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Nuñez-Borque E, Fernandez-Bravo S, Yuste-Montalvo A, Esteban V. Pathophysiological, Cellular, and Molecular Events of the Vascular System in Anaphylaxis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836222. [PMID: 35371072 PMCID: PMC8965328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a systemic hypersensitivity reaction that can be life threatening. Mechanistically, it results from the immune activation and release of a variety of mediators that give rise to the signs and symptoms of this pathological event. For years, most of the research in anaphylaxis has focused on the contribution of the immune component. However, approaches that shed light on the participation of other cellular and molecular agents are necessary. Among them, the vascular niche receives the various signals (e.g., histamine) that elicit the range of anaphylactic events. Cardiovascular manifestations such as increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, hypotension, vasoconstriction, and cardiac alterations are crucial in the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis and are highly involved to the development of the most severe cases. Specifically, the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells, and their molecular signaling outcomes play an essential role downstream of the immune reaction. Therefore, in this review, we synthesized the vascular changes observed during anaphylaxis as well as its cellular and molecular components. As the risk of anaphylaxis exists both in clinical procedures and in routine life, increasing our knowledge of the vascular physiology and their molecular mechanism will enable us to improve the clinical management and how to treat or prevent anaphylaxis. Key Message Anaphylaxis, the most severe allergic reaction, involves a variety of immune and non-immune molecular signals that give rise to its pathophysiological manifestations. Importantly, the vascular system is engaged in processes relevant to anaphylactic events such as increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, hypotension, vasoconstriction, and decreased cardiac output. The novelty of this review focuses on the fact that new studies will greatly improve the understanding of anaphylaxis when viewed from a vascular molecular angle and specifically from the endothelium. This knowledge will improve therapeutic options to treat or prevent anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Nuñez-Borque
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Instituto en Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Fernandez-Bravo
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Instituto en Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alma Yuste-Montalvo
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Instituto en Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Esteban
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Instituto en Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
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102
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Choi JU, Zhang X, Hasan MM, Karim M, Chung SW, Alam F, Alqahtani F, Reddy SY, Kim IS, Al-Hilal TA, Byun Y. Targeting angiogenic growth factors using therapeutic glycosaminoglycans on doppel-expressing endothelial cells for blocking angiogenic signaling in cancer. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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103
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Jones JH, Minshall RD. Endothelial Transcytosis in Acute Lung Injury: Emerging Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Physiol 2022; 13:828093. [PMID: 35431977 PMCID: PMC9008570 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.828093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is characterized by widespread inflammation which in its severe form, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), leads to compromise in respiration causing hypoxemia and death in a substantial number of affected individuals. Loss of endothelial barrier integrity, pneumocyte necrosis, and circulating leukocyte recruitment into the injured lung are recognized mechanisms that contribute to the progression of ALI/ARDS. Additionally, damage to the pulmonary microvasculature by Gram-negative and positive bacteria or viruses (e.g., Escherichia coli, SARS-Cov-2) leads to increased protein and fluid permeability and interstitial edema, further impairing lung function. While most of the vascular leakage is attributed to loss of inter-endothelial junctional integrity, studies in animal models suggest that transendothelial transport of protein through caveolar vesicles, known as transcytosis, occurs in the early phase of ALI/ARDS. Here, we discuss the role of transcytosis in healthy and injured endothelium and highlight recent studies that have contributed to our understanding of the process during ALI/ARDS. We also cover potential approaches that utilize caveolar transport to deliver therapeutics to the lungs which may prevent further injury or improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard D. Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Richard D. Minshall,
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104
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Mezu-Ndubuisi OJ, Maheshwari A. Role of the Endothelium in Neonatal Diseases. NEWBORN 2022; 1:44-57. [PMID: 35754998 PMCID: PMC9217741 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In both fetal and neonatal physiologic and pathologic processes in most organs, endothelial cells are known to play critical roles. Although the endothelium is one of the most ubiquitous cell type in the body, the tight adherence to the blood vessel wall has made it difficult to study their diverse function and structure. In this article, we have reviewed endothelial cell origins and explored their heterogeneity in terms of structure, function, developmental changes, and their role in inflammatory and infectious diseases. We have also attempted to evaluate the untapped therapeutic potentials of endothelial cells in neonatal disease. This article comprises various peer-reviewed studies, including ours, and an extensive database literature search from EMBASE, PubMed, and Scopus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olachi J Mezu-Ndubuisi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Akhil Maheshwari
- Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, United States of America
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105
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Liu Z, Zheng X, Wang J. Bioinspired Ice-Binding Materials for Tissue and Organ Cryopreservation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5685-5701. [PMID: 35324185 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of tissues and organs can bring transformative changes to medicine and medical science. In the past decades, limited progress has been achieved, although cryopreservation of tissues and organs has long been intensively pursued. One key reason is that the cryoprotective agents (CPAs) currently used for cell cryopreservation cannot effectively preserve tissues and organs because of their cytotoxicity and tissue destructive effect as well as the low efficiency in controlling ice formation. In stark contrast, nature has its unique ways of controlling ice formation, and many living organisms can effectively prevent freezing damage. Ice-binding proteins (IBPs) are regarded as the essential materials identified in these living organisms for regulating ice nucleation and growth. Note that controversial results have been reported on the utilization of IBPs and their mimics for the cryopreservation of tissues and organs, that is, some groups revealed that IBPs and mimics exhibited unique superiorities in tissues cryopreservation, while other groups showed detrimental effects. In this perspective, we analyze possible reasons for the controversy and predict future research directions in the design and construction of IBP inspired ice-binding materials to be used as new CPAs for tissue cryopreservation after briefly introducing the cryo-injuries and the challenges of conventional CPAs in the cryopreservation of tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Xia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
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106
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Zakharova I, Saaya S, Shevchenko A, Stupnikova A, Zhiven' M, Laktionov P, Stepanova A, Romashchenko A, Yanshole L, Chernonosov A, Volkov A, Kizilova E, Zavjalov E, Chernyavsky A, Romanov A, Karpenko A, Zakian S. Mitomycin-Treated Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells Suitable for Safe Tissue Engineering Approaches. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:772981. [PMID: 35360387 PMCID: PMC8963790 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.772981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we showed that discarded cardiac tissue from the right atrial appendage and right ventricular myocardium is an available source of functional endothelial and smooth muscle cells for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In the study, we aimed to find out what benefits are given by vascular cells from cardiac explants used for seeding on vascular patches engrafted to repair vascular defects in vivo. Additionally, to make the application of these cells safer in regenerative medicine we tested an in vitro approach that arrested mitotic division to avoid the potential tumorigenic effect of dividing cells. A tissue-engineered construction in the form of a patch based on a polycaprolactone-gelatin scaffold and seeded with endothelial and smooth muscle cells was implanted into the abdominal aorta of immunodeficient SCID mice. Aortic patency was assessed using ultrasound, MRI, immunohistochemical and histological staining. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells were treated with mitomycin C at a therapeutic concentration of 10 μg/ml for 2 h with subsequent analysis of cell proliferation and function. The absence of the tumorigenic effect of mitomycin C-treated cells, as well as their angiogenic potential, was examined by injecting them into immunodeficient mice. Cell-containing patches engrafted in the abdominal aorta of immunodeficient mice form the vessel wall loaded with the appropriate cells and extracellular matrix, and do not interfere with normal patency. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells treated with mitomycin C show no tumorigenic effect in the SCID immunodeficient mouse model. During in vitro experiments, we have shown that treatment with mitomycin C does not lead to a decrease in cell viability. Despite the absence of proliferation, mitomycin C-treated vascular cells retain specific cell markers, produce specific extracellular matrix, and demonstrate the ability to stimulate angiogenesis in vivo. We pioneered an approach to arresting cell division with mitomycin C in endothelial and smooth muscle cells from cardiac explant, which prevents the risk of malignancy from dividing cells in vascular surgery. We believe that this approach to the fabrication of tissue-engineered constructs based on mitotically inactivated cells from waste postoperative material may be valuable to bring closer the development of safe cell products for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Zakharova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- *Correspondence: Irina Zakharova,
| | - Shoraan Saaya
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Shevchenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alena Stupnikova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Deparment of Natural Science, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria Zhiven'
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel Laktionov
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alena Stepanova
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Romashchenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Yanshole
- International Tomography Center,The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Chernonosov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Volkov
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Kizilova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Deparment of Natural Science, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenii Zavjalov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Chernyavsky
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Romanov
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey Karpenko
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Suren Zakian
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- E.N. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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107
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Martínez-Salazar B, Holwerda M, Stüdle C, Piragyte I, Mercader N, Engelhardt B, Rieben R, Döring Y. COVID-19 and the Vasculature: Current Aspects and Long-Term Consequences. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:824851. [PMID: 35242762 PMCID: PMC8887620 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.824851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in December 2019 as a novel respiratory pathogen and is the causative agent of Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Early on during this pandemic, it became apparent that SARS-CoV-2 was not only restricted to infecting the respiratory tract, but the virus was also found in other tissues, including the vasculature. Individuals with underlying pre-existing co-morbidities like diabetes and hypertension have been more prone to develop severe illness and fatal outcomes during COVID-19. In addition, critical clinical observations made in COVID-19 patients include hypercoagulation, cardiomyopathy, heart arrythmia, and endothelial dysfunction, which are indicative for an involvement of the vasculature in COVID-19 pathology. Hence, this review summarizes the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the vasculature and details how the virus promotes (chronic) vascular inflammation. We provide a general overview of SARS-CoV-2, its entry determinant Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme II (ACE2) and the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 in extrapulmonary tissue. Further, we describe the relation between COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their impact on the heart and vasculature. Clinical findings on endothelial changes during COVID-19 are reviewed in detail and recent evidence from in vitro studies on the susceptibility of endothelial cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection is discussed. We conclude with current notions on the contribution of cardiovascular events to long term consequences of COVID-19, also known as “Long-COVID-syndrome”. Altogether, our review provides a detailed overview of the current perspectives of COVID-19 and its influence on the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Martínez-Salazar
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melle Holwerda
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Stüdle
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Indre Piragyte
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Bern Center of Precision Medicine BCPM, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Robert Rieben
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Division of Angiology, Swiss Cardiovascular Center, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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108
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Wälchli T, Farnhammer F, Fish JE. MicroRNA-Based Regulation of Embryonic Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity at Single-Cell Resolution. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:343-347. [PMID: 35196110 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wälchli
- Group Brain Vasculature and Perivascular Niche, Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.W., F.F.).,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.W., F.F.).,Group of CNS Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Neuroscience Center Zurich, and Division of Neurosurgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland (T.W., F.F.).,Division of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (T.W., F.F.)
| | - Fiona Farnhammer
- Group Brain Vasculature and Perivascular Niche, Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.W., F.F.).,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (T.W., F.F.).,Group of CNS Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Neuroscience Center Zurich, and Division of Neurosurgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland (T.W., F.F.).,Division of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland (T.W., F.F.).,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine (F.F.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason E Fish
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine (J.E.F.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (J.E.F.), University Health Network, Ontario, Canada.,Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (J.E.F.), University Health Network, Ontario, Canada
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109
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Ayoub NM, Jaradat SK, Al-Shami KM, Alkhalifa AE. Targeting Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives of Novel Anti-Angiogenic Approaches. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:838133. [PMID: 35281942 PMCID: PMC8913593 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.838133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a vital process for the growth and dissemination of solid cancers. Numerous molecular pathways are known to drive angiogenic switch in cancer cells promoting the growth of new blood vessels and increased incidence of distant metastasis. Several angiogenesis inhibitors are clinically available for the treatment of different types of advanced solid cancers. These inhibitors mostly belong to monoclonal antibodies or small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the classical vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors. Nevertheless, breast cancer is one example of solid tumors that had constantly failed to respond to angiogenesis inhibitors in terms of improved survival outcomes of patients. Accordingly, it is of paramount importance to assess the molecular mechanisms driving angiogenic signaling in breast cancer to explore suitable drug targets that can be further investigated in preclinical and clinical settings. This review summarizes the current evidence for the effect of clinically available anti-angiogenic drugs in breast cancer treatment. Further, major mechanisms associated with intrinsic or acquired resistance to anti-VEGF therapy are discussed. The review also describes evidence from preclinical and clinical studies on targeting novel non-VEGF angiogenic pathways in breast cancer and several approaches to the normalization of tumor vasculature by targeting pericytes, utilization of microRNAs and extracellular tumor-associate vesicles, using immunotherapeutic drugs, and nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehad M. Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
- *Correspondence: Nehad M. Ayoub,
| | - Sara K. Jaradat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Kamal M. Al-Shami
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Amer E. Alkhalifa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
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110
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Jung O, Tung YT, Sim E, Chen YC, Lee E, Ferrer M, Song MJ. Development of human-derived, three-dimensional respiratory epithelial tissue constructs with perfusable microvasculature on a high-throughput microfluidics screening platform. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35166694 PMCID: PMC10053540 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac32a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for human respiratory tract-based assay platforms for efficient discovery and development of antivirals and disease-modulating therapeutics. Physiologically relevant tissue models of the lower respiratory tract (LRT), including the respiratory bronchioles and the alveolar sacs, are of high interest because they are the primary site of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and are most affected during the terminal stage of COVID-19. Current epithelial lung models used to study respiratory viral infections include lung epithelial cells at the air-liquid interface (ALI) with fibroblasts and endothelial cells, but such models do not have a perfusable microvascular network to investigate both viral infectivity and viral infection-induced thrombotic events. Using a high throughput, 64-chip microfluidic plate-based platform, we have developed two novel vascularized, LRT multi-chip models for the alveoli and the small airway. Both models include a perfusable microvascular network consisting of human primary microvascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts and pericytes. The established biofabrication protocols also enable the formation of differentiated lung epithelial layers at the ALI on top of the vascularized tissue bed. We validated the physiologically relevant cellular composition, architecture and perfusion of the vascularized lung tissue models using fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and electrical resistance measurements. These vascularized, perfusable microfluidic lung tissue on high throughput assay platforms will enable the development of respiratory viral infection and disease models for research investigation and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olive Jung
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Laboratory, Department of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America.,Biomedical Ultrasonics, Biotherapy and Biopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yen-Ting Tung
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Laboratory, Department of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Esther Sim
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Laboratory, Department of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Yu-Chi Chen
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Laboratory, Department of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Emily Lee
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Laboratory, Department of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Marc Ferrer
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Laboratory, Department of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
| | - Min Jae Song
- 3D Tissue Bioprinting Laboratory, Department of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States of America
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111
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Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020427. [PMID: 35203636 PMCID: PMC8962267 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains a challenging disease to treat, despite well-established standard-of-care treatments, with a median survival consistently of less than 2 years. In this review, we delineate the unique disease-specific challenges for immunotherapies, both brain-related and non-brain-related, which will need to be adequately overcome for the development of effective treatments. We also review current immunotherapy treatments, with a focus on clinical applications, and propose future directions for the field of GBM immunotherapy.
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112
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Gupta RM, Plutzky J. The Aging Aorta: Are We Only as Old as Our Endothelium? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:172-174. [PMID: 35080899 PMCID: PMC9741947 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajat M. Gupta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jorge Plutzky
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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113
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Langston JC, Rossi MT, Yang Q, Ohley W, Perez E, Kilpatrick LE, Prabhakarpandian B, Kiani MF. Omics of endothelial cell dysfunction in sepsis. VASCULAR BIOLOGY (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 4:R15-R34. [PMID: 35515704 PMCID: PMC9066943 DOI: 10.1530/vb-22-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During sepsis, defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction due to dysregulated host response to infection, systemic inflammation activates endothelial cells and initiates a multifaceted cascade of pro-inflammatory signaling events, resulting in increased permeability and excessive recruitment of leukocytes. Vascular endothelial cells share many common properties but have organ-specific phenotypes with unique structure and function. Thus, therapies directed against endothelial cell phenotypes are needed to address organ-specific endothelial cell dysfunction. Omics allow for the study of expressed genes, proteins and/or metabolites in biological systems and provide insight on temporal and spatial evolution of signals during normal and diseased conditions. Proteomics quantifies protein expression, identifies protein-protein interactions and can reveal mechanistic changes in endothelial cells that would not be possible to study via reductionist methods alone. In this review, we provide an overview of how sepsis pathophysiology impacts omics with a focus on proteomic analysis of mouse endothelial cells during sepsis/inflammation and its relationship with the more clinically relevant omics of human endothelial cells. We discuss how omics has been used to define septic endotype signatures in different populations with a focus on proteomic analysis in organ-specific microvascular endothelial cells during sepsis or septic-like inflammation. We believe that studies defining septic endotypes based on proteomic expression in endothelial cell phenotypes are urgently needed to complement omic profiling of whole blood and better define sepsis subphenotypes. Lastly, we provide a discussion of how in silico modeling can be used to leverage the large volume of omics data to map response pathways in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C Langston
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Qingliang Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Ohley
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edwin Perez
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laurie E Kilpatrick
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Balabhaskar Prabhakarpandian
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohammad F Kiani
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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114
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Locatelli L, Inglebert M, Scrimieri R, Sinha PK, Zuccotti GV, Milani P, Bureau L, Misbah C, Maier JAM. Human endothelial cells in high glucose: New clues from culture in 3D microfluidic chips. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22137. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100914r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Locatelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco Università di Milano Milano Italy
| | | | - Roberta Scrimieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco Università di Milano Milano Italy
| | | | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco Università di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa) Università di Milano Milano Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “A. Pontremoli” Università di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Lionel Bureau
- LIPhy, CNRS Université Grenoble‐Alpes Grenoble France
| | | | - Jeanette A. M. Maier
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco Università di Milano Milano Italy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa) Università di Milano Milano Italy
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115
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Native and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins Increase the Expression of the LDL Receptor and the LOX-1 Receptor, Respectively, in Arterial Endothelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020204. [PMID: 35053320 PMCID: PMC8774144 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic artery disease is the major cause of death and an immense burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The formation of atherosclerotic plaques is promoted by high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the blood, especially in the oxidized form. Circulating LDL is taken up by conventional and non-classical endothelial cell receptors and deposited in the vessel wall. The exact mechanism of LDL interaction with vascular endothelial cells is not fully understood. Moreover, it appears to depend on the type and location of the vessel affected and the receptor involved. Here, we analyze how native LDL (nLDL) and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) modulate the expression of their receptors-classical LDLR and alternative LOX-1-in endothelial cells derived from human umbilical artery (HUAECs), used as an example of a medium-sized vessel, which is typically affected by atherosclerosis. Exposure of HUAECs to nLDL resulted in moderate nLDL uptake and gradual increase in LDLR, but not LOX-1, expression over 24 h. Conversely, exposure of HUAECs to oxLDL, led to significant accumulation of oxLDL and rapid induction of LOX-1, but not LDLR, within 7 h. These activation processes were associated with phosphorylation of protein kinases ERK1/2 and p38, followed by activation of the transcription factor AP-1 and its binding to the promoters of the respective receptor genes. Both nLDL-induced LDLR mRNA expression and oxLDL-induced LOX-1 mRNA expression were abolished by blocking ERK1/2, p-38 or AP-1. In addition, oxLDL, but not nLDL, was capable of inducing LOX-1 through the NF-κB-controlled pathway. These observations indicate that in arterial endothelial cells nLDL and oxLDL signal mainly via LDLR and LOX-1 receptors, respectively, and engage ERK1/2 and p38 kinases, and AP-1, as well as NF-κB transcription factors to exert feed-forward regulation and increase the expression of these receptors, which may perpetuate endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis.
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116
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McDonald CJ, Blankenheim ZJ, Drewes LR. Brain Endothelial Cells: Metabolic Flux and Energy Metabolism. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 273:59-79. [PMID: 34251530 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) consists of multiple cell types including brain endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and neurons that function collectively to maintain homeostasis within the CNS microenvironment. As the principal barrier-forming component of the NVU, the endothelial cells perform an array of complex functions that require substantial energy resources. The principal metabolic pathways for producing ATP are glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. While previous studies have demonstrated that glycolysis is a primary pathway for most endothelial cells, details about the energy producing pathways of brain endothelial cells are not fully characterized. The contributions of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration to energy metabolism are quantifiable using metabolic flux analysis that measures cellular oxygen consumption and acidification (proton production) in a closed microtiter plate format. ATP production rates are then calculated. The bioenergetics of the human brain microvascular endothelial cell line, hCMEC/D3, indicate that these cells exhibit relatively elevated rates of glycolytic flux and glycolytic ATP production, thus confirming their glycolytic nature even in the presence of abundant oxygen. Furthermore, energy producing pathways involving mitochondrial respiration are relatively low, although contributing significantly to total ATP production. Interestingly, the bioenergetics of the hCMEC/D3 cells are relatively similar to those of human primary brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBVECs). These findings allow a quantitative understanding of the bioenergetics of brain endothelial cells in a cultured and proliferative state and also provide a platform for comparative studies of disease states and conditions involving exposures to drugs or metabolic disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cade J McDonald
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Duluth Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Zachery J Blankenheim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Duluth Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Lester R Drewes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Duluth Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA.
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117
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Lan J, Zhang H, Zhao H, Liu L, Shi Q, Li D, Ju X. Cord Blood Natural Killer Cells Inhibit Sepsis Caused by Feces-Induced Acute Peritonitis via Increasing Endothelium Integrity. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221090257. [PMID: 35438589 PMCID: PMC9021520 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221090257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is associated with acute peritonitis, which can be induced by lipopolysaccharide exposure and feces. Generally, lipopolysaccharide induces mono-microbial peritonitis, whereas feces cause poly-microbial peritonitis; the latter is a more complicated and closer to the clinical diseases. Although several reports have discussed the mechanism of immune response in peritonitis-induced sepsis, however, the role of natural killer (NK) cells in sepsis, especially the relationship between NK cells and stabilization of the vascular endothelial barrier, is still unclear. Accordingly, in this study, we assessed the roles of NK cells in an acute sepsis model in mice. NK cells were injected via the tail vein into mice with acute sepsis, and nitric oxide (NO), anti-inflammatory cytokine, and angiogenic factors were tested to explore the effects of NK cells on sepsis. The survival rate of septic model mice infused with NK cells was significantly improved compared with the control group. Interestingly, the levels of NO, interleukin-10, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) decreased in NK cells therapy group. After the injection of NK cells, CD31 positive endothelial cells significantly increased in the kidneys and liver, although the expression of VEGF, ANGPT-1, and ET-1 was downregulated. Consistent with our hypothesis, the transfusion of NK cells into mice with sepsis blocked inflammation and increased endothelium integrity. Overall, these findings suggest that NK cells may block sepsis by modulating the VEGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Linghong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuli Ju
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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118
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Jacobsen NL, Norton CE, Shaw RL, Cornelison DDW, Segal SS. Myofibre injury induces capillary disruption and regeneration of disorganized microvascular networks. J Physiol 2022; 600:41-60. [PMID: 34761825 PMCID: PMC8965732 DOI: 10.1113/jp282292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury to skeletal muscle disrupts myofibres and their microvascular supply. While the regeneration of myofibres is well described, little is known of how the microcirculation is affected by skeletal muscle injury or its recovery during regeneration. Nevertheless, the microvasculature must also recover to restore skeletal muscle function. We aimed to define the nature of microvascular damage and time course of repair during muscle injury and regeneration induced by the myotoxin BaCl2 . To test the hypothesis that microvascular disruption occurred secondary to myofibre injury, isolated microvessels were exposed to BaCl2 or the myotoxin was injected into the gluteus maximus (GM) muscle of mice. In isolated microvessels, BaCl2 depolarized smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells while increasing intracellular calcium in SMCs but did not elicit death of either cell type. At 1 day post-injury (dpi) of the GM, capillary fragmentation coincided with myofibre degeneration while arteriolar and venular networks remained intact; neutrophil depletion before injury did not prevent capillary damage. Perfused capillary networks reformed by 5 dpi in association with more terminal arterioles and were dilated through 10 dpi. With no change in microvascular area or branch point number in regenerating capillary networks, fewer capillaries aligned with myofibres and were no longer organized into microvascular units. By 21 dpi, capillary orientation and microvascular unit organization were no longer different from uninjured GM. We conclude that following their disruption secondary to myofibre damage, capillaries regenerate as disorganized networks that remodel into microvascular units as regenerated myofibres mature. KEY POINTS: Skeletal muscle regenerates after injury; however, the nature of microvascular damage and repair is poorly understood. Here, the myotoxin BaCl2 , a standard experimental method of acute skeletal muscle injury, was used to investigate the response of the microcirculation to local injury of intact muscle. Intramuscular injection of BaCl2 induced capillary fragmentation with myofibre degeneration; arteriolar and venular networks remained intact. Direct exposure to BaCl2 did not kill microvascular endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells. Dilated capillary networks reformed by 5 days post-injury (dpi) in association with more terminal arterioles. Capillary orientation remained disorganized through 10 dpi. Capillaries realigned with myofibres and reorganized into microvascular units by 21 dpi, which coincides with the recovery of vasomotor control and maturation of nascent myofibres. Skeletal muscle injury disrupts its capillary supply secondary to myofibre degeneration. Reorganization of regenerating microvascular networks accompanies the recovery of blood flow regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Jacobsen
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Charles E. Norton
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Shaw
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - D. D. W. Cornelison
- Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of MO, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Steven S. Segal
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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119
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Kim BK, Canonica J, Roudnicky F, Westenskow PD. Preventing VEGF-Mediated Vascular Permeability by Experimentally Potentiating BBB Characteristics in Endothelial Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2475:259-274. [PMID: 35451764 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2217-9_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Difficulties with poor reproducibility and translatability of animal model-based research, along with increased efforts to abide by the 3Rs tenet of animal welfare, are driving demand for more relevant human cellular systems. This is especially true for central nervous system (CNS) vasculatures with specialized properties and barriers, namely the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers (BBB and BRB, respectively) which are difficult to model in vitro. The BBB and BRB protect neurovascular units by regulating nutrient homeostasis, maintaining local ion levels, protecting against exposure from circulating toxins and pathogens, and restricting passage of peripheral immune factors. In this manuscript, we will describe transgenic and pharmacological-based protocols to generate relevant BBB and BRB models both from human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (hPSC-ECs) and from primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). When followed, researchers can expect to generate well-characterized, anatomical and functional BBB and BRB EC monolayers in 36-48 h that are stable up to 90 h. The ability to generate more relevant BBB and BRB EC cultures will improve drug discovery efforts and inform future therapies for neurovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyoung Kim
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Canonica
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Filip Roudnicky
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Peter D Westenskow
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
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120
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Ryan AR, Cleaver O. Plumbing our organs: Lessons from vascular development to instruct lab generated tissues. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 148:165-194. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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121
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Dental and Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 Related Mucormycosis: Diagnoses, Management Strategies and Outcomes. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 8:jof8010044. [PMID: 35049983 PMCID: PMC8781413 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been nearly two years since the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected the world. Several innovations and discoveries related to COVID-19 are surfacing every day and new problems associated with the COVID-19 virus are also coming to light. A similar situation is with the emergence of deep invasive fungal infections associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent literature reported the cases of pulmonary and rhino-cerebral fungal infections appearing in patients previously infected by COVID-19. Histopathological analysis of these cases has shown that most of such infections are diagnosed as mucormycosis or aspergillosis. Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis usually affects the maxillary sinus with involvement of maxillary teeth, orbits, and ethmoidal sinuses. Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for both COVID-19 as well as mucormycosis. At this point, there is scanty data on the subject and most of the published literature comprises of either case reports or case series with no long-term data available. The aim of this review paper is to present the characteristics of COVID-19 related mucormycosis and associated clinical features, outcome, diagnostic and management strategies. A prompt diagnosis and aggressive treatment planning can surely benefit these patients.
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122
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Li M, Min Q, Banton MC, Dun X. Single-Cell Regulatory Network Inference and Clustering Identifies Cell-Type Specific Expression Pattern of Transcription Factors in Mouse Sciatic Nerve. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:676515. [PMID: 34955748 PMCID: PMC8693779 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.676515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in single-cell RNA sequencing technologies and bioinformatics methods allow for both the identification of cell types in a complex tissue and the large-scale gene expression profiling of various cell types in a mixture. In this report, we analyzed a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset for the intact adult mouse sciatic nerve and examined cell-type specific transcription factor expression and activity during peripheral nerve homeostasis. In total, we identified 238 transcription factors expressed in nine different cell types of intact mouse sciatic nerve. Vascular smooth muscle cells have the lowest number of transcription factors expressed with 17 transcription factors identified. Myelinating Schwann cells (mSCs) have the highest number of transcription factors expressed, with 61 transcription factors identified. We created a cell-type specific expression map for the identified 238 transcription factors. Our results not only provide valuable information about the expression pattern of transcription factors in different cell types of adult peripheral nerves but also facilitate future studies to understand the function of key transcription factors in the peripheral nerve homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Qing Min
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Matthew C Banton
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Xinpeng Dun
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China.,The Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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123
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Belinskaia DA, Voronina PA, Goncharov NV. Integrative Role of Albumin: Evolutionary, Biochemical and Pathophysiological Aspects. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021; 57:1419-1448. [PMID: 34955553 PMCID: PMC8685822 DOI: 10.1134/s002209302106020x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Being one of the main proteins in the human body and many
animal species, albumin plays a crucial role in the transport of
various ions, electrically neutral molecules and in maintaining
the colloidal osmotic pressure of the blood. Albumin is able to
bind almost all known drugs, many nutraceuticals and toxic substances,
determining their pharmaco- and toxicokinetics. However, albumin
is not only the passive but also the active participant of the pharmacokinetic
and toxicokinetic processes possessing a number of enzymatic activities.
Due to the thiol group of Cys34, albumin can serve as a trap for
reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, thus participating in redox
processes. The interaction of the protein with blood cells, blood
vessels, and also with tissue cells outside the vascular bed is
of great importance. The interaction of albumin with endothelial glycocalyx
and vascular endothelial cells largely determines its integrative
role. This review provides information of a historical nature, information
on evolutionary changes, inflammatory and antioxidant properties
of albumin, on its structural and functional modifications and their significance
in the pathogenesis of some diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Belinskaia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary
Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - P. A. Voronina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary
Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N. V. Goncharov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary
Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Research Institute of Hygiene,
Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, p/o Kuzmolovsky, Vsevolozhsky District, Leningrad
Region, Russia
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124
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Pistrosch F, Matschke JB, Schipp D, Schipp B, Henkel E, Weigmann I, Sradnick J, Bornstein SR, Birkenfeld AL, Hanefeld M. Rivaroxaban compared with low-dose aspirin in individuals with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk: a randomised trial to assess effects on endothelial function, platelet activation and vascular biomarkers. Diabetologia 2021; 64:2701-2712. [PMID: 34495376 PMCID: PMC8563606 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and subclinical inflammation have stimulated coagulation, activated platelets and endothelial dysfunction. Recent studies with the direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban in combination with low-dose aspirin demonstrated a significant reduction of major cardiovascular events, especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes and proven cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we asked the question of whether treatment with rivaroxaban could influence endothelial function, arterial stiffness and platelet activation. METHODS We conducted a multi-centre, prospective, randomised, open-label trial in 179 participants with type 2 diabetes (duration 2-20 years), subclinical inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein 2-10 mg/l) and at least two traits of the metabolic syndrome to compare the effects of the direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily) vs aspirin (100 mg every day) on endothelial function (assessed by forearm occlusion plethysmography), skin blood flow (assessed by laser-Doppler fluxmetry), arterial stiffness (assessed by pulse wave velocity) and serum biomarkers of endothelial function and inflammation. Furthermore, we investigated phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) in platelets, the concentration of platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) and the effects of isolated PMPs on HUVEC proliferation in vitro. RESULTS Rivaroxaban treatment for 20 weeks (n = 89) resulted in a significant improvement of post-ischaemic forearm blood flow (3.6 ± 4.7 vs 1.0 ± 5.2 ml/100 ml, p = 0.004), a numerically increased skin blood flow and reduced soluble P-Selectin plasma level vs aspirin. We did not find significant differences of arterial stiffness or further biomarkers. Neither rivaroxaban nor aspirin influenced VASP phosphorylation of platelets. The number of PMPs increased significantly with both rivaroxaban (365.2 ± 372.1 vs 237.4 ± 157.1 μl-1, p = 0.005) and aspirin (266.0 ± 212.7 vs 201.7 ± 162.7 μl-1, p = 0.021). PMPs of rivaroxaban-treated participants stimulated HUVEC proliferation in vitro compared with aspirin. Rivaroxaban was associated with a higher number of bleeding events. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that the direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban improved endothelial function in participants with type 2 diabetes and subclinical inflammation but also increased the risk of bleeding. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02164578. FUNDING The study was supported by a research grant from Bayer Vital AG, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Pistrosch
- Medical Clinic III, Universitätsklinikum 'Carl Gustav Carus', Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jan B Matschke
- Medical Clinic III, Universitätsklinikum 'Carl Gustav Carus', Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Schipp
- Faculty of Business and Economics, Department of Quantitative Methods, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ingo Weigmann
- Medical Clinic III, Universitätsklinikum 'Carl Gustav Carus', Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Sradnick
- Medical Clinic III, Universitätsklinikum 'Carl Gustav Carus', Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Medical Clinic III, Universitätsklinikum 'Carl Gustav Carus', Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Internal Medicine IV, Universitätsklinikum Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Markolf Hanefeld
- Medical Clinic III, Universitätsklinikum 'Carl Gustav Carus', Dresden, Germany
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125
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Ivanova E, Corona C, Eleftheriou CG, Stout RF, Körbelin J, Sagdullaev BT. AAV-BR1 targets endothelial cells in the retina to reveal their morphological diversity and to deliver Cx43. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:1302-1317. [PMID: 34811744 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are key players in the development and maintenance of the vascular tree, the establishment of the blood-brain barrier and control of blood flow. Disruption in ECs is an early and active component of vascular pathogenesis. However, our ability to selectively target ECs in the CNS for identification and manipulation is limited. Here, in the mouse retina, a tractable model of the CNS, we utilized a recently developed AAV-BR1 system to identify distinct classes of ECs along the vascular tree using a GFP reporter. We then developed an inducible EC-specific ectopic Connexin 43 (Cx43) expression system using AAV-BR1-CAG-DIO-Cx43-P2A-DsRed2 in combination with a mouse line carrying inducible CreERT2 in ECs. We targeted Cx43 because its loss has been implicated in microvascular impairment in numerous diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and vascular edema. GFP-labeled ECs were numerous, evenly distributed along the vascular tree and their morphology was polarized with respect to the direction of blood flow. After tamoxifen induction, ectopic Cx43 was specifically expressed in ECs. Similarly to endogenous Cx43, ectopic Cx43 was localized at the membrane contacts of ECs and it did not affect tight junction proteins. The ability to enhance gap junctions in ECs provides a precise and potentially powerful tool to treat microcirculation deficits, an early pathology in numerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ivanova
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, New York, USA
| | - Carlo Corona
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA
| | | | - Randy F Stout
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York, USA
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, USA
| | - Botir T Sagdullaev
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, New York, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, New York, USA
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Barnier JP, Meyer J, Kolappan S, Bouzinba-Ségard H, Gesbert G, Jamet A, Frapy E, Schönherr-Hellec S, Capel E, Virion Z, Dupuis M, Bille E, Morand P, Schmitt T, Bourdoulous S, Nassif X, Craig L, Coureuil M. The minor pilin PilV provides a conserved adhesion site throughout the antigenically variable meningococcal type IV pilus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2109364118. [PMID: 34725157 PMCID: PMC8609321 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109364118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis utilizes type IV pili (T4P) to adhere to and colonize host endothelial cells, a process at the heart of meningococcal invasive diseases leading to meningitis and sepsis. T4P are polymers of an antigenically variable major pilin building block, PilE, plus several core minor pilins that initiate pilus assembly and are thought to be located at the pilus tip. Adhesion of N. meningitidis to human endothelial cells requires both PilE and a conserved noncore minor pilin PilV, but the localization of PilV and its precise role in this process remains to be clarified. Here, we show that both PilE and PilV promote adhesion to endothelial vessels in vivo. The substantial adhesion defect observed for pilV mutants suggests it is the main adhesin. Consistent with this observation, superresolution microscopy showed the abundant distribution of PilV throughout the pilus. We determined the crystal structure of PilV and modeled it within the pilus filament. The small size of PilV causes it to be recessed relative to adjacent PilE subunits, which are dominated by a prominent hypervariable loop. Nonetheless, we identified a conserved surface-exposed adhesive loop on PilV by alanine scanning mutagenesis. Critically, antibodies directed against PilV inhibit N. meningitidis colonization of human skin grafts. These findings explain how N. meningitidis T4P undergo antigenic variation to evade the humoral immune response while maintaining their adhesive function and establish the potential of this highly conserved minor pilin as a vaccine and therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of N. meningitidis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Barnier
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
- Service de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Julie Meyer
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Subramania Kolappan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 3Y6, Canada
| | - Haniaa Bouzinba-Ségard
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France
| | - Gaël Gesbert
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Anne Jamet
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
- Service de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Eric Frapy
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Sophia Schönherr-Hellec
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Elena Capel
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Zoé Virion
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Marion Dupuis
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bille
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
- Service de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Philippe Morand
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
- Service de Bactériologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris 75014, France
| | - Taliah Schmitt
- Service de Chirurgie Reconstructrice et Plastique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris 75014, France
| | - Sandrine Bourdoulous
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Paris 75014, France
| | - Xavier Nassif
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
- Service de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Lisa Craig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 3Y6, Canada;
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris 75006, France;
- INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris 75015, France
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Yamazaki Y, Wake H, Nishinaka T, Hatipoglu OF, Liu K, Watanabe M, Toyomura T, Mori S, Yoshino T, Nishibori M, Takahashi H. Involvement of multiple scavenger receptors in advanced glycation end product-induced vessel tube formation in endothelial cells. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112857. [PMID: 34600900 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Toxic advanced glycation end products (toxic AGEs) derived from glycolaldehyde (AGE3) have been implicated in the development of diabetic vascular complications such as retinopathy characterised by excessive angiogenesis. Different receptor types, such as receptor for AGEs (RAGE), Toll like receptor-4 and scavenger receptors, are expressed in endothelial cells and contribute to AGE-elicited alteration of cell function. In the present study, we examined the involvement of AGE-related receptors on AGE-induced angiogenesis in endothelial cells. The effects of pharmacological inhibitors or receptor neutralizing antibodies on AGE3-induced tube formation were investigated using the in vitro Matrigel tube formation assay in b.End5 cells (mouse endothelial cells). AGE3-induced signalling pathways and receptor expression changes were analysed by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry, respectively. Both FPS-ZM1, a RAGE inhibitor, and fucoidan, a ligand for scavenger receptors, suppressed AGE3-induced tube formation. Cocktails of neutralizing antibodies against the scavenger receptors CD36, CD163 and LOX-1 prevented AGE3-induced tube formation. AGE3 activated mTOR signalling, resulting in facilitation of tube formation. Activation of the AGE-RAGE pathway also led to the upregulation of scavenger receptors. Taken together, our findings suggest that the scavenger receptors CD36, CD163 and LOX-1 in conjunction with the RAGE receptor work together to mediate toxic AGE-induced facilitation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Yamazaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hidenori Wake
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishinaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Omer Faruk Hatipoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | | | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takao Toyomura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuji Mori
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshino
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Hideo Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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128
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Padilla S, Nurden AT, Prado R, Nurden P, Anitua E. Healing through the lens of immunothrombosis: Biology-inspired, evolution-tailored, and human-engineered biomimetic therapies. Biomaterials 2021; 279:121205. [PMID: 34710794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Evolution, from invertebrates to mammals, has yielded and shaped immunoclotting as a defense and repair response against trauma and infection. This mosaic of immediate and local wound-sealing and pathogen-killing mechanisms results in survival, restoration of homeostasis, and tissue repair. In mammals, immunoclotting has been complemented with the neuroendocrine system, platelets, and contact system among other embellishments, adding layers of complexity through interconnecting blood-born proteolytic cascades, blood cells, and the neuroendocrine system. In doing so, immunothrombosis endows humans with survival advantages, but entails vulnerabilities in the current unprecedented and increasingly challenging environment. Immunothrombosis and tissue repair appear to go hand in hand with common mechanisms mediating both processes, a fact that is underlined by recent advances that are deciphering the mechanisms of the repair process and of the biochemical pathways that underpins coagulation, hemostasis and thrombosis. This review is intended to frame both the universal aspects of tissue repair and the therapeutic use of autologous fibrin matrix as a biology-as-a-drug approach in the context of the evolutionary changes in coagulation and hemostasis. In addition, we will try to shed some light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the use of the autologous fibrin matrix as a biology-inspired, evolution-tailored, and human-engineered biomimetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Padilla
- Eduardo Anitua Foundation for Biomedical Research, Vitoria, Spain; BTI-Biotechnology Institute ImasD, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Alan T Nurden
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire LIRYC, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France
| | - Roberto Prado
- Eduardo Anitua Foundation for Biomedical Research, Vitoria, Spain; BTI-Biotechnology Institute ImasD, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Paquita Nurden
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire LIRYC, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, France
| | - Eduardo Anitua
- Eduardo Anitua Foundation for Biomedical Research, Vitoria, Spain; BTI-Biotechnology Institute ImasD, Vitoria, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain.
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129
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Pons S, Arrii E, Arnaud M, Loiselle M, Ferry J, Nouacer M, Lion J, Cohen S, Mooney N, Zafrani L. Immunomodulation of endothelial cells induced by macrolide therapy in a model of septic stimulation. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:1656-1669. [PMID: 34636179 PMCID: PMC8589380 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Sepsis is defined as the host's inflammatory response to a life‐threatening infection. The endothelium is implicated in immunoregulation during sepsis. Macrolides have been proposed to display immunomodulatory properties. The goal of this study was to analyze whether macrolides can exert immunomodulation of endothelial cells (ECs) in an experimental model of sepsis. Methods Human ECs were stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide before exposure to macrolides. ECs phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cocultures of ECs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were performed to study the ECs ability to alter T‐cell viability and differentiation in the presence of macrolides. Soluble factor production was assessed. Results ECs act as non‐professional antigen presenting cells and expressed human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigens, the adhesion molecules CD54, CD106, and the coinhibitory molecule CD274 after septic stimulation. Incubation with macrolides induced a significant decrease of HLA class I and HLA class II HLA‐DR on septic‐stimulated ECs, but did not alter either CD54, CD106, nor CD274 expression. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and IL‐8 production by stimulated ECs were unaltered by incubation with macrolides, whereas Clarithromycin exposure significantly decreased IL‐6 gene expression. In cocultures of septic ECs with PBMCs, neither the proportion of CD4 + , CD8 + T nor their viability was altered by macrolides. T‐helper lymphocyte subsets Th1, Th17, and Treg polarization by stimulated ECs were unaltered by macrolides. Conclusion This study reports phenotypic and gene expression changes in septic‐stimulated ECs exposed to macrolides, without resulting in altered immunogenicity of ECs in co‐cultures with PBMCs. In vivo studies may help to further understand the impact of macrolide therapy on ECs immune homeostasis during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Pons
- Human Immunology, Pathophysiology, Immunotherapy (HIPI), INSERM U976, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, GRC 29, AP-HP, DMU DREAM, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Eden Arrii
- Human Immunology, Pathophysiology, Immunotherapy (HIPI), INSERM U976, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marine Arnaud
- Human Immunology, Pathophysiology, Immunotherapy (HIPI), INSERM U976, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maud Loiselle
- Human Immunology, Pathophysiology, Immunotherapy (HIPI), INSERM U976, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Ferry
- Human Immunology, Pathophysiology, Immunotherapy (HIPI), INSERM U976, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Manel Nouacer
- Human Immunology, Pathophysiology, Immunotherapy (HIPI), INSERM U976, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julien Lion
- Human Immunology, Pathophysiology, Immunotherapy (HIPI), INSERM U976, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Shannon Cohen
- Human Immunology, Pathophysiology, Immunotherapy (HIPI), INSERM U976, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nuala Mooney
- Human Immunology, Pathophysiology, Immunotherapy (HIPI), INSERM U976, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lara Zafrani
- Human Immunology, Pathophysiology, Immunotherapy (HIPI), INSERM U976, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Saint-Louis Teaching Hospital, Paris, France
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130
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Hennigs JK, Matuszcak C, Trepel M, Körbelin J. Vascular Endothelial Cells: Heterogeneity and Targeting Approaches. Cells 2021; 10:2712. [PMID: 34685692 PMCID: PMC8534745 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Forming the inner layer of the vascular system, endothelial cells (ECs) facilitate a multitude of crucial physiological processes throughout the body. Vascular ECs enable the vessel wall passage of nutrients and diffusion of oxygen from the blood into adjacent cellular structures. ECs regulate vascular tone and blood coagulation as well as adhesion and transmigration of circulating cells. The multitude of EC functions is reflected by tremendous cellular diversity. Vascular ECs can form extremely tight barriers, thereby restricting the passage of xenobiotics or immune cell invasion, whereas, in other organ systems, the endothelial layer is fenestrated (e.g., glomeruli in the kidney), or discontinuous (e.g., liver sinusoids) and less dense to allow for rapid molecular exchange. ECs not only differ between organs or vascular systems, they also change along the vascular tree and specialized subpopulations of ECs can be found within the capillaries of a single organ. Molecular tools that enable selective vascular targeting are helpful to experimentally dissect the role of distinct EC populations, to improve molecular imaging and pave the way for novel treatment options for vascular diseases. This review provides an overview of endothelial diversity and highlights the most successful methods for selective targeting of distinct EC subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan K. Hennigs
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Christiane Matuszcak
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Martin Trepel
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany;
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
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131
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Fang JS, Hultgren NW, Hughes CCW. Regulation of Partial and Reversible Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Angiogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:702021. [PMID: 34692672 PMCID: PMC8529039 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.702021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During development and in several diseases, endothelial cells (EC) can undergo complete endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT or EndMT) to generate endothelial-derived mesenchymal cells. Emerging evidence suggests that ECs can also undergo a partial EndoMT to generate cells with intermediate endothelial- and mesenchymal-character. This partial EndoMT event is transient, reversible, and supports both developmental and pathological angiogenesis. Here, we discuss possible regulatory mechanisms that may control the EndoMT program to dictate whether cells undergo complete or partial mesenchymal transition, and we further consider how these pathways might be targeted therapeutically in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Fang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Nan W. Hultgren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christopher C. W. Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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132
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Bhat SM, Badiger VA, Vasishta S, Chakraborty J, Prasad S, Ghosh S, Joshi MB. 3D tumor angiogenesis models: recent advances and challenges. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3477-3494. [PMID: 34613483 PMCID: PMC8557138 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of blood vessels, referred to as angiogenesis, is an intricate process regulated spatially and temporally through a delicate balance between the qualitative and quantitative expression of pro and anti-angiogenic molecules. As angiogenesis is a prerequisite for solid tumors to grow and metastasize, a variety of tumor angiogenesis models have been formulated to better understand the underlying mechanisms and associated clinical applications. Studies have demonstrated independent mechanisms inducing angiogenesis in tumors such as (a) HIF-1/VEGF mediated paracrine interactions between a cancer cell and endothelial cells, (b) recruitment of progenitor endothelial cells, and (c) vasculogenic mimicry. Moreover, single-cell sequencing technologies have indicated endothelial cell heterogeneity among organ systems including tumor tissues. However, existing angiogenesis models often rely upon normal endothelial cells which significantly differ from tumor endothelial cells exhibiting distinct (epi)genetic and metabolic signatures. Besides, the existence of intra-individual variations necessitates the development of improved tumor vascular model systems for personalized medicine. In the present review, we summarize recent advancements of 3D tumor vascular model systems which include (a) tissue engineering-based tumor models; (b) vascular organoid models, and (c) organ-on-chips and their importance in replicating the tumor angiogenesis along with the associated challenges to design improved models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharath M Bhat
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Vaishnavi A Badiger
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Sampara Vasishta
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Juhi Chakraborty
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Seetharam Prasad
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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Dong ML, Lan IS, Yang W, Rabinovitch M, Feinstein JA, Marsden AL. Computational simulation-derived hemodynamic and biomechanical properties of the pulmonary arterial tree early in the course of ventricular septal defects. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:2471-2489. [PMID: 34585299 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Untreated ventricular septal defects (VSDs) can lead to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) characterized by elevated pulmonary artery (PA) pressure and vascular remodeling, known as PAH associated with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD). Though previous studies have investigated hemodynamic effects on vascular mechanobiology in late-stage PAH, hemodynamics leading to PAH-CHD initiation have not been fully quantified. We hypothesize that abnormal hemodynamics from left-to-right shunting in early stage VSDs affects PA biomechanical properties leading to PAH initiation. To model PA hemodynamics in healthy, small, moderate, and large VSD conditions prior to the onset of vascular remodeling, computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed using a 3D finite element model of a healthy 1-year-old's proximal PAs and a body-surface-area-scaled 0D distal PA tree. VSD conditions were modeled with increased pulmonary blood flow to represent degrees of left-to-right shunting. In the proximal PAs, pressure, flow, strain, and wall shear stress (WSS) increased with increasing VSD size; oscillatory shear index decreased with increasing VSD size in the larger PA vessels. WSS was higher in smaller diameter vessels and increased with VSD size, with the large VSD condition exhibiting WSS >100 dyn/cm[Formula: see text], well above values typically used to study dysfunctional mechanotransduction pathways in PAH. This study is the first to estimate hemodynamic and biomechanical metrics in the entire pediatric PA tree with VSD severity at the stage leading to PAH initiation and has implications for future studies assessing effects of abnormal mechanical stimuli on endothelial cells and vascular wall mechanics that occur during PAH-CHD initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody L Dong
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid S Lan
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Weiguang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey A Feinstein
- Department of Pediatrics and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alison L Marsden
- Department of Pediatrics and Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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134
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Lazarus NR, Harridge SDR. A Hypothesis: The Interplay of Exercise and Physiological Heterogeneity as Drivers of Human Ageing. Front Physiol 2021; 12:695392. [PMID: 34566675 PMCID: PMC8458865 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.695392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the inherent ageing process affects every facet of biology, physiology could be considered as the study of the healthy human ageing process. Where biological health is affected by lifestyle, the continual and continuing interaction of this process with physical activity and other lifestyle choices determine whether the ageing trajectory is toward health or disease. The presentation of both these states is further modified in individuals by the interaction of inherent physiological heterogeneity and the heterogeneity associated with responses and adaptions to exercise. The range of heterogeneity in healthy physiology is circumscribed by the necessity to conform to that of the human species. Our hypothesis is that, when sufficient exercise is present, these multiple interactions appear to produce an ageing profile that, while functional ability is in decline, remains synchronous, coherent, and integrated throughout most of life. In the absence of sufficient physical activity, physiology over time is gradually deteriorating toward the production of a lifestyle disease. Here, the ageing process, interacting with individual physiological heterogeneity, probably determines the age of presentation of a disease as well as the order of presentation of subsequent diseases. In this article, we discuss this hypothesis and related concepts in the context of the trajectory of healthy and non-healthy human ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman R Lazarus
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D R Harridge
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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135
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Serum Albumin in Health and Disease: Esterase, Antioxidant, Transporting and Signaling Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910318. [PMID: 34638659 PMCID: PMC8508759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Being one of the main proteins in the human body and many animal species, albumin plays a decisive role in the transport of various ions-electrically neutral and charged molecules-and in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure of the blood. Albumin is able to bind to almost all known drugs, as well as many nutraceuticals and toxic substances, largely determining their pharmaco- and toxicokinetics. Albumin of humans and respective representatives in cattle and rodents have their own structural features that determine species differences in functional properties. However, albumin is not only passive, but also an active participant of pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic processes, possessing a number of enzymatic activities. Numerous experiments have shown esterase or pseudoesterase activity of albumin towards a number of endogeneous and exogeneous esters. Due to the free thiol group of Cys34, albumin can serve as a trap for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, thus participating in redox processes. Glycated albumin makes a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of diabetes and other diseases. The interaction of albumin with blood cells, blood vessels and tissue cells outside the vascular bed is of great importance. Interactions with endothelial glycocalyx and vascular endothelial cells largely determine the integrative role of albumin. This review considers the esterase, antioxidant, transporting and signaling properties of albumin, as well as its structural and functional modifications and their significance in the pathogenesis of certain diseases.
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136
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal MacGrogan
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, Spain (D.M., J.L.d.l.P.).,Ciber CV, Madrid, Spain (D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signalling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, Spain (D.M., J.L.d.l.P.).,Ciber CV, Madrid, Spain (D.M., J.L.d.l.P.)
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137
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Franchi-Mendes T, Eduardo R, Domenici G, Brito C. 3D Cancer Models: Depicting Cellular Crosstalk within the Tumour Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4610. [PMID: 34572836 PMCID: PMC8468887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment plays a critical role in tumour progression and drug resistance processes. Non-malignant cell players, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells and others, interact with each other and with the tumour cells, shaping the disease. Though the role of each cell type and cell communication mechanisms have been progressively studied, the complexity of this cellular network and its role in disease mechanism and therapeutic response are still being unveiled. Animal models have been mainly used, as they can represent systemic interactions and conditions, though they face recognized limitations in translational potential due to interspecies differences. In vitro 3D cancer models can surpass these limitations, by incorporating human cells, including patient-derived ones, and allowing a range of experimental designs with precise control of each tumour microenvironment element. We summarize the role of each tumour microenvironment component and review studies proposing 3D co-culture strategies of tumour cells and non-malignant cell components. Moreover, we discuss the potential of these modelling approaches to uncover potential therapeutic targets in the tumour microenvironment and assess therapeutic efficacy, current bottlenecks and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Franchi-Mendes
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Eduardo
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Giacomo Domenici
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (T.F.-M.); (R.E.); (G.D.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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138
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Dight J, Zhao J, Styke C, Khosrotehrani K, Patel J. Resident vascular endothelial progenitor definition and function: the age of reckoning. Angiogenesis 2021; 25:15-33. [PMID: 34499264 PMCID: PMC8813834 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is composed around the central function of the endothelium that lines the inner surfaces of its vessels. In recent years, the existence of a progenitor population within the endothelium has been validated through the study of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) in human peripheral blood and certain vascular beds. However, our knowledge on endothelial populations in vivo that can give rise to ECFCs in culture has been limited. In this review we report and analyse recent attempts at describing progenitor populations in vivo from murine studies that reflect the self-renewal and stemness capacity observed in ECFCs. We pinpoint seminal discoveries within the field, which have phenotypically defined, and functionally scrutinised these endothelial progenitors. Furthermore, we review recent publications utilising single-cell sequencing technologies to better understand the endothelium in homeostasis and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dight
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Jilai Zhao
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Cassandra Styke
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.
| | - Jatin Patel
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia. .,Cancer and Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.
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139
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) constitute the major cause of death worldwide and show a higher prevalence in the adult population. The human umbilical cord consistsof two arteries and one vein, both composed of three tunics. The tunica intima, lined with endothelial cells, regulates vascular tone through the production/release of vasoregulatory substances. These substances can be vasoactive factors released by endothelial cells (ECs) that cause vasodilation (NO, PGI2, EDHF, and Bradykinin) or vasoconstriction (ET1, TXA2, and Ang II) depending on the cell type (ECs or SMC) that reacts to the stimulus. Vascular studies using ECs are important for the analysis of cardiovascular diseases since endothelial dysfunction is an important CVD risk factor. In this paper, we will address the morphological characteristics of the human umbilical cord and its component vessels. the constitution of the vascular endothelium, and the evolution of human umbilical cord-derived endothelial cells when isolated. Moreover, the role played by the endothelium in the vasomotor tone regulation, and how it may be associated with the existence of CVD, were discussed.
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140
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Akinnola I, Rossi DR, Meyer C, Lindsey A, Haase DR, Fogas S, Ehrhardt MJ, Blue RE, Price AP, Johnson M, Alvarez DF, Taylor DA, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A. Engineering Functional Vasculature in Decellularized Lungs Depends on Comprehensive Endothelial Cell Tropism. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:727869. [PMID: 34485262 PMCID: PMC8415401 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.727869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering using decellularized whole lungs as matrix scaffolds began as a promise for creating autologous transplantable lungs for patients with end-stage lung disease and can also be used to study strategies for lung regeneration. Vascularization remains a critical component for all solid organ bioengineering, yet there has been limited success in generating functional re-endothelialization of most pulmonary vascular segments. We evaluated recellularization of the blood vessel conduits of acellular mouse scaffolds with highly proliferating, rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial progenitor cells (RMEPCs), pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) or microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs). After 8 days of pulsatile perfusion, histological analysis showed that PAECs and MVECs possessed selective tropism for larger vessels or microvasculature, respectively. In contrast, RMEPCs lacked site preference and repopulated all vascular segments. RMEPC-derived endothelium exhibited thrombomodulin activity, expression of junctional genes, ability to synthesize endothelial signaling molecules, and formation of a restrictive barrier. The RMEPC phenotype described here could be useful for identifying endothelial progenitors suitable for efficient vascular organ and tissue engineering, regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeolu Akinnola
- MSTP, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Daniel R Rossi
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Carolyn Meyer
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ashley Lindsey
- Internal Medicine and Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Douglas R Haase
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Samuel Fogas
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael J Ehrhardt
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Rachel E Blue
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Andrew P Price
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Max Johnson
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Diego F Alvarez
- Internal Medicine and Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | | | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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141
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Endothelial Heterogeneity in Development and Wound Healing. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092338. [PMID: 34571987 PMCID: PMC8469713 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasculature is comprised of endothelial cells that are heterogeneous in nature. From tissue resident progenitors to mature differentiated endothelial cells, the diversity of these populations allows for the formation, maintenance, and regeneration of the vascular system in development and disease, particularly during situations of wound healing. Additionally, the de-differentiation and plasticity of different endothelial cells, especially their capacity to undergo endothelial to mesenchymal transition, has also garnered significant interest due to its implication in disease progression, with emphasis on scarring and fibrosis. In this review, we will pinpoint the seminal discoveries defining the phenotype and mechanisms of endothelial heterogeneity in development and disease, with a specific focus only on wound healing.
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142
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Akgol S, Kalkan BM, Yucel D, Kocabas F. SC1 limits tube formation, branching, migration, expansion and induce apoptosis of endothelial cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 141:106903. [PMID: 34481979 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are essential in the growth and progression of the tumor cells by supplying nutrition and angiogenesis factors. Targeting ECs emerged as a major strategy to prevent the growth of tumors. Studies suggest that ERK1/2 signaling is important for endothelial cells, which could be specifically targeted by small molecule SC1. We aimed to study the effects of SC1 treatments on endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and death. To this end, we performed viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, gene expression, wound closure, tube formation, and western blot analysis in endothelial cells post SC1 treatments. Intriguingly, we found that SC1 has an antiangiogenic effect on endothelial cells, which limits the endothelial cell expansion, tube formation, branching, and migration. The proliferation is especially limited in dose dependent manner by SC1. In addition, we found that SC1 elevates the apoptosis of endothelial cells and associated pathways including BAK1, Stat1, Sox4, and Caspase1. We believe that these findings could contribute to the development of improved therapies based on the SC1 as an attractive candidate for anticancer clinical studies targeted to tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezer Akgol
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Dogacan Yucel
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Fatih Kocabas
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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143
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James BD, Allen JB. Sex-Specific Response to Combinations of Shear Stress and Substrate Stiffness by Endothelial Cells In Vitro. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100735. [PMID: 34142471 PMCID: PMC8458248 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
By using a full factorial design of experiment, the combinatorial effects of biological sex, shear stress, and substrate stiffness on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) spreading and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) activity are able to be efficiently evaluated. Within the range of shear stress (0.5-1.5 Pa) and substrate stiffness (10-100 kPa), male HUVECs are smaller than female HUVECs. Only with sufficient mechanical stimulation do they spread to a similar size. More importantly, YAP1 nuclear localization in female HUVECs is invariant to mechanical stimulation within the range of tested conditions whereas for male HUVECs it increases nonlinearly with increasing shear stress and substrate stiffness. The sex-specific response of HUVECs to combinations of shear stress and substrate stiffness reinforces the need to include sex as a biological variable and multiple mechanical stimuli in experiments, informs the design of precision biomaterials, and offers insight for understanding cardiovascular disease sexual dimorphisms. Moreover, here it is illustrated that different complex mechanical microenvironments can lead to sex-specific phenotypes and sex invariant phenotypes in cultured endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D James
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, 206 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, FL, 32611-6400, USA
| | - Josephine B Allen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, 206 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, FL, 32611-6400, USA
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144
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Fedele C, Li S, Teng KW, Foster CJR, Peng D, Ran H, Mita P, Geer MJ, Hattori T, Koide A, Wang Y, Tang KH, Leinwand J, Wang W, Diskin B, Deng J, Chen T, Dolgalev I, Ozerdem U, Miller G, Koide S, Wong KK, Neel BG. SHP2 inhibition diminishes KRASG12C cycling and promotes tumor microenvironment remodeling. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211451. [PMID: 33045063 PMCID: PMC7549316 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS is the most frequently mutated human oncogene, and KRAS inhibition has been a longtime goal. Recently, inhibitors were developed that bind KRASG12C-GDP and react with Cys-12 (G12C-Is). Using new affinity reagents to monitor KRASG12C activation and inhibitor engagement, we found that an SHP2 inhibitor (SHP2-I) increases KRAS-GDP occupancy, enhancing G12C-I efficacy. The SHP2-I abrogated RTK feedback signaling and adaptive resistance to G12C-Is in vitro, in xenografts, and in syngeneic KRASG12C-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SHP2-I/G12C-I combination evoked favorable but tumor site-specific changes in the immune microenvironment, decreasing myeloid suppressor cells, increasing CD8+ T cells, and sensitizing tumors to PD-1 blockade. Experiments using cells expressing inhibitor-resistant SHP2 showed that SHP2 inhibition in PDAC cells is required for PDAC regression and remodeling of the immune microenvironment but revealed direct inhibitory effects on tumor angiogenesis and vascularity. Our results demonstrate that SHP2-I/G12C-I combinations confer a substantial survival benefit in PDAC and NSCLC and identify additional potential combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Fedele
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Shuai Li
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Kai Wen Teng
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Connor J R Foster
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - David Peng
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Hao Ran
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Paolo Mita
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Mitchell J Geer
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Takamitsu Hattori
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Akiko Koide
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Yubao Wang
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Kwan Ho Tang
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Joshua Leinwand
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Wei Wang
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Brian Diskin
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Jiehui Deng
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Ting Chen
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Ugur Ozerdem
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - George Miller
- S. Arthur Localio Laboratory, Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Shohei Koide
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
| | - Benjamin G Neel
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
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145
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Dawson A, Wang Y, Li Y, LeMaire SA, Shen YH. New Technologies With Increased Precision Improve Understanding of Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:679995. [PMID: 34513826 PMCID: PMC8430032 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.679995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are vital for blood vessel integrity and have roles in maintaining normal vascular function, healing after injury, and vascular dysfunction. Extensive phenotypic heterogeneity has been observed among ECs of different types of blood vessels in the normal and diseased vascular wall. Although ECs with different phenotypes can share common functions, each has unique features that may dictate a fine-tuned role in vascular health and disease. Recent studies performed with single-cell technology have generated powerful information that has significantly improved our understanding of EC biology. Here, we summarize a variety of EC types, states, and phenotypes recently identified by using new, increasingly precise techniques in transcriptome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Dawson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yidan Wang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yanming Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott A. LeMaire
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ying H. Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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146
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Liu Z, Ruter DL, Quigley K, Tanke NT, Jiang Y, Bautch VL. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Endothelial Cell Transcriptome Heterogeneity Under Homeostatic Laminar Flow. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2575-2584. [PMID: 34433297 PMCID: PMC8454496 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Endothelial cells (ECs) that form the innermost layer of all vessels exhibit heterogeneous cell behaviors and responses to pro-angiogenic signals that are critical for vascular sprouting and angiogenesis. Once vessels form, remodeling and blood flow lead to EC quiescence, and homogeneity in cell behaviors and signaling responses. These changes are important for the function of mature vessels, but whether and at what level ECs regulate overall expression heterogeneity during this transition is poorly understood. Here, we profiled EC transcriptomic heterogeneity, and expression heterogeneity of selected proteins, under homeostatic laminar flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Liu
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences (Z.L., D.L.R., V.L.B.).,McAllister Heart Institute (Z.L., D.L.R., V.L.B.)
| | - Dana L Ruter
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences (Z.L., D.L.R., V.L.B.).,Now with KBI Biopharma, Inc, RTP, NC (D.L.R.).,McAllister Heart Institute (Z.L., D.L.R., V.L.B.).,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (D.L.R., Y.J., V.L.B.)
| | | | | | - Yuchao Jiang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (D.L.R., Y.J., V.L.B.).,Department of Biostatistics (Y.J.).,Department of Genetics (Y.J.)
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Integrative Program for Biological & Genome Sciences (Z.L., D.L.R., V.L.B.).,McAllister Heart Institute (Z.L., D.L.R., V.L.B.).,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (D.L.R., Y.J., V.L.B.).,Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology (N.T.T., V.L.B.).,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (V.L.B.)
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147
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Jeong HY, Ham IH, Lee SH, Ryu D, Son SY, Han SU, Kim TM, Hur H. Spatially distinct reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment based on tumor invasion in diffuse-type gastric cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6529-6542. [PMID: 34385296 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Histological features of diffuse-type gastric cancer (GC) indicate that the tumor microenvironment (TME) may substantially impact tumor invasiveness. However, cellular components and molecular features associated with cancer invasiveness in the TME of diffuse-type GCs are poorly understood. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) using tissue samples from superficial and deep invasive layers of cancerous and paired normal tissues freshly harvested from five patients with diffuse-type GC. The scRNA-seq results were validated by immunohistochemistry and duplex in situ hybridization (ISH) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. RESULTS Seven major cell types were identified. Fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and myeloid cells were categorised as being enriched in the deep layers. Cell type-specific clustering further revealed that the superficial-to-deep layer transition is associated with enrichment in inflammatory endothelial cells and fibroblasts with upregulated CCL2 transcripts. Immunohistochemistry and duplex ISH revealed the distribution of the major cell types and CCL2-expressing endothelial cells and fibroblasts, indicating tumor invasion. Elevation of CCL2 levels along the superficial-to-deep layer axis revealed the immunosuppressive immune cell sub-types that may contribute to tumor cell aggressiveness in the deep invasive layers of diffuse-type GC. The analyses of public datasets revealed the high-level co-expression of stromal cell-specific genes and that CCL2 correlated with poor survival outcomes in GC patients. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the spatial reprogramming of the TME that may underlie invasive tumor potential in diffuse-type GC. This TME profiling across tumor layers suggests new targets, such as CCL2, that can modify the TME to inhibit tumor progression in diffuse-type GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Jeong
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - In-Hye Ham
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine
| | - Sung Hak Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Catholic University of Korea
| | - Daeun Ryu
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Son
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine
| | - Sang-Uk Han
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine
| | - Tae-Min Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, Catholic University of Korea
| | - Hoon Hur
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine
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148
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Magnussen AL, Mills IG. Vascular normalisation as the stepping stone into tumour microenvironment transformation. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:324-336. [PMID: 33828258 PMCID: PMC8329166 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01330-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A functional vascular system is indispensable for drug delivery and fundamental for responsiveness of the tumour microenvironment to such medication. At the same time, the progression of a tumour is defined by the interactions of the cancer cells with their surrounding environment, including neovessels, and the vascular network continues to be the major route for the dissemination of tumour cells in cancer, facilitating metastasis. So how can this apparent conflict be reconciled? Vessel normalisation-in which redundant structures are pruned and the abnormal vasculature is stabilised and remodelled-is generally considered to be beneficial in the course of anti-cancer treatments. A causality between normalised vasculature and improved response to medication and treatment is observed. For this reason, it is important to discern the consequence of vessel normalisation on the tumour microenvironment and to modulate the vasculature advantageously. This article will highlight the challenges of controlled neovascular remodelling and outline how vascular normalisation can shape disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette L Magnussen
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK.
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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149
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Fernández S, Palomo M, Molina P, Díaz-Ricart M, Escolar G, Téllez A, Seguí F, Ventosa H, Torramade-Moix S, Rovira M, Carreras E, Nicolás JM, Castro P. Progressive endothelial cell damage in correlation with sepsis severity. Defibrotide as a contender. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1948-1958. [PMID: 33872468 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular endothelium plays a key role in sepsis pathophysiology and the associated organ dysfunction. METHODS We evaluated endothelial function in an experimental in vitro model of sepsis, using endothelial cells grown in the presence of serum from patients with septic syndromes (sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock), noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (NI-SIRS) and healthy volunteers. Experiments were performed in the absence and presence of defibrotide (DF) (100 µg/ml) to evaluate its potential protective effect. RESULTS After exposure to patients' sera, there was a progressive endothelial cell activation in correlation with sepsis severity, with a proinflammatory and prothrombotic phenotype, exhibiting significantly increased expression of adhesion receptors at the surface (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, p < .05 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, p < .05); higher production and release to the extracellular matrix (ECM) of von Willebrand factor (p < .001); augmented thrombogenicity of the ECM toward platelets (p < .001); and increased phosphorylation of intracellular p38MAPK. DF prevented these changes in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Markers of endothelial damage increased progressively in association with the severity of septic syndromes. The endothelium is therefore an important therapeutic target to prevent complications of sepsis. DF shows promising potential to modulate the endothelial damage associated with sepsis and may constitute a pharmacological tool to decrease its sequelae including multiorgan failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Palomo
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology, Pathology Department, CDB, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Endothelium Team, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Molina
- Hematopathology, Pathology Department, CDB, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Díaz-Ricart
- Hematopathology, Pathology Department, CDB, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Endothelium Team, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ginés Escolar
- Hematopathology, Pathology Department, CDB, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Endothelium Team, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Téllez
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Seguí
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Ventosa
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Torramade-Moix
- Hematopathology, Pathology Department, CDB, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Rovira
- IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Endothelium Team, Barcelona, Spain
- Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Department of Haematology, Institute of Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Carreras
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Endothelium Team, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Nicolás
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Castro
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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150
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Wu L, Xu S, Wang J, Paguirigan AL, Radich JP, Qin Y, Chiu DT. Capillary-Mediated Single-Cell Dispenser. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10750-10755. [PMID: 34319086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell manipulation, sorting, and dispensing into multiwell plates is useful for single-cell multiomics studies. Here, we develop a single-cell dispenser inspired by electrohydrodynamic jet printing that achieves accurate droplet generation and single-cell sorting and dispensing using fused silica capillary tubing as both the optical detection window and nozzle for droplet dispensing. Parameters that affect droplet dispensing performance-capillary inner and outer diameter, flow rate, applied voltage, and solution properties-were optimized systematically with COMSOL simulations and experimentation. Small (5-10 nL) droplets were obtained by using 100-μm inner diameter and 160-μm outer diameter capillary tubing and allowed efficient encapsulation and dispensing of single cells. We demonstrate an application of this easy-to-assemble single-cell dispenser by sorting and dispensing cells into multiwell plates for single-cell PCR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Shihan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jingang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Amy L Paguirigan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Jerald P Radich
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Yuling Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Daniel T Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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