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Zerfu TA, Baye K, Faber M. Dietary diversity cutoff values predicting anemia varied between mid and term of pregnancy: a prospective cohort study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2019; 38:44. [PMID: 31836026 PMCID: PMC6911293 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-019-0196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correcting anemia during pregnancy often requires integrating food and non-food-based approaches. Nonetheless, little is known about specific dietary diversity (DD) cutoff values predicting risk of anemia during the different trimesters of pregnancy. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the lowest possible DD cutoff values associated with risk of maternal anemia at mid and term of pregnancy in a rural resource limited setting of Ethiopia. DESIGN A multi-center prospective cohort study was conducted enrolling 432 eligible pregnant women from eight rural health centers selected from four districts in Arsi zone, Central Ethiopia. Women were classified into exposed (n = 216) and unexposed (n = 216) groups, based on Women's Individual Dietary Diversity (WIDD) score, and were followed from mid to term of pregnancy. The cutoff values for WIDD corresponding to the lowest risk of anemia were defined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Logistic regressions were also fitted to identify food groups associated with low anemia risk during pregnancy. RESULTS The overall prevalence of anemia increased from 28.6 to 32.4% between mid and term of pregnancy. Calculatedly, using the ROC curve analysis, the minimum WIDD score associated with lower risk of anemia was three and four respectively at these periods. Not consuming animal source foods [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.36; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35-4.14], pre-existing anemia (AOR 28.56; 95% CI, 14.33, 56.79), and low DD during pregnancy (AOR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.09-4.52) were associated with risk of anemia at term. CONCLUSION The cutoff for WIDD score predicting risk of anemia varied significantly, increasing from three to four, between mid and term of pregnancy. Additional population-based observational and experimental studies validating the metrics are needed before policy level recommendations. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02620943.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taddese Alemu Zerfu
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, USA.
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences and Referral Hospital, Dilla University, Dila, Ethiopia.
- Maternal and Child Wellbeing Unit, African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), P.O. Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Kaleab Baye
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mieke Faber
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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102
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Physical exercise and liver "fitness": Role of mitochondrial function and epigenetics-related mechanisms in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2019; 32:1-14. [PMID: 32029220 PMCID: PMC6931125 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern lifestyles, especially high-caloric intake and physical inactivity, contribute to the increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which becomes a significant health problem worldwide. Lifestyle changes, however, affect not only parental generation, but also their offspring, reinforcing the need for efficient preventive approaches to deal with this disease. This transgenerational influence of phenotypes dependent on parents (particularly maternal) behaviours may open additional research avenues. Despite persistent attempts to design an effective pharmacological therapy against NAFLD, physical activity, as a non-pharmacological approach, emerges as an exciting strategy. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we briefly review the effect of physical exercise on liver mitochondria adaptations in NAFLD, highlighting the importance of mitochondrial metabolism and transgenerational and epigenetic mechanisms in liver diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A deeper look into cellular mechanisms sheds a light on possible effects of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD through modulation of function and structure of particular organelles, namely mitochondria. Additionally, despite of increasing evidence regarding the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of different diseases, the role of microRNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modification in NAFLD pathogenesis still needs to be elucidated.
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103
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Lee JW, Moen EL, Punshon T, Hoen AG, Stewart D, Li H, Karagas MR, Gui J. An Integrated Gaussian Graphical Model to evaluate the impact of exposures on metabolic networks. Comput Biol Med 2019; 114:103417. [PMID: 31521894 PMCID: PMC6817396 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Examining the effects of exogenous exposures on complex metabolic processes poses the unique challenge of identifying interactions among a large number of metabolites. Recent progress in the quantification of the metabolome through mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has given rise to high-dimensional biomedical data of specific metabolites that can be leveraged to study their effects in humans. These metabolic interactions can be evaluated using probabilistic graphical models (PGMs), which define conditional dependence and independence between components within and between heterogeneous biomedical datasets. This method allows for the detection and recovery of valuable but latent information that cannot be easily detected by other currently existing methods. Here, we develop a PGM method, referred to as an "Integrated Gaussian Graphical Model (IGGM)", to incorporate exposure concentrations of seven trace elements-arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and copper (Cu-into metabolic networks. We first conducted a simulation study demonstrating that the integration of trace elements into metabolomics data can improve the accuracy of detecting latent interactions of metabolites impacted by exposure in the network. We tested parameters such as sample size and the number of neighboring metabolites of a chosen trace element for their impact on the accuracy of detecting metabolite interactions. We then applied this method to measurements of cord blood plasma metabolites and placental trace elements collected from newborns in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS). We found that our approach can identify latent interactions among metabolites that are related to trace element concentrations. Application to similarly structured data may contribute to our understanding of the complex interplay between exposure-related metabolic interactions that are important for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Woo Lee
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Erika L Moen
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Anne G Hoen
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Delisha Stewart
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadephia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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104
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Maternal high-fat diet triggers metabolic syndrome disorders that are transferred to first and second offspring generations. Br J Nutr 2019; 123:59-71. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA high-fat (H) diet increases metabolic disorders in offspring. However, there is great variability in the literature regarding the time of exposure, composition of the H diets offered to the genitors and/or offspring and parameters evaluated. Here, we investigated the effect of a H diet subjected to the genitors on different cardio-metabolic parameters on first (F1)- and second (F2)-generation offspring. Female Fischer rats, during mating, gestation and breast-feeding, were subjected to the H diet (G0HF) or control (G0CF) diets. Part of F1 offspring becomes G1 genitors for generating the F2 offspring. After weaning, F1 and F2 rats consumed only the C diet. Nutritional, biometric, biochemical and haemodynamic parameters were evaluated. G0HF genitors had a reduction in food intake but energy intake was similar to the control group. Compared with the control group, the F1H and F2H offspring presented increased plasma leptin, insulin and fasting glucose levels, dietary intake, energy intake, adiposity index, mean arterial pressure, sympathetic drive evidenced by the hexamethonium and insulin resistance. Our data showed that only during mating, gestation and breast-feeding, maternal H diet induced cardio-metabolic disorders characteristic of human metabolic syndrome that were transferred to both females and males of F1 and F2 offspring, even if they were fed control diet after weaning. This process probably occurs due to the disturbance in mechanisms related to leptin that increases energy intake in F1H and F2H offspring. The present data reinforce the importance of balanced diet during pregnancy and breast-feeding for the health of the F1 and F2 offspring.
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105
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Molitoris J. Breast-feeding During Pregnancy and the Risk of Miscarriage. PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2019; 51:153-163. [PMID: 31524957 PMCID: PMC6856964 DOI: 10.1363/psrh.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Breast-feeding rates and durations have been increasing among U.S. women in recent decades. As a result, women may be more likely to practice breast-feeding during pregnancy (BDP), which has been hypothesized to increase the risk of miscarriage, yet there has been little research into the issue. METHODS Data on 10,661 pregnancies from several waves of the National Survey of Family Growth, covering the years 2002-2015, were used to calculate unadjusted miscarriage rates according to BDP status. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were employed to investigate the association between BDP and the risk of miscarriage. RESULTS BDP was practiced for 6% of the total time at risk of miscarriage. The miscarriage rate was higher when mothers exclusively breast-fed during pregnancy (35%) than when they practiced either complementary BDP (i.e., the child also consumed other food) or did not breast-feed (14% and 15%, respectively). After adjustment for maternal and pregnancy characteristics, the risk of miscarriage was greater when mothers exclusively breast-fed than when mothers did not breast-feed (hazard ratio, 3.9), but no increased risk was found with complementary BDP. The miscarriage risk during exclusive BDP was similar to that for women who conceived when they were 40 or older (3.2). CONCLUSIONS Exclusive BDP is associated with an elevated risk of miscarriage, but it remains unclear whether and how the practice is associated with health outcomes for the mother and breast-fed child. Research is needed to further explore these outcomes to inform recommendations regarding BDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Molitoris
- The Centre for Economic Demography, Department of Economic HistoryLund UniversityLundSweden
- The Hungarian Demographic Research InstituteBudapest
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Schulze KJ, Mehra S, Shaikh S, Ali H, Shamim AA, Wu LSF, Mitra M, Arguello MA, Kmush B, Sungpuag P, Udomkesmelee E, Merrill R, Klemm RDW, Ullah B, Labrique AB, West KP, Christian P. Antenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Compared to Iron-Folic Acid Affects Micronutrient Status but Does Not Eliminate Deficiencies in a Randomized Controlled Trial Among Pregnant Women of Rural Bangladesh. J Nutr 2019; 149:1260-1270. [PMID: 31006806 PMCID: PMC6602890 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal multiple micronutrient (MM) supplementation improves birth outcomes relative to iron-folic acid (IFA) in developing countries, but limited data exist on its impact on pregnancy micronutrient status. OBJECTIVE We assessed the efficacy of a daily MM (15 nutrients) compared with IFA supplement, each providing approximately 1 RDA of nutrients and given beginning at pregnancy ascertainment, on late pregnancy micronutrient status of women in rural Bangladesh. Secondarily, we explored other contributors to pregnancy micronutrient status. METHODS Within a double-masked trial (JiVitA-3) among 44,500 pregnant women, micronutrient status indicators were assessed in n = 1526 women, allocated by cluster to receive daily MM (n = 749) or IFA (n = 777), at 10 wk (baseline: before supplementation) and 32 wk (during supplementation) gestation. Efficacy of MM supplementation on micronutrient status indicators at 32 wk was assessed, controlling for baseline status and other covariates (e.g., inflammation and season), in regression models. RESULTS Baseline status was comparable by intervention. Prevalence of deficiency among all participants was as follows: anemia, 20.6%; iron by ferritin, 4.0%; iron by transferrin receptor, 4.7%; folate, 2.5%; vitamin B-12, 35.4%; vitamin A, 6.7%; vitamin E, 57.7%; vitamin D, 64.0%; zinc, 13.4%; and iodine, 2.6%. At 32 wk gestation, vitamin B-12, A, and D and zinc status indicators were 3.7-13.7% higher, and ferritin, γ-tocopherol, and thyroglobulin indicators were 8.7-16.6% lower, for the MM group compared with the IFA group, with a 15-38% lower prevalence of deficiencies of vitamins B-12, A, and D and zinc (all P < 0.05). However, indicators typically suggested worsening status during pregnancy, even with supplementation, and baseline status or other covariates were more strongly associated with late pregnancy indicators than was MM supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Rural Bangladeshi women commonly entered pregnancy deficient in micronutrients other than iron and folic acid. Supplementation with MM improved micronutrient status, although deficiencies persisted. Preconception supplementation or higher nutrient doses may be warranted to support nutritional demands of pregnancy in undernourished populations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00860470.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry J Schulze
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD,Address correspondence to KJS (e-mail: )
| | - Sucheta Mehra
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Saijuddin Shaikh
- The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
| | - Hasmot Ali
- The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Ahmed Shamim
- The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
| | - Lee S-F Wu
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Maithilee Mitra
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Margia A Arguello
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brittany Kmush
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Rebecca Merrill
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rolf D W Klemm
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Barkat Ullah
- The JiVitA Project of Johns Hopkins University, Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
| | - Alain B Labrique
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Keith P West
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Parul Christian
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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107
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Hinkle SN, Rawal S, Liu D, Chen J, Tsai MY, Zhang C. Maternal adipokines longitudinally measured across pregnancy and their associations with neonatal size, length, and adiposity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:1422-1434. [PMID: 30464233 PMCID: PMC6529296 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Maternal obesity impacts fetal growth as early as second trimester of pregnancy, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. We aimed to examine associations between maternal adipokines throughout pregnancy and neonatal size by prepregnancy obesity status. METHODS In a prospective cohort of 2802 U.S. pregnant women from the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort (2009-2013), biospecimens were analyzed in a matched case-control subset of 321 women. Blood was collected at 10-14, 15-26 (fasting), 23-31, and 33-39 gestational weeks. Plasma leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) and total and high-molecular-weight (HMW)-adiponectin were measured. Free leptin was calculated as leptin/sOB-R. Birthweight was abstracted from medical records. Neonatal length and skinfolds were measured. RESULTS Leptin and sOB-R in late pregnancy tended to be positively and negatively associated with neonatal length, respectively, while free leptin throughout pregnancy tended to be positively associated with length. Free leptin associations with neonatal length were differential by obesity (i.e., inversely among women without obesity and positively among women with obesity). A per unit increase in free leptin at 33-39 weeks was associated with a shorter neonatal length by -0.55 cm (95%CI, -0.83, -0.28) in women without obesity and longer length by 0.49 cm (95%CI, 0.34, 0.65) in women with obesity. HMW-adiponectin at 33-39 weeks was inversely associated with neonatal length (β = -1.29 cm; 95%CI, -1.74, -0.85) and skinfold thickness (β = -1.46 mm; 95%CI, -1.58, -0.56) among women with obesity. Free leptin across pregnancy tended to be negatively associated with neonatal skinfold thickness among women without obesity, while free leptin in early pregnancy was positively associated with skinfold thickness. CONCLUSIONS Maternal adipokines were associated with multiple pathways that influence neonatal size including length and adiposity, which differed in timing across pregnancy and by prepregnancy obesity. These findings provide new potential insights into mechanisms and timing by which maternal obesity may impact fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie N Hinkle
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shristi Rawal
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Danping Liu
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Turan K, Arslan A, Uçkan K, Demir H, Demir C. Change of the levels of trace elements and heavy metals in threatened abortion. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:554-557. [PMID: 30893263 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKROUND This study aimed to investigate the impact of changes in the serum levels of trace elements and heavy metals in threatened abortion, which is a common complication in early pregnancy. Earlier studies have shown that changes in the serum levels of some trace elements and increased serum concentrations of heavy metals are associated with spontaneous abortion; however, this relationship has not been fully clarified. METHODS The patient group consisted of 45 pregnant women diagnosed with threatened abortion. There were 40 healthy nonpregnant women in the control group. Blood samples were obtained from the patients and the healthy controls, and the concentrations of serum trace elements and heavy metals were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RESULTS Statistically significant decreases were found in the serum zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) levels, and significant increases were found in the serum copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) levels in cases of threatened abortion in comparison to the controls (p < 0.001). However, there was no difference between the groups in terms of the serum cobalt (Co) levels (p > 0.001). CONCLUSION Changes in the balance of some essential trace elements (especially decreases in Fe and Zn) and elevated concentrations of some toxic heavy metals in the blood may be important diagnostic and prognostic parameters for threatened abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasim Turan
- Department of Gynecology, Private Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic, Van, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Arslan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yuzuncu Yil University, Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Kazim Uçkan
- Department of Gynecology, Van Education and Research Hospital, Edremit, Van, Turkey
| | - Halit Demir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Yuzuncu Yil University, Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Canan Demir
- Health Services Vocational High School, Yuzuncu Yil University, Tuşba, Van, Turkey
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109
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Caspersen IH, Thomsen C, Haug LS, Knutsen HK, Brantsæter AL, Papadopoulou E, Erlund I, Lundh T, Alexander J, Meltzer HM. Patterns and dietary determinants of essential and toxic elements in blood measured in mid-pregnancy: The Norwegian Environmental Biobank. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 671:299-308. [PMID: 30928759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate stores or intakes of essential minerals in pregnancy, or too high exposure to both toxic and essential elements, can have adverse effects on mother and child. The main aims of this study were to 1) describe the concentrations and patterns of essential and toxic elements measured in maternal whole blood during pregnancy; 2) identify dietary, lifestyle and sociodemographic determinants of element status; and 3) explore the impact of iron deficiency on blood element concentrations. METHODS This study is based on blood samples collected from 2982 women in gestational week 18 in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study (MoBa) which were analyzed as part of the Norwegian Environmental Biobank. We derived blood element patterns by exploratory factor analysis, and associations between blood element patterns and diet were explored using sparse partial least squares (sPLS) regression. RESULTS Blood concentrations were determined for the essential elements (in the order of most abundant) Zn > Cu > Se > Mn > Mo > Co, and the toxic metals Pb > As > Hg > Cd > Tl. The concentrations were in ranges that were similar to or sometimes more favorable than in other pregnant and non-pregnant European women. We identified two blood element patterns; one including Zn, Se and Mn and another including Hg and As. For the Zn-Se-Mn pattern, use of multimineral supplements was the most important dietary determinant, while a high score in the Hg-As pattern was mainly determined by seafood consumption. Concentrations of Mn, Cd and Co were significantly higher in women with iron deficiency (plasma ferritin < 12 μg/L) than in women with plasma ferritin ≥ 12 μg/L. CONCLUSION Our study illustrates complex relationships and coexistence of essential and toxic elements. Their potential interplay adds to the challenges of studies investigating health effects related to either diet or toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Henriette Caspersen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Småstuen Haug
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle K Knutsen
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eleni Papadopoulou
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Iris Erlund
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institution of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Alexander
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Margrete Meltzer
- Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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110
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Li Y, He J, Zeng X, Zhao S, Wang X, Yuan H. Non-fasting lipids detection and their significance in pregnant women. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:96. [PMID: 30975209 PMCID: PMC6458631 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1038-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of pregnant women present an increase in lipids. To investigate the influence of the non-fasting state in the lipid and lipoprotein profile in pregnancy, we have aimed to assess the dynamic change of serum lipid and lipoprotein profile with serum glucose in pregnancy to contrast the differences between fasting and non-fasting state. METHODS Forty-five pregnant women and 41 controls were included in our study. All serum samples were assayed for TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoB, ApoA-1, Lp(a), sdLDL, and Glu concentrations. The comparison between pregnant women and controls (fasting and 2 h after breakfast), differences of these measurement results at three point-in-time, the associations between the concentrations of serum lipid and some maternal and fetus characteristics was conducted with statistical analysis. RESULTS Except Glu (p < 0.001), there were no significant differences of all lipids between three point-in-time in pregnant women (p > 0.1). The statistically higher levels were found in fasting TC (p = 0.003), TG (p = 0.019), LDL-C (p = 0.002), ApoB (p = 0.001), ApoA1 (p = 0.013) and sdLDL (p < 0.001) of pregnant women compared with controls. Besides, the statistically significances were also found in 2-h TC (p = 0.001), LDL-C (p = 0.001), ApoB (p < 0.001), Glu (p = 0.013), ApoA-1 (p = 0.009) and sdLDL (p < 0.001) of pregnant women compared with controls. Otherwise, in non-fasting status (2 h after breakfast), pregnancy complication was relevant to TC (p = 0.041), HDL-C (p = 0.014), Glu (p = 0.004). Delivery mode was relevant to TC (p = 0.012), HDL-C (p = 0.013), LDL-C (p = 0.026), ApoA-1 (p = 0.012), and sdLDL (p = 0.044). BMI was relevant to TG (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION We have suggested the non-fasting lipids detection can be used for estimate lipid metabolism in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Anzhen Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxun He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Anzhen Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Anzhen Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Anzhen Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Anzhen Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Anzhen Road No. 2, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Desta M, Akibu M, Tadese M, Tesfaye M. Dietary Diversity and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Shashemane, Oromia, Central Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Nutr Metab 2019; 2019:3916864. [PMID: 30993019 PMCID: PMC6434279 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3916864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal dietary diversity is a proxy indicator of maternal nutrient adequacy and improves health outcomes for both mothers and babies. However, little is documented on dietary diversity among pregnant mothers. Therefore, this study assessed diet diversity and associated factors among pregnant mothers attending the antenatal clinic in Shashemane, Oromia, Central Ethiopia. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 315 systematically selected pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of Shashemane town in April 2017. Dietary diversity was assessed using a 24 h dietary recall method, and the dietary diversity score was computed for ten food groups. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were computed to identify associated factors of dietary diversity. RESULT In this study, only a quarter (25.4%) of pregnant mothers consumed adequate dietary diversity. Mother's tertiary (AOR 3.18; 95% CI: 1.8, 6.35) and secondary (AOR 2.13; 95% CI: 2.32, 8.72) education, household monthly income above 3500 ETB (AOR = 2.24; 95% CI: 1.47, 7.78), livestock ownership (AOR = 4.15; 95% CI: 2.07, 9.86), women who got emotional support from the husband (AOR = 3.49; 95% CI: 1.12, 8.23), and women who participated in the shooping (AOR = 2.54; 95% CI: 3.27, 9.83) were more likely to attain the adequate dietary diversity. CONCLUSION The study revealed that the overall consumption of adequate dietary diversity was found to be low. Developing the educational level of women, increasing household income and owning of livestock, increasing husbands' support, and improving women's participation in the shopping are recommended to improve women's adequate dietary diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melaku Desta
- Debre Markos University, College of Health Science, Department of Midwifery, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Akibu
- Debre Berhan University, Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Midwifery, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Tadese
- Debre Berhan University, Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Midwifery, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Meskerem Tesfaye
- Hawassa University, College of Health Science, Department of Midwifery, Awasa, Ethiopia
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Parisi F, di Bartolo I, Savasi VM, Cetin I. Micronutrient supplementation in pregnancy: Who, what and how much? Obstet Med 2019; 12:5-13. [PMID: 30891086 PMCID: PMC6416688 DOI: 10.1177/1753495x18769213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a period of major physiological and metabolic change, aiming to ensure proper fetal growth and development, as well as maternal preservation. This review focuses on maternal nutrition, and particularly on micronutrient deficiencies and supplementation during pregnancy. Nutrient deficiencies and consequences in pregnant women are presented, with an overview of current recommendations for dietary supplementation in pregnancy, even considering the risk of micronutrient overload. Appropriate universal supplementation and prophylaxis/treatment of nutritional needs currently appear to be the most cost-effective goal in low-income countries, thus ensuring adequate intake of key elements including folate, iron, calcium, vitamin D and A. In high-income countries, a proper nutritional assessment and counselling should be mandatory in obstetric care in order to normalize pregestational body mass index, choose a healthy dietary pattern and evaluate the risk of deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Parisi
- Center for Fetal Research Giorgio Pardi, Department
of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Hospital
Luigi Sacco, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Milan, Italy
| | - I di Bartolo
- Center for Fetal Research Giorgio Pardi, Department
of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Hospital
Luigi Sacco, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Milan, Italy
| | - VM Savasi
- Center for Fetal Research Giorgio Pardi, Department
of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Hospital
Luigi Sacco, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Milan, Italy
| | - I Cetin
- Center for Fetal Research Giorgio Pardi, Department
of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Hospital
Luigi Sacco, Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Milan, Italy
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Qi J, Lai Y, Liang C, Yan S, Huang K, Pan W, Feng L, Jiang L, Zhu P, Hao J, Tong S, Tao F. Prenatal thallium exposure and poor growth in early childhood: A prospective birth cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:224-230. [PMID: 30537637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thallium (Tl) exposure remains a public health problem with potential impacts on humans. Studies have suggested that prenatal exposure to thallium may be associated with fetal growth, but no studies are known have explored its association with early childhood anthropometry. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of prenatal Tl exposures on early child growth and development aged 0-2 years in a prospective birth cohort study. METHODS 3080 pregnant women and their children participated in the study, which were recruited from a birth cohort in China. Serum samples collected in the first and second trimester of pregnant subjects and umbilical cord blood of infants were analyzed for Tl exposure assessment. Infant length or standing height and weight were obtained from medical records and 2 years planned visits. We used length/height and weight to calculate z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ), and body mass index-for-age (zBMI) based on World Health Organization standards. Linear mixed model was used to investigate the association between serum concentrations of Tl and the children's anthropometric characteristics (WAZ, HAZ, WHZ, and zBMI), and stratification analysis by sex was also examined. RESULTS The median (P25-P75) of Tl levels in the first trimester, second trimester and umbilical cord serum were 61.7 (50.7-77.0), 60.1 (50.9-74.8) and 38.4 (33.6-43.9) ng/L, respectively. Paired Mann-Whitney tests found Tl concentrations in umbilical cord serum were significantly less than that in maternal serum during the first and second trimesters (all p < 0.01). Using adjusted linear mixed model, no significant relationships were observed between maternal Tl exposure and child growth parameters. However, the umbilical cord serum Tl levels may contributed to decreased WAZ (β = -0.382, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.670, -0.095) and HAZ (β = -0.427, 95% CI: -0.702, -0.152). When stratified by sex, the umbilical cord serum Tl levels were negatively related to WAZ (β = -0.450, 95% CI: -0.853, -0.048) and HAZ (β = -0.775, 95% CI: -1.160, -0.391) for girls. Among boys, overall Tl exposures were not significantly associated with early children anthropometric outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, our results suggested that prenatal Tl exposures may have a sex specific effect on child anthropometric measurements in the first 2 years of life. Umbilical cord serum Tl levels tended to be reduced child's stature and weight in young girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qi
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Lai
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Center, Ma'anshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Pan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Center, Ma'anshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanlan Feng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Jiang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahu Hao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilu Tong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
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Liu H, Hou C, Li N, Zhang X, Zhang G, Yang F, Zeng X, Liu Z, Qiao S. Microbial and metabolic alterations in gut microbiota of sows during pregnancy and lactation. FASEB J 2019; 33:4490-4501. [PMID: 30653349 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801221rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in various physiologic processes; however, maternal microbial and metabolic changes during pregnancy and lactation remain elusive. Using pigs as an animal model, we conducted comparative analyses of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles across different stages of gestation, lactation, and the empty (nonpregnancy) phase in 2 distinct breeds of sow, Rongchang (RS) and Landrace (LS). Coriobacteriaceae were found to gradually increase over gestational time irrespective of breed, which was further validated in an independent cohort of sows, indicating that Coriobacteriaceae are likely associated with the progression of pregnancy. Escherichia increased as well. Relative to empty and gestation, lactation was associated with an increase in SCFA producers and a concomitant augmentation in SCFA production in both breeds. A comparison between the 2 breeds revealed that Ruminococcaceae were more abundant in RSs than in LSs, consistent with the strong ability of Rongchang pigs to digest highly fibrous feedstuffs. Taken together, we revealed characteristic structural and metabolic changes in maternal gut microbiota throughout pregnancy, lactation, and the empty phase, which could potentially help improve the pregnancy and lactation outcomes for both animals and humans.-Liu, H., Hou, C., Li, N., Zhang, X., Zhang, G., Yang, F., Zeng, X., Liu, Z., Qiao, S. Microbial and metabolic alterations in gut microbiota of sows during pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Feed Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Chengli Hou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Feed Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Feed Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA; and
| | - Feiyun Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Feed Additives, Beijing, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Feed Additives, Beijing, China
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Effect of Vitamin A status during pregnancy on maternal anemia and newborn birth weight: results from a cohort study in the Western Brazilian Amazon. Eur J Nutr 2018; 59:45-56. [PMID: 30560301 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inadequate Vitamin A (VA) status during pregnancy has been associated with maternal anemia and suboptimal newborn birth weight (BW). We assessed the effect of gestational serum retinol and β-carotene (µmol/L), in different moments during pregnancy, on maternal hemoglobin (Hb, g/L) and anemia (Hb < 110.0 g/L) at delivery, and newborn BW (kg). METHODS In a prospective cohort study in Cruzeiro do Sul, Western Brazilian Amazon, biomarkers of the VA status were assessed in the second and third trimesters in pregnancy. Serum retinol and β-carotene were analyzed considering their effects in each and in both assessments (combined VA status), and the difference of serum values between assessments. Multiple linear and Poisson regression models were used with a hierarchical selection of covariates. RESULTS A total of 488 mother-newborn pairs were surveyed. Combined VA deficiency status increased the risk for maternal anemia (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.39; 95% CI 1.05-1.84), and was negatively associated with maternal Hb (β - 3.30 g/L; 95% CI - 6.4, - 0.20) and newborn BW (β - 0.10 kg; 95% CI - 0.20, - 0.00), adjusted for socioeconomic, environmental, obstetric, and antenatal characteristics, and nutritional indicators. However, the association for newborn BW was no longer significant after further adjustment for plasma ferritin. There were no significant associations between serum β-carotene and the outcomes studied. CONCLUSION Poor serum retinol status throughout pregnancy was associated with maternal anemia at delivery in Amazonian women. The current World Health Organization protocols for supplementation during antenatal care should consider VA status for planning recommendations in different scenarios.
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Mangwiro YT, Briffa JF, Gravina S, Mahizir D, Anevska K, Romano T, Moritz KM, Cuffe JS, Wlodek ME. Maternal exercise and growth restriction in rats alters placental angiogenic factors and blood space area in a sex-specific manner. Placenta 2018; 74:47-54. [PMID: 30638632 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth and development are dependent on adequate placental nutrient transfer. The surface area of the placental villous network is a key determinant of nutrient exchange, which is regulated by vasculogenic and angiogenic factors. These factors are altered by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and maternal obesity in both the first (F1) and second (F2) generations. We investigated the impact of endurance exercise in IUGR dams fed a High-fat diet on placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Uteroplacental insufficiency (Restricted) or sham (Control) surgery was induced on embryonic day (E) 18 in Wistar-Kyoto rats. F1 offspring were fed a Chow or High-fat diet from weaning, and at 16 weeks were further allocated an exercise protocol; Sedentary, Exercised prior to and during pregnancy (Exercise), or Exercised during pregnancy only (PregEx). Females were mated (20 weeks) and F2 placentae collected at E20. Maternal Restriction, High-fat feeding and Exercise had a minimal impact on placental regulators of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. However, Restriction increased placental labyrinth tissue area in Chow-fed dams. PregEx induced overt adaptations, including increased VEGFA and decreased PLGF protein expression, and reduced blood space area. These alterations were sex-dependent and associated with alterations in miRNA27a, a known regulator of VEGF translation. These data highlight that maternal exercise initiated during pregnancy (PregEx) causes alterations in placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in a sex-dependent manner, with minimal Restriction and maternal diet effects. However, further investigation is required to determine if these adaptations are beneficial or harmful for maternal and fetoplacental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeukai Tm Mangwiro
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia; Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jessica F Briffa
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sogand Gravina
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Dayana Mahizir
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Kristina Anevska
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Tania Romano
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Karen M Moritz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
| | - James Sm Cuffe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Is there a relationship between children's behaviour and food cravings during pregnancy? J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2018; 13:547-551. [PMID: 31435376 PMCID: PMC6694992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Food craving is a well-known phenomenon during pregnancy that is driven by nutritional requirements for optimal foetal development. This mechanism plays a vital role in ensuring normal prenatal and postnatal development. The goal of the present study is to assess whether cravings experienced during pregnancy are related to children's behaviour. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in the gynaecology outpatient unit of a local hospital on healthy non-pregnant women, with children aged between 18 months and 5 years. Eligible women completed a questionnaire regarding their child's behaviours and cravings experienced during their pregnancy. Chi-square tests were used to examine relationships between cravings and behaviour. Results A total of 336 women were included in the study (child mean age = 44.11 ± 15.65 months; 55.7% females). Food cravings were experienced by 83.1% (n = 304/366) of the participants. The most commonly reported food craving was for fruit (n = 112, 33.3%). Other cravings included salty crackers (n = 40, 10.9%), sweets (n = 35, 9.6%), meat (n = 32, 8.7%), and vegetables (n = 29, 7.9%). There was variation in frequency of the children's behavioural problems: always (more than 50% of the occasions), sometimes (10–50% of the occasions), and none. Conclusions Our analyses showed that most behavioural issues were not associated with cravings during pregnancy. Further investigation into how diet and foetal development may impact childhood behaviour is warranted.
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Abstract
Determining the predictors of serum retinol at mid-pregnancy is relevant for planning interventions aimed at improving vitamin A status of pregnant women and their offspring. This prospective study assessed predictors of serum retinol at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy. We enrolled 442 pregnant women living in the urban area of Cruzeiro do Sul, Western Brazilian Amazon. Demographic, socio-economic, environmental and clinical characteristics as well as obstetric history, anthropometric, dietary and biochemical data, including serum retinol, were gathered between 16 and 20 gestational weeks. Serum retinol also measured at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy (approximately 28 gestational weeks) was the outcome of interest. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate associations with the outcome. Overall, the following variables explained serum retinol at the beginning of the third trimester of pregnancy in the adjusted model (R 2 = 11·1 %): seasonality (winter season - November to April; β=0·134; 95 % CI 0·063, 0·206), weekly consumption of Amazonian fruits (β=0·087; 95 % CI 0·012, 0·162) and retinol concentrations between 16 and 20 gestational weeks (β=0·045; 95 % CI 0·016, 0·074) were positively associated, whereas having a smoker in the house was negatively associated (β=-0·087; 95 % CI: -0·166, -0·009). Consumption of pro-vitamin A-rich fruits by pregnant women should be encouraged. Passive smoking may play a role in decreasing vitamin A status as a proxy of smoking exposure during pregnancy.
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The Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency and Associated Factors in Pregnant Women Receiving Prenatal Care at a Reference Maternity Hospital in Northeastern Brazil. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091271. [PMID: 30205601 PMCID: PMC6165532 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is essential for mother and child; however, vitamin A deficiency (VAD) remains a public health issue in various countries, affecting around 19 million pregnant women. In Brazil, the scarcity and inconsistency of data have prevented the prevalence and epidemiological status of VAD from being established. This study aimed to analyze vitamin A nutritional status in women receiving prenatal care at a reference center in northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 676 women. Serum retinol was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Subclinical infection was detected by measuring C-reactive protein (CRP). The World Health Organization criteria were used in the prevalence analysis, VAD classification level, and CRP effect evaluation. The prevalence of VAD (serum retinol <0.70 μmol/L) was 6.2% (95% confidence interval 4.5–8.3). In the univariate analysis, the variables significantly associated with VAD (p < 0.05) were having <12 years of schooling, being in the third trimester of pregnancy, and anemia. In the final multivariate model, the variables that remained significantly associated (p < 0.05) were being in the third trimester of pregnancy and anemia. VAD constituted a mild public health problem in this sample of pregnant women and was associated with the third trimester of pregnancy and maternal anemia.
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Zanardo V, Volpe F, Giliberti L, Severino L, Soldera G, Giustardi A, Straface G. Prepregnancy Body Mass Index shift across gestation: primary evidence of an association with eating disorders. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:415-420. [PMID: 29950130 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1494709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Previous studies indicated that gestational weight gain-related disorders share many similarities with feeding and eating disorders (EDs).Design: To examine the association of prepregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI), defined according to 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM), and its shift across gestation with symptoms of feeding and EDs, defined by EDE-Q.Setting: This prospective cohort study took place at the Division of Perinatal Medicine of Policlinico Abano Terme, Italy, from Jannuary 2015 to October 2015.Population and sample: The sample included 655 healthy at term puerperae.Main outcomes measures: We correlated gestational BMI in different women categories to EDE-Q Global score and Restrain, Eating concern, Shape concern, and Weight concern subscales, by Spearman's correlation test.Results: Among 655 women, 59 (9.0%) were categorized as underweight, 463 (70.7%) normal weight, 98 (15.0%) overweight, and 35 (5.3%) as obese in prepregnancy period. At the end of gestation, underweight women category disappeared, normal weight women lightened to one third, overweight women tripled, and obese women doubled. At the same time, EDE-Q global scores increased from normal weight (0.25 ± 0.41), to overweight (0.47 ± 0.58), and to obese (0.72 ± 0.70) puerperae. In addition, EDE-Q global scores were significantly correlated with gestational BMI increase in Global score (rho = 0.326; p < .001) and in the four subscales: Restrain (rho = 0.161; p < .001), Eating concern (rho = 0.193; p < .001), Shape concern (rho = 0.335; p < .001), and Weight concern (rho = 0.365; p < .001), respectively.Conclusions: It was found that the shift of woman BMI across an uncomplicated pregnancy is a warning indicator of unhealthy eating and feeding symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Zanardo
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Policlinico AbanoTerme, AbanoTerme, Italy
| | - Francesca Volpe
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Policlinico AbanoTerme, AbanoTerme, Italy
| | - Lara Giliberti
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Policlinico AbanoTerme, AbanoTerme, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Severino
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Policlinico AbanoTerme, AbanoTerme, Italy
| | - Gino Soldera
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Policlinico AbanoTerme, AbanoTerme, Italy
| | - Arturo Giustardi
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Policlinico AbanoTerme, AbanoTerme, Italy
| | - Gianluca Straface
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Policlinico AbanoTerme, AbanoTerme, Italy
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Tuenter A, Bautista Nino PK, Vitezova A, Pantavos A, Bramer WM, Franco OH, Felix JF. Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in smoking-exposed pregnant women: A systematic review. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2018; 15:e12675. [PMID: 30182513 PMCID: PMC6585731 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Smoking exposure is associated with pregnancy complications, as are levels of folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine. In nonpregnant adults, smoking exposure is associated negatively with folate and vitamin B12 levels and positively with homocysteine levels. A complete overview of the literature on this topic in pregnant women is lacking. To evaluate evidence of associations of maternal smoking exposure during pregnancy and levels of folate, homocysteine, and vitamin B12 in pregnancy and in cord blood, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and reference lists of relevant studies until August 2017. We selected studies in pregnant women describing the association of passive or active smoking and levels of folate, homocysteine, and/or vitamin B12. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. We included 32 studies of 2,015 identified references with a total of 37,822 participants and more than 6,000 smokers. Twenty‐eight studies measured folate, 14 measured vitamin B12, and 13 measured homocysteine. Nineteen out of 28 studies assessing folate reported significantly lower levels in pregnant women exposed to smoking compared with those unexposed. Vitamin B12 levels were lower in smoking mothers in eight out of 14 studies. Homocysteine levels tended to be higher in mothers exposed to smoking. Smoking exposure during pregnancy is generally associated with lower folate and vitamin B12 levels and higher homocysteine levels. This may help raise further awareness about the consequences of smoking and the need to encourage stopping smoking in all, especially in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Tuenter
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paula K Bautista Nino
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Vitezova
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Athanasios Pantavos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wichor M Bramer
- Medical Library, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janine F Felix
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Napso T, Yong HEJ, Lopez-Tello J, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. The Role of Placental Hormones in Mediating Maternal Adaptations to Support Pregnancy and Lactation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1091. [PMID: 30174608 PMCID: PMC6108594 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the mother must adapt her body systems to support nutrient and oxygen supply for growth of the baby in utero and during the subsequent lactation. These include changes in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, immune and metabolic systems of the mother. Failure to appropriately adjust maternal physiology to the pregnant state may result in pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes and abnormal birth weight, which can further lead to a range of medically significant complications for the mother and baby. The placenta, which forms the functional interface separating the maternal and fetal circulations, is important for mediating adaptations in maternal physiology. It secretes a plethora of hormones into the maternal circulation which modulate her physiology and transfers the oxygen and nutrients available to the fetus for growth. Among these placental hormones, the prolactin-growth hormone family, steroids and neuropeptides play critical roles in driving maternal physiological adaptations during pregnancy. This review examines the changes that occur in maternal physiology in response to pregnancy and the significance of placental hormone production in mediating such changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Napso
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah E J Yong
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Lopez-Tello
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Jin L, Yu JP, Yang ZJ, Merilä J, Liao WB. Modulation of Gene Expression in Liver of Hibernating Asiatic Toads ( Bufo gargarizans). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2363. [PMID: 30103470 PMCID: PMC6121651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernation is an effective energy conservation strategy that has been widely adopted by animals to cope with unpredictable environmental conditions. The liver, in particular, plays an important role in adaptive metabolic adjustment during hibernation. Mammalian studies have revealed that many genes involved in metabolism are differentially expressed during the hibernation period. However, the differentiation in global gene expression between active and torpid states in amphibians remains largely unknown. We analyzed gene expression in the liver of active and torpid Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans) using RNA-sequencing. In addition, we evaluated the differential expression of genes between females and males. A total of 1399 genes were identified as differentially expressed between active and torpid females. Of these, the expressions of 395 genes were significantly elevated in torpid females and involved genes responding to stresses, as well as contractile proteins. The expression of 1004 genes were significantly down-regulated in torpid females, most which were involved in metabolic depression and shifts in the energy utilization. Of the 715 differentially expressed genes between active and torpid males, 337 were up-regulated and 378 down-regulated. A total of 695 genes were differentially expressed between active females and males, of which 655 genes were significantly down-regulated in males. Similarly, 374 differentially expressed genes were identified between torpid females and males, with the expression of 252 genes (mostly contractile proteins) being significantly down-regulated in males. Our findings suggest that expression of many genes in the liver of B. gargarizans are down-regulated during hibernation. Furthermore, there are marked sex differences in the levels of gene expression, with females showing elevated levels of gene expression as compared to males, as well as more marked down-regulation of gene-expression in torpid males than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jin
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Propagation and Utilization in Anurans of Nanchong City, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
- Institute of Eco-Adaptation in Amphibians and Reptiles, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
| | - Jian Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Propagation and Utilization in Anurans of Nanchong City, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
- Institute of Eco-Adaptation in Amphibians and Reptiles, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
| | - Zai Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
| | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, 00100 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Wen Bo Liao
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Propagation and Utilization in Anurans of Nanchong City, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
- Institute of Eco-Adaptation in Amphibians and Reptiles, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
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Henry LA, Cassidy T, McLaughlin M, Pentieva K, McNulty H, Walsh CP, Lees-Murdock D. Folic Acid Supplementation throughout pregnancy: psychological developmental benefits for children. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:1370-1378. [PMID: 29469926 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test the effect of folic acid supplements taken throughout pregnancy on children's psychosocial development. METHOD A randomised controlled trial of folic acid supplementation in pregnancy, with parental rating using the Resiliency Attitudes and Skills Profile (RASP), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Child Short Form (TEIQue-CSF). Children aged 6-7 whose mothers received folic acid throughout pregnancy (n = 22) were compared to those whose mothers only received it during the first trimester (n = 17). RESULTS Children whose mothers received the full-term supplement scored significantly higher on emotional intelligence and resilience. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis identified folate level at 36th gestational week as an important predictor of emotional intelligence (EI) and resilience. CONCLUSION Although conclusions must be drawn with caution, this research presents a number of potential implications, the main one being a proposed policy recommendation for women to take folic acid for the duration of pregnancy rather than stopping at the end of the first trimester. The second is the potential for future research to explore the possible psychological and social development benefits and in line with this to try and identify the explanatory mechanism involved.
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125
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Lemmens PMC, Sartor F, Cox LGE, den Boer SV, Westerink JHDM. Evaluation of an activity monitor for use in pregnancy to help reduce excessive gestational weight gain. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:312. [PMID: 30064390 PMCID: PMC6069538 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive weight gain during pregnancy increases the risk for negative effects on mother and child during pregnancy, delivery, and also postnatally. Excessive weight gain can be partially compensated by being sufficiently physically active, which can be measured using activity trackers. Modern activity trackers often use accelerometer data as well as heart rate data to estimate energy expenditure. Because pregnancy affects the metabolism and cardiac output, it is not evident that activity trackers that are calibrated to the general population can be reliably used during pregnancy. We evaluated whether an activity monitor designed for the general population is sufficiently accurate for estimating energy expenditure in pregnant women. Methods Forty pregnant women (age: 30.8 ± 4.7 years, BMI: 25.0 ± 4.0) from all three trimesters performed a 1-h protocol including paced and self-paced exercise activities as well as household activities. We tracked reference energy expenditure using indirect calorimetry and used equivalence testing to determine whether the estimated energy expenditure from the activity monitor was within the limits of equivalence. Results Overall we found an averaged underestimation of 10 kcal (estimated energy expenditure was 97% of the reference measurement). The 90% CI for the cumulative total energy expenditure was 94–100%. The activities of self-paced cycling, household activities, stair-walking, and yoga had one of their equivalence boundaries outside a 80–125% range of equivalence; for exercise on a cross-trainer, for self-paced and fixed-pace walking, fixed-paced cycling, and resting, the estimations were within the limits of equivalence. Conclusions We conclude that the activity monitor is sufficiently accurate for every-day use during pregnancy. The observed deviations can be accounted for and are acceptable from a statistical and an applied perspective because the positive and negative deviations that we observed cancel out to an accurate average energy expenditure over a day, and estimations during exercise are sufficiently accurate to enable coaching on physical activity. The positive and negative deviations themselves were relatively small. Therefore, the activity monitor can be used to help in preventing excessive weight gain during pregnancy by accurately tracking physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M C Lemmens
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Francesco Sartor
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lieke G E Cox
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joyce H D M Westerink
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.,Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Eeuwsel, 5612 AZ, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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126
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Manta-Vogli PD, Schulpis KH, Dotsikas Y, Loukas YL. The significant role of amino acids during pregnancy: nutritional support. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:334-340. [PMID: 29909700 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1489795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy is characterized by a complexity of metabolic processes that may impact fetal development and infant health outcome. Normal fetal growth and development depend on a continuous supply of nutrients via the placenta. The placenta transports, utilizes, produces, and interconverts amino acids (AAs).Findings: Concentrations of both nonessential and essential AAs in maternal plasma decrease in early pregnancy and persist at low concentrations throughout. The decline is greatest for the glucogenic AAs and AAs of the urea cycle. Additionally, there is a large placental utilization of the branched-chain AAs, some of which are transaminated to alpha ketoacids and contribute to placental ammonia production. Both nonessential and essential AAs regulate key metabolic pathways to improve health, survival, growth, development, lactation, and reproduction of organisms. Some of the nonessential AAs (e.g. glutamine, glutamate, and arginine) play also important roles in regulating gene expression, cell signaling, antioxidant responses, immunity, and neurological function.Conclusions: Nutritional support during pregnancy is of great interest focusing not only to common pregnancies but also to those with low socioeconomic status, vegan-vegetarian groups, and pregnant women with metabolic disorders, the most known maternal phenylketonuria. The latter is of great interest because phenylalanine must be within the recommended range throughout pregnancy in addition to other nutrients such as vitamin B12, folate, etc. Loss of the adherence to this specific diet results in congenital malformations of the fetus. In addition to the routine laboratory test, quantitation of plasma AAs may be necessary throughout pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope D Manta-Vogli
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Yannis Dotsikas
- Laboratory of Pharm. Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yannis L Loukas
- Laboratory of Pharm. Analysis, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodestrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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127
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O'Malley EG, Cawley S, Reynolds CME, Kennedy RAK, Molloy A, Turner MJ. Comparison at the first prenatal visit of the maternal dietary intakes of smokers with non-smokers in a large maternity hospital: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021721. [PMID: 30002014 PMCID: PMC6082475 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using detailed dietary and supplement questionnaires in early pregnancy, we compared the dietary intakes of micronutrients and macronutrients at the first prenatal visit of women who reported continuing to smoke during pregnancy with the intakes of women who were non-smokers. DESIGN Cross-sectional study conducted between June 2014 and March 2016. SETTING Stand-alone tertiary maternity hospital in an urban setting with approximately 8000 deliveries per year. PARTICIPANTS Women were recruited at their convenience after sonographic confirmation of an ongoing singleton pregnancy (n=502). Detailed dietary and supplement information was available for 398 women. Women <18 years and those who did not speak English fluently were excluded. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The differences in dietary micronutrients and macronutrients and maternal folate levels between women who continued to smoke in pregnancy compared with non-smokers. RESULTS Of the 502 women, the mean age was 30.5 (SD 5.6) years, 42.5% were nulliparas, 19.2% were obese and 398 (79.3%) completed the questionnaire satisfactorily. In the 50 (12.6%) current smokers, the micronutrients magnesium, iron, carotene and copper were lower (all p<0.005) whereas sodium and chloride were higher compared with the 348 (87.4%) non-smokers. Smokers reported lower intakes of dietary total folate (p=0.006) compared with non-smokers (i.e., dietary folate equivalents; intake from natural and fortified dietary sources) (p=0.005). Smokers also reported lower intakes of fibre than non-smokers (13.1 g (IQR 7.7) vs 16.3 g (IQR 8.5), p<0.001). The dietary intakes of former smokers compared favourably with non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS We found that women who continue to smoke during pregnancy have serious dietary inadequacies which could potentially aggravate fetal growth restriction associated with direct toxicity from cigarettes. This provides a further reason to promote smoking cessation interventions in pregnancy, and highlights the need for dietary and supplementation interventions in women who continue to smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimer G O'Malley
- UCD Centre for Human Reproduction, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shona Cawley
- UCD Centre for Human Reproduction, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara M E Reynolds
- UCD Centre for Human Reproduction, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel A K Kennedy
- UCD Centre for Human Reproduction, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Molloy
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael J Turner
- UCD Centre for Human Reproduction, Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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128
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Changes in Taste Threshold, Perceived Intensity, Liking, and Preference in Pregnant Women: a Literature Review. CHEMOSENS PERCEPT 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12078-018-9246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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129
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Yue CY, Ying CM. Epidemiological analysis of maternal lipid levels during the second trimester in pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome adjusted by pregnancy BMI. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22568. [PMID: 29774596 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is accompanied by profound changes in lipid metabolism. We aimed to assess whether effects of second trimester body mass index and maternal lipid concentrations are associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS We investigated the serum levels of maternal lipids during the second trimester in pregnancy, and analyzed associations between the lipid levels and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. Seven hundred and seventy-four pregnant women were enrolled in this study between February 2016 and June 2016. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the relative risk between maternal lipids and adverse pregnancy outcome. RESULTS Compared with the control group, during the second trimester of pregnancy, BMI, TG, and Lp(a) were risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus; middle trimester pregnancy BMI, Lp(a), and APO-B were risk factors for pre-eclampsia; second trimester BMI and TG/HDL-C were risk factors for macrosomia; age and Lp(a) were uterine atony postpartum hemorrhage risk factors, while APO-AI was a protective factor of uterine inertia and postpartum hemorrhage; second trimester BMI, TCH, Lp(a), and TG/HDL-C were risk factors for fetal distress, while parity was a protective factor against fetal distress. CONCLUSION Abnormal blood lipid levels in pregnancy are significantly associated with GDM, pre-eclampsia, and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yan Yue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Mei Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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130
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Baumgartner J. Antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation: benefits beyond iron-folic acid alone. LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH 2018; 5:e1050-e1051. [PMID: 29025619 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(17)30389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Baumgartner
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, 2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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131
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
In the 1980s, mouse nuclear transplantation experiments revealed that both male and female parental genomes are required for successful development to term (McGrath and Solter, 1983; Surani and Barton, 1983). This non-equivalence of parental genomes is because imprinted genes are predominantly expressed from only one parental chromosome. Uniparental inheritance of these genomic regions causes paediatric growth disorders such as Beckwith–Wiedemann and Silver–Russell syndromes (reviewed in Peters, 2014). More than 100 imprinted genes have now been discovered and the functions of many of these genes have been assessed in murine models. The first such genes described were the fetal growth factor insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) and its inhibitor Igf2 receptor (Igf2r) (DeChiara et al., 1991; Lau et al., 1994; Wang et al., 1994). Since then, it has emerged that most imprinted genes modulate fetal growth and resource acquisition in a variety of ways. First, imprinted genes are required for the development of a functional placenta, the organ that mediates the exchange of nutrients between mother and fetus. Second, these genes act in an embryo-autonomous manner to affect the growth rate and organogenesis. Finally, imprinted genes can signal the nutritional status between mother and fetus, and can modulate levels of maternal care. Importantly, many imprinted genes have been shown to affect postnatal growth and energy homeostasis. Given that abnormal birthweight correlates with adverse adult metabolic health, including obesity and cardiovascular disease, it is crucial to understand how the modulation of this dosage-sensitive, epigenetically regulated class of genes can contribute to fetal and postnatal growth, with implications for lifelong health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Féaron C. Cassidy
- Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, LondonEC1M 6BQ, UK
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132
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Abstract
Once based mainly in paediatrics, inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), or inherited metabolic disorders (IMD) represent a growing adult medicine specialty. Individually rare these conditions have currently, a collective estimated prevalence of >1:800. Diagnosis has improved through expanded newborn screening programs, identification of potentially affected family members and greater awareness of symptomatic presentations in adolescence and in adulthood. Better survival and reduced mortality from previously lethal and debilitating conditions means greater numbers transition to adulthood. Pregnancy, once contraindicated for many, may represent a challenging but successful outcome. Successful pregnancies are now reported in a wide range of IEM. Significant challenges remain, given the biological stresses of pregnancy, parturition and the puerperium. Known diagnoses allow preventive and pre-emptive management. Unrecognized metabolic disorders especially, remain a preventable cause of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Increased awareness of these conditions amongst all clinicians is essential to expedite diagnosis and manage appropriately. This review aims to describe normal adaptations to pregnancy and discuss how various types of IEM may be affected. Relevant translational research and clinical experience will be reviewed with practical management aspects cited. Based on current literature, the impact of maternal IEM on mother and/or foetus, as well as how foetal IEM may affect the mother, will be considered. Insights gained from these rare disorders to more common conditions will be explored. Gaps in the literature, unanswered questions and steps to enhance further knowledge and systematically capture experience, such as establishment of an IEM-pregnancy registry, will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Wilcox
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- The Mark Holland Metabolic Unit, Salford Royal Foundation NHS Trust, Salford, Greater Manchester, M6 8HD, UK.
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133
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Verbal and visuospatial working memory during pregnancy: EEG correlation between the prefrontal and parietal cortices. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 148:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pérez‐Pérez A, Toro A, Vilariño‐García T, Maymó J, Guadix P, Dueñas JL, Fernández‐Sánchez M, Varone C, Sánchez‐Margalet V. Leptin action in normal and pathological pregnancies. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:716-727. [PMID: 29160594 PMCID: PMC5783877 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is now considered an important signalling molecule of the reproductive system, as it regulates the production of gonadotrophins, the blastocyst formation and implantation, the normal placentation, as well as the foeto-placental communication. Leptin is a peptide hormone secreted mainly by adipose tissue, and the placenta is the second leptin-producing tissue in humans. Placental leptin is an important cytokine which regulates placental functions in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Leptin seems to play a crucial role during the first stages of pregnancy as it modulates critical processes such as proliferation, protein synthesis, invasion and apoptosis in placental cells. Furthermore, deregulation of leptin levels has been correlated with the pathogenesis of various disorders associated with reproduction and gestation, including polycystic ovary syndrome, recurrent miscarriage, gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Due to the relevant incidence of the mentioned diseases and the importance of leptin, we decided to review the latest information available about leptin action in normal and pathological pregnancies to support the idea of leptin as an important factor and/or predictor of diverse disorders associated with reproduction and pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pérez‐Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirgen Macarena University HospitalUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | - Ayelén Toro
- Laboratory of Placental Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Biological ChemistrySchool of SciencesUniversity of Buenos AiresIQUIBICEN‐CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Teresa Vilariño‐García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirgen Macarena University HospitalUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | - Julieta Maymó
- Laboratory of Placental Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Biological ChemistrySchool of SciencesUniversity of Buenos AiresIQUIBICEN‐CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Pilar Guadix
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyVirgen Macarena University HospitalUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | - José L. Dueñas
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyVirgen Macarena University HospitalUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | | | - Cecilia Varone
- Laboratory of Placental Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Biological ChemistrySchool of SciencesUniversity of Buenos AiresIQUIBICEN‐CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Víctor Sánchez‐Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirgen Macarena University HospitalUniversity of SevilleSevilleSpain
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135
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Payne M, Stephens T, Lim K, Ball RO, Pencharz PB, Elango R. Lysine Requirements of Healthy Pregnant Women are Higher During Late Stages of Gestation Compared to Early Gestation. J Nutr 2018; 148:94-99. [PMID: 29378056 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxx034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lysine is the first limiting amino acid in cereal proteins and is found mainly in animal-derived products. Current Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) recommendations extrapolate lysine requirements during pregnancy from nonpregnant adult data, and may underestimate true requirements. Objective Our objective is to define a quantitative lysine requirement in healthy pregnant women and to determine whether requirements vary between 2 phases of gestation. Methods Fourteen pregnant women in early (12-19 wk) and 19 women in late (33-39 wk) gestation were studied using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique. Individual lysine intakes (6-84 mg · kg-1 · d-1, deficient to excess) were tested on each study day as a crystalline amino acid mixture based on egg protein composition. Isonitrogenous diets maintained protein intake at 1.5 g · kg-1 · d-1 and calorie intake at 1.7 times resting energy expenditure during each study day. Phenylalanine and tyrosine intakes were held constant across all lysine intakes. Breath and urine samples were collected at baseline and isotopic steady state. Lysine requirements were determined by measuring the oxidation of L-[1-13C]-phenylalanine to 13CO2 (F13CO2). Biphase linear regression crossover analysis was used to determine a breakpoint (which represents the estimated average requirement, EAR) in F13CO2. Results The EAR for lysine during early gestation was determined to be 36.6 mg · kg-1 · d-1 (R2 = 0.484, upper 95% CI = 46.2 mg · kg-1 · d-1), similar to an earlier adult requirement of 36 mg · kg-1 · d-1. The EAR for lysine during late gestation was determined to be 50.3 mg · kg-1 · d-1 (R2 = 0.664, upper 95% CI = 60.4 mg · kg-1 · d-1), 23% higher than the current pregnancy DRI EAR recommendation of 41 mg · kg-1 · d-1. Conclusions Our results suggest that lysine requirements are higher during late gestation compared to early gestation, and that current dietary lysine recommendations during late stages of pregnancy may be underestimated. The results have implications for populations consuming cereal-based diets as their primary source of protein. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01776931.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene Payne
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Trina Stephens
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lim
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Obstetrics and Gynecology, and School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ronald O Ball
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul B Pencharz
- The Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rajavel Elango
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
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136
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Abstract
Worldwide, 10% of babies are born preterm, defined as birth before 37 weeks' gestation. We have had little success in developing strategies to prevent preterm births, the majority of which are due to infection or are idiopathic. An emerging hypothesis is that the maternal microbiome-the bacteria that inhabit the mother's body and play vital functions in normal health-contributes to the etiology of preterm birth. Here, we highlight the latest data revealing correlations between preterm birth and maternal intestinal, vaginal, cervical, and placental microbiomes. Additionally, we describe the most commonly used comparative microbiome analysis methods and highlight important issues to consider when conducting such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Parnell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Catherine M Briggs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110.
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137
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Smith ER, Shankar AH, Wu LSF, Aboud S, Adu-Afarwuah S, Ali H, Agustina R, Arifeen S, Ashorn P, Bhutta ZA, Christian P, Devakumar D, Dewey KG, Friis H, Gomo E, Gupta P, Kæstel P, Kolsteren P, Lanou H, Maleta K, Mamadoultaibou A, Msamanga G, Osrin D, Persson LÅ, Ramakrishnan U, Rivera JA, Rizvi A, Sachdev HPS, Urassa W, West KP, Zagre N, Zeng L, Zhu Z, Fawzi WW, Sudfeld CR. Modifiers of the effect of maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation on stillbirth, birth outcomes, and infant mortality: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from 17 randomised trials in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Glob Health 2017; 5:e1090-e1100. [PMID: 29025632 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(17)30371-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micronutrient deficiencies are common among women in low-income and middle-income countries. Data from randomised trials suggest that maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation decreases the risk of low birthweight and potentially improves other infant health outcomes. However, heterogeneity across studies suggests influence from effect modifiers. We aimed to identify individual-level modifiers of the effect of multiple micronutrient supplements on stillbirth, birth outcomes, and infant mortality in low-income and middle-income countries. METHODS This two-stage meta-analysis of individual patient included data from 17 randomised controlled trials done in 14 low-income and middle-income countries, which compared multiple micronutrient supplements containing iron-folic acid versus iron-folic acid alone in 112 953 pregnant women. We generated study-specific estimates and pooled subgroup estimates using fixed-effects models and assessed heterogeneity between subgroups with the χ2 test for heterogeneity. We did sensitivity analyses using random-effects models, stratifying by iron-folic acid dose, and exploring individual study effect. FINDINGS Multiple micronutrient supplements containing iron-folic acid provided significantly greater reductions in neonatal mortality for female neonates compared with male neonates than did iron-folic acid supplementation alone (RR 0·85, 95% CI 0·75-0·96 vs 1·06, 0·95-1·17; p value for interaction 0·007). Multiple micronutrient supplements resulted in greater reductions in low birthweight (RR 0·81, 95% CI 0·74-0·89; p value for interaction 0·049), small-for-gestational-age births (0·92, 0·87-0·97; p=0·03), and 6-month mortality (0·71, 0·60-0·86; p=0·04) in anaemic pregnant women (haemoglobin <110g/L) as compared with non-anaemic pregnant women. Multiple micronutrient supplements also had a greater effect on preterm births among underweight pregnant women (BMI <18·5 kg/m2; RR 0·84, 95% CI 0·78-0·91; p=0·01). Initiation of multiple micronutrient supplements before 20 weeks gestation provided greater reductions in preterm birth (RR 0·89, 95% CI 0·85-0·93; p=0·03). Generally, the survival and birth outcome effects of multiple micronutrient supplementation were greater with high adherence (≥95%) to supplementation. Multiple micronutrient supplements did not significantly increase the risk of stillbirth or neonatal, 6-month, or infant mortality, neither overall or in any of the 26 examined subgroups. INTERPRETATION Antenatal multiple micronutrient supplements improved survival for female neonates and provided greater birth-outcome benefits for infants born to undernourished and anaemic pregnant women. Early initiation in pregnancy and high adherence to multiple micronutrient supplements also provided greater overall benefits. Studies should now aim to elucidate the mechanisms accounting for differences in the effect of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplements on infant health by maternal nutrition status and sex. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Smith
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anuraj H Shankar
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Summit Institute of Development, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Lee S-F Wu
- The JiVitA Project, Johns Hopkins University in Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh; Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Said Aboud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Seth Adu-Afarwuah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Hasmot Ali
- The JiVitA Project, Johns Hopkins University in Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh; Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rina Agustina
- Summit Institute of Development, Mataram, Indonesia; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shams Arifeen
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Per Ashorn
- Centre for Child Health Research and Department of Paediatrics, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Center for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Parul Christian
- The JiVitA Project, Johns Hopkins University in Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh; Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition and Program in International and Community Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Henrik Friis
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Exnevia Gomo
- College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Piyush Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Pernille Kæstel
- Department of Nutrition Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick Kolsteren
- Nutrition and Child Health Unit, Department of Public Health, Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; Faculty of Bio-science engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Hermann Lanou
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Gernard Msamanga
- Department of Community Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Lars-Åke Persson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Juan A Rivera
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Arjumand Rizvi
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - H P S Sachdev
- Pediatric and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Sitar am Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Willy Urassa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Keith P West
- The JiVitA Project, Johns Hopkins University in Bangladesh, Gaibandha, Bangladesh; Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noel Zagre
- UNICEF Regional Office for West and Central Africa, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Lingxia Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhonghai Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher R Sudfeld
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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138
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Hosnedlova B, Kepinska M, Skalickova S, Fernandez C, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Malevu TD, Sochor J, Baron M, Melcova M, Zidkova J, Kizek R. A Summary of New Findings on the Biological Effects of Selenium in Selected Animal Species-A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2209. [PMID: 29065468 PMCID: PMC5666889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element important for many physiological processes, especially for the functions of immune and reproductive systems, metabolism of thyroid hormones, as well as antioxidant defense. Selenium deficiency is usually manifested by an increased incidence of retention of placenta, metritis, mastitis, aborts, lowering fertility and increased susceptibility to infections. In calves, lambs and kids, the selenium deficiency demonstrates by WMD (white muscle disease), in foals and donkey foals, it is associated with incidence of WMD and yellow fat disease, and in pigs it causes VESD (vitamin E/selenium deficiency) syndrome. The prevention of these health disorders can be achieved by an adequate selenium supplementation to the diet. The review summarizes the survey of knowledge on selenium, its biological significance in the organism, the impact of its deficiency in mammalian livestock (comparison of ruminants vs. non-ruminants, herbivore vs. omnivore) and possibilities of its peroral administration. The databases employed were as follows: Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Hosnedlova
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic.
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Sylvie Skalickova
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Carlos Fernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB107GJ, UK.
| | - Branislav Ruttkay-Nedecky
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Jiri Sochor
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic.
| | - Mojmir Baron
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, CZ-691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic.
| | - Magdalena Melcova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jarmila Zidkova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Central Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
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139
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Huayanay-Espinoza CA, Quispe R, Poterico JA, Carrillo-Larco RM, Bazo-Alvarez JC, Miranda JJ. Parity and Overweight/Obesity in Peruvian Women. Prev Chronic Dis 2017; 14:E102. [PMID: 29072986 PMCID: PMC5662294 DOI: 10.5888/pcd14.160282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rise in noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors in developing countries may have changed or intensified the effect of parity on obesity. We aimed to assess this association in Peruvian women using data from a nationally representative survey. Methods We used data from Peru’s Demographic and Health Survey, 2012. Parity was defined as the number of children ever born to a woman. We defined overweight as having a body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) of 25.0 to 29.9 and obesity as a BMI ≥30.0. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the association between parity and BMI and BMI categories, by area of residence and age, adjusting for confounders. Results Data from 16,082 women were analyzed. Mean parity was 2.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.17–2.33) among rural women and 1.40 (95% CI, 1.36–1.43) among urban women. Mean BMI was 26.0 (standard deviation, 4.6). We found evidence of an association between parity and BMI, particularly in younger women; BMI was up to 4 units higher in rural areas and 2 units higher in urban areas. An association between parity and BMI categories was observed in rural areas as a gradient, being highest in younger women. Conclusion We found a positive association between parity and overweight/obesity. This relationship was stronger in rural areas and among younger mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Huayanay-Espinoza
- CRONICAS Centro de Excelencia en Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Renato Quispe
- CRONICAS Centro de Excelencia en Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Julio A Poterico
- CRONICAS Centro de Excelencia en Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco
- CRONICAS Centro de Excelencia en Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan Carlos Bazo-Alvarez
- CRONICAS Centro de Excelencia en Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Centro de Excelencia en Enfermedades Crónicas, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Ave Armendáriz 497, 2do piso, Miraflores, Lima 18, Peru. .,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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140
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Placek C. A test of four evolutionary hypotheses of pregnancy food cravings: evidence for the social bargaining model. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170243. [PMID: 29134058 PMCID: PMC5666241 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The onset of cravings for items not typically desired is often considered a hallmark of pregnancy. Given the ubiquity of cravings, this phenomenon remains surprisingly understudied. The current study tested four hypotheses of pregnancy food cravings: behavioural immune system, nutrient seeking, resource scarcity and social bargaining. The research took place in Tamil Nadu, South India, with pregnant women residing in rural villages (N = 94). Methods included structured interviews and anthropometric measures. Findings revealed that unripe mango and unripe tamarind were the two most frequently mentioned food cravings among this population, but were not sufficiently supported by the a priori models. Results confirmed that the social bargaining model was the best explanation for the etic category of toxic/pathogenic food items, suggesting that pregnant women crave dangerous foods when experiencing heightened social pressures. Finally, toxicity/pathogenicity was a confounding factor for the nutrient seeking and resource scarcity models, calling into question the validity of these models in adverse environments. Overall, these findings present important implications for research on pregnancy food cravings, such that in resource-scarce and pathogen-dense environments, cravings might target teratogenic items that signal a need for increased social support.
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141
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Maduray K, Moodley J, Soobramoney C, Moodley R, Naicker T. Elemental analysis of serum and hair from pre-eclamptic South African women. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 43:180-186. [PMID: 28325649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder that is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. It has been proposed that specific trace and macro elements associated with antioxidant activities may also play a contributory role in aetiology of pre-eclampsia. The aim of this study was to measure the concentrations of thirteen different elements in hair and serum samples from women with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia and compare them with normotensive controls. Venous blood and pubic hair samples were collected from forty-three pre-eclamptic and twenty-three normotensive pregnant women. In each sample, the concentration of arsenic (As); calcium (Ca); cadmium (Cd); chromium (Cr); cobalt (Co); magnesium (Mg); manganese (Mn); iron (Fe); copper (Cu); lead (Pb); selenium (Se); nickel (Ni); zinc (Zn) were measured using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Cobalt concentration in hair was significantly lower in the pre-eclampsia group (1.56±0.74μg/g) compared to the normotensive group (2.89±4.99μg/g) (p=0.02). The concentrations of Zn and Cr were significantly higher in hair samples from the pre-eclamptic group, compared to the normotensive control group (Zn, 395.99±48.60 vs 330.88±29.70μg/g; Cr, 13.31±2.67 vs 11.05±7.62μg/g: p≤0.05). There were no significant differences in the hair levels of other elements between groups. Serum Zn was significantly higher in the pre-eclamptic group (0.16-253.4mg/L) compared to the normotensive group (0.2-48.4mg/L) (p=0.01). Serum Ca, Co, Cu, Mg, Mn and Se levels were found to be significantly lower in the pre-eclamptic group compared to the normotensive group (p<0.05). This study confirms the association between pre-eclampsia and maternal trace as well as macro element levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Maduray
- Optics and Imaging Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - J Moodley
- Womens' Health and HIV Research Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - C Soobramoney
- Optics and Imaging Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - R Moodley
- Department of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - T Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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142
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Khayat S, Fanaei H, Ghanbarzehi A. Minerals in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Review Article. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:QE01-QE05. [PMID: 29207789 PMCID: PMC5713811 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/28485.10626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrients (include vitamins and minerals) are essential for normal function, growth and development. Minerals have important effects on the health of the mother and foetus. But biological mechanisms of minerals are not completely understood. Micronutrient deficiency during pregnancy can lead to anaemia, hypertension, obstetric complications and even maternal death and in foetus lead to a fail in growth and development. Mineral deficiency during pregnancy, particularly exist in developing countries. During pregnancy due to the increased demands caused by physiological changes, deficiency is exaggerated and as a result its complications occur. Thus, ensuring to receive enough macronutrients and micronutrients before and during pregnancy, is important. Nevertheless, there are controversies regarding administrating supplements. There are not enough studies about some of the minerals and the challenges remain. Regarding the importance of minerals in pregnancy and lactation, in this review we will analyze the role of them in pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Khayat
- Ph.D. Student in Reproductive Health, Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Fanaei
- Pregnancy Health Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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143
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Shen M, Tan H, Zhou S, Smith GN, Walker MC, Wen SW. Trajectory of blood pressure change during pregnancy and the role of pre-gravid blood pressure: a functional data analysis approach. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6227. [PMID: 28740155 PMCID: PMC5524922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to examine the blood pressure (BP) trajectory during pregnancy and its association with pre-gravid BP level. In a pre-conception cohort study, newly-married women in Liuyang, China underwent pre-gravid measurements and were followed throughout the pregnancy. BP was measured at pre-conception and again throughout pregnancy. The functional principal component analysis was used to examine the trajectory of BP changes during pregnancy. A total of 1282 women with a singleton pregnancy who had both pre-conception and gestational BP measurements performed were included in the final analysis. The results showed that BP decreased significantly in early pregnancy and increased thereafter, without BP drop around 20 weeks of gestation. Pre-gravid BP level was inversely associated with the BP drop in early pregnancy, such that women with higher pre-gravid BP had greater BP drop at the beginning, while women with the lowest pre-gravid BP level demonstrated no obvious BP drop throughout the entire pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxue Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,OMNI Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongzhuan Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shujin Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, Liuyang Maternal and Child Hospital, Liuyang, Hunan, China
| | - Graeme N Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark C Walker
- OMNI Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,School of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,OMNI Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,School of Epidemiology, Public Health, and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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144
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Romero R, Erez O, Maymon E, Chaemsaithong P, Xu Z, Pacora P, Chaiworapongsa T, Done B, Hassan SS, Tarca AL. The maternal plasma proteome changes as a function of gestational age in normal pregnancy: a longitudinal study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 217:67.e1-67.e21. [PMID: 28263753 PMCID: PMC5813489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnancy is accompanied by dramatic physiological changes in maternal plasma proteins. Characterization of the maternal plasma proteome in normal pregnancy is an essential step for understanding changes to predict pregnancy outcome. The objective of this study was to describe maternal plasma proteins that change in abundance with advancing gestational age and determine biological processes that are perturbed in normal pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN A longitudinal study included 43 normal pregnancies that had a term delivery of an infant who was appropriate for gestational age without maternal or neonatal complications. For each pregnancy, 3 to 6 maternal plasma samples (median, 5) were profiled to measure the abundance of 1125 proteins using multiplex assays. Linear mixed-effects models with polynomial splines were used to model protein abundance as a function of gestational age, and the significance of the association was inferred via likelihood ratio tests. Proteins considered to be significantly changed were defined as having the following: (1) >1.5-fold change between 8 and 40 weeks of gestation; and (2) a false discovery rate-adjusted value of P < .1. Gene ontology enrichment analysis was used to identify biological processes overrepresented among the proteins that changed with advancing gestation. RESULTS The following results were found: (1) Ten percent (112 of 1125) of the profiled proteins changed in abundance as a function of gestational age; (2) of the 1125 proteins analyzed, glypican-3, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin-6, placental growth factor, C-C motif-28, carbonic anhydrase 6, prolactin, interleukin-1 receptor 4, dual-specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase 4, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A had more than a 5-fold change in abundance across gestation (these 9 proteins are known to be involved in a wide range of both physiological and pathological processes, such as growth regulation, embryogenesis, angiogenesis immunoregulation, inflammation etc); and (3) biological processes associated with protein changes in normal pregnancy included defense response, defense response to bacteria, proteolysis, and leukocyte migration (false discovery rate, 10%). CONCLUSION The plasma proteome of normal pregnancy demonstrates dramatic changes in both the magnitude of changes and the fraction of the proteins involved. Such information is important to understand the physiology of pregnancy and the development of biomarkers to differentiate normal vs abnormal pregnancy and determine the response to interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Eli Maymon
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Zhonghui Xu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Bogdan Done
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Adi L Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.
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145
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Metabolic profiling of stages of healthy pregnancy in Hu sheep using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Theriogenology 2017; 92:121-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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146
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Dalto DB, Lapointe J, Matte JJ. Assessment of antioxidative and selenium status by seleno-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity in different blood fractions using a pig model: issues for clinical nutrition and research. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:184-193. [PMID: 28304104 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Blood seleno-dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGPX) activity is widely used as a metabolic indicator of systemic antioxidative status despite inconsistent responses in the literature. This study aimed to compare SeGPX activity profiles in different blood fractions, expressed with different reference units, and assess their impact on interpretation of results. Two studies on selenium (Se) metabolism in gilts, including long-term and peri-oestrus SeGPX activity profiles, were submitted to analysis of variance with double repeated measures, after data set standardization. Differences between studies were experimental period (three post-pubertal oestrus or five post-pubertal oestrus +30 days of gestation) and sample type (whole blood or blood plasma). No difference was observed between whole-blood long-term profiles (three oestrus) for SeGPX activity/mg haemoglobin (SeGPXhb) vs. SeGPX activity/ml whole blood (SeGPXwb; p = 0.29). No long-term difference was observed in whole blood between profiles according to dietary Se provision (basal and dietary Se-supplemented groups; p ≥ 0.12). Blood plasma long-term profiles (five oestrus + 30 days gestation) for SeGPX/mg blood plasma protein (SeGPXpro) were different from SeGPX/ml blood plasma (SeGPXpla) according or not to Se provision (p ≤ 0.007 and p < 0.001 respectively). However, regardless of Se provision (p ≥ 0.80), when excluding gestation from the model, blood plasma profiles were similar. During the peri-oestrus period (day -4 to +3), regardless of Se provision, SeGPX activity profiles differed according to reference units in both studies (p < 0.001). However, considering Se provision, similar profiles were observed in whole blood and blood plasma (p ≥ 0.27) for basal Se groups, whereas in Se-supplemented groups they differed for both sample types (p ≤ 0.02). In conclusion, reference units influence interpretation of SeGPX activity according to physiological state. During oxidative stress periods, this effect depends upon dietary Se provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Dalto
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Lapointe
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - J-J Matte
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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147
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van Stuijvenberg ME, Schoeman SE, Nel J, Lombard CJ, Dhansay MA. Serum retinol in post-partum mothers and newborns from an impoverished South African community where liver is frequently eaten and vitamin A deficiency is absent. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2017; 13:10.1111/mcn.12223. [PMID: 26564246 PMCID: PMC6865866 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Serum retinol was assessed in mothers and newborns from an impoverished South African community where liver is frequently eaten and vitamin A deficiency known to be absent. Paired cord and maternal blood (n = 201) were collected after delivery and analysed for serum retinol and C-reactive protein (CRP). Liver intake during pregnancy and intention to breastfeed were also assessed. Mean serum retinol was 1.03 µmol/L ± 0.40 in mothers and 0.73 ± 0.24 µmol/L in newborns, with 21.4% and 49.3% having serum retinol <0.70 µmol/L (<20 µg/dL), respectively. Raised CRP was found in 59.9% of mothers, with a significant negative correlation between serum retinol and CRP (r = -0.273; p < 0.0001). Liver was eaten by 87.6% of mothers, and 99% indicated their intention to breastfeed. Despite consumption of liver, serum retinol was low in both the mother and the newborn. The conventional cut-off for serum retinol, i.e. <0.70 µmol/L may therefore not apply for the mother and newborn in the period immediately after delivery. Serum retinol may be influenced by factors other than vitamin A status, e.g. the haemodilution of pregnancy, as well as the acute phase response induced by the birth process, as suggested by raised CRP in 60% of mothers. In the newborns, the low serum retinol is likely to increase rapidly, as liver is frequently eaten by mothers and practically all of them intended to breastfeed. Our results confirm the need for better indicators of vitamin A status or alternative cut-off values during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E. van Stuijvenberg
- Nutritional Intervention Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
- Non‐communicable Diseases Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Serina E. Schoeman
- Nutritional Intervention Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Jana Nel
- Integrated Nutrition ProgrammeDepartment of HealthNorthern CapeSouth Africa
| | - Carl J. Lombard
- Biostatistics UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Muhammad A. Dhansay
- Nutritional Intervention Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
- Burden of Disease Research UnitSouth African Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa
- Division of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
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148
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Martin CL, Siega-Riz AM, Sotres-Alvarez D, Robinson WR, Daniels JL, Perrin EM, Stuebe AM. Maternal Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy Are Associated with Child Growth in the First 3 Years of Life. J Nutr 2016; 146:2281-2288. [PMID: 27683873 PMCID: PMC5086788 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.234336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child obesity is a major problem in the United States. Identifying early-life risk factors is necessary for prevention. Maternal diet during pregnancy is a primary source of fetal energy and might influence risk of child obesity. OBJECTIVE We prospectively investigated the influence of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy on child growth in the first 3 y of life in 389 mother-child pairs from the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition study. METHODS Dietary patterns were derived with the use of latent class analysis (LCA) based on maternal diet, collected with the use of a food-frequency questionnaire at 26-29 wk gestation. Associations between maternal dietary patterns and child body mass index (BMI)-for-age z score and overweight or obesity were assessed with the use of linear regression and log-binomial regression, respectively. We used linear mixed models to estimate childhood growth patterns in relation to maternal dietary patterns. RESULTS Three patterns were identified from LCA: 1) fruits, vegetables, refined grains, red and processed meats, pizza, french fries, sweets, salty snacks, and soft drinks (latent class 1); 2) fruits, vegetables, baked chicken, whole-wheat bread, low-fat dairy, and water (latent class 2); and 3) white bread, red and processed meats, fried chicken, french fries, and vitamin C-rich drinks (latent class 3). In crude analyses, the latent class 3 diet was associated with a higher BMI-for-age z score at 1 and 3 y of age and a higher risk of overweight or obesity at 3 y of age than was the latent class 2 diet. These associations were not detectable after adjustment for confounding factors. We observed an inverse association between the latent class 3 diet and BMI-for-age z score at birth after adjustment for confounding factors that was not evident in the crude analysis (latent class 3 compared with latent class 2-β: -0.41; 95% CI: -0.79, -0.03). CONCLUSION In this prospective study, a less-healthy maternal dietary pattern was associated with early childhood weight patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Maria Siega-Riz
- Department of Epidemiology and,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | | | | | | | - Eliana M Perrin
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Alison M Stuebe
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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149
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Mazul AL, Siega-Riz AM, Weinberg CR, Engel SM, Zou F, Carrier KS, Basta PV, Vaksman Z, Maris JM, Diskin SJ, Maxen C, Naranjo A, Olshan AF. A family-based study of gene variants and maternal folate and choline in neuroblastoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27:1209-18. [PMID: 27541142 PMCID: PMC5025391 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-016-0799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer of the sympathetic nervous system with embryonic origins. Previous epidemiologic studies suggest maternal vitamin supplementation during pregnancy reduces the risk of neuroblastoma. We hypothesized offspring and maternal genetic variants in folate-related and choline-related genes are associated with neuroblastoma and modify the effects of maternal intake of folate, choline, and folic acid. METHODS The Neuroblastoma Epidemiology in North America (NENA) study recruited 563 affected children and their parents through the Children's Oncology Group's Childhood Cancer Research Network. We used questionnaires to ascertain pre-pregnancy supplementation and estimate usual maternal dietary intake of folate, choline, and folic acid. We genotyped 955 genetic variants related to folate or choline using DNA extracted from saliva samples and used a log-linear model to estimate both child and maternal risk ratios and stratum-specific risk ratios for gene-environment interactions. RESULTS Overall, no maternal or offspring genotypic results met criteria for a false discovery rate (FDR) Q-value <0.2. Associations were also null for gene-environment interaction with pre-pregnancy vitamin supplementation, dietary folic acid, and folate. FDR-significant gene-choline interactions were found for offspring SNPs rs10489810 and rs9966612 located in MTHFD1L and TYMS, respectively, with maternal choline dietary intake dichotomized at the first quartile. CONCLUSION These results suggest that variants related to one-carbon metabolism are not strongly associated with neuroblastoma. Choline-related variants may play a role; however, the functional consequences of the interacting variants are unknown and require independent replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Mazul
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA.
| | - Anna Maria Siega-Riz
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Clarice R Weinberg
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie M Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn S Carrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
| | - Patricia V Basta
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
- Biospecimen Processing Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zalman Vaksman
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon J Diskin
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charlene Maxen
- Showers Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorder, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Arlene Naranjo
- Department of Biostatistics, Colleges of Medicine and Public Health & Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7435, 2106 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
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150
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Abubakari A, Jahn A. Maternal Dietary Patterns and Practices and Birth Weight in Northern Ghana. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162285. [PMID: 27611597 PMCID: PMC5017622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate maternal nutrition is a key factor for achieving good pregnancy outcomes. Moreover, inadequate dietary intake during pregnancy is considered an important contributor to maternal malnutrition in developing countries. Although some studies have examined the effect of the entire diet on birth outcome, most studies have been very narrow because they considered the effect of single nutrient. The single nutrient approach is a major setback because usually several nutrient deficiencies are more likely to occur than single deficiencies especially in low-income settings. OBJECTIVES The main aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal dietary patterns, and practices and birth weight in Northern Ghana. PARTICIPANT SETTINGS A facility-based cross-sectional survey was performed in two districts in the Northern Region of Ghana. The selected districts were the Tamale Metropolis and Savelugu-Nanton District. These districts were purposively sampled to represent a mix of urban, peri-urban and rural populations, therefore ensuring that the distribution in social groups of the study population was similar to the entire population of the region. In all, 578 mothers who were drawing antenatal and postnatal care services were interviewed using a questionnaire, which asked the mothers about their frequency of consumption of individual foods per week since they became pregnant or when they were pregnant. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We determined dietary patterns by applying a factor analysis with a varimax rotation using STATA. Multivariate analysis was used to establish association between maternal factors and dietary patterns. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between dietary practices and patterns and birth weight. RESULTS Women who ate outside the home twice a week (OR = 1.6 & 95% CI; 1.1-2.45, P; 0.017) and those who practiced 'pica' (OR = 1.7 & 95% CI; 1.16-2.75, P; 0.008) had increased odds for low birth. Two dietary patterns were identified-namely 'health conscious' and 'non-health conscious'. Health conscious diet (OR = 0.23 95% CI 0.12-0.45 per standard deviation change in scores, P; <0.0001) and dietary diversity score (OR = 0.10 95% CI 0.04-0.13 per standard deviation change in scores, P; <0.0001) showed a protective effect for low birth weight respectively after adjusting for gestational age. CONCLUSION Mothers who practiced good nutrition such as consuming foods across and within the various food groups were less likely to have low birth weight babies. Our findings buttress the importance of optimal nutrition during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulai Abubakari
- Community Nutrition Department, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Jahn
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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