101
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Pervaiz N, Kaur H, Parsad D, Kumar R. Immune modulatory effects of lenalidomide on the cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vitiligo patients. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e14473. [PMID: 33124184 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a depigmentary disease in which epidermal melanocytes are lost. It is considered to be an autoimmune disease. Lenalidomide, an immunomodulatory drug is being employed in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In the present manuscript, the effect of lenalidomide on T cells and major cytokines in the cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from vitiligo patients was checked. Eight patients with a clinical diagnosis of active vitiligo volunteered for the study. Blood was collected from them and PBMCs were isolated, cultured, and treated with lenalidomide. After 72 hours, PBMCs were harvested and checked for CD8+ and CD4+ T cells by flow cytometry. Further supernatant was collected and the levels of cytokines namely tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were checked using ELISA kits. Lenalidomide nonsignificantly decreased the level of CD8+ T cells but increased CD4+ T cells leading to increased CD4+ /CD8+ T cell ratio. It declined the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, that is, TNF-α and IFN-γ whereas elevated anti-inflammatory cytokines, that is, IL-10 and IL-4, thus ultimately decreasing the ratio of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines. Lenalidomide suppressed the proliferation of T lymphocytes and modulated the cytokines secretion toward an anti-inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Pervaiz
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harjot Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Davinder Parsad
- Department of Dermatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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102
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Wolk K, Join-Lambert O, Sabat R. Aetiology and pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:999-1010. [PMID: 33048349 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder. Patients develop inflamed nodules and abscesses and, at later stages of disease, epithelialized tunnels and scars in skinfolds of axillary, inguinal, gluteal and perianal areas. Quality of life is affected due to severe pain, purulent secretion, restricted mobility and systemic involvement. Genetics and lifestyle factors including smoking and obesity contribute to the development of HS. These factors lead to microbiome alteration, subclinical inflammation around the terminal hair follicles, and infundibular hyperkeratosis, resulting in plugging and rupture of the follicles. Cell-damage-associated molecules and propagating bacteria trigger inflammation and lead to massive immune cell infiltration that clinically manifests as inflamed nodules and abscesses. The immune system plays a key role also in the progression and chronification of skin alterations. Innate proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α), mediators of activated T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells (e.g. interleukin-17 and interferon-γ), and effector mechanisms of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages and plasma cells are involved. Simultaneously, skin lesions contain anti-inflammatory mediators (e.g. interleukin-10) and show limited activity of Th22 and regulatory T cells. The inflammatory vicious circle finally results in pain, purulence, tissue destruction and scarring. Chronic inflammation in patients with HS is also frequently detected in organs other than the skin, as indicated by their comorbidities. All these aspects represent a challenge for the development of therapeutic approaches, which are urgently needed for this debilitating disease. This scholarly review focuses on the causes and pathogenetic mechanisms of HS and the potential therapeutic value of this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wolk
- Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - O Join-Lambert
- Groupe de Recherche sur l'Adaptation Microbienne (GRAM 2.0, EA 2656), Normandie University, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, Caen, France.,Department of Microbiology, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - R Sabat
- Interdisciplinary Group of Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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103
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Pinheiro PF, Justino GC, Marques MM. NKp30 - A prospective target for new cancer immunotherapy strategies. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4563-4580. [PMID: 32737988 PMCID: PMC7520444 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are an important arm of the innate immune system. They constitutively express the NKp30 receptor. NKp30-mediated responses are triggered by the binding of specific ligands e.g. tumour cell-derived B7-H6 and involve the secretion of cytotoxic mediators including TNF-α, IFN-γ, perforins and granzymes. The latter two constitute a target cell-directed response that is critical in the process of immunosurveillance. The structure of NKp30 is presented, focusing on the ligand-binding site, on the ligand-induced structural changes and on the experimental data available correlating structure and binding affinity. The translation of NKp30 structural changes to disease progression is also reviewed. NKp30 role in immunotherapy has been explored in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. However, antibodies or small ligands targeting NKp30 have not yet been developed. The data reviewed herein unveil the key structural aspects that must be considered for drug design in order to develop novel immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F. Pinheiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Gonçalo C. Justino
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - M. Matilde Marques
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
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104
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Gorby C, Sotolongo Bellón J, Wilmes S, Warda W, Pohler E, Fyfe PK, Cozzani A, Ferrand C, Walter MR, Mitra S, Piehler J, Moraga I. Engineered IL-10 variants elicit potent immunomodulatory effects at low ligand doses. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/649/eabc0653. [PMID: 32934073 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a dimeric cytokine with both immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory activities; however, IL-10-based therapies have shown only marginal clinical benefits. Here, we explored whether the stability of the IL-10 receptor complex contributes to the immunomodulatory potency of IL-10. We generated an IL-10 mutant with enhanced affinity for its IL-10Rβ receptor using yeast surface display. Compared to the wild-type cytokine, the affinity-enhanced IL-10 variants recruited IL-10Rβ more efficiently into active cell surface signaling complexes and triggered greater STAT1 and STAT3 activation in human monocytes and CD8+ T cells. These effects, in turn, led to more robust induction of IL-10-mediated gene expression programs at low ligand concentrations in both human cell subsets. IL-10-regulated genes are involved in monocyte energy homeostasis, migration, and trafficking and in CD8+ T cell exhaustion. At nonsaturating doses, IL-10 did not induce key components of its gene expression program, which may explain its lack of efficacy in clinical settings. Our engineered IL-10 variant showed a more robust bioactivity profile than that of wild-type IL-10 at low doses in monocytes and CD8+ T cells. Moreover, CAR-modified T cells expanded with the engineered IL-10 variant displayed superior cytolytic activity than those expanded with wild-type IL-10. Our study provides insights into how IL-10 receptor complex stability fine-tunes IL-10 biology and opens new opportunities to revitalize failed IL-10 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gorby
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK
| | - Junel Sotolongo Bellón
- Department of Biology and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Stephan Wilmes
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK
| | - Walid Warda
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Elizabeth Pohler
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK
| | - Paul K Fyfe
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK
| | - Adeline Cozzani
- Université de Lille, INSERM UMR1277 CNRS UMR9020-CANTHER and Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France
| | - Christophe Ferrand
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Mark R Walter
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35243, USA
| | - Suman Mitra
- Université de Lille, INSERM UMR1277 CNRS UMR9020-CANTHER and Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille (IRCL), Lille, France
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK.
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Abstract
The role of T cells in the resolution or exacerbation of COVID-19, as well as their potential to provide long-term protection from reinfection with SARS-CoV-2, remains debated. Nevertheless, recent studies have highlighted various aspects of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection that are starting to enable some general concepts to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Chen
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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106
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Inducible nitric oxide synthase plays a role in depression- and anxiety-like behaviors chronically induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats: Evidence from inflammation and oxidative stress. Behav Brain Res 2020; 392:112720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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107
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Van Nguyen T, Piao CH, Fan YJ, Shin DU, Kim SY, Song HJ, Song CH, Shin HS, Chai OH. Anti-allergic rhinitis activity of α-lipoic acid via balancing Th17/Treg expression and enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 pathway signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12528. [PMID: 32719431 PMCID: PMC7385155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) mouse model was established to investigate whether α-Lipoic acid (LA) has a protective effect against upper respiratory tract inflammation. BALB/c mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection and challenged by intranasal application of OVA. Mice were orally administered various doses of LA once daily (2, 10, 50 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (Dex; 2.5 mg/kg) 1 h before OVA challenge. Allergic nasal symptoms, levels of OVA-specific immunoglobulins, cytokines, and transcription factors were measured. Nasal and lung histopathology were evaluated. LA administration significantly alleviated the nasal symptoms such as rubbing and sneezing, markedly reduced both serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 levels. The LA treatment group showed markedly up-regulated levels of the Treg cytokine IL-10 and Treg transcription factor Foxp3. In contrast, it showed down-regulated levels of the Th17 cytokine IL-17 and the Th17 transcription factor STAT3, and RORγ. LA greatly enhanced the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway signaling and inhibited the activation of NF-κB/IκB, markedly suppressed the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and chemokine COX-2. The histologic alterations of nasal and lung tissues of AR mice were effectively ameliorated by LA. Based on these results, we suggest that LA could be a potential therapeutic agent in OVA-induced AR by virtue of its role in controlling the Th17/Treg balance and enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 pathway signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Van Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Hua Piao
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Jing Fan
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Shin
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yong Kim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ji Song
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Song
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55365, Republic of Korea
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
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108
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West Nile Virus: An Update on Pathobiology, Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Control and "One Health" Implications. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070589. [PMID: 32707644 PMCID: PMC7400489 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is an important zoonotic flavivirus responsible for mild fever to severe, lethal neuroinvasive disease in humans, horses, birds, and other wildlife species. Since its discovery, WNV has caused multiple human and animal disease outbreaks in all continents, except Antarctica. Infections are associated with economic losses, mainly due to the cost of treatment of infected patients, control programmes, and loss of animals and animal products. The pathogenesis of WNV has been extensively investigated in natural hosts as well as in several animal models, including rodents, lagomorphs, birds, and reptiles. However, most of the proposed pathogenesis hypotheses remain contentious, and much remains to be elucidated. At the same time, the unavailability of specific antiviral treatment or effective and safe vaccines contribute to the perpetuation of the disease and regular occurrence of outbreaks in both endemic and non-endemic areas. Moreover, globalisation and climate change are also important drivers of the emergence and re-emergence of the virus and disease. Here, we give an update of the pathobiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, control, and “One Health” implications of WNV infection and disease.
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109
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Saraiva M, Vieira P, O'Garra A. Biology and therapeutic potential of interleukin-10. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20190418. [PMID: 31611251 PMCID: PMC7037253 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors review the molecular mechanisms regulating IL-10 production and response and describe classic and novel functions of IL-10 in immune and non-immune cells. They further discuss the therapeutic potential of IL-10 in different diseases and the outstanding questions underlying an effective application of IL-10 in clinical settings. The cytokine IL-10 is a key anti-inflammatory mediator ensuring protection of a host from over-exuberant responses to pathogens and microbiota, while playing important roles in other settings as sterile wound healing, autoimmunity, cancer, and homeostasis. Here we discuss our current understanding of the regulation of IL-10 production and of the molecular pathways associated with IL-10 responses. In addition to IL-10’s classic inhibitory effects on myeloid cells, we also describe the nonclassic roles attributed to this pleiotropic cytokine, including how IL-10 regulates basic processes of neural and adipose cells and how it promotes CD8 T cell activation, as well as epithelial repair. We further discuss its therapeutic potential in the context of different diseases and the outstanding questions that may help develop an effective application of IL-10 in diverse clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Saraiva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Vieira
- Department of Immunology, Unité Lymphopoièse, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1223, Paris, France
| | - Anne O'Garra
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
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110
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Vicente-Pascual M, Gómez-Aguado I, Rodríguez-Castejón J, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Muntoni E, Battaglia L, del Pozo-Rodríguez A, Solinís Aspiazu MÁ. Topical Administration of SLN-Based Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Corneal Inflammation by De Novo IL-10 Production. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060584. [PMID: 32586018 PMCID: PMC7355708 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main challenges in gene therapy is the issue of delivery, and it is especially relevant for the success of gene therapy in the cornea. In the present work, eye drops containing biocompatible non-viral vectors based on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as gene delivery systems to induce the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) were designed to address the treatment of corneal inflammation. Two kinds of SLNs combined with different ligands (protamine, dextran, or hyaluronic acid (HA)) and formulated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared. SLN-based vectors were characterized in terms of size, adhesiveness, viscosity, and pH, before topical administration to wild type and IL-10 knock out (KO) mice. The formulations showed a homogenous particle size below 400 nm and a positive surface charge to favor bioadhesion; the incorporation of PVA improved the corneal penetration. After three days of treatment by topical instillation, SLN-based vectors mainly transfected corneal epithelial cells, HA-formulations being the most effective ones. IL-10 was capable of reaching even the endothelial layer. Corneal sections showed no histological change and formulations seemed to be well tolerated after repeated topical administration. These promising results highlight the possible contribution of non-viral gene augmentation therapy to the future clinical approach of corneal gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Vicente-Pascual
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.V.-P.); (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (A.R.-G.)
| | - Itziar Gómez-Aguado
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.V.-P.); (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (A.R.-G.)
| | - Julen Rodríguez-Castejón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.V.-P.); (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (A.R.-G.)
| | - Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.V.-P.); (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (A.R.-G.)
| | - Elisabetta Muntoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (E.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Ana del Pozo-Rodríguez
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.V.-P.); (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (A.R.-G.)
- Correspondence: (A.d.P.-R.); (M.Á.S.A.)
| | - María Ángeles Solinís Aspiazu
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (M.V.-P.); (I.G.-A.); (J.R.-C.); (A.R.-G.)
- Correspondence: (A.d.P.-R.); (M.Á.S.A.)
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111
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Immunotherapy in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Innate, adaptive and targeted immunological strategies. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 88:102042. [PMID: 32521386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the clinical introduction of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies into lymphoma treatment, immunologic approaches in lymphoma have made substantial progress. Advances in our understanding of tumor immunology have led to the development of strategies to overcome immunologic barriers responsible for an ineffective immune response. Specifically, therapeutic agents have been developed and tested against molecules that are responsible for T-cell exhaustion. The use of monoclonal antibodies against immune checkpoints in the adaptive immune system, such as programmed cell death-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, has changed the landscape of cancer therapy including the treatment of lymphoma. This achievement has recently been accompanied by the development of novel immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the innate immune system, including the CD47-SIRPα signaling pathway, and this approach has yielded promising results. To overcome impaired antigen presentation, antibody-based cytotoxic strategies, namely antibody-drug conjugates (polatuzumab vedotin and brentuximab vedotin) and bispecific T-cell or NK-cell engagers (blinatumomab, REGN1979, RG6206, and AFM13), have rapidly evolved with promising clinical activity. As additional tools become available for lymphoma treatment, formulation of safe, rational combination strategies to combine them with standard therapy will be of paramount importance. A successful approach to the treatment of lymphoma may require both an optimized anti-tumor immune response as well as effective depletion of malignant lymphoid cells.
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112
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Ramaseri Sunder S, Suryadevara NC, Pydi SS, Neela VSK, Valluri VL. Defective Antigen Presentation Leads to Upregulation of PD1 and IL-10 in HIV-TB Co-Infection. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:310-319. [PMID: 32456524 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-tuberculosis (HIV-TB) co-infection poses a challenge to the immunologists in developing new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Mechanisms behind the breakdown of the immune defense of the co-infected individual are poorly known. Numerous studies in HIV alone have revealed the role of PD1, TAP, and IL-10, but not in co-infection. The interaction of the 2 distinct bugs, which is resulting in domination over the host immune system, is still a lacuna. Hence, we aimed to portray functions of IL-10, TAP, and PD1 molecules in HIV-TB co-infection. Co-culture cells challenged with γ-irradiated M.Tb under various conditions resulted in high interleukin (IL)-10 secretion and high percentage of PD1 expression on CD8 T cells, which might be due to defective antigen presentation of TAP on dendritic cells and macrophages. Herein our observations provide an insight into the escape mechanisms by M.Tb in HIV-infected individuals from the host immune responses leading to TB co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naveen Chandra Suryadevara
- LEPRA India, BPHRC, Cherlapally, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.,Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology Department, Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - Vijaya Lakshmi Valluri
- Immunology and Molecular Biology Department, Bhagwan Mahaveer Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
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113
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Sturm R, Xanthopoulos L, Heftrig D, Oppermann E, Vrdoljak T, Dunay IR, Marzi I, Relja B. Regulatory T Cells Modulate CD4 Proliferation after Severe Trauma via IL-10. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041052. [PMID: 32276346 PMCID: PMC7230720 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Severely injured patients frequently develop an immunological imbalance following the traumatic insult, which might result in infectious complications evoked by a persisting immunosuppression. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain the immune homeostasis by suppressing proinflammatory responses, however, their functionality after trauma is unclear. Here, we characterized the role of Tregs in regulating the proliferation of CD4+ lymphocytes in traumatized patients (TP). Methods: Peripheral blood was obtained daily from 29 severely injured TP (Injury Severity Score, ISS ≥16) for ten days following admission to the emergency department (ED). Ten healthy volunteers (HV) served as controls. The frequency and activity of Tregs were assessed by flow cytometry. Proliferation of CD4+ cells was analyzed either in presence or absence of Tregs, or after blocking of either IL-10 or IL-10R1. Results: The frequencies of CD4+CD25high and CD4+CD25+CD127− Tregs were significantly decreased immediately upon admission of TP to the ED and during the following 10 post-injury days. Compared with HV CD4+ T cell proliferation in TP increased significantly upon their admission and on the following days. As expected, CD4+CD25+CD127− Tregs reduced the proliferation of CD4+ cells in HV, nevertheless, CD4+ proliferation in TP was increased by Tregs. Neutralization of IL-10 as well as blocking the IL-10R1 increased further CD4+ T cell proliferation in Tregs-depleted cultures, thereby confirming an IL-10-mediated mechanism of IL-10-regulated CD4+ T cell proliferation. Neutralization of IL-10 in TP decreased CD4+ T cell proliferation in Tregs-depleted cultures, whereas blocking of the IL-10R1 receptor had no significant effects. Conclusions: The frequency of Tregs in the CD4+ T lymphocyte population is reduced after trauma; however, their inductiveness is increased. The mechanisms of deregulated influence of Tregs on CD4+ T cell proliferation are mediated via IL-10 but not via the IL-10R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Sturm
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.S.); (L.X.); (I.M.)
| | - Lara Xanthopoulos
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.S.); (L.X.); (I.M.)
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - David Heftrig
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Clinic for Radiology, Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elsie Oppermann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany;
| | - Teodora Vrdoljak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Dubrava, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.S.); (L.X.); (I.M.)
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-391-67-28242
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Chen T, Zhou J, Qu Z, Zou Q, Liu X, Su J, Fu X, Yuan G. Administration of dietary recombinant hepcidin on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) against Flavobacterium columnare infection under cage aquaculture conditions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:27-34. [PMID: 32001352 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin links iron metabolism with innate immunity during the inhibition of bacterial infection. Our previous studies had shown that recombinant hepcidin can significantly reduce the mortality rate of Ctenopharyngodon idella infected with Flavobacterium columnare under laboratory conditions. Here, we studied the preventive and therapeutic effects of feed supplemented with different doses of recombinant hepcidin on F. columnare-challenged C. idella reared in a cage culture environment. The results showed that in the prevention groups, 30 and 90 mg/kg of added purified and unpurified hepcidin respectively resulted in a higher survival rate in the early post-infection period, while 60 mg/kg of purified hepcidin significantly improved the survival rate in the therapy group (all compared to the control group). In the hepatopancreas, the expression of hepcidin and ferritin was significantly up-regulated, and the levels of ferroportin and serum iron were significantly decreased, especially in the therapy group. In addition, the expression of iron-related genes in spleen and intestine exhibited a similar trend to that in hepatopancreas. Meanwhile, immune genes were up-regulated to varying degrees, and the therapy group exhibited a significantly improved expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and specific immunity. In summary, our study shows that different doses of recombinant hepcidin had protective effects against bacterial infection by regulating the iron distribution and immune gene expression, which provides a strong foundation for the application of recombinant hepcidin in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China; Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- Wuhan DBN Aquaculture Technology Co. LTD, Wuhan, Hubei, 430090, China; Changde DBN Feed Co. LTD, Changde, Hunan, 415400, China
| | - Ziling Qu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qi Zou
- Wuhan DBN Aquaculture Technology Co. LTD, Wuhan, Hubei, 430090, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaozhe Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, PR China.
| | - Gailing Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Pietrzak E, Dunislawska A, Siwek M, Zampiga M, Sirri F, Meluzzi A, Tavaniello S, Maiorano G, Slawinska A. Splenic Gene Expression Signatures in Slow-Growing Chickens Stimulated in Ovo with Galactooligosaccharides and Challenged with Heat. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030474. [PMID: 32178295 PMCID: PMC7143207 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) that are delivered in ovo improve intestinal microbiota composition and mitigate the negative effects of heat stress in broiler chickens. Hubbard hybrids are slow-growing chickens with a high resistance to heat. In this paper, we determined the impact of GOS delivered in ovo on slow-growing chickens that are challenged with heat. The experiment was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. On day 12 of incubation, GOS (3.5 mg/egg) was delivered into the egg (n = 300). Controls (C) were mock-injected with physiological saline (n = 300). After hatching, the GOS and C groups were split into thermal groups: thermoneutral (TN) and heat stress (HS). HS (30 °C) lasted for 14 days (days 36-50 post-hatching). The spleen (n = 8) was sampled after acute (8.5 h) and chronic (14 days) HS. The gene expression of immune-related (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, and IL-17) and stress-related genes (HSP25, HSP90AA1, BAG3, CAT, and SOD) was detected with RT-qPCR. Chronic HS up-regulated the expression of the genes: IL-10, IL-12p40, SOD (p < 0.05), and CAT (p < 0.01). GOS delivered in ovo down-regulated IL-4 (acute p < 0.001; chronic p < 0.01), IL-12p40, CAT and SOD (chronic p < 0.05). The obtained results suggest that slow-growing hybrids are resistant to acute heat and tolerant to chronic heat, which can be supported with in ovo GOS administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Pietrzak
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (E.P.); (A.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Dunislawska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (E.P.); (A.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Siwek
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (E.P.); (A.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Marco Zampiga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Via del Florio 2, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Via del Florio 2, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Adele Meluzzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Via del Florio 2, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (M.Z.); (F.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Siria Tavaniello
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via F. de Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.T.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Maiorano
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via F. de Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (S.T.); (G.M.)
| | - Anna Slawinska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (E.P.); (A.D.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-052-374-97-50
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Interleukin-10, Interferon Gamma, Interleukin-2, and Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor Alpha Detected during Peritonitis in the Dialysate and Serum of Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089601600610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze interleukin (IL)-10, interferon gamma (IFN-y), IL-2, and soluble IL-2 receptor alpha (sIL2Rα) in the dialysate and serum of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Design and Patients Samples from dialysate bags were collected during the initial month of dialysis. During peritonitis, samples were collected from the first three bags on the day of admittance to the hospital and from the night bags on days 3 and 10. Serum samples were drawn on days 1 and 10. .Results: IL-10 was detected in all dialysate samples except one on the first day of infection, with a peak median level of 50 pg/mL and a slow decrease thereafter. In serum the median levels never exceeded detectable levels. Patients infected with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus had higher IL-10 levels in dialysate on day 3 as compared to the remaining patients (p < 0.05). If the catheter had to be drawn, because of persistent cloudy dialysate, the IL-10 levels remained elevated for a longer time (p<0.05). IFN-y and IL-2were detected only in the dialysate of patients infected with either S. aureusor S. epidermidis. Only one serum sample showed increased IFN-y. SIL-2Rα was found in all the serum and dialysis samples from the first day of infection. Contrary to the analyzed cytokines, the receptor showed several fold higher levels in serum as compared to the dialysate. During the infection the receptor levels in the dialysate increased, while they remained stationary in the serum, indicating a local production. Conclusion This is the first time IL-10 has been demonstrated in the dialysate during peritonitis in CAPD patients. In view of its role as a suppressor of the immune and inflammatory responses, it is a potentially important observation, which might have clinical implications in the future.
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Zhu M, Zhou J, Liang Y, Nair V, Yao Y, Cheng Z. CCCH-type zinc finger antiviral protein mediates antiviral immune response by activating T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:299-307. [PMID: 31945209 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ab1119-314rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP), as a host restriction factor, inhibits the replication of certain viruses by binding viral mRNA or proteins for degradation. However, little is known about the role of ZAP in the antiviral immune response. We now show that ZAP participates in the antiviral immune response by activating T cells. Overexpression of ZAP significantly inhibited avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) replication and reduced the associated inflammatory damage in vivo. In this study, we found that ZAP tended to be expressed in T lymphocytes, especially after ALV-J infection. T lymphocyte proliferation proceeded as usual in response to ALV-J infection in the presence of ZAP, indicating that ZAP endows T lymphocytes with resistance to the immunosuppression caused by ALV-J. Furthermore, ZAP activated cytokine secretion by T lymphocytes by contributing to nuclear translocation of nuclear factors of activated T cells and indirectly promoted anti-ALV-J antibody generation. Together, our findings show that ZAP, acting as an immunomodulatory factor, is involved in the antiviral immune response via T lymphocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong, China
| | - Yanfei Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong, China
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an City, Shandong, China
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The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Angiogenin in an Endotoxin Induced Uveitis in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020413. [PMID: 31936482 PMCID: PMC7014170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenin (ANG) is involved in the innate immune system and inflammatory disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ANG in an endotoxin induced uveitis (EIU) rat model and the pathways involved. EIU rats were treated with balanced salt solution (BSS), a non-functional mutant ANG (mANG), or wild-type ANG (ANG). The integrity of the blood-aqueous barrier was evaluated by the infiltrating cell and protein concentrations in aqueous humor. Histopathology, Western blot, and real-time qRT-PCR of aqueous humor and ocular tissue were performed to analyze inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors. EIU treated with ANG had decreased inflammatory cells and protein concentrations in the anterior chamber. Compared to BSS and mANG, ANG treatment showed reduced expression of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, and Myd88, while the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 was increased. Western blot of ANG treatment showed decreased expression of IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, TNF-α, and phosphorylated NF-κB and increased expression of IL-10. In conclusion, ANG seems to reduce effectively immune mediated inflammation in the EIU rat model by reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, while increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines through pathways related to NF-κB. Therefore, ANG shows potential for effectively suppressing immune-inflammatory responses in vivo.
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119
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Gbedande K, Carpio VH, Stephens R. Using two phases of the CD4 T cell response to blood-stage murine malaria to understand regulation of systemic immunity and placental pathology in Plasmodium falciparum infection. Immunol Rev 2020; 293:88-114. [PMID: 31903675 PMCID: PMC7540220 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum infection and malaria remain a risk for millions of children and pregnant women. Here, we seek to integrate knowledge of mouse and human T helper cell (Th) responses to blood-stage Plasmodium infection to understand their contribution to protection and pathology. Although there is no complete Th subset differentiation, the adaptive response occurs in two phases in non-lethal rodent Plasmodium infection, coordinated by Th cells. In short, cellular immune responses limit the peak of parasitemia during the first phase; in the second phase, humoral immunity from T cell-dependent germinal centers is critical for complete clearance of rapidly changing parasite. A strong IFN-γ response kills parasite, but an excess of TNF compared with regulatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β) can cause immunopathology. This common pathway for pathology is associated with anemia, cerebral malaria, and placental malaria. These two phases can be used to both understand how the host responds to rapidly growing parasite and how it attempts to control immunopathology and variation. This dual nature of T cell immunity to Plasmodium is discussed, with particular reference to the protective nature of the continuous generation of effector T cells, and the unique contribution of effector memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komi Gbedande
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Victor H Carpio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Robin Stephens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Helms MW, Jahn-Hofmann K, Gnerlich F, Metz-Weidmann C, Braun M, Dietert G, Scherer P, Grandien K, Theilhaber J, Cao H, Wagenaar TR, Schnurr MM, Endres S, Wiederschain D, Scheidler S, Rothenfußer S, Brunner B, König LM. Utility of the RIG-I Agonist Triphosphate RNA for Melanoma Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2343-2356. [PMID: 31515294 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pattern recognition receptor RIG-I plays an important role in the recognition of nonself RNA and antiviral immunity. RIG-I's natural ligand, triphosphate RNA (ppp-RNA), is proposed to be a valuable addition to the growing arsenal of cancer immunotherapy treatment options. In this study, we present comprehensive data validating the concept and utility of treatment with synthetic RIG-I agonist ppp-RNA for the therapy of human cancer, with melanoma as potential entry indication amenable to intratumoral treatment. Using mRNA expression data of human tumors, we demonstrate that RIG-I expression is closely correlated to cellular and cytokine immune activation in a wide variety of tumor types. Furthermore, we confirm susceptibility of cancer cells to ppp-RNA treatment in different cellular models of human melanoma, revealing unexpected heterogeneity between cell lines in their susceptibility to RNA agonist features, including sequence, secondary structures, and presence of triphosphate. Cellular responses to RNA treatment (induction of type I IFN, FasR, MHC-I, and cytotoxicity) were demonstrated to be RIG-I dependent using KO cells. Following ppp-RNA treatment of a mouse melanoma model, we observed significant local and systemic antitumor effects and survival benefits. These were associated with type I IFN response, tumor cell apoptosis, and innate and adaptive immune cell activation. For the first time, we demonstrate systemic presence of tumor antigen-specific CTLs following treatment with RIG-I agonists. Despite potential challenges in the generation and formulation of potent RIG-I agonists, ppp-RNA or analogues thereof have the potential to play an important role for cancer treatment in the next wave of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike W Helms
- Sanofi R&D, Biologics Research, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Monika Braun
- Sanofi R&D, Biologics Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Kaj Grandien
- Sanofi R&D, Biologics Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Hui Cao
- Sanofi R&D, Oncology Research, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Max M Schnurr
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLIP), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Simon Rothenfußer
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLIP), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bodo Brunner
- Sanofi R&D, Biologics Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lars M König
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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Mast Cell Degranulation Decreases Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Aortic Gene Expression and Systemic Levels of Interleukin-6 In Vivo. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:3856360. [PMID: 31780858 PMCID: PMC6855011 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3856360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells play an important role in immunomodulation and in the maintenance of vascular integrity. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the key biomarkers and therapeutic target in systemic vasculitis. The objective of the current study is to describe the role of mast cells in arterial IL-6 homeostasis. Eight- to ten-week-old male C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice were injected with either (a) saline, (b) compound 48/80 (a systemic mast cell degranulating agent), (c) lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or (d) a combination of C48/80 and LPS. Twenty-four hours after the injections, mice were sacrificed and serum samples and aortic tissues were analyzed for determining inflammatory response and cytokine expression profile. The results revealed that induction of mast cell degranulation significantly lowers serum IL-6 levels and aortic expression of IL-6 in LPS-treated mice. Significantly higher aortic expression of toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) and TNF-α was seen in the LPS and LPS+C48/80 groups of mice compared to controls. Aortic expression of TLR-4 was significantly decreased in LPS+C48/80 compared to C48/80 alone. LPS+C48/80-treated mice presented with a 3-fold higher aortic expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS-1) compared to saline-injected groups. The inhibition of LPS-induced increase in serum IL-6 levels by mast cell degranulation was not seen in H1R knockout mice which suggests that mast cell-derived histamine acting through H1R may participate in the regulatory process. To examine whether the mast cell-mediated downregulation of LPS-induced IL-6 production is transient or cumulative in nature, wild-type mice were injected serially over a period of 10 days (5 injections) and serum cytokine levels were quantified. We found no significant differences in serum IL-6 levels between any of the groups. While mice injected with C48/80 or LPS had higher IL-10 compared to vehicle-injected mice, there was no difference between C48/80- and LPS+C48/80-injected mice. In conclusion, in an in vivo setting, mast cells appear to partially and transiently regulate systemic IL-6 homeostasis. This effect may be regulated through increased systemic IL-10 and/or aortic overexpression of SOCS-1.
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is an essential anti-inflammatory cytokine and functions as a negative regulator of immune responses to microbial antigens. IL-10 is particularly important in maintaining the intestinal microbe-immune homeostasis. Loss of IL-10 promotes the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as a consequence of an excessive immune response to the gut microbiota. IL-10 also functions more generally to prevent excessive inflammation during the course of infection. Although IL-10 can be produced by virtually all cells of the innate and adaptive immune system, T cells constitute a non-redundant source for IL-10 in many cases. The various roles of T cell-derived IL-10 will be discussed in this review. Given that IL-10 is at the center of maintaining the delicate balance between effective immunity and tissue protection, it is not surprising that IL-10 expression is highly dynamic and tightly regulated. We summarize the environmental signals and molecular pathways that regulate IL-10 expression. While numerous studies have provided us with a deep understanding of IL-10 biology, the majority of findings have been made in murine models, prompting us to highlight gaps in our knowledge about T cell-derived IL-10 in the human system.
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Geginat J. Introduction to the Special Issue: Interleukin-10 "The surprising twists and turns of an anti-inflammatory cytokine on its way to the clinic". Semin Immunol 2019; 44:101343. [PMID: 31706854 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Geginat
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Via F. Sforza 35, I-20122 Milano, Mi, Italy.
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Aguilar D, Lemonnier N, Koppelman GH, Melén E, Oliva B, Pinart M, Guerra S, Bousquet J, Anto JM. Understanding allergic multimorbidity within the non-eosinophilic interactome. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224448. [PMID: 31693680 PMCID: PMC6834334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms explaining multimorbidity between asthma, dermatitis and rhinitis (allergic multimorbidity) are not well known. We investigated these mechanisms and their specificity in distinct cell types by means of an interactome-based analysis of expression data. METHODS Genes associated to the diseases were identified using data mining approaches, and their multimorbidity mechanisms in distinct cell types were characterized by means of an in silico analysis of the topology of the human interactome. RESULTS We characterized specific pathomechanisms for multimorbidities between asthma, dermatitis and rhinitis for distinct emergent non-eosinophilic cell types. We observed differential roles for cytokine signaling, TLR-mediated signaling and metabolic pathways for multimorbidities across distinct cell types. Furthermore, we also identified individual genes potentially associated to multimorbidity mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the existence of differentiated multimorbidity mechanisms between asthma, dermatitis and rhinitis at cell type level, as well as mechanisms common to distinct cell types. These results will help understanding the biology underlying allergic multimorbidity, assisting in the design of new clinical studies.
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MESH Headings
- Asthma/epidemiology
- Asthma/genetics
- Asthma/immunology
- Blood Cells/immunology
- Blood Cells/metabolism
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Datasets as Topic
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/epidemiology
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/genetics
- Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/immunology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Multimorbidity
- Protein Interaction Maps/genetics
- Protein Interaction Maps/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic/epidemiology
- Rhinitis, Allergic/genetics
- Rhinitis, Allergic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aguilar
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- 6AM Data Mining, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathanael Lemonnier
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm U 1209 CNRS UMR 5309 Université Grenoble Alpes, Site Santé, Allée des Alpes, La Tronche, France
| | - Gerard H. Koppelman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology, Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute
| | - Erik Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Baldo Oliva
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Pinart
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefano Guerra
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Hopital Arnaud de Villeneuve University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josep M. Anto
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
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125
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Antibiotics Used in Regenerative Endodontics Modify Immune Response of Macrophages to Bacterial Infection. J Endod 2019; 45:1349-1356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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126
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Zhang P, Hill GR. Interleukin-10 mediated immune regulation after stem cell transplantation: Mechanisms and implications for therapeutic intervention. Semin Immunol 2019; 44:101322. [PMID: 31640914 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a multi-faceted anti-inflammatory cytokine which plays an essential role in immune tolerance. Indeed, deficiency of IL-10 or its receptor results in aberrant immune responses that lead to immunopathology. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the limiting complication of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) and results from an imbalance in pathological versus regulatory immune networks. A number of immune cells exert their immunomodulatory role through secretion of IL-10 or induction of IL-10-secreting cells after SCT. Type-1 regulatory T cells (Tr1 cells) and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are predominant sources of IL-10 after SCT and the critical role of this cytokine in preventing GVHD is now established. Recently, intriguing interactions among IL-10, immune cells, commensal microbes and host tissues in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and other barrier surfaces have been uncovered. We now understand that IL-10 secretion is dynamically modulated by the availability of antigen, co-stimulatory signals, cytokines, commensal microbes and their metabolites in the microenvironment. In this review, we provide an overview of the control of IL-10 secretion and signaling after SCT and the therapeutic interventions, with a focus on Tr1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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127
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Cooksley H, Riva A, Katzarov K, Hadzhiolova-Lebeau T, Pavlova S, Simonova M, Williams R, Chokshi S. Differential Expression of Immune Inhibitory Checkpoint Signatures on Antiviral and Inflammatory T Cell Populations in Chronic Hepatitis B. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 38:273-282. [PMID: 30016182 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-specific T cells are critical in mediating the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Interferon gamma (IFNγ)-producing T cells are associated with resolution; in contrast, interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing T cells are linked to exacerbation of liver inflammation and injury. Checkpoint receptors stringently regulate T cell functions, with their expression profiles varying on different T cell subsets. Blockade of checkpoint receptors may be an effective therapeutic strategy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, blockade may also inadvertently exacerbate proinflammatory responses. In this study, we sought to determine the balance of inflammatory and antiviral T cells and determine their inhibitory receptor profile. The frequency of total and HBV antigen-specific Th17 and Tc17 cells was higher in CHB patients compared with healthy controls (HCs). Th17 and Tc17 cells in CHB patients had significantly lower expression of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein-3 (TIM-3) compared with HCs, with no difference in programmed death-1 (PD-1) or CD244 expression. Conversely, Th1 and Tc1 cells in CHB patients hyperexpressed PD-1 and CD244, while TIM-3 expression was comparable in both cohorts. During CHB, antiviral IFNγ T cells hyperexpress multiple immune inhibitory receptors driving their functional impairment. In contrast, inflammatory Th17/Tc17 cells hypoexpress TIM-3, but not PD-1 or CD244. Checkpoint inhibitors for CHB should target PD-1 or CD244 to allow restoration of IFNγ responses without affecting inflammatory IL-17 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Cooksley
- 1 Liver Immunology, Institute of Hepatology , Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom .,2 Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, Kings College Hospital , London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Riva
- 1 Liver Immunology, Institute of Hepatology , Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom .,2 Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, Kings College Hospital , London, United Kingdom
| | - Krum Katzarov
- 3 Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Slava Pavlova
- 3 Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marieta Simonova
- 3 Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Roger Williams
- 1 Liver Immunology, Institute of Hepatology , Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom .,2 Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, Kings College Hospital , London, United Kingdom
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- 1 Liver Immunology, Institute of Hepatology , Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom .,2 Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, Kings College Hospital , London, United Kingdom
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128
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Wansook S, Mahasongkram K, Chruekamlow N, Pata S, Kasinrerk W, Khunkaewla P. Anti-human CD63 monoclonal antibody COS3A upregulates monocyte-induced IL-10 excretion leading to diminution of CD3-mediated T cell response. Mol Immunol 2019; 114:591-599. [PMID: 31536880 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human CD63 has been reported to play a role either as an inhibitor or as a co-stimulator of T- cell responses, although the mechanism of this is unclear. In this study, an anti-human CD63 monoclonal antibody (mAb) COS3A was used to monitor the role of CD63 in T-cell activation. MAb COS3A could inhibit CD3-mediated T-cell proliferation and CD25 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), used as a study model, but the suppressive effect was not observed when purified T-cells were used instead of PBMCs. The inhibitory phenomenon was associated with downregulation of IL-2 and IFN-γ by T-cells, but upregulation of IL-10 by monocytes. Neutralizing IL-10 with anti-IL-10 mAb improved the T-cell response, indicating the role of IL-10 in T-cell suppression. In this study, monocytes were demonstrated to play a role in impeding T-cell activation by the anti-CD63 mAb COS3A. This is the first evidence that anti-CD63 mAb induces IL-10 secretion by monocytes, which later play a role in T-cell hypo-responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Wansook
- Biochemistry-Electrochemistry Research Unit, School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Kodchakorn Mahasongkram
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nuttaphol Chruekamlow
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Supansa Pata
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Panida Khunkaewla
- Biochemistry-Electrochemistry Research Unit, School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
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129
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Effects of the serine protease inhibitor rBmTI-A in an experimental mouse model of chronic allergic pulmonary inflammation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12624. [PMID: 31477763 PMCID: PMC6718655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate whether a recombinant serine protease inhibitor (rBmTI-A) modulates inflammation in an experimental model of chronic allergic lung inflammation. Balb/c mice were divided into four groups: SAL (saline), OVA (sensitized with ovalbumin), SAL + rBmTI-A (control treated with rBmTI-A) and OVA + rBmTI-A (sensitized with ovalbumin and treated with rBmTI-A). The animals received an intraperitoneal injection of saline or ovalbumin, according to the group. The groups received inhalation with saline or ovalbumin and were treated with rBmTI-A or saline by nasal instillation. After 29 days, we evaluated the respiratory mechanics; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); cytokines; MMP-9, TIMP-1; eosinophils; collagen and elastic fibre expression in the airways; and the trypsin-like, MMP-1, and MMP-9 lung tissue proteolytic activity. Treatment with rBmTI-A reduced the trypsin-like proteolytic activity, the elastance and resistance maximum response, the polymorphonuclear cells, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17A in the BALF, the expression of IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, CD4+, MMP-9, TIMP-1, eosinophils, collagen and elastic fibres in the airways of the OVA + rBmTI-A group compared to the OVA group (p < 0.05). rBmTI-A attenuated bronchial hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and remodelling in this experimental model of chronic allergic pulmonary inflammation. This inhibitor may serve as a potential therapeutic tool for asthma treatment.
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130
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Kado A, Tsutsumi T, Enooku K, Fujinaga H, Ikeuchi K, Okushin K, Moriya K, Yotsuyanagi H, Koike K. Noninvasive diagnostic criteria for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis based on gene expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Gastroenterol 2019; 54:730-741. [PMID: 30830270 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-019-01565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) consists of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH); the latter progresses to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Discriminating NASH from NAFL typically involves liver biopsy. The mechanism of NASH progression is unclear but may involve immunological pathways. In this study, we examined expression levels of cytokine- and chemokine-encoding genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from NAFLD patients and established immunological criteria for discriminating NASH from NAFL. METHODS PBMCs were obtained from 54 patients diagnosed histologically with NAFLD (NAFL, 18; NASH, 36). mRNA was extracted from PBMCs, and expression levels of cytokine- and chemokine-encoding genes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed by nonparametric test. RESULTS Expression levels of interferon (IFN)γ, interleukin (IL)2, IL15, C-C-motif chemokine ligand (CCL)2, IL10, and C-X-C-motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)11 were significantly upregulated in NASH patients compared with NAFL patients. Moreover, their expression levels were positively correlated with the degree of ballooning of hepatocytes but not of steatosis or lobular inflammation. We focused on those encoding IL10, IFNγ, and CCL2, and developed a scoring system to discriminate NASH from NAFL. The discriminatory power of the criteria was validated in an independent cohort. CONCLUSIONS Expression levels of the cytokine- and chemokine-encoding genes in PBMCs were positively correlated with ballooning, suggesting their utility for the diagnosis of NASH. The data indicate that peripheral as well as intrahepatic immunity is involved in the progression of NASH. Our findings afford new insight into immunological mechanisms of NASH and will facilitate its noninvasive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kado
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeya Tsutsumi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Enooku
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Fujinaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ikeuchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Okushin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Moriya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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131
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Oft M. Immune regulation and cytotoxic T cell activation of IL-10 agonists - Preclinical and clinical experience. Semin Immunol 2019; 44:101325. [PMID: 31706853 PMCID: PMC7129358 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The expansion and activation of tumor antigen reactive CD8+ T cells are primary goals of immunotherapies for cancer. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine with an essential role in the development and proliferation of regulatory T cells, restricting myeloid and chronic inflammatory T cell responses. However, IL-10 is also essential for the expansion of antigen activated, tumor specific CD8+ T cells, leading to spontaneous tumor development in IL-10 deficient patients and mice. IL-10 induces IFNγ and cytotoxic mediators in antigen activated T cells. In clinical trials, monotherapy with recombinant, pegylated IL-10 (Pegilodecakin) induced objective responses in cancer patients. Patients receiving pegilodecakin had a systemic increase of IFNγ and granzymes, proliferation and expansion of immune checkpoint positive CD8+ T cells. Combination of pegilodecakin with anti-PD-1 appeared to improve on the efficacy of the single agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Oft
- Synthekine Inc., 515 O'Brien Drive, Menlo Park, CA94025, Australia.
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132
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Huo HJ, Chen SN, Li L, Nie P. Functional characterization of IL-10 and its receptor subunits in a perciform fish, the mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 97:64-75. [PMID: 30935989 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is an immune-regulatory cytokine with multiple functions. In the current study, IL-10 and its two receptors, IL-10R1 and IL-10R2 were identified in mandarin fish, Siniperca chuatsi. The inhibitory effect of mandarin fish IL-10 was investigated on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and the ligand-receptor relationship. This IL-10 possesses conserved cysteine residues, predicted α-helices and a typical IL-10 family signature motif, similar to its mammalian orthologue, and IL-10R1 harbours predicted JAK1 and STAT3 binding sites in the intracellular region. The fish IL-10 and IL-10R1 exhibit high expression levels in several immune-related organs/tissues, such as spleen, trunk kidney and head kidney, and IL-10R2 possesses a constitutive expression pattern. The expression of IL-10 shows significant increase in spleen from infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infected mandarin fish, where the two receptors also exhibit different levels of induced expression. Mandarin fish IL-10 also exhibits significant response to the stimulation of LPS, PHA and PMA, with the two receptors exhibiting an interesting decrease in expression following the treatment of PMA. The pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, show diminished up-regulation in LPS-stimulated splenocytes pre-incubated with IL-10, indicating the anti-inflammatory roles of mandarin fish IL-10. In EPC cells transfected with different combinations of receptors, IL-10 can enhance the expression of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) only when IL-10R1 and IL-10R2 are both expressed, suggesting the participation of the two receptors in signal transduction of mandarin fish IL-10. Similar results are observed with the usage of chimeric receptors, IL-10R1/CRFB1 and IL-10R2/CRFB5. Overall, mandarin fish IL-10 shares conserved ligand-receptor system and the prototypical inhibitory activities on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression with mammalian IL-10, implying the evolutionary conservation of this cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jun Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shan Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China.
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133
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Barnig C, Bezema T, Calder PC, Charloux A, Frossard N, Garssen J, Haworth O, Dilevskaya K, Levi-Schaffer F, Lonsdorfer E, Wauben M, Kraneveld AD, Te Velde AA. Activation of Resolution Pathways to Prevent and Fight Chronic Inflammation: Lessons From Asthma and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1699. [PMID: 31396220 PMCID: PMC6664683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Formerly considered as a passive process, the resolution of acute inflammation is now recognized as an active host response, with a cascade of coordinated cellular and molecular events that promotes termination of the inflammatory response and initiates tissue repair and healing. In a state of immune fitness, the resolution of inflammation is contained in time and space enabling the restoration of tissue homeostasis. There is increasing evidence that poor and/or inappropriate resolution of inflammation participates in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, extending in time the actions of pro-inflammatory mechanisms, and responsible in the long run for excessive tissue damage and pathology. In this review, we will focus on how resolution can be the target for therapy in "Th1/Th17 cell-driven" immune diseases and "Th2 cell-driven" immune diseases, with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and asthma, as relevant examples. We describe the main cells and mediators stimulating the resolution of inflammation and discuss how pharmacological and dietary interventions but also life style factors, physical and psychological conditions, might influence the resolution phase. A better understanding of the impact of endogenous and exogenous factors on the resolution of inflammation might open a whole area in the development of personalized therapies in non-resolving chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Barnig
- Department of Chest Disease, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.,Equipe d'accueil 3072, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Charloux
- Department of Chest Disease, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.,Equipe d'accueil 3072, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nelly Frossard
- UMR 7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique and LabEx MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Oliver Haworth
- Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's School of Medicine and Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ksenia Dilevskaya
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Evelyne Lonsdorfer
- Department of Chest Disease, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.,Equipe d'accueil 3072, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marca Wauben
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anje A Te Velde
- Amsterdam UMC, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, AGEM, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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134
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Wang X, Xia Y. Anti-double Stranded DNA Antibodies: Origin, Pathogenicity, and Targeted Therapies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1667. [PMID: 31379858 PMCID: PMC6650533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by high-titer serological autoantibodies, including antibodies that bind to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The origin, specificity, and pathogenicity of anti-dsDNA antibodies have been studied from a wider perspective. These autoantibodies have been suggested to contribute to multiple end-organ injuries, especially to lupus nephritis, in patients with SLE. Moreover, serum levels of anti-DNA antibodies fluctuate with disease activity in patients with SLE. By directly binding to self-antigens or indirectly forming immune complexes, anti-dsDNA antibodies can accumulate in the glomerular and tubular basement membrane. These autoantibodies can also trigger the complement cascade, penetrate into living cells, modulate gene expression, and even induce profibrotic phenotypes of renal cells. In addition, the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 is reduced by anti-DNA antibodies simultaneously with upregulation of profibrotic genes. Anti-dsDNA antibodies may even participate in the pathogenesis of SLE by catalyzing hydrolysis of certain DNA molecules or peptides in cells. Recently, anti-dsDNA antibodies have been explored in greater depth as a therapeutic target in the management of SLE. A substantial amount of data indicates that blockade of pathogenic anti-dsDNA antibodies can prevent or even reverse organ damage in murine models of SLE. This review focuses on the recent research advances regarding the origin, specificity, classification, and pathogenicity of anti-dsDNA antibodies and highlights the emerging therapies associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yumin Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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135
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Li Q, Cohen JI. Epstein-Barr Virus and the Human Leukocyte Antigen Complex. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 6:175-181. [PMID: 33094090 DOI: 10.1007/s40588-019-00120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose While most adults are infected Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), 3-5% remain uninfected. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex, which controls many pathogens, may influence infection and disease associated with EBV. Recent Findings Numerous EBV proteins and miRNAs down-regulate HLA class I and II expression on the cell surface. HLA class II functions as a receptor for EBV entry into B cells. Specific HLA class II alleles correlate with the susceptibility of B cells to EBV infection in vitro and with EBV seropositivity or seronegativity of humans. HLA class I polymorphisms correlate with development and severity of EBV infectious mononucleosis and with the risk of several virus-associated malignancies including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Significance These findings indicate that while EBV has evolved to use MHC class II as a receptor for virus entry, polymorphisms in MHC class II and class I influence virus infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Li
- Medical Virology Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeffrey I Cohen
- Medical Virology Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Krakow S, Crescimone ML, Bartels C, Wiegering V, Eyrich M, Schlegel PG, Wölfl M. Re-expression of CD14 in Response to a Combined IL-10/TLR Stimulus Defines Monocyte-Derived Cells With an Immunoregulatory Phenotype. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1484. [PMID: 31316520 PMCID: PMC6611188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 10 is a central regulator of the antigen-presenting function of myeloid cells. It exerts immunomodulatory effects in vivo and induces a regulatory phenotype in monocyte-derived cells in vitro. We analyzed phenotype and function of monocytic cells in vitro in relation to the cytokine milieu and the timing of TLR-based activation. In GM-CSF/IL-4 cultured human monocytic cells, we identified two, mutually exclusive cell populations arising from undifferentiated cells: CD83+ fully activated dendritic cells and CD14+ macrophage like cells. Re-expression of CD14 occurs primarily after a sequential trigger with a TLR signal following IL-10 preincubation. This cell population with re-expressed CD14 greatly differs in phenotype and function from the CD83+ cells. Detailed analysis of individual subpopulations reveals that exogenous IL-10 is critical for inducing the shift toward the CD14+ population, but does not affect individual changes in marker expression or cell function in most cases. Thus, plasticity of CD14 expression, defining a subset of immunoregulatory cells, is highly relevant for the composition of cellular products (such as DC vaccines) as it affects the function of the total product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Krakow
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marie L Crescimone
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Bartels
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Verena Wiegering
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eyrich
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul G Schlegel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wölfl
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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137
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Abstract
Interferon gamma has long been studied as a critical mediator of tumor immunity. In recent years, the complexity of cellular interactions that take place in the tumor microenvironment has become better appreciated in the context of immunotherapy. While checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically improved remission rates in cancer treatment, IFN-γ and related effectors continue to be identified as strong predictors of treatment success. In this review, we provide an overview of the multiple immunosuppressive barriers that IFN-γ has to overcome to eliminate tumors, and potential avenues for modulating the immune response in favor of tumor rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Daniel Burke
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Howard A Young
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
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138
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Sánchez-Reyes K, Pedraza-Brindis EJ, Hernández-Flores G, Bravo-Cuellar A, López-López BA, Rosas-González VC, Ortiz-Lazareno PC. The supernatant of cervical carcinoma cells lines induces a decrease in phosphorylation of STAT-1 and NF-κB transcription factors associated with changes in profiles of cytokines and growth factors in macrophages derived from U937 cells. Innate Immun 2019; 25:344-355. [PMID: 31099286 PMCID: PMC7103616 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919848841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are presents in the tumor microenvironment and acquire
different phenotypic and functional characteristics in response to
microenvironmental signals. Macrophages can be differentiated into two
phenotypes: M1 or pro-inflammatory (classically activated), and M2 or
anti-inflammatory macrophage (alternatively activated). In response to
the microenvironment, macrophages activate transcription factors as
STAT1 and NF-κB-p65 for M1 macrophages or STAT3 and STAT6 for M2
macrophages; activation impacts on the profile of cytokine, chemokines
and growth factors secreted by macrophages. We evaluated the effect of
the supernatant of cervical-derived carcinoma cell lines HeLa, SiHa,
and C-33A on the phosphorylation of transcriptional factors STAT1,
NF-κB-p65, and STAT6, and their impact in the profile of secretion of
cytokines and growth factors by macrophages derived from the U937 cell
line. The results show that in macrophages, these supernatants induce
a decrease in the phosphorylation of NF-κB-p65 and STAT1 in
U937-macrophages accompanied by an increase in the secretion of IL-10,
IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-8, as well as GM-CSF, G-CSF, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, and
VEGF. Our results suggest that HeLa, SiHa, and C-33A cell lines
down-regulate the activation of transcription factors characteristic
of M1 macrophages (STAT1, NF-κB-p65) and induce the secretion of
factors that favor tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Sánchez-Reyes
- 1 Dpto. de Clínicas Médicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Jalisco, México
| | - Eliza J Pedraza-Brindis
- 2 División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO)-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.,3 Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas con Orientación en Inmunología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Jalisco, México
| | - Georgina Hernández-Flores
- 2 División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO)-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Alejandro Bravo-Cuellar
- 2 División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO)-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.,4 Dpto. de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Altos (CUAltos), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México
| | - Brenda A López-López
- 5 Especialidad en Imagenología Diagnóstica y Terapéutica de la Universidad de Guadalajara, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente IMSS, Jalisco, México
| | - Vida C Rosas-González
- 2 División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO)-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.,3 Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas con Orientación en Inmunología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Jalisco, México
| | - Pablo C Ortiz-Lazareno
- 2 División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO)-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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139
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Mendes V, Galvão I, Vieira AT. Mechanisms by Which the Gut Microbiota Influences Cytokine Production and Modulates Host Inflammatory Responses. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:393-409. [PMID: 31013453 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract encounters a wide variety of microorganisms, including beneficial symbionts, pathobionts, and pathogens. Recent evidence has shown that the gut microbiota, directly or indirectly through its components, such as metabolites, actively participates in the host inflammatory response by cytokine-microbiota or microbiota-cytokine modulation interactions, both in the gut and systemically. Therefore, further elucidation of host cytokine molecular pathways and microbiota components will provide a novel and promising therapeutic approach to control or prevent inflammatory disease and to maintain host homeostasis. The purpose of this review is to summarize well-established scientific findings and provide an updated overview regarding the direct and indirect mechanisms by which the gut microbiota can influence the inflammatory response by modulating the host's cytokine pathways that are mostly involved, but not exclusively so, with gut homeostasis. In addition, we will highlight recent results from our group, which suggest that the microbiota promotes cytokine release from inflammatory cells though activation of microbial metabolite sensor receptors that are more highly expressed on inflammatory and intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviani Mendes
- 1 Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,2 Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabela Galvão
- 3 Department of Cellular Biology ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angelica Thomaz Vieira
- 1 Laboratory of Microbiota and Immunomodulation, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,2 Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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140
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Ouyang W, O'Garra A. IL-10 Family Cytokines IL-10 and IL-22: from Basic Science to Clinical Translation. Immunity 2019; 50:871-891. [PMID: 30995504 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are among the most important effector and messenger molecules in the immune system. They profoundly participate in immune responses during infection and inflammation, protecting against or contributing to diseases such as allergy, autoimmunity, and cancer. Manipulating cytokine pathways, therefore, is one of the most effective strategies to treat various diseases. IL-10 family cytokines exert essential functions to maintain tissue homeostasis during infection and inflammation through restriction of excessive inflammatory responses, upregulation of innate immunity, and promotion of tissue repairing mechanisms. Their important functions in diseases are supported by data from many preclinical models, human genetic studies, and clinical interventions. Despite significant efforts, however, there is still no clinically approved therapy through manipulating IL-10 family cytokines. Here, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the biology of this family of cytokines, suggesting more specific strategies to maneuver these cytokines for the effective treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology Research, Amgen, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - Anne O'Garra
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Infection, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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141
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Harishankar M, Ravikrishnan H, Ravishankar A, Hanna LE, Swaminathan S, Selvaraj P, Bethunaickan R. IL-10 Promoter -592 Polymorphism may Influence Susceptibility to HIV Infection in South Indian Population. Curr HIV Res 2019; 16:58-63. [PMID: 29468971 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x16666180219153752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors play an important role in the development of disease susceptibility or protection. Cytokine gene polymorphisms are reported to be associated with altered levels of cytokine production that can impact disease progression in HIV and TB. OBJECTIVE In this study, we studied IL-10 -592(C/A) and TGF-β -509 (C/T) promoter polymorphisms to understand their role in susceptibility or resistance to HIV and TB in a South Indian population. METHOD Genomic DNA was isolated from healthy controls, pulmonary tuberculosis patients (n=122) and HIV positive individuals (n=100) and used for genotyping by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS Results revealed that under dominant model (CC vs CA+AA), IL-10 -592 'A' allele either 'CA' or 'AA' combinations significantly associated with susceptibility to HIV compared to healthy controls (OR: 1.88(1.05-3.35); p=0.030). However, we found no significant association with TB. TGF-β -509 polymorphism did not associate with either HIV or TB under overdominant model. Neither of the promoter polymorphisms associated with sex in either HIV or TB. However, a trend towards higher risk to HIV was found in females compared with males in IL-10 -592 'AA' genotype. CONCLUSION This study suggests the association of IL-10 -592 "AA" genotype with susceptibility to HIV under dominant model in the Southern Indian population. Future studies are needed with a larger sample size in order to confirm the observations made in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Harishankar
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Harini Ravikrishnan
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Akshaya Ravishankar
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Luke Elizabeth Hanna
- Division of HIV, Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Soumya Swaminathan
- Division of HIV, Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India.,Director- General, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Paramasivam Selvaraj
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
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142
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Dayakar A, Chandrasekaran S, Kuchipudi SV, Kalangi SK. Cytokines: Key Determinants of Resistance or Disease Progression in Visceral Leishmaniasis: Opportunities for Novel Diagnostics and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:670. [PMID: 31024534 PMCID: PMC6459942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease of humans, highly prevalent in parts of the tropics, subtropics, and southern Europe. The disease mainly occurs in three different clinical forms namely cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The VL affects several internal organs and is the deadliest form of the disease. Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of VL are variable based on the vector, parasite (e.g., species, strains, and antigen diversity), host (e.g., genetic background, nutrition, diversity in antigen presentation and immunity) and the environment (e.g., temperature, humidity, and hygiene). Chemotherapy of VL is limited to a few drugs which is expensive and associated with profound toxicity, and could become ineffective due to the parasites developing resistance. Till date, there are no licensed vaccines for humans against leishmaniasis. Recently, immunotherapy has become an attractive strategy as it is cost-effective, causes limited side-effects and do not suffer from the downside of pathogens developing resistance. Among various immunotherapeutic approaches, cytokines (produced by helper T-lymphocytes) based immunotherapy has received great attention especially for drug refractive cases of human VL. Therefore, a comprehensive knowledge on the molecular interactions of immune cells or components and on cytokines interplay in the host defense or pathogenesis is important to determine appropriate immunotherapies for leishmaniasis. Here, we summarized the current understanding of a wide-spectrum of cytokines and their interaction with immune cells that determine the clinical outcome of leishmaniasis. We have also highlighted opportunities for the development of novel diagnostics and intervention therapies for VL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suresh V Kuchipudi
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Suresh K Kalangi
- Department of Biosciences, School of Sciences, Indrashil University, Mehsana, India
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143
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O'Brien CA, Batista SJ, Still KM, Harris TH. IL-10 and ICOS Differentially Regulate T Cell Responses in the Brain during Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1755-1766. [PMID: 30718297 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Control of chronic CNS infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii requires ongoing T cell responses in the brain. Immunosuppressive cytokines are also important for preventing lethal immunopathology during chronic infection. To explore the loss of suppressive cytokines exclusively during the chronic phase of infection, we blocked IL-10R in chronically infected mice. Consistent with previous reports, IL-10R blockade led to severe, fatal tissue destruction associated with widespread changes in the inflammatory response, including increased APC activation, expansion of CD4+ T cells, and neutrophil recruitment to the brain. We then sought to identify regulatory mechanisms contributing to IL-10 production, focusing on ICOS, a molecule implicated in IL-10 production. Unexpectedly, ICOS ligand (ICOSL) blockade led to a local expansion of effector T cells in the brain without affecting IL-10 production or APC activation. Instead, we found that ICOSL blockade led to changes in T cells associated with their proliferation and survival. We observed increased expression of IL-2-associated signaling molecules CD25, STAT5 phosphorylation, Ki67, and Bcl-2 in T cells in the brain, along with decreased apoptosis. Interestingly, increases in CD25 and Bcl-2 were not observed following IL-10R blockade. Also, unlike IL-10R blockade, ICOSL blockade led to an expansion of both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the brain, with no expansion of peripheral T cells or neutrophil recruitment to the brain and no severe tissue destruction. Overall, these results suggest that IL-10 and ICOS differentially regulate T cell responses in the brain during chronic T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carleigh A O'Brien
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Samantha J Batista
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Katherine M Still
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Tajie H Harris
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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144
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Wang X, Wong K, Ouyang W, Rutz S. Targeting IL-10 Family Cytokines for the Treatment of Human Diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a028548. [PMID: 29038121 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Members of the interleukin (IL)-10 family of cytokines play important roles in regulating immune responses during host defense but also in autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Although IL-10 itself primarily acts on leukocytes and has potent immunosuppressive functions, other family members preferentially target nonimmune compartments, such as tissue epithelial cells, where they elicit innate defense mechanisms to control viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, protect tissue integrity, and promote tissue repair and regeneration. As cytokines are prime drug targets, IL-10 family cytokines provide great opportunities for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, tissue damage, and cancer. Yet no therapy in this space has been approved to date. Here, we summarize the diverse biology of the IL-10 family as it relates to human disease and review past and current strategies and challenges to target IL-10 family cytokines for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Wang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Kit Wong
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Sascha Rutz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080
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145
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is an essential anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays important roles as a negative regulator of immune responses to microbial antigens. Loss of IL-10 results in the spontaneous development of inflammatory bowel disease as a consequence of an excessive immune response to the gut microbiota. IL-10 also functions to prevent excessive inflammation during the course of infection. IL-10 can be produced in response to pro-inflammatory signals by virtually all immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Given its function in maintaining the delicate balance between effective immunity and tissue protection, it is evident that IL-10 expression is highly dynamic and needs to be tightly regulated. The transcriptional regulation of IL-10 production in myeloid cells and T cells is the topic of this review. Drivers of IL-10 expression as well as their downstream signaling pathways and transcription factors will be discussed. We will examine in more detail how various signals in CD4+ T cells converge on common transcriptional circuits, which fine-tune IL-10 expression in a context-dependent manner.
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146
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Liu M, Juvet SC, Medin JA, Martinu T, Oishi H, Keshavjee S. Lentiviral interleukin-10 gene therapy: Safety and questions. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 157:818-819. [PMID: 30669243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyao Liu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, and Department of Surgery and Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen C Juvet
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, and Department of Surgery and Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Medin
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, and Department of Surgery and Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tereza Martinu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, and Department of Surgery and Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, and Department of Surgery and Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, and Department of Surgery and Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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147
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Dawod B, Marshall JS. Cytokines and Soluble Receptors in Breast Milk as Enhancers of Oral Tolerance Development. Front Immunol 2019; 10:16. [PMID: 30723472 PMCID: PMC6349727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The postpartum period is an important window during which environmental factors can shape the life-long health of the infant. This time period often coincides with substantial milk consumption either in the form of breast milk or from cow's milk sources, such as infant formulas. Although breast milk is the most beneficial source of nutrients for infants during the first 6 months after birth, its role in regulating food allergy development, through regulation of oral tolerance, is still controversial. Breast milk contains several factors that can impact mucosal immune function, including immune cells, antibodies, microbiota, oligosaccharides, cytokines, and soluble receptors. However, there is considerable variation in the assessed levels of cytokines and soluble receptors between studies and across the lactation period. Most of these cytokines and soluble receptors are absent, or only found in limited quantities, in commercial baby formulas. Differences in content of these pluripotent factors, which impact on both the mother and the neonate, could contribute to the controversy surrounding the role of breast milk regulating oral tolerance. This review highlights current knowledge about the importance of cytokines and soluble receptors in breast milk on the development of oral tolerance and tolerance-relateddisorders. Understanding the mechanisms by which such milk components might promote oral tolerance could aid in the development of improved strategies for allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassel Dawod
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jean S Marshall
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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148
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Mouse Models Reveal Role of T-Cytotoxic and T-Reg Cells in Immune Response to Influenza: Implications for Vaccine Design. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010052. [PMID: 30641955 PMCID: PMC6356589 DOI: 10.3390/v11010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunopathologic examination of the lungs of mouse models of experimental influenza virus infection provides new insights into the immune response in this disease. First, there is rapidly developing perivascular and peribronchial infiltration of the lung with T-cells. This is followed by invasion of T-cells into the bronchiolar epithelium, and separation of epithelial cells from each other and from the basement membrane leading to defoliation of the bronchial epithelium. The intraepithelial reaction may involve either CD8 or CD4 T-cytotoxic cells and is analogous to a viral exanthema of the skin, such as measles and smallpox, which occur when the immune response against these infections is activated and the infected cells are attacked by T-cytotoxic cells. Then there is formation of B-cell follicles adjacent to bronchi, i.e., induced bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT). iBALT reacts like the cortex of a lymph node and is a site for a local immune response not only to the original viral infection, but also related viral infections (heterologous immunity). Proliferation of Type II pneumocytes and/or terminal bronchial epithelial cells may extend into the adjacent lung leading to large zones filled with tumor-like epithelial cells. The effective killing of influenza virus infected epithelial cells by T-cytotoxic cells and induction of iBALT suggests that adding the induction of these components might greatly increase the efficacy of influenza vaccination.
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149
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Hong YH, Yi YS, Han SY, Aziz N, Kim HG, Park SH, Hossain MA, Baik KS, Choi SY, Lee J, Kim JH, Cho JY. Morinda citrifolia noni water extract enhances innate and adaptive immune responses in healthy mice, ex vivo, and in vitro. Phytother Res 2019; 33:676-689. [PMID: 30632216 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although Morinda citrifolia (noni) has long been used in traditional medicines for human diseases, its molecular and cellular mechanism of immunostimulatory ability to improve human health under normal healthy conditions is not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo immunostimulatory activity of M. citrifolia fruit water extract treated with enzymes (Mc-eWE). In vitro studies revealed that Mc-eWE stimulated the cells by inducing nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). The immunostimulatory activity was mediated by activation of NF-κB and AP-1. Ex vivo studies showed that Mc-eWE stimulated splenocytes isolated from mice by inducing NO production and expression of immunostimulatory cytokines and by downregulating the expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 without cytotoxicity. In vivo demonstrated that Mc-eWE induced immunostimulation by modulating populations of splenic immune cells, especially by increasing the population of IFN-γ+ NK cells. Mc-eWE enhanced the expression of inflammatory genes and immunostimulatory cytokines and inhibited the expression of IL-10 in the mouse splenocytes and sera. Taken together, these results suggest that Mc-eWE plays an immunostimulatory role by activating innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Hong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Han
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nur Aziz
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kwang Soo Baik
- Functional Ingredient Development Team, Nutribiotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Choi
- Functional Ingredient Development Team, Nutribiotech Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology and Biomedical Institute for Convergence (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Dolch A, Kunz S, Dorn B, Alessandrini F, Müller W, Jack RS, Martin SF, Roers A, Jakob T. IL-10 signaling in dendritic cells is required for tolerance induction in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:302-312. [PMID: 30566244 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Allergen specific tolerance induction efficiently ameliorates subsequent allergen induced inflammatory responses. The underlying regulatory mechanisms have been attributed mainly to interleukin (IL)-10 produced by diverse hematopoietic cells, while targets of IL-10 in allergen specific tolerance induction have not yet been well defined. Here, we investigate potential cellular targets of IL-10 in allergen specific tolerance induction using mice with a cell type specific inactivation of the IL-10 receptor gene. Allergic airway inflammation was effectively prevented by tolerance induction in mice with IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) deficiency in T or B cells. Similarly, IL-10R on monocytes/macrophages and/or neutrophils was not required for tolerance induction. In contrast, tolerance induction was impaired in mice that lack IL-10R on dendritic cells: those mice developed an allergic response characterized by a pronounced neutrophilic lung infiltration, which was not ameliorated by tolerogenic treatment. In conclusion, our results show that allergen specific tolerance can be effectively induced without a direct impact of IL-10 on cells of the adaptive immune system, and highlight dendritic cells, but not macrophages nor neutrophils, as the main target of IL-10 during tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Dolch
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kunz
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Britta Dorn
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Experimental Dermatology and Allergy Research Group, University Medical Center Gießen-Marburg, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Francesca Alessandrini
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technische Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Werner Müller
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert S Jack
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan F Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thilo Jakob
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Experimental Dermatology and Allergy Research Group, University Medical Center Gießen-Marburg, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
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