101
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Impact of skeletal muscle IL-6 on regulation of liver and adipose tissue metabolism during fasting. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1597-1613. [PMID: 30069669 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The liver and adipose tissue are important tissues in whole-body metabolic regulation during fasting. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a cytokine shown to be secreted from contracting muscle in humans and suggested to signal to the liver and adipose tissue. Furthermore, skeletal muscle IL-6 has been proposed to play a role during fasting. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of skeletal muscle IL-6 in the regulation of substrate production in the liver and adipose tissue during fasting. Male skeletal muscle-specific IL-6 knockout (IL-6 MKO) mice and littermate floxed (control) mice fasted for 6 or 18 h (6 h fasting or 18 h fasting) with corresponding fed control groups (6 h fed or 18 h fed) and liver and adipose tissue were quickly obtained. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate increased and hepatic glucose, lactate and glycogen decreased with fasting. In addition, fasting increased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase protein and phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in the liver as well as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL)Ser660 and HSLSer563 phosphorylation, PDH phosphorylation, adipose triglyceride lipase phosphorylation and perilipin phosphorylation and protein content in adipose tissue without any effect of lack of skeletal muscle IL-6. In conclusion, fasting induced regulation of enzymes in adipose tissue lipolysis and glyceroneogenesis as well as regulation of hepatic gluconeogenic capacity and hepatic substrate utilization in mice. However, skeletal muscle IL-6 was not required for these fasting-induced effects, but had minor effects on markers of lipolysis and glyceroneogenesis in adipose tissue as well as markers of hepatic gluconeogenesis in the fed state.
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102
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Krycer JR, Yugi K, Hirayama A, Fazakerley DJ, Quek LE, Scalzo R, Ohno S, Hodson MP, Ikeda S, Shoji F, Suzuki K, Domanova W, Parker BL, Nelson ME, Humphrey SJ, Turner N, Hoehn KL, Cooney GJ, Soga T, Kuroda S, James DE. Dynamic Metabolomics Reveals that Insulin Primes the Adipocyte for Glucose Metabolism. Cell Rep 2018; 21:3536-3547. [PMID: 29262332 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin triggers an extensive signaling cascade to coordinate adipocyte glucose metabolism. It is considered that the major role of insulin is to provide anabolic substrates by activating GLUT4-dependent glucose uptake. However, insulin stimulates phosphorylation of many metabolic proteins. To examine the implications of this on glucose metabolism, we performed dynamic tracer metabolomics in cultured adipocytes treated with insulin. Temporal analysis of metabolite concentrations and tracer labeling revealed rapid and distinct changes in glucose metabolism, favoring specific glycolytic branch points and pyruvate anaplerosis. Integrating dynamic metabolomics and phosphoproteomics data revealed that insulin-dependent phosphorylation of anabolic enzymes occurred prior to substrate accumulation. Indeed, glycogen synthesis was activated independently of glucose supply. We refer to this phenomenon as metabolic priming, whereby insulin signaling creates a demand-driven system to "pull" glucose into specific anabolic pathways. This complements the supply-driven regulation of anabolism by substrate accumulation and highlights an additional role for insulin action in adipocyte glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Krycer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Katsuyuki Yugi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; YCI Laboratory for Trans-Omics, Young Chief Investigator Program, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard Scalzo
- Centre for Translational Data Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Satoshi Ohno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mark P Hodson
- Metabolomics Australia Queensland Node, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Victor Chang Innovation Centre, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Satsuki Ikeda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Futaba Shoji
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Kumi Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Westa Domanova
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Marin E Nelson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kyle L Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Shinya Kuroda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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103
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Larrick BM, Kim KH, Donkin SS, Teegarden D. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D regulates lipid metabolism and glucose utilization in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Nutr Res 2018; 58:72-83. [PMID: 30340817 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that adipose tissue can both store and metabolize vitamin D. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], regulates adipocyte differentiation and inflammation, highlighting the multifaceted role that vitamin D plays in adipose tissue physiology. However, there is limited evidence regarding vitamin D regulation of mature adipocyte lipid metabolism. We hypothesize that 1,25(OH)2D alters lipid and glucose metabolism in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes to reduce triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation. In this study, 1,25(OH)2D (10 nmol/L) stimulated a 21% reduction in TAG accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes after 4 days (P = .01) despite a significant increase in fatty acid uptake (P < .01). Additionally, 1,25(OH)2D stimulated a 2.5-fold increase in 14CO2 production from [1-14C] palmitic acid (P < .01), indicative of an elevated rate of fatty acid β-oxidation, while stimulating a 9% reduction in de novo fatty acid synthesis (P = .03). Interestingly, d-[U-13C]glucose incorporation into fatty acids was reduced by 30% in response to 1,25(OH)2D (P < .01), indicating a reduced contribution of glucose as a substrate for de novo lipogenesis. Consistent with these findings, mRNA expression of the anaplerotic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase was reduced by 41% (P < .01). In summary, 1,25(OH)2D stimulated fatty acid oxidation and reduced TAG accumulation in differentiated adipocytes. Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2D reduced glucose utilization as a substrate for fatty acid synthesis potentially by downregulating pyruvate carboxylase and stimulating glucose disposal as glycerol. Collectively, these 1,25(OH)2D-induced changes in lipid metabolism and glucose utilization may contribute to the reduction in TAG accumulation and be protective against excessive fat mass accumulation and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brienna M Larrick
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, 700 W State St, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Sciences, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Dr, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shawn S Donkin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W State St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dorothy Teegarden
- Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, 700 W State St, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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104
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Calamita G, Perret J, Delporte C. Aquaglyceroporins: Drug Targets for Metabolic Diseases? Front Physiol 2018; 9:851. [PMID: 30042691 PMCID: PMC6048697 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane channel proteins facilitating the transport of water, small solutes, and gasses across biological membranes. AQPs are expressed in all tissues and ensure multiple roles under normal and pathophysiological conditions. Aquaglyceroporins are a subfamily of AQPs permeable to glycerol in addition to water and participate thereby to energy metabolism. This review focalizes on the present knowledge of the expression, regulation and physiological roles of AQPs in adipose tissue, liver and endocrine pancreas, that are involved in energy metabolism. In addition, the review aims at summarizing the involvement of AQPs in metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes and liver diseases. Finally, challenges and recent advances related to pharmacological modulation of AQPs expression and function to control and treat metabolic diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Jason Perret
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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105
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Sponton CH, Kajimura S. Multifaceted Roles of Beige Fat in Energy Homeostasis Beyond UCP1. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2545-2553. [PMID: 29757365 PMCID: PMC6692864 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beige adipocytes are an inducible form of thermogenic adipose cells that emerge within the white adipose tissue in response to a variety of environmental stimuli, such as chronic cold acclimation. Similar to brown adipocytes that reside in brown adipose tissue depots, beige adipocytes are also thermogenic; however, beige adipocytes possess unique, distinguishing characteristics in their developmental regulation and biological function. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of beige adipocytes, focusing on the diverse roles of beige fat in the regulation of energy homeostasis that are independent of the canonical thermogenic pathway via uncoupling protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique Sponton
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, California
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, California
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Correspondence: Shingo Kajimura, PhD, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, RMB1023, Box 0669, San Francisco, California 94143. E-mail:
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106
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Tardelli M, Claudel T, Bruschi FV, Trauner M. Nuclear Receptor Regulation of Aquaglyceroporins in Metabolic Organs. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1777. [PMID: 29914059 PMCID: PMC6032257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors, such as the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma and alpha (PPAR-γ, -α), are major metabolic regulators in adipose tissue and the liver, where they govern lipid, glucose, and bile acid homeostasis, as well as inflammatory cascades. Glycerol and free fatty acids are the end products of lipid droplet catabolism driven by PPARs. Aquaporins (AQPs), a family of 13 small transmembrane proteins, facilitate the shuttling of water, urea, and/or glycerol. The peculiar role of AQPs in glycerol transport makes them pivotal targets in lipid metabolism, especially considering their tissue-specific regulation by the nuclear receptors PPARγ and PPARα. Here, we review the role of nuclear receptors in the regulation of glycerol shuttling in liver and adipose tissue through the function and expression of AQPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tardelli
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Francesca Virginia Bruschi
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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107
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Feeding a slowly digestible carbohydrate diet during pregnancy of insulin-resistant rats prevents the excess of adipogenesis in their offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 61:183-196. [PMID: 30253280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An obesogenic environment during pregnancy has been shown to increase the risk of dysregulation on adipogenesis and insulin resistance in the offspring. Being essential for the growing fetus, glucose supply is guaranteed by a number of modifications in the mother's metabolism, and thus, glucose control during pregnancy especially among obese or diabetic women is paramount to prevent adverse consequences in their children. Besides the election of low-glycemic-index carbohydrates, the rate of carbohydrate digestion could be relevant to keep a good glucose control. In the present study, we compared the effects of two high-fat diets with similar glycemic load but different rates of carbohydrate digestion given to pregnant insulin-resistant rats. After birth, all animals were fed a standard diet until age 14 weeks. We analyzed offspring body composition, plasma and adipocyte lipidomics, lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and insulin sensitivity. Those animals whose mothers were fed the rapid-digesting carbohydrate diet exhibited an excessive adipogenesis. Thus, these animals showed a marked lipidemia, increased lipid synthesis in the adipose tissue and reduced glucose transporter amount in the adipose. On the contrary, those animals whose mothers were fed the slow-digesting carbohydrate diet showed a profile in the measured parameters closer to that of the offspring of healthy mothers. These results support the hypothesis that not only glycemic index but the rate of carbohydrate digestion during gestation may be critical to regulate the programming of adipogenesis in the offspring.
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108
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Segerer G, Engelmann D, Kaestner A, Trötzmüller M, Köfeler H, Stigloher C, Thiele C, Jeanclos E, Gohla A. A phosphoglycolate phosphatase/AUM-dependent link between triacylglycerol turnover and epidermal growth factor signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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109
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Steensels S, Ersoy BA. Fatty acid activation in thermogenic adipose tissue. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:79-90. [PMID: 29793055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Channeling carbohydrates and fatty acids to thermogenic tissues, including brown and beige adipocytes, have garnered interest as an approach for the management of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (β-oxidation) is crucial for the maintenance of thermogenesis. Upon cellular fatty acid uptake or following lipolysis from triglycerides (TG), fatty acids are esterified to coenzyme A (CoA) to form active acyl-CoA molecules. This enzymatic reaction is essential for their utilization in β-oxidation and thermogenesis. The activation and deactivation of fatty acids are regulated by two sets of enzymes called acyl-CoA synthetases (ACS) and acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOT), respectively. The expression levels of ACS and ACOT family members in thermogenic tissues will determine the substrate availability for β-oxidation, and consequently the thermogenic capacity. Although the role of the majority of ACS and ACOT family members in thermogenesis remains unclear, recent proceedings link the enzymatic activities of ACS and ACOT family members to metabolic disorders and thermogenesis. Elucidating the contributions of specific ACS and ACOT family members to trafficking of fatty acids towards thermogenesis may reveal novel targets for modulating thermogenic capacity and treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Steensels
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baran A Ersoy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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110
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Masuda Y, Kurikawa N, Nishizawa T. Overexpressing human GPR109A leads to pronounced reduction in plasma triglyceride levels in BAC transgenic rats. Atherosclerosis 2018; 272:182-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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111
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Lu S, Dugan CE, Kennedy RT. Microfluidic Chip with Integrated Electrophoretic Immunoassay for Investigating Cell-Cell Interactions. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5171-5178. [PMID: 29578696 PMCID: PMC6943824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics have been used to create "body-on-chip" systems to mimic in vivo cellular interactions with a high level of control. Most such systems rely on optical observation of cells as a readout. In this work we integrated a cell-cell interaction chip with online microchip electrophoresis immunoassay to monitor the effects of the interaction on protein secretion dynamics. The system was used to investigate the effects of adipocytes on insulin secretion. Chips were loaded with 190 000 3T3-L1 adipocytes and a single islet of Langerhans in separate chambers. The chambers were perfused at 300-600 nL/min so that adipocyte secretions flowed over the islets for 3 h. Adipocytes produced 80 μM of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), a factor known to impact insulin secretion, at the islets. After perfusion, islets were challenged with a step change in glucose from 3 to 11 mM while monitoring insulin secretion at 8 s intervals by online immunoassay. Adipocyte treatment augmented insulin secretion by 6-fold compared to controls. The effect was far greater than comparable concentrations of NEFA applied to the islets demonstrating that adipocytes release multiple factors that can strongly potentiate insulin secretion. The experiments reveal that integration of chemical analysis with cell-cell interaction can provide valuable insights into cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Lu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Colleen E Dugan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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112
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Méndez-Giménez L, Ezquerro S, da Silva IV, Soveral G, Frühbeck G, Rodríguez A. Pancreatic Aquaporin-7: A Novel Target for Anti-diabetic Drugs? Front Chem 2018; 6:99. [PMID: 29675407 PMCID: PMC5895657 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins comprise a family of 13 members of water channels (AQP0-12) that facilitate a rapid transport of water across cell membranes. In some cases, these pores are also permeated by small solutes, particularly glycerol, urea or nitric oxide, among other solutes. Several aquaporins have been identified in the pancreas, an exocrine and endocrine organ that plays an essential role in the onset of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The exocrine pancreas, which accounts for 90% of the total pancreas, secretes daily large volumes of a near-isotonic fluid containing digestive enzymes into the duodenum. AQP1, AQP5, and AQP8 contribute to fluid secretion especially from ductal cells, whereas AQP12 allows the proper maturation and exocytosis of secretory granules in acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas. The endocrine pancreas (10% of the total pancreatic cells) is composed by the islets of Langerhans, which are distributed in α, β, δ, ε, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells that secrete glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, ghrelin and PP, respectively. AQP7, an aquaglyceroporin permeated by water and glycerol, is expressed in pancreatic β-cells and murine studies have confirmed its participation in insulin secretion, triacylglycerol synthesis and proliferation of these endocrine cells. In this regard, transgenic AQP7-knockout mice develop adult-onset obesity, hyperinsulinemia, increased intracellular triacylglycerol content and reduced β-cell mass in Langerhans islets. Moreover, we have recently reported that AQP7 upregulation in β-cells after bariatric surgery, an effective weight loss surgical procedure, contributes, in part, to the improvement of pancreatic steatosis and insulin secretion through the increase of intracytoplasmic glycerol in obese rats. Human studies remain scarce and controversial, with some rare cases of loss-of function mutations of the AQP7 gene being associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes. The present Review is focused on the role of aquaporins in the physiology and pathophysiology of the pancreas, highlighting the role of pancreatic AQP7 as a novel player in the control of β-cell function and a potential anti-diabetic-drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Méndez-Giménez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Ezquerro
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inês V da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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113
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Haczeyni F, Bell-Anderson KS, Farrell GC. Causes and mechanisms of adipocyte enlargement and adipose expansion. Obes Rev 2018; 19:406-420. [PMID: 29243339 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a significant role in whole body energy homeostasis. Obesity-associated diabetes, fatty liver and metabolic syndrome are closely linked to adipose stress and dysfunction. Genetic predisposition, overeating and physical inactivity influence the expansion of adipose tissues. Under conditions of constant energy surplus, adipocytes become hypertrophic and adipose tissues undergo hyperplasia so as to increase their lipid storage capacity, thereby keeping circulating blood glucose and fatty acids below toxic levels. Nonetheless, adipocytes have a saturation point where they lose capacity to store more lipids. At this stage, when adipocytes are fully lipid-engorged, they express stress signals. Adipose depots (particularly visceral compartments) from obese individuals with a severe metabolic phenotype are characterized by the high proportion of hypertrophic adipocytes. This review focuses on the mechanisms of adipocyte enlargement in relation to adipose fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism, and considers how this may be related to adipose dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Haczeyni
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School at The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - K S Bell-Anderson
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G C Farrell
- Liver Research Group, Australian National University Medical School at The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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114
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Sarkar J, Dwivedi G, Chen Q, Sheu IE, Paich M, Chelini CM, D'Alessandro PM, Burns SP. A long-term mechanistic computational model of physiological factors driving the onset of type 2 diabetes in an individual. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192472. [PMID: 29444133 PMCID: PMC5812629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A computational model of the physiological mechanisms driving an individual's health towards onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is described, calibrated and validated using data from the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). The objective of this model is to quantify the factors that can be used for prevention of T2D. The model is energy and mass balanced and continuously simulates trajectories of variables including body weight components, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin among others on the time-scale of years. Modeled mechanisms include dynamic representations of intracellular insulin resistance, pancreatic beta-cell insulin production, oxidation of macronutrients, ketogenesis, effects of inflammation and reactive oxygen species, and conversion between stored and activated metabolic species, with body-weight connected to mass and energy balance. The model was calibrated to 331 placebo and 315 lifestyle-intervention DPP subjects, and one year forecasts of all individuals were generated. Predicted population mean errors were less than or of the same magnitude as clinical measurement error; mean forecast errors for weight and HbA1c were ~5%, supporting predictive capabilities of the model. Validation of lifestyle-intervention prediction is demonstrated by synthetically imposing diet and physical activity changes on DPP placebo subjects. Using subject level parameters, comparisons were made between exogenous and endogenous characteristics of subjects who progressed toward T2D (HbA1c > 6.5) over the course of the DPP study to those who did not. The comparison revealed significant differences in diets and pancreatic sensitivity to hyperglycemia but not in propensity to develop insulin resistance. A computational experiment was performed to explore relative contributions of exogenous versus endogenous factors between these groups. Translational uses to applications in public health and personalized healthcare are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Sarkar
- PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Dwivedi
- PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Qian Chen
- PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Iris E. Sheu
- PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark Paich
- PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Colleen M. Chelini
- PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Samuel P. Burns
- PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, New York, New York, United States of America
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Kuda O, Rossmeisl M, Kopecky J. Omega-3 fatty acids and adipose tissue biology. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:147-160. [PMID: 29329795 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review provides evidence for the importance of white and brown adipose tissue (i.e. WAT and BAT) function for the maintenance of healthy metabolic phenotype and its preservation in response to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA), namely in the context of diseased states linked to aberrant accumulation of body fat, systemic low-grade inflammation, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. More specifically, the review deals with (i) the concept of immunometabolism, i.e. how adipose-resident immune cells and adipocytes affect each other and define the immune-metabolic interface; and (ii) the characteristic features of "healthy adipocytes" in WAT, which are relatively small fat cells endowed with a high capacity for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, triacylglycerol/fatty acid (TAG/FA) cycling and de novo lipogenesis (DNL). The intrinsic metabolic features of WAT and their flexible regulations, reflecting the presence of "healthy adipocytes", provide beneficial local and systemic effects, including (i) protection against in situ endoplasmic reticulum stress and related inflammatory response during activation of adipocyte lipolysis; (ii) prevention of ectopic fat accumulation and dyslipidemia caused by increased hepatic VLDL synthesis, as well as prevention of lipotoxic damage of insulin signaling in extra-adipose tissues; and also (iii) increased synthesis of anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing lipid mediators with pro-resolving properties, including the branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), also depending on the activity of DNL in WAT. The "healthy adipocytes" phenotype can be induced in WAT of obese mice in response to various stimuli including dietary omega-3 PUFA, especially when combined with moderate calorie restriction, and possibly also with other life style (e.g. physical activity) or pharmacological (e.g. thiazolidinediones) interventions. While omega-3 PUFA could exert beneficial systemic effects by improving immunometabolism of WAT without a concomitant induction of BAT, it is currently not clear whether the metabolic effects of the combined intervention using omega-3 PUFA and calorie restriction or thiazolidinediones depend also on the activation of BAT function and/or the induction of brite/beige adipocytes in WAT. It remains to be established why omega-3 PUFA intervention in type 2 diabetic subjects does not improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis despite inducing various anti-inflammatory mediators in WAT, including the recently discovered docosahexaenoyl esters of hydroxy linoleic acid, the lipokines from the FAHFA family, as well as several endocannabinoid-related anti-inflammatory lipids. To answer the question whether and to which extent omega-3 PUFA supplementation could promote the formation of "healthy adipocytes" in WAT of human subjects, namely in the obese insulin-resistant patients, represents a challenging task that is of great importance for the treatment of some serious non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, 1083 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, 1083 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, 1083 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Méndez-Giménez L, Becerril S, Moncada R, Valentí V, Fernández S, Ramírez B, Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Soveral G, Malagón MM, Diéguez C, Rodríguez A, Frühbeck G. Gastric Plication Improves Glycemia Partly by Restoring the Altered Expression of Aquaglyceroporins in Adipose Tissue and the Liver in Obese Rats. Obes Surg 2018; 27:1763-1774. [PMID: 28054299 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric plication is a minimally invasive bariatric surgical procedure, where the greater curvature is plicated inside the gastric lumen. Our aims were to analyze the effectiveness of gastric plication on the resolution of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and fatty liver in an experimental model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and to evaluate changes in glycerol metabolism, a key substrate for adiposity and gluconeogenesis, in adipose tissue and the liver. METHODS Male Wistar DIO rats (n = 58) were subjected to surgical (sham operation and gastric plication) or dietary interventions [fed a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) or pair-fed to the amount of food eaten by gastric-plicated animals]. The expression of aquaglyceroporins (AQPs) in epididymal (EWAT) and subcutaneous (SCWAT) fat and the liver was analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Gastric plication did not result in a significant weight loss in DIO rats, showing a modest reduction in whole-body adiposity and hepatic steatosis. However, gastric-plicated animals exhibited an improvement in basal glycemia and glucose clearance, without changes in hepatic gluconeogenic genes. DIO was associated with an increase in glycerol, higher AQP3 and AQP7 in EWAT and SCWAT, and a decrease in hepatic AQP9. Gastric plication downregulated AQP3 in both fat depots without changes in adipose AQP7 and hepatic AQP9. CONCLUSION Gastric plication results in a modest reduction in adiposity and hepatosteatosis but restores glycemia by downregulating AQP3, which entails lower efflux of glycerol from fat, lower plasma glycerol availability, and a reduced use of glycerol as a substrate for hepatic gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Méndez-Giménez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Víctor Valentí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Secundino Fernández
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - María M Malagón
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
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Mabuchi R, Adachi M, Kikutani H, Tanimoto S. Discriminant Analysis of Muscle Tissue Type in Yellowtail Seriola Quinqueradiata Muscle Based on Metabolic Component Profiles. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Mabuchi
- Faculty of Human Culture and Science Prefectural University of Hiroshima
| | - Miwako Adachi
- Faculty of Human Culture and Science Prefectural University of Hiroshima
| | - Haruka Kikutani
- Faculty of Human Culture and Science Prefectural University of Hiroshima
| | - Shota Tanimoto
- Faculty of Human Culture and Science Prefectural University of Hiroshima
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118
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DiNicolantonio JJ, Mehta V, Onkaramurthy N, O'Keefe JH. Fructose-induced inflammation and increased cortisol: A new mechanism for how sugar induces visceral adiposity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 61:3-9. [PMID: 29225114 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the leading hypothesis regarding the development of obesity involves caloric imbalance, whereby the amount of calories consumed exceeds the amount of calories burned which causes obesity. Another hypothesis for why we get fat has surfaced in the last decade which is the idea that the overconsumption of added sugars and refined carbohydrates induce insulin resistance and high insulin levels causing obesity. While insulin is a fat-storing hormone, this hypothesis does not explain visceral adiposity, or why certain people are found to have fat stored in and around their organs. We propose a new mechanism for body fattening, particular visceral adiposity. This hypothesis involves the overconsumption of fructose, which leads to inflammation in all cells that metabolize it rapidly. When fructose is metabolized in subcutaneous adipocytes, the subsequent inflammation leads to an increase in intracellular cortisol in order to help squelch the inflammation. Unfortunately, the increase in intracellular cortisol leads to an increased flux of fatty acids out of the subcutaneous adipocytes allowing more substrate for fat storage into visceral fat tissue. Moreover fructose-induced inflammation in the liver also leads to increased intracellular cortisol via an upregulation of 11-B hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 causing increased fat storage in the liver (i.e., fatty liver). In essence, the fructose-induced inflammatory cortisol response causes "thin on the outside, fat on the inside" (TOFI). Furthermore, fructose in the brain, either from fructose uptake via the blood brain barrier or endogenous formation from glucose via the polyol pathway stimulates an increased release of cortisol causing hepatic gluconeogenesis leading to overall insulin resistance and further body fattening. This review paper will discuss in detail the hypothesis that fructose-induced inflammation and cortisol activation causes visceral adiposity.
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119
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Bertholdt L, Gudiksen A, Stankiewicz T, Villesen I, Tybirk J, van Hall G, Bangsbo J, Plomgaard P, Pilegaard H. Impact of training state on fasting-induced regulation of adipose tissue metabolism in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 124:729-740. [PMID: 29191981 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00664.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of fatty acids from adipose tissue is increased during fasting. However, the molecular mechanisms behind fasting-induced metabolic regulation in human adipose tissue and the potential impact of training state in this are unknown. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate 1) fasting-induced regulation of lipolysis and glyceroneogenesis in human adipose tissue as well as 2) the impact of training state on basal oxidative capacity and fasting-induced metabolic regulation in human adipose tissue. Untrained [maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) < 45 ml·min-1·kg-1] and trained subjects (V̇o2max > 55 ml·min-1·kg-1) fasted for 36 h, and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained 2, 12, 24, and 36 h after a standardized meal. Adipose tissue oxidative phosphorylation complexes, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)-E1α protein as well as PDH kinase (PDK) 2, PDK4, and PDH phosphatase 2 mRNA content were higher in trained subjects than in untrained subjects. In addition, trained subjects had higher adipose tissue hormone-sensitive lipase Ser660 phosphorylation and adipose triglyceride lipase protein content as well as higher plasma free fatty acid concentration than untrained subjects during fasting. Moreover, adipose tissue PDH phosphorylation increased with fasting only in trained subjects. Taken together, trained subjects seem to possess higher basal adipose tissue oxidative capacity as well as higher capacity for regulation of lipolysis and for providing substrate for glyceroneogenesis in adipose tissue during fasting than untrained subjects. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows for the first time higher protein content of lipolytic enzymes and higher oxidative phosphorylation protein in adipose tissue from trained subjects than from untrained subjects during fasting. Furthermore, trained subjects had higher capacity for adipose tissue glyceroneogenesis than untrained subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lærke Bertholdt
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anders Gudiksen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Tomasz Stankiewicz
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Ida Villesen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jonas Tybirk
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jens Bangsbo
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Peter Plomgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Henriette Pilegaard
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Lipopolysaccharide Modifies Glycerol Permeability and Metabolism in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122566. [PMID: 29186031 PMCID: PMC5751169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaglyceroporins-aquaporin membrane channels (AQP) that conduct glycerol and other small neutral solutes in addition to water-play major roles in obesity. In adipocytes, aquaglyceroporins mediate glycerol uptake and release across the plasma membrane, which are two key steps for triacylglycerols (TAGs) synthesis (lipogenesis) and hydrolysis (lipolysis). The aim of this study was to assess both glycerol permeability and metabolism in undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells (UDCs) as well as in untreated (CTL-DCs) versus lipopolysaccharide (LPS-DCs)-treated differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Glycerol release, TAGs content and whole membrane glycerol permeability were significantly increased in DCs as compared to UDCs. Moreover, in DCs, LPS treatment significantly increased TAGs content and decreased glycerol permeability. In addition, a significant reduction in whole membrane glycerol permeability was observed in LPS-DCs as compared to CTL-DCs. The relative contributions of AQP3, AQP7 and AQP9 (facilitated diffusion), as well as that of the phospholipid bilayer (simple diffusion), to the whole membrane glycerol permeability, were estimated biophysically in UDCs, CTL-DCs and LPS-DCs, using selective AQP inhibitors. Further studies will be required to determine if modifications in either subcellular localization and/or activity of aquaglyceroporins could account for the data herein. Nevertheless, our findings provide novel insights in understanding the LPS-induced adipocyte hypertrophy that accompanies obesity.
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121
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Jois T, Chen W, Howard V, Harvey R, Youngs K, Thalmann C, Saha P, Chan L, Cowley MA, Sleeman MW. Deletion of hepatic carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) impairs glucose homeostasis and hepatic insulin sensitivity in mice. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1381-1394. [PMID: 29107286 PMCID: PMC5681238 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) is a transcription factor that responds to glucose and activates genes involved in the glycolytic and lipogenic pathways. Recent studies have linked adipose ChREBP to insulin sensitivity in mice. However, while ChREBP is most highly expressed in the liver, the effect of hepatic ChREBP on insulin sensitivity remains unknown. To clarify the importance of hepatic ChREBP on glucose homeostasis, we have generated a knockout mouse model that lacks this protein specifically in the liver (Liver-ChREBP KO). METHODS Using Liver-ChREBP KO mice, we investigated whether hepatic ChREBP deletion influences insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis and the development of hepatic steatosis utilizing various dietary stressors. Furthermore, we determined gene expression changes in response to fasted and fed states in liver, white, and brown adipose tissues. RESULTS Liver-ChREBP KO mice had impaired insulin sensitivity as indicated by reduced glucose infusion to maintain euglycemia during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps on both chow (25% lower) and high-fat diet (33% lower) (p < 0.05). This corresponded with attenuated suppression of hepatic glucose production. Although Liver-ChREBP KO mice were protected against carbohydrate-induced hepatic steatosis, they displayed worsened glucose tolerance. Liver-ChREBP KO mice did not show the expected gene expression changes in liver in response to fasted and fed states. Interestingly, hepatic ChREBP deletion also resulted in gene expression changes in white and brown adipose tissues, suggesting inter-tissue communication. This included an almost complete abolition of BAT ChREBPβ induction in the fed state (0.15-fold) (p = 0.015) along with reduced lipogenic genes. In contrast, WAT showed inappropriate increases in lipogenic genes in the fasted state along with increased PEPCK1 in both fasted (3.4-fold) and fed (5.1-fold) states (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Overall, hepatic ChREBP is protective in regards to hepatic insulin sensitivity and whole body glucose homeostasis. Hepatic ChREBP action can influence other peripheral tissues and is likely essential in coordinating the body's response to different feeding states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Jois
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Weiyi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor Howard
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Harvey
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristina Youngs
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia Thalmann
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pradip Saha
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lawrence Chan
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark W Sleeman
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Non-invasive assessment of hepatic mitochondrial metabolism by positional isotopomer NMR tracer analysis (PINTA). Nat Commun 2017; 8:798. [PMID: 28986525 PMCID: PMC5630596 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic mitochondria play a central role in the regulation of intermediary metabolism and maintenance of normoglycemia, and there is great interest in assessing rates of hepatic mitochondrial citrate synthase flux (VCS) and pyruvate carboxylase flux (VPC) in vivo. Here, we show that a positional isotopomer NMR tracer analysis (PINTA) method can be used to non-invasively assess rates of VCS and VPC fluxes using a combined NMR/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of plasma following infusion of [3-13C]lactate and glucose tracer. PINTA measures VCS and VPC fluxes over a wide range of physiological conditions with minimal pyruvate cycling and detects increased hepatic VCS following treatment with a liver-targeted mitochondrial uncoupler. Finally, validation studies in humans demonstrate that the VPC/VCS ratio measured by PINTA is similar to that determined by in vivo NMR spectroscopy. This method will provide investigators with a relatively simple tool to non-invasively examine the role of altered hepatic mitochondrial metabolism. Liver mitochondrial metabolism plays an important role for glucose and lipid homeostasis and its alterations contribute to metabolic disorders, including fatty liver and diabetes. Here Perry et al. develop a method for the measurement of hepatic fluxes by using lactate and glucose tracers in combination with NMR spectroscopy.
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Zhou C, Yu J, Wang M, Yang J, Xiong H, Huang H, Wu D, Hu S, Wang Y, Chen XZ, Tang J. Identification of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 as a tumour suppressor in human breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101309-101324. [PMID: 29254166 PMCID: PMC5731876 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we found the mRNA expression level of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1) was significantly downregulated in human breast cancer patients. Patients with reduced GPD1 expression exhibited poorer overall metastatic relapse-free survival (p = 0.0013). Further Cox proportional hazard model analysis revealed that the reduced expression of GPD1 is an independent predictor of overall survival in oestrogen receptor-positive (p = 0.0027, HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85–0.97, N = 3,917) and nodal-negative (p = 0.0013, HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.80–0.95, N = 2,456) breast cancer patients. We also demonstrated that GPD1 was a direct target of miR-370, which was significantly upregulated in human breast cancer. We further showed that exogenous expression of GPD1 in human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Our results, therefore, suggest a novel tumour suppressor function for GPD1 and contribute to the understanding of cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cefan Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- XiLi People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongli Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shimeng Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yefu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Sarapio E, Santos J, Model J, De Fraga L, Vinagre A, Martins T, Da Silva R, Trapp M. Glyceroneogenesis in the hepatopancreas of the crab Neohelice granulata : Diet, starvation and season effects. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 211:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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125
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Glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase/PGP: Role in intermediary metabolism and target for cardiometabolic diseases. Biochimie 2017; 143:18-28. [PMID: 28826615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome arise because of disturbances in glucose and fat metabolism, which impact associated physiological events such as insulin secretion and action, fat storage and oxidation. Even though, decades of research has contributed to our current understanding of the components involved in glucose and fat metabolism and their regulation, that led to the development of many therapeutics, there are still many unanswered questions. Glycerol-3-phosphate (Gro3P), which is formed during glycolysis, is at the intersection of glucose and fat metabolism, and the availability of this metabolite can regulate energy and intermediary metabolism in mammalian cells. During the course of evolution, mammalian cells are assumed to have lost the capacity to directly hydrolyze Gro3P to glycerol, until the recent discovery from our laboratory showing that a previously known mammalian enzyme, phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP), can function as a Gro3P phosphatase (G3PP) and regulate this metabolite levels. Emerging evidence indicates that G3PP/PGP is an evolutionarily conserved "multi-tasking" enzyme that belongs to the superfamily of haloacid dehalogenase-like phosphatase enzymes, and is capable of hydrolyzing Gro3P, an abundant physiologically relevant substrate, as well as other metabolites including 2-phosphoglycolate, 4-phosphoerythronate and 2-phospholactate, which are present in much smaller amounts in cells, under normal conditions. G3PP, by regulating Gro3P levels, plays a critical role in intermediary metabolism, including glycolysis, glucose oxidation, cellular redox and ATP production, gluconeogenesis, esterification of fatty acids towards glycerolipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation. Because of G3PP's ability to regulate energy and intermediary metabolism as well as physiological functions such as insulin secretion, hepatic glucose production, and fat synthesis, storage and oxidation, the pathophysiological role of this enzyme in metabolic diseases needs to be precisely defined. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge on the structure, function and regulation of G3PP/PGP, and we discuss its potential therapeutic role for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Ferreira GN, Rossi-Valentim R, Buzelle SL, Paula-Gomes S, Zanon NM, Garófalo MAR, Frasson D, Navegantes LCC, Chaves VE, Kettelhut IDC. Differential regulation of glyceroneogenesis by glucocorticoids in epididymal and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue from rats. Endocrine 2017; 57:287-297. [PMID: 28555305 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Investigate the glycerol-3-phosphate generation pathways in epididymal (EPI) and retroperitoneal (RETRO) adipose tissues from dexamethasone-treated rats. METHODS Rats were treated with dexamethasone for 7 days. Glycerol-3-phosphate generation pathways via glycolysis, glyceroneogenesis and direct phosphorylation of glycerol were evaluated, respectively, by 2-deoxyglucose uptake, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) activity and pyruvate incorporation into triacylglycerol (TAG)-glycerol, and glycerokinase activity and glycerol incorporation into TAG-glycerol. RESULTS Dexamethasone treatment markedly decreased the body weight, but increased the weight and lipid content of EPI and RETRO and plasma insulin, glucose, non-esterified fatty acid and TAG levels. EPI and RETRO from dexamethasone-treated rats showed increased rates of de novo fatty acid synthesis (80 and 100%) and basal lipolysis (20%). In EPI, dexamethasone decreased the 2-deoxyglucose uptake (50%), as well as glyceroneogenesis, evidenced by a decrease of PEPCK-C activity (39%) and TAG-glycerol synthesis from pyruvate (66%), but increased the glycerokinase activity (50%) and TAG-glycerol synthesis from glycerol (72%) in this tissue. In spite of a similar reduction in 2-deoxyglucose uptake in RETRO, dexamethasone treatment increased glyceroneogenesis, evidenced by PEPCK activity (96%), and TAG-glycerol synthesis from pyruvate (110%), accompanied by a decrease in glycerokinase activity (50%) and TAG-glycerol synthesis from glycerol (50%). Dexamethasone effects on RETRO were accompanied by a decrease in p-Akt content and by lower insulin effects on the rates of glycerol release in the presence of isoproterenol and on the rates of glucose uptake in isolated adipocytes. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated differential regulation of glyceroneogenesis and direct phosphorylation of glycerol by glucocorticoids in EPI and RETRO from rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Nascimento Ferreira
- Departments of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rossi-Valentim
- Departments of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samyra Lopes Buzelle
- Biochemistry-Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Paula-Gomes
- Biochemistry-Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neusa Maria Zanon
- Departments of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Danúbia Frasson
- Latin American Institute of Life and Nature Science, Federal University of Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Ernestânia Chaves
- Laboratory of Physiology, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Isis do Carmo Kettelhut
- Biochemistry-Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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127
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Jastrebski SF, Lamont SJ, Schmidt CJ. Chicken hepatic response to chronic heat stress using integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181900. [PMID: 28759571 PMCID: PMC5536301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in metabolism and is important in maintaining homeostasis throughout the body. This study integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic data to understand how the liver responds under chronic heat stress. Chickens from a rapidly growing broiler line were heat stressed for 8 hours per day for one week and liver samples were collected at 28 days post hatch. Transcriptome analysis reveals changes in genes responsible for cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, and DNA repair along with immune function. Integrating the metabolome and transcriptome data highlighted multiple pathways affected by heat stress including glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism along with glutathione production and beta-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F. Jastrebski
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Susan J. Lamont
- Department of Animal Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Carl J. Schmidt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
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128
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Dragos SM, Bergeron KF, Desmarais F, Suitor K, Wright DC, Mounier C, Mutch DM. Reduced SCD1 activity alters markers of fatty acid reesterification, glyceroneogenesis, and lipolysis in murine white adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C295-C304. [PMID: 28659287 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00097.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) has a critical role in lipid handling. Previous work demonstrated that SCD1 is an important regulator of WAT fatty acid (FA) composition; however, its influence on the various interconnected pathways influencing WAT lipid handling remains unclear. Our objective was to investigate the role of SCD1 on WAT lipid handling using Scd1 knockout (KO) mice and SCD1-inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocytes by measuring gene, protein, and metabolite markers related to FA reesterification, glyceroneogenesis, and lipolysis. Triacylglycerol (TAG) content was higher in inguinal WAT (iWAT) from KO mice compared with wild-type, but significantly lower in epididymal WAT (eWAT). The SCD1 desaturation index was decreased in both WAT depots in KO mice. FA reesterification, as measured with a NEFA:glycerol ratio, was reduced in both WAT depots in KO mice, as well as SCD1-inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Pck1, Atgl, and Hsl gene expression was reduced in both WAT depots of KO mice, while Pck2 and Pdk4 gene expression showed depot-specific regulation. Pck1, Atgl, and Hsl gene expression was reduced, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase protein content was ablated, in SCD1-inhibited adipocytes. Our data provide evidence that SCD1 has a broad impact on WAT lipid handling by altering TAG composition in a depot-specific manner, reducing FA reesterification, and regulating markers of lipolysis and glyceroneogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Dragos
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Karl F Bergeron
- Département des sciences biologiques et centre de recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédérik Desmarais
- Département des sciences biologiques et centre de recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine Suitor
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Catherine Mounier
- Département des sciences biologiques et centre de recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
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129
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Méndez-Giménez L, Becerril S, Camões SP, da Silva IV, Rodrigues C, Moncada R, Valentí V, Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Miranda JP, Soveral G, Frühbeck G, Rodríguez A. Role of aquaporin-7 in ghrelin- and GLP-1-induced improvement of pancreatic β-cell function after sleeve gastrectomy in obese rats. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1394-1402. [PMID: 28584298 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Glycerol is a key metabolite for lipid accumulation in insulin-sensitive tissues as well as for pancreatic insulin secretion. We examined the role of aquaporin-7 (AQP7), the main glycerol channel in β-cells, and AQP12, an aquaporin related to pancreatic damage, in the improvement of pancreatic function and steatosis after sleeve gastrectomy in diet-induced obese rats. SUBJECTS/METHODS Male Wistar obese rats (n=125) were subjected to surgical (sham operation and sleeve gastrectomy) or dietary (pair-fed to the amount of food eaten by sleeve-gastrectomized animals) interventions. The tissue distribution and expression of AQPs in the rat pancreas were analyzed by real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The effect of ghrelin isoforms and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) on insulin secretion, triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation and AQP expression was determined in vitro in RIN-m5F β-cells. RESULTS Sleeve gastrectomy reduced pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, steatosis and insulin secretion. Lower ghrelin and higher GLP-1 concentrations were also found after bariatric surgery. Acylated and desacyl ghrelin increased TG content, whereas GLP-1 increased insulin release in RIN-m5F β-cells. Sleeve gastrectomy was associated with an upregulation of AQP7 together with a normalization of the increased AQP12 levels in the rat pancreas. Interestingly, ghrelin and GLP-1 repressed AQP7 and AQP12 expression in RIN-m5F β-cells. AQP7 protein was negatively correlated with intracellular lipid accumulation in acylated ghrelin-treated cells and with insulin release in GLP-1-stimulated β-cells. CONCLUSIONS AQP7 upregulation in β-cells after sleeve gastrectomy contributes, in part, to the improvement of pancreatic steatosis and insulin secretion by increasing intracellular glycerol used for insulin release triggered by GLP-1 rather than for ghrelin-induced TG biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Méndez-Giménez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - S Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - S P Camões
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - I V da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Moncada
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - V Valentí
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - V Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J P Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - G Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology &Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
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130
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Kowalski GM, Kraakman MJ, Mason SA, Murphy AJ, Bruce CR. Resolution of glucose intolerance in long-term high-fat, high-sucrose-fed mice. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:269-279. [PMID: 28360081 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFSD)-fed C57Bl/6 mouse is a widely used model of prediabetes. However, studies typically implement a relatively short dietary intervention lasting between 4 and 16 weeks; as a result, little is known about how a long-term HFSD influences the metabolic profile of these mice. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to examine the effects of consuming a HFSD for 42 weeks on the development of hyperinsulinaemia and glucose intolerance in male C57Bl/6 mice. Two cohorts of HFSD mice were studied at independent institutes and they underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with measures of plasma insulin and free fatty acids (FFA). Age-matched chow-fed control mice were also studied. The HFSD-fed mice were hyperinsulinaemic and grossly obese, being over 25 g heavier than chow-fed mice, which was due to a marked expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue. This was associated with a 3-fold increase in liver lipid content. Glucose tolerance, however, was either the same or better than control mice due to the preservation of glucose disposal as revealed by a dynamic stable isotope-labelled OGTT. In addition, plasma FFAs were suppressed to lower levels in HFSD mice during the OGTT. In conclusion, we have made the paradoxical observation that long-term HFSD feeding results in the resolution of glucose intolerance in the C57Bl/6 mouse. Mechanistically, we propose that the gross expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue increases the glucose disposal capacity of the HFSD-fed mouse, which overcomes the prevailing insulin resistance to improve glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Kowalski
- Institute for Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Kraakman
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology LaboratoryBaker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of MedicineColumbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shaun A Mason
- Institute for Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology LaboratoryBaker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clinton R Bruce
- Institute for Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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131
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Methods for quantifying adipose tissue insulin resistance in overweight/obese humans. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1288-1294. [PMID: 28465607 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Insulin resistance of adipose tissue is an important feature of obesity-related metabolic disease. However, assessment of lipolysis in humans requires labor-intensive and expensive methods, and there is limited validation of simplified measurement methods. We aimed to validate simplified methods for the quantification of adipose tissue insulin resistance against the assessment of insulin sensitivity of lipolysis suppression during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies. SUBJECTS/METHODS We assessed the insulin-mediated suppression of lipolysis by tracer-dilution of [1,1,2,3,3-2H5]glycerol during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies in 125 overweight or obese adults (85 men, 40 women; age 50±11 years; body mass index 38±7 kg m-2). Seven indices of adipose tissue insulin resistance were validated against the reference measurement method. RESULTS Low-dose insulin infusion resulted in suppression of the glycerol rate of appearance ranging from 4% (most resistant) to 85% (most sensitive), indicating a good range of adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in the study population. The reference method correlated with (1) insulin-mediated suppression of plasma glycerol concentrations (r=0.960, P<0.001), (2) suppression of plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations (r=0.899, P<0.001), (3) the Adipose tissue Insulin Resistance (Adipo-IR) index (fasting plasma insulin-NEFA product; r=-0.526, P<0.001), (4) the fasting plasma insulin-glycerol product (r=-0.467, P<0.001), (5) the Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance Index (fasting plasma insulin-basal lipolysis product; r=0.460, P<0.001), (6) the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI)-NEFA index (r=0.621, P<0.001), and (7) the QUICKI-glycerol index (r=0.671, P<0.001). Bland-Altman plots showed no systematic errors for the suppression indices but proportional errors for all fasting indices. Receiver-operator characteristic curves confirmed that all indices were able to detect adipose tissue insulin resistance (area under the curve ⩾0.801, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (that is, the antilipolytic action of insulin) can be reliably quantified in overweight and obese humans by simplified index methods. The sensitivity and specificity of the Adipo-IR index and the fasting plasma insulin-glycerol product, combined with their simplicity and acceptable agreement, suggest that these may be most useful in clinical practice.
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132
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Goodpaster BH, Sparks LM. Metabolic Flexibility in Health and Disease. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1027-1036. [PMID: 28467922 PMCID: PMC5513193 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility is the ability to respond or adapt to conditional changes in metabolic demand. This broad concept has been propagated to explain insulin resistance and mechanisms governing fuel selection between glucose and fatty acids, highlighting the metabolic inflexibility of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In parallel, contemporary exercise physiology research has helped to identify potential mechanisms underlying altered fuel metabolism in obesity and diabetes. Advances in "omics" technologies have further stimulated additional basic and clinical-translational research to further interrogate mechanisms for improved metabolic flexibility in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue with the goal of preventing and treating metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 301 East Princeton Street, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
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133
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Novelle MG, Vázquez MJ, Peinado JR, Martinello KD, López M, Luckman SM, Tena-Sempere M, Malagón MM, Nogueiras R, Diéguez C. Sequential Exposure to Obesogenic Factors in Females Rats: From Physiological Changes to Lipid Metabolism in Liver and Mesenteric Adipose Tissue. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46194. [PMID: 28387334 PMCID: PMC5384043 DOI: 10.1038/srep46194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During their lifetime, females are subjected to different nutritional and hormonal factors that could increase the risk of obesity and associated comorbidities. From early postnatal periods until the postmenopausal phase, exposure to over nutrition, high-energy diet and oestrogen deficiency, are considered as significant obesity risk factors in women. In this study, we assessed how key transitional life events and exposure to different nutrition influence energy homeostasis in a rat model. Specifically, we assessed the sequential exposure to postnatal over nutrition, high-fat diet (HFD) after weaning, followed later by ovariectomy (OVX; as a model of menopause). Each obesity risk factor increased significantly body weight (BW) and adiposity, with additive effects after sequential exposure. Increased energy intake in both HFD and/or OVX groups, and decreased locomotor activity and energy expenditure after OVX can explain these metabolic changes. Our study also documents decreased lipogenic pathway in mesenteric adipose tissue after HFD and/or OVX, independent of previous postnatal programming, yet only HFD evoked this effect in liver. In addition, we report an increase in the expression of the hepatic PEPCK depending on previous metabolic status. Overall, our results identify the impact of different risk factors, which will help in understanding the development of obesity in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta G Novelle
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, UK
| | - María J Vázquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan R Peinado
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Kátia D Martinello
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Simon M Luckman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, UK
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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134
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Chen L, Zeng T, Li GQ, Liu R, Tian Y, Li QH, Lu LZ. PCK1 expression is correlated with the plasma glucose level in the duck. Anim Genet 2017; 48:358-361. [PMID: 28198082 DOI: 10.1111/age.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble) (PCK1) is a key gene in gluconeogenesis and glyceroneogenesis. Although its functions have been extensively studied in mice, bats and humans, little is known in ducks. Here, PCK1 functions were studied using a duck domestication model and a 48-h fasting experiment. We found PCK1 expression significantly decreased in two breeds of domestic ducks (Jinyun Pockmark ducks and Cherry Valley ducks) as compared with wild ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Simultaneously, plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides and free fatty acid in domestic ducks were lower than in wild ducks. When compared with fed ducks, the plasma triglyceride level was observed to be significantly decreased, while the glucose and free fatty acid levels remained constant in 48-h fasting ducks. The expression analysis of gluconeogenic genes revealed that fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase genes (FBP1 and FBP2) and the glucose-6-phosphatase gene (G6PC2) were not changed, whereas PCK1 was significantly upregulated. In addition, the reported regulators of PCK1, including forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) gene and orphan nuclear receptor NR4A family genes (NR4A1, NR4A2 and NR4A3), exhibited similar expression levels between 48-h fasting ducks and fed ducks, suggesting that PCK1 is not regulated by these genes in the duck under fasting conditions. In conclusion, PCK1 expression may affect plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides and free fatty acid during the duck domestication process. This work demonstrates for the first time in duck that PCK1 is a key gene in maintaining plasma glucose homeostasis during fasting and that the upregulated expression of PCK1 may be responsible for constant plasma free fatty acid level by the glyceroneogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Institute of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - T Zeng
- Institute of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - G Q Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - R Liu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Y Tian
- Institute of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Q H Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - L Z Lu
- Institute of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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135
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Taibi N, Dupont J, Bouguermouh Z, Froment P, Ramé C, Anane A, Amirat Z, Khammar F. Expression of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-Activated protein kinase (AMPK) in ovine testis (Ovis aries): In vivo regulation by nutritional state. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 178:9-22. [PMID: 28122665 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we identified AMPK and investigated its potential role in steroidogenesis in vivo in the ovine testis in response to variation in nutritional status (fed control vs. restricted). We performed immunoblotting to show that both active and non-active forms of AMPK exist in ovine testis and liver. In testis, we confirmed these results by immunohistochemistry. We found a correlation between ATP (Adenosine-Triphosphate) levels and the expression of AMPK in liver. Also, low and high caloric diets induce isoform-dependent AMPK expression, with an increase in α2, ß1ß2 and γ1 activity levels. Although the restricted group exhibited an increase in lipid balance, only the triglyceride and HC-VLDL (Cholesterol-Very low density lipoprotein) fractions showed significant differences between groups, suggesting an adaptive mechanism. Moreover, the relatively low rate of non-esterified fatty acid released into the circulation implies re-esterification to compensate for the physiological need. In the fed control group, AMPK activates the production of testosterone in Leydig cells; this is, in turn, associated with an increase in the expression of 3ß-HSD (3 beta hydroxy steroid deshydrogenase), p450scc (Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme) and StAR (Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein) proteins induced by decreased MAPK ERK½ (Extracellular signal-regulated kinase -Mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphorylation. In contrast, in the restricted group, testosterone secretion was reduced but intracellular cholesterol concentration was not. Furthermore, the combination of high levels of lipoproteins and emergence of the p38 MAP kinase pathway suggest the involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as confirmed by transcriptional repression of the StAR protein. Taken together, these results suggest that AMPK expression is tissue dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Taibi
- Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Faculté des Sciences Biologiques (FSB), Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Zones Arides, (LRZA), BP 32 El Alia 16111, Bab Ezzouar 16111, Algérie; Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-chimiques (C.R.A.P.C), BP 384, Zone industrielle de Bou-Ismail, RP 42004 w., Tipaza, Algérie.
| | - J Dupont
- Unité de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | | | - P Froment
- Unité de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - C Ramé
- Unité de Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - A Anane
- Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Faculté des Sciences Biologiques (FSB), Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Zones Arides, (LRZA), BP 32 El Alia 16111, Bab Ezzouar 16111, Algérie.
| | - Z Amirat
- Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Faculté des Sciences Biologiques (FSB), Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Zones Arides, (LRZA), BP 32 El Alia 16111, Bab Ezzouar 16111, Algérie.
| | - F Khammar
- Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Faculté des Sciences Biologiques (FSB), Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Zones Arides, (LRZA), BP 32 El Alia 16111, Bab Ezzouar 16111, Algérie.
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136
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Gena P, Buono ND, D'Abbicco M, Mastrodonato M, Berardi M, Svelto M, Lopez L, Calamita G. Dynamical modeling of liver Aquaporin-9 expression and glycerol permeability in hepatic glucose metabolism. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 96:61-69. [PMID: 28049557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver is crucial in the homeostasis of glycerol, an important metabolic intermediate. Plasma glycerol is imported by hepatocytes mainly through Aquaporin-9 (AQP9), an aquaglyceroporin channel negatively regulated by insulin in rodents. AQP9 is of critical importance in glycerol metabolism since hepatic glycerol utilization is rate-limited at the hepatocyte membrane permeation step. Glycerol kinase catalyzes the initial step for the conversion of the imported glycerol into glycerol-3-phosphate, a major substrate for de novo synthesis of glucose (gluconeogenesis) and/or triacyglycerols (lipogenesis). A model addressing the glucose-insulin system to describe the hepatic glycerol import and metabolism and the correlation with the glucose homeostasis is lacking so far. Here we consider a system of first-order ordinary differential equations delineating the relevance of hepatocyte AQP9 in liver glycerol permeability. Assuming the hepatic glycerol permeability as depending on the protein levels of AQP9, a mathematical function is designed describing the time course of the involvement of AQP9 in mouse hepatic glycerol metabolism in different nutritional states. The resulting theoretical relationship is derived fitting experimental data obtained with murine models at the fed, fasted or re-fed condition. While providing useful insights into the dynamics of liver AQP9 involvement in male rodent glycerol homeostasis our model may be adapted to the human liver serving as an important module of a whole body-model of the glucose metabolism both in health and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Gena
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona, 4-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Del Buono
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona, 4-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Abbicco
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona, 4-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Mastrodonato
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona, 4-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Berardi
- Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via De Blasio, 5-70132 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Svelto
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona, 4-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Luciano Lopez
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona, 4-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona, 4-70125 Bari, Italy.
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137
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Flachs P, Adamcova K, Zouhar P, Marques C, Janovska P, Viegas I, Jones JG, Bardova K, Svobodova M, Hansikova J, Kuda O, Rossmeisl M, Liisberg U, Borkowska AG, Kristiansen K, Madsen L, Kopecky J. Induction of lipogenesis in white fat during cold exposure in mice: link to lean phenotype. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 41:372-380. [PMID: 28008171 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Futile substrate cycling based on lipolytic release of fatty acids (FA) from intracellular triacylglycerols (TAG) and their re-esterification (TAG/FA cycling), as well as de novo FA synthesis (de novo lipogenesis (DNL)), represent the core energy-consuming biochemical activities of white adipose tissue (WAT). We aimed to characterize their roles in cold-induced thermogenesis and energy homeostasis. METHODS Male obesity-resistant A/J and obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice maintained at 30 °C were exposed to 6 °C for 2 or 7 days. In epididymal WAT (eWAT), TAG synthesis and DNL were determined using in vivo 2H incorporation from 2H2O into tissue TAG and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Quantitative real-time-PCR and/or immunohistochemistry and western blotting were used to determine the expression of selected genes and proteins in WAT and liver. RESULTS The mass of WAT depots declined during cold exposure (CE). Plasma levels of TAG and non-esterified FA were decreased by day 2 but tended to normalize by day 7 of CE. TAG synthesis (reflecting TAG/FA cycle activity) gradually increased during CE. DNL decreased by day 2 of CE but increased several fold over the control values by day 7. Expression of genes involved in lipolysis, glyceroneogenesis, FA re-esterification, FA oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis in eWAT was induced during CE. All these changes were more pronounced in obesity-resistant A/J than in B6 mice and occurred in the absence of uncoupling protein 1 in eWAT. Expression of markers of glyceroneogenesis in eWAT correlated negatively with hepatic FA synthesis by day 7 in both strains. Leptin and fibroblast growth factor 21 plasma levels were differentially affected by CE in the two mouse strains. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate integrated involvement of (i) TAG/FA cycling and DNL in WAT, and (ii) hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein-TAG synthesis in the control of blood lipid levels and provision of FA fuels for thermogenesis in cold. They suggest that lipogenesis in WAT contributes to a lean phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Flachs
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Adamcova
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Zouhar
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Marques
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - P Janovska
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - I Viegas
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - J G Jones
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - K Bardova
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Svobodova
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Hansikova
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - O Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Rossmeisl
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - U Liisberg
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - A G Borkowska
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - L Madsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Kopecky
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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138
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Pereira MJ, Skrtic S, Katsogiannos P, Abrahamsson N, Sidibeh CO, Dahgam S, Månsson M, Risérus U, Kullberg J, Eriksson JW. Impaired adipose tissue lipid storage, but not altered lipolysis, contributes to elevated levels of NEFA in type 2 diabetes. Degree of hyperglycemia and adiposity are important factors. Metabolism 2016; 65:1768-1780. [PMID: 27832864 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) mediate many adverse metabolic effects. In this work we aim to determine the impact of type 2 diabetes (T2D), glycemic control and obesity on lipolysis regulation. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS 20 control and 20 metformin-treated T2D subjects were matched for sex (10M/10 F), age (58±11 vs 58±9 y) and BMI (30.8±4.6 vs 30.7±4.9kg/m2). In vivo lipolysis was assessed during a 3h-OGTT with plasma glycerol and NEFA levels. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies were obtained to measure mRNA and metabolite levels of factors related to lipolysis and lipid storage and to assess in vitro lipolysis in isolated subcutaneous adipocytes. RESULTS Plasma NEFA AUC during the OGTT where higher 30% (P=0.005) in T2D than in control subjects, but plasma glycerol AUC and subcutaneous adipocyte lipolysis in vitro were similar, suggesting that adipose tissue lipolysis is not altered. Expression in SAT of genes involved in lipid storage (FABP4, DGAT1, FASN) were reduced in T2D subjects compared with controls, but no differences were seen for genes involved in lipolysis. T2D subjects had elevated markers of beta-oxidation, α-hydroxybutyrate (1.4-fold, P<0.01) and β-hydroxybutyrate (1.7-fold, P<0.05) in plasma. In multivariate analysis, HbA1c, visceral adipose tissue volume and sex (male) were significantly associated with NEFA AUC in T2D subjects. CONCLUSIONS In T2D subjects, NEFA turnover is impaired, but not due to defects in lipolysis or lipid beta-oxidation. Impaired adipose NEFA re-esterification or de novo lipogenesis is likely to contribute to higher NEFA plasma levels in T2D. The data suggest that hyperglycemia and adiposity are important contributing factors for the regulation of plasma NEFA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Pereira
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- AstraZeneca R&D, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Cherno O Sidibeh
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ulf Risérus
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan W Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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139
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Nayeri S, Stothard P. Tissues, Metabolic Pathways and Genes of Key Importance in Lactating Dairy Cattle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40362-016-0040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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140
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Zhong T, Zhang H, Duan X, Hu J, Wang L, Li L, Zhang H, Niu L. Anti-obesity effect of radix Angelica sinensis and candidate causative genes in transcriptome analyses of adipose tissues in high-fat diet-induced mice. Gene 2016; 599:92-98. [PMID: 27838456 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that radix Angelica sinensis (RAS) suppressed body weight and altered the expression of the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene in mice with high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. In the present study we performed RNA sequencing-mediated transcriptome analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-obesogenic effects of RAS in mice. The results revealed that 36 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in adipose tissues from the RAS supplementation group (DH) and control group (HC). These 36 DEGs were clustered into 297 functional gene ontology (GO) categories, among which several GO annotations and signaling pathways were associated with lipid homeostasis. Six out of the 36 DEGs were identified to be involved in lipid metabolism, with the APOA2 gene a potential anti-obesogenic influence. The expression pattern revealed by RNA-Seq was identical to the results of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Therefore, RAS supplementation in HFD-induced obese mice was associated with an anti-obesogenic global transcriptomic response. This study provides insight into potential applications of RAS in obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoyue Duan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiangtao Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Involvement of JNK/NFκB Signaling Pathways in the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Modulation of Aquaglyceroporin Expression in 3T3-L1 Cells Differentiated into Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101742. [PMID: 27763558 PMCID: PMC5085770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaglyceroporins, belonging to the family of aquaporins (AQPs), are integral plasma membrane proteins permeable to water and glycerol that have emerged as key players in obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profile of AQPs in undifferentiated and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and to investigate the changes in expression of aquaglyceroporins in 3T3-L1 cells differentiated into adipocytes and subjected to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mimicking inflammation occurring during obesity. Furthermore, the study aimed at identifying the signaling cascade involved in the regulation of aquaglyceroporins expression upon LPS stimulation. 3T3-L1 cells were grown as undifferentiated cells (UDC; preadipocytes) or cells differentiated into adipocytes (DC, adipocytes). DC were incubated in the presence or absence of LPS with or without inhibitors of various protein kinases. AQPs mRNA expression levels were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). AQP1, AQP2, AQP3, AQP9 and AQP11 mRNA were expressed in both UDC and DC, whereas AQP4, AQP7 and AQP8 mRNA were expressed only in DC. In DC, LPS up-regulated AQP3 mRNA levels (p < 0.05) compared to control; these effects were inhibited by CLI095, SP600125 and BAY11-7082 (p < 0.05). LPS decreased both AQP7 and AQP11 mRNA levels (p < 0.01) in DC as compared to control; this decrease was inhibited by CLI095 and BAY11-7082 (p < 0.05) and additionally by SP00125 for AQP7 (p < 0.05). SB203580 had no effect on LPS-induced AQP3, AQP7 and AQP11 mRNA levels modulations. In conclusion, our results clearly show that many AQPs are expressed in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, in DCs, LPS led to decreased AQP7 and AQP11 mRNA levels but to increased AQP3 mRNA levels, resulting from the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-induced activation of JNK and/or NFκB pathway.
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142
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Cheung OKW, Cheng ASL. Gender Differences in Adipocyte Metabolism and Liver Cancer Progression. Front Genet 2016; 7:168. [PMID: 27703473 PMCID: PMC5029146 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third most common cancer type and the second leading cause of deaths in men. Large population studies have demonstrated remarkable gender disparities in the incidence and the cumulative risk of liver cancer. A number of emerging risk factors regarding metabolic alterations associated with obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia have been ascribed to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) and ultimately liver cancer. The deregulation of fat metabolism derived from excessive insulin, glucose, and lipid promotes cancer-causing inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress, which eventually triggers the uncontrolled hepatocellular proliferation. This review presents the current standing on the gender differences in body fat compositions and their mechanistic linkage with the development of NAFLD-related liver cancer, with an emphasis on genetic, epigenetic and microRNA control. The potential roles of sex hormones in instructing adipocyte metabolic programs may help unravel the mechanisms underlying gender dimorphism in liver cancer and identify the metabolic targets for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto K-W Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Alfred S-L Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
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143
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Tol MJ, Ottenhoff R, van Eijk M, Zelcer N, Aten J, Houten SM, Geerts D, van Roomen C, Bierlaagh MC, Scheij S, Hoeksema MA, Aerts JM, Bogan JS, Dorn GW, Argmann CA, Verhoeven AJ. A PPARγ-Bnip3 Axis Couples Adipose Mitochondrial Fusion-Fission Balance to Systemic Insulin Sensitivity. Diabetes 2016; 65:2591-605. [PMID: 27325287 PMCID: PMC5001173 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant mitochondrial fission plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. However, fusion-fission dynamics are physiologically regulated by inherent tissue-specific and nutrient-sensitive processes that may have distinct or even opposing effects with respect to insulin sensitivity. Based on a combination of mouse population genetics and functional in vitro assays, we describe here a regulatory circuit in which peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), the adipocyte master regulator and receptor for the thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic drugs, controls mitochondrial network fragmentation through transcriptional induction of Bnip3. Short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of Bnip3 in cultured adipocytes shifts the balance toward mitochondrial elongation, leading to compromised respiratory capacity, heightened fatty acid β-oxidation-associated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, insulin resistance, and reduced triacylglycerol storage. Notably, the selective fission/Drp1 inhibitor Mdivi-1 mimics the effects of Bnip3 knockdown on adipose mitochondrial bioenergetics and glucose disposal. We further show that Bnip3 is reciprocally regulated in white and brown fat depots of diet-induced obesity and leptin-deficient ob/ob mouse models. Finally, Bnip3(-/-) mice trade reduced adiposity for increased liver steatosis and develop aggravated systemic insulin resistance in response to high-fat feeding. Together, our data outline Bnip3 as a key effector of PPARγ-mediated adipose mitochondrial network fragmentation, improving insulin sensitivity and limiting oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Tol
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco van Eijk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Aten
- Department of Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander M Houten
- Department of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cindy van Roomen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marlou C Bierlaagh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Scheij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marten A Hoeksema
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes M Aerts
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan S Bogan
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Internal Medicine & Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Gerald W Dorn
- Centre for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Carmen A Argmann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Arthur J Verhoeven
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Bernardino RL, Marinelli RA, Maggio A, Gena P, Cataldo I, Alves MG, Svelto M, Oliveira PF, Calamita G. Hepatocyte and Sertoli Cell Aquaporins, Recent Advances and Research Trends. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071096. [PMID: 27409609 PMCID: PMC4964472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are proteinaceous channels widespread in nature where they allow facilitated permeation of water and uncharged through cellular membranes. AQPs play a number of important roles in both health and disease. This review focuses on the most recent advances and research trends regarding the expression and modulation, as well as physiological and pathophysiological functions of AQPs in hepatocytes and Sertoli cells (SCs). Besides their involvement in bile formation, hepatocyte AQPs are involved in maintaining energy balance acting in hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism, and in critical processes such as ammonia detoxification and mitochondrial output of hydrogen peroxide. Roles are played in clinical disorders including fatty liver disease, diabetes, obesity, cholestasis, hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. In the seminiferous tubules, particularly in SCs, AQPs are also widely expressed and seem to be implicated in the various stages of spermatogenesis. Like in hepatocytes, AQPs may be involved in maintaining energy homeostasis in these cells and have a major role in the metabolic cooperation established in the testicular tissue. Altogether, this information represents the mainstay of current and future investigation in an expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel L Bernardino
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Raul A Marinelli
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 531 S2002LRK Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Anna Maggio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharnaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Gena
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharnaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Cataldo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharnaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco G Alves
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharnaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharnaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy.
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145
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Zou H, Bai X, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Lu W. Influence of long (16L:8D) and short (8L:16D) photoperiods on blood metabolites and hepatic metabolism in Olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:924. [PMID: 27386368 PMCID: PMC4927530 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study the influence of long photoperiod (LP, 16L:8D) and short photoperiod (SP, 8L:16D) on hepatic energy metabolism in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was investigated. Flounders were maintained under LP or SP conditions for 2 weeks then plasmatic and hepatic parameters were assessed. At the plasmatic level, the concentration of cortisol was enhanced in flounder maintained under LP compared to SP. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme activities in plasma also increased in LP flounder. There was no significant difference in plasma glucose levels between the two experimental groups. Plasma osmotic pressure, Na and Cl levels were significantly higher in LP compared to the SP group. In liver, a significant decrease of triglycerides together with an increase in glycogen was observed in the LP group. Hepatic hsl and pepck and muscle hsl mRNA expression in LP was significantly higher in the SP group. Overall the results indicate that the LP treatment caused a mild stress response and increased hepatic energy metabolism in the flounder, which in turn could affect osmoregulation. In conclusion, it would appear that LP treatment can adversely influence hepatic energy metabolism in adult olive flounder under fasting condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China ; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Xianshou Bai
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Yuhong Feng
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Youji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China ; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
| | - Weiqun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China ; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306 China
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146
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Kowalski GM, Hamley S, Selathurai A, Kloehn J, De Souza DP, O'Callaghan S, Nijagal B, Tull DL, McConville MJ, Bruce CR. Reversing diet-induced metabolic dysregulation by diet switching leads to altered hepatic de novo lipogenesis and glycerolipid synthesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27541. [PMID: 27273128 PMCID: PMC4895138 DOI: 10.1038/srep27541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, low-energy diets rapidly reduce hepatic fat and improve/normalise glycemic control. Due to difficulties in obtaining human liver, little is known about changes to the lipid species and pathway fluxes that occur under these conditions. Using a combination of stable isotope, and targeted metabolomic approaches we investigated the acute (7-9 days) hepatic effects of switching high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFD) fed obese mice back to a chow diet. Upon the switch, energy intake was reduced, resulting in reductions of fat mass and hepatic triacyl- and diacylglycerol. However, these parameters were still elevated compared to chow fed mice, thus representing an intermediate phenotype. Nonetheless, glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia were completely normalized. The diet reversal resulted in marked reductions in hepatic de novo lipogenesis when compared to the chow and HFD groups. Compared with HFD, glycerolipid synthesis was reduced in the reversal animals, however it remained elevated above that of chow controls, indicating that despite experiencing a net loss in lipid stores, the liver was still actively esterifying available fatty acids at rates higher than that in chow control mice. This effect likely promotes the re-esterification of excess free fatty acids released from the breakdown of adipose depots during the weight loss period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg M Kowalski
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Steven Hamley
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Ahrathy Selathurai
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Joachim Kloehn
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - David P De Souza
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sean O'Callaghan
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Brunda Nijagal
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Dedreia L Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Malcolm J McConville
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Clinton R Bruce
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
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147
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Shimozuru M, Nagashima A, Tanaka J, Tsubota T. Seasonal changes in the expression of energy metabolism-related genes in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in female Japanese black bears. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 196-197:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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148
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Suzuki S, Awai K, Ishihara A, Yamauchi K. Cold temperature blocks thyroid hormone-induced changes in lipid and energy metabolism in the liver of Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:19. [PMID: 26981232 PMCID: PMC4792105 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure of the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles to low temperature affects many biological processes including lipid metabolism and the thyroid hormone (TH) signaling pathway, resulting in arrest of TH-induced metamorphosis. To clarify what molecular events occur in this phenomenon, we investigated the glycerophospholipid and fatty acid (FA) compositions, the activities of mitochondrial enzymes and the transcript levels of related genes in the liver of control (26 °C) and cold-treated (4 °C) tadpoles with or without 5 nM 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3). RESULTS Exposure to T3 decreased the tail height and polyunsaturation of FAs in the glycerophospholipids, and increased plasma glucose levels and transcript levels of primary TH-response genes including TH receptor, and some energy metabolic (cox4, srebp1 and fas) and FA chain elongase genes (elovl3 and elovl5). However, these T3-induced responses were abolished at 4 °C. Exposure to cold temperature enhanced plasma glucose, triglyceride and free FA levels, monounsaturation of FAs, mitochondrial enzymes activities (cytochrome c oxidase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase; U/g liver), with the upregulation of the genes involved in glycogenolysis (pygl), gluconeogenesis (pck1 and g6pc2), FA β-oxidation (acadl), and cholesterol uptake and synthesis (hmgcr, srebp2 and ldlr1), glycerophospholipids synthesis (pcyt1, pcyt2, pemt, and pparg), and FA monounsaturation (scd1) and chain elongation (elovl1 and elovl2). T3 had little effect on the cold-induced changes. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that exposures to T3 and cold temperature exert different effects on lipid metabolism, resulting in changes in the FA composition in glycerophospholipids, and suggests that a cold-induced signal may block TH-signaling pathway around primary TH-response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Suzuki
- />Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
| | - Koichiro Awai
- />Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
| | - Akinori Ishihara
- />Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
- />Green Biology Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamauchi
- />Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
- />Green Biology Research Division, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
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Sex-specific alterations in glucose homeostasis and metabolic parameters during ageing of caspase-2-deficient mice. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16009. [PMID: 27551503 PMCID: PMC4979492 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender-specific differences are commonly found in metabolic pathways and in response to nutritional manipulation. Previously, we identified a role for caspase-2 in age-related glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism using male caspase-2-deficient (Casp2−/−) mice. Here we show that the resistance to age-induced glucose tolerance does not occur in female Casp2−/− mice and it appears to be independent of insulin sensitivity in males. Using fasting (18 h) as a means to further investigate the role of caspase-2 in energy and lipid metabolism, we identified sex-specific differences in the fasting response and lipid mobilization. In aged (18–22 months) male Casp2−/− mice, a significant decrease in fasting liver mass, but not total body weight, was observed while in females, total body weight, but not liver mass, was reduced when compared with wild-type (WT) animals. Fasting-induced lipolysis of adipose tissue was enhanced in male Casp2−/− mice as indicated by a significant reduction in white adipocyte cell size, and increased serum-free fatty acids. In females, white adipocyte cell size was significantly smaller in both fed and fasted Casp2−/− mice. No difference in fasting-induced hepatosteatosis was observed in the absence of caspase-2. Further analysis of white adipose tissue (WAT) indicated that female Casp2−/− mice may have enhanced fatty acid recycling and metabolism with expression of genes involved in glyceroneogenesis and fatty acid oxidation increased. Loss of Casp2 also increased fasting-induced autophagy in both male and female liver and in female skeletal muscle. Our observations suggest that caspase-2 can regulate glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism in a tissue and sex-specific manner.
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Sleeve Gastrectomy Reduces Hepatic Steatosis by Improving the Coordinated Regulation of Aquaglyceroporins in Adipose Tissue and Liver in Obese Rats. Obes Surg 2015; 25:1723-34. [PMID: 25736229 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycerol constitutes an important metabolite for the control of lipid accumulation and glucose homeostasis. Our aim was to investigate the potential role of aquaglyceroporins, which are glycerol channels mediating glycerol efflux in adipocytes (AQP3 and AQP7) and glycerol influx (AQP9) in hepatocytes, in the improvement of adiposity and hepatic steatosis after sleeve gastrectomy in an experimental model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). METHODS Male Wistar DIO rats (n = 161) were subjected to surgical (sham operation and sleeve gastrectomy) or dietary interventions [fed ad libitum a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) or pair-fed to the amount of food eaten by sleeve-gastrectomized animals]. The tissue distribution and expression of AQPs in biopsies of epididymal (EWAT) and subcutaneous (SCWAT) white adipose tissue and liver were analyzed by real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Four weeks after surgery, DIO rats undergoing sleeve gastrectomy showed a reduction in body weight, whole-body adiposity, and hepatic steatosis. DIO was associated with a tendency towards an increase in EWAT AQP3 and SCWAT AQP7 and a decrease in hepatic AQP9. Sleeve gastrectomy downregulated AQP7 in both fat depots and upregulated AQP3 in EWAT, without changing hepatic AQP9. Aqp7 transcript levels in EWAT and SCWAT were positively associated with adiposity and glycemia, while Aqp9 mRNA was negatively correlated with markers of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Our results show, for the first time, that sleeve gastrectomy, a widely applied bariatric surgery procedure, restores the coordinated regulation of fat-specific AQP7 and liver-specific AQP9, thereby improving whole-body adiposity and hepatic steatosis.
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