101
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Nguyen LT, Van Nguyen D, Carr MJ, Hall WW, Nguyen LA. Association of interferon lambda polymorphisms with elevated baseline viral loads in chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 6 infection. Arch Virol 2018; 163:115-124. [PMID: 29022122 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Globally, hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major causes of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis. For clinical decision making, genetic variation in the interferon-λ (IFNL) cluster has been utilised as a baseline predictor of natural and interferon-based treatment-induced viral clearance. In Vietnam, where HCV genotypes 1 (g1) and g6 predominate, no prior studies have been conducted investigating associations of IFNL3/4 polymorphisms with spontaneous clearance (SC) or HCV viral load (VL) in chronic infection. In this study, we have investigated the host genetic variations in IFNL loci to determine the association of IFNL3/4 polymorphisms with HCV SC and baseline VLs in a Vietnamese HCV-seropositive cohort. The majority of the cohort harboured major homozygous polymorphisms in IFNL3/4 cluster (i.e. rs12979860-CC: 82.7%; rs8099917-TT: 84.8% and rs368234815-TT/TT: 85.5%) and the SC rates in these groups were 15.8%, 16.3% and 15.7%, respectively. In the minor allele groups, the resolution rates were lower (12% in rs12979860 non-CC, 9.1% in rs8099917 non-TT and 9.5% in rs368234815 non-TT/TT). Furthermore, in individuals harbouring minor alleles, females achieved higher SC rates than males. HCV g6-infected rs12979860 major homozygous individuals had significantly higher viral loads than individuals with minor alleles (CC: 6.56 log IU/ml vs. non-CC: 5.66 log IU/ml; P = 0.021). The association between IFNL3/4 genotypes with elevated HCV VL observed in HCV g6-infected individuals may have implications for the progression of liver disease in Southeast Asian countries where this viral genotype predominates and therefore warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thuy Nguyen
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
| | - Dzung Van Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Michael J Carr
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William W Hall
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lan Anh Nguyen
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
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102
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Muñoz de Rueda P, Jiménez-Ruiz SM, Quiles R, Pavón-Castillero EJ, Muñoz-Gámez JA, Casado J, Gila A, Ruiz-Extremera A, Salmerón J. The antigenic variability of HCV in viral HLA-Ag binding is related to the activation of the host immune response. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15513. [PMID: 29138492 PMCID: PMC5686107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous data show that hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 patients expressing the HLA-DQB1 * 0301 allele have a combined response probability of 69%, while the remaining 31% do not respond, probably because the HCV immunodominant epitope (IE) against the DQB1 * 0301 allele is mutated. HCV IE (region sequenced in NS3 is a region encoding aa 1253–1272) from 37 patients (21 Sustained Virological Response, SVR; 16 non-SVR) HLA-DQB1 * 0301+, were analysed by pyrosequencing. In vitro cultures were also determined by CD4+ proliferation, using non-mutated IE (wild-type synthetic peptide) and synthetic mutated peptide. The pyrosequencing study revealed 34 different haplotypes. The SVR patients had fewer haplotypes (P = 0.07), mutations/haplotypes (P = 0.01) and polymorphic sites (P = 0.02) than non-SVR. Three polymorphic sites were associated with the non-SVR patients: haplotype 7 (L5P); haplotype 11 (L7P); and haplotype 15, (L15S) (P = 0.02). The in vitro study (n = 7) showed that in 4/7 patients (Group 1) the CD4+ proliferation obtained with wild-type synthetic peptide was higher than that obtained with the negative control and with the synthetic mutated peptide (P = 0.039). However, in the remaining 3/7 patients (Group 2) this pattern was not observed (P = 0.7). Our findings suggest that HLA-DQB1 * 0301+ patients with high antigenic variability in HCV IE (NS31253-1272) have a lower SVR rate, due to reduced CD4+ proliferation as a result of incorrect viral HLA-Ag binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Muñoz de Rueda
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, 18012, Spain.,CIBER for Liver and Digestive Disease (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
| | | | - R Quiles
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, 18012, Spain. .,CIBER for Liver and Digestive Disease (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain. .,Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain.
| | - E J Pavón-Castillero
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, 18012, Spain.,Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - J A Muñoz-Gámez
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, 18012, Spain.,Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - J Casado
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, 18012, Spain.,Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - A Gila
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, 18012, Spain.,CIBER for Liver and Digestive Disease (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - A Ruiz-Extremera
- CIBER for Liver and Digestive Disease (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain.,Paediatric Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital and Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, 18012, Spain.,Paediatric Department, Granada University, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - J Salmerón
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, 18012, Spain.,CIBER for Liver and Digestive Disease (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto De Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, 18012, Spain.,Medicine Departament, Granada University, Granada, 18016, Spain
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103
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The impact of the recipient and donor interferon lambda-3 polymorphism on the course of HCV infection following liver transplantation. Clin Exp Hepatol 2017; 3:152-158. [PMID: 29062905 PMCID: PMC5649482 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2017.68401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Aim of the study was to assess the impact of the recipient and donor interferon lambda-3 (IFNL3) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs12979860 and rs8099917 on the course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection following liver transplantation. Material and methods The study involved 141 subjects after liver transplantation for HCV-induced cirrhosis, performed between 2000 and 2015. It assessed the impact of both SNPs on the outcomes of interferon/ribavirin (IFN/RBV) treatment following transplantation, HCV viral load, laboratory test results, histological lesions in the liver graft, the risk of acute rejection, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patient’s own liver. Results In the case of rs12979860, SVR was achieved in 58.8% of recipients with the CC genotype, and only 12% of recipients with the TT genotype (p = 0.016). Recipients with the rs12979860 CC variant had lower viral load and lower alanine transaminase (ALT) activity than recipients with a non-CC variant. Opposite effects were demonstrated in the analysis of the donors’ genotype. Recipients with the unfavorable variants (rs12979860 TT and rs8099917 GG) had a lower risk of graft rejection and tended to have a higher risk of developing HCC in their own liver. Conclusions The IFNL3 rs12979860 polymorphism may be considered a predictor for IFN/RBV effectiveness following liver transplantation. The course of HCV reinfection following liver transplantation may be more aggressive if an unfavorable variant in the recipient coexists with a promising variant in the donor. Particularly careful monitoring for HCC in recipients with unfavorable IFNL3 variants is warranted.
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104
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Obajemu AA, Rao N, Dilley KA, Vargas JM, Sheikh F, Donnelly RP, Shabman RS, Meissner EG, Prokunina-Olsson L, Onabajo OO. IFN-λ4 Attenuates Antiviral Responses by Enhancing Negative Regulation of IFN Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3808-3820. [PMID: 29070670 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type III IFNs are important mediators of antiviral immunity. IFN-λ4 is a unique type III IFN because it is produced only in individuals who carry a dG allele of a genetic variant rs368234815-dG/TT. Counterintuitively, those individuals who can produce IFN-λ4, an antiviral cytokine, are also less likely to clear hepatitis C virus infection. In this study, we searched for unique functional properties of IFN-λ4 that might explain its negative effect on hepatitis C virus clearance. We used fresh primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) treated with recombinant type III IFNs or infected with Sendai virus to model acute viral infection and subsequently validated our findings in HepG2 cell line models. Endogenous IFN-λ4 protein was detectable only in Sendai virus-infected PHHs from individuals with the dG allele, where it was poorly secreted but highly functional, even at concentrations < 50 pg/ml. IFN-λ4 acted faster than other type III IFNs in inducing antiviral genes, as well as negative regulators of the IFN response, such as USP18 and SOCS1 Transient treatment of PHHs with IFN-λ4, but not IFN-λ3, caused a strong and sustained induction of SOCS1 and refractoriness to further stimulation with IFN-λ3. Our results suggest unique functional properties of IFN-λ4 that can be important in viral clearance and other clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola A Obajemu
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Nina Rao
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kari A Dilley
- Virology Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Joselin M Vargas
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Faruk Sheikh
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993; and
| | - Raymond P Donnelly
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993; and
| | - Reed S Shabman
- Virology Group, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Eric G Meissner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Olusegun O Onabajo
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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105
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Gauthiez E, Habfast-Robertson I, Rüeger S, Kutalik Z, Aubert V, Berg T, Cerny A, Gorgievski M, George J, Heim MH, Malinverni R, Moradpour D, Müllhaupt B, Negro F, Semela D, Semmo N, Villard J, Bibert S, Bochud PY. A systematic review and meta-analysis of HCV clearance. Liver Int 2017; 37:1431-1445. [PMID: 28261910 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
While hepatitis C exemplifies the role of host genetics in infectious diseases outcomes, there is no comprehensive overview of polymorphisms influencing spontaneous and/or treatment-induced hepatitis C virus clearance. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of host polymorphisms associated with these phenotypes. Literature search was conducted using combinations of keywords in three databases. Studies were reviewed and relevant data systematically extracted for subsequent meta-analyses. Polymorphisms from candidate gene studies were tested in two cohorts of HCV-infected patients with available genomic data. The literature search yielded 8'294 citations, among which 262 studies were selected. In the meta-analysis of 27 HLA studies, the most significant associations with spontaneous hepatitis C virus clearance included DQB1*02, DQB1*03, DRB1*04 and DRB1*11. In the meta-analysis of 16 studies of KIR genes and their HLA-ligands, KIR2DS3 was associated with both spontaneous and treatment-induced clearance, and the HLA-C2 ligand with failure to spontaneously clear the virus. In a pooled analysis of 105 candidate genes and two genome-wide association studies, we observed associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms from nine genes (EIF2AK2, IFNAR2, ITPA, MBL2, MX1, OASL, SPP1, TGFB1, TNK2) with response to interferon-based therapy. Meta-analysis of 141 studies confirmed the association of IFNL3/4 polymorphisms with spontaneous and treatment-induced hepatitis C virus clearance, even in previously underpowered groups, such as hepatitis C virus genotypes 2/3-infected patients. This study may contribute to a better understanding of hepatitis C virus immunopathogenesis and highlights the complex role of host genetics in hepatitis C virus clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Gauthiez
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sina Rüeger
- Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine and Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine and Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Aubert
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Berg
- Department of Hepatology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Meri Gorgievski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Darius Moradpour
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Beat Müllhaupt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Negro
- Division of Clinical Pathology and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Semela
- Division of Gastroenterology, Canton Hospital, St. Gall, Switzerland
| | - Nasser Semmo
- Hepatology, Department of clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean Villard
- Transplantation Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospital and Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Bibert
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Bochud
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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106
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Cheng CH, Lin CC, Chen HL, Lin IT, Wu CH, Lee YK, Wong MW, Bair MJ. High frequencies of a favorable IL-28B rs8099917 polymorphism and the clinical implications in patients with HCV in one multiracial area of Taiwan. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2017; 33:510-515. [PMID: 28962822 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment efficacy and the interleukin (IL)-28B gene. However, the IL-28B variant's distribution and potential role in the therapeutic response are not well established in Taitung, a racially diverse county in Taiwan. Here, we investigated the distribution pattern of IL-28B rs8099917 and its influence on treatment efficacy. In this retrospective study, we enrolled 180 patients who had been treated with pegylated-interferon plus ribavirin. Patients' general information, virological characteristics, IL-28B status, laboratory results, treatment course, and outcome were analyzed. Of the patients enrolled, 56.7% were male, with a mean age of 54.11 years. A total of 24.4% of the population were indigenous people. The majority of patients had the favorable IL-28B polymorphism (rs8099917 TT/TG/GG: 94.4%/5.6%/0%). The proportion of patients with the TT genotype seemed to be higher in indigenous patients. The rate of sustained virological response (SVR) among included patients was 73.0%. Univariate analysis showed that genotype non-1, patients achieved rapid virological response (RVR), lower body mass index (BMI), and lower baseline HCV viral load were significantly associated with SVR. Multivariate analysis revealed that BMI <25 and RVR are the independent predictor of success treatment. In conclusion, the favorable IL-28B rs8099917 polymorphism occurs in high frequency in this multiracial area, which might be important to help guide physicians and patients in their future clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung Branch, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chung Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Lin Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung Branch, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - I-Tsung Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung Branch, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsien Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung Branch, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Kai Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung Branch, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wun Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung Branch, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jong Bair
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung Branch, Taitung, Taiwan; Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.
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107
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Fischer J, Weber ANR, Böhm S, Dickhöfer S, El Maadidi S, Deichsel D, Knop V, Klinker H, Möller B, Rasenack J, Wang L, Sharma M, Hinrichsen H, Spengler U, Buggisch P, Sarrazin C, Pawlita M, Waterboer T, Wiese M, Probst-Müller E, Malinverni R, Bochud PY, Gardiner C, O'Farrelly C, Berg T. Sex-specific effects of TLR9 promoter variants on spontaneous clearance of HCV infection. Gut 2017; 66:1829-1837. [PMID: 27196570 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As pathogen sensors, Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a role in the first defence line during HCV infection. However, the impact of the DNA sensor TLR9 on the natural course of HCV infection is unknown. To address this, TLR9 promoter polymorphisms (single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) rs187084 and rs5743836 were investigated for their effect on disease progression. DESIGN Therefore, the TLR9 SNPs and the interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) rs12979860 were genotyped in chronically HCV type 1 infected (n=333), in patients who spontaneously cleared the infection (n=161), in the Swiss HCV cohort (n=1057) and the well-characterised German (n=305) and Irish (n=198) 'anti-D' cohorts. Functional analyses were done with promoter reporter constructs of human TLR9 in B cells and assessing TLR9 mRNA levels in whole blood of healthy volunteers. RESULTS The TLR9 rs187084 C allele was associated with spontaneous virus clearance in women of the study cohort (OR=2.15 (95% CI 1.18 to 3.90) p=0.012), of the Swiss HCV cohort (OR=2.06 (95% CI 1.02 to 4.18) p=0.044) and in both 'anti-D' cohorts (German: OR=2.01 (95% CI 1.14 to 3.55) p=0.016; Irish: OR=1.93 (95% CI 1.10 to 3.68) p=0.047). Multivariate analysis in the combined study and Swiss HCV cohorts supported the results (OR=1.99 (95% CI 1.30 to 3.05) p=0.002). Functional analyses revealed higher transcriptional activities for both TLR9 variants and an association of the C allele of rs5743836 with allele-specific TLR9 mRNA regulation by oestrogens in women. CONCLUSIONS TLR9 promoter SNPs are associated with the natural course of HCV infection and show higher transcriptional activities. Our results imply the DNA sensor TLR9 in natural immunity against the RNA virus, HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janett Fischer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Section of Hepatology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander N R Weber
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Böhm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Section of Hepatology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Dickhöfer
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Souhayla El Maadidi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Section of Hepatology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Danilo Deichsel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Section of Hepatology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Viola Knop
- Medical Department 1, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hartwig Klinker
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Möller
- Department of Medical Practice, Charlottenstraße 81, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Rasenack
- Medical Department, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Wang
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manu Sharma
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger Hinrichsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterologische Schwerpunkt-Praxis, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Spengler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Buggisch
- Liver Unit, IFI Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Sarrazin
- Medical Department 1, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Department of Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis (F020), Research Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Department of Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis (F020), Research Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Wiese
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Section of Hepatology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Pierre-Yves Bochud
- Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clair Gardiner
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Berg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Section of Hepatology, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
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108
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Pasternak AL, Ward KM, Luzum JA, Ellingrod VL, Hertz DL. Germline genetic variants with implications for disease risk and therapeutic outcomes. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:567-581. [PMID: 28887371 PMCID: PMC5668651 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00035.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic testing has multiple clinical applications including disease risk assessment, diagnosis, and pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics can be utilized to predict whether a pharmacologic therapy will be effective or to identify patients at risk for treatment-related toxicity. Although genetic tests are typically ordered for a distinct clinical purpose, the genetic variants that are found may have additional implications for either disease or pharmacology. This review will address multiple examples of germline genetic variants that are informative for both disease and pharmacogenomics. The discussed relationships are diverse. Some of the agents are targeted for the disease-causing genetic variant, while others, although not targeted therapies, have implications for the disease they are used to treat. It is also possible that the disease implications of a genetic variant are unrelated to the pharmacogenomic implications. Some of these examples are considered clinically actionable pharmacogenes, with evidence-based, pharmacologic treatment recommendations, while others are still investigative as areas for additional research. It is important that clinicians are aware of both the disease and pharmacogenomic associations of these germline genetic variants to ensure patients are receiving comprehensive personalized care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Pasternak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kristen M Ward
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jasmine A Luzum
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vicki L Ellingrod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel L Hertz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Mozzi A, Pontremoli C, Sironi M. Genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases: Current status and future perspectives from genome-wide approaches. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 66:286-307. [PMID: 28951201 PMCID: PMC7106304 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been widely applied to identify genetic factors that affect complex diseases or traits. Presently, the GWAS Catalog includes > 2800 human studies. Of these, only a minority have investigated the susceptibility to infectious diseases or the response to therapies for the treatment or prevention of infections. Despite their limited application in the field, GWASs have provided valuable insights by pinpointing associations to both innate and adaptive immune response loci, as well as novel unexpected risk factors for infection susceptibility. Herein, we discuss some issues and caveats of GWASs for infectious diseases, we review the most recent findings ensuing from these studies, and we provide a brief summary of selected GWASs for infections in non-human mammals. We conclude that, although the general trend in the field of complex traits is to shift from GWAS to next-generation sequencing, important knowledge on infectious disease-related traits can be still gained by GWASs, especially for those conditions that have never been investigated using this approach. We suggest that future studies will benefit from the leveraging of information from the host's and pathogen's genomes, as well as from the exploration of models that incorporate heterogeneity across populations and phenotypes. Interactions within HLA genes or among HLA variants and polymorphisms located outside the major histocompatibility complex may also play an important role in shaping the susceptibility and response to invading pathogens. Relatively few GWASs for infectious diseases were performed. Phenotype heterogeneity and case/control misclassification can affect GWAS power. Adaptive and innate immunity loci were identified in several infectious disease GWASs. Unexpected loci (e.g., lncRNAs) were also associated with infection susceptibility. GWASs should integrate host and pathogen diversity and use complex association models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mozzi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Chiara Pontremoli
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E.MEDEA, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy.
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Genome-wide association and HLA region fine-mapping studies identify susceptibility loci for multiple common infections. Nat Commun 2017; 8:599. [PMID: 28928442 PMCID: PMC5605711 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases have a profound impact on our health and many studies suggest that host genetics play a major role in the pathogenesis of most of them. We perform 23 genome-wide association studies for common infections and infection-associated procedures, including chickenpox, shingles, cold sores, mononucleosis, mumps, hepatitis B, plantar warts, positive tuberculosis test results, strep throat, scarlet fever, pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, yeast infections, urinary tract infections, tonsillectomy, childhood ear infections, myringotomy, measles, hepatitis A, rheumatic fever, common colds, rubella and chronic sinus infection, in over 200,000 individuals of European ancestry. We detect 59 genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10−8) associations in genes with key roles in immunity and embryonic development. We apply fine-mapping analysis to dissect associations in the human leukocyte antigen region, which suggests important roles of specific amino acid polymorphisms in the antigen-binding clefts. Our findings provide an important step toward dissecting the host genetic architecture of response to common infections. Susceptibility to infectious diseases is, among others, influenced by the genetic landscape of the host. Here, Tian and colleagues perform genome-wide association studies for 23 common infections and find 59 risk loci for 17 of these, both within the HLA region and non-HLA loci.
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Interleukin 28B Genetic Polymorphism and Spontaneous Recovery from Hepatitis B Virus Infection in an Iranian Azeri Population. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.11706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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112
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Thöns C, Senff T, Hydes TJ, Manser AR, Heinemann FM, Heinold A, Heilmann M, Kim AY, Uhrberg M, Scherbaum N, Lauer GM, Khakoo SI, Timm J. HLA-Bw4 80(T) and multiple HLA-Bw4 copies combined with KIR3DL1 associate with spontaneous clearance of HCV infection in people who inject drugs. J Hepatol 2017; 67:462-470. [PMID: 28412292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Natural killer (NK) cell function is regulated by inhibitory and activating receptors including killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). Here, we analyzed the impact of different KIR/KIR-ligand genotypes on the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in people who inject drugs (PWID). METHODS KIR/KIR-ligand genotypes associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV infection were identified in a cohort of PWID from Germany (n=266) and further validated in a second anti-HCV positive cohort of PWID recruited in North America (n=342). NK cells of PWID and healthy donors were functionally characterized according to their KIR/KIR-ligand genotype by flow cytometry. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that KIR3DL1/HLA-Bw4 80(T) was associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV infection in PWID, which was confirmed in the PWID cohort from North America. Compared with PWID with detectable HCV RNA, the frequency of individuals with multiple HLA-Bw4 alleles was significantly higher in anti-HCV positive PWID with resolved HCV infection (29.7% vs. 15.2%; p=0.0229) and in anti-HCV seronegative PWID (39.2%; p=0.0006). KIR3DL1+ NK cells from HLA-Bw4 80(T)-positive PWID showed superior functionality compared to HLA-Bw4 80(I)-positive PWID. This differential impact was not observed in healthy donors; however, the HLA-Bw4 copy number strongly correlated with the functionality of KIR3DL1+ NK cells. CONCLUSIONS HLA-Bw4-80(T) and multiple HLA-Bw4 copies in combination with KIR3DL1 are associated with protection against chronic hepatitis C in PWID by distinct mechanisms. Better licensing of KIR3DL1+ NK cells in the presence of multiple HLA-Bw4 copies is beneficial prior to seroconversion whereas HLA-Bw4 80(T) may be beneficial during acute hepatitis C. Lay summary: Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system and are regulated by a complex network of activating and inhibiting receptors. The regulating receptor-ligand pairs of an individual are genetically determined. Here, we identified a particular set of ligand and receptor genes that are associated with better functionality of NK cells and better outcome upon exposure to HCV in a high-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Thöns
- Institute for Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tina Senff
- Institute for Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Theresa J Hydes
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Angela R Manser
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Falko M Heinemann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinold
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Heilmann
- Department for Addiction Medicine and Addictive Behavior, LVR-Hospital Essen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Department for Addiction Medicine and Addictive Behavior, LVR-Hospital Essen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Georg M Lauer
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Salim I Khakoo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Jörg Timm
- Institute for Virology, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Kandoussi N, Elannaz H, Melloul M, Tagajdid Mohamed R, Abi R, Elalaoui My A, Alaoui Amine S, Touil N, Elfahime E, Elkabbaj S, Zouhdi M, Mrani S. Genetic variation in interleukin 28B rs8099917 and response to antiviral therapy in Moroccan patients with chronic hepatitis C. GENE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kenney AD, Dowdle JA, Bozzacco L, McMichael TM, St Gelais C, Panfil AR, Sun Y, Schlesinger LS, Anderson MZ, Green PL, López CB, Rosenberg BR, Wu L, Yount JS. Human Genetic Determinants of Viral Diseases. Annu Rev Genet 2017; 51:241-263. [PMID: 28853921 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-120116-023425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in the identification of specific human gene variants that contribute to enhanced susceptibility or resistance to viral diseases. Herein we review multiple discoveries made with genome-wide or candidate gene approaches that have revealed significant insights into virus-host interactions. Genetic factors that have been identified include genes encoding virus receptors, receptor-modifying enzymes, and a wide variety of innate and adaptive immunity-related proteins. We discuss a range of pathogenic viruses, including influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human T cell leukemia virus, human papilloma virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, herpes simplex virus, norovirus, rotavirus, parvovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus. Understanding the genetic underpinnings that affect infectious disease outcomes should allow tailored treatment and prevention approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Kenney
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , ,
| | - James A Dowdle
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA;
| | - Leonia Bozzacco
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Current affiliation: Target Information Group, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York 10591, USA;
| | - Temet M McMichael
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , ,
| | - Corine St Gelais
- Center of Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , ,
| | - Amanda R Panfil
- Center of Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , ,
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; ,
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , , .,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78227, USA;
| | - Matthew Z Anderson
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , ,
| | - Patrick L Green
- Center of Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , ,
| | - Carolina B López
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; ,
| | - Brad R Rosenberg
- Program in Immunogenomics, John C. Whitehead Presidential Fellows Program, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Current affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , , .,Center of Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , ,
| | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; , , ,
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Mossman K, Nebesio N, Vidal SM. Discovery of Variants Underlying Host Susceptibility to Virus Infection Using Whole-Exome Sequencing. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1656:209-227. [PMID: 28808973 PMCID: PMC7120756 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7237-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The clinical course of any viral infection greatly differs in individuals. This variation results from various viral, host, and environmental factors. The identification of host genetic factors influencing inter-individual variation in susceptibility to several pathogenic viruses has tremendously increased our understanding of the mechanisms and pathways required for immunity. Next-generation sequencing of whole exomes represents a powerful tool in biomedical research. In this chapter, we briefly introduce whole-exome sequencing in the context of genetic approaches to identify host susceptibility genes to viral infections. We then describe general aspects of the workflow for whole-exome sequence analysis together with the tools and online resources that can be used to identify and annotate variant calls, and then prioritize them for their potential association to phenotypes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mossman
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Nestor Nebesio
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Silvia M Vidal
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,McGill University Research Center on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Ellwanger JH, Kaminski VDL, Valverde-Villegas JM, Simon D, Lunge VR, Chies JAB. Immunogenetic studies of the hepatitis C virus infection in an era of pan-genotype antiviral therapies - Effective treatment is coming. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 66:376-391. [PMID: 28811194 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
What are the factors that influence human hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, hepatitis status establishment, and disease progression? Firstly, one has to consider the genetic background of the host and HCV genotypes. The immunogenetic host profile will reflect how each infected individual deals with infection. Secondly, there are environmental factors that drive susceptibility or resistance to certain viral strains. These will dictate (I) the susceptibility to infection; (II) whether or not an infected person will promote viral clearance; (III) the immune response and the response profile to therapy; and (IV) whether and how long it would take to the development of HCV-associated diseases, as well as their severity. Looking at this scenario, this review addresses clinical aspects of HCV infection, following by an update of molecular and cellular features of the immune response against the virus. The evasion mechanisms used by HCV are presented, considering the potential role of exosomes in infection. Genetic factors influencing HCV infection and pathogenesis are the main topics of the article. Shortly, HLAs, MBLs, TLRs, ILs, and IFNLs genes have relevant roles in the susceptibility to HCV infection. In addition, ILs, IFNLs, as well as TLRs genes are important modulators of HCV-associated diseases. The viral aspects that influence HCV infection are presented, followed by a discussion about evolutionary aspects of host and HCV interaction. HCV and HIV infections are close related. Thus, we also present a discussion about HIV/HCV co-infection, focusing on cellular and molecular aspects of this interaction. Pharmacogenetics and treatment of HCV infection are the last topics of this review. The understanding of how the host genetics interacts with viral and environmental factors is crucial for the development of new strategies to prevent HCV infection, even in an era of potential development of pan-genotypic antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Valéria de Lima Kaminski
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline María Valverde-Villegas
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel Simon
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Otto LG, Mondal P, Brassac J, Preiss S, Degenhardt J, He S, Reif JC, Sharbel TF. Use of genotyping-by-sequencing to determine the genetic structure in the medicinal plant chamomile, and to identify flowering time and alpha-bisabolol associated SNP-loci by genome-wide association mapping. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:599. [PMID: 28797221 PMCID: PMC5553732 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) has a long history of use in herbal medicine with various applications, and the flower heads contain numerous secondary metabolites which are medicinally active. In the major crop plants, next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches are intensely applied to exploit genetic resources, to develop genomic resources and to enhance breeding. Here, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) has been used in the non-model medicinal plant chamomile to evaluate the genetic structure of the cultivated varieties/populations, and to perform genome wide association study (GWAS) focusing on genes with large effect on flowering time and the medicinally important alpha-bisabolol content. Results GBS analysis allowed the identification of 6495 high-quality SNP-markers in our panel of 91 M. recutita plants from 33 origins (2–4 genotypes each) and 4 M. discoidea plants as outgroup, grown in the greenhouse in Gatersleben, Germany. M. recutita proved to be clearly distinct from the outgroup, as was demonstrated by different cluster and principal coordinate analyses using the SNP-markers. Chamomile genotypes from the same origin were mostly genetically similar. Model-based cluster analysis revealed one large group of tetraploid genotypes with low genetic differentiation including 39 plants from 14 origins. Tetraploids tended to display lower genetic diversity than diploids, probably reflecting their origin by artificial polyploidisation from only a limited set of genetic backgrounds. Analyses of flowering time demonstrated that diploids generally flowered earlier than tetraploids, and the analysis of alpha-bisabolol identified several tetraploid genotypes with a high content. GWAS identified highly significant (P < 0.01) SNPs for flowering time (9) and alpha-bisabolol (71). One sequence harbouring SNPs associated with flowering time was described to play a role in self-pollination in Arabidopsis thaliana, whereas four sequences harbouring SNPs associated with alpha-bisabolol were identified to be involved in plant biotic and abiotic stress response in various plants species. Conclusions The first genomic resource for future applications to enhance breeding in chamomile was created, andanalyses of diversity will facilitate the exploitation of these genetic resources. The GWAS data pave the way for future research towards the genetics underlying important traits in chamomile, the identification of marker-trait associations, and development of reliable markers for practical breeding. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3991-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Gernot Otto
- Apomixis Research Group, Department Plant Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466, Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany.
| | - Prodyut Mondal
- Research Group of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jonathan Brassac
- Apomixis Research Group, Department Plant Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466, Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Susanne Preiss
- Research Group of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jörg Degenhardt
- Research Group of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sang He
- Quantitative Genetics Research Group, Department Plant Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466, Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Jochen Christoph Reif
- Quantitative Genetics Research Group, Department Plant Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466, Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Timothy Francis Sharbel
- Apomixis Research Group, Department Plant Breeding Research, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466, Seeland OT Gatersleben, Germany.,Global Institute for Food Security, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 4J8, Canada
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Risk of infectious diseases among first-degree relatives of transplant recipients who develop CMV infection: is the infectious phenotype inheritable? Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:2391-2398. [PMID: 28791493 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Transplant recipients are at high risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Mechanisms explaining the variation in risk of infections are far from fully elucidated. We hypothesised that host genetics explains part of the variation in risk of infection and examined if relatives of recipients with CMV infection have higher rates of severe infections compared to relatives of recipients without this infectious phenotype. In a register-based study, we included first-degree relatives of transplant recipients and examined the risk of hospitalisation due to overall infection or viral infection and risk of death among relatives of recipients who developed CMV infection within the first year of transplantation compared to relatives of recipients without CMV. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age and calendar year. We included 4470 relatives who were followed for 103,786 person-years, median follow-up 24 years [interquartile range (IQR) 12-36]. There were a total of 1360 infection-related hospitalisations in the follow-up period, incidence rate (IR) 13.1/1000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI), 12.4; 13.8]. 206 relatives were hospitalised with viral infection, IR 1.8/1000 person-years (95% CI, 1.6; 2.0). There was no increased risk of hospitalisation due to infections, IR ratio (IRR) 0.99 (95% CI, 0.88; 1.12), nor specifically viral infections, IRR 0.87 (95% CI, 0.63; 1.19), in relatives of recipients with CMV compared to relatives of recipients without CMV. Also, no difference was seen in analyses stratified by transplant type, family relation and CMV serostatus. The risk of hospitalisation due to infection is not increased among first-degree relatives of transplant recipients with CMV infection compared to relatives of recipients without CMV.
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Bhushan A, Ghosh S, Bhattacharjee S, Chinnaswamy S. Confounding by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs117648444 (P70S) Affects the Association of Interferon Lambda Locus Variants with Response to Interferon-α-Ribavirin Therapy in Patients with Chronic Genotype 3 Hepatitis C Virus Infection. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2017; 37:369-382. [PMID: 28727946 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies discovered interferon lambda (IFNL or IFN-λ) locus on chromosome 19 to be involved in clearance of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients following interferon-α-ribavirin (IFN-RBV) therapy. Subsequent studies established a dinucleotide polymorphism rs368234815, as the prime causal variant behind this association. The ΔG allele of this variant gives rise to a new IFNL gene, IFNL4, coding for IFN-λ4 whose activity paradoxically associates with lesser viral clearance rates. A low-frequency, nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs117648444 within the 2nd exon of IFNL4 changes the 70th amino acid from proline to serine resulting in lower activity of the functional IFN-λ4 protein, thereby increasing HCV clearance rates. In the present study, we used a cohort of genotype 3 HCV-infected patients, drawn from different geographical regions of India who underwent IFN-RBV therapy, to examine the association of several important IFNL locus SNPs/variants with sustained virological response (SVR). Intriguingly, the causal variant rs368234815 did not show the best strength and significance of association with SVR, while further analysis revealed that a negative confounding effect of rs117648444 was responsible for this phenomenon. Our results indicate that IFNL locus SNPs are subject to either a positive or a negative confounding effect by rs117648444; the nature of confounding depends on the linkage of the IFNL SNPs with the low-activity IFN-λ4-generating minor allele of rs117648444. Thus, our work demonstrates that the linkage disequilibrium structure of the IFNL region may confound the results of association studies. These results have implications for the design and understanding of future case-control studies involving IFNL locus SNPs/variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Bhushan
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics , Kalyani, India
| | - Sumona Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics , Kalyani, India
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Khubaib B, Idrees M, Fatima Z, Akram M, Afzal S, Amin I, Shahid M, Wasim M. Evaluation of three techniques for detection of IL28B SNP: A prognostic tool for HCV treatment outcome. J Dig Dis 2017; 18:404-409. [PMID: 28608576 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was aimed to evaluate the specificity, cost and turnaround time of three different techniques that can be used for analyzing the single nucleotide polymorphism of interleukin 28B (IL28B) rs129796860. METHODS DNA from peripheral blood samples of 111 patients with chronic hepatitis C were genotyped using three types of genotyping methods: direct sequencing, SNaPshot polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS Three distinct profiles for IL28B rs12979860 alleles (CC, CT and TT) were obtained with direct sequencing, SNaPshot PCR and PCR-RFLP and the results were consistent among all three methods. CONCLUSION For routine medical practice, screening IL28B rs12979860 can be performed by PCR-RFLP, which is efficient and reliable as well as cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Khubaib
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zareen Fatima
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Akram
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samia Afzal
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iram Amin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wasim
- Genome Center for Molecular-based Diagnostics & Research, CL-25, Abdalian Cooperative Housing Society Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Heidari Z, Moudi B, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Moudi M. The association between interleukin-28B gene polymorphisms as a potential biomarker and the risk of chronic Periodontitis in an Iranian population. Head Face Med 2017; 13:16. [PMID: 28655358 PMCID: PMC5485623 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-017-0148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Periodontitis (CP) is a common inflammatory disease affects supporting tissues of the teeth and can lead to tooth loss. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between polymorphisms in the IL-28B gene and chronic periodontitis in an Iranian population. METHODS Two hundred and ten CP patients and one hundred healthy subjects were enrolled in the present case-control study. The rs12979860 and rs8099917 SNPs were identified using RFLP and T-ARMS-PCR methods respectively. RESULTS SNP analysis revealed that the G allele of rs8099917 SNP and T allele of rs12979860 SNP increased susceptibility to CP compared to the A allele and C allele (p < 0.0001, OR = 2.712, CI = 1.783-4.126; p < 0.0001, OR = 2.538, CI = 1.784-3.613 respectively). In addition, the CT/GT, TT/GG and TT/GT haplotypes were predominant in CP patients and significantly associated with the increased risk of CP. CONCLUSION IL-28B polymorphisms may be useful predictive factors for chronic periodontitis and correlated to the susceptibility to CP infection in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heidari
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Bita Moudi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
- Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Moudi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Świątek-Kościelna B, Kałużna E, Strauss E, Nowak J, Bereszyńska I, Gowin E, Wysocki J, Rembowska J, Barcińska D, Mozer-Lisewska I, Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska D. Prevalence of IFNL3 rs4803217 single nucleotide polymorphism and clinical course of chronic hepatitis C. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3815-3824. [PMID: 28638221 PMCID: PMC5467067 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i21.3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association of IFNL3 (IL28B) SNP rs4803217 with severity of disease and treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). METHODS The study enrolled 196 CHC Polish patients (82 women and 114 men in age 20-64) infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1. They were treatment naïve and qualified to pegylated interferon alpha (PEG-IFN-α) and ribavirin (RBV) therapy. The analyzed baseline parameters included: degree of inflammation, stage of fibrosis, viral load as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), asparagine aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL). The analysis of response to therapy included: sustained virological response (SVR), defined as undetectable serum HCV RNA level six month after completion of 48-wk therapy, and relapse, defined as achieving undetectable viral load at the end of treatment but not SVR. HCV genotyping and HCV RNA quantification were performed using commercially available tests. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells or from buccal cell swabs. In addition to rs4803217, also single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs12979860, rs8099917 and rs12980275) of known significance in predicting of HCV clearance were analyzed. SNPs were determined by high resolution melt analysis and confirmed by sequencing of amplicons. RESULTS Frequency of rs4803217 genotypes in studied group was as follows: 27.55%; 54.59% and 17.86% for CC, CA and AA, respectively. The rs4803217 SNP, similar to other analyzed SNPs, was not associated with severity of CHC (grade of inflammation, stage of fibrosis, baseline viral load as well as biochemical parameters: ALT, AST, TBIL). It was demonstrated that the rs4803217C allele is associated with SVR (C vs A: P < 0.0001; dose of C allele: P = 0.0002) and non-relapse (C vs A: P = 0.001; dose of C allele: P = 0.002). Moreover, it was found that patients with CC genotype have significantly higher response rates as compared with CA/AA patients (P < 0.0001), whereas patients carrying A allele are significantly predisposed to relapse after treatment (P = 0.0007). Moreover, the association of rs4803217 with SVR was comparable to that of rs12979860 and stronger as observed for rs12980275 and rs8099917. Association of rs4803217 with relapse, was the strongest as compared with the other SNPs. The analysis of combined rs4803217 and rs8099917 genotypes demonstrated that additional genotyping of rs8099917 had no significant impact on the prediction of SVR. Multivariate analysis revealed that among analyzed SNPs only rs4803217 is an independent predictor of SVR (P = 0.016) and relapse (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION The rs4803217 SNP is a strong, independent and superior predictor of SVR and relapse in HCV genotype 1 infected CHC patients treated with PEG-IFN-α and RBV.
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Tsai PC, Liu TW, Tsai YS, Ko YM, Chen KY, Lin CC, Huang CI, Liang PC, Lin YH, Hsieh MY, Hou NJ, Huang CF, Yeh ML, Lin ZY, Chen SC, Dai CY, Chuang WL, Huang JF, Yu ML. Identification of groups with poor cost-effectiveness of peginterferon plus ribavirin for naïve hepatitis C patients with a real-world cohort and database. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6984. [PMID: 28562549 PMCID: PMC5459714 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, peginterferon and ribavirin (PegIFN/RBV) have been the standard-of-care for chronic hepatitis C virus (CHC) infection. However, the actual cost-effectiveness of this therapy remains unclear. We purposed to explore the real-world cost effectiveness for subgroups of treatment-naïve CHC patients with PegIFN/RBV therapy in a large real-world cohort using a whole population database. METHODS A total of 1809 treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients (829 HCV genotype 1 [G1] and 980 HCV G2) treated with PegIFN/RBV therapies were linked to the National Health Insurance Research Database, covering the entire population of Taiwan from 1998 to 2013 to collect the total medical-care expenses of outpatient (antiviral agents, nonantiviral agents, laboratory, and consultation costs) and inpatient (medication, logistic, laboratory, and intervention costs) visits. The costs per treatment and the cost per sustained virological response (SVR) achieved were calculated. RESULTS The average medical-care cost was USD $4823 (±$2984) per treatment and $6105 (±$3778) per SVR achieved. With SVR rates of 68.6% and 87.8%, the cost/SVR was significantly higher in G1 than those in G2 patients, respectively ($8285 vs $4663, P < .001). Treatment-naïve G1 patients of old ages, those with advanced fibrosis, high viral loads, or interleukin-28B unfavorable genotypes, or those without a rapid virological response (RVR: undetectable HCV RNA at week 4), or those with complete early virological response (cEVR: undetectable HCV RNA at week 12). Treatment-naïve G2 patients with high viral loads or without RVR or cEVR incurred significantly higher costs per SVR than their counterparts. The cost/SVR was extremely high among patients without RVR and in patients without cEVR. CONCLUSION We investigated the real-world cost effectiveness data for different subgroups of treatment-naïve HCV patients with PegIFN/RBV therapies, which could provide useful, informative evidence for making decisions regarding future therapeutic strategies comprising costly direct-acting antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chien Tsai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Ta-Wei Liu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Yi-Shan Tsai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Yu-Min Ko
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Ching-Chih Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Ching-I Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Po-Cheng Liang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Yi-Hung Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Ming-Yen Hsieh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Nai-Jen Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Zu-Yau Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Shinn-Cherng Chen
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Neesgaard B, Ruhwald M, Weis N. Inducible protein-10 as a predictive marker of antiviral hepatitis C treatment: A systematic review. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:677-688. [PMID: 28588752 PMCID: PMC5437612 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i14.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate interferon-γ-inducible protein-10’s (IP-10) potential to anticipate rapid (RVR)- and sustained virological responses (SVR) to chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treatment.
METHODS We included case series examining RVR or SVR in relation to 24 or 48 wk treatment for CHC, in patients treatment free for at least six months, with genotype 1 or 4, and in relation to 24 wk treatment for genotype 2 and 3, with pegylated interferon in combination with ribavirin. Patients had to have both a baseline IP-10 level as well as a hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA determination 4 wk after treatment initiation or 24 wk after end of treatment. Studies including patients with liver diseases other than CHC, human immunodeficiency virus-infection, treatment with immunosuppresents or cytostatica, alcohol dependency or active intravenous drug-use were excluded. We found 81 articles by searching the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Eight studies were eligible for inclusion. Their quality were assesed using an 18 point checklist for case series, developed using a modified Delphi technique. Information was extracted from the articles, and no raw data was requisitioned. The review protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (reg. number: CRD42014008736).
RESULTS Three studies reported on baseline IP-10 level in association with RVR. A signigficant association was found for HCV genotype 1 infection by two studies. Only two studies reported on HCV genotype 4 infected and genotype 2 and 3 infected patients, respectively. A trend was seen for an association between RVR and baseline IP-10 for genotype 4, while no association was found for genotype 2 and 3. Seven studies provided information regarding baseline IP-10 and SVR. Following the pattern regarding rapid virological response all five studies examining SVR in relation to baseline IP-10 levels for HCV, genotype 1 infected patients showed a significant association. Likewise a significant association was seen for HCV, genotype 4 infected, while no association was found for HCV, genotype 2 and 3 infected. Though only two studies examined the assosiation for HCV genotype 4 infected and HCV genotype 2 and 3 infected respectively.
CONCLUSION We found indications of a possible association between baseline IP-10 level and virological responses in patients with CHC genotype 1 and 4.
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125
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Yan Z, Wang Y. Viral and host factors associated with outcomes of hepatitis C virus infection (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2909-2924. [PMID: 28339063 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health issue globally. Owing to the progress made in host genetics and HCV molecular virology, emerging data have suggested that the natural course and treatment response in patients with HCV infection are largely determined by complex host‑viral interactions. HCV genotype is the most important viral factor predicting the response to pegylated interferon‑α plus ribavirin therapy. The subtype of HCV genotype 1 is the key viral factor that predicts the efficacy of direct‑acting antiviral therapy. HCV genome heterogeneity and baseline viral load are additionally associated with the treatment response. Multiple host genetic variants localized in genes associated with the immune response have been identified as predictors of spontaneous disease course and therapy outcome in chronic HCV. However, most findings from candidate gene association studies have not been proven universal for all investigated populations and independent studies. Previous findings in independent large genome wide association studies confirmed that interferon‑λ3 gene polymorphisms are associated with spontaneous clearance and treatment responsiveness. A polymorphism of the inosine triphosphatase gene has been identified as a protective factor against ribavirin‑induced anemia and dose reductions. Another genetic variant in the patatin‑like phospholipase domain containing 3 genes is associated with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with HCV. The present review focused on the identified viral and host factors associated with outcomes of patients with HCV, and assessed the involvement of viral and host genetics in the natural history and treatment outcomes of HCV infection. This will provide novel ideas concerning personalized prevention and individualized clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehui Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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126
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Waring JF, Davis JW, Dumas E, Cohen D, Idler K, Abel S, Georgantas R, Podsadecki T, Dutta S. Epigenetic analysis of the IFNλ3 gene identifies a novel marker for response to therapy in HCV-infected subjects. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24:397-403. [PMID: 27925355 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by high interindividual variability in response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin. A genetic polymorphism on chromosome 19 (rs12979860) upstream of interferon-λ3 (IFNλ3) is associated with a twofold change in sustained virologic response rate after 48 weeks of treatment with pegylated interferon/ribavirin in HCV genotype 1 (GT1) treatment-naïve patients. We conducted epigenetic analysis on the IFNλ3 promoter to investigate whether DNA methylation is associated with response to HCV therapy. DNA samples from HCV GT1-infected subjects receiving an interferon-free paritaprevir-containing combination regimen (N=540) and from HCV-uninfected, healthy controls (N=124) were analysed for IFNλ3 methylation levels. Methylation was strongly associated with rs12979860 allele status whether adjusting for HCV status (r=65.0%, 95% CI: [60.2%, 69.5%]), or not (r=64.4%), both with P<2.2×10-16 . In HCV GT1-infected subjects, C/C genotypes had significantly lower methylation levels relative to C/T or T/T genotypes (P<1×10-14 ), with each T allele resulting in a nine-unit increase in mean methylation level. Methylation levels did not correlate with response in subjects treated for 12 or 24 weeks. However, non-C/C subjects with higher methylation levels were more likely to relapse when treatment duration was 8 weeks. This analysis suggests that methylation status of the IFNλ3 promoter region may be a useful parameter that identifies patients more likely to relapse following HCV therapy; however, continuing therapy for a sufficient duration can overcome this difference. These findings may provide mechanistic insight into the role of IFNλ3 genetic variants in HCV treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E Dumas
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D Cohen
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Idler
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Abel
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - S Dutta
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
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127
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Eslam M, McLeod D, Kelaeng KS, Mangia A, Berg T, Thabet K, Irving WL, Dore GJ, Sheridan D, Grønbæk H, Abate ML, Hartmann R, Bugianesi E, Spengler U, Rojas A, Booth DR, Weltman M, Mollison L, Cheng W, Riordan S, Mahajan H, Fischer J, Nattermann J, Douglas MW, Liddle C, Powell E, Romero-Gomez M, George J. IFN-λ3, not IFN-λ4, likely mediates IFNL3-IFNL4 haplotype-dependent hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Nat Genet 2017; 49:795-800. [PMID: 28394349 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation in the IFNL3-IFNL4 (interferon-λ3-interferon-λ4) region is associated with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Whether IFN-λ3 or IFN-λ4 protein drives this association is not known. We demonstrate that hepatic inflammation, fibrosis stage, fibrosis progression rate, hepatic infiltration of immune cells, IFN-λ3 expression, and serum sCD163 levels (a marker of activated macrophages) are greater in individuals with the IFNL3-IFNL4 risk haplotype that does not produce IFN-λ4, but produces IFN-λ3. No difference in these features was observed according to genotype at rs117648444, which encodes a substitution at position 70 of the IFN-λ4 protein and reduces IFN-λ4 activity, or between patients encoding functionally defective IFN-λ4 (IFN-λ4-Ser70) and those encoding fully active IFN-λ4-Pro70. The two proposed functional variants (rs368234815 and rs4803217) were not superior to the discovery SNP rs12979860 with respect to liver inflammation or fibrosis phenotype. IFN-λ3 rather than IFN-λ4 likely mediates IFNL3-IFNL4 haplotype-dependent hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Duncan McLeod
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kebitsaone Simon Kelaeng
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alessandra Mangia
- Division of Hepatology, Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Thomas Berg
- Section of Hepatology, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Khaled Thabet
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - William L Irving
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Gastroenterology and the Liver, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gregory J Dore
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Sheridan
- Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | - Henning Grønbæk
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Lorena Abate
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rune Hartmann
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ulrich Spengler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Angela Rojas
- UCM IC Digestive Diseases and ciberehd. University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - David R Booth
- Institute of Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead Hospital and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin Weltman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lindsay Mollison
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wendy Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hema Mahajan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janett Fischer
- Section of Hepatology, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jacob Nattermann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mark W Douglas
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Powell
- University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manuel Romero-Gomez
- UCM IC Digestive Diseases and ciberehd. University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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128
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Innate and adaptive immunity shape circulating HCV strains. Nat Genet 2017; 49:657-658. [PMID: 28442794 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An unbiased genome-to-genome analysis in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection confirms the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system as drivers of viral evolution. Viral adaptation has a critical role in the interaction between host and pathogen and has important clinical implications for infection outcome.
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129
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Association of Genotype and Haplotype of IL-28B Gene with Hepatitis C Infection Outcome in Iran: Spontaneous Clearance Versus Chronic Infection. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.45745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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130
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Ansari MA, Pedergnana V, L C Ip C, Magri A, Von Delft A, Bonsall D, Chaturvedi N, Bartha I, Smith D, Nicholson G, McVean G, Trebes A, Piazza P, Fellay J, Cooke G, Foster GR, Hudson E, McLauchlan J, Simmonds P, Bowden R, Klenerman P, Barnes E, Spencer CCA. Genome-to-genome analysis highlights the effect of the human innate and adaptive immune systems on the hepatitis C virus. Nat Genet 2017; 49:666-673. [PMID: 28394351 PMCID: PMC5873514 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and treatment depend on viral and host genetic factors. We use human genome-wide genotyping arrays and new whole-genome HCV viral sequencing technologies to perform a systematic genome-to-genome study of 542 individuals chronically infected with HCV, predominately genotype 3. We show that both HLA alleles and interferon lambda innate immune system genes drive viral genome polymorphism, and that IFNL4 genotypes determine HCV viral load through a mechanism that is dependent on a specific polymorphism in the HCV polyprotein. We highlight the interplay between innate immune responses and the viral genome in HCV control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Azim Ansari
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine and the NIHR Oxford BRC, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vincent Pedergnana
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Camilla L C Ip
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine and the NIHR Oxford BRC, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Magri
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine and the NIHR Oxford BRC, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Annette Von Delft
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine and the NIHR Oxford BRC, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Bonsall
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine and the NIHR Oxford BRC, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nimisha Chaturvedi
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Istvan Bartha
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Smith
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine and the NIHR Oxford BRC, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Gilean McVean
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy Trebes
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paolo Piazza
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacques Fellay
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Graham Cooke
- Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Emma Hudson
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine and the NIHR Oxford BRC, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John McLauchlan
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine and the NIHR Oxford BRC, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory Bowden
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine and the NIHR Oxford BRC, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine and the NIHR Oxford BRC, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chris C A Spencer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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131
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Trinks J, Caputo M, Hulaniuk ML, Corach D, Flichman D. Hepatitis C virus pharmacogenomics in Latin American populations: implications in the era of direct-acting antivirals. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2017; 10:79-91. [PMID: 28405170 PMCID: PMC5378445 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s125452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, great progress has been made in the field of new therapeutic options for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The new direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) represent a great hope for millions of chronically infected individuals because their use may lead to excellent cure rates with fewer side effects. In Latin America, the high prevalence of HCV genotype 1 infection and the significant association of Native American ancestry with risk predictive single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IFNL4 and ITPA genes highlight the need to implement new treatment regimens in these populations. However, the universal accessibility to DAAs is still not a reality in the region as their high cost is one of the major, although not the only, limiting factors for their broad implementation. Therefore, under these circumstances, could the assessment of host genetic markers be a useful tool to prioritize DAA treatment until global access to these new drugs can be achieved? This review will summarize the scientific evidences and the potential implications of HCV pharmacogenomics in this rapidly evolving era of anti-HCV drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Trinks
- Basic Science and Experimental Medicine Institute (ICBME), University Institute of the Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires
- Scientific and Technological National Research Council (CONICET)
| | - Mariela Caputo
- Scientific and Technological National Research Council (CONICET)
- Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
| | - María L Hulaniuk
- Basic Science and Experimental Medicine Institute (ICBME), University Institute of the Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires
| | - Daniel Corach
- Scientific and Technological National Research Council (CONICET)
- Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica
| | - Diego Flichman
- Scientific and Technological National Research Council (CONICET)
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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132
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Lei JH, Yang X, Xiao XQ, Chen Z, Peng F. A preliminary investigation on single nucleotide polymorphism rs2287622 of bile salt export pump gene in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in Hunan, China. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:42. [PMID: 28292275 PMCID: PMC5351046 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND European researchers have underscored associations between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2287622 of the hepatobiliary bile salt export pump (BSEP) gene and the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The distributions of SNP rs2287622 are racially specific. This study was aimed to preliminarily investigate the distribution of BSEP gene SNP rs2287622 in the Han patients with chronic HCV-infection (CHC) in Hunan, China. METHODS BSEP gene SNP rs2287622 of 165 CHC patients, 99 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) and 99 healthy individuals were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and nucleotide sequencing. RESULTS The overall frequencies of the C allele of BESP gene SNP rs2287622 in the CHC patients, CHB patients and healthy individuals were 74.2, 72.7 and 74.2%, respectively (P > 0.05). The overall odds ratios (ORs) aiming at predicting CHC risk by comparing the ratios of the frequency distribution of alleles or genotypes in the CHC group with those in the non-CHC group had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). However, the CHC ORs of CC vs TT, TC vs TT and CC + CT vs TT among the individuals aged over 40 years were 2.680, 3.122 and 2.824 respectively (P < 0.05), and the higher risk did not relate to gender, HCV genotypes and presence of HCV-related liver cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS Among the Han individuals aged over 40 years in Hunan, China, genotype CC or CT of BSEP gene SNP rs2287622 may correlate with higher risk of CHC in comparison with genotype TT. Further study with a larger cohort is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Qiang Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
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133
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The effects of a lifestyle intervention program on physical outcomes, depression, and quality of life in adults with metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical trial. Int J Cardiol 2017; 230:461-467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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134
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Syedbasha M, Egli A. Interferon Lambda: Modulating Immunity in Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:119. [PMID: 28293236 PMCID: PMC5328987 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon lambdas (IFN-λs; IFNL1-4) modulate immunity in the context of infections and autoimmune diseases, through a network of induced genes. IFN-λs act by binding to the heterodimeric IFN-λ receptor (IFNLR), activating a STAT phosphorylation-dependent signaling cascade. Thereby hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes are induced, which modulate various immune functions via complex forward and feedback loops. When compared to the well-characterized IFN-α signaling cascade, three important differences have been discovered. First, the IFNLR is not ubiquitously expressed: in particular, immune cells show significant variation in the expression levels of and susceptibilities to IFN-λs. Second, the binding affinities of individual IFN-λs to the IFNLR varies greatly and are generally lower compared to the binding affinities of IFN-α to its receptor. Finally, genetic variation in the form of a series of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to genes involved in the IFN-λ signaling cascade has been described and associated with the clinical course and treatment outcomes of hepatitis B and C virus infection. The clinical impact of IFN-λ signaling and the SNP variations may, however, reach far beyond viral hepatitis. Recent publications show important roles for IFN-λs in a broad range of viral infections such as human T-cell leukemia type-1 virus, rotaviruses, and influenza virus. IFN-λ also potentially modulates the course of bacterial colonization and infections as shown for Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although the immunological processes involved in controlling viral and bacterial infections are distinct, IFN-λs may interfere at various levels: as an innate immune cytokine with direct antiviral effects; or as a modulator of IFN-α-induced signaling via the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 inhibitory feedback loops. In addition, the modulation of adaptive immune functions via macrophage and dendritic cell polarization, and subsequent priming, activation, and proliferation of pathogen-specific T- and B-cells may also be important elements associated with infectious disease outcomes. This review summarizes the emerging details of the IFN-λ immunobiology in the context of the host immune response and viral and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammedyaseen Syedbasha
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Adrian Egli
- Applied Microbiology Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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135
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Murakawa M, Asahina Y, Kawai-Kitahata F, Nakagawa M, Nitta S, Otani S, Nagata H, Kaneko S, Asano Y, Tsunoda T, Miyoshi M, Itsui Y, Azuma S, Kakinuma S, Tanaka Y, Iijima S, Tsuchiya K, Izumi N, Tohda S, Watanabe M. Hepatic IFNL4 expression is associated with non-response to interferon-based therapy through the regulation of basal interferon-stimulated gene expression in chronic hepatitis C patients. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1241-1247. [PMID: 28036111 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within or near interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) gene located upstream of IFNL3 are associated with response to anti-HCV therapy both in interferon (IFN)-based and IFN-free regimens. IFNL4 encodes IFNλ4, a newly discovered type III IFN, and its expression is controlled by rs368234815-TT/ΔG, which is in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with other tag SNPs within or near IFNL4 such as rs12979860 and rs8099917. Intrahepatic expression levels of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) affect the responsiveness to IFNα and are also associated with IFNL4 genotype. However, IFNL4 expressions and its role in intrinsic antiviral innate immunity remain unclear. This study evaluated the effect of IFNL4 on intrahepatic ISG expression and investigated its relationship with treatment outcomes in liver samples obtained from 49 chronic hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated (PEG)-IFN/ribavirin therapy. IFNL4 mRNA was detected in 11 of 22 patients with IFNL4-unfavorable SNPs but not in patients with favorable genotypes. IFNL4 expression was associated with non-response to PEG-IFN/ribavirin therapy. Intrahepatic expression of antiviral ISGs (ISG15 and MX1) was significantly higher in IFNL4-unfavorable patients with detectable IFNL4 mRNA than in patients with undetectable IFNL4 mRNA, whereas the expression of suppressive ISGs (RNF125, SOCS1, SOCS3, and RNF11) was lower in patients with detectable IFNL4 mRNA. In summary, intrahepatic expression of IFNL4 was associated with increased antiviral ISG expression and decreased suppressive ISG expression at baseline, resulting in poor responsiveness to IFNα-based therapy in HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Murakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Asahina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Liver Disease Control, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fukiko Kawai-Kitahata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mina Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayuri Nitta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Otani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Asano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsunoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Itsui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seishin Azuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sei Kakinuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sayuki Iijima
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Namiki Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Tohda
- Department of Liver Disease Control, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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136
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Novotny D, Roubalova L, Aiglova K, Bednarikova J, Bartkova M. IL28B genotyping and treatment of HCV infected subjects. ASIAN BIOMED 2017. [DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.0804.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Chronic hepatitis C is a common cause of advanced liver disease and appropriate treatment has been complex and a challenge. Reaction of individual genotypes to classical pegylated interferon-ribavirin therapy differs and no success has been achieved in some even after repeated therapy cycles. New types of so called directly acting antivirals (DAAs) are hopeful, as shown in many recent clinical studies, and triple therapy regimens involving DAA are becoming the new standard of care.Objective: To summarize knowledge about the relationship between HCV therapeutic regimens and the genetic background of the host represented by interleukin 28B (IL28B) gene polymorphisms. In the first part, the host basic mechanisms in specific and innate immunity are introduced. The IL28B genotype and its role in the course of HCV treatment are described in the second part.Methods: We searched and summarized publications on HCV therapeutic regimens and host IL28B polymorphisms.Results: Compared to classical regimens, the association between IL28B polymorphism and treatment outcome of HCV infected patients is weaker in triple therapy using first generation DAAs boceprevir and telaprevir.Conclusions: The association between IL28B polymorphism and treatment outcome is lessened with availability of new therapeutic regimens. Nevertheless, IL28B genotyping may still be useful for individualization of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Novotny
- PhD, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, 77520 Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Lucie Roubalova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc 77520, Czechia
| | - Kvetoslava Aiglova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc 77520, Czechia
| | - Jana Bednarikova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc 77520, Czechia
| | - Margita Bartkova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc 77520, Czechia
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137
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The Role of Type III Interferons in Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Therapy. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:7232361. [PMID: 28255563 PMCID: PMC5309426 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7232361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human interferon (IFN) response is a key innate immune mechanism to fight virus infection. IFNs are host-encoded secreted proteins, which induce IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) with antiviral properties. Among the three classes of IFNs, type III IFNs, also called IFN lambdas (IFNLs), are an essential component of the innate immune response to hepatitis C virus (HCV). In particular, human polymorphisms in IFNL gene loci correlate with hepatitis C disease progression and with treatment response. To date, the underlying mechanisms remain mostly elusive; however it seems clear that viral infection of the liver induces IFNL responses. As IFNL receptors show a more restricted tissue expression than receptors for other classes of IFNs, IFNL treatment has reduced side effects compared to the classical type I IFN treatment. In HCV therapy, however, IFNL will likely not play an important role as highly effective direct acting antivirals (DAA) exist. Here, we will review our current knowledge on IFNL gene expression, protein properties, signaling, ISG induction, and its implications on HCV infection and treatment. Finally, we will discuss the lessons learnt from the HCV and IFNL field for virus infections beyond hepatitis C.
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138
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Pouryasin M, Sharafi H, Behnava B, Alavian SM, Keshvari M, Pouryasin A. A Simple PCR-RFLP Method for Genotyping of IFNL4 rs368234815 Polymorphism in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C. Lab Med 2017; 48:51-56. [PMID: 28057801 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmw060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IFNL4 rs368234815 polymorphism plays a prominent role in spontaneous and treatment-induced clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study aimed to develop a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method for assessment of rs368234815 polymorphism. METHODS We genotyped the rs368234815 polymorphism in 87 patients with chronic HCV by PCR sequencing and PCR-RFLP methods, simultaneously. RESULTS Genotyping of IFNL4 rs368234815 via PCR-RFLP was concordant with PCR sequencing in all 87 individuals (100%). The analytical sensitivity and specificity of the developed PCR-RFLP method for genotyping of rs368234815 polymorphism were each 100%. Among these patients with chronic HCV, the frequency of rs368234815 TT/TT, TT/ΔG, and ΔG/ΔG were 44.8%, 37.9%, and 17.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The PCR-RFLP method that we developed is accurate, rapid, inexpensive, and easy to perform for genotyping of the IFNL4 rs368234815 polymorphism. This method can be used for clinical and research work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Pouryasin
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Armin Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heidar Sharafi
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Armin Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran.,Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Behnava
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Keshvari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Pouryasin
- Armin Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, Iran, .,Department of Biology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran
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139
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Spontaneous Elimination of Hepatitis C Virus Infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1039:45-54. [PMID: 29164488 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the etiological agent of chronic hepatitis C and a major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Only a minority of infected individuals can clear the virus spontaneously. The knowledge of the determinants of virus clearance would allow the development of effective methods preventing its further spread and optimizing treatment regimens. Viral factors associated with spontaneous virus clearance in the acute phase of infection, such as HCV genotype, virus heterogeneity, and the impact of viral proteins on the immune system have been characterized. Likewise, host genetic markers, such as the interleukin genotypes, HLA alleles, and factors affecting the T lymphocyte response appear to play an important role. Studies have revealed that natural clearance of HCV infection in the chronic phase is rare and its mechanisms are not well understood. In this review, we present the state-of-the art knowledge on the viral and host factors affecting the spontaneous elimination of HCV infection.
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140
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Boisvert M, Shoukry NH. Type III Interferons in Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2016; 7:628. [PMID: 28066437 PMCID: PMC5179541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN)-λ family of type III cytokines includes the closely related interleukin (IL)-28A (IFN-λ2), IL-28B (IFN-λ3), and IL-29 (IFN-λ1). They signal through the Janus kinases (JAK)-signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway and promote an antiviral state by the induction of expression of several interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Contrary to type I IFNs, the effect of IFN-λ cytokines is largely limited to epithelial cells due to the restricted pattern of expression of their specific receptor. Several genome-wide association studies have established a strong correlation between polymorphism in the region of IL-28B gene (encoding for IFN-λ3) and both spontaneous and therapeutic IFN-mediated clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but the mechanism(s) underlying this enhanced viral clearance are not fully understood. IFN-λ3 directly inhibits HCV replication, and in vitro studies suggest that polymorphism in the IFN-λ3 and its recently identified overlapping IFN-λ4 govern the pattern of ISGs induced upon HCV infection of hepatocytes. IFN-λ can also be produced by dendritic cells, and apart from its antiviral action on hepatocytes, it can regulate the inflammatory response of monocytes/macrophages, thus acting at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we review the current state of knowledge about the role of IFN-λ cytokines in mediating and regulating the immune response during acute and chronic HCV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Boisvert
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) , Montréal, QC , Canada
| | - Naglaa H Shoukry
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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141
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Boesecke C, Ingiliz P, Reiberger T, Stellbrink HJ, Bhagani S, Page E, Mauss S, Lutz T, Voigt E, Guiguet M, Valantin MA, Baumgarten A, Nelson M, Vogel M, Rockstroh JK. Dual treatment of acute HCV infection in HIV co-infection: influence of HCV genotype upon treatment outcome. Infection 2016; 44:93-101. [PMID: 26481253 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-015-0856-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE With DAAs still only being licensed for chronic HCV infection, the ongoing epidemic of acute hepatitis C (AHC) infection among MSM highlights the need to identify factors allowing for optimal HCV treatment outcome. METHODS 303 HIV-infected patients from 4 European countries with diagnosed acute HCV infection were treated early with pegylated interferon (pegIFN) and ribavirin (RBV) (n = 273) or pegylated interferon alone (n = 30). RESULTS All patients were male, median age was 39 years. Main routes of transmission were MSM (95%) and IVDU (3%). 69% of patients were infected with HCV GT 1, 4.3% with GT 2, 10.6% with GT 3, 16.1% with GT 4. Overall SVR rate was 69.3% (210/303). RVR (p ≤ 0.001), 48-w treatment duration (p ≤ 0.001) and GT 2/3 (p = 0.024) were significantly associated with SVR. SVR rates were significantly higher in HCV GT 2/3 receiving pegIFN and RBV (33/35) when compared with pegIFN mono-therapy (6/10) (94% vs. 60 % respectively; p = 0.016). In multivariate analysis, pegIFN/RBV combination therapy (p = 0.017) and rapid virological response (RVR) (p = 0.022) were significantly associated with SVR in HCV GT 2/3. In HCV GT 1/4, RVR (p ≤ 0.001) and 48-w treatment duration (p ≤ 0.001) were significantly associated with SVR. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of AHC GT 2 and 3 infections with pegIFN/RBV is associated with higher SVR rates suggesting different cure rates depending on HCV genotype similar to the genotype effects seen previously in chronic HCV under pegIFN/RBV. With pegIFN/RBV still being the gold standard of AHC treatment and in light of cost issues around DAAs and very limited licensed interferon-free DAA treatment options for chronic HCV GT 3 infection AHC GT 3 patients might benefit most from early interferon-containing treatment.
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142
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Yamagiwa Y, Asano M, Kawasaki Y, Korenaga M, Murata K, Kanto T, Mizokami M, Masaki N. Pretreatment serum levels of interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 are associated with virologic response to telaprevir-based therapy. Cytokine 2016; 88:29-36. [PMID: 27541605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM Telaprevir (TVR) remarkably improves the efficacy of interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Interleukin-28B (IL28B) genotype and interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) level predict virologic response to peg-interferon (Peg-IFN)/ribavirin (RBV) therapy. We aimed to investigate the usefulness of pretreatment serum IP-10 levels and IL28B genotyping in predicting sustained virologic response (SVR) to TVR-based triple therapy. METHODS In this multi-center study, patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 with high viral load (⩾5.0logIU/mL) were treated with TVR for 12weeks and Peg-IFN/RBV for 24weeks in Japan. IL28B genotype, serum IP-10 levels, other clinical parameters, and drug dosages were assessed before treatment. RESULTS We included 121 patients who were treated with TVR for at least 8weeks and Peg-IFN/RBV for 24weeks. The median IP-10 levels were significantly lower in rapid virologic response (RVR) or SVR in the IL28B non-TT genotype group, with no significant difference in the TT genotype group. RVR rates were significantly lower in the group with higher serum IP-10 levels (>450pg/mL). In the non-TT IL28B genotype group, RVR and SVR rates were significantly lower in the group with higher IP-10 levels. SVR rates in the group with lower IP-10 levels (<450pg/mL) increased to 82% for those showing RVR, but reduced to 27% in the group with higher IP-10 levels for those not showing RVR. CONCLUSIONS Determination of serum IP-10 levels before treatment could be useful for predicting favorable virologic response to TVR-based triple therapy, especially in patients with IL28B non-TT genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamagiwa
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan.
| | - Mai Asano
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Youhei Kawasaki
- Department of Drug Evaluation & Informatics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Masaaki Korenaga
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Murata
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kanto
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Naohiko Masaki
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
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Ibrahim MK, Salama H, Abd El Rahman M, Dawood RM, Bader El Din NG, Salem HF, Abdelrahim MEA, Omran D, Omran MH, El-Wakeel KH, Abdelhafez TH, Khedr A, El Awady MK. Three Gene Signature for Predicting the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronically Infected Hepatitis C Virus Patients. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:698-705. [PMID: 27726464 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). At present, there is no predictive biomarker for the patients at high risk of developing HCC. In this study, we examined the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 3 innate immunity genes [2'-5'oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) rs10774671, interleukin 28B (IL28B) rs12979860, and low molecular mass polypeptide 7 (LMP-7) at codon 49] besides cytomegalovirus (CMV) coinfection and susceptibility to HCC in genotype 4 (GT4) chronically infected Egyptian patients. SNPs were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in DNA from HCC patients (n = 34) and compared with either controls (n = 70) or patients with early grades of liver fibrosis (n = 49). Our results demonstrated that patients bearing the genetic combination consisting of LMP-7 CA/AA [OR 4.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.443-15.631, P = 0.007] and IL28B rs12979860 CT/TT (OR 6.00, 95% CI 1.603-22.455, P = 0.004) and positive for CMV viremia (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.151-8.412, P = 0.02) were more likely to have HCC. However, OAS1 rs10774671 does not seem to contribute to the development of HCC. Binary regression analysis indicated that HCC risk significantly increases with the presence of each unfavorable genotype (LMP-7 CA/AA, IL28B rs12979860 CT/TT), when accompanied by the existence of CMV coinfection (probability of HCC risk is 0.8 for combined factors versus 0.14, 0.07, and 0.07 for individual factor IL28B, LMP-7, and CMV; respectively). These data suggest that the 2 SNPs and the coinfection in concert have potential in predicting the risk of HCC development in patients infected with HCV GT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa K Ibrahim
- 1 Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre , Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hosny Salama
- 2 Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Egypt
| | - Mohamad Abd El Rahman
- 3 Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI) , Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham M Dawood
- 1 Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre , Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha G Bader El Din
- 1 Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre , Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba F Salem
- 4 Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E A Abdelrahim
- 5 Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University , Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Dalia Omran
- 2 Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Egypt
| | - Moataza H Omran
- 1 Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre , Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled Helmi El-Wakeel
- 6 Medical Research Division, Biological Anthropology Department, National Research Centre , Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tawfeek H Abdelhafez
- 1 Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre , Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Khedr
- 1 Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre , Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa K El Awady
- 1 Genetic Engineering Division, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre , Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type-III interferons (IFN-λ), the most recently discovered family of IFNs, shares common features with other family members, but also has many distinctive activities. IFN-λ uniquely has a different receptor complex, and a more focused pattern of tissue expression and signaling effects, from other classes of IFNs. Multiple genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and subsequent validation reports suggest a pivotal role for polymorphisms near the IFNL3 gene in hepatitis C clearance and control, as also for several other epithelial cell tropic viruses. Apart from its antiviral activity, IFN-λ possesses anti-tumor, immune-inflammatory and homeostatic functions. The overlapping effects of IFN-λ with type I IFN, with a restricted tissue expression pattern renders IFN-λ an attractive therapeutic target for viral infection, cancer and autoimmune diseases, with limited side effects. Areas covered: This review will summarize the current and future therapeutic opportunities offered by this most recently discovered family of interferons. Expert opinion: Our knowledge on IFN-λ is rapidly expanding. Though there are many remaining questions and challenges that require elucidation, the unique characteristics of IFN-λ increases enthusiasm that multiple therapeutic options will emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Eslam
- a Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research , Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - Jacob George
- a Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research , Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
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145
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Jarret A, McFarland AP, Horner SM, Kell A, Schwerk J, Hong M, Badil S, Joslyn RC, Baker DP, Carrington M, Hagedorn CH, Gale M, Savan R. Hepatitis-C-virus-induced microRNAs dampen interferon-mediated antiviral signaling. Nat Med 2016; 22:1475-1481. [PMID: 27841874 PMCID: PMC5551900 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects 200 million people globally, and 60-80% of cases persist as a chronic infection that will progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer in 2-10% of patients. We recently demonstrated that HCV induces aberrant expression of two host microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-208b and miR-499a-5p, encoded by myosin genes in infected hepatocytes. These miRNAs, along with AU-rich-element-mediated decay, suppress IFNL2 and IFNL3, members of the type III interferon (IFN) gene family, to support viral persistence. In this study, we show that miR-208b and miR-499a-5p also dampen type I IFN signaling in HCV-infected hepatocytes by directly down-regulating expression of the type I IFN receptor chain, IFNAR1. Inhibition of these miRNAs by using miRNA inhibitors during HCV infection increased expression of IFNAR1. Additionally, inhibition rescued the antiviral response to exogenous type I IFN, as measured by a marked increase in IFN-stimulated genes and a decrease in HCV load. Treatment of HCV-infected hepatocytes with type I IFN increased expression of myosins over HCV infection alone. Since these miRNAs can suppress type III IFN family members, these data collectively define a novel cross-regulation between type I and III IFNs during HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Jarret
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adelle P McFarland
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stacy M Horner
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alison Kell
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Johannes Schwerk
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - MeeAe Hong
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Samantha Badil
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rochelle C Joslyn
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Mary Carrington
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Leidos Biomedical Research-Frederick, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Curt H Hagedorn
- Department of Medicine and Genetics Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and The Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ram Savan
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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146
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von Köckritz L, Dufour JF. Management of chronic hepatitis C in 2017. Hamostaseologie 2016; 37:186-195. [PMID: 27896359 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-16-07-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) represents one of the most common aetiologies of chronic liver disease and causes a major global health burden. Globally an estimated 80 million people are chronically infected, but the majority of whom is still undiagnosed. Prior to the discovery of the virus in 1989 a significant number of patients were exposed and consecutively infected with HCV via contaminated transfusions, as it is a blood-borne disease. Chronic HCV infection pursues a progressive course that ultimately results in the development of cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), if left untreated. The efficiency and tolerability of therapeutical approaches improved considerably with the development of direct-acting antivirals (DAA). The majority of patients treated with the recommended DAA combinations can be cured, which is reflected in achievement of sustained virological response (SVR). This review is intended to provide guidance in the management of patients with chronic hepatitis C, including recommendations for adequate screening, diagnostic procedures, clinical care, treatment and follow-up strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Prof. Dr. med. Jean-François Dufour, MD, Hepatology, University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland, Phone: +41316328026; Fax: +41316327489, E-mail:
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147
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Mangia A, De Ledinghen V, Bailly F, Brahm J, Keiss J, Valantinas J, Rasmann N, Messinger D, Tatsch F, Bakalos G, Foster GR. IL28B genotype is associated with cirrhosis or transition to cirrhosis in treatment-naive patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection: the international observational Gen-C study. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1990. [PMID: 27917361 PMCID: PMC5116020 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and purpose Contradictory data exist on the association between host interleukin-28B (IL28B) rs12979860 genotype and liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). This large, international, observational study (NCT01675427/MV25600) investigated relationships between IL28B rs12979860 genotype and liver fibrosis stage in CHC patients. Methods A total of 3003 adult, treatment-naive CHC patients were enrolled into the study. Patients made one study visit to provide a blood sample for genotyping; other data were obtained from medical records. Results 2916 patients comprised the analysis population; the majority were enrolled in Europe (n = 2119), were Caucasian (n = 2582) and had hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (G)1 infection (n = 1702) (G2 = 323, G3 = 574, G4 = 260). Distribution of IL28B genotypes varied according to region of enrolment, patient ethnicity and HCV genotype. A significant association was observed between increasing number of IL28B T alleles and the prevalence of cirrhosis/transition to cirrhosis (based on biopsy or non-invasive assessments) in G1-infected patients (CC = 22.2% [111/499], CT = 27.5% [255/928], TT = 32.3% [87/269]; p = 0.0018). The association was significant in the large subgroup of European Caucasian G1 patients (n = 1245) but not in the smaller Asian (n = 25), Latin American (n = 137) or Middle Eastern (n = 289) G1 subgroups. IL28B genotype was not associated with liver fibrosis stage in patients with HCV G2, G3 or G4 infection. Conclusion This large, international study found that IL28B rs12979860 genotype is significantly associated with liver fibrosis stage in CHC patients with HCV G1 infection. This association was evident in European Caucasians but not in G1-infected patients from Asia, Latin America or the Middle East. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40064-016-3663-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mangia
- Liver Unit, IRCCS Hospital 'Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza', San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Italy
| | | | - François Bailly
- Hepatology Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Nord, CHU Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Javier Brahm
- Gastroenterology Department, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, 8380456 Chile
| | - Jazeps Keiss
- Latvian Centre of Infectious Diseases, LLC Riga East University Hospital, Riga, 1006 Latvia
| | - Jonas Valantinas
- Centre of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Dietetics, Vilnius University, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nele Rasmann
- Center for Infectious Diseases, West Tallinn Central Hospital, 10617 Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Fernando Tatsch
- Global Medical Affairs, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4074 Basel, Switzerland ; AbbVie, North Chicago, IL USA
| | - Georgios Bakalos
- Global Product Development Medical Affairs, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4074 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Graham R Foster
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT UK
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Hong M, Schwerk J, Lim C, Kell A, Jarret A, Pangallo J, Loo YM, Liu S, Hagedorn CH, Gale M, Savan R. Interferon lambda 4 expression is suppressed by the host during viral infection. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2539-2552. [PMID: 27799623 PMCID: PMC5110018 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) lambdas are critical antiviral effectors in hepatic and mucosal infections. Although IFNλ1, IFNλ2, and IFNλ3 act antiviral, genetic association studies have shown that expression of the recently discovered IFNL4 is detrimental to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection through a yet unknown mechanism. Intriguingly, human IFNL4 harbors a genetic variant that introduces a premature stop codon. We performed a molecular and biochemical characterization of IFNλ4 to determine its role and regulation of expression. We found that IFNλ4 exhibits similar antiviral activity to IFNλ3 without negatively affecting antiviral IFN activity or cell survival. We show that humans deploy several mechanisms to limit expression of functional IFNλ4 through noncoding splice variants and nonfunctional protein isoforms. Furthermore, protein-coding IFNL4 mRNA are not loaded onto polyribosomes and lack a strong polyadenylation signal, resulting in poor translation efficiency. This study provides mechanistic evidence that humans suppress IFNλ4 expression, suggesting that immune function is dependent on other IFNL family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- MeeAe Hong
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Johannes Schwerk
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Chrissie Lim
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Alison Kell
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Abigail Jarret
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Joseph Pangallo
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Yueh-Ming Loo
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Shuanghu Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Curt H Hagedorn
- Department of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205
- Genetics Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Ram Savan
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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149
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Mah YH, Liu CH, Chen CL, Tseng TC, Liu CJ, Chen PJ, Chen DS, Kao JH. Prevalence and clinical implications of IL28B genotypes in Taiwanese patients with chronic hepatitis C. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 115:953-960. [PMID: 27751759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Clinical implications of IL28B gene in Taiwanese chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients remain unknown. We thus investigated the prevalence and clinical implications of IL28B rs8099917 genotypes in CHC patients with different hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and healthy controls. METHODS A total of 200 HCV genotype 1 patients and 200 HCV genotype 2 patients who received liver biopsy, as well as 197 healthy controls were enrolled to determine the frequencies of IL28B rs8099917 genotypes. In addition, the association of IL28B rs8099917 genotype with baseline data, including HCV RNA level, HCV genotype, histological activity grade, fibrosis stage, and body mass index, were evaluated and further stratified by covariant factors. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, CHC patients had a lower prevalence rate of favorable IL28B rs8099917 TT genotype (81.0% vs. 89.3%, p = 0.025). In addition, the prevalence rates of favorable TT genotype in patients with HCV genotypes 1 and 2 were 76.0% and 86.0%, respectively (p = 0.007). Using ordered logistic regression analysis, higher fibrosis stages were found to be associated with a lower prevalence of TT genotype (p = 0.033), but not histological activity grades (p = 0.748). The association with fibrosis stages was more pronounced in female patients (p = 0.024). CONCLUSION In Taiwan, CHC patients have a lower frequency of favorable IL28B TT genotype than healthy controls. Among patients with CHC, the frequency of TT genotype is higher in HCV genotype 2 patients than in HCV genotype 1 patients. In addition, CHC patients with TT genotype, particularly females, have a lower likelihood of advanced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yone-Han Mah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Lotung St Mary's Hospital, I-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hua Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chung Tseng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Shinn Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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150
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Mehta M, Hetta HF, Abdel-Hameed EA, Rouster SD, Hossain M, Mekky MA, Khalil NK, Mohamed WA, El-Feky MA, Ahmed SH, Daef EA, El-Mokhtar MA, Abdelwahab SF, Medhat A, Sherman KE, Shata MTM. Association between IL28B rs12979860 single nucleotide polymorphism and the frequency of colonic Treg in chronically HCV-infected patients. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3161-9. [PMID: 27544760 PMCID: PMC5035222 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The IL28B gene is associated with spontaneous or treatment-induced HCV viral clearance. However, the mechanism by which the IL28B single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) affects the extra-hepatic HCV immune responses and its relationship to HCV pathogenesis have not been thoroughly investigated. To examine the mechanism by which IL28B affects HCV clearance. Forty Egyptian patients with chronic HCV infection receiving an Interferon/ribavirin treatment regimen were enrolled into this study. There were two groups: non-responders (NR; n = 20) and sustained virologic responders (SVR; n = 20). The initial plasma HCV viral loads prior to treatment and IL28B genotypes were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and sequencing, respectively. Liver biopsies were examined to determine the inflammatory score and the stage of fibrosis. Colonic regulatory T cell (Treg) frequency was estimated by immunohistochemistry. No significant association between IL28B genotypes and response to therapy was identified, despite an odds ratio of 3.4 to have the TT genotype in NR compared to SVR (95 % confidence interval 0.3-35.3, p = 0.3). Patients with the TT-IL28Brs12979860 genotype (unfavorable genotype) have significantly higher frequencies of colonic Treg compared to the CT (p = 0.04) and CC (p = 0.03) genotypes. The frequency of colonic Treg cells in HCV-infected patients had a strong association with the IL-28B genotype and may have a significant impact on HCV clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minesh Mehta
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert B. Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert B. Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Enass A Abdel-Hameed
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert B. Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA
| | - Susan D Rouster
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert B. Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA
| | - MdMonir Hossain
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mohamed A Mekky
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nasr K Khalil
- Assiut Liver Institute for Treatment of Hepatitis C, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wegdan A Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Feky
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shabaan H Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Enas A Daef
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sayed F Abdelwahab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Medhat
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Kenneth E Sherman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert B. Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA
| | - Mohamed Tarek M Shata
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert B. Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Saint James School of Medicine, Saint Vincent, Arnos Vale, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
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