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Abstract
Until recently, advances in understanding the genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders have been impeded by a historic, and often mandated, commitment to the use of traditional, and unvalidated, categorical diagnoses in isolation as the relevant phenotype. Such studies typically required lengthy structured interviews to delineate differences in the character and duration of behavioral symptomatology amongst disorders that were thought to be etiologic, and they were often underpowered as a result. Increasing acceptance of the fact that co-morbidity in psychiatric disorders is the rule rather than the exception has led to alternative designs in which shared dimensional symptomatology is analyzed as a quantitative trait and to association analyses in which combined polygenic risk scores are computationally compared across multiple traditional categorical diagnoses to identify both distinct and unique genetic and environmental elements. Increasing evidence that most mental disorders share many common genetic risk variants and environmental risk modifiers suggests that the broad spectrum of psychiatric pathology represents the pleiotropic display of a more limited series of pathologic events in neuronal development than was originally believed, regulated by many common risk variants and a smaller number of rare ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tova Fuller
- Deptartment of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor Reus
- Deptartment of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
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102
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Prevalence of Non-Affective Psychoses in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091304. [PMID: 31450601 PMCID: PMC6780908 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and non-affective psychoses such as schizophrenia are commonly acknowledged as discrete entities. Previous research has revealed evidence of high comorbidity between these conditions, but their differential diagnosis proves difficult in routine clinical practice due to the similarities between core symptoms of each disorder. The prevalence of comorbid non-affective psychoses in individuals with ASD is uncertain, with studies reporting rates ranging from 0% to 61.5%. We therefore performed a systematic review and pooled analysis of the available studies reporting the prevalence of non-affective psychosis in ASD. Fourteen studies, including a total of 1708 participants, were included, with a weighted pooled prevalence assessed at 9.5% (95% CI 2.6 to 16.0). In view of significant heterogeneity amongst the studies, subgroup analyses were conducted. We observed higher prevalence of non-affective psychoses among ASD inpatients versus outpatients, when operationalised criteria were used, and in studies with smaller sample sizes, whereas the figures were comparable between children and adults with ASD. Our results suggest that future studies involving larger samples should implement both operationalized criteria and specific scales for the assessment of psychotic symptoms in individuals with ASD. A deeper understanding of both differential and comorbid features of ASD and non-affective psychosis will be required for the development of optimized clinical management protocols.
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Kizner V, Naujock M, Fischer S, Jäger S, Reich S, Schlotthauer I, Zuckschwerdt K, Geiger T, Hildebrandt T, Lawless N, Macartney T, Dorner-Ciossek C, Gillardon F. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Knockout of the Neuropsychiatric Risk Gene KCTD13 Causes Developmental Deficits in Human Cortical Neurons Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:616-634. [PMID: 31402430 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human KCTD13 gene is located within the 16p11.2 locus and copy number variants of this locus are associated with a high risk for neuropsychiatric diseases including autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Studies in zebrafish point to a role of KCTD13 in proliferation of neural precursor cells which may contribute to macrocephaly in 16p11.2 deletion carriers. KCTD13 is highly expressed in the fetal human brain and in mouse cortical neurons, but its contribution to the development and function of mammalian neurons is not completely understood. In the present study, we deleted the KCTD13 gene in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using CRISPR/Cas9 nickase. Following neural differentiation of KCTD13 deficient and isogenic control iPSC lines, we detected a moderate but significant inhibition of DNA synthesis and proliferation in KCTD13 deficient human neural precursor cells. KCTD13 deficient cortical neurons derived from iPSCs showed decreased neurite formation and reduced spontaneous network activity. RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis pointed to a role for ERBB signaling in these phenotypic changes. Consistently, activating and inhibiting ERBB kinases rescued and aggravated, respectively, impaired neurite formation. In contrast to findings in non-neuronal human HeLa cells, we did not detect an accumulation of the putative KCTD13/Cullin-3 substrate RhoA, and treatment with inhibitors of RhoA signaling did not rescue decreased neurite formation in human KCTD13 knockout neurons. Taken together, our data provide insight into the role of KCTD13 in neurodevelopmental disorders, and point to ERBB signaling as a potential target for neuropsychiatric disorders associated with KCTD13 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Kizner
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Maximilian Naujock
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Sandra Fischer
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Stefan Jäger
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Selina Reich
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Ines Schlotthauer
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Kai Zuckschwerdt
- Target Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Tobias Geiger
- Cardio-metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Tobias Hildebrandt
- Target Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Nathan Lawless
- Target Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Thomas Macartney
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Cornelia Dorner-Ciossek
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Frank Gillardon
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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104
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Moslem M, Olive J, Falk A. Stem cell models of schizophrenia, what have we learned and what is the potential? Schizophr Res 2019; 210:3-12. [PMID: 30587427 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex disorder with clinical manifestations in early adulthood. However, it may start with disruption of brain development caused by genetic or environmental factors, or both. Early deteriorating effects of genetic/environmental factors on neural development might be key to described disease causing mechanisms. Establishing cellular models with cells from affected individual using the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) technology could be used to mimic early neurodevelopment alterations caused by risk genes or environmental stressors. Indeed, cellular models have allowed identification and further study of risk factors and the biological pathways in which they are involved. New advancements in differentiation methods such as defined and robust monolayer protocols and cerebral 3D organoids have made it possible to faithfully mimic neural development and neuronal functionality while CRISPR-editing tools assist to engineer isogenic cell lines to precisely explore genetic variation in polygenic diseases such as schizophrenia. Here we review the current field of iPSC models of schizophrenia and how risk factors can be modelled as well as discussing the common biological pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Moslem
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jessica Olive
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Anna Falk
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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105
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Charney AW, Stahl EA, Green EK, Chen CY, Moran JL, Chambert K, Belliveau RA, Forty L, Gordon-Smith K, Lee PH, Bromet EJ, Buckley PF, Escamilla MA, Fanous AH, Fochtmann LJ, Lehrer DS, Malaspina D, Marder SR, Morley CP, Nicolini H, Perkins DO, Rakofsky JJ, Rapaport MH, Medeiros H, Sobell JL, Backlund L, Bergen SE, Juréus A, Schalling M, Lichtenstein P, Knowles JA, Burdick KE, Jones I, Jones LA, Hultman CM, Perlis R, Purcell SM, McCarroll SA, Pato CN, Pato MT, Di Florio A, Craddock N, Landén M, Smoller JW, Ruderfer DM, Sklar P. Contribution of Rare Copy Number Variants to Bipolar Disorder Risk Is Limited to Schizoaffective Cases. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:110-119. [PMID: 30686506 PMCID: PMC6586545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic risk for bipolar disorder (BD) is conferred through many common alleles, while a role for rare copy number variants (CNVs) is less clear. Subtypes of BD including schizoaffective disorder bipolar type (SAB), bipolar I disorder (BD I), and bipolar II disorder (BD II) differ according to the prominence and timing of psychosis, mania, and depression. The genetic factors contributing to the combination of symptoms among these subtypes are poorly understood. METHODS Rare large CNVs were analyzed in 6353 BD cases (3833 BD I [2676 with psychosis, 850 without psychosis, and 307 with unknown psychosis history], 1436 BD II, 579 SAB, and 505 BD not otherwise specified) and 8656 controls. CNV burden and a polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia were used to evaluate the relative contributions of rare and common variants to risk of BD, BD subtypes, and psychosis. RESULTS CNV burden did not differ between BD and controls when treated as a single diagnostic entity. However, burden in SAB was increased relative to controls (p = .001), BD I (p = .0003), and BD II (p = .0007). Burden and schizophrenia PRSs were increased in SAB compared with BD I with psychosis (CNV p = .0007, PRS p = .004), and BD I without psychosis (CNV p = .0004, PRS p = 3.9 × 10-5). Within BD I, psychosis was associated with increased schizophrenia PRSs (p = .005) but not CNV burden. CONCLUSIONS CNV burden in BD is limited to SAB. Rare and common genetic variants may contribute differently to risk for psychosis and perhaps other classes of psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Charney
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Neurosurgery, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, New York.
| | - Eli A Stahl
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, New York
| | - Elaine K Green
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Portland Square, Plymouth, UK
| | - Chia-Yen Chen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer L Moran
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimberly Chambert
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Richard A Belliveau
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Liz Forty
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Phil H Lee
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Evelyn J Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Peter F Buckley
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Psychiatry, Georgia Regents University Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Michael A Escamilla
- Center of Excellence in Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Ayman H Fanous
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Laura J Fochtmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | | | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Stephen R Marder
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher P Morley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; Department of Family Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Center for Genomic Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Psychiatry, Carracci Medical Group, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey J Rakofsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark H Rapaport
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Helena Medeiros
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Janet L Sobell
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lena Backlund
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah E Bergen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Juréus
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James A Knowles
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ian Jones
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lisa A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christina M Hultman
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roy Perlis
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shaun M Purcell
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven A McCarroll
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carlos N Pato
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Michele T Pato
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ariana Di Florio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nick Craddock
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas M Ruderfer
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Departments of Medicine, Biomedical Informatics, and Psychiatry, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, New York
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106
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Teng X, Aouacheria A, Lionnard L, Metz KA, Soane L, Kamiya A, Hardwick JM. KCTD: A new gene family involved in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:887-902. [PMID: 31197948 PMCID: PMC6566181 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying molecular basis for neurodevelopmental or neuropsychiatric disorders is not known. In contrast, mechanistic understanding of other brain disorders including neurodegeneration has advanced considerably. Yet, these do not approach the knowledge accrued for many cancers with precision therapeutics acting on well-characterized targets. Although the identification of genes responsible for neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders remains a major obstacle, the few causally associated genes are ripe for discovery by focusing efforts to dissect their mechanisms. Here, we make a case for delving into mechanisms of the poorly characterized human KCTD gene family. Varying levels of evidence support their roles in neurocognitive disorders (KCTD3), neurodevelopmental disease (KCTD7), bipolar disorder (KCTD12), autism and schizophrenia (KCTD13), movement disorders (KCTD17), cancer (KCTD11), and obesity (KCTD15). Collective knowledge about these genes adds enhanced value, and critical insights into potential disease mechanisms have come from unexpected sources. Translation of basic research on the KCTD-related yeast protein Whi2 has revealed roles in nutrient signaling to mTORC1 (KCTD11) and an autophagy-lysosome pathway affecting mitochondria (KCTD7). Recent biochemical and structure-based studies (KCTD12, KCTD13, KCTD16) reveal mechanisms of regulating membrane channel activities through modulation of distinct GTPases. We explore how these seemingly varied functions may be disease related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Abdel Aouacheria
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRDUniversité de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Loïc Lionnard
- ISEM, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRDUniversité de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Kyle A. Metz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMaryland
- Present address:
Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoUSA
| | - Lucian Soane
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
| | - J. Marie Hardwick
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMaryland
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107
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Prata DP, Costa-Neves B, Cosme G, Vassos E. Unravelling the genetic basis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with GWAS: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 114:178-207. [PMID: 31096178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review findings of GWAS in schizophrenia (SZ) and in bipolar disorder (BD); and to interpret findings, with a focus on identifying independent replications. METHOD PubMed search, selection and review of all independent GWAS in SZ or BD, published since March 2011, i.e. studies using non-overlapping samples within each article, between articles, and with those of the previous review (Li et al., 2012). RESULTS From the 22 GWAS included in this review, the genetic associations surviving standard GWAS-significance were for genetic markers in the regions of ACSL3/KCNE4, ADCY2, AMBRA1, ANK3, BRP44, DTL, FBLN1, HHAT, INTS7, LOC392301, LOC645434/NMBR, LOC729457, LRRFIP1, LSM1, MDM1, MHC, MIR2113/POU3F2, NDST3, NKAPL, ODZ4, PGBD1, RENBP, TRANK1, TSPAN18, TWIST2, UGT1A1/HJURP, WHSC1L1/FGFR1 and ZKSCAN4. All genes implicated across both reviews are discussed in terms of their function and implication in neuropsychiatry. CONCLUSION Taking all GWAS to date into account, AMBRA1, ANK3, ARNTL, CDH13, EFHD1 (albeit with different alleles), MHC, PLXNA2 and UGT1A1 have been implicated in either disorder in at least two reportedly non-overlapping samples. Additionally, evidence for a SZ/BD common genetic basis is most strongly supported by the implication of ANK3, NDST3, and PLXNA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P Prata
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, UK; Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Bernardo Costa-Neves
- Lisbon Medical School, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Av. do Brasil, 53 1749-002, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Cosme
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, UK
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108
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Al‐Jawahiri R, Jones M, Milne E. Atypical neural variability in carriers of 16p11.2 copy number variants. Autism Res 2019; 12:1322-1333. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Myles Jones
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Elizabeth Milne
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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109
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Analysis of a Protein Network Related to Copy Number Variations in Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:140-149. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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110
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Talebizadeh Z, Shah A, DiTacchio L. The potential role of a retrotransposed gene and a long noncoding RNA in regulating an X-linked chromatin gene (KDM5C): Novel epigenetic mechanism in autism. Autism Res 2019; 12:1007-1021. [PMID: 31087518 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports the potential role of the circadian system and chromatin remodeling genes in autism. Considering the heterogeneity and gender discrepancy in autism, and the complex nature of the epigenetic landscape, identification of biologically relevant epigenetic factors requires reducing heterogeneity using proper subtyping. For this study, we used X chromosome inactivation (XCI) status in females with autism as an epigenetic marker for subtyping and examined the expression level of members of KDM5, a chromatin remodeling gene family. KDM5 are histone demethylases involved in the circadian molecular machinery. We used human blood samples to characterize alternatively spliced KDM5 isoforms and noticed that KDM5C undergoes a complex splicing process. We also identified a KDM5C isoform (KDM5C-3'UTR-lncRNA) containing a novel 3'UTR originated from a retrotransposed gene (retro-SUV39H2) of an autosomal methyltransferase (SUV39H2). This 3'UTR shows 84% sequence homology with long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and is located 32 kb downstream of KDM5C. The KDM5C-3'UTR-lncRNA isoform was differentially expressed in autistic females with XCI skewness compared with controls. KDM5C plays a crucial role in balancing histone H3K4 methylation states. The identified retro-SUV39H2 originated lncRNA also shows H3K4 marks. By assessing the expression level of alternatively spliced Kdm5 isoforms at different circadian time-points, we showed that some isoforms follow a circadian oscillation pattern in wild type mouse brain.This study provides the first evidence and a suggestive model for the potential role of retrotransposed elements in autism through linking methylases and demethylases, two functionally complementary components of chromatin remodeling, which may collectively contribute to disease etiology through lncRNAs. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1007-1021. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Genes do not function in isolated conditions and their proper expression level also depends on a mechanism called gene regulation. An example of gene regulation is when changes outside DNA sequences influence the function of autism susceptibility genes. Alternative splicing is one type of gene regulation, which produces several versions of a gene (called variants) that may slightly differ from each other and be expressed at different levels in response to environmental changes. The circadian clock is an essential timing mechanism that enables organisms to maintain internal processes in sync with the dynamic environment brought about by the day-night cycle. The goal of this study was to assess if a subset of females with autism with certain genetic marker had a unique pattern of alternative splicing of three circadian genes. We identified a novel variant that is differentially expressed in this subset. Our study provides a novel subject stratification strategy, and a suggestive model of how biologically relevant components of a gene regulatory process may be linked and, possibly, collectively contribute to the etiology of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Talebizadeh
- Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ayten Shah
- Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
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111
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Arbogast T, Razaz P, Ellegood J, McKinstry SU, Erdin S, Currall B, Aneichyk T, Lerch JP, Qiu LR, Rodriguiz RM, Henkelman RM, Talkowski ME, Wetsel WC, Golzio C, Katsanis N. Kctd13-deficient mice display short-term memory impairment and sex-dependent genetic interactions. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:1474-1486. [PMID: 30590535 PMCID: PMC6489413 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 deletion and duplication syndromes are associated with a complex spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes that includes developmental delay and autism spectrum disorder, with a reciprocal effect on head circumference, brain structure and body mass index. Mouse models of the 16p11.2 copy number variant have recapitulated some of the patient phenotypes, while studies in flies and zebrafish have uncovered several candidate contributory genes within the region, as well as complex genetic interactions. We evaluated one of these loci, KCTD13, by modeling haploinsufficiency and complete knockout in mice. In contrast to the zebrafish model, and in agreement with recent data, we found normal brain structure in heterozygous and homozygous mutants. However, recapitulating previously observed genetic interactions, we discovered sex-specific brain volumetric alterations in double heterozygous Kctd13xMvp and Kctd13xLat mice. Behavioral testing revealed a significant deficit in novel object recognition, novel location recognition and social transmission of food preference in Kctd13 mutants. These phenotypes were concomitant with a reduction in density of mature spines in the hippocampus, but potentially independent of RhoA abundance, which was unperturbed postnatally in our mutants. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses from cortex and hippocampus highlighted the dysregulation of pathways important in neurodevelopment, the most significant of which was synaptic formation. Together, these data suggest that KCTD13 contributes to the neurocognitive aspects of patients with the BP4-BP5 deletion, likely through genetic interactions with other loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Arbogast
- Center for Human Disease Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Parisa Razaz
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Center, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Spencer U McKinstry
- Center for Human Disease Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Serkan Erdin
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Currall
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tanya Aneichyk
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Center, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lily R Qiu
- Mouse Imaging Center, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ramona M Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R M Henkelman
- Mouse Imaging Center, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William C Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Departments of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christelle Golzio
- UMR 7104/INSERM U1258 and Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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112
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Han MR, Han KM, Kim A, Kang W, Kang Y, Kang J, Won E, Tae WS, Cho Y, Ham BJ. Whole-exome sequencing identifies variants associated with structural MRI markers in patients with bipolar disorders. J Affect Disord 2019; 249:159-168. [PMID: 30772743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most heritable psychiatric disorders. A growing number of whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies for BD has been performed, however, no research has examined the association between single nucleotide variants (SNVs) from WES and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. METHODS We sequenced whole-exomes in 53 patients with BD and 82 healthy control participants at an initial discovery stage and investigated the impacts of SNVs in risk genes from WES analysis on the cortical gray-matter thickness and integrity of white matter tracts and in the following stage. Cortical thickness and white matter integrity were investigated using the FreeSurfer and TRACULA (Tracts Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy). RESULTS We identified 122 BD-related genes including KMT2C, AHNAK, CDH23, DCHS1, FRAS1, MACF1 and RYR3 and observed 27 recurrent copy number alteration regions including gain on 8p23.1 and loss on 15q11.1 - q11.2. Among them, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4639425 in KMT2C gene, which regulates histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation involved in chromatin remodeling, was associated with widespread alterations of white matter integrity including the cingulum, uncinate fasciculus, cortico-spinal tract, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. LIMITATION The small sample size of patients with BD in the genome data may cause our study to be underpowered when searching for putative rare mutations. CONCLUSION This study first combined a WES approach and neuroimaging findings in psychiatric disorders. We postulate the rs4639425 may be associated with BD-related microstructural changes of white matter tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ryung Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youbin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June Kang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjung Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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113
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Posey JE, O'Donnell-Luria AH, Chong JX, Harel T, Jhangiani SN, Coban Akdemir ZH, Buyske S, Pehlivan D, Carvalho CMB, Baxter S, Sobreira N, Liu P, Wu N, Rosenfeld JA, Kumar S, Avramopoulos D, White JJ, Doheny KF, Witmer PD, Boehm C, Sutton VR, Muzny DM, Boerwinkle E, Günel M, Nickerson DA, Mane S, MacArthur DG, Gibbs RA, Hamosh A, Lifton RP, Matise TC, Rehm HL, Gerstein M, Bamshad MJ, Valle D, Lupski JR. Insights into genetics, human biology and disease gleaned from family based genomic studies. Genet Med 2019; 21:798-812. [PMID: 30655598 PMCID: PMC6691975 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying genes and variants contributing to rare disease phenotypes and Mendelian conditions informs biology and medicine, yet potential phenotypic consequences for variation of >75% of the ~20,000 annotated genes in the human genome are lacking. Technical advances to assess rare variation genome-wide, particularly exome sequencing (ES), enabled establishment in the United States of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-supported Centers for Mendelian Genomics (CMGs) and have facilitated collaborative studies resulting in novel "disease gene" discoveries. Pedigree-based genomic studies and rare variant analyses in families with suspected Mendelian conditions have led to the elucidation of hundreds of novel disease genes and highlighted the impact of de novo mutational events, somatic variation underlying nononcologic traits, incompletely penetrant alleles, phenotypes with high locus heterogeneity, and multilocus pathogenic variation. Herein, we highlight CMG collaborative discoveries that have contributed to understanding both rare and common diseases and discuss opportunities for future discovery in single-locus Mendelian disorder genomics. Phenotypic annotation of all human genes; development of bioinformatic tools and analytic methods; exploration of non-Mendelian modes of inheritance including reduced penetrance, multilocus variation, and oligogenic inheritance; construction of allelic series at a locus; enhanced data sharing worldwide; and integration with clinical genomics are explored. Realizing the full contribution of rare disease research to functional annotation of the human genome, and further illuminating human biology and health, will lay the foundation for the Precision Medicine Initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Anne H O'Donnell-Luria
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica X Chong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tamar Harel
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zeynep H Coban Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven Buyske
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Statistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samantha Baxter
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nara Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratory, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sushant Kumar
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dimitri Avramopoulos
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janson J White
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly F Doheny
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Dane Witmer
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Corinne Boehm
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Murat Günel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Shrikant Mane
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ada Hamosh
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tara C Matise
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Heidi L Rehm
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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114
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Kun-Rodrigues C, Orme T, Carmona S, Hernandez DG, Ross OA, Eicher JD, Shepherd C, Parkkinen L, Darwent L, Heckman MG, Scholz SW, Troncoso JC, Pletnikova O, Dawson T, Rosenthal L, Ansorge O, Clarimon J, Lleo A, Morenas-Rodriguez E, Clark L, Honig LS, Marder K, Lemstra A, Rogaeva E, St George-Hyslop P, Londos E, Zetterberg H, Barber I, Braae A, Brown K, Morgan K, Troakes C, Al-Sarraj S, Lashley T, Holton J, Compta Y, Van Deerlin V, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Lesage S, Galasko D, Masliah E, Santana I, Pastor P, Diez-Fairen M, Aguilar M, Tienari PJ, Myllykangas L, Oinas M, Revesz T, Lees A, Boeve BF, Petersen RC, Ferman TJ, Escott-Price V, Graff-Radford N, Cairns NJ, Morris JC, Pickering-Brown S, Mann D, Halliday GM, Hardy J, Trojanowski JQ, Dickson DW, Singleton A, Stone DJ, Guerreiro R, Bras J. A comprehensive screening of copy number variability in dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 75:223.e1-223.e10. [PMID: 30448004 PMCID: PMC6541211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of genetic variability in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is now indisputable; however, data regarding copy number variation (CNV) in this disease has been lacking. Here, we used whole-genome genotyping of 1454 DLB cases and 1525 controls to assess copy number variability. We used 2 algorithms to confidently detect CNVs, performed a case-control association analysis, screened for candidate CNVs previously associated with DLB-related diseases, and performed a candidate gene approach to fully explore the data. We identified 5 CNV regions with a significant genome-wide association to DLB; 2 of these were only present in cases and absent from publicly available databases: one of the regions overlapped LAPTM4B, a known lysosomal protein, whereas the other overlapped the NME1 locus and SPAG9. We also identified DLB cases presenting rare CNVs in genes previously associated with DLB or related neurodegenerative diseases, such as SNCA, APP, and MAPT. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting genome-wide CNVs in a large DLB cohort. These results provide preliminary evidence for the contribution of CNVs in DLB risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Kun-Rodrigues
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Tatiana Orme
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI) at UCL, London, UK
| | - Susana Carmona
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI) at UCL, London, UK
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tubingen, Germany
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - John D Eicher
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claire Shepherd
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laura Parkkinen
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Parkinsons Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee Darwent
- UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI) at UCL, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ted Dawson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liana Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford Parkinsons Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleo
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estrella Morenas-Rodriguez
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorraine Clark
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence S Honig
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Marder
- Taub Institute for Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Afina Lemstra
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisabet Londos
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Institution of Clinical Sciences Malmo, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London UK, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK and Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Molndal, Sweden
| | - Imelda Barber
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anne Braae
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kristelle Brown
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Janice Holton
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Yaroslau Compta
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Clinical Neuroscience Institute (ICN), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vivianna Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | - Suzanne Lesage
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universites, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle epiniere, Paris, France
| | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Isabel Santana
- Neurology Service, University of Coimbra Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pau Pastor
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, and Fundacio de Docencia I Recerca Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Neurdegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, and Fundacio de Docencia I Recerca Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Neurdegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Aguilar
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, and Fundacio de Docencia I Recerca Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Neurdegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pentti J Tienari
- Molecular Neurology, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Myllykangas
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Oinas
- Department of Neuropathology and Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Andrew Lees
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Brad F Boeve
- Neurology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Tanis J Ferman
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Nigel J Cairns
- Knight Alzheimers Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimers Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stuart Pickering-Brown
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Mann
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia and School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David J Stone
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Merck and Co, West Point, PA, USA
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI) at UCL, London, UK; Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI) at UCL, London, UK; Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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115
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Roeben B, Blum D, Gabriel H, Synofzik M. Atypical parkinsonism with severely reduced striatal dopamine uptake associated with a 16p11.2 duplication syndrome. J Neurol 2019; 266:775-776. [PMID: 30617906 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Roeben
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Blum
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heinz Gabriel
- CeGaT GmbH/Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 23, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.
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116
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The effect of copy number variations in chromosome 16p on body weight in patients with intellectual disability. J Hum Genet 2018; 64:221-231. [PMID: 30518945 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-018-0545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Syndromic monogenic obesity is a rare and severe early-onset form of obesity. It is characterized by intellectual disability, congenital malformations, and/or dysmorphic facies. The diagnosis of patients is challenging due to the genetic heterogenicity of this condition. However, the use of microarray technology in combination with public databases has been successful on genotype-phenotype correlations, especially for body mass index (BMI) alteration. In this study, the relationship between copy number variations (CNVs) detected by microarray mapping on 16p region and BMI alterations in syndromic patients were assessed. In order to achieve this goal, 680 unrelated Spanish children with intellectual disability were included. 16p region was characterized by using microarray platforms. All detected variants were classified as: (I) one previously non-described 10-Mb duplication in 16p13.2p12.3 region considered causal of intellectual disability and severe overweight, and (II) eleven 16p11.2 CNVs of low prevalence but with recurrence in syndromic patients with severe BMI alteration (nine proximal and two distal). Proximal 16p11.2 CNVs have a dose-dependent effect: underweight in carriers of duplication and obesity in carriers of deletion. KCTD13 was identified as a possible candidate gene for BMI alteration on proximal syndromes, whereas SH2B1 gene was identified as candidate for distal syndromes. The results shown in this paper suggest that syndromic patients could constitute a reliable model to evaluate hypothalamic satiety and obesity disorders as well as generate a wide expectation for primary prevention of comorbidities. Furthermore, 16p13.2p12.3 showed to be an important region on the regulation of body fatness.
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117
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Fernandez BA, Scherer SW. Syndromic autism spectrum disorders: moving from a clinically defined to a molecularly defined approach. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 29398931 PMCID: PMC5789213 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2017.19.4/sscherer] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a group of neurodevelopmental conditions diagnosed solely on the basis of behavioral assessments that reveal social deficits. Progress has been made in understanding its genetic underpinnings, but most ASD-associated genetic variants, which include copy number variants (CNVs) and mutations in ASD-risk genes, account for no more than 1 % of ASD cases. This high level of genetic heterogeneity leads to challenges obtaining and interpreting genetic testing in clinical settings. The traditional definition of syndromic ASD is a disorder with a clinically defined pattern of somatic abnormalities and a neurobehavioral phenotype that may include ASD. Most have a known genetic cause. Examples include fragile X syndrome and tuberous sclerosis complex. We propose dividing syndromic autism into the following two groups: (i) ASD that occurs in the context of a clinically defined syndrome-recognizing these disorders depends on the familiarity of the clinician with the features of the syndrome, and the diagnosis is typically confirmed by targeted genetic testing (eg, mutation screening of FMR1); (ii) ASD that occurs as a feature of a molecularly defined syndrome-for this group of patients, ASD-associated variants are identified by genome-wide testing that is not hypothesis driven (eg, microarray, whole exome sequencing). These ASD groups cannot be easily clinically defined because patients with a given variant have variable somatic abnormalities (dysmorphism and birth defects). In this article, we review common diagnoses from the above categories and suggest a testing strategy for patients, guided by determining whether the individual has essential or complex ASD; patients in the latter group have multiple morphologic anomalies on physical examination. Finally, we recommend that the syndromic versus nonsyndromic designation ultimately be replaced by classification of ASD according to its genetic etiology, which will inform about the associated spectrum and penetrance of neurobehavioral and somatic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Fernandez
- Disciplines of Genetics and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Center for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; McLaughlin Center and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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118
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Paula-Pérez I. Convergencias y divergencias genéticas, neurobiológicas y ambientales entre el autismo y el espectro de la esquizofrenia. ANUARIO DE PSICOLOGÍA 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpsic.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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119
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Pasman JA, Verweij KJH, Gerring Z, Stringer S, Sanchez-Roige S, Treur JL, Abdellaoui A, Nivard MG, Baselmans BML, Ong JS, Ip HF, van der Zee MD, Bartels M, Day FR, Fontanillas P, Elson SL, de Wit H, Davis LK, MacKillop J, Derringer JL, Branje SJT, Hartman CA, Heath AC, van Lier PAC, Madden PAF, Mägi R, Meeus W, Montgomery GW, Oldehinkel AJ, Pausova Z, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Paus T, Ribases M, Kaprio J, Boks MPM, Bell JT, Spector TD, Gelernter J, Boomsma DI, Martin NG, MacGregor S, Perry JRB, Palmer AA, Posthuma D, Munafò MR, Gillespie NA, Derks EM, Vink JM. GWAS of lifetime cannabis use reveals new risk loci, genetic overlap with psychiatric traits, and a causal influence of schizophrenia. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:1161-1170. [PMID: 30150663 PMCID: PMC6386176 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis use is a heritable trait that has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes. In the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) for lifetime cannabis use to date (N = 184,765), we identified eight genome-wide significant independent single nucleotide polymorphisms in six regions. All measured genetic variants combined explained 11% of the variance. Gene-based tests revealed 35 significant genes in 16 regions, and S-PrediXcan analyses showed that 21 genes had different expression levels for cannabis users versus nonusers. The strongest finding across the different analyses was CADM2, which has been associated with substance use and risk-taking. Significant genetic correlations were found with 14 of 25 tested substance use and mental health-related traits, including smoking, alcohol use, schizophrenia and risk-taking. Mendelian randomization analysis showed evidence for a causal positive influence of schizophrenia risk on cannabis use. Overall, our study provides new insights into the etiology of cannabis use and its relation with mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle A Pasman
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin J H Verweij
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zachary Gerring
- Genetic Epidemiology, Statistical Genetics, and Translational Neurogenomics Laboratories, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sven Stringer
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jorien L Treur
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel G Nivard
- Department of Biological Psychology/Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart M L Baselmans
- Department of Biological Psychology/Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jue-Sheng Ong
- Genetic Epidemiology, Statistical Genetics, and Translational Neurogenomics Laboratories, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hill F Ip
- Department of Biological Psychology/Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs D van der Zee
- Department of Biological Psychology/Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology/Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix R Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Harriet de Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lea K Davis
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research and Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaime L Derringer
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Susan J T Branje
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pol A C van Lier
- Department of Developmental Psychology and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Wim Meeus
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - A J Oldehinkel
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Josep A Ramos-Quiroga
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomas Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marta Ribases
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marco P M Boks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jordana T Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology/Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, Statistical Genetics, and Translational Neurogenomics Laboratories, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Genetic Epidemiology, Statistical Genetics, and Translational Neurogenomics Laboratories, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Genetic Epidemiology, Statistical Genetics, and Translational Neurogenomics Laboratories, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Eske M Derks
- Genetic Epidemiology, Statistical Genetics, and Translational Neurogenomics Laboratories, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Sakai C, Ijaz S, Hoffman EJ. Zebrafish Models of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Past, Present, and Future. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:294. [PMID: 30210288 PMCID: PMC6123572 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish are increasingly being utilized as a model system to investigate the function of the growing list of risk genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. This is due in large part to the unique features of zebrafish that make them an optimal system for this purpose, including rapid, external development of transparent embryos, which enable the direct visualization of the developing nervous system during early stages, large progenies, which provide considerable tractability for performing high-throughput pharmacological screens to identify small molecule suppressors of simple behavioral phenotypes, and ease of genetic manipulation, which has been greatly facilitated by the advent of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technologies. This review article focuses on studies that have harnessed these advantages of the zebrafish system for the functional analysis of genes that are strongly associated with the following neurodevelopmental disorders: autism spectrum disorders (ASD), epilepsy, intellectual disability (ID) and schizophrenia. We focus primarily on studies describing early morphological and behavioral phenotypes during embryonic and larval stages resulting from loss of risk gene function. We highlight insights into basic mechanisms of risk gene function gained from these studies as well as limitations of studies to date. Finally, we discuss advances in in vivo neural circuit imaging in zebrafish, which promise to transform research using the zebrafish model by illuminating novel circuit-level mechanisms with relevance to neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Sakai
- Child Study Center, Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sundas Ijaz
- Child Study Center, Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ellen J Hoffman
- Child Study Center, Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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121
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Martin-Brevet S, Rodríguez-Herreros B, Nielsen JA, Moreau C, Modenato C, Maillard AM, Pain A, Richetin S, Jønch AE, Qureshi AY, Zürcher NR, Conus P, Chung WK, Sherr EH, Spiro JE, Kherif F, Beckmann JS, Hadjikhani N, Reymond A, Buckner RL, Draganski B, Jacquemont S, Arveiler B, Baujat G, Sloan-Béna F, Belfiore M, Bonneau D, Bouquillon S, Boute O, Brusco A, Busa T, Caberg JH, Campion D, Colombert V, Cordier MP, David A, Debray FG, Delrue MA, Doco-Fenzy M, Dunkhase-Heinl U, Edery P, Fagerberg C, Faivre L, Forzano F, Genevieve D, Gérard M, Giachino D, Guichet A, Guillin O, Héron D, Isidor B, Jacquette A, Jaillard S, Journel H, Keren B, Lacombe D, Lebon S, Le Caignec C, Lemaître MP, Lespinasse J, Mathieu-Dramart M, Mercier S, Mignot C, Missirian C, Petit F, Pilekær Sørensen K, Pinson L, Plessis G, Prieur F, Rooryck-Thambo C, Rossi M, Sanlaville D, Schlott Kristiansen B, Schluth-Bolard C, Till M, Van Haelst M, Van Maldergem L, Alupay H, Aaronson B, Ackerman S, Ankenman K, Anwar A, Atwell C, Bowe A, Beaudet AL, Benedetti M, Berg J, Berman J, Berry LN, Bibb AL, Blaskey L, Brennan J, Brewton CM, Buckner R, Bukshpun P, Burko J, Cali P, Cerban B, Chang Y, Cheong M, Chow V, Chu Z, Chudnovskaya D, Cornew L, Dale C, Dell J, Dempsey AG, Deschamps T, Earl R, Edgar J, Elgin J, Olson JE, Evans YL, Findlay A, Fischbach GD, Fisk C, Fregeau B, Gaetz B, Gaetz L, Garza S, Gerdts J, Glenn O, Gobuty SE, Golembski R, Greenup M, Heiken K, Hines K, Hinkley L, Jackson FI, Jenkins J, Jeremy RJ, Johnson K, Kanne SM, Kessler S, Khan SY, Ku M, Kuschner E, Laakman AL, Lam P, Lasala MW, Lee H, LaGuerre K, Levy S, Cavanagh AL, Llorens AV, Campe KL, Luks TL, Marco EJ, Martin S, Martin AJ, Marzano G, Masson C, McGovern KE, McNally Keehn R, Miller DT, Miller FK, Moss TJ, Murray R, Nagarajan SS, Nowell KP, Owen J, Paal AM, Packer A, Page PZ, Paul BM, Peters A, Peterson D, Poduri A, Pojman NJ, Porche K, Proud MB, Qasmieh S, Ramocki MB, Reilly B, Roberts TP, Shaw D, Sinha T, Smith-Packard B, Gallagher AS, Swarnakar V, Thieu T, Triantafallou C, Vaughan R, Wakahiro M, Wallace A, Ward T, Wenegrat J, Wolken A. Quantifying the Effects of 16p11.2 Copy Number Variants on Brain Structure: A Multisite Genetic-First Study. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:253-264. [PMID: 29778275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 16p11.2 breakpoint 4 to 5 copy number variants (CNVs) increase the risk for developing autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and language and cognitive impairment. In this multisite study, we aimed to quantify the effect of 16p11.2 CNVs on brain structure. METHODS Using voxel- and surface-based brain morphometric methods, we analyzed structural magnetic resonance imaging collected at seven sites from 78 individuals with a deletion, 71 individuals with a duplication, and 212 individuals without a CNV. RESULTS Beyond the 16p11.2-related mirror effect on global brain morphometry, we observe regional mirror differences in the insula (deletion > control > duplication). Other regions are preferentially affected by either the deletion or the duplication: the calcarine cortex and transverse temporal gyrus (deletion > control; Cohen's d > 1), the superior and middle temporal gyri (deletion < control; Cohen's d < -1), and the caudate and hippocampus (control > duplication; -0.5 > Cohen's d > -1). Measures of cognition, language, and social responsiveness and the presence of psychiatric diagnoses do not influence these results. CONCLUSIONS The global and regional effects on brain morphometry due to 16p11.2 CNVs generalize across site, computational method, age, and sex. Effect sizes on neuroimaging and cognitive traits are comparable. Findings partially overlap with results of meta-analyses performed across psychiatric disorders. However, the lack of correlation between morphometric and clinical measures suggests that CNV-associated brain changes contribute to clinical manifestations but require additional factors for the development of the disorder. These findings highlight the power of genetic risk factors as a complement to studying groups defined by behavioral criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martin-Brevet
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Borja Rodríguez-Herreros
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jared A Nielsen
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clara Moreau
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claudia Modenato
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne M Maillard
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre Cantonal Autisme, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Pain
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre Cantonal Autisme, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Richetin
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aia E Jønch
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abid Y Qureshi
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Nicole R Zürcher
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Wendy K Chung
- Simons Foundation, New York, New York; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Ferath Kherif
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques S Beckmann
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nouchine Hadjikhani
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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Fernandez TV, Leckman JF, Pittenger C. Genetic susceptibility in obsessive-compulsive disorder. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 148:767-781. [PMID: 29478613 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64076-5.00049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is present in 1.5-2.5% of the population and can result in substantial lifelong disability. It is characterized by intrusive thoughts, sensations, and urges and by repetitive behaviors that are difficult to control despite, in most cases, preserved insight as to their excessive or irrational nature. The causes and underlying pathophysiology of OCD are not well understood, which has limited the development of new treatments and interventions. Despite evidence for a substantial genetic contribution to disease risk, identification and replication of genetic variants associated with OCD have been challenging. Decades of candidate gene association studies have provided little insight. They are now being supplanted by modern genomewide approaches to discover both common and rare sequence and structural variants. Studies to date suggest potential novel therapeutic avenues such as modulators of glutamatergic and immune pathways; however, individual genetic findings are not yet statistically robust or replicated. Further efforts are clearly needed to identify specific risk variants and to confirm vulnerable pathways by studying much larger cohorts of patients with comprehensive variant discovery approaches. Mouse knockout models have already made notable inroads into our understanding of OCD pathology; their utility will only increase as specific risk alleles are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V Fernandez
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - James F Leckman
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Christopher Pittenger
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Integrated Neuroscience Research Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Cellular Phenotypes in Human iPSC-Derived Neurons from a Genetic Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Cell Rep 2018; 21:2678-2687. [PMID: 29212016 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A deletion or duplication in the 16p11.2 region is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. In addition to clinical characteristics, carriers of the 16p11.2 copy-number variant (CNV) manifest opposing neuroanatomical phenotypes-e.g., macrocephaly in deletion carriers (16pdel) and microcephaly in duplication carriers (16pdup). Using fibroblasts obtained from 16pdel and 16pdup carriers, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and differentiated them into neurons to identify causal cellular mechanisms underlying neurobiological phenotypes. Our study revealed increased soma size and dendrite length in 16pdel neurons and reduced neuronal size and dendrite length in 16pdup neurons. The functional properties of iPSC-derived neurons corroborated aspects of these contrasting morphological differences that may underlie brain size. Interestingly, both 16pdel and 16pdup neurons displayed reduced synaptic density, suggesting that distinct mechanisms may underlie brain size and neuronal connectivity at this locus.
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124
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Morris G, Walker AJ, Berk M, Maes M, Puri BK. Cell Death Pathways: a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Neuroscientists. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:5767-5786. [PMID: 29052145 PMCID: PMC5994217 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the first part, the following mechanisms involved in different forms of cell death are considered, with a view to identifying potential therapeutic targets: tumour necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) and their engagement by tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP)-1 cleavage; the apoptosis signalling kinase (ASK)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) axis; lysosomal permeability; activation of programmed necrotic cell death; oxidative stress, caspase-3 inhibition and parthanatos; activation of inflammasomes by reactive oxygen species and the development of pyroptosis; oxidative stress, calcium dyshomeostasis and iron in the development of lysosomal-mediated necrosis and lysosomal membrane permeability; and oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, iron dyshomeostasis and ferroptosis. In the second part, there is a consideration of the role of lethal and sub-lethal activation of these pathways in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and neuroprogressive disorders, with particular reference to the TNF-α-TNFR signalling axis; dysregulation of ASK-1-JNK signalling; prolonged or chronic PARP-1 activation; the role of pyroptosis and chronic inflammasome activation; and the roles of lysosomal permeabilisation, necroptosis and ferroptosis. Finally, it is suggested that, in addition to targeting oxidative stress and inflammatory processes generally, neuropsychiatric disorders may respond to therapeutic targeting of TNF-α, PARP-1, the Nod-like receptor NLRP3 inflammasome and the necrosomal molecular switch receptor-interacting protein kinase-3, since their widespread activation can drive and/or exacerbate peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation even in the absence of cell death. To this end, the use is proposed of a combination of the tetracycline derivative minocycline and N-acetylcysteine as adjunctive treatment for a range of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Morris
- , Bryn Road Seaside 87, Llanelli, Wales, , SA15 2LW, UK
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - A J Walker
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - M Berk
- The Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-040, Brazil
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Centre of Youth Mental Health, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - M Maes
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - B K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK.
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125
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Zhou W, Shi Y, Li F, Wu X, Huai C, Shen L, Yi Z, He L, Liu C, Qin S. Study of the association between Schizophrenia and microduplication at the 16p11.2 locus in the Han Chinese population. Psychiatry Res 2018; 265:198-199. [PMID: 29730539 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variants are essential in the etiology of Schizophrenia. We assessed the role of the 16p11.2 locus in the pathogenesis of Schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population. In total, 659 patients with Schizophrenia and 650 healthy controls were genotyped and followed by a meta-analysis, involving 9384 patients and 15,457 controls. We found the microduplications at the 16p11.2 locus to be strongly associated with the SZ. The frequency of this microduplication is significantly higher in Schizophrenia patients than in healthy controls. These results highlight the role of the 16p11.2 locus in the development of SZ in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengzhen Li
- Laigang Hospital, Laiwu, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Huai
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenhui Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- College of Mental Health in Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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126
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Wang X, Kery R, Xiong Q. Synaptopathology in autism spectrum disorders: Complex effects of synaptic genes on neural circuits. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:398-415. [PMID: 28986278 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Wang
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Rachel Kery
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Qiaojie Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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127
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Baltussen LL, Rosianu F, Ultanir SK. Kinases in synaptic development and neurological diseases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:343-352. [PMID: 29241837 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal morphogenesis and synapse development is essential for building a functioning nervous system, and defects in these processes are associated with neurological disorders. Our understanding of molecular components and signalling events that contribute to neuronal development and pathogenesis is limited. Genes associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases provide entry points for elucidating molecular events that contribute to these conditions. Several protein kinases, enzymes that regulate protein function by phosphorylating their substrates, are genetically linked to neurological disorders. Identifying substrates of these kinases is key to discovering their function and providing insight for possible therapies. In this review, we describe how various methods for kinase-substrate identification helped elucidate kinase signalling pathways important for neuronal development and function. We describe recent advances on roles of kinases TAOK2, TNIK and CDKL5 in neuronal development and the converging pathways of LRRK2, PINK1 and GAK in Parkinson's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L Baltussen
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Flavia Rosianu
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Sila K Ultanir
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom.
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128
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Avramopoulos D. Recent Advances in the Genetics of Schizophrenia. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2018; 4:35-51. [PMID: 29998117 PMCID: PMC6032037 DOI: 10.1159/000488679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The last decade brought tremendous progress in the field of schizophrenia genetics. As a result of extensive collaborations and multiple technological advances, we now recognize many types of genetic variants that increase the risk. These include large copy number variants, rare coding inherited and de novο variants, and over 100 loci harboring common risk variants. While the type and contribution to the risk vary among genetic variants, there is concordance in the functions of genes they implicate, such as those whose RNA binds the fragile X-related protein FMRP and members of the activity-regulated cytoskeletal complex involved in learning and memory. Gene expression studies add important information on the biology of the disease and recapitulate the same functional gene groups. Studies of alternative phenotypes help us widen our understanding of the genetic architecture of mental function and dysfunction, how diseases overlap not only with each other but also with non-disease phenotypes. The challenge is to apply this new knowledge to prevention and treatment and help patients. The data generated so far and emerging technologies, including new methods in cell engineering, offer significant promise that in the next decade we will unlock the translational potential of these significant discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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129
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Chemogenetic Activation of Prefrontal Cortex Rescues Synaptic and Behavioral Deficits in a Mouse Model of 16p11.2 Deletion Syndrome. J Neurosci 2018; 38:5939-5948. [PMID: 29853627 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0149-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microdeletion of the human 16p11.2 gene locus has been linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability and confers risk for a number of other neurodevelopmental deficits. Transgenic mice carrying 16p11.2 deletion (16p11+/-) display phenotypes reminiscent of those in human patients with 16p11.2 deletion syndrome, but the molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies for these phenotypes remain unknown. In this study, we have found that both male and female 16p11+/- mice exhibit deficient NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a brain region critical for high-level "executive" functions. Elevating the activity of mPFC pyramidal neurons with a CaMKII-driven Gq-DREADD (Gq-coupled designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) led to the significant increase of NR2B subunit phosphorylation and the restoration of NMDAR function, as well as the amelioration of cognitive and social impairments in 16p11+/- mice. These results suggest that NMDAR hypofunction in PFC may contribute to the pathophysiology of 16p11.2 deletion syndrome and that restoring PFC activity is sufficient to rescue the behavioral deficits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The 16p11.2 deletion syndrome is strongly associated with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Using a mouse model carrying the 16p11.2 deletion, 16p11+/-, we identified NMDA receptor hypofunction in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Elevating the activity of PFC pyramidal neurons with a chemogenetic tool, Gq-DREADD, led to the restoration of NMDA receptor function and the amelioration of cognitive and social impairments in 16p11+/- mice. These results have revealed a novel route for potential therapeutic intervention of 16p11.2 deletion syndrome.
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130
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Geets E, Meuwissen MEC, Van Hul W. Clinical, molecular genetics and therapeutic aspects of syndromic obesity. Clin Genet 2018; 95:23-40. [PMID: 29700824 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health problem worldwide. To date, more than 25 different syndromic forms of obesity are known in which one (monogenic) or multiple (polygenic) genes are involved. This review gives an overview of these forms and focuses more in detail on 6 syndromes: Prader Willi Syndrome and Prader Willi like phenotype, Bardet Biedl Syndrome, Alström Syndrome, Wilms tumor, Aniridia, Genitourinary malformations and mental Retardation syndrome and 16p11.2 (micro)deletions. Years of research provided plenty of information on the molecular genetics of these disorders and the obesity phenotype leading to a more individualized treatment of the symptoms, however, many questions still remain unanswered. As these obesity syndromes have different signs and symptoms in common, it makes it difficult to accurately diagnose patients which may result in inappropriate treatment of the disease. Therefore, the big challenge for clinicians and scientists is to more clearly differentiate all syndromic forms of obesity to provide conclusive genetic explanations and eventually deliver accurate genetic counseling and treatment. In addition, further delineation of the (functions of the) underlying genes with the use of array- or next-generation sequencing-based technology will be helpful to unravel the mechanisms of energy metabolism in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Geets
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M E C Meuwissen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - W Van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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131
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Giacomini C, Koo CY, Yankova N, Tavares IA, Wray S, Noble W, Hanger DP, Morris JDH. A new TAO kinase inhibitor reduces tau phosphorylation at sites associated with neurodegeneration in human tauopathies. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:37. [PMID: 29730992 PMCID: PMC5937037 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related tauopathies, the microtubule-associated protein tau is highly phosphorylated and aggregates to form neurofibrillary tangles that are characteristic of these neurodegenerative diseases. Our previous work has demonstrated that the thousand-and-one amino acid kinases (TAOKs) 1 and 2 phosphorylate tau on more than 40 residues in vitro. Here we show that TAOKs are phosphorylated and active in AD brain sections displaying mild (Braak stage II), intermediate (Braak stage IV) and advanced (Braak stage VI) tau pathology and that active TAOKs co-localise with both pre-tangle and tangle structures. TAOK activity is also enriched in pathological tau containing sarkosyl-insoluble extracts prepared from AD brain. Two new phosphorylated tau residues (T123 and T427) were identified in AD brain, which appear to be targeted specifically by TAOKs. A new small molecule TAOK inhibitor (Compound 43) reduced tau phosphorylation on T123 and T427 and also on additional pathological sites (S262/S356 and S202/T205/S208) in vitro and in cell models. The TAOK inhibitor also decreased tau phosphorylation in differentiated primary cortical neurons without affecting markers of synapse and neuron health. Notably, TAOK activity also co-localised with tangles in post-mortem frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) brain tissue. Furthermore, the TAOK inhibitor decreased tau phosphorylation in induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons from FTLD patients, as well as cortical neurons from a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy (Tau35 mice). Our results demonstrate that abnormal TAOK activity is present at pre-tangles and tangles in tauopathies and that TAOK inhibition effectively decreases tau phosphorylation on pathological sites. Thus, TAOKs may represent a novel target to reduce or prevent tau-associated neurodegeneration in tauopathies.
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132
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Lin GN, Corominas R, Nam HJ, Urresti J, Iakoucheva LM. Comprehensive Analyses of Tissue-Specific Networks with Implications to Psychiatric Diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1613:371-402. [PMID: 28849569 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7027-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in genome sequencing and "omics" technologies are opening new opportunities for improving diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. The precision medicine initiative in particular aims at developing individualized treatment options that take into account individual variability in genes and environment of each person. Systems biology approaches that group genes, transcripts and proteins into functionally meaningful networks will play crucial role in the future of personalized medicine. They will allow comparison of healthy and disease-affected tissues and organs from the same individual, as well as between healthy and disease-afflicted individuals. However, the field faces a multitude of challenges ranging from data integration to statistical and combinatorial issues in data analyses. This chapter describes computational approaches developed by us and the others to tackle challenges in tissue-specific network analyses, with the main focus on psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Ning Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0603, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, P. R. China
| | - Roser Corominas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0603, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hyun-Jun Nam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0603, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jorge Urresti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0603, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lilia M Iakoucheva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0603, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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133
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Wiszniewski W, Gawlinski P, Gambin T, Bekiesinska-Figatowska M, Obersztyn E, Antczak-Marach D, Akdemir ZHC, Harel T, Karaca E, Jurek M, Sobecka K, Nowakowska B, Kruk M, Terczynska I, Goszczanska-Ciuchta A, Rudzka-Dybala M, Jamroz E, Pyrkosz A, Jakubiuk-Tomaszuk A, Iwanowski P, Gieruszczak-Bialek D, Piotrowicz M, Sasiadek M, Kochanowska I, Gurda B, Steinborn B, Dawidziuk M, Castaneda J, Wlasienko P, Bezniakow N, Jhangiani SN, Hoffman-Zacharska D, Bal J, Szczepanik E, Boerwinkle E, Gibbs RA, Lupski JR. Comprehensive genomic analysis of patients with disorders of cerebral cortical development. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:1121-1131. [PMID: 29706646 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Malformations of cortical development (MCDs) manifest with structural brain anomalies that lead to neurologic sequelae, including epilepsy, cerebral palsy, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. To investigate the underlying genetic architecture of patients with disorders of cerebral cortical development, a cohort of 54 patients demonstrating neuroradiologic signs of MCDs was investigated. Individual genomes were interrogated for single-nucleotide variants (SNV) and copy number variants (CNV) with whole-exome sequencing and chromosomal microarray studies. Variation affecting known MCDs-associated genes was found in 16/54 cases, including 11 patients with SNV, 2 patients with CNV, and 3 patients with both CNV and SNV, at distinct loci. Diagnostic pathogenic SNV and potentially damaging variants of unknown significance (VUS) were identified in two groups of seven individuals each. We demonstrated that de novo variants are important among patients with MCDs as they were identified in 10/16 individuals with a molecular diagnosis. Three patients showed changes in known MCDs genes and a clinical phenotype beyond the usual characteristics observed, i.e., phenotypic expansion, for a particular known disease gene clinical entity. We also discovered 2 likely candidate genes, CDH4, and ASTN1, with human and animal studies supporting their roles in brain development, and 5 potential candidate genes. Our findings emphasize genetic heterogeneity of MCDs disorders and postulate potential novel candidate genes involved in cerebral cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Wiszniewski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland. .,Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Pawel Gawlinski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gambin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Computer Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Obersztyn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Antczak-Marach
- Clinic of Neurology of Children and Adolescents, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Tamar Harel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ender Karaca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marta Jurek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sobecka
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Nowakowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kruk
- Clinic of Neurology of Children and Adolescents, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Terczynska
- Clinic of Neurology of Children and Adolescents, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Mariola Rudzka-Dybala
- Clinic of Neurology of Children and Adolescents, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jamroz
- School of Medicine in Katowice, Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Age Neurology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Antoni Pyrkosz
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubiuk-Tomaszuk
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Iwanowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gieruszczak-Bialek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Piotrowicz
- Department of Genetics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Sasiadek
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Kochanowska
- Individual Medical Practice in Pediatric Neurology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Gurda
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Barbara Steinborn
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dawidziuk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jennifer Castaneda
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Wlasienko
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Bezniakow
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jerzy Bal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Szczepanik
- Clinic of Neurology of Children and Adolescents, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genetics Center and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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134
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Cosemans N, Claes P, Brison N, Vermeesch JR, Peeters H. Noise-robust assessment of SNP array based CNV calls through local noise estimation of log R ratios. Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol 2018; 17:sagmb-2017-0026. [PMID: 29708886 DOI: 10.1515/sagmb-2017-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Arrays based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been successful for the large scale discovery of copy number variants (CNVs). However, current CNV calling algorithms still have limitations in detecting CNVs with high specificity and sensitivity, especially in case of small (<100 kb) CNVs. Therefore, this study presents a simple statistical analysis to evaluate CNV calls from SNP arrays in order to improve the noise-robustness of existing CNV calling algorithms. The proposed approach estimates local noise of log R ratios and returns the probability that a certain observation is different from this log R ratio noise level. This probability can be triggered at different thresholds to tailor specificity and/or sensitivity in a flexible way. Moreover, a comparison based on qPCR experiments showed that the proposed noise-robust CNV calls outperformed original ones for multiple threshold values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Cosemans
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Claes
- Medical Image Computing, ESAT/PSI, Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Brison
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Hilde Peeters
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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135
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Crespi BJ. The Paradox of Copy Number Variants in ASD and Schizophrenia: False Facts or False Hypotheses? REVIEW JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40489-018-0132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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136
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Gusev A, Mancuso N, Won H, Kousi M, Finucane HK, Reshef Y, Song L, Safi A, McCarroll S, Neale BM, Ophoff RA, O'Donovan MC, Crawford GE, Geschwind DH, Katsanis N, Sullivan PF, Pasaniuc B, Price AL. Transcriptome-wide association study of schizophrenia and chromatin activity yields mechanistic disease insights. Nat Genet 2018; 50:538-548. [PMID: 29632383 PMCID: PMC5942893 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 100 risk loci for schizophrenia, but the causal mechanisms remain largely unknown. We performed a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) integrating a schizophrenia GWAS of 79,845 individuals from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium with expression data from brain, blood, and adipose tissues across 3,693 primarily control individuals. We identified 157 TWAS-significant genes, of which 35 did not overlap a known GWAS locus. Of these 157 genes, 42 were associated with specific chromatin features measured in independent samples, thus highlighting potential regulatory targets for follow-up. Suppression of one identified susceptibility gene, mapk3, in zebrafish showed a significant effect on neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Expression and splicing from the brain captured most of the TWAS effect across all genes. This large-scale connection of associations to target genes, tissues, and regulatory features is an essential step in moving toward a mechanistic understanding of GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gusev
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nicholas Mancuso
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hyejung Won
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria Kousi
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hilary K Finucane
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yakir Reshef
- Department of Computer Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lingyun Song
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexias Safi
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven McCarroll
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Psychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gregory E Crawford
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Alkes L Price
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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137
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Deshpande A, Weiss LA. Recurrent reciprocal copy number variants: Roles and rules in neurodevelopmental disorders. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:519-530. [PMID: 29575775 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deletions and duplications, called reciprocal CNVs when they occur at the same locus, are implicated in neurodevelopmental phenotypes ranging from morphological to behavioral. In this article, we propose three models of how differences in gene expression in deletion and duplication genotypes may result in deleterious phenotypes. To explore these models, we use examples of the similarities and differences in clinical phenotypes of five reciprocal CNVs known to cause neurodevelopmental disorders: 1q21.1, 7q11.23, 15q13.3, 16p11.2, and 22q11.2. These models and examples may inform some insights into better understanding of gene-phenotype relationships. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 519-530, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Deshpande
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143
| | - Lauren A Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143
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138
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Gandal MJ, Haney JR, Parikshak NN, Leppa V, Ramaswami G, Hartl C, Schork AJ, Appadurai V, Buil A, Werge TM, Liu C, White KP, Horvath S, Geschwind DH. Shared molecular neuropathology across major psychiatric disorders parallels polygenic overlap. Science 2018; 359:693-697. [PMID: 29439242 PMCID: PMC5898828 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad6469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 648] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The predisposition to neuropsychiatric disease involves a complex, polygenic, and pleiotropic genetic architecture. However, little is known about how genetic variants impart brain dysfunction or pathology. We used transcriptomic profiling as a quantitative readout of molecular brain-based phenotypes across five major psychiatric disorders-autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and alcoholism-compared with matched controls. We identified patterns of shared and distinct gene-expression perturbations across these conditions. The degree of sharing of transcriptional dysregulation is related to polygenic (single-nucleotide polymorphism-based) overlap across disorders, suggesting a substantial causal genetic component. This comprehensive systems-level view of the neurobiological architecture of major neuropsychiatric illness demonstrates pathways of molecular convergence and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Gandal
- Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jillian R. Haney
- Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Neelroop N. Parikshak
- Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Virpi Leppa
- Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gokul Ramaswami
- Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chris Hartl
- Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew J. Schork
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vivek Appadurai
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alfonso Buil
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M. Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kevin P. White
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Tempus Labs, 600 W. Chicago Ave., Chicago IL 60654
| | | | | | | | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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139
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Giannitelli M, Consoli A, Raffin M, Jardri R, Levinson DF, Cohen D, Laurent-Levinson C. An overview of medical risk factors for childhood psychosis: Implications for research and treatment. Schizophr Res 2018; 192:39-49. [PMID: 28526280 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychotic disorders in childhood and early adolescence often progress to chronic schizophrenia, but in many cases there are diagnosable medical and genetic causes or risk factors. We reviewed our clinical experience and the relevant literature to identify these factors and to define their clinical features, appropriate work-up and treatment. METHOD We reviewed the results of comprehensive medical evaluations of 160 psychotic children and adolescents in our center. We also searched the Medline database (January 1994 to December 2015) with the following keywords and combinations: early onset schizophrenia, childhood onset schizophrenia, early onset psychosis, first episode psychosis, inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), genetic syndrome, copy number variants, autoimmune disorders, endocrine diseases, nutritional deficiencies, central nervous system infections, movement disorders, and epilepsy. RESULTS In our center, 12.5% of cases had medical disorders likely to be contributing to psychosis. Based on 66 relevant papers and our experience, we describe the clinical features of multiple genetic syndromes, IEM, and autoimmune, neurological, endocrinological and nutritional disorders that increase the risk of psychotic disorders in childhood and adolescence. We propose an algorithm for systematic laboratory evaluation, informed by clinical examination, emphasizing common and/or treatable factors. CONCLUSIONS In children and early adolescents with psychotic disorders, systematic medical work-up is warranted to identify medical and genetic factors. Not every rare cause can be worked up, thus careful clinical examinations are required to detect medical, neurological and genetic signs. Comprehensive medical evaluation can detect treatable diseases among cases of early-onset psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Giannitelli
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe de Recherche Clinique n°15 (PSYDEV), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Centre de référence des maladies rares à expression psychiatrique, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 7222, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et Robotiques, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 1 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Angèle Consoli
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe de Recherche Clinique n°15 (PSYDEV), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Centre de référence des maladies rares à expression psychiatrique, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie Raffin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe de Recherche Clinique n°15 (PSYDEV), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Renaud Jardri
- University of Lille, SCALab, CNRS UMR-9193 & CHU Lille, CURE platform, Fontan Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Douglas F Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Cohen
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe de Recherche Clinique n°15 (PSYDEV), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Centre de référence des maladies rares à expression psychiatrique, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; CNRS UMR 7222, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et Robotiques, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 1 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Claudine Laurent-Levinson
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe de Recherche Clinique n°15 (PSYDEV), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Centre de référence des maladies rares à expression psychiatrique, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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140
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A novel PRRT2 pathogenic variant in a family with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia and benign familial infantile seizures. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4:mcs.a002287. [PMID: 29167286 PMCID: PMC5793775 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of dyskinetic movements without alteration of consciousness that are often triggered by the initiation of voluntary movements. Whole-exome sequencing has revealed a cluster of pathogenic variants in PRRT2 (proline-rich transmembrane protein), a gene with a function in synaptic regulation that remains poorly understood. Here, we report the discovery of a novel PRRT2 pathogenic variant inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern in a family with PKD and benign familial infantile seizures (BFIS). After targeted Sanger sequencing did not identify the presence of previously described PRRT2 pathogenic variants, we carried out whole-exome sequencing in the proband and her affected paternal grandfather. This led to the discovery of a novel PRRT2 variant, NM_001256442:exon3:c.C959T/NP_660282.2:p.A320V, altering an evolutionarily conserved alanine at the amino acid position 320 located in the M2 transmembrane region. Sanger sequencing further confirmed the presence of this variant in four affected family members (paternal grandfather, father, brother, and proband) and its absence in two unaffected ones (paternal grandmother and mother). This newly found variant further reinforces the importance of PRRT2 in PKD, BFIS, and possibly other movement disorders. Future functional studies using animal models and human pluripotent stem cell models will provide new insights into the role of PRRT2 and the significance of this variant in regulating neural development and/or function.
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141
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JNK1 controls adult hippocampal neurogenesis and imposes cell-autonomous control of anxiety behaviour from the neurogenic niche. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:362-374. [PMID: 27843149 PMCID: PMC5794884 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Promoting adult hippocampal neurogenesis is expected to induce neuroplastic changes that improve mood and alleviate anxiety. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown and the hypothesis itself is controversial. Here we show that mice lacking Jnk1, or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor-treated mice, display increased neurogenesis in adult hippocampus characterized by enhanced cell proliferation and survival, and increased maturation in the ventral region. Correspondingly, anxiety behaviour is reduced in a battery of tests, except when neurogenesis is prevented by AraC treatment. Using engineered retroviruses, we show that exclusive inhibition of JNK in adult-born granule cells alleviates anxiety and reduces depressive-like behaviour. These data validate the neurogenesis hypothesis of anxiety. Moreover, they establish a causal role for JNK in the hippocampal neurogenic niche and anxiety behaviour, and advocate targeting of JNK as an avenue for novel therapies against affective disorders.
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142
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Neural stem cells in neuropsychiatric disorders. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 48:131-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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143
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Abstract
SummaryEngaging patients in first-episode psychosis services is critical in maximising the effect of early intervention and establishing a framework for longer-term treatment. Biopsychosocial assessments determine a working diagnosis and inform evidence-based treatment. Atypical antipsychotics should be used at doses that maximise therapeutic benefit and adherence while minimising side-effects. Patients are helped to construct a narrative of their illness, including a shared understanding of the contribution of biological and environmental risks, and early warning signs. Common comorbid conditions, including depression, suicidal ideation, substance misuse and anxiety, should be addressed. Management of comorbid borderline and antisocial personality disorders is difficult; their nexus with psychosis is discussed. Cognitive–behavioural therapy is a mainstay of treatment, with specific interventions developed for problems typical in first-episode presentations. Core psychosocial interventions include psychoeducation, vocational and educational support, family interventions and multimodal group programmes.
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144
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Zebrafish models of autism spectrum disorder. Exp Neurol 2018; 299:207-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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145
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Hoffman GE, Hartley BJ, Flaherty E, Ladran I, Gochman P, Ruderfer DM, Stahl EA, Rapoport J, Sklar P, Brennand KJ. Transcriptional signatures of schizophrenia in hiPSC-derived NPCs and neurons are concordant with post-mortem adult brains. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2225. [PMID: 29263384 PMCID: PMC5738408 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The power of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies to resolve the smaller effects of common variants within the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled remains uncertain. We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. Reducing the stochastic effects of the differentiation process by correcting for cell type composition boosted the SZ signal and increased the concordance with post-mortem data sets. We predict a growing convergence between hiPSC and post-mortem studies as both approaches expand to larger cohort sizes. For studies of complex genetic disorders, to maximize the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible, we recommend expanding the number of individuals even at the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E Hoffman
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Brigham J Hartley
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Erin Flaherty
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ian Ladran
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Peter Gochman
- Childhood Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Douglas M Ruderfer
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Departments of Medicine, Psychiatry and Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Eli A Stahl
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Judith Rapoport
- Childhood Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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146
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Abstract
Duplications in 16p11.2 are a risk factor for schizophrenia (SCZ). Using genetically modified zebrafish, Golzio and colleagues identified KCTD13 within 16p11.2 as a major driver of the neuropsychiatric phenotype observed in humans. The aims of the present study were to explore the role of KCTD13 in the development of SCZ and to provide a more complete picture of the allelic architecture at this risk locus. The exons of KCTD13 were sequenced in 576 patients. The mutations c.6G>T and c.598G>A were identified in one patient each. Both mutations were predicted to be functionally relevant and were absent from the 1000 Genomes Project data and the Exome Variant Server. The mutation c.6G>T was predicted to abolish a potential transcription factor-binding site for specifity protein 1. Altered specifity protein 1 expression has been reported in SCZ patients compared with controls. Further studies in large cohorts are warranted to determine the relevance of the two identified mutations.
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147
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Wallace AS, Hudac CM, Steinman KJ, Peterson JL, DesChamps TD, Duyzend MH, Nuttle X, Eichler EE, Bernier RA. Longitudinal report of child with de novo 16p11.2 triplication. Clin Case Rep 2017; 6:147-154. [PMID: 29375855 PMCID: PMC5771938 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
16p11.2 deletions and duplications are commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder and linked to mirrored phenotypes of physical characteristics and higher penetrance for deletions. A male with a rare 16p11.2 triplication demonstrated a similar phenotypic presentation to deletion carriers with neurocognitive and adaptive skill deficits and above‐average physical growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne S Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Caitlin M Hudac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Kyle J Steinman
- Department of Neurology University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle Washington 98195.,Center for Integrative Brain Research Seattle Children's Autism Center Seattle Washington 98145
| | - Jessica L Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Trent D DesChamps
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Michael H Duyzend
- Department of Genome Sciences University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Xander Nuttle
- Department of Genome Sciences University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle Washington 98195.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Raphael A Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195.,Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development Seattle Children's Autism Center Seattle Washington 98145
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148
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Lu HC, Mills AA, Tian D. Altered synaptic transmission and maturation of hippocampal CA1 neurons in a mouse model of human chr16p11.2 microdeletion. J Neurophysiol 2017; 119:1005-1018. [PMID: 29212915 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00306.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders is often observed early in infancy and toddlerhood. Mouse models of syndromic disorders have provided insight regarding mechanisms of action, but most studies have focused on characterization in juveniles and adults. Insight into developmental trajectories, particularly those related to circuit and synaptic function, will likely yield important information regarding disorder pathogenesis that leads to symptom progression. Chromosome 16p11.2 microdeletion is one of the most common copy number variations associated with a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet, how haploinsufficiency of chr16p11.2 affects early synaptic maturation and function is unknown. To address this knowledge gap, the present study focused on three key components of circuit formation and function, basal synaptic transmission, local circuit function, and maturation of glutamatergic synapses, in developing hippocampal CA1 neurons in a chr16p11.2 microdeletion mouse model. The data demonstrate increased excitability, imbalance in excitation and inhibition, and accelerated maturation of glutamatergic synapses in heterozygous deletion mutant CA1 neurons. Given the critical role of early synaptic development in shaping neuronal connectivity and circuitry formation, these newly identified synaptic abnormalities in chr16p11.2 microdeletion mice may contribute to altered developmental trajectory and function of the developing brain. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The synaptic pathophysiology underlying neurodevelopmental disorders often emerges during infancy and toddlerhood. Therefore, identifying initial changes in synaptic function is crucial for gaining a mechanistic understanding of the pathophysiology, which ultimately will facilitate the design of early interventions. Here, we investigated synaptic and local circuit properties of hippocampal CA1 neurons in a human chr16p11.2 microdeletion mouse model during early postnatal development (preweaning). The data demonstrate increased neuronal excitability, excitatory/inhibitory imbalance, and accelerated maturation of glutamatergic synapses. These perturbations in early hippocampal circuit function may underlie the early pathogenesis of the heterozygous chr16p11.2 microdeletion, which is often associated with epilepsy and intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Developmental Neuroscience Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
| | - Alea A Mills
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory , Cold Spring Harbor, New York
| | - Di Tian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Developmental Neuroscience Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California
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149
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Fernandez BA. Syndromic autism spectrum disorders: moving from a clinically defined to a molecularly defined approach. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 19:353-371. [PMID: 29398931 PMCID: PMC5789213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a group of neurodevelopmental conditions diagnosed solely on the basis of behavioral assessments that reveal social deficits. Progress has been made in understanding its genetic underpinnings, but most ASD-associated genetic variants, which include copy number variants (CNVs) and mutations in ASD-risk genes, account for no more than 1 % of ASD cases. This high level of genetic heterogeneity leads to challenges obtaining and interpreting genetic testing in clinical settings. The traditional definition of syndromic ASD is a disorder with a clinically defined pattern of somatic abnormalities and a neurobehavioral phenotype that may include ASD. Most have a known genetic cause. Examples include fragile X syndrome and tuberous sclerosis complex. We propose dividing syndromic autism into the following two groups: (i) ASD that occurs in the context of a clinically defined syndrome-recognizing these disorders depends on the familiarity of the clinician with the features of the syndrome, and the diagnosis is typically confirmed by targeted genetic testing (eg, mutation screening of FMR1); (ii) ASD that occurs as a feature of a molecularly defined syndrome-for this group of patients, ASD-associated variants are identified by genome-wide testing that is not hypothesis driven (eg, microarray, whole exome sequencing). These ASD groups cannot be easily clinically defined because patients with a given variant have variable somatic abnormalities (dysmorphism and birth defects). In this article, we review common diagnoses from the above categories and suggest a testing strategy for patients, guided by determining whether the individual has essential or complex ASD; patients in the latter group have multiple morphologic anomalies on physical examination. Finally, we recommend that the syndromic versus nonsyndromic designation ultimately be replaced by classification of ASD according to its genetic etiology, which will inform about the associated spectrum and penetrance of neurobehavioral and somatic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A. Fernandez
- Disciplines of Genetics and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL Canada
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150
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Gilbert J, Man HY. Fundamental Elements in Autism: From Neurogenesis and Neurite Growth to Synaptic Plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:359. [PMID: 29209173 PMCID: PMC5701944 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders with a high prevalence and impact on society. ASDs are characterized by deficits in both social behavior and cognitive function. There is a strong genetic basis underlying ASDs that is highly heterogeneous; however, multiple studies have highlighted the involvement of key processes, including neurogenesis, neurite growth, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review article, we focus on the major genes and signaling pathways implicated in ASD and discuss the cellular, molecular and functional studies that have shed light on common dysregulated pathways using in vitro, in vivo and human evidence. HighlightsAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a prevalence of 1 in 68 children in the United States. ASDs are highly heterogeneous in their genetic basis. ASDs share common features at the cellular and molecular levels in the brain. Most ASD genes are implicated in neurogenesis, structural maturation, synaptogenesis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gilbert
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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