101
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼22 nt RNAs that direct posttranscriptional repression of mRNA targets in diverse eukaryotic lineages. In humans and other mammals, these small RNAs help sculpt the expression of most mRNAs. This article reviews advances in our understanding of the defining features of metazoan miRNAs and their biogenesis, genomics, and evolution. It then reviews how metazoan miRNAs are regulated, how they recognize and cause repression of their targets, and the biological functions of this repression, with a compilation of knockout phenotypes that shows that important biological functions have been identified for most of the broadly conserved miRNAs of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Bartel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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102
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Kostyniuk DJ, Culbert BM, Mennigen JA, Gilmour KM. Social status affects lipid metabolism in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R241-R255. [PMID: 29561648 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00402.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) confined in pairs form social hierarchies in which socially subordinate fish display characteristic traits, including reduced growth rates and altered glucose metabolism. These effects are, in part, mediated by chronically elevated cortisol levels and/or reduced feeding. To determine the effects of social status on lipid metabolism, trout were held in pairs for 4 days, following which organismal and liver-specific indexes of lipid metabolism were measured. At the organismal level, circulating triglycerides were elevated in dominant trout, whereas subordinate trout exhibited elevated concentrations of circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) and lowered plasma total cholesterol levels. At the molecular level, increased expression of lipogenic genes in dominant trout and cpt1a in subordinate trout was identified, suggesting a contribution of increased de novo lipogenesis to circulating triglycerides in dominant trout and reliance on circulating FFAs for β-oxidation in the liver of subordinates. Given the emerging importance of microRNAs (miRNA) in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism, candidate miRNAs were profiled, revealing increased expression of the lipogenic miRNA-33 in dominant fish. Because the Akt-TOR-S6-signaling pathway is an important upstream regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism, its signaling activity was quantified. However, the only difference detected among groups was a strong increase in S6 phosphorylation in subordinate trout. In general, the changes observed in lipid metabolism of subordinates were not mimicked by either cortisol treatment or fasting alone, indicating the existence of specific, emergent effects of subordinate social status itself on this fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brett M Culbert
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario , Canada
| | - Jan A Mennigen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario , Canada
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103
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Chu M, Zhao Y, Yu S, Hao Y, Zhang P, Feng Y, Zhang H, Ma D, Liu J, Cheng M, Li L, Shen W, Cao H, Li Q, Min L. MicroRNA-221 may be involved in lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:118-127. [PMID: 29474925 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Milk lipids, important for infant growth and development, are produced and secreted by mammary gland under the regulation of steroid hormones, growth factors, and microRNAs (miRNAs). miR-221 has been identified in milk and adipocytes and it plays important roles in regulating normal mammary epithelial hierarchy and breast cancer stem cells; however, its roles in lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells (MECs), the cells of lipid synthesis and secretion, are as yet unknown. Through overexpression or inhibition of miR-221 expression, we found that it regulated lipid metabolism in MECs and was expressed differentially at various stages during murine mammary gland development. Inhibition of miR-221 expression increased lipid content in MECs through elevation of the lipid synthesis enzyme FASN, while overexpression of miR-221 reduced MEC lipid content. Moreover, the steroid hormones estradiol and progesterone decreased miR-221 expression with a subsequent increase in lipid formation in MECs. The expression of miR-221 was lower during lactation, which suggests that it may be involved in milk production. Therefore, miR-221 might be a useful target for influencing milk lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiang Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yanan Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yanni Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dongxue Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Core Laboratories of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Qingdao Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Qingdao, 266000, PR China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfang Cao
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu, 271100, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu, 271100, PR China
| | - Lingjiang Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
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104
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Osteoblast-targeted delivery of miR-33-5p attenuates osteopenia development induced by mechanical unloading in mice. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:170. [PMID: 29415986 PMCID: PMC5833703 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating osteoblasts and bone metabolism. However, the effects of miRNAs in osteoblast mechanotransduction remain to be defined. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effect of miR-33-5p in osteoblasts and tested its anti-osteopenia effect when delivered by an osteoblast-targeting delivery system in vivo. First, we demonstrated that miR-33-5p could promote the activity and mineralization of osteoblasts without influencing their proliferation in vitro. Then our data showed that supplementing miR-33-5p in osteoblasts by a targeted delivery system partially recovered the osteopenia induced by mechanical unloading at the biochemical, microstructural, and biomechanical levels. In summary, our findings demonstrate that miR-33-5p is a key factor in the occurrence and development of the osteopenia induced by mechanical unloading. In addition, targeted delivery of the mimics of miR-33-5p is a promising new strategy for the treatment of pathological osteopenia.
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105
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Zaiou M, El Amri H, Bakillah A. The clinical potential of adipogenesis and obesity-related microRNAs. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:91-111. [PMID: 29170059 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health problem commonly associated with numerous metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and some forms of cancer. The burden of obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases are believed to arise through complex interplay between genetics and epigenetics predisposition, nutrition, environment, and lifestyle. However, the molecular basis and the repertoire of obesity-affecting factors are still unknown. Emerging evidence is connecting microRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulation with adipogenesis and obesity. Alteration in miRNAs expression could result in changes in the pattern of genes controlling a range of biological processes including inflammation, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and adipogenesis. Hence, understanding exact roles of miRNAs as well as the degree of their contribution to the regulation of adipogenesis and fat cell development in obesity would provide new therapeutic targets for the development of novel and effective anti-obesity drugs. The objective of the current review is to: (i) discuss some of the latest development on relevant miRNAs dysregulation mainly in human adipogenesis and obesity, (ii) emphasize the role of circulating miRNAs as new promising therapeutics and attractive potential biomarkers for treating obesity and associated risk factor diseases, (iii) describe how dietary factors may influence obesity through modulation of miRNAs expression, (iv) highlight some of the actual limitations to the promise of miRNAs as novel therapeutics as well as to their translation for the benefit of patients, and finally (v) provide recommendations for future research on miRNA-based therapeutics that could lead to a breakthrough in the treatment of obesity and its associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zaiou
- Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Albert Lebrun, 54000, Nancy, France.
| | - H El Amri
- Laboratoire de Génétique de la Gendarmerie Royale, Avenue Ibn Sina, Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Bakillah
- State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Department of Medicine, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
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106
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Singh AK, Aryal B, Zhang X, Fan Y, Price NL, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. Posttranscriptional regulation of lipid metabolism by non-coding RNAs and RNA binding proteins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 81:129-140. [PMID: 29183708 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in lipoprotein metabolism enhance the risk of cardiometabolic disorders including type-2 diabetes and atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in Western societies. While the transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism has been well characterized, recent studies have uncovered the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs), long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and RNA binding proteins (RBP) in regulating the expression of lipid-related genes at the posttranscriptional level. Work from several groups has identified a number of miRNAs, including miR-33, miR-122 and miR-148a, that play a prominent role in controlling cholesterol homeostasis and lipoprotein metabolism. Importantly, dysregulation of miRNA expression has been associated with dyslipidemia, suggesting that manipulating the expression of these miRNAs could be a useful therapeutic approach to ameliorate cardiovascular disease (CVD). The role of lncRNAs in regulating lipid metabolism has recently emerged and several groups have demonstrated their regulation of lipoprotein metabolism. However, given the high abundance of lncRNAs and the poor-genetic conservation between species, much work will be needed to elucidate the specific role of lncRNAs in controlling lipoprotein metabolism. In this review article, we summarize recent findings in the field and highlight the specific contribution of lncRNAs and RBPs in regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek K Singh
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Binod Aryal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yuhua Fan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA; College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University -Daqing, 163000, PR China
| | - Nathan L Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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107
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Abstract
Cellular lipid metabolism and homeostasis are controlled by sterol regulatory-element binding proteins (SREBPs). In addition to performing canonical functions in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the biosynthesis and uptake of lipids, genome-wide system analyses have revealed that these versatile transcription factors act as important nodes of convergence and divergence within biological signalling networks. Thus, they are involved in myriad physiological and pathophysiological processes, highlighting the importance of lipid metabolism in biology. Changes in cell metabolism and growth are reciprocally linked through SREBPs. Anabolic and growth signalling pathways branch off and connect to multiple steps of SREBP activation and form complex regulatory networks. In addition, SREBPs are implicated in numerous pathogenic processes such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis, and in this way, they contribute to obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of SREBPs in physiology and pathophysiology at the cell, organ and organism levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sato
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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108
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Chu M, Zhao Y, Feng Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Cheng M, Li L, Shen W, Cao H, Li Q, Min L. MicroRNA-126 participates in lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 454:77-86. [PMID: 28599789 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are a major component of milk and are important for infant growth and development. MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) has previously been observed in mammary glands and adipocytes and is known to be involved in lipid metabolism during the process of atherosclerosis. However, it remains unknown whether miR-126 also participates in lipid metabolism in mammary luminal epithelial cells (MECs). In the current investigation, miR-126-3p inhibition stimulated lipid synthesis in MECs in part through increasing levels of the lipid synthesis enzymes FASN, ACSL1, and Insig1. Overexpression of miR-126-3p decreased lipid content in MECs with a reduction in FASN and Insig1. Furthermore, the expression of miR-126-3p was diminished by the steroid hormones estradiol and progesterone with a subsequent elevation of lipid formation in MECs. We also noted that miR-126-3p was expressed differentially at various stages of murine mammary gland development, exhibiting a negative correlation with FASN. Together these findings suggest that miR-126-3 might be involved in lipid metabolism in mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiang Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Yanni Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Core Laboratories of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Qingdao Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Lan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hongfang Cao
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu 271100, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Laiwu Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Laiwu 271100, PR China
| | - Lingjiang Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China.
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109
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Huang K, Bao H, Yan ZQ, Wang L, Zhang P, Yao QP, Shi Q, Chen XH, Wang KX, Shen BR, Qi YX, Jiang ZL. MicroRNA-33 protects against neointimal hyperplasia induced by arterial mechanical stretch in the grafted vein. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:488-497. [PMID: 28137944 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Mechanical factors play significant roles in neointimal hyperplasia after vein grafting, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the roles of microRNA-33 (miR-33) in neointimal hyperplasia induced by arterial mechanical stretch after vein grafting. Methods and results Grafted veins were generated by the 'cuff' technique. Neointimal hyperplasia and cell proliferation was significantly increased, and miR-33 expression was decreased after 1-, 2-, and 4-week grafts. In contrast, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 3 (BMP3), which is a putative target of miR-33, and the phosphorylation of smad2 and smad5, which are potential downstream targets of BMP3, were increased in the grafted veins. miR-33 mimics/inhibitor and dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed the interaction of miR-33 and BMP3. miR-33 mimics attenuated, while miR-33 inhibitor accelerated, proliferation of venous smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Moreover, recombinant BMP3 increased SMC proliferation and P-smad2 and P-smad5 levels, whereas BMP3-directed siRNAs had the opposite effect. Then, venous SMCs were exposed to a 10%-1.25 Hz cyclic stretch (arterial stretch) by using the FX4000 cyclic stretch loading system in vitro to mimic arterial mechanical conditions. The arterial stretch increased venous SMC proliferation and repressed miR-33 expression, but enhanced BMP3 expression and smad2 and smad5 phosphorylation. Furthermore, perivascular multi-point injection in vivo demonstrated that agomiR-33 not only attenuates BMP3 expression and smad2 and smad5 phosphorylation, but also slows neointimal formation and cell proliferation in grafted veins. These effects of agomiR-33 on grafted veins could be reversed by local injection of BMP3 lentivirus. Conclusion The miR-33-BMP3-smad signalling pathway protects against venous SMC proliferation in response to the arterial stretch. miR-33 is a target that attenuates neointimal hyperplasia in grafted vessels and may have potential clinical applications.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Animals
- Antagomirs/genetics
- Antagomirs/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Hyperplasia
- Jugular Veins/metabolism
- Jugular Veins/pathology
- Jugular Veins/transplantation
- Male
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/transplantation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/transplantation
- Neointima
- Phosphorylation
- RNA Interference
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Smad2 Protein/metabolism
- Smad5 Protein/metabolism
- Stress, Mechanical
- Time Factors
- Transfection
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110
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Nakao T, Horie T, Baba O, Nishiga M, Nishino T, Izuhara M, Kuwabara Y, Nishi H, Usami S, Nakazeki F, Ide Y, Koyama S, Kimura M, Sowa N, Ohno S, Aoki H, Hasegawa K, Sakamoto K, Minatoya K, Kimura T, Ono K. Genetic Ablation of MicroRNA-33 Attenuates Inflammation and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation via Several Anti-Inflammatory Pathways. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:2161-2170. [PMID: 28882868 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an increasingly prevalent and ultimately fatal disease with no effective pharmacological treatment. Because matrix degradation induced by vascular inflammation is the major pathophysiology of AAA, attenuation of this inflammation may improve its outcome. Previous studies suggested that miR-33 (microRNA-33) inhibition and genetic ablation of miR-33 increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and attenuated atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS MiR-33a-5p expression in central zone of human AAA was higher than marginal zone. MiR-33 deletion attenuated AAA formation in both mouse models of angiotensin II- and calcium chloride-induced AAA. Reduced macrophage accumulation and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression were observed in calcium chloride-induced AAA walls in miR-33-/- mice. In vitro experiments revealed that peritoneal macrophages from miR-33-/- mice showed reduced matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression levels via c-Jun N-terminal kinase inactivation. Primary aortic vascular smooth muscle cells from miR-33-/- mice showed reduced monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase attenuation. Both of the inactivation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were possibly because of the increase of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 that is a well-known target of miR-33. Moreover, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol derived from miR-33-/- mice reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in macrophages and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Bone marrow transplantation experiments indicated that miR-33-deficient bone marrow cells ameliorated AAA formation in wild-type recipients. MiR-33 deficiency in recipient mice was also shown to contribute the inhibition of AAA formation. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly suggest that inhibition of miR-33 will be effective as a novel strategy for treating AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Nakao
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Takahiro Horie
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Osamu Baba
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Masataka Nishiga
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Masayasu Izuhara
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Kuwabara
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hitoo Nishi
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Usami
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nakazeki
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yuya Ide
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Naoya Sowa
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Satoko Ohno
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hiroki Aoki
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sakamoto
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Kenji Minatoya
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.N., T.H., O.B., M.N., T.N., M.I., Y.K., H.N., S.U., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., N.S., T.K., K.O.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (K.S., K.M.), Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan; The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Japan (S.O., H.A.); and Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Japan.
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Boivin V, Deschamps-Francoeur G, Scott MS. Protein coding genes as hosts for noncoding RNA expression. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 75:3-12. [PMID: 28811264 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of high-throughput sequence characterization methods and the subsequent improvements in gene annotations, it is becoming increasingly clear that a large proportion of eukaryotic protein-coding genes (as many as 50% in human) serve as host genes for non-coding RNA genes. Amongst the most extensively characterized embedded non-coding RNA genes, small nucleolar RNAs and microRNAs represent abundant families. Encoded individually or clustered, in sense or antisense orientation with respect to their host and independently expressed or dependent on host expression, the genomic characteristics of embedded genes determine their biogenesis and the extent of their relationship with their host gene. Not only can host genes and the embedded genes they harbour be co-regulated and mutually modulate each other, many are functionally coupled playing a role in the same cellular pathways. And while host-non-coding RNA relationships can be highly conserved, mechanisms have been identified, and in particular an association with transposable elements, allowing the appearance of copies of non-coding genes nested in host genes, or the migration of embedded genes from one host gene to another. The study of embedded non-coding genes and their relationship with their host genes increases the complexity of cellular networks and provides important new regulatory links that are essential to properly understand cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Boivin
- Département de biochimie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Deschamps-Francoeur
- Département de biochimie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Michelle S Scott
- Département de biochimie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K8, Canada.
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The balance between induction and inhibition of mevalonate pathway regulates cancer suppression by statins: A review of molecular mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 273:273-285. [PMID: 28668359 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Statins are widely used drugs for their role in decreasing cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic patients. Statins through inhibition of Hydroxy Methyl Glutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMGCR), the main enzyme of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, inhibit mevalonate pathway that provides isoprenoids for prenylation of different proteins such as Ras superfamily which has an essential role in cancer developing. Inhibition of the mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway is the cause of the cholesterol independent effects of statins or pleotropic effects. Depending on their penetrance into the extra-hepatic cells, statins have different effects on mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway. Lipophilic statins diffuse into all cells and hydrophilic ones use a variety of membrane transporters to gain access to cells other than hepatocytes. It has been suggested that the lower accessibility of statins for extra-hepatic tissues may result in the compensatory induction of mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway and so cancer developing. However, most of the population-based studies have demonstrated that statins have no effect on cancer developing, even decrease the risk of different types of cancer. In this review we focus on the cancer developing "potentials" and the anti-cancer "activities" of statins regarding the effects of statins on mevalonate/isoprenoid pathway in the liver and extra-hepatic tissues.
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Abstract
Despite rapid advances in cardiovascular research and therapeutic strategies, ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs which post transcriptionally regulate gene expression. In the past few years, miRNAs have emerged as key tools for the understanding of the pathophysiology of IHD, with potential uses as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Several studies report a regulatory role of miRNAs, with regard to fundamental components of IHD pathogenesis and progression, such as lipoprotein metabolism, atherogenesis, vascular calcification, platelet function, and angiogenesis. Due to their high stability in biofluids, circulating miRNAs have attracted attention as promising biomarkers of IHD, especially in cardiovascular risk prediction and the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Furthermore, experimental studies have demonstrated the potential of miRNA-targeted therapy in improving hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and angiogenesis. In this review, the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in IHD and translational perspectives of their use is discussed.
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Phelps CA, Lai SC, Mu D. Roles of Thyroid Transcription Factor 1 in Lung Cancer Biology. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2017; 106:517-544. [PMID: 29407447 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1 or NKX2-1) is a transcription factor of fundamental importance in driving lung maturation and morphogenesis. In the last decade, scientists began to appreciate the functional roles of TTF-1 in lung tumorigenesis. This movement was triggered by the discoveries of genetic alterations of TTF-1 in the form of gene amplification in lung cancer. Many downstream target genes of TTF-1 relevant to the lung cancer biology of TTF-1 have been documented. One of the most surprising findings was that TTF-1 may exhibit either pro- or antitumorigenic activities, an outcome with the complexity exceeding the original anticipation purely based on the fact that TTF-1 undergoes gene amplification in lung cancer. In the coming decade, we believe, we will witness additional surprises as the research exploring the cancer roles of TTF-1 progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Phelps
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Shao-Chiang Lai
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - David Mu
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States.
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Panahi Y, Ahmadi Y, Teymouri M, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Curcumin as a potential candidate for treating hyperlipidemia: A review of cellular and metabolic mechanisms. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:141-152. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Yasin Ahmadi
- Tabriz University of Medical SciencesStudent Research CommitteeTabrizIran
| | - Manouchehr Teymouri
- Biotechnology Research Center, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Thomas P. Johnston
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of PharmacyUniversity of Missouri‐Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Work over the past decade has identified the important role of microRNAs (miRNAS) in regulating lipoprotein metabolism and associated disorders including metabolic syndrome, obesity, and atherosclerosis. This review summarizes the most recent findings in the field, highlighting the contribution of miRNAs in controlling LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS A number of miRNAs have emerged as important regulators of lipid metabolism, including miR-122 and miR-33. Work over the past 2 years has identified additional functions of miR-33 including the regulation of macrophage activation and mitochondrial metabolism. Moreover, it has recently been shown that miR-33 regulates vascular homeostasis and cardiac adaptation in response to pressure overload. In addition to miR-33 and miR-122, recent GWAS have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the proximity of miRNA genes associated with abnormal levels of circulating lipids in humans. Several of these miRNAs, such as miR-148a and miR-128-1, target important proteins that regulate cellular cholesterol metabolism, including the LDL receptor (LDLR) and the ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1). SUMMARY MicroRNAs have emerged as critical regulators of cholesterol metabolism and promising therapeutic targets for treating cardiometabolic disorders including atherosclerosis. Here, we discuss the recent findings in the field, highlighting the novel mechanisms by which miR-33 controls lipid metabolism and atherogenesis, and the identification of novel miRNAs that regulate LDL metabolism. Finally, we summarize the recent findings that identified miR-33 as an important noncoding RNA that controls cardiovascular homeostasis independent of its role in regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Aryal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Abhishek K. Singh
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Nathan Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
- Corresponding author: Carlos Fernández-Hernando. Phone: +1 (203)-737-4615.
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Ouimet M, Ediriweera H, Afonso MS, Ramkhelawon B, Singaravelu R, Liao X, Bandler RC, Rahman K, Fisher EA, Rayner KJ, Pezacki JP, Tabas I, Moore KJ. microRNA-33 Regulates Macrophage Autophagy in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1058-1067. [PMID: 28428217 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Defective autophagy in macrophages leads to pathological processes that contribute to atherosclerosis, including impaired cholesterol metabolism and defective efferocytosis. Autophagy promotes the degradation of cytoplasmic components in lysosomes and plays a key role in the catabolism of stored lipids to maintain cellular homeostasis. microRNA-33 (miR-33) is a post-transcriptional regulator of genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis, yet the complete mechanisms by which miR-33 controls lipid metabolism are unknown. We investigated whether miR-33 targeting of autophagy contributes to its regulation of cholesterol homeostasis and atherogenesis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy, we show that miR-33 drives lipid droplet accumulation in macrophages, suggesting decreased lipolysis. Inhibition of neutral and lysosomal hydrolysis pathways revealed that miR-33 reduced cholesterol mobilization by a lysosomal-dependent mechanism, implicating repression of autophagy. Indeed, we show that miR-33 targets key autophagy regulators and effectors in macrophages to reduce lipid droplet catabolism, an essential process to generate free cholesterol for efflux. Notably, miR-33 regulation of autophagy lies upstream of its known effects on ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1)-dependent cholesterol efflux, as miR-33 inhibitors fail to increase efflux upon genetic or chemical inhibition of autophagy. Furthermore, we find that miR-33 inhibits apoptotic cell clearance via an autophagy-dependent mechanism. Macrophages treated with anti-miR-33 show increased efferocytosis, lysosomal biogenesis, and degradation of apoptotic material. Finally, we show that treating atherosclerotic Ldlr-/- mice with anti-miR-33 restores defective autophagy in macrophage foam cells and plaques and promotes apoptotic cell clearance to reduce plaque necrosis. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data provide insight into the mechanisms by which miR-33 regulates cellular cholesterol homeostasis and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Ouimet
- From the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.O., H.E., M.S.A., R.C.B., K.R., E.A.F., K.J.M.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (B.R.), New York University Medical Center; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Canada (R.S., K.J.R., J.P.P.); National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (R.S., J.P.P.); Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York (X.L., I.T.); and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (K.J.R.)
| | - Hasini Ediriweera
- From the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.O., H.E., M.S.A., R.C.B., K.R., E.A.F., K.J.M.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (B.R.), New York University Medical Center; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Canada (R.S., K.J.R., J.P.P.); National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (R.S., J.P.P.); Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York (X.L., I.T.); and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (K.J.R.)
| | - Milessa Silva Afonso
- From the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.O., H.E., M.S.A., R.C.B., K.R., E.A.F., K.J.M.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (B.R.), New York University Medical Center; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Canada (R.S., K.J.R., J.P.P.); National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (R.S., J.P.P.); Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York (X.L., I.T.); and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (K.J.R.)
| | - Bhama Ramkhelawon
- From the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.O., H.E., M.S.A., R.C.B., K.R., E.A.F., K.J.M.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (B.R.), New York University Medical Center; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Canada (R.S., K.J.R., J.P.P.); National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (R.S., J.P.P.); Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York (X.L., I.T.); and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (K.J.R.)
| | - Ragunath Singaravelu
- From the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.O., H.E., M.S.A., R.C.B., K.R., E.A.F., K.J.M.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (B.R.), New York University Medical Center; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Canada (R.S., K.J.R., J.P.P.); National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (R.S., J.P.P.); Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York (X.L., I.T.); and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (K.J.R.)
| | - Xianghai Liao
- From the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.O., H.E., M.S.A., R.C.B., K.R., E.A.F., K.J.M.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (B.R.), New York University Medical Center; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Canada (R.S., K.J.R., J.P.P.); National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (R.S., J.P.P.); Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York (X.L., I.T.); and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (K.J.R.)
| | - Rachel C Bandler
- From the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.O., H.E., M.S.A., R.C.B., K.R., E.A.F., K.J.M.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (B.R.), New York University Medical Center; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Canada (R.S., K.J.R., J.P.P.); National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (R.S., J.P.P.); Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York (X.L., I.T.); and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (K.J.R.)
| | - Karishma Rahman
- From the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.O., H.E., M.S.A., R.C.B., K.R., E.A.F., K.J.M.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (B.R.), New York University Medical Center; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Canada (R.S., K.J.R., J.P.P.); National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (R.S., J.P.P.); Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York (X.L., I.T.); and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (K.J.R.)
| | - Edward A Fisher
- From the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.O., H.E., M.S.A., R.C.B., K.R., E.A.F., K.J.M.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (B.R.), New York University Medical Center; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Canada (R.S., K.J.R., J.P.P.); National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (R.S., J.P.P.); Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York (X.L., I.T.); and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (K.J.R.)
| | - Katey J Rayner
- From the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.O., H.E., M.S.A., R.C.B., K.R., E.A.F., K.J.M.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (B.R.), New York University Medical Center; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Canada (R.S., K.J.R., J.P.P.); National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (R.S., J.P.P.); Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York (X.L., I.T.); and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (K.J.R.)
| | - John P Pezacki
- From the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.O., H.E., M.S.A., R.C.B., K.R., E.A.F., K.J.M.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (B.R.), New York University Medical Center; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Canada (R.S., K.J.R., J.P.P.); National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (R.S., J.P.P.); Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York (X.L., I.T.); and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (K.J.R.)
| | - Ira Tabas
- From the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.O., H.E., M.S.A., R.C.B., K.R., E.A.F., K.J.M.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (B.R.), New York University Medical Center; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Canada (R.S., K.J.R., J.P.P.); National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (R.S., J.P.P.); Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York (X.L., I.T.); and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (K.J.R.)
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- From the Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (M.O., H.E., M.S.A., R.C.B., K.R., E.A.F., K.J.M.) and Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (B.R.), New York University Medical Center; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Canada (R.S., K.J.R., J.P.P.); National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (R.S., J.P.P.); Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York (X.L., I.T.); and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ontario, Canada (K.J.R.).
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Desgagné V, Bouchard L, Guérin R. microRNAs in lipoprotein and lipid metabolism: from biological function to clinical application. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 55:667-686. [PMID: 27987357 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (~22 nucleotides), non-coding, single-stranded RNA molecules that regulate the expression of target genes by partial sequence-specific base-pairing to the targeted mRNA 3'UTR, blocking its translation, and promoting its degradation or its sequestration into processing bodies. miRNAs are important regulators of several physiological processes including developmental and metabolic functions, but their concentration in circulation has also been reported to be altered in many pathological conditions such as familial hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancers. In this review, we focus on the role of miRNAs in lipoprotein and lipid metabolism, with special attention to the well-characterized miR-33a/b, and on the huge potential of miRNAs for clinical application as biomarkers and therapeutics in the context of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- Département de biochimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec
| | - Renée Guérin
- Département de biochimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec
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Chang TY, Yamauchi Y, Hasan MT, Chang C. Cellular cholesterol homeostasis and Alzheimer's disease. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:2239-2254. [PMID: 28298292 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r075630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in older adults. Currently, there is no cure for AD. The hallmark of AD is the accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides (especially Aβ1-42) and neurofibrillary tangles, composed of hyperphosphorylated tau and accompanied by chronic neuroinflammation. Aβ peptides are derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The oligomeric form of Aβ peptides is probably the most neurotoxic species; its accumulation eventually forms the insoluble and aggregated amyloid plaques. ApoE is the major apolipoprotein of the lipoprotein(s) present in the CNS. ApoE has three alleles, of which the Apoe4 allele constitutes the major risk factor for late-onset AD. Here we describe the complex relationship between ApoE4, oligomeric Aβ peptides, and cholesterol homeostasis. The review consists of four parts: 1) key elements involved in cellular cholesterol metabolism and regulation; 2) key elements involved in intracellular cholesterol trafficking; 3) links between ApoE4, Aβ peptides, and disturbance of cholesterol homeostasis in the CNS; 4) potential lipid-based therapeutic targets to treat AD. At the end, we recommend several research topics that we believe would help in better understanding the connection between cholesterol and AD for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Yoshio Yamauchi
- Nutri-Life Science Laboratory, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mazahir T Hasan
- Laboratory of Memory Circuits, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Zamudio, Spain
| | - Catherine Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
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Vienberg S, Geiger J, Madsen S, Dalgaard LT. MicroRNAs in metabolism. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:346-361. [PMID: 27009502 PMCID: PMC5297868 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have within the past decade emerged as key regulators of metabolic homoeostasis. Major tissues in intermediary metabolism important during development of the metabolic syndrome, such as β-cells, liver, skeletal and heart muscle as well as adipose tissue, have all been shown to be affected by miRNAs. In the pancreatic β-cell, a number of miRNAs are important in maintaining the balance between differentiation and proliferation (miR-200 and miR-29 families) and insulin exocytosis in the differentiated state is controlled by miR-7, miR-375 and miR-335. MiR-33a and MiR-33b play crucial roles in cholesterol and lipid metabolism, whereas miR-103 and miR-107 regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity. In muscle tissue, a defined number of miRNAs (miR-1, miR-133, miR-206) control myofibre type switch and induce myogenic differentiation programmes. Similarly, in adipose tissue, a defined number of miRNAs control white to brown adipocyte conversion or differentiation (miR-365, miR-133, miR-455). The discovery of circulating miRNAs in exosomes emphasizes their importance as both endocrine signalling molecules and potentially disease markers. Their dysregulation in metabolic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis stresses their potential as therapeutic targets. This review emphasizes current ideas and controversies within miRNA research in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Vienberg
- Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of HealthUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - J. Geiger
- Department of Science and EnvironmentRoskilde UniversityRoskildeDenmark
| | - S. Madsen
- Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of HealthUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - L. T. Dalgaard
- Department of Science and EnvironmentRoskilde UniversityRoskildeDenmark
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Intersections of post-transcriptional gene regulatory mechanisms with intermediary metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:349-362. [PMID: 28088440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intermediary metabolism studies have typically concentrated on four major regulatory mechanisms-substrate availability, allosteric enzyme regulation, post-translational enzyme modification, and regulated enzyme synthesis. Although transcriptional control has been a big focus, it is becoming increasingly evident that many post-transcriptional events are deeply embedded within the core regulatory circuits of enzyme synthesis/breakdown that maintain metabolic homeostasis. The prominent post-transcriptional mechanisms affecting intermediary metabolism include alternative pre-mRNA processing, mRNA stability and translation control, and the more recently discovered regulation by noncoding RNAs. In this review, we discuss the latest advances in our understanding of these diverse mechanisms at the cell-, tissue- and organismal-level. We also highlight the dynamics, complexity and non-linear nature of their regulatory roles in metabolic decision making, and deliberate some of the outstanding questions and challenges in this rapidly expanding field.
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Laffont B, Rayner KJ. MicroRNAs in the Pathobiology and Therapy of Atherosclerosis. Can J Cardiol 2017; 33:313-324. [PMID: 28232017 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short noncoding RNAs, expressed in humans and involved in sequence-specific post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They have emerged as key players in a wide array of biological processes, and changes in their expression and/or function have been associated with plethora of human diseases. Atherosclerosis and its related clinical complications, such as myocardial infarction or stroke, represent the leading cause of death in the Western world. Accumulating experimental evidence has revealed a key role for microRNAs in regulating cellular and molecular processes related to atherosclerosis development, ranging from risk factors, to plaque initiation and progression, up to atherosclerotic plaque rupture. In this review, we focus on how microRNAs can influence atherosclerosis biology, as well as the potential clinical applications of microRNAs, which are being developed as targets as well as therapeutic agents for a growing industry hoping to harness the power of RNA-guided gene regulation to fight disease and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Laffont
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katey J Rayner
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Vega-Badillo J. ALTERACIONES EN LA HOMEOSTASIS DEL COLESTEROL HEPÁTICO Y SUS IMPLICACIONES EN LA ESTEATOHEPATITIS NO ALCOHÓLICA. TIP REVISTA ESPECIALIZADA EN CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recqb.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Abstract
Diabetes is a severe condition worldwide. It is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and is caused by defects in insulin production, secretion, and action. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The pathogenesis of diabetes is complex and the underlying molecular mechanisms are only partially understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a fundamental role in diabetes and its complications. This chapter focuses on the dysregulation of miRNAs involved in the regulation of pancreatic islet insulin production and secretion as well as action and signaling in peripheral tissues. The roles of miRNAs in the development of diabetic complications are also discussed. Modulating miRNA expression, by either upregulation or inhibition, holds a promise as a strategy for treating this metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Rd., Wuhua Qu, Kunming, Yunnan, 650031, China.
| | - Daniel Miller
- School of Computing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
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Mishra PK, Ying W, Nandi SS, Bandyopadhyay GK, Patel KK, Mahata SK. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: An Immunometabolic Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:72. [PMID: 28439258 PMCID: PMC5384479 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart possesses a remarkable inherent capability to adapt itself to a wide array of genetic and extrinsic factors to maintain contractile function. Failure to sustain its compensatory responses results in cardiac dysfunction, leading to cardiomyopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and reduced diastolic function, with or without concurrent systolic dysfunction in the absence of hypertension and coronary artery disease. Changes in substrate metabolism, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, formation of extracellular matrix proteins, and advanced glycation end products constitute the early stage in DCM. These early events are followed by steatosis (accumulation of lipid droplets) in cardiomyocytes, which is followed by apoptosis, changes in immune responses with a consequent increase in fibrosis, remodeling of cardiomyocytes, and the resultant decrease in cardiac function. The heart is an omnivore, metabolically flexible, and consumes the highest amount of ATP in the body. Altered myocardial substrate and energy metabolism initiate the development of DCM. Diabetic hearts shift away from the utilization of glucose, rely almost completely on fatty acids (FAs) as the energy source, and become metabolically inflexible. Oxidation of FAs is metabolically inefficient as it consumes more energy. In addition to metabolic inflexibility and energy inefficiency, the diabetic heart suffers from impaired calcium handling with consequent alteration of relaxation-contraction dynamics leading to diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) plays a key role in excitation-contraction coupling as Ca2+ is transported into the SR by the SERCA2a (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase 2a) during cardiac relaxation. Diabetic cardiomyocytes display decreased SERCA2a activity and leaky Ca2+ release channel resulting in reduced SR calcium load. The diabetic heart also suffers from marked downregulation of novel cardioprotective microRNAs (miRNAs) discovered recently. Since immune responses and substrate energy metabolism are critically altered in diabetes, the present review will focus on immunometabolism and miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras K. Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- *Correspondence: Paras K. Mishra, ; Sushil K. Mahata,
| | - Wei Ying
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shyam Sundar Nandi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Gautam K. Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kaushik K. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- *Correspondence: Paras K. Mishra, ; Sushil K. Mahata,
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Nishiga M, Horie T, Kuwabara Y, Nagao K, Baba O, Nakao T, Nishino T, Hakuno D, Nakashima Y, Nishi H, Nakazeki F, Ide Y, Koyama S, Kimura M, Hanada R, Nakamura T, Inada T, Hasegawa K, Conway SJ, Kita T, Kimura T, Ono K. MicroRNA-33 Controls Adaptive Fibrotic Response in the Remodeling Heart by Preserving Lipid Raft Cholesterol. Circ Res 2016; 120:835-847. [PMID: 27920122 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Heart failure and atherosclerosis share the underlying mechanisms of chronic inflammation followed by fibrosis. A highly conserved microRNA (miR), miR-33, is considered as a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis because it regulates lipid metabolism and inflammation. However, the role of miR-33 in heart failure remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE To clarify the role of miR-33 involved in heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS We first investigated the expression levels of miR-33a/b in human cardiac tissue samples with dilated cardiomyopathy. Increased expression of miR-33a was associated with improving hemodynamic parameters. To clarify the role of miR-33 in remodeling hearts, we investigated the responses to pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction in miR-33-deficient (knockout [KO]) mice. When mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction, miR-33 expression levels were significantly upregulated in wild-type left ventricles. There was no difference in hypertrophic responses between wild-type and miR-33KO hearts, whereas cardiac fibrosis was ameliorated in miR-33KO hearts compared with wild-type hearts. Despite the ameliorated cardiac fibrosis, miR-33KO mice showed impaired systolic function after transverse aortic constriction. We also found that cardiac fibroblasts were mainly responsible for miR-33 expression in the heart. Deficiency of miR-33 impaired cardiac fibroblast proliferation, which was considered to be caused by altered lipid raft cholesterol content. Moreover, cardiac fibroblast-specific miR-33-deficient mice also showed decreased cardiac fibrosis induced by transverse aortic constriction as systemic miR-33KO mice. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that miR-33 is involved in cardiac remodeling, and it preserves lipid raft cholesterol content in fibroblasts and maintains adaptive fibrotic responses in the remodeling heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Nishiga
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Takahiro Horie
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Yasuhide Kuwabara
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Kazuya Nagao
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Osamu Baba
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Tetsushi Nakao
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Tomohiro Nishino
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Daihiko Hakuno
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Yasuhiro Nakashima
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Hitoo Nishi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Fumiko Nakazeki
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Yuya Ide
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Satoshi Koyama
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Ritsuko Hanada
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Tomoyuki Nakamura
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Tsukasa Inada
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Simon J Conway
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Toru Kita
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita)
| | - Koh Ono
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan (M.N., T.H., Y.K., O.B., T.Nakao, T.Nishino, D.H., Y.N., H.N., F.N., Y.I., S.K., M.K., R.H., T.Kimura, K.O.); Department of Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Japan (K.N., T.I.); Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan (T.Nakamura); Division of Translational Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Japan (K.H.); Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.J.C.); and Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (T.Kita).
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128
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Ohde D, Brenmoehl J, Walz C, Tuchscherer A, Wirthgen E, Hoeflich A. Comparative analysis of hepatic miRNA levels in male marathon mice reveals a link between obesity and endurance exercise capacities. J Comp Physiol B 2016; 186:1067-1078. [PMID: 27278158 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-1006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dummerstorf marathon mice (DUhTP) are characterized by increased accretion of peripheral body fat with fast mobilization in response to mild physical activity if running wheels were included in their home cages. The obese phenotype coincides with elevated hepatic lipogenesis if compared to unselected controls. We now asked, if microRNA (miRNA) species present in the liver may contribute to the obese phenotype of DUhTP mice and if miRNAs respond to mild physical activity in our mouse model. Total RNA was extracted from livers of sedentary or physically active marathon mice and controls and analyzed by array hybridization or real-time PCR using locked nucleic acid probes. Pathway analysis of altered miRNA concentrations identified fatty acid biosynthesis as the most important target for the effects of miRNAs in the liver. A miRNA signature consisting of miR-21, 27, 33, 122, and 143 was present at higher abundance (p < 0.01) in the liver of sedentary or active DUhTP mice indicating involvement of miRNAs with hepatic lipogenesis. Furthermore, in protein lysates from the liver of DUhTP mice, significantly reduced concentrations of total and phosphorylated AKT and lower levels of phosphorylated AMPK were found (p < 0.05). Our results indicate active involvement of miRNAs in the control of hepatic energy metabolism and discuss effects on signal transduction as a potentially direct effect of miR-143 in the liver of DUhTP mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ohde
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Julia Brenmoehl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Christina Walz
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Elisa Wirthgen
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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129
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Baldán Á, Fernández-Hernando C. Truths and controversies concerning the role of miRNAs in atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2016; 27:623-629. [PMID: 27755115 PMCID: PMC5465636 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Better tools are sorely needed for both the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, which account for more than one-third of the deaths in Western countries. MicroRNAs typically regulate the expression of several mRNAs involved in the same biological process. Therapeutic manipulation of miRNAs could restore the expression of multiple players within the same physiologic pathway, and ideally offer better curative outcomes than conventional approaches that target only one single player within the pathway. This review summarizes available studies on the prospective value of targeting miRNAs to prevent dyslipidemia and atherogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Silencing the expression of miRNAs that target key genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism in vivo with antisense oligonucleotides results in the expected de-repression of target mRNAs in liver and atherosclerotic plaques. However, the consequences of long-term antimiRNA treatment on both circulating lipoproteins and athero-protection are yet to be established. SUMMARY A number of studies have demonstrated the efficacy of miRNA mimics and inhibitors as novel therapeutic tools for treating dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, concerns over unanticipated side-effects related to de-repression of additional targets should not be overlooked for miRNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Baldán
- aEdward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Liver Center, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri bVascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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130
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Jones Buie JN, Goodwin AJ, Cook JA, Halushka PV, Fan H. The role of miRNAs in cardiovascular disease risk factors. Atherosclerosis 2016; 254:271-281. [PMID: 27693002 PMCID: PMC5125538 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis are complex pathologies that develop over time due to genetic and environmental factors. Differential expression of miRNAs has been identified in patients with coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis, however, their association with cardiovascular disease risk factors, including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, lack of physical activity and smoking, remains unclear. This review examines the role of miRNAs as either biomarkers or potential contributors to the pathophysiology of these aforementioned risk factors. It is intended to provide an overview of the published literature which describes alterations in miRNA levels in both human and animal studies of cardiovascular risk factors and when known, the possible mechanism by which these miRNAs may exert either beneficial or deleterious effects. The intent of this review is engage clinical, translational, and basic scientists to design future collaborative studies to further elucidate the potential role of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy N Jones Buie
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 173 Ashley Avenue, Suite CRI 605B, Charleston, United States.
| | - Andrew J Goodwin
- Medical University of South Carolina, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Charleston, United States
| | - James A Cook
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Neurosciences, Charleston, United States
| | - Perry V Halushka
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Pharmacology, Charleston, United States
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 173 Ashley Avenue, Suite CRI 605B, Charleston, United States
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131
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Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cell homeostasis and cardiovascular disease and have markedly improved our understanding of RNA biology in general and the potential role of miRNAs in atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis, several miRNAs, such as miR-33a,b, miR-92a, miR-126 and others, have been identified that are relevant mediators of pathological processes, including regulation of cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis, lipoprotein metabolism and cholesterol efflux, but also immune responses, endothelial cell biology and vascular function. Further understanding of the specific roles of miRNAs in the distinct cell types involved in atherosclerosis initiation, progression and resolution may reveal new intervention strategies for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Giral
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Germany
| | - Adelheid Kratzer
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Germany.
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132
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Abstract
Incidence of diabetes and other metabolic disorders is increasing worldwide, with almost half the cases remaining undiagnosed. This is cause for concern as poor management of glucose or lipid levels causes tissue damage that may result in micro- or macrovascular complications. Current methods of diagnosing metabolic disorders do not provide any clues on disease aetiology or their posterior evolution and incidence of complications, which are the main cause of disease-associated morbidity. Circulating microRNAs found in blood change with the physiological condition of the organism and may help to: (1) identify people at risk of developing metabolic disease, (2) diagnose diabetes or other metabolic disorders on the basis of their aetiology, (3) predict the development of complications, and (4) monitor response to treatment. Results published to date show promise in this direction but technical issues must still be honed in order to warrant their application in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Párrizas
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Obesity, CIBERDEM, IDIBAPS, Rosselló 149-153, pl.5, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.
| | - Anna Novials
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Obesity, CIBERDEM, IDIBAPS, Rosselló 149-153, pl.5, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.
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133
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miR33a/miR33b* and miR122 as Possible Contributors to Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Obese Women with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101620. [PMID: 27669236 PMCID: PMC5085653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific miRNA expression profiles have been shown to be associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We examined the correlation between the circulating levels and hepatic expression of miR122 and miR33a/b*, the key lipid metabolism-related gene expression and the clinicopathological factors of obese women with NAFLD. We measured miR122 and miR33a/b* expression in liver samples from 62 morbidly obese (MO), 30 moderately obese (ModO), and eight normal-weight controls. MiR122 and miR33a/b* expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Additionally, miR122 and miR33b* circulating levels were analyzed in 122 women. Hepatic miR33b* expression was increased in MO compared to ModO and controls, whereas miR122 expression was decreased in the MO group compared to ModO. In obese cohorts, miR33b* expression was increased in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Regarding circulating levels, MO patients with NASH showed higher miR122 levels than MO with simple steatosis (SS). These circulating levels are good predictors of histological features associated with disease severity. MO is associated with altered hepatic miRNA expression. In obese women, higher miR33b* liver expression is associated with NASH. Moreover, multiple correlations between miRNAs and the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism were found, that would suggest a miRNA-host gene circuit. Finally, miR122 circulating levels could be included in a panel of different biomarkers to improve accuracy in the non-invasive diagnosis of NASH.
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134
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The miR-33 gene is identified in a marine teleost: a potential role in regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in Siganus canaliculatus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32909. [PMID: 27640649 PMCID: PMC5027541 DOI: 10.1038/srep32909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first marine teleost demonstrated to have the ability to biosynthesize long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) from C18 PUFA precursors, rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus provides a good model for studying the regulatory mechanisms of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in teleosts. Here the potential roles of miR-33 in such regulation were investigated. The miR-33 gene was identified within intron 16 of the gene encoding sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (Srebp1), an activator of LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Expression of miR-33 in rabbitfish tissues correlated with that of srebp1, while its expression in liver was highly responsive to ambient salinities and PUFA components, factors affecting LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Srebp1 activation promoted the expression of Δ4 and Δ6 Δ5 fatty acyl desaturases (Fad), key enzymes for LC-PUFA biosynthesis, accompanied by elevated miR-33 abundance in rabbitfish hepatocytes. miR-33 overexpression induced the expression of the two fad, but suppressed that of insulin-induced gene 1 (insig1), which encodes a repressor blocking Srebp proteolytic activation and has targeting sites of miR-33. These results indicated that miR-33, cooperating with Srebp1, may be involved in regulation of LC-PUFA biosynthesis by facilitating fad expression, probably through targeting insig1. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the participation of miR-33 in LC-PUFA biosynthesis in vertebrates.
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135
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Wei Y, Schober A. MicroRNA regulation of macrophages in human pathologies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3473-95. [PMID: 27137182 PMCID: PMC11108364 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in the innate immune system and contribute to a broad spectrum of pathologies, like in the defence against infectious agents, in inflammation resolution, and wound repair. In the past several years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to play important roles in immune diseases by regulating macrophage functions. In this review, we will summarize the role of miRNAs in the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, in the classical and alternative activation of macrophages, and in the regulation of phagocytosis and apoptosis. Notably, miRNAs preferentially target genes related to the cellular cholesterol metabolism, which is of key importance for the inflammatory activation and phagocytic activity of macrophages. miRNAs functionally link various mechanisms involved in macrophage activation and contribute to initiation and resolution of inflammation. miRNAs represent promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets in different conditions, such as infectious diseases, atherosclerosis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wei
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9, 80336, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Schober
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9, 80336, Munich, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802, Munich, Germany.
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136
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Understanding the Role of miR-33 in Brain Lipid Metabolism: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2016; 36:2558-60. [PMID: 26936997 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4571-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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137
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Zhang H, Lamon BD, Moran G, Sun T, Gotto AM, Hajjar DP. Pitavastatin Differentially Modulates MicroRNA-Associated Cholesterol Transport Proteins in Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159130. [PMID: 27415822 PMCID: PMC4945056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence identifying microRNAs (miRNAs) as mediators of statin-induced cholesterol efflux, notably through the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in macrophages. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, pitavastatin, on macrophage miRNAs in the presence and absence of oxidized-LDL, a hallmark of a pro-atherogenic milieu. Treatment of human THP-1 cells with pitavastatin prevented the oxLDL-mediated suppression of miR-33a, -33b and -758 mRNA in these cells, an effect which was not uniquely attributable to induction of SREBP2. Induction of ABCA1 mRNA and protein by oxLDL was inhibited (30%) by pitavastatin, while oxLDL or pitavastatin alone significantly induced and repressed ABCA1 expression, respectively. These findings are consistent with previous reports in macrophages. miRNA profiling was also performed using a miRNA array. We identified specific miRNAs which were up-regulated (122) and down-regulated (107) in THP-1 cells treated with oxLDL plus pitavastatin versus oxLDL alone, indicating distinct regulatory networks in these cells. Moreover, several of the differentially expressed miRNAs identified are functionally associated with cholesterol trafficking (six miRNAs in cells treated with oxLDL versus oxLDL plus pitavastatin). Our findings indicate that pitavastatin can differentially modulate miRNA in the presence of oxLDL; and, our results provide evidence that the net effect on cholesterol homeostasis is mediated by a network of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York, 10065, United States of America
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York, 10065, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Lamon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York, 10065, United States of America
- Center of Vascular Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York, 10065, United States of America
| | - George Moran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York, 10065, United States of America
- Center of Vascular Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York, 10065, United States of America
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York, 10065, United States of America
| | - Antonio M. Gotto
- Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York, 10065, United States of America
| | - David P. Hajjar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York, 10065, United States of America
- Center of Vascular Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York, 10065, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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138
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Ding L, Wang D, Zhou M, Du L, Xu J, Xue C, Wang Y. Comparative Study of EPA-enriched Phosphatidylcholine and EPA-enriched Phosphatidylserine on Lipid Metabolism in Mice. J Oleo Sci 2016; 65:593-602. [PMID: 27321119 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that EPA enriched PLs have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. Our previous study has demonstrated that the anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects of EPA-PL were superior to DHA-PL. In the present study, we comparatively evaluated the effects of EPA-enriched phosphatidylcholine (EPA-PC) and EPA-enriched phosphatidylserine (EPA-PS) on lipid metabolism in mice. Both 2% dietary EPA-PC and EPA-PS significantly improved serum and hepatic lipid levels in mice. The HDL-c level in mice on EPA-PC diet was significantly higher than the other two groups. The level of DHA in hepatic TG and PL were significantly increased in both EPA-PC and EPA-PS fed groups (98.3 and 117.8%, respectively; p < 0.05). Notably, the proportion of DHA in EPA-PS group was significantly higher than the EPA-PC group. EPA-PC and EPA-PS suppressed hepatic SREBP-1c mediated lipogenesis and activated PPARα mediated fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver. These data are the first to indicate that EPA-PS has beneficial effects on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
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139
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Kimura Y, Tamasawa N, Matsumura K, Murakami H, Yamashita M, Matsuki K, Tanabe J, Murakami H, Matsui J, Daimon M. Clinical Significance of Determining Plasma MicroRNA33b in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Dyslipidemia. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:1276-1285. [PMID: 27301461 PMCID: PMC5113745 DOI: 10.5551/jat.33670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c is the dominant liver insulin-stimulated isoform and strongly correlates with diabetic dyslipidemia characterized by hyperinsulinemia [i.e., high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and hypertriglyceridemia]. MicroRNA (miRNA) 33b is harbored in the intron of SREBP-1c and represses ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, and member 1 (ABCA1) expression, essential for HDL formation. We measured plasma miRNA33b levels as possible biomarkers for diabetic dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) showing insulin resistance. Methods: The participants included 50 patients with T2DM (M/F 31/19) enrolled in an educational program for controlling blood glucose levels at Hirosaki University Hospital. HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and lipid levels were determined. Plasma miRNA33b, miRNA33a and miRNA148a were quantified using a TaqMan® MicroRNA Assay, and values were corrected with reference to miRNA16. Results: Mean BMI of participants were 28.2 ± 6.6 (kg/m2) and the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance was 4.3 ± 2.7. Patients' laboratory findings indicated diabetic dyslipidemia with insulin resistance. Plasma miRNA33b/16 levels revealed a positive correlation with plasma insulin level (r = 0.326, P = 0.021), serum C-peptide (r = 0.280, P = 0.049), and triglyceride (r = 0.351, P = 0.012), but no association with HDL-C (r = −0.210, P = 0.143). The blood level of miRNA33a was approximately 1/150th of that of miRNA33b and was not correlated with the above parameters. Conclusion: We postulated that plasma miRNA33b may be useful as a new metabolic biomarker of dyslipidemia in patients with T2DM as well as metabolic syndrome via an insulin/SREBP-1c/miRNA33b/ABCA1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kimura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
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140
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Song CL, Liu B, Wang JP, Zhang BL, Zhang JC, Zhao LY, Shi YF, Li YX, Wang G, Diao HY, Li Q, Xue X, Wu JD, Liu J, Yu YP, Cai D, Liu ZX. Anti-apoptotic effect of microRNA-30b in early phase of rat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2610-9. [PMID: 25925903 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of microRNA-30b (miR-30b) in rat myocardial ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury model. We randomly divided Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 80) into five groups: 1) control group; 2) miR-30b group; 3) sham-operated group; 4) I/R group, and 5) I/R+miR-30b group. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis were conducted. TUNEL assay was employed for testing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Our results showed that miR-30b levels were down-regulated in I/R group and I/R + miR-30b group compared with sham-operated group (both P < 0.05). However, miR-30b level in I/R + miR-30b group was higher than I/R group (P < 0.05). Markedly, the apoptotic rate in I/R group showed highest in I/R group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the results illustrated that protein levels of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 were at higher levels in ischemic regions in I/R group, comparing to sham-operated group (all P < 0.05), while Bcl-2/Bax was reduced (P < 0.05). Bcl-2 level and Bcl-2/Bax were obviously increased in I/R + miR-30b group by comparison with I/R group, and expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 were down-regulated (all P < 0.05). We also found that in I/R + miR-30b group, KRAS level was apparently lower and p-AKT level was higher by comparing with I/R group (both P < 0.05). Our study indicated that miR-30b overexpression had anti-apoptotic effect on early phase of rat myocardial ischemia injury model through targeting KRAS and activating the Ras/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Li Song
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Peng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Bei-Lin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, the College of Basic Medical Sciences of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Chang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Li-Yan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Feng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Xue Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Diao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xue
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Duo Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Peng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Dan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
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141
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Schober A, Weber C. Mechanisms of MicroRNAs in Atherosclerosis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2016; 11:583-616. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schober
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany;
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80336, Germany;
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142
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Yoon H, Flores LF, Kim J. MicroRNAs in brain cholesterol metabolism and their implications for Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:2139-2147. [PMID: 27155217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is important for various neuronal functions in the brain. Brain has elaborate regulatory mechanisms to control cholesterol metabolism that are distinct from the mechanisms in periphery. Interestingly, dysregulation of the cholesterol metabolism is strongly associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs acting as post-transcriptional gene regulators. Recently, several microRNAs are demonstrated to be involved in regulating cholesterol metabolism in the brain. This article reviews the regulatory mechanisms of cellular cholesterol homeostasis in the brain. In addition, we discuss the role of microRNAs in brain cholesterol metabolism and their potential implications for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This article is part of a special issue entitled: MicroRNAs and lipid/energy metabolism and related diseases edited by Carlos Fernández-Hernando and Yajaira Suárez.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Yoon
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Jacksonville, FL, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Luis F Flores
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Jacksonville, FL, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.
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143
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Modulation of microRNA Expression in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome and Decrease of Cholesterol Efflux from Macrophages via microRNA-33-Mediated Attenuation of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 Expression by Statins. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154672. [PMID: 27139226 PMCID: PMC4854384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complicated health problem that encompasses a variety of metabolic disorders. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the major biochemical parameters associated with MetS and circulating levels of microRNA (miR)-33, miR-103, and miR-155. We found that miRNA-33 levels were positively correlated with levels of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triacylglycerol, but negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol levels. In the cellular study, miR-33 levels were increased in macrophages treated with high glucose and cholesterol-lowering drugs atorvastatin and pitavastatin. miR-33 has been reported to play an essential role in cholesterol homeostasis through ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) regulation and reverse cholesterol transport. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the linkage between miR-33 and statin treatment remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether atorvastatin and pitavastatin exert their functions through the modulation of miR-33 and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages. The results showed that treatment of the statins up-regulated miR-33 expression, but down-regulated ABCA1 mRNA levels in RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Statin-mediated ABCA1 regulation occurs at the post-transcriptional level through targeting of the 3′-UTR of the ABCA1 transcript by miR-33. Additionally, we found significant down-regulation of ABCA1 protein expression in macrophages treated with statins. Finally, we showed that high glucose and statin treatment significantly suppressed cholesterol efflux from macrophages. These findings have highlighted the complexity of statins, which may exert detrimental effects on metabolic abnormalities through regulation of miR-33 target genes.
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144
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Bansode RR, Khatiwada JR, Losso JN, Williams LL. Targeting MicroRNA in Cancer Using Plant-Based Proanthocyanidins. Diseases 2016; 4:E21. [PMID: 28933401 PMCID: PMC5456277 DOI: 10.3390/diseases4020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins are oligomeric flavonoids found in plant sources, most notably in apples, cinnamon, grape skin and cocoa beans. They have been also found in substantial amounts in cranberry, black currant, green tea, black tea and peanut skins. These compounds have been recently investigated for their health benefits. Proanthocyanidins have been demonstrated to have positive effects on various metabolic disorders such as inflammation, obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance. Another upcoming area of research that has gained widespread interest is microRNA (miRNA)-based anticancer therapies. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA segments, which plays a crucial role in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Currently, miRNA based anticancer therapies are being investigated either alone or in combination with current treatment methods. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and investigate the potential of naturally occurring proanthocyanidins in modulating miRNA expression. We will also assess the strategies and challenges of using this approach as potential cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishipal R Bansode
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Janak R Khatiwada
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
| | - Jack N Losso
- School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Leonard L Williams
- Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
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145
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MicroRNA: a connecting road between apoptosis and cholesterol metabolism. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8529-54. [PMID: 27105614 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to apoptosis leads to tumorigenesis and failure of anti-cancer therapy. Recent studies also highlight abrogated lipid/cholesterol metabolism as one of the root causes of cancer that can lead to metastatic transformations. Cancer cells are dependent on tremendous supply of cellular cholesterol for the formation of new membranes and continuation of cell signaling. Cholesterol homeostasis network tightly regulates this metabolic need of cancer cells on cholesterol and other lipids. Genetic landscape is also shared between apoptosis and cholesterol metabolism. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the new fine tuners of signaling pathways and cellular processes and are known for their ability to post-transcriptionally repress gene expression in a targeted manner. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the cross talk between apoptosis and cholesterol metabolism via miRNAs. In addition, we also emphasize herein recent therapeutic modulations of specific miRNAs and their promising potential for the treatment of deadly diseases including cancer and cholesterol related pathologies. Understanding of the impact of miRNA-based regulation of apoptosis and metabolic processes is still at its dawn and needs further research for the development of future miRNA-based therapies. As both these physiological processes affect cellular homeostasis, we believe that this comprehensive summary of miRNAs modulating both apoptosis and cholesterol metabolism will open uncharted territory for scientific exploration and will provide the foundation for discovering novel drug targets for cancer and metabolic diseases.
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146
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Ouimet M, Koster S, Sakowski E, Ramkhelawon B, van Solingen C, Oldebeken S, Karunakaran D, Portal-Celhay C, Sheedy FJ, Ray TD, Cecchini K, Zamore PD, Rayner KJ, Marcel YL, Philips JA, Moore KJ. Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces the miR-33 locus to reprogram autophagy and host lipid metabolism. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:677-86. [PMID: 27089382 PMCID: PMC4873392 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) survives in macrophages by evading delivery to the lysosome and promoting the accumulation of lipid bodies, which serve as a bacterial source of nutrients. We found that by inducing the microRNA (miRNA) miR-33 and its passenger strand miR-33*, Mtb inhibited integrated pathways involved in autophagy, lysosomal function and fatty acid oxidation to support bacterial replication. Silencing of miR-33 and miR-33* by genetic or pharmacological means promoted autophagy flux through derepression of key autophagy effectors (such as ATG5, ATG12, LC3B and LAMP1) and AMPK-dependent activation of the transcription factors FOXO3 and TFEB, which enhanced lipid catabolism and Mtb xenophagy. These data define a mammalian miRNA circuit used by Mtb to coordinately inhibit autophagy and reprogram host lipid metabolism to enable intracellular survival and persistence in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Ouimet
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stefan Koster
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erik Sakowski
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bhama Ramkhelawon
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Coen van Solingen
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott Oldebeken
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Denuja Karunakaran
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia Portal-Celhay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Frederick J Sheedy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tathagat Dutta Ray
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katharine Cecchini
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Department of Biochemistry &Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip D Zamore
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Department of Biochemistry &Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katey J Rayner
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yves L Marcel
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Philips
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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147
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Jia L, Song N, Yang G, Ma Y, Li X, Lu R, Cao H, Zhang N, Zhu M, Wang J, Leng X, Cao Y, Du Y, Xu Y. Effects of Tanshinone IIA on the modulation of miR‑33a and the SREBP‑2/Pcsk9 signaling pathway in hyperlipidemic rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4627-35. [PMID: 27082100 PMCID: PMC4878576 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA is the active compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge, which is a traditional Chinese medicine known as Danshen. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of Tanshinone IIA on the regulation of lipid metabolism in the livers of hyperlipidemic rats and the underlying molecular events. An in vivo model of hyperlipidemia was established in rats, with the animals receiving a daily dose of Tanshinone IIA. The serum lipid profiles were analyzed using an automatic biochemical analyzer, and the histopathological alterations and lipid deposition in liver tissue were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and oil red O staining, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of microRNA (miR)‑33a, ATP‑binding cassette transporter (ABC)A1, ABCG1, sterol regulatory element‑binding protein 2 (SREBP‑2), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (Pcsk9) and low‑density lipoprotein receptor (LDL‑R) in liver tissues were measured using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the protein expression levels of ABCA1, ABCG1, SREBP‑2, Pcsk9, and LDL‑R were analyzed using western blotting. Tanshinone IIA reduced lipid deposition and improved histopathology in the rat liver tissue, however, did not alter the lipid profile in rat serum. In addition, Tanshinone IIA treatment suppressed the expression of miR‑33a, whereas the protein expression levels of ABCA1, SREBP‑2, Pcsk9 in addition to LDL‑R mRNA and protein were upregulated. In conclusion, the present study indicated that Tanshinone IIA attenuated lipid deposition in the livers of hyperlipidemic rats and modulated the expression of miR‑33a and SREBP‑2/Pcsk9 signaling pathway proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianqun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera‑State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Nan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera‑State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Guanlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera‑State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Ma
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Xuetao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera‑State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Ren Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera‑State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Cao
- The First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Ni Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Meilin Zhu
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera‑State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Xue Leng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera‑State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera‑State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Ying Du
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Traditional Chinese Medicine Viscera‑State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xu
- Graduate School, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, P.R. China
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148
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Canfrán-Duque A, Lin CS, Goedeke L, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. Micro-RNAs and High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1076-84. [PMID: 27079881 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Improved prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases is one of the challenges in Western societies, where ischemic heart disease and stroke are the leading cause of death. Early epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between circulating high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular diseases. The cardioprotective effect of HDL is because of its ability to remove cholesterol from plaques in the artery wall to the liver for excretion by a process known as reverse cholesterol transport. Numerous studies have reported the role that micro-RNAs (miRNA) play in the regulation of the different steps in reverse cholesterol transport, including HDL biogenesis, cholesterol efflux, and cholesterol uptake in the liver and bile acid synthesis and secretion. Because of their ability to control different aspects of HDL metabolism and function, miRNAs have emerged as potential therapeutic targets to combat cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the miRNA-mediated control of HDL metabolism. We also discuss how HDL particles serve as carriers of miRNAs and the potential use of HDL-containing miRNAs as cardiovascular diseases biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Canfrán-Duque
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.) and Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.L.)
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.) and Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.L.)
| | - Leigh Goedeke
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.) and Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.L.)
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.) and Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.L.)
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.) and Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.L.).
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149
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Wang H, Sun Z, Wang Y, Hu Z, Zhou H, Zhang L, Hong B, Zhang S, Cao X. miR-33-5p, a novel mechano-sensitive microRNA promotes osteoblast differentiation by targeting Hmga2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23170. [PMID: 26980276 PMCID: PMC4793269 DOI: 10.1038/srep23170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) interfere with the translation of specific target mRNAs and are thought to thereby regulate many cellular processes. However, the role of miRNAs in osteoblast mechanotransduction remains to be defined. In this study, we investigated the ability of a miRNA to respond to different mechanical environments and regulate mechano-induced osteoblast differentiation. First, we demonstrated that miR-33-5p expressed by osteoblasts is sensitive to multiple mechanical environments, microgravity and fluid shear stress. We then confirmed the ability of miR-33-5p to promote osteoblast differentiation. Microgravity or fluid shear stress influences osteoblast differentiation partially via miR-33-5p. Through bioinformatics analysis and a luciferase assay, we subsequently confirmed that Hmga2 is a target gene of miR-33-5p that negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, miR-33-5p regulates osteoblast differentiation partially via Hmga2. In summary, our findings demonstrate that miR-33-5p is a novel mechano-sensitive miRNA that can promote osteoblast differentiation and participate in the regulation of differentiation induced by changes in the mechanical environment, suggesting this miRNA as a potential target for the treatment of pathological bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongyang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of orthopedics, No. 454 Hospital of PLA, 210002, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zebing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lianchang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Hong
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinsheng Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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150
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Li XL, Sui JQ, Lu LL, Zhang NN, Xu X, Dong QY, Xin YN, Xuan SY. Gene polymorphisms associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coronary artery disease: a concise review. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:53. [PMID: 26965314 PMCID: PMC4785616 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease which represents a wide spectrum of hepatic damage. Several studies have reported that NAFLD is a strong independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). And patients with NAFLD are at higher risk and suggested undergoperiodic cardiovascular risk assessment. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for the main cause of death in patients with NAFLD, and is mostly influenced by genetic factors. Both NAFLD and CAD are heterogeneous disease. Common pathways involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and CAD includes insulin resistance (IR), atherogenic dyslipidemia, subclinical inflammation, oxidative stress, etc. Genomic characteristics of these two diseases have been widely studied, further research about the association of these two diseases draws attention. The gene polymorphisms of adiponectin-encoding gene (ADIPOQ), leptin receptor (LEPR), apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), sterol regulatory elementbinding proteins (SREBP), transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), tumor necrosis factors-alpha (TNF-α) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) have been reported to be related to NAFLD and CAD. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of recent insights into the genetic basis of NAFLD and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Jian-Qing Sui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Lin-Lin Lu
- Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Quan-Yong Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Yong-Ning Xin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China. .,Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Shi-Ying Xuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China. .,Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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