to emotional stimuli. Wakefulness ("arousal") is chiefly regulated by circadian and homeostatic forces, but affective mood states also strongly impact the balance between sleep and wake. Considering the bidirectional relationships between sleep/wake changes and emotional dynamics, we use the term "emotional arousal" as a representative characteristic of the profound overlap between brain pathways that: (1) modulate wakefulness; (2) interpret emotional information; and (3) calibrate motivated behaviors. Interestingly, many emotional arousal circuits communicate using specialized signaling molecules called neuropeptides to broadly modify neural network activities. One major neuropeptide-enriched brain region that is critical for emotional processing and has been recently implicated in sleep regulation is the bed nuclei of stria terminalis (BNST), a core component of the extended amygdala (an anatomical term that also includes the central and medial amygdalae, nucleus accumbens shell, and transition zones betwixt). The BNST encompasses an astonishing diversity of cell types that differ across many features including spatial organization, molecular signature, biological sex and hormonal milieu, synaptic input, axonal output, neurophysiological communication mode, and functional role. Given this tremendous complexity, comprehensive elucidation of the BNST neuropeptide circuit mechanisms underlying emotional arousal presents an ambitious set of challenges. In this review, we describe how rigorous investigation of these unresolved questions may reveal key insights to enhancing psychiatric treatments and global psychological wellbeing.
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145
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Luskin AT, Bhatti DL, Mulvey B, Pedersen CE, Girven KS, Oden-Brunson H, Kimbell K, Blackburn T, Sawyer A, Gereau RW, Dougherty JD, Bruchas MR. Extended amygdala-parabrachial circuits alter threat assessment and regulate feeding. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd3666. [PMID: 33637526 PMCID: PMC7909877 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd3666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
An animal's evolutionary success depends on the ability to seek and consume foods while avoiding environmental threats. However, how evolutionarily conserved threat detection circuits modulate feeding is unknown. In mammals, feeding and threat assessment are strongly influenced by the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), a structure that responds to threats and inhibits feeding. Here, we report that the PBN receives dense inputs from two discrete neuronal populations in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), an extended amygdala structure that encodes affective information. Using a series of complementary approaches, we identify opposing BNST-PBN circuits that modulate neuropeptide-expressing PBN neurons to control feeding and affective states. These previously unrecognized neural circuits thus serve as potential nodes of neural circuitry critical for the integration of threat information with the intrinsic drive to feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Luskin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dionnet L Bhatti
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bernard Mulvey
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christian E Pedersen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Kasey S Girven
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hannah Oden-Brunson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kate Kimbell
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Taylor Blackburn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Abbie Sawyer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Robert W Gereau
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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146
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Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase B Signaling Controls Excitability and Long-Term Depression in Oval Nucleus of the BNST. J Neurosci 2021; 41:435-445. [PMID: 33234610 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1104-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of proteins involved in synaptic plasticity is associated with pathologies in the CNS, including psychiatric disorders. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), a brain region of the extended amygdala circuit, has been identified as the critical hub responsible for fear responses related to stress coping and pathologic systems states. Here, we report that one particular nucleus, the oval nucleus of the BNST (ovBNST), is rich in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of neurons from male mouse ovBNST in vitro showed that the BDNF/TrkB interaction causes a hyperpolarizing shift of the membrane potential from resting value, mediated by an inwardly rectifying potassium current, resulting in reduced neuronal excitability in all major types of ovBNST neurons. Furthermore, BDNF/TrkB signaling mediated long-term depression (LTD) at postsynaptic sites in ovBNST neurons. LTD of ovBNST neurons was prevented by a BDNF scavenger or in the presence of TrkB inhibitors, indicating the contribution to LTD induction. Our data identify BDNF/TrkB signaling as a critical regulator of synaptic activity in ovBNST, which acts at postsynaptic sites to dampen excitability at short and long time scales. Given the central role of ovBNST in mediating maladaptive behaviors associated with stress exposure, our findings suggest a synaptic entry point of the BDNF/TrkB system for adaptation to stressful environmental encounters.
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147
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Somatostatin Neurons of the Bed Nucleus of Stria Terminalis Enhance Associative Fear Memory Consolidation in Mice. J Neurosci 2021; 41:1982-1995. [PMID: 33468566 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1944-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive fear learning and generalized, extinction-resistant fear memories are core symptoms of anxiety and trauma-related disorders. Despite significant evidence from clinical studies reporting hyperactivity of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) under these conditions, the role of BNST in fear learning and expression is still not clarified. Here, we tested how BNST modulates fear learning in male mice using a chemogenetic approach. Activation of GABAergic neurons of BNST during fear conditioning or memory consolidation resulted in enhanced cue-related fear recall. Importantly, BNST activation had no acute impact on fear expression during conditioning or recalls, but it enhanced cue-related fear recall subsequently, potentially via altered activity of downstream regions. Enhanced fear memory consolidation could be replicated by selectively activating somatostatin (SOM), but not corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), neurons of the BNST, which was accompanied by increased fear generalization. Our findings suggest the significant modulation of fear memory strength by specific circuits of the BNST.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) mediates different defensive behaviors, and its connections implicate its integrative modulatory role in fear memory formation; however, the involvement of BNST in fear learning has yet to be elucidated in detail. Our data highlight that BNST stimulation enhances fear memory formation without direct effects on fear expression. Our study identified somatostatin (SOM) cells within the extended amygdala as specific neurons promoting fear memory formation. These data underline the importance of anxiety circuits in maladaptive fear memory formation, indicating elevated BNST activity as a potential vulnerability factor to anxiety and trauma-related disorders.
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148
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Functional deletion of neuropeptide Y receptors type 2 in local synaptic networks of anteroventral BNST facilitates recall and increases return of fear. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2900-2911. [PMID: 32709995 PMCID: PMC8505243 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Return of previously extinguished fear memories presents a major hurdle in treatment of fear-related disorders. Neuropeptide Y receptors type 2 (Y2R) in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) seem to play a crucial role in modulation of remote fear memories. Here, we targeted Cre-channelrhodopsin-2 to defined subregions of BNST or central amygdala (CeA) in floxed Y2R mice (Y2lox/lox) for functional deletion of Y2R. We combined fear training and behavioral studies in vivo with optogenetic-electrophysiological analysis of BNST synaptic network activity ex vivo, in order to identify regional and cellular specificities of Y2R influence. Deletion of Y2R in the ventral section of anterior BNST (BNSTav) did not affect fear acquisition, but increased conditioned fear during recall and extinction learning, and aggravated remote fear return. By contrast, deletion of Y2R in the dorsal section of anterior BNST (BNSTad) or CeA did not influence acquisition, extinction or return of fear memories. Ex vivo optogenetic-electrophysiological analysis revealed Y2R-expressing local GABAergic inhibitory networks in BNST, both within (intraregional) and in-between (inter-regional) BNST subregions. Stimulation of Y2R resulted in a presynaptically mediated reduction of GABAergic responses, which did not differ between intraregional but predominantly affected inter-regional connections from BNSTav to BNSTad. Moreover, deletion of Y2R decreased the excitation/inhibition balance in BNSTav neurons, suggesting a regulatory influence of endogenous NPY via intraregional GABAergic microcircuits. This study reveals Y2R within local GABAergic networks in BNST as key elements in facilitating extinction and reducing return of remote fear memories, suggesting a potential avenue for translational purposes.
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149
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Organizational principles of amygdalar input-output neuronal circuits. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7118-7129. [PMID: 34400771 PMCID: PMC8873025 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The amygdala, one of the most studied brain structures, integrates brain-wide heterogeneous inputs and governs multidimensional outputs to control diverse behaviors central to survival, yet how amygdalar input-output neuronal circuits are organized remains unclear. Using a simplified cell-type- and projection-specific retrograde transsynaptic tracing technique, we scrutinized brain-wide afferent inputs of four major output neuronal groups in the amygdalar basolateral complex (BLA) that project to the bed nucleus of the stria terminals (BNST), ventral hippocampus (vHPC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), respectively. Brain-wide input-output quantitative analysis unveils that BLA efferent neurons receive a diverse array of afferents with varied input weights and predominant contextual representation. Notably, the afferents received by BNST-, vHPC-, mPFC- and NAc-projecting BLA neurons exhibit virtually identical origins and input weights. These results indicate that the organization of amygdalar BLA input-output neuronal circuits follows the input-dependent and output-independent principles, ideal for integrating brain-wide diverse afferent stimuli to control parallel efferent actions. The data provide the objective basis for improving the virtual reality exposure therapy for anxiety disorders and validate the simplified cell-type- and projection-specific retrograde transsynaptic tracing method.
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150
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Maita I, Bazer A, Blackford JU, Samuels BA. Functional anatomy of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis-hypothalamus neural circuitry: Implications for valence surveillance, addiction, feeding, and social behaviors. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:403-418. [PMID: 34225978 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a medial basal forebrain structure that modulates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The heterogeneous subnuclei of the BNST integrate inputs from mood and reward-related areas and send direct inhibitory projections to the hypothalamus. The connections between the BNST and hypothalamus are conserved across species, promote activation of the HPA axis, and can increase avoidance of aversive environments, which is historically associated with anxiety behaviors. However, BNST-hypothalamus circuitry is also implicated in motivated behaviors, drug seeking, feeding, and sexual behavior. These complex and diverse roles, as well its sexual dimorphism, indicate that the BNST-hypothalamus circuitry is an essential component of the neural circuitry that may underlie various psychiatric diseases, ranging from anorexia to anxiety to addiction. The following review is a cross-species exploration of BNST-hypothalamus circuitry. First, we describe the BNST subnuclei, microcircuitry and complex reciprocal connections with the hypothalamus. We will then discuss the behavioral functions of BNST-hypothalamus circuitry, including valence surveillance, addiction, feeding, and social behavior. Finally, we will address sex differences in morphology and function of the BNST and hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Maita
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Allyson Bazer
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Research Health Scientist, Tennessee Valley HealthCare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, United States
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