101
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Onkokesung N, Reichelt M, Wright LP, Phillips MA, Gershenzon J, Dicke M. The plastidial metabolite 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate modulates defence responses against aphids. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2309-2323. [PMID: 30786032 PMCID: PMC6850158 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Feeding by insect herbivores such as caterpillars and aphids induces plant resistance mechanisms that are mediated by the phytohormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). These phytohormonal pathways often crosstalk. Besides phytohormones, methyl-D-erythriol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP), the penultimate metabolite in the methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway, has been speculated to regulate transcription of nuclear genes in response to biotic stressors such as aphids. Here, we show that MEcPP uniquely enhances the SA pathway without attenuating the JA pathway. Arabidopsis mutant plants that accumulate high levels of MEcPP (hds3) are highly resistant to the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae), whereas resistance to the large cabbage white caterpillar (Pieris brassicae) remains unaltered. Thus, MEcPP is a distinct signalling molecule that acts beyond phytohormonal crosstalk to induce resistance against the cabbage aphid in Arabidopsis. We dissect the molecular mechanisms of MEcPP mediating plant resistance against the aphid B. brassicae. This shows that MEcPP induces the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of several primary and secondary metabolic pathways contributing to enhanced resistance against this aphid species. A unique ability to regulate multifaceted molecular mechanisms makes MEcPP an attractive target for metabolic engineering in Brassica crop plants to increase resistance to cabbage aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Louwrance P. Wright
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Michael A. Phillips
- Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Systems BiologyUniversity of Toronto‐MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of BiochemistryMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
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102
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Liu X, Fu L, Qin P, Sun Y, Liu J, Wang X. Overexpression of the wheat trehalose 6-phosphate synthase 11 gene enhances cold tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene 2019; 710:210-217. [PMID: 31176733 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Low temperature is a key stress factor for the growth and development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and glycometabolism plays an important role in plant cold tolerance. Our previous study identified trehalose 6-phosphate synthase 11 gene (TaTPS11), which had a significantly different expression pattern between a high freezing-tolerant wheat cultivar and a low freezing-tolerant wheat cultivar. In this study, TaTPS11 was isolated from a winter-hardy wheat cultivar (D1) and overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana to study its effect on cold tolerance in plants. Transgenic plants expressing TaTPS11 had lower sucrose content, higher starch content, and higher activity of key enzyme (sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, and invertase) involved in sucrose metabolism. In addition, the expression level of sucrose non-fermenting 1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1), which catalyzes the sucrose in plants, increased in the TaTPS11-overexpressed plants. These results indicated that heterologous expression of TaTPS11 influenced carbohydrate metabolism in Arabidopsis plants. The resultant plants had a significantly higher survival rate after -5 °C treatment for 2 h and exhibited enhanced cold tolerance without unfavorable phenotypes compared to wild-type. Our findings indicated that manipulation of TaTPS11 improved cold tolerance in plants and TaTPS11 had potential values in wheat cold-tolerance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lianshuang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yinglu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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103
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Zhao ML, Ni J, Chen MS, Xu ZF. Ectopic Expression of Jatropha curcas TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE J Causes Late-Flowering and Heterostylous Phenotypes in Arabidopsis but not in Jatropha. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2165. [PMID: 31052421 PMCID: PMC6540179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) phosphatase (TPP), a dephosphorylating enzyme, catalyzes the dephosphorylation of T6P, generating trehalose. In Jatropha, we found six members of the TPP family. Five of them JcTPPA, JcTPPC, JcTPPD, JcTPPG, and JcTPPJ are highly expressed in female flowers or male flowers, or both, suggesting that members of the JcTPP family may participate in flower development in Jatropha. The wide expression of JcTPPJ gene in various organs implied its versatile roles and thus was chosen for unraveling its biological functions during developmental process. We constructed an overexpression vector of JcTPPJ cDNA driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter for genetic transformation. Compared with control Arabidopsis plants, 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Arabidopsis plants presented greater sucrose contents in their inflorescences and displayed late-flowering and heterostylous phenotypes. Exogenous application of sucrose to the inflorescence buds of wild-type Arabidopsis repressed the development of the perianth and filaments, with a phenocopy of the 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Arabidopsis. These results suggested that the significantly increased sucrose level in the inflorescence caused (or induced) by JcTTPJ overexpression, was responsible for the formation of heterostylous flower phenotype. However, 35S:JcTPPJ transgenic Jatropha displayed no obvious phenotypic changes, implying that JcTPPJ alone may not be sufficient for regulating flower development in Jatropha. Our results are helpful for understanding the function of TPPs, which may regulate flower organ development by manipulating the sucrose status in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jun Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
| | - Mao-Sheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
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104
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Barbier FF, Dun EA, Kerr SC, Chabikwa TG, Beveridge CA. An Update on the Signals Controlling Shoot Branching. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:220-236. [PMID: 30797425 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Many new questions on the regulation of shoot branching have been raised in recent years, prompting a review and reassessment of the role of each signal involved. Sugars and their signaling networks have been attributed a major role in the early events of axillary bud outgrowth, whereas cytokinin appears to play a critical role in the modulation of this process in response to the environment. Perception of the recently discovered hormone strigolactone is now quite well understood, while the downstream targets remain largely unknown. Recent literature has highlighted that auxin export from a bud is important for its subsequent growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois F Barbier
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Dun
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; These authors contributed equally to this publication
| | - Stephanie C Kerr
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; These authors contributed equally to this publication
| | - Tinashe G Chabikwa
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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105
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Kolbe AR, Studer AJ, Cornejo OE, Cousins AB. Insights from transcriptome profiling on the non-photosynthetic and stomatal signaling response of maize carbonic anhydrase mutants to low CO 2. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:138. [PMID: 30767781 PMCID: PMC6377783 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the hydration of CO2 in the first biochemical step of C4 photosynthesis, and has been considered a potentially rate-limiting step when CO2 availability within a leaf is low. Previous work in Zea mays (maize) with a double knockout of the two highest-expressed β-CA genes, CA1 and CA2, reduced total leaf CA activity to less than 3% of wild-type. Surprisingly, this did not limit photosynthesis in maize at ambient or higher CO2concentrations. However, the ca1ca2 mutants exhibited reduced rates of photosynthesis at sub-ambient CO2, and accumulated less biomass when grown under sub-ambient CO2 (9.2 Pa). To further clarify the importance of CA for C4 photosynthesis, we assessed gene expression changes in wild-type, ca1 and ca1ca2 mutants in response to changes in pCO2 from 920 to 9.2 Pa. RESULTS Leaf samples from each genotype were collected for RNA-seq analysis at high CO2 and at two time points after the low CO2 transition, in order to identify early and longer-term responses to CO2 deprivation. Despite the existence of multiple isoforms of CA, no other CA genes were upregulated in CA mutants. Although photosynthetic genes were downregulated in response to low CO2, differential expression was not observed between genotypes. However, multiple indicators of carbon starvation were present in the mutants, including amino acid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and sugar signaling. In particular, multiple genes previously implicated in low carbon stress such as asparagine synthetase, amino acid transporters, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, as well as many transcription factors, were strongly upregulated. Furthermore, genes in the CO2 stomatal signaling pathway were differentially expressed in the CA mutants under low CO2. CONCLUSIONS Using a transcriptomic approach, we showed that carbonic anhydrase mutants do not compensate for the lack of CA activity by upregulating other CA or photosynthetic genes, but rather experienced extreme carbon stress when grown under low CO2. Our results also support a role for CA in the CO2 stomatal signaling pathway. This study provides insight into the importance of CA for C4 photosynthesis and its role in stomatal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R. Kolbe
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA
| | - Anthony J. Studer
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Omar E. Cornejo
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA
| | - Asaph B. Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA
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106
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Abstract
Phosphorylated carbohydrates are central metabolites involved in key plant metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and central carbon metabolism. Such pathways influence plant growth, development, and stress responses to environmental changes, and ultimately, reflect the plant's energy status. The high polarity of these metabolites, the variety of isomeric structures (e.g., glucose-1-phosphate (G1P)/fructose-6-phosphate (F6P)/mannose-6-phosphate (M6P)/G6P, sucrose-6-phosphate (S6P)/T6P), and rapid metabolic turnover makes their analysis particularly challenging. In this chapter, we describe the use of a set of known phosphorylated carbohydrates to develop and validate a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) triple quadrupole (QqQ) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method in the highly sensitive and selective multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for the target analysis of G1P, F6P, M6P, G6P, S6P, T6P, and the sugar nucleotide uridine 5-diphospho-glucose (UDPG). We present detailed information regarding HILIC column chemistry and practical considerations when coupling it with a QqQ-MS system.
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107
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Functional identification of a rice trehalase gene involved in salt stress tolerance. Gene 2019; 685:42-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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108
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Vishal B, Krishnamurthy P, Ramamoorthy R, Kumar PP. OsTPS8 controls yield-related traits and confers salt stress tolerance in rice by enhancing suberin deposition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1369-1386. [PMID: 30289560 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Class I TREHALOSE-PHOSPHATE-SYNTHASE (TPS) genes affect salinity tolerance and plant development. However, the function of class IITPS genes and their underlying mechanisms of action are unknown. We report the identification and functional analysis of a rice class IITPS gene (OsTPS8). The ostps8 mutant was characterised by GC-MS analysis, an abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity test and by generating transgenic lines. To identify the underlying mechanism, gene expression analyses, genetic complementation and examination of suberin deposition in the roots were conducted. The ostps8 mutant showed salt sensitivity, ABA sensitivity and altered agronomic traits compared to the wild-type (WT), which could be rescued upon complementation. The dsRNAi line phenocopied the mutant, while the overexpression lines exhibited enhanced salt tolerance. The ostps8 mutant showed significantly reduced soluble sugars, Casparian bands and suberin deposition in the roots compared to the WT and overexpression lines. The mutant also showed downregulation of SAPKs (rice SnRK2s) and ABA-responsive genes. Furthermore, ostps8pUBI::SAPK9 rescued the salt-sensitive phenotype of ostps8. Our results suggest that OsTPS8 may regulate suberin deposition in rice through ABA signalling. Additionally, SAPK9-mediated regulation of altered ABA-responsive genes helps to confer salinity tolerance. Overexpression of OsTPS8 was adequate to confer enhanced salinity tolerance without any yield penalty, suggesting its usefulness in rice genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Vishal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, 117543, Singapore
| | - Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, 117543, Singapore
| | - Rengasamy Ramamoorthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, 117543, Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, 117543, Singapore
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109
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Li Y, Wang W, Feng Y, Tu M, Wittich PE, Bate NJ, Messing J. Transcriptome and metabolome reveal distinct carbon allocation patterns during internode sugar accumulation in different sorghum genotypes. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:472-487. [PMID: 30051585 PMCID: PMC6335075 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sweet sorghum accumulates large amounts of soluble sugar in its stem. However, a system-based understanding of this carbohydrate allocation process is lacking. Here, we compared the dynamic transcriptome and metabolome between the conversion line R9188 and its two parents, sweet sorghum RIO and grain sorghum BTx406 that have contrasting sugar-accumulating phenotypes. We identified two features of sucrose metabolism, stable concentrations of sugar phosphates in RIO and opposite trend of trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) between RIO vs R9188/BTx406. Integration of transcriptome and metabolome revealed R9188 is partially active in starch metabolism together with medium sucrose level, whereas sweet sorghum had the highest sucrose concentration and remained highly active in sucrose, starch, and cell wall metabolism post-anthesis. Similar expression pattern of genes involved in sucrose degradation decreased the pool of sugar phosphates for precursors of starch and cell wall synthesis in R9188 and BTx406. Differential T6P signal between RIO vs R9188/BTx406 is associated with introgression of T6P regulators from BTx406 into R9188, including C-group bZIP and trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP). The inverted T6P signalling in R9188 appears to down-regulate sucrose and starch metabolism partly through transcriptome reprogramming, whereas introgressed metabolic genes could be related to reduced cell wall metabolism. Our results show that coordinated primary metabolic pathways lead to high sucrose demand and accumulation in sweet sorghum, providing us with targets for genetic improvements of carbohydrate allocation in bioenergy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJUSA
| | - Wenqin Wang
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJUSA
- Present address:
School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yaping Feng
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJUSA
| | - Min Tu
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJUSA
| | | | | | - Joachim Messing
- Waksman Institute of MicrobiologyRutgers, The State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJUSA
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110
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Luo XT, Cai BD, Jiang HP, Xiao HM, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Sensitive analysis of trehalose-6-phosphate and related sugar phosphates in plant tissues by chemical derivatization combined with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1592:82-90. [PMID: 30679043 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) is an important signaling metabolite that is involved in many physiological processes. However, the mechanism of the biological functions of T6P is not fully understood. Quantification of T6P in plants will be beneficial to elucidate the mechanism. However, it is still a challenge to chromatographically separate and sensitively detect T6P and related sugar phosphates. In the current study, we developed a method for effective separation and sensitive detection of glucose-1-phosphate (G1P), glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), sucrose-6-phosphate (S6P) and T6P in plant tissues by chemical derivatization combined with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ChD-HILIC-MS/MS). With this method, two pairs of isomers (G1P/G6P and S6P/T6P) could be well separated on a HILIC column and sensitively detected by MS with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 ng mL-1. The developed method was successfully applied to the detection of endogenous G1P, G6P, S6P and T6P in small amounts of plant tissues, such as 1 mg fresh weight of Oryza sativa shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bao-Dong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Han-Peng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hua-Ming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bi-Feng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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111
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Wenke K, Kopka J, Schwachtje J, van Dongen JT, Piechulla B. Volatiles of rhizobacteria Serratia and Stenotrophomonas alter growth and metabolite composition of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21 Suppl 1:109-119. [PMID: 30030887 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The emission of volatiles is a common, but mostly neglected, ability of bacteria that is important for inter- and intraspecific interactions. Currently, limited information is available on how the bacterial volatile (mVOC) signal is integrated into a plant's life at the physiological, transcriptional and metabolic level. Previous results provided evidence for volatile-dependent regulation of WRKY18, a pathogen-responsive transcription factor of Arabidopsis thaliana in co-culture with two rhizobacteria, Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R3089. Dual cultures of these bacteria and A. thaliana; application of the common mVOC 2-phenyl-ethanol; extraction of metabolites of A. thaliana after exposure to bacterial volatiles; and analysis of the metabolomes (GC-TOF/MS) were carried out. The prominent microbial aromatic compound 2-phenyl-ethanol, emitted by both bacteria, negatively affects growth of A. thaliana wild type, whereas WRKY18 T-DNA insertion mutants were significantly more tolerant than wild-type seedlings. This paper also demonstrates for the first time the impact of the rhizobacterial volatiles on the metabolome of A. thaliana. Upon mVOC exposure the plants rearrange their metabolism by accumulation of e.g. amino acids and TCA intermediates that potentially allow plants to cope with and survive this stress. Our findings illustrate the high degree of complexity of metabolic rearrangements underlying the interactions of bacterial volatile elicitors and resulting plant responses. Furthermore, the impact of the volatile 2-phenyl-ethanol as a signal in the WRKY18-dependent pathway highlights this compound as an important molecular player.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wenke
- Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - J Kopka
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - J Schwachtje
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - J T van Dongen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - B Piechulla
- Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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112
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Zhai Z, Keereetaweep J, Liu H, Feil R, Lunn JE, Shanklin J. Trehalose 6-Phosphate Positively Regulates Fatty Acid Synthesis by Stabilizing WRINKLED1. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:2616-2627. [PMID: 30249634 PMCID: PMC6241258 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
WRINKLED1 (WRI1), the transcriptional activator of fatty acid synthesis, was recently identified as a target of KIN10, a catalytic α-subunit of the SUCROSE-NON-FERMENTING1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE1 (SnRK1). We tested the hypothesis that trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P), a signal of cellular sucrose status, can regulate fatty acid synthesis by inhibiting SnRK1. Incubation of Brassica napus suspension cells in medium containing T6P, or overexpression of the Escherichia coli T6P synthase, OtsA, in Nicotiana benthamiana, significantly increased T6P levels, WRI1 levels, and fatty acid synthesis rates. T6P directly bound to purified recombinant KIN10 with an equilibrium dissociation constant (K d) of 32 ± 6 μM based on microscale thermophoresis. GEMINIVIRUS REP-INTERACTING KINASE1 (GRIK1) bound to KIN10 (K d 19 ± 3 μM) and activated it by phosphorylation. In the presence of T6P, the GRIK1-KIN10 association was weakened by more than 3-fold (K d 68 ± 9.8 μM), which reduced both the phosphorylation of KIN10 and its activity. T6P-dependent inhibition of SnRK1 activity was reduced in extracts of individual Arabidopsis thaliana grik1 and grik2 mutants relative to the wild type, while SnRK1 activity in grik1 grik2 extracts was enhanced by T6P. These results indicate that the T6P sensitivity of SnRK1 in vivo is GRIK1/GRIK2 dependent. Based on our findings, we propose a mechanistic model that links sugar signaling and fatty acid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Zhai
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - Hui Liu
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John Shanklin
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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113
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Gustin JL, Boehlein SK, Shaw JR, Junior W, Settles AM, Webster A, Tracy WF, Hannah LC. Ovary abortion is prevalent in diverse maize inbred lines and is under genetic control. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13032. [PMID: 30158664 PMCID: PMC6115450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop improvement programs focus on characteristics that are important for plant productivity. Typically genes underlying these traits are identified and stacked to create improved cultivars. Hence, identification of valuable traits for plant productivity is critical for plant improvement. Here we describe an important characteristic for maize productivity. Despite the fact mature maize ears are typically covered with kernels, we find that only a fraction of ovaries give rise to mature kernels. Non-developed ovaries degenerate while neighboring fertilized ovaries produce kernels that fill the ear. Abortion occurs throughout the ear, not just at the tip. We show that the fraction of aborted ovaries/kernels is genetically controlled and varies widely among maize lines, and low abortion genotypes are rare. Reducing or eliminating ovary abortion could substantially increase yield, making this characteristic a new target for selection in maize improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery L Gustin
- Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, Genetics Institute and Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Susan K Boehlein
- Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, Genetics Institute and Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Janine R Shaw
- Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, Genetics Institute and Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Weschester Junior
- Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA
| | - A Mark Settles
- Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, Genetics Institute and Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Ashley Webster
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - William F Tracy
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - L Curtis Hannah
- Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, Genetics Institute and Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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114
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Plant Desiccation Tolerance and its Regulation in the Foliage of Resurrection “Flowering-Plant” Species. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy8080146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The majority of flowering-plant species can survive complete air-dryness in their seed and/or pollen. Relatively few species (‘resurrection plants’) express this desiccation tolerance in their foliage. Knowledge of the regulation of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plant foliage is reviewed. Elucidation of the regulatory mechanism in resurrection grasses may lead to identification of genes that can improve stress tolerance and yield of major crop species. Well-hydrated leaves of resurrection plants are desiccation-sensitive and the leaves become desiccation tolerant as they are drying. Such drought-induction of desiccation tolerance involves changes in gene-expression causing extensive changes in the complement of proteins and the transition to a highly-stable quiescent state lasting months to years. These changes in gene-expression are regulated by several interacting phytohormones, of which drought-induced abscisic acid (ABA) is particularly important in some species. Treatment with only ABA induces desiccation tolerance in vegetative tissue of Borya constricta Churchill. and Craterostigma plantagineum Hochstetter. but not in the resurrection grass Sporobolus stapfianus Gandoger. Suppression of drought-induced senescence is also important for survival of drying. Further research is needed on the triggering of the induction of desiccation tolerance, on the transition between phases of protein synthesis and on the role of the phytohormone, strigolactone and other potential xylem-messengers during drying and rehydration.
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115
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Fedosejevs ET, Feil R, Lunn JE, Plaxton WC. The signal metabolite trehalose-6-phosphate inhibits the sucrolytic activity of sucrose synthase from developing castor beans. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2525-2532. [PMID: 30025148 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In plants, trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) is a key signaling metabolite that functions as both a signal and negative feedback regulator of sucrose levels. The mode of action by which T6P senses and regulates sucrose is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that the sucrolytic activity of RcSUS1, the dominant sucrose synthase isozyme expressed in developing castor beans, is allosterically inhibited by T6P. The feedback inhibition of SUS by T6P may contribute to the control of sink strength and sucrolytic flux in heterotrophic plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - William C Plaxton
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
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116
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Mechanism of neuroprotection by trehalose: controversy surrounding autophagy induction. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:712. [PMID: 29907758 PMCID: PMC6003909 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide with two glucose molecules linked through an α, α-1,1-glucosidic bond. Trehalose has received attention for the past few decades for its role in neuroprotection especially in animal models of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson and Huntington diseases. The mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of trehalose remains elusive. The prevailing hypothesis is that trehalose protects neurons by inducing autophagy, thereby clearing protein aggregates. Some of the animal studies showed activation of autophagy and reduced protein aggregates after trehalose administration in neurodegenerative disease models, seemingly supporting the autophagy induction hypothesis. However, results from cell studies have been less certain; although many studies claim that trehalose induces autophagy and reduces protein aggregates, the studies have their weaknesses, failing to provide sufficient evidence for the autophagy induction theory. Furthermore, a recent study with a thorough examination of autophagy flux showed that trehalose interfered with the flux from autophagosome to autolysosome, raising controversy on the direct effects of trehalose on autophagy. This review summarizes the fundamental properties of trehalose and the studies on its effects on neurodegenerative diseases. We also discuss the controversy related to the autophagy induction theory and seek to explain how trehalose works in neuroprotection.
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117
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Paul MJ, Gonzalez-Uriarte A, Griffiths CA, Hassani-Pak K. The Role of Trehalose 6-Phosphate in Crop Yield and Resilience. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:12-23. [PMID: 29592862 PMCID: PMC5933140 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
T6P can be targeted through genetic and chemical methods for crop yield improvements in different environments through the effect of T6P on carbon allocation and biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Paul
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cara A Griffiths
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Keywan Hassani-Pak
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
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118
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First echinoderm trehalase from a tropical sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota): Molecular cloning and mRNA expression in different tissues, embryonic and larval stages, and under a starvation challenge. Gene 2018; 665:74-81. [PMID: 29719214 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Trehalases are a group of enzymes that catalyse the conversion of trehalose to glucose, and they are observed in most organisms. In this study, the first echinoderm trehalase, designated Hl-Tre, was identified from a tropical sea cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota. The full-length cDNA of H. leucospilota trehalase (Hl-Tre) is 2461 bp in length with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1788 bp that encodes a 595-amino-acid protein with a deduced molecular weight of 67.95 KDa. The Hl-Tre protein contains a signal peptide at the N-terminal and a functional trehalase domain, which includes the signature motifs 1 and 2. The mRNA expression of Hl-Tre was ubiquitously detected in all selected tissues, with the highest level being detected in the intestine. By in situ hybridization (ISH), the positive Hl-Tre signals were observed in the brush borders of the intestinal mucosa. In embryonic and larval stages, the transcript levels of Hl-Tre decreased during embryonic development and increased after the pentactula stage. After a challenge of starvation, the intestinal Hl-Tre mRNA levels were observed to be first decreased and partially recovered thereafter. Overall, our study provided the first evidence for trehalase in echinoderms and showed that this enzyme was potentially linked to a trehalose metabolic pathway in sea cucumbers.
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119
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Gtgen3A, a novel plant GH3 β-glucosidase, modulates gentio-oligosaccharide metabolism in Gentiana. Biochem J 2018; 475:1309-1322. [PMID: 29581147 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gentiobiose, a β-1,6-linked glycosyl-disaccharide, accumulates abundantly in Gentianaceae and is involved in aspects of plant development, such as fruits ripening and release of bud dormancy. However, the mechanisms regulating the amount of gentio-oligosaccharide accumulation in plants remain obscure. The present study aimed to identify an enzyme that modulates gentio-oligosaccharide amount in gentian (Gentiana triflora). A protein responsible for gentiobiose hydrolysis, GtGen3A, was identified by partial purification and its peptide sequence analysis. The enzyme had a molecular mass of ∼67 kDa without a secretory signal peptide sequence. Sequence analysis revealed that GtGen3A could be a β-glucosidase member belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3). GtGen3A showed a homology to GH3 β-glucan exohydrolases, ExoI of Hordeum vulgare, and ExgI from Zea mays, which preferentially hydrolyzed β-1,3- and β-1,4-linked oligosaccharides. The purified recombinant GtGen3A (rGtGen3A) produced in Escherichia coli showed optimal reaction at pH 6.5 and 20°C. The rGtGen3A liberated glucose from β-1,2-, β-1,3-, β-1,4-, and β-1,6-linked oligosaccharides, and showed the highest activity toward gentiotriose among the substrates tested. Kinetic analysis also revealed that rGtGen3A preferentially hydrolyzed gentiotriose. Virus-induced gene silencing of Gtgen3A in gentian plantlets resulted in predominant accumulation of gentiotriose rather than gentiobiose. Furthermore, the expression level of Gtgen3A was almost similar to the amount of gentiobiose in field-grown gentians. These findings suggest that the main function of GtGen3A is the hydrolysis of gentiotriose to gentiobiose, and that GtGen3A plays a role in modulating gentiobiose amounts in gentian.
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120
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Minami A, Yano K, Gamuyao R, Nagai K, Kuroha T, Ayano M, Nakamori M, Koike M, Kondo Y, Niimi Y, Kuwata K, Suzuki T, Higashiyama T, Takebayashi Y, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Toyoda A, Fujiyama A, Kurata N, Ashikari M, Reuscher S. Time-Course Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals Key Responses of Submerged Deepwater Rice to Flooding. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:3081-3102. [PMID: 29475897 PMCID: PMC5884608 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Water submergence is an environmental factor that limits plant growth and survival. Deepwater rice (Oryza sativa) adapts to submergence by rapidly elongating its internodes and thereby maintaining its leaves above the water surface. We performed a comparative RNA sequencing transcriptome analysis of the shoot base region, including basal nodes, internodes, and shoot apices of seedlings at two developmental stages from two varieties with contrasting deepwater growth responses. A transcriptomic comparison between deepwater rice cv C9285 and nondeepwater rice cv Taichung 65 revealed both similar and differential expression patterns between the two genotypes during submergence. The expression of genes related to gibberellin biosynthesis, trehalose biosynthesis, anaerobic fermentation, cell wall modification, and transcription factors that include ethylene-responsive factors was significantly different between the varieties. Interestingly, in both varieties, the jasmonic acid content at the shoot base decreased during submergence, while exogenous jasmonic acid inhibited submergence-induced internode elongation in cv C9285, suggesting that jasmonic acid plays a role in the submergence response of rice. Furthermore, a targeted de novo transcript assembly revealed transcripts that were specific to cv C9285, including submergence-induced biotic stress-related genes. Our multifaceted transcriptome approach using the rice shoot base region illustrates a differential response to submergence between deepwater and nondeepwater rice. Jasmonic acid metabolism appears to participate in the submergence-mediated internode elongation response of deepwater rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzu Minami
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kenji Yano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Rico Gamuyao
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagai
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroha
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Madoka Ayano
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masanari Nakamori
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaya Koike
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuma Kondo
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoko Niimi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Asao Fujiyama
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Nori Kurata
- Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Ashikari
- Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Stefan Reuscher
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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121
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Oszvald M, Primavesi LF, Griffiths CA, Cohn J, Basu SS, Nuccio ML, Paul MJ. Trehalose 6-Phosphate Regulates Photosynthesis and Assimilate Partitioning in Reproductive Tissue. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:2623-2638. [PMID: 29437777 PMCID: PMC5884609 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic maize (Zea mays) that expresses rice (Oryza sativa) TREHALOSE PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE1 (TPP1) from the rice MADS6 promoter, which is active over the flowering period, produces higher yields than wild type. This yield increase occurs with or without drought conditions during flowering. To understand the mechanistic basis of the increased yield, we characterized gene expression and metabolite profiles in leaves and developing female reproductive tissue, comprising florets, node, pith, and shank, over the flowering period with and without drought. The MADS6 promoter was most active in the vasculature, particularly phloem companion cells in florets and pith, consistent with the largest decreases in trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) levels (2- to 3-fold) being found in pith and florets. Low T6P led to decreased gene expression for primary metabolism and increased gene expression for secondary metabolism, particularly lipid-related pathways. Despite similar changes in gene expression, the pith and floret displayed opposing assimilate profiles: sugars, sugar phosphates, amino acids, and lipids increased in florets, but decreased in pith. Possibly explaining this assimilate distribution, seven SWEET genes were found to be up-regulated in the transgenic plants. SnRK1 activity and the expression of the gene for the SnRK1 beta subunit, expression of SnRK1 marker genes, and endogenous trehalose pathway genes were also altered. Furthermore, leaves of the transgenic maize maintained a higher photosynthetic rate for a longer period compared to wild type. In conclusion, we found that decreasing T6P in reproductive tissues down-regulates primary metabolism and up-regulates secondary metabolism, resulting in different metabolite profiles in component tissues. Our data implicate T6P/ SnRK1 as a major regulator of whole-plant resource allocation for crop yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Oszvald
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia F Primavesi
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Cara A Griffiths
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Cohn
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, 9 Davis Drive, P.O. Box 12257, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Shib Sankar Basu
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, 9 Davis Drive, P.O. Box 12257, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Michael L Nuccio
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, 9 Davis Drive, P.O. Box 12257, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
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122
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Chen Q, Wang F, Li D, Zhang R, Ling Y. Trehalose metabolism genes render rice white tip nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) resistant to an anaerobic environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.171413. [PMID: 29158222 PMCID: PMC5868927 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.171413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
After experiencing anaerobic environments, Aphelenchoides besseyi will enter a state of suspended animation known as anoxybiosis, during which it may use trehalose as an energy supply to survive. To explore the function of trehalose metabolism, two trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) genes (Ab-tps1 and Ab-tps2) encoding enzymes catalysing trehalose synthesis, and three trehalase (TRE) genes (Ab-ntre1, Ab-ntre2 and Ab-atre) encoding enzymes catalysing the hydrolysis of trehalose, were identified and investigated. Ab-tps1 and Ab-tps2 were active during certain periods of anoxybiosis for A. besseyi, and Ab-tps2, Ab-ntre1, Ab-ntre2 and Ab-atre were active during certain periods of recovery. The results of RNA interference experiments suggested that TRE genes regulated each other and both TPS genes, while a single TPS gene only regulated the other TPS gene. However, two TPS genes together could regulate TRE genes, which indicated a feedback mechanism between these genes. All these genes also positively regulated the survival and resumption of active metabolism of the nematode. Genes functioning at re-aeration have a greater impact on nematode survival, suggesting that these genes could play roles in anoxybiosis regulation, but may function within restricted time frames. Changes in trehalose levels matched changes in TRE activity during the anoxybiosis–re-aeration process, suggesting that trehalose may act as an energy supply source. The observation of up-regulation of TPS genes during anoxybiosis suggested a possible signal role of trehalose. Trehalose metabolism genes could also work together to control trehalose levels at a certain level when the nematode is under anaerobic conditions. Summary: To ensure survival, nematodes utilize both extracellular and intracellular trehalose, and trehalose metabolism genes regulate each other to keep trehalose and trehalase activity at certain levels during the anoxybiosis–re-aeration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Chen
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Danlei Li
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Ruizhi Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Yaming Ling
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
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123
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Simon NML, Kusakina J, Fernández-López Á, Chembath A, Belbin FE, Dodd AN. The Energy-Signaling Hub SnRK1 Is Important for Sucrose-Induced Hypocotyl Elongation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1299-1310. [PMID: 29114081 PMCID: PMC5813536 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging seedlings respond to environmental conditions such as light and temperature to optimize their establishment. Seedlings grow initially through elongation of the hypocotyl, which is regulated by signaling pathways that integrate environmental information to regulate seedling development. The hypocotyls of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) also elongate in response to sucrose. Here, we investigated the role of cellular sugar-sensing mechanisms in the elongation of hypocotyls in response to Suc. We focused upon the role of SnRK1, which is a sugar-signaling hub that regulates metabolism and transcription in response to cellular energy status. We also investigated the role of TPS1, which synthesizes the signaling sugar trehalose-6-P that is proposed to regulate SnRK1 activity. Under light/dark cycles, we found that Suc-induced hypocotyl elongation did not occur in tps1 mutants and overexpressors of KIN10 (AKIN10/SnRK1.1), a catalytic subunit of SnRK1. We demonstrate that the magnitude of Suc-induced hypocotyl elongation depends on the day length and light intensity. We identified roles for auxin and gibberellin signaling in Suc-induced hypocotyl elongation under short photoperiods. We found that Suc-induced hypocotyl elongation under light/dark cycles does not involve another proposed sugar sensor, HEXOKINASE1, or the circadian oscillator. Our study identifies novel roles for KIN10 and TPS1 in mediating a signal that underlies Suc-induced hypocotyl elongation in light/dark cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriane M L Simon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jelena Kusakina
- Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ángela Fernández-López
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fiona E Belbin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Antony N Dodd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
- Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UJ, United Kingdom
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124
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Wingler A. Transitioning to the Next Phase: The Role of Sugar Signaling throughout the Plant Life Cycle. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1075-1084. [PMID: 28974627 PMCID: PMC5813577 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Developmental transitions depend on the availability of sufficient carbon resources, which is sensed by sugar signaling pathways for high and low carbon availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Wingler
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, T23 TK30, Cork, Ireland
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125
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Sasidharan R, Hartman S, Liu Z, Martopawiro S, Sajeev N, van Veen H, Yeung E, Voesenek LACJ. Signal Dynamics and Interactions during Flooding Stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1106-1117. [PMID: 29097391 PMCID: PMC5813540 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flooding is detrimental for nearly all higher plants, including crops. The compound stress elicited by slow gas exchange and low light levels under water is responsible for both a carbon and an energy crisis ultimately leading to plant death. The endogenous concentrations of four gaseous compounds, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ethylene, and nitric oxide, change during the submergence of plant organs in water. These gases play a pivotal role in signal transduction cascades, leading to adaptive processes such as metabolic adjustments and anatomical features. Of these gases, ethylene is seen as the most consistent, pervasive, and reliable signal of early flooding stress, most likely in tight interaction with the other gases. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells during flooding and directly after subsidence, during which the plant is confronted with high light and oxygen levels, is characteristic for this abiotic stress. Low, well-controlled levels of ROS are essential for adaptive signaling pathways, in interaction with the other gaseous flooding signals. On the other hand, excessive uncontrolled bursts of ROS can be highly damaging for plants. Therefore, a fine-tuned balance is important, with a major role for ROS production and scavenging. Our understanding of the temporal dynamics of the four gases and ROS is basal, whereas it is likely that they form a signature readout of prevailing flooding conditions and subsequent adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sjon Hartman
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zeguang Liu
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shanice Martopawiro
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nikita Sajeev
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van Veen
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elaine Yeung
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurentius A C J Voesenek
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Lin Y, Zhang J, Gao W, Chen Y, Li H, Lawlor DW, Paul MJ, Pan W. Exogenous trehalose improves growth under limiting nitrogen through upregulation of nitrogen metabolism. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:247. [PMID: 29258443 PMCID: PMC5738064 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The trehalose (Tre) pathway has strong effects on growth and development in plants through regulation of carbon metabolism. Altering either Tre or trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) can improve growth and productivity of plants as observed under different water availability. As yet, there are no reports of the effects of modification of Tre orT6P on plant performance under limiting nutrition. RESULTS Here we report that nitrogen (N) metabolism is positively affected by exogenous application of Tre in nitrogen-deficient growing conditions. Spraying foliage of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) with trehalose partially alleviated symptoms of nitrogen deficiency through upregulation of nitrate and ammonia assimilation and increasing activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glycolate oxidase (GO), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT) with concomitant changes in ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) concentrations, glutamine and amino acids. Chlorophyll and total nitrogen content of leaves and rates of photosynthesis were increased compared to nitrogen-deficient plants without applied Tre. Total plant biomass accumulation was also higher in Tre -fed nitrogen-deficient plants, with a smaller proportion of dry weight partitioned to roots, compared to nitrogen-deficient plants without applied Tre. Consistent with higher nitrogen assimilation and growth, Tre application reduced foliar starch. Minimal effects of Tre feeding were observed on nitrogen-sufficient plants. CONCLUSIONS The data show, for the first time, significant stimulatory effects of exogenous Tre on nitrogen metabolism and growth in plants growing under deficient nitrogen. Under such adverse conditions metabolism is regulated for survival rather than productivity. Application of Tre can alter this regulation towards maintenance of productive functions under low nitrogen. This has implications for considering approaches to modifying the Tre pathway for to improve crop nitrogen-use efficiency and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Lin
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China.
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China
| | - Weichang Gao
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxun Li
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China
| | - David W Lawlor
- Formerly Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Wenjie Pan
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guiyang, 550081, People's Republic of China
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Jin Y, Fei M, Rosenquist S, Jin L, Gohil S, Sandström C, Olsson H, Persson C, Höglund AS, Fransson G, Ruan Y, Åman P, Jansson C, Liu C, Andersson R, Sun C. A Dual-Promoter Gene Orchestrates the Sucrose-Coordinated Synthesis of Starch and Fructan in Barley. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1556-1570. [PMID: 29126994 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sequential carbohydrate synthesis is important for plant survival because it guarantees energy supplies for growth and development during plant ontogeny and reproduction. Starch and fructan are two important carbohydrates in many flowering plants and in human diets. Understanding this coordinated starch and fructan synthesis and unraveling how plants allocate photosynthates and prioritize different carbohydrate synthesis for survival could lead to improvements to cereals in agriculture for the purposes of greater food security and production quality. Here, we report a system from a single gene in barley employing two alternative promoters, one intronic/exonic, to generate two sequence-overlapping but functionally opposing transcription factors, in sensing sucrose, potentially via sucrose/glucose/fructose/trehalose 6-phosphate signaling. The system employs an autoregulatory mechanism in perceiving a sucrose-controlled trans activity on one promoter and orchestrating the coordinated starch and fructan synthesis by competitive transcription factor binding on the other promoter. As a case in point for the physiological roles of the system, we have demonstrated that this multitasking system can be exploited in breeding barley with tailored amounts of fructan to produce healthy food ingredients. The identification of an intron/exon-spanning promoter in a hosting gene, resulting in proteins with distinct functions, adds to the complexity of plant genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Jin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mingliang Fei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden; Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Sara Rosenquist
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lu Jin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Suresh Gohil
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Corine Sandström
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Olsson
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Persson
- The Swedish NMR Centre at University of Gothenburg, Box 465, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Stina Höglund
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Fransson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ying Ruan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Per Åman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Jansson
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K8-93, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Roger Andersson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
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128
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Fichtner F, Barbier FF, Feil R, Watanabe M, Annunziata MG, Chabikwa TG, Höfgen R, Stitt M, Beveridge CA, Lunn JE. Trehalose 6-phosphate is involved in triggering axillary bud outgrowth in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:611-623. [PMID: 28869799 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) is a signal of sucrose availability in plants, and has been implicated in the regulation of shoot branching by the abnormal branching phenotypes of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and maize (Zea mays) mutants with altered Tre6P metabolism. Decapitation of garden pea (Pisum sativum) plants has been proposed to release the dormancy of axillary buds lower down the stem due to changes in sucrose supply, and we hypothesized that this response is mediated by Tre6P. Decapitation led to a rapid and sustained rise in Tre6P levels in axillary buds, coinciding with the onset of bud outgrowth. This response was suppressed by simultaneous defoliation that restricts the supply of sucrose to axillary buds in decapitated plants. Decapitation also led to a rise in amino acid levels in buds, but a fall in phosphoenolpyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate. Supplying sucrose to stem node explants in vitro triggered a concentration-dependent increase in the Tre6P content of the buds that was highly correlated with their rate of outgrowth. These data show that changes in bud Tre6P levels are correlated with initiation of bud outgrowth following decapitation, suggesting that Tre6P is involved in the release of bud dormancy by sucrose. Tre6P might also be linked to a reconfiguration of carbon and nitrogen metabolism to support the subsequent growth of the bud into a new shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Fichtner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Francois F Barbier
- School of Biological Sciences and the Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Tinashe G Chabikwa
- School of Biological Sciences and the Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rainer Höfgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- School of Biological Sciences and the Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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129
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Griffiths CA, Paul MJ. Targeting carbon for crop yield and drought resilience. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4663-4671. [PMID: 28653336 PMCID: PMC5655914 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Current methods of crop improvement are not keeping pace with projected increases in population growth. Breeding, focused around key traits of stem height and disease resistance, delivered the step-change yield improvements of the green revolution of the 1960s. However, subsequently, yield increases through conventional breeding have been below the projected requirement of 2.4% per year required by 2050. Genetic modification (GM) mainly for herbicide tolerance and insect resistance has been transformational, akin to a second green revolution, although GM has yet to make major inroads into intrinsic yield processes themselves. Drought imposes the major restriction on crop yields globally but, as yet, has not benefited substantially from genetic improvement and still presents a major challenge to agriculture. Much still has to be learnt about the complex process of how drought limits yield and what should be targeted. Mechanisms of drought adaptation from the natural environment cannot be taken into crops without significant modification for the agricultural environment because mechanisms of drought tolerance are often in contrast with mechanisms of high productivity required in agriculture. However, through convergence of fundamental and translational science, it would appear that a mechanism of sucrose allocation in crops can be modified for both productivity and resilience to drought and other stresses. Recent publications show how this mechanism can be targeted by GM, natural variation and a new chemical approach. Here, with an emphasis on drought, we highlight how understanding fundamental science about how crops grow, develop and what limits their growth and yield can be combined with targeted genetic selection and pioneering chemical intervention technology for transformational yield improvements. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara A Griffiths
- Plant Science, Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Plant Science, Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
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130
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Yatsyshyn VY, Kvasko AY, Yemets AI. Genetic approaches in research on the role of trehalose in plants. CYTOL GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452717050127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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131
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Paul MJ, Oszvald M, Jesus C, Rajulu C, Griffiths CA. Increasing crop yield and resilience with trehalose 6-phosphate: targeting a feast-famine mechanism in cereals for better source-sink optimization. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4455-4462. [PMID: 28981769 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Food security is a pressing global issue. New approaches are required to break through a yield ceiling that has developed in recent years for the major crops. As important as increasing yield potential is the protection of yield from abiotic stresses in an increasingly variable and unpredictable climate. Current strategies to improve yield include conventional breeding, marker-assisted breeding, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), mutagenesis, creation of hybrids, genetic modification (GM), emerging genome-editing technologies, and chemical approaches. A regulatory mechanism amenable to three of these approaches has great promise for large yield improvements. Trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) synthesized in the low-flux trehalose biosynthetic pathway signals the availability of sucrose in plant cells as part of a whole-plant sucrose homeostatic mechanism. Modifying T6P content by GM, marker-assisted selection, and novel chemistry has improved yield in three major cereals under a range of water availabilities from severe drought through to flooding. Yield improvements have been achieved by altering carbon allocation and how carbon is used. Targeting T6P both temporally and spatially offers great promise for large yield improvements in productive (up to 20%) and marginal environments (up to 120%). This opinion paper highlights this important breakthrough in fundamental science for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Paul
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Maria Oszvald
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Claudia Jesus
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Charukesi Rajulu
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Cara A Griffiths
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
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132
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Chen Q, Lu X, Guo X, Guo Q, Li D. Metabolomics Characterization of Two Apocynaceae Plants, Catharanthus roseus and Vinca minor, Using GC-MS and LC-MS Methods in Combination. Molecules 2017; 22:E997. [PMID: 28629120 PMCID: PMC6152753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) and Vinca minor (V. minor) are two common important medical plants belonging to the family Apocynaceae. In this study, we used non-targeted GC-MS and targeted LC-MS metabolomics to dissect the metabolic profile of two plants with comparable phenotypic and metabolic differences. A total of 58 significantly different metabolites were present in different quantities according to PCA and PLS-DA score plots of the GC-MS analysis. The 58 identified compounds comprised 16 sugars, eight amino acids, nine alcohols and 18 organic acids. We subjected these metabolites into KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and highlighted 27 metabolic pathways, concentrated on the TCA cycle, glycometabolism, oligosaccharides, and polyol and lipid transporter (RFOS). Among the primary metabolites, trehalose, raffinose, digalacturonic acid and gallic acid were revealed to be the most significant marker compounds between the two plants, presumably contributing to species-specific phenotypic and metabolic discrepancy. The profiling of nine typical alkaloids in both plants using LC-MS method highlighted higher levels of crucial terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA) intermediates of loganin, serpentine, and tabersonine in V. minor than in C. roseus. The possible underlying process of the metabolic flux from primary metabolism pathways to TIA synthesis was discussed and proposed. Generally speaking, this work provides a full-scale comparison of primary and secondary metabolites between two medical plants and a metabolic explanation of their TIA accumulation and phenotype differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xueyan Lu
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Qingxi Guo
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Dewen Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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133
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Santelia D, Lunn JE. Transitory Starch Metabolism in Guard Cells: Unique Features for a Unique Function. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:539-549. [PMID: 28292855 PMCID: PMC5462065 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The pathway and timing of starch turnover in guard cells differs from mesophyll cells and is linked to stomatal opening in the light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Santelia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland (D.S.); and
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (J.E.L.)
| | - John E Lunn
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland (D.S.); and
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (J.E.L.)
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134
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Taguchi Y, Saburi W, Imai R, Mori H. Evaluation of acceptor selectivity of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis trehalose 6-phosphate phosphorylase in the reverse phosphorolysis and synthesis of a new sugar phosphate. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1512-1519. [PMID: 28537141 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1329620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate phosphorylase (TrePP), a member of glycoside hydrolase family 65, catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) with inversion of the anomeric configuration to produce β-d-glucose 1-phosphate (β-Glc1P) and d-glucose 6-phosphate (Glc6P). TrePP in Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis (LlTrePP) is, alongside the phosphotransferase system, involved in the metabolism of trehalose. In this study, recombinant LlTrePP was produced and characterized. It showed its highest reverse phosphorolytic activity at pH 4.8 and 40°C, and was stable in the pH range 5.0-8.0 and at up to 30°C. Kinetic analyses indicated that reverse phosphorolysis of Tre6P proceeded through a sequential bi bi mechanism involving the formation of a ternary complex of the enzyme, β-Glc1P, and Glc6P. Suitable acceptor substrates were Glc6P, and, at a low level, d-mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P). From β-Glc1P and Man6P, a novel sugar phosphate, α-d-Glcp-(1↔1)-α-d-Manp6P, was synthesized with 51% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yodai Taguchi
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Wataru Saburi
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Ryozo Imai
- b Division of Applied Genetics , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- a Research Faculty of Agriculture , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
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135
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Ramon M, Rolland F. Chemical Intervention: New Tools to Dissect Metabolic Signaling. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:353-355. [PMID: 28392158 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic intermediate trehalose-6-P (T6P) has emerged as a key regulator of plant growth and development, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. A recent publication reported a new chemical intervention strategy, providing a powerful tool to dissect T6P-mediated metabolic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ramon
- European Food Safety Authority, 43126 Parma PR, Italy
| | - Filip Rolland
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven - KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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136
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Rezapoor H, Aghdasi M, Sadeghipoor HR. The Impacts of TRR14-Overexpression on Arabidopsis thaliana Growth and Photosynthetic Parameters. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 15:33-41. [PMID: 28959350 PMCID: PMC5582251 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TRR14 protein is a small protein, a member of a multigene family in Arabidopsis which was found as the fi rst protein during screening seedlings for their resistant to the trehalose sugar. OBJECTIVES A number of TRR14-overexpressing plants were subjected to the characterization in the present research, among which, the associated morphological features and changes accompany growth pattern and photosynthesis related parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS TRR14 gene was isolated from Arabidopsis Thaliana and cloned into the pBin-35S vector. Recombinant vector was transferred to the Arabidopsis (Col-0) via Agrobacterium tumefaciens using the Floral Dipping method. Seeds from the TRR14 overexpressed (TRR14) and the Col-0 wild-type (WT) plants were shown on soil under long day conditions. Several measurements were then performed including determination of the fresh and dry weights, leaf area, chlorophyll a and b (Chl a and Chl b) content, Chl a/b ratio, total chlorophyll and carotenoids content, soluble and insoluble sugars content, total and soluble protein content, the Hill reaction rate, chlorophyll fl uorescence, as well as photorespiration rate. Meanwhile, the chloroplastic proteins were investigated by SDS-PAGE analysis. RESULTS TRR14 plants showed a signifi cant increase in fresh and dry weights, leaf area, and total and soluble protein content along with a signifi cant decrease in the insoluble sugar contents was observed in comparison to the WT plants. Chl a, Chl b, total chlorophyll content, Chl a/b ratio, carotenoids content, Hill reaction rate, and chlorophyll fl uorescence didn't show a signifi cant diff erence between TRR14 and WT plants. The SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis of the chloroplastic proteins showed a thick band with a molecular mass of 25 kDa in TRR14-overexpressed plants, compared to the WT plants. Remarkably, photorespiration rate was decreased in TRR14 plants compared to WT plants. CONCLUSION The increased biomass of TRR14 transformed plants might be due to its ability in reducing photorespiration through concentrating CO2 in the leaf's intercellular spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahnaz Aghdasi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, P.O.Box: 159, Iran
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137
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Zhang W, Lunn JE, Feil R, Wang Y, Zhao J, Tao H, Guo Y, Zhao Z. Trehalose 6-phosphate signal is closely related to sorbitol in apple ( Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Gala). Biol Open 2017; 6:260-268. [PMID: 28069587 PMCID: PMC5312103 DOI: 10.1242/bio.022301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) is a precursor of trehalose, which is widespread in nature and greatly influences plant growth and development. Tre6P acts as a signal of carbon availability in many plants, but little is known about the function of Tre6P in rosaceous plants, which have specific sorbitol biosynthesis and transportation pathways. In the present study, Tre6P levels and Sorbitol:Tre6P ratios were analyzed in apple (Malus domestica, Borkh. cv. Gala). Tre6P levels were positively correlated with sorbitol content but negatively correlated with sucrose, glucose, and fructose content in developing fruit. However, under sorbitol-limited conditions, Tre6P levels were positively correlated with both sorbitol and sucrose. In the presence of different exogenous sugar supply, Tre6P levels increased corresponding with sorbitol, but this was not the case with sucrose. In addition, Tre6P content and sorbitol:Tre6P ratios were more highly correlated with ADP-glucose levels under sorbitol-limited conditions and fruit development stages, respectively. These results suggest that Tre6P is more closely related to sorbitol than other soluble sugars and has an important role in influencing carbon metabolism in apple. Summary: Metabolite analysis of the Tre6P pathway in apple fruit, Malus domestica, reveals that Tre6P levels were highly and positively correlated with sorbitol content, but not with sucrose content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Metabolic Networks Group, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm D-14476, Germany
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Metabolic Networks Group, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm D-14476, Germany
| | - Yufei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongxia Tao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanping Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China .,Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Apple, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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138
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Molesini B, Zanzoni S, Mennella G, Francese G, Losa A, L Rotino G, Pandolfini T. The Arabidopsis N-Acetylornithine Deacetylase Controls Ornithine Biosynthesis via a Linear Pathway with Downstream Effects on Polyamine Levels. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:130-144. [PMID: 28064246 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana At4g17830 codes for a protein showing sequence similarity with the Escherichia coli N-acetylornithine deacetylase (EcArgE), an enzyme implicated in the linear ornithine (Orn) biosynthetic pathway. In plants, N-acetylornithine deacetylase (NAOD) activity has yet to be demonstrated; however, At4g17830-silenced and mutant (atnaod) plants display an impaired reproductive phenotype and altered foliar levels of Orn and polyamines (PAs). Here, we showed the direct connection between At4g17830 function and Orn biosynthesis, demonstrating biochemically that At4g17830 codes for a NAOD. These results are the first experimental proof that Orn can be produced in Arabidopsis via a linear pathway. In this study, to identify the role of AtNAOD in reproductive organs, we carried out a transcriptomic analysis on atnaod mutant and wild-type flowers. In the atnaod mutant, the most relevant effects were the reduced expression of cysteine-rich peptide-coding genes, known to regulate male-female cross-talk during reproduction, and variation in the expression of genes involved in nitrogen:carbon (N:C) status. The atnaod mutant also exhibited increased levels of sucrose and altered sensitivity to glucose. We hypothesize that AtNAOD participates in Orn and PA homeostasis, contributing to maintain an optimal N:C balance during reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Molesini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Serena Zanzoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mennella
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Orticoltura, Pontecagnano-Faiano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Gianluca Francese
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l'Orticoltura, Pontecagnano-Faiano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Alessia Losa
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Unità di ricerca per l'Orticoltura (ORL), Montanaso Lombardo (Lodi), Italy
| | - Giuseppe L Rotino
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Unità di ricerca per l'Orticoltura (ORL), Montanaso Lombardo (Lodi), Italy
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139
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Voogd C, Brian LA, Varkonyi-Gasic E. Two Subclasses of Differentially Expressed TPS1 Genes and Biochemically Active TPS1 Proteins May Contribute to Sugar Signalling in Kiwifruit Actinidia chinensis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168075. [PMID: 27992562 PMCID: PMC5167275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose metabolism and its intermediate trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) are implicated in sensing and signalling sucrose availability. Four class I TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (TPS1) genes were identified in kiwifruit, three of which have both the TPS and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) domain, while the fourth gene gives rise to a truncated transcript. The transcript with highest sequence homology to Arabidopsis TPS1, designated TPS1.1a was the most highly abundant TPS1 transcript in all examined kiwifruit tissues. An additional exon giving rise to a small N-terminal extension was found for two of the TPS1 transcripts, designated TPS1.2a and TPS1.2b. Homology in sequence and gene structure with TPS1 genes from Solanaceae suggests they belong to a separate, asterid-specific class I TPS subclade. Expression of full-length and potential splice variants of these two kiwifruit TPS1.2 transcripts was sufficient to substitute for the lack of functional TPS1 in the yeast tps1Δ tps2Δ mutant, but only weak complementation was detected in the yeast tps1Δ mutant, and no or very weak complementation was obtained with the TPS1.1a construct. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing kiwifruit TPS1.2 under the control of 35S promoter exhibited growth and morphological defects. We investigated the responses of plants to elevated kiwifruit TPS1 activity at the transcriptional level, using transient expression of TPS1.2a in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, followed by RNA-seq. Differentially expressed genes were identified as candidates for future functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Voogd
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lara A. Brian
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
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140
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Broeckx T, Hulsmans S, Rolland F. The plant energy sensor: evolutionary conservation and divergence of SnRK1 structure, regulation, and function. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6215-6252. [PMID: 27856705 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The SnRK1 (SNF1-related kinase 1) kinases are the plant cellular fuel gauges, activated in response to energy-depleting stress conditions to maintain energy homeostasis while also gatekeeping important developmental transitions for optimal growth and survival. Similar to their opisthokont counterparts (animal AMP-activated kinase, AMPK, and yeast Sucrose Non-Fermenting 1, SNF), they function as heterotrimeric complexes with a catalytic (kinase) α subunit and regulatory β and γ subunits. Although the overall configuration of the kinase complexes is well conserved, plant-specific structural modifications (including a unique hybrid βγ subunit) and associated differences in regulation reflect evolutionary divergence in response to fundamentally different lifestyles. While AMP is the key metabolic signal activating AMPK in animals, the plant kinases appear to be allosterically inhibited by sugar-phosphates. Their function is further fine-tuned by differential subunit expression, localization, and diverse post-translational modifications. The SnRK1 kinases act by direct phosphorylation of key metabolic enzymes and regulatory proteins, extensive transcriptional regulation (e.g. through bZIP transcription factors), and down-regulation of TOR (target of rapamycin) kinase signaling. Significant progress has been made in recent years. New tools and more directed approaches will help answer important fundamental questions regarding their structure, regulation, and function, as well as explore their potential as targets for selection and modification for improved plant performance in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Broeckx
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven-KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Hulsmans
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven-KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Rolland
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven-KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium
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141
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Analysis of low abundant trehalose-6-phosphate and related metabolites in Medicago truncatula by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1477:30-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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142
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Arnault I, Lombarkia N, Joy-Ondet S, Romet L, Brahim I, Meradi R, Nasri A, Auger J, Derridj S. Foliar application of microdoses of sucrose to reduce codling moth Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) damage to apple trees. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:1901-1909. [PMID: 26757395 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of foliar applications of microdoses of sucrose to reduce the damage by the codling moth have been reported from nine trials carried in France and Algeria from 2009 to 2014. The activity of sucrose alone was assessed by comparison with an untreated control and some treatments with the Cydia pomonella granulovirus or a chemical insecticide. The addition of sucrose to these different treatments was also investigated. RESULTS The application of sucrose at 0.01% reduced the means of infested fruits with a value of Abbott's efficacy of 41.0 ± 10.0%. This involved the induction of resistance by antixenosis to insect egg laying. Indeed, it seems that acceptance of egg laying on leaves treated with sucrose was reduced. The addition of sucrose to thiacloprid improved its efficacy (59.5% ± 12.8) by 18.4%. However, the sucrose had no added value when associated with C. pomonella granulovirus treatments. CONCLUSION Foliar applications of microdoses of sucrose every 20 days in commercial orchards can partially protect against the codling moth. Its addition to thiacloprid increases the efficacy in integrated control strategies, contrary to C. pomonella granulovirus treatments. This work opens a route for the development of new biocontrol strategies. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Arnault
- CETU Innophyt, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nadia Lombarkia
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Techniques de Protection Phytosanitaire en Agro-système Montagneux, Département d'Agronomie, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires et des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | | | - Lionel Romet
- Coopérative Agricole Provence Languedoc, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Imene Brahim
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Techniques de Protection Phytosanitaire en Agro-système Montagneux, Département d'Agronomie, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires et des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Rahma Meradi
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Techniques de Protection Phytosanitaire en Agro-système Montagneux, Département d'Agronomie, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires et des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Ardjouna Nasri
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration des Techniques de Protection Phytosanitaire en Agro-système Montagneux, Département d'Agronomie, Institut des Sciences Vétérinaires et des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - Jacques Auger
- IRBI, UMR CNRS 7261, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
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143
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Li L, Sheen J. Dynamic and diverse sugar signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 33:116-125. [PMID: 27423125 PMCID: PMC5050104 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sugars fuel life and exert numerous regulatory actions that are fundamental to all life forms. There are two principal mechanisms underlie sugar 'perception and signal transduction' in biological systems. Direct sensing and signaling is triggered via sugar-binding sensors with a broad range of affinity and specificity, whereas sugar-derived bioenergetic molecules and metabolites modulate signaling proteins and indirectly relay sugar signals. This review discusses the emerging sugar signals and potential sugar sensors discovered in plant systems. The findings leading to informative understanding of physiological regulation by sugars are considered and assessed. Comparative transcriptome analyses highlight the primary and dynamic sugar responses and reveal the convergent and specific regulators of key biological processes in the sugar-signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jen Sheen
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA.
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144
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Czedik-Eysenberg A, Arrivault S, Lohse MA, Feil R, Krohn N, Encke B, Nunes-Nesi A, Fernie AR, Lunn JE, Sulpice R, Stitt M. The Interplay between Carbon Availability and Growth in Different Zones of the Growing Maize Leaf. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:943-967. [PMID: 27582314 PMCID: PMC5047066 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants assimilate carbon in their photosynthetic tissues in the light. However, carbon is required during the night and in nonphotosynthetic organs. It is therefore essential that plants manage their carbon resources spatially and temporally and coordinate growth with carbon availability. In growing maize (Zea mays) leaf blades, a defined developmental gradient facilitates analyses in the cell division, elongation, and mature zones. We investigated the responses of the metabolome and transcriptome and polysome loading, as a qualitative proxy for protein synthesis, at dusk, dawn, and 6, 14, and 24 h into an extended night, and tracked whole-leaf elongation over this time course. Starch and sugars are depleted by dawn in the mature zone, but only after an extension of the night in the elongation and division zones. Sucrose (Suc) recovers partially between 14 and 24 h into the extended night in the growth zones, but not the mature zone. The global metabolome and transcriptome track these zone-specific changes in Suc. Leaf elongation and polysome loading in the growth zones also remain high at dawn, decrease between 6 and 14 h into the extended night, and then partially recover, indicating that growth processes are determined by local carbon status. The level of Suc-signaling metabolite trehalose-6-phosphate, and the trehalose-6-phosphate:Suc ratio are much higher in growth than mature zones at dusk and dawn but fall in the extended night. Candidate genes were identified by searching for transcripts that show characteristic temporal response patterns or contrasting responses to carbon starvation in growth and mature zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Czedik-Eysenberg
- Gregor-Mendel-Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, 1030 Vienna, Austria (A.C.-E.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (S.A., R.F., N.K., B.E., A.R.F., J.E.L., M.S.);Targenomix GmbH, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (M.A.L.);Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brasil (A.N.-N.); andPlant Systems Biology Lab, Plant AgriBiosciences, C314 Aras de Brun, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (R.S.)
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Gregor-Mendel-Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, 1030 Vienna, Austria (A.C.-E.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (S.A., R.F., N.K., B.E., A.R.F., J.E.L., M.S.);Targenomix GmbH, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (M.A.L.);Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brasil (A.N.-N.); andPlant Systems Biology Lab, Plant AgriBiosciences, C314 Aras de Brun, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (R.S.)
| | - Marc A Lohse
- Gregor-Mendel-Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, 1030 Vienna, Austria (A.C.-E.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (S.A., R.F., N.K., B.E., A.R.F., J.E.L., M.S.);Targenomix GmbH, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (M.A.L.);Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brasil (A.N.-N.); andPlant Systems Biology Lab, Plant AgriBiosciences, C314 Aras de Brun, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (R.S.)
| | - Regina Feil
- Gregor-Mendel-Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, 1030 Vienna, Austria (A.C.-E.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (S.A., R.F., N.K., B.E., A.R.F., J.E.L., M.S.);Targenomix GmbH, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (M.A.L.);Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brasil (A.N.-N.); andPlant Systems Biology Lab, Plant AgriBiosciences, C314 Aras de Brun, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (R.S.)
| | - Nicole Krohn
- Gregor-Mendel-Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, 1030 Vienna, Austria (A.C.-E.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (S.A., R.F., N.K., B.E., A.R.F., J.E.L., M.S.);Targenomix GmbH, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (M.A.L.);Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brasil (A.N.-N.); andPlant Systems Biology Lab, Plant AgriBiosciences, C314 Aras de Brun, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (R.S.)
| | - Beatrice Encke
- Gregor-Mendel-Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, 1030 Vienna, Austria (A.C.-E.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (S.A., R.F., N.K., B.E., A.R.F., J.E.L., M.S.);Targenomix GmbH, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (M.A.L.);Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brasil (A.N.-N.); andPlant Systems Biology Lab, Plant AgriBiosciences, C314 Aras de Brun, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (R.S.)
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Gregor-Mendel-Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, 1030 Vienna, Austria (A.C.-E.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (S.A., R.F., N.K., B.E., A.R.F., J.E.L., M.S.);Targenomix GmbH, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (M.A.L.);Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brasil (A.N.-N.); andPlant Systems Biology Lab, Plant AgriBiosciences, C314 Aras de Brun, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (R.S.)
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Gregor-Mendel-Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, 1030 Vienna, Austria (A.C.-E.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (S.A., R.F., N.K., B.E., A.R.F., J.E.L., M.S.);Targenomix GmbH, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (M.A.L.);Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brasil (A.N.-N.); andPlant Systems Biology Lab, Plant AgriBiosciences, C314 Aras de Brun, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (R.S.)
| | - John E Lunn
- Gregor-Mendel-Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, 1030 Vienna, Austria (A.C.-E.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (S.A., R.F., N.K., B.E., A.R.F., J.E.L., M.S.);Targenomix GmbH, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (M.A.L.);Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brasil (A.N.-N.); andPlant Systems Biology Lab, Plant AgriBiosciences, C314 Aras de Brun, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (R.S.)
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Gregor-Mendel-Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, 1030 Vienna, Austria (A.C.-E.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (S.A., R.F., N.K., B.E., A.R.F., J.E.L., M.S.);Targenomix GmbH, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (M.A.L.);Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brasil (A.N.-N.); andPlant Systems Biology Lab, Plant AgriBiosciences, C314 Aras de Brun, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (R.S.)
| | - Mark Stitt
- Gregor-Mendel-Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, 1030 Vienna, Austria (A.C.-E.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (S.A., R.F., N.K., B.E., A.R.F., J.E.L., M.S.);Targenomix GmbH, 14476 Potsdam, Germany (M.A.L.);Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brasil (A.N.-N.); andPlant Systems Biology Lab, Plant AgriBiosciences, C314 Aras de Brun, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland (R.S.)
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145
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Figueroa CM, Lunn JE. A Tale of Two Sugars: Trehalose 6-Phosphate and Sucrose. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:7-27. [PMID: 27482078 PMCID: PMC5074632 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), the intermediate of trehalose biosynthesis, is an essential signal metabolite in plants, linking growth and development to carbon status. The Suc-Tre6P nexus model postulates that Tre6P is both a signal and negative feedback regulator of Suc levels, forming part of a mechanism to maintain Suc levels within an optimal range and functionally comparable to the insulin-glucagon system for regulating blood Glc levels in animals. The target range and sensitivity of the Tre6P-Suc feedback control circuit can be adjusted according to the cell type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. In source leaves, Tre6P modulates Suc levels by affecting Suc synthesis, whereas in sink organs it regulates Suc consumption. In illuminated leaves, Tre6P influences the partitioning of photoassimilates between Suc, organic acids, and amino acids via posttranslational regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and nitrate reductase. At night, Tre6P regulates the remobilization of leaf starch reserves to Suc, potentially linking starch turnover in source leaves to carbon demand from developing sink organs. Use of Suc for growth in developing tissues is strongly influenced by the antagonistic activities of two protein kinases: SUC-NON-FERMENTING-1-RELATED KINASE1 (SnRK1) and TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR). The relationship between Tre6P and SnRK1 in developing tissues is complex and not yet fully resolved, involving both direct and indirect mechanisms, and positive and negative effects. No direct connection between Tre6P and TOR has yet been described. The roles of Tre6P in abiotic stress tolerance and stomatal regulation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina (C.M.F.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (J.E.L.)
| | - John E Lunn
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina (C.M.F.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (J.E.L.)
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146
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Van Dingenen J, De Milde L, Vermeersch M, Maleux K, De Rycke R, De Bruyne M, Storme V, Gonzalez N, Dhondt S, Inzé D. Chloroplasts Are Central Players in Sugar-Induced Leaf Growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:590-605. [PMID: 26932234 PMCID: PMC4854676 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are the plant's powerhouses, providing energy for all organs through sugar production during photosynthesis. However, sugars serve not only as a metabolic energy source for sink tissues but also as signaling molecules, affecting gene expression through conserved signaling pathways to regulate plant growth and development. Here, we describe an in vitro experimental assay, allowing one to alter the sucrose (Suc) availability during early Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf development, with the aim to identify the affected cellular and molecular processes. The transfer of seedlings to Suc-containing medium showed a profound effect on leaf growth by stimulating cell proliferation and postponing the transition to cell expansion. Furthermore, rapidly after transfer to Suc, mesophyll cells contained fewer and smaller plastids, which are irregular in shape and contain fewer starch granules compared with control mesophyll cells. Short-term transcriptional responses after transfer to Suc revealed the repression of well-known sugar-responsive genes and multiple genes encoded by the plastid, on the one hand, and up-regulation of a GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER (GPT2), on the other hand. Mutant gpt2 seedlings showed no stimulation of cell proliferation and no repression of chloroplast-encoded transcripts when transferred to Suc, suggesting that GPT2 plays a critical role in the Suc-mediated effects on early leaf growth. Our findings, therefore, suggest that induction of GPT2 expression by Suc increases the import of glucose-6-phosphate into the plastids that would repress chloroplast-encoded transcripts, restricting chloroplast differentiation. Retrograde signaling from the plastids would then delay the transition to cell expansion and stimulate cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Van Dingenen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.); andDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.)
| | - Liesbeth De Milde
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.); andDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.)
| | - Mattias Vermeersch
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.); andDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.)
| | - Katrien Maleux
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.); andDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.)
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.); andDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.)
| | - Michiel De Bruyne
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.); andDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.)
| | - Véronique Storme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.); andDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.)
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.); andDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.)
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.); andDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.)
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.); andDepartment of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium (J.V.D., L.D.M., M.V., K.M., R.D.R., M.D.B., V.S., N.G., S.D., D.I.)
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147
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Kebrom TH, Mullet JE. Transcriptome Profiling of Tiller Buds Provides New Insights into PhyB Regulation of Tillering and Indeterminate Growth in Sorghum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:2232-50. [PMID: 26893475 PMCID: PMC4824614 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytochrome B (phyB) enables plants to modify shoot branching or tillering in response to varying light intensities and ratios of red and far-red light caused by shading and neighbor proximity. Tillering is inhibited in sorghum genotypes that lack phytochrome B (58M, phyB-1) until after floral initiation. The growth of tiller buds in the first leaf axil of wild-type (100M, PHYB) and phyB-1 sorghum genotypes is similar until 6 d after planting when buds of phyB-1 arrest growth, while wild-type buds continue growing and develop into tillers. Transcriptome analysis at this early stage of bud development identified numerous genes that were up to 50-fold differentially expressed in wild-type/phyB-1 buds. Up-regulation of terminal flower1, GA2oxidase, and TPPI could protect axillary meristems in phyB-1 from precocious floral induction and decrease bud sensitivity to sugar signals. After bud growth arrest in phyB-1, expression of dormancy-associated genes such as DRM1, GT1, AF1, and CKX1 increased and ENOD93, ACCoxidase, ARR3/6/9, CGA1, and SHY2 decreased. Continued bud outgrowth in wild-type was correlated with increased expression of genes encoding a SWEET transporter and cell wall invertases. The SWEET transporter may facilitate Suc unloading from the phloem to the apoplast where cell wall invertases generate monosaccharides for uptake and utilization to sustain bud outgrowth. Elevated expression of these genes was correlated with higher levels of cytokinin/sugar signaling in growing buds of wild-type plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfamichael H Kebrom
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 (T.H.K., J.E.M.)
| | - John E Mullet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 (T.H.K., J.E.M.)
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148
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Lauxmann MA, Annunziata MG, Brunoud G, Wahl V, Koczut A, Burgos A, Olas JJ, Maximova E, Abel C, Schlereth A, Soja AM, Bläsing OE, Lunn JE, Vernoux T, Stitt M. Reproductive failure in Arabidopsis thaliana under transient carbohydrate limitation: flowers and very young siliques are jettisoned and the meristem is maintained to allow successful resumption of reproductive growth. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:745-67. [PMID: 26351840 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The impact of transient carbon depletion on reproductive growth in Arabidopsis was investigated by transferring long-photoperiod-grown plants to continuous darkness and returning them to a light-dark cycle. After 2 days of darkness, carbon reserves were depleted in reproductive sinks, and RNA in situ hybridization of marker transcripts showed that carbon starvation responses had been initiated in the meristem, anthers and ovules. Dark treatments of 2 or more days resulted in a bare-segment phenotype on the floral stem, with 23-27 aborted siliques. These resulted from impaired growth of immature siliques and abortion of mature and immature flowers. Depolarization of PIN1 protein and increased DII-VENUS expression pointed to rapid collapse of auxin gradients in the meristem and inhibition of primordia initiation. After transfer back to a light-dark cycle, flowers appeared and formed viable siliques and seeds. A similar phenotype was seen after transfer to sub-compensation point irradiance or CO2 . It also appeared in a milder form after a moderate decrease in irradiance and developed spontaneously in short photoperiods. We conclude that Arabidopsis inhibits primordia initiation and aborts flowers and very young siliques in C-limited conditions. This curtails demand, safeguarding meristem function and allowing renewal of reproductive growth when carbon becomes available again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Lauxmann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Maria G Annunziata
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Géraldine Brunoud
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, ENS Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69364, France
| | - Vanessa Wahl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Andrzej Koczut
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Asdrubal Burgos
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Justyna J Olas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Eugenia Maximova
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Christin Abel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Armin Schlereth
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Aleksandra M Soja
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Oliver E Bläsing
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Metanomics GmbH, Tegeler Weg 33, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, INRA, ENS Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69364, France
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
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149
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Nuccio ML, Wu J, Mowers R, Zhou HP, Meghji M, Primavesi LF, Paul MJ, Chen X, Gao Y, Haque E, Basu SS, Lagrimini LM. Expression of trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase in maize ears improves yield in well-watered and drought conditions. Nat Biotechnol 2016; 33:862-9. [PMID: 26473199 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Maize, the highest-yielding cereal crop worldwide, is particularly susceptible to drought during its 2- to 3-week flowering period. Many genetic engineering strategies for drought tolerance impinge on plant development, reduce maximum yield potential or do not translate from laboratory conditions to the field. We overexpressed a gene encoding a rice trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) in developing maize ears using a floral promoter. This reduced the concentration of trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P), a sugar signal that regulates growth and development, and increased the concentration of sucrose in ear spikelets. Overexpression of TPP increased both kernel set and harvest index. Field data at several sites and over multiple seasons showed that the engineered trait improved yields from 9% to 49% under non-drought or mild drought conditions, and from 31% to 123% under more severe drought conditions, relative to yields from nontransgenic controls.
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150
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Figueroa CM, Feil R, Ishihara H, Watanabe M, Kölling K, Krause U, Höhne M, Encke B, Plaxton WC, Zeeman SC, Li Z, Schulze WX, Hoefgen R, Stitt M, Lunn JE. Trehalose 6-phosphate coordinates organic and amino acid metabolism with carbon availability. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 85:410-23. [PMID: 26714615 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) is an essential signal metabolite in plants, linking growth and development to carbon metabolism. The sucrose-Tre6P nexus model postulates that Tre6P acts as both a signal and negative feedback regulator of sucrose levels. To test this model, short-term metabolic responses to induced increases in Tre6P levels were investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing the Escherichia coli Tre6P synthase gene (otsA) under the control of an ethanol-inducible promoter. Increased Tre6P levels led to a transient decrease in sucrose content, post-translational activation of nitrate reductase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and increased levels of organic and amino acids. Radio-isotope ((14)CO2) and stable isotope ((13)CO2) labelling experiments showed no change in the rates of photoassimilate export in plants with elevated Tre6P, but increased labelling of organic acids. We conclude that high Tre6P levels decrease sucrose levels by stimulating nitrate assimilation and anaplerotic synthesis of organic acids, thereby diverting photoassimilates away from sucrose to generate carbon skeletons and fixed nitrogen for amino acid synthesis. These results are consistent with the sucrose-Tre6P nexus model, and implicate Tre6P in coordinating carbon and nitrogen metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Figueroa
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Ishihara
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Katharina Kölling
- Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Krause
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Melanie Höhne
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Beatrice Encke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - William C Plaxton
- Department of Biology and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Samuel C Zeeman
- Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Waltraud X Schulze
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
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