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Malook SU, Qi J, Hettenhausen C, Xu Y, Zhang C, Zhang J, Lu C, Li J, Wang L, Wu J. The oriental armyworm ( Mythimna separata) feeding induces systemic defence responses within and between maize leaves. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180307. [PMID: 30967023 PMCID: PMC6367157 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize ( Zea mays) is a staple cereal crop cultivated all over the world but that is threatened by various insects. Feeding of the lepidopteran insect Mythimna separata triggers defence signalling and increases anti-herbivore benzoxazinoids (Bxs) in the insect-damaged maize leaves. However, the herbivory-elicited within-leaf and leaf-to-leaf systemic signalling in maize remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that simulated M. separata herbivory and mechanical wounding elicited increased levels of jasmonic acid (JA), JA-Ile (JA-isoleucine conjugate) and Bxs in the damaged areas and in specific systemic regions within a leaf. Importantly, increased contents of Bxs were detected in a systemic leaf, and consistently, this leaf exhibited increased defence against M. separata. Increased JA/JA-Ile and altered transcriptome, including Bx biosynthesis genes, were detected in systemic leaves after wounding or simulated herbivory treatments, although only simulated herbivory induced increase of the contents of Bxs systemically. Promoter and co-expression analysis revealed that transcription factors bHLH57 and WRKY34 may regulate Bx biosynthesis genes in systemic leaves. Moreover, leaf ablation experiment indicated that the systemic signal rapidly exited the local leaves within 30 min after elicitation. This study provides new insight into the temporal and spatial regulation of defence responses of maize against lepidopteran insects. This article is part of the theme issue 'Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif ul Malook
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Christian Hettenhausen
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxing Xu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxiong Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengkai Lu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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102
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Wang Y, Qiu L, Song Q, Wang S, Wang Y, Ge Y. Root Proteomics Reveals the Effects of Wood Vinegar on Wheat Growth and Subsequent Tolerance to Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040943. [PMID: 30795585 PMCID: PMC6413028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wood vinegar (WV) or pyroligneous acid (PA) is a reddish-brown liquid created during the dry distillation of biomass, a process called pyrolysis. WV contains important biologically active components, which can enhance plant growth and tolerance to drought stress. However, its mechanism of action remains unknown. Our results after presoaking wheat seeds with various concentrations of WV indicate that a 1:900 WV concentration can significantly enhance growth. To investigate the response of wheat roots to drought stress, we compared quantitative proteomic profiles in the roots of wheat plants grown from seeds either presoaked (treatment) or non-presoaked (control) with WV. Our results indicated that the abscisic acid (ABA) content of wheat roots in the WV treatment was significantly increased. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels roots were significantly lower than in the control treatment under drought stress, while the activity of major antioxidant enzymes was significantly increased. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) identified 138 differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots representing 103 unique protein species responding to drought stress in wheat roots of the control and WV-treated groups. These DAPs are mostly involved in the stress response, carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, and secondary metabolism. Proteome profiles showed the DAPs involved in carbohydrate metabolism, stress response, and secondary metabolism had increased accumulation in roots of the WV-treated groups. These findings suggest that the roots from wheat seeds presoaked with WV can initiate an early defense mechanism to mitigate drought stress. These results provide an explanation of how WV enhances the tolerance of wheat plants to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Northwest Research Center of Rural Renewable Energy, Exploitation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Ling Qiu
- Northwest Research Center of Rural Renewable Energy, Exploitation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Qilu Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Shuping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, College of Agronomy, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Yajun Wang
- Northwest Research Center of Rural Renewable Energy, Exploitation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yihong Ge
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610041, China.
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103
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Wasternack C. New Light on Local and Systemic Wound Signaling. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:102-105. [PMID: 30528376 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Electric signaling and Ca2+ waves were discussed to occur in systemic wound responses. Two new overlapping scenarios were identified: (i) membrane depolarization in two special cell types followed by an increase in systemic cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt), and (ii) glutamate sensed by GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR LIKE proteins and followed by Ca2+-based defense in distal leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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104
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Engelberth J, Engelberth M. The Costs of Green Leaf Volatile-Induced Defense Priming: Temporal Diversity in Growth Responses to Mechanical Wounding and Insect Herbivory. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E23. [PMID: 30669247 PMCID: PMC6358849 DOI: 10.3390/plants8010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) have long been associated with plant defense responses against insect herbivory. Although some of their biological activities appear to directly affect the attacking herbivore, one of the major functions of GLVs seems to be the priming of these defense responses. This priming is generally considered to impose low costs on the plant should no direct attack happen. Here, we demonstrate that priming of maize seedlings with GLVs is costly for the plants as it results in significantly reduced growth. We further demonstrate that priming very selectively affects growth responses after insect elicitor treatment and mechanical wounding depending on the age and/or the developmental stage of the treated plant. The differential growth response of maize seedlings to treatment with GLVs and subsequent herbivory-related damage sheds new light on the biological activity of these important plant volatile compounds and indicates consequences that go beyond defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen Engelberth
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | - Marie Engelberth
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
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105
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Hansen RL, Guo H, Yin Y, Lee YJ. FERONIA mutation induces high levels of chloroplast-localized Arabidopsides which are involved in root growth. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:341-351. [PMID: 30300943 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The FERONIA (FER) signaling pathway is known to have diverse roles in Arabidopsis thaliana, such as growth, reproduction, and defense, but how this receptor kinase is involved in various biological processes is not well established. In this work, we applied multiple mass spectrometry techniques to identify metabolites involved in the FER signaling pathway and to understand their biological roles. A direct infusion Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR)-MS approach was used for initial screening of wild-type and feronia (fer) mutant plant extracts, and Arabidopsides were found to be significantly enriched in the mutant. As Arabidopsides are known to be induced by wounding, further experiments on wounded and non-wounded leaf samples were carried out to investigate these oxylipins as well as related phytohormones using a quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q-TOF) MS by direct injection and LC-MS/MS. In a root growth bioassay with Arabidopside A isolated from fer mutants, the wild-type showed significant root growth inhibition compared with the fer mutant. Our results therefore implicated Arabidopsides, and Arabidopside A specifically, in FER functions and/or signaling. Finally, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization MS imaging (MALDI-MSI) was used to visualize the localization of Arabidopsides, and we confirmed that Arabidopsides are highly abundant at wounding sites in both wild-type and fer mutant leaves. More significantly, five micron high-spatial resolution MALDI-MSI revealed that Arabidopsides are localized to the chloroplasts where many stress signaling molecules are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Hongqing Guo
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Yanhai Yin
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Young Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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106
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Jarad M, Mariappan K, Almeida-Trapp M, Mette MF, Mithöfer A, Rayapuram N, Hirt H. The Lamin-Like LITTLE NUCLEI 1 (LINC1) Regulates Pattern-Triggered Immunity and Jasmonic Acid Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1639. [PMID: 31998332 PMCID: PMC6963418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) recognition occurs by plasma membrane located receptors that induce among other processes nuclear gene expression. However, signaling to the nuclear compartment is restricted by the nuclear envelope and nuclear pore complexes. We show here that among the four Arabidopsis lamin homologs LITTLE NUCLEI/CROWDED NUCLEI (LINC/CRWN), LINC1 plays an important role in PTI and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. We show that linc1 knock out mutants affect PAMP-triggered MAPK activation and growth inhibition, but not reactive oxygen species or callose accumulation. We also demonstrate that linc1 mutants are compromised in regulating PAMP-triggered pathogen-related genes, in particular encoding factors involved in JA signaling and responses. Expression of a number of JAZ domain proteins, the key JA-related transcription factor MYC2 as well as key MYB transcription factors and biosynthesis genes of both the indole and aliphatic glucosinolate pathways are changed in linc1 mutants. Moreover, PAMP triggers JA and JA-Ile accumulation in linc1 mutants, whereas salicylic acid levels are unchanged. Despite impairment in PAMP-triggered immunity, linc1 mutants still show basal immunity towards Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 strains. High JA levels usually render plants resistant to necrotrophic pathogen. Thus, linc1 mutants show enhanced resistance to Botrytis cinerea infection. In accordance with a general role of LINC1 in JA signaling, linc1 mutants are hypersensitive to growth inhibition to external JA. In summary, our findings show that the lamin-like LINC1 protein plays a key role in JA signaling and regulation of PTI responses in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Jarad
- DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiruthiga Mariappan
- DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marilia Almeida-Trapp
- DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Florian Mette
- DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Naganand Rayapuram
- DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- DARWIN21, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Heribert Hirt,
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107
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Wang F, Yu G, Liu P. Transporter-Mediated Subcellular Distribution in the Metabolism and Signaling of Jasmonates. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:390. [PMID: 31001304 PMCID: PMC6454866 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (jasmonic acid and its relatives) are a group of oxylipin phytohormones that are implicated in the regulation of a range of developmental processes and responses to environmental stimuli in plants. The biosynthesis of JAs occur sequentially in various subcellular compartments including the chloroplasts, peroxisomes and the cytoplasm. The biologically active jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) activates the core JA signaling in the nucleus by binding with its coreceptor, SCFCOI1-JAZ. Five members of a clade of ATP-binding cassette G (ABCG) transporters of Arabidopsis thaliana were identified as the candidates of jasmonate transporters (JATs) in yeast cells. Among these JATs, AtJAT1/AtABCG16, has a dual localization in the plasma membrane and nuclear envelop and mediates the efflux of jasmonic acid (JA) across the plasma membrane and influx of JA-Ile into the nucleus. Genetic, cellular and biochemical analyses have demonstrated that AtJAT1/AtABCG16 is crucial for modulating JA-Ile concentration in the nucleus to orchestrate JA signaling. AtJAT1 could also be involved in modulating the biosynthesis of JA-Ile by regulating the distribution of JA and JA-Ile in the cytoplasm and nucleus, which would contribute to the highly dynamic JA signaling. Furthermore, other JAT members are localized in the plasma membrane and possibly in peroxisomes. Characterization of these JATs will provide further insights into a crucial role of transporter-mediated subcellular distribution in the metabolism and signaling of plant hormones, an emerging theme supported by the identification of increasing number of endomembrane-localized transporters.
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108
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Jones P, Garcia BJ, Furches A, Tuskan GA, Jacobson D. Plant Host-Associated Mechanisms for Microbial Selection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:862. [PMID: 31333701 PMCID: PMC6618679 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants serve as host to numerous microorganisms. The members of these microbial communities interact among each other and with the plant, and there is increasing evidence to suggest that the microbial community may promote plant growth, improve drought tolerance, facilitate pathogen defense and even assist in environmental remediation. Therefore, it is important to better understand the mechanisms that influence the composition and structure of microbial communities, and what role the host may play in the recruitment and control of its microbiome. In particular, there is a growing body of research to suggest that plant defense systems not only provide a layer of protection against pathogens but may also actively manage the composition of the overall microbiome. In this review, we provide an overview of the current research into mechanisms employed by the plant host to select for and control its microbiome. We specifically review recent research that expands upon the role of keystone microbial species, phytohormones, and abiotic stress, and in how they relate to plant driven dynamic microbial structuring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet Jones
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Garcia
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Anna Furches
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Daniel Jacobson
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, The Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniel Jacobson
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109
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Shen XJ, Wang YY, Zhang YX, Guo W, Jiao YQ, Zhou XA. Overexpression of the Wild Soybean R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor GsMYB15 Enhances Resistance to Salt Stress and Helicoverpa Armigera in Transgenic Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3958. [PMID: 30544851 PMCID: PMC6321161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) have been suggested to play crucial roles in the response to diverse abiotic and biotic stress factors but there is little molecular evidence of this role in soybean plants. In this work, we identified and functionally characterized an R2R3-MYB TF, namely, GsMYB15, from the wild soybean ED059. Protein and promoter sequence analysis indicated that GsMYB15 is a typical R2R3-MYB TF and contains multiple stress-related cis-elements in the promoter region. GsMYB15 is located in the nucleus and exhibits transcriptional activation activity. QPCR assays suggested that the expression of GsMYB15 could be induced by NaCl, insect attacks and defense-related hormones (MeJA and SA). Furthermore, GsMYB15 exhibited highest expression in pods compared to other tissues. Functional analysis of GsMYB15 demonstrated that overexpression of GsMYB15 could increase salt tolerance and enhance the resistance to H. armigera larvae in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Moreover, overexpression of GsMYB15 also affected the expression levels of salt stress- and defense-related genes in the transgenic plants. Feeding with transgenic Arabidopsis plant leaves could significantly suppress the expression levels of immunity-related genes in H. armigera larvae. Overexpression of GsMYB15 also increased mesophyll cell levels in transgenic plants. Taken together, these results provide evidence that GsMYB15 is a positive regulator of salt stress tolerance and insect resistance in transformed Arabidopsis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yan-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yong-Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yong-Qing Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Xin-An Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
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110
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Long-distance electrical signals as a link between the local action of stressors and the systemic physiological responses in higher plants. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 146:63-84. [PMID: 30508537 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Our review is devoted to the analysis of the role of long-distance electrical signals in the development of the fast systemic physiological responses in higher plants. The characteristics and mechanisms of basic electrical signals (variation potential, action potential and system potential) are analyzed, and a potential schema of the generation and propagation of the system potential is proposed. The review summarizes the physiological changes induced by the variation potential, action potential and system potential in higher plants, including changes in gene expressions, the production of phytohormones, photosynthesis, phloem mass-flow, respiration, ATP content, transpiration and plant growth. Potential mechanisms of the changes are analyzed. Finally, a hypothetical schema, which describes a hierarchy of the variation potential, action potential and system potential, in the development of the fast systemic non-specific adaptation of plants to stressors, is proposed.
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111
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Toyota M, Spencer D, Sawai-Toyota S, Jiaqi W, Zhang T, Koo AJ, Howe GA, Gilroy S. Glutamate triggers long-distance, calcium-based plant defense signaling. Science 2018; 361:1112-1115. [PMID: 30213912 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat7744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animals require rapid, long-range molecular signaling networks to integrate sensing and response throughout their bodies. The amino acid glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system, facilitating long-range information exchange via activation of glutamate receptor channels. Similarly, plants sense local signals, such as herbivore attack, and transmit this information throughout the plant body to rapidly activate defense responses in undamaged parts. Here we show that glutamate is a wound signal in plants. Ion channels of the GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE family act as sensors that convert this signal into an increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration that propagates to distant organs, where defense responses are then induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatsugu Toyota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan. .,Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53593, USA.,JST, PRESTO, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Dirk Spencer
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53593, USA
| | | | - Wang Jiaqi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Abraham J Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.,Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gregg A Howe
- Department of Energy-PRL, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53593, USA.
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112
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Yan J, Yao R, Chen L, Li S, Gu M, Nan F, Xie D. Dynamic Perception of Jasmonates by the F-Box Protein COI1. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:1237-1247. [PMID: 30092285 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are cyclic fatty acid-derived phytohormones that regulate diverse aspects of plant defense and development. The endogenous active JA molecule (+)-7-iso-JA-L-Ile (JA-Ile) and its analog coronatine trigger formation of a complex with the F-box protein COI1 and JAZ repressors to induce degradation of the JAZs through the 26S proteasome pathway in a COI1-dependent manner. To reveal the formation process of COI1-JA-JAZ ternary complex, we employed several biochemical approaches to examine how JA is dynamically perceived. These analyses showed that the COI1 proteins of Arabidopsis and rice bind JA with appreciable binding affinity and revealed the kinetics and thermodynamics of the COI1-JA-JAZ ternary complex. Our results suggest that COI1 is the primary receptor perceiving the active JA molecule to initially form a COI1-JA complex that subsequently recruits JAZs for further signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruifeng Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Suhua Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fajun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Daoxin Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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113
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Mao R, Chen J, Chen Y, Guo Z. Identification of early jasmonate-responsive genes in Taxus × media cells by analyzing time series digital gene expression data. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:715-727. [PMID: 30150849 PMCID: PMC6103953 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate, an effective elicitor, can induce the biosynthesis of paclitaxel, a well-known anticancer drug, in Taxus cell culture. The jasmonate signaling pathway has been well studied in Arabidopsis, and many early jasmonate-responsive genes have been found to be involved in signaling pathway. In Taxus, only a few late jasmonate-responsive genes related to paclitaxel biosynthesis were identified. So, identification of early responsive genes and knowledge of the jasmonate signaling pathway are essential for understanding the effects of jasmonate on paclitaxel biosynthesis and for improving paclitaxel production in Taxus cells. In this study, total RNA of Taxus × media cells cultured in liquid medium was extracted after 0, 0.5, 3, and 24 h of methyl jasmonate treatment. Three biological independent repetitions were performed. The 12 extracted RNA samples were integrated and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform using the paired-end method. A total of 45,583 transcript clusters were obtained by de novo assembly of the sequenced reads. Based on the transcriptome data, the digital gene expressions of each RNA sample were investigated. We found that after 0.5, 3, and 24 h of methyl jasmonate treatment; 134, 1008, and 987 unigenes were differentially expressed. For the secondary metabolism pathways, phenylalanine pathway unigenes were responsive to jasmonate after 3 h of treatment, while genes related to paclitaxel biosynthesis were induced after 0.5 h of treatment. The digital gene expression levels of candidate genes related to paclitaxel biosynthesis were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Transcriptome sequencing and digital gene expression profiling identified early jasmonate-responsive genes in cultured Taxus × media cells. The comprehensive time series jasmonate-responsive gene expression data have provided transcriptome-wide information about the mechanism of paclitaxel biosynthesis regulation by jasmonate signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjia Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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114
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Wasternack C, Strnad M. Jasmonates: News on Occurrence, Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Action of an Ancient Group of Signaling Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2539. [PMID: 30150593 PMCID: PMC6164985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: Jasmonic acid (JA) and its related derivatives are ubiquitously occurring compounds of land plants acting in numerous stress responses and development. Recent studies on evolution of JA and other oxylipins indicated conserved biosynthesis. JA formation is initiated by oxygenation of α-linolenic acid (α-LeA, 18:3) or 16:3 fatty acid of chloroplast membranes leading to 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) as intermediate compound, but in Marchantiapolymorpha and Physcomitrellapatens, OPDA and some of its derivatives are final products active in a conserved signaling pathway. JA formation and its metabolic conversion take place in chloroplasts, peroxisomes and cytosol, respectively. Metabolites of JA are formed in 12 different pathways leading to active, inactive and partially active compounds. The isoleucine conjugate of JA (JA-Ile) is the ligand of the receptor component COI1 in vascular plants, whereas in the bryophyte M. polymorpha COI1 perceives an OPDA derivative indicating its functionally conserved activity. JA-induced gene expressions in the numerous biotic and abiotic stress responses and development are initiated in a well-studied complex regulation by homeostasis of transcription factors functioning as repressors and activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Wasternack
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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115
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Leng F, Cao J, Wang S, Jiang L, Li X, Sun C. Transcriptomic Analyses of Root Restriction Effects on Phytohormone Content and Signal Transduction during Grape Berry Development and Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082300. [PMID: 30082597 PMCID: PMC6121528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones strongly influence growth, development and nutritional quality of agricultural products by modulating molecular and biochemical changes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of root restriction (RR) treatment on the dynamic changes of main phytohormones during the berry development and ripening of “Summer Black” early ripening seedless grape (Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca), and to analyze the changes in the biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways of phytohormones by transcriptomics. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) were used to quantify the phytohormone levels, and RNA-Seq was used to analyze the transcript abundance. The results showed that 23 transcripts involved in the phytohormone biosynthesis and 34 transcripts involved in the signal transduction pathways were significantly changed by RR treatment. RR also increased abscisic acid, brassinosteroid, ethylene, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid levels, while decreasing auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin contents. The results of the present study suggest that RR treatment can accelerate the grape ripening process, and specific candidate genes were identified for further functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Leng
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jinping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Shiping Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Ling Jiang
- Wujiang Research Institute of Grape, Jinhua 321017, China.
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chongde Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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116
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Zhang C, Zhang L, Wang D, Ma H, Liu B, Shi Z, Ma X, Chen Y, Chen Q. Evolutionary History of the Glycoside Hydrolase 3 (GH3) Family Based on the Sequenced Genomes of 48 Plants and Identification of Jasmonic Acid-Related GH3 Proteins in Solanum tuberosum. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071850. [PMID: 29937487 PMCID: PMC6073592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoside Hydrolase 3 (GH3) is a phytohormone-responsive family of proteins found in many plant species. These proteins contribute to the biological activity of indolacetic acid (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA). They also affect plant growth and developmental processes as well as some types of stress. In this study, GH3 genes were identified in 48 plant species, including algae, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. No GH3 representative protein was found in algae, but we identified 4 genes in mosses, 19 in ferns, 7 in gymnosperms, and several in angiosperms. The results showed that GH3 proteins are mainly present in seed plants. Phylogenetic analysis of all GH3 proteins showed three separate clades. Group I was related to JA adenylation, group II was related to IAA adenylation, and group III was separated from group II, but its function was not clear. The structure of the GH3 proteins indicated highly conserved sequences in the plant kingdom. The analysis of JA adenylation in relation to gene expression of GH3 in potato (Solanum tuberosum) showed that StGH3.12 greatly responded to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. The expression levels of StGH3.1, StGH3.11, and StGH3.12 were higher in the potato flowers, and StGH3.11 expression was also higher in the stolon. Our research revealed the evolution of the GH3 family, which is useful for studying the precise function of GH3 proteins related to JA adenylation in S. tuberosum when the plants are developing and under biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Leilei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, Shandong, China.
| | - Dongdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Haoli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Bailin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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117
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Zhuang H, Li J, Song J, Hettenhausen C, Schuman MC, Sun G, Zhang C, Li J, Song D, Wu J. Aphid (Myzus persicae) feeding on the parasitic plant dodder (Cuscuta australis) activates defense responses in both the parasite and soybean host. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1586-1596. [PMID: 29575001 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dodders (Cuscuta spp.) are shoot holoparasites, whose haustoria penetrate host tissues to enable fusion between the parasite and host vascular systems, allowing Cuscuta to extract water, nutrients and other molecules from hosts. Aphids are piercing-sucking herbivores that use specialized stylets to feed on phloem sap. Aphids are known to feed on Cuscuta, but how Cuscuta and its host plant respond to aphids attacking the parasite was unknown. Phytohormone quantification, transcriptomic analysis and bioassays were performed to determine the responses of Cuscuta australis and its soybean (Glycine max) hosts to the feeding of green peach aphid (GPA; Myzus persicae) on C. australis. Decreased salicylic acid levels and 172 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in GPA-attacked C. australis, and the soybean hosts exhibited increased jasmonic acid contents and 1015 DEGs, including > 100 transcription factor genes. Importantly, GPA feeding on C. australis increased the resistance of the soybean host to subsequent feeding by the leafworm Spodoptera litura and soybean aphid Aphis glycines, resulting in 21% decreased leafworm mass and 41% reduced aphid survival rate. These data strongly suggest that GPA feeding on Cuscuta induces a systemic signal, which is translocated to hosts and activates defense against herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifu Zhuang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Christian Hettenhausen
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Meredith C Schuman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Guiling Sun
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Dunlun Song
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
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118
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Identification on mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades by integrating protein interaction with transcriptional profiling analysis in cotton. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8178. [PMID: 29802301 PMCID: PMC5970168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26400-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in development and stress responses. In previous studies, we have systematically investigated the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MKK) and MAPK gene families in cotton. However, the complete interactions between MAPK gene family members in MAPK signaling cascade is poorly characterized. Herein, we investigated the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) family members and identified a total of 89 MAPKKK genes in the Gossypium raimondii genome. We cloned 51 MAPKKKs in G. hirsutum and investigated the interactions between MKK and MAPKKK proteins through yeast-two hybrid assays. A total of 18 interactive protein pairs involved in 14 MAPKKKs and six MKKs were found. Among these, 13 interactive pairs had not been reported previously. Gene expression patterns revealed that 12 MAPKKKs were involved in diverse signaling pathways triggered by hormone treatments or abiotic stresses. By combining the MKK-MAPK and MKK-MAPKKK protein interactions with gene expression patterns, 38 potential MAPK signaling modules involved in the complicated cross-talks were identified, which provide a basis on elucidating biological function of the MAPK cascade in response to hormonal and/or stress responses. The systematic investigation in MAPK signaling cascades will lay a foundation for understanding the functional roles of different MAPK cascades in signal transduction pathways, and for the improvement of various defense responses in cotton.
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119
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Lu C, Qi J, Hettenhausen C, Lei Y, Zhang J, Zhang M, Zhang C, Song J, Li J, Cao G, Malook SU, Wu J. Elevated CO 2 differentially affects tobacco and rice defense against lepidopteran larvae via the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:412-431. [PMID: 29319235 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 levels are rapidly increasing due to human activities. However, the effects of elevated CO2 (ECO2 ) on plant defense against insects and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we show that ECO2 increased the photosynthetic rates and the biomass of tobacco and rice plants, and the chewing lepidopteran insects Spodoptera litura and Mythimna separata gained less and more mass on tobacco and rice plants, respectively. Consistently, under ECO2 , the levels of jasmonic acid (JA), the main phytohormone controlling plant defense against these lepidopteran insects, as well as the main defense-related metabolites, were increased and decreased in insect-damaged tobacco and rice plants. Importantly, bioassays and quantification of defense-related metabolites in tobacco and rice silenced in JA biosynthesis and perception indicate that ECO2 changes plant resistance mainly by affecting the JA pathway. We further demonstrate that the defensive metabolites, but not total N or protein, are the main factors contributing to the altered defense levels under ECO2 . This study illustrates that ECO2 changes the interplay between plants and insects, and we propose that crops should be studied for their resistance to the major pests under ECO2 to predict the impact of ECO2 on future agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Lu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Christian Hettenhausen
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yunting Lei
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jingxiong Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mou Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guoyan Cao
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Saif Ul Malook
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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120
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Howe GA, Major IT, Koo AJ. Modularity in Jasmonate Signaling for Multistress Resilience. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:387-415. [PMID: 29539269 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonate coordinates immune and growth responses to increase plant survival in unpredictable environments. The core jasmonate signaling pathway comprises several functional modules, including a repertoire of COI1-JAZ (CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1-JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN) coreceptors that couple jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine perception to the degradation of JAZ repressors, JAZ-interacting transcription factors that execute physiological responses, and multiple negative feedback loops to ensure timely termination of these responses. Here, we review the jasmonate signaling pathway with an emphasis on understanding how transcriptional responses are specific, tunable, and evolvable. We explore emerging evidence that JAZ proteins integrate multiple informational cues and mediate crosstalk by propagating changes in protein-protein interaction networks. We also discuss recent insights into the evolution of jasmonate signaling and highlight how plant-associated organisms manipulate the pathway to subvert host immunity. Finally, we consider how this mechanistic foundation can accelerate the rational design of jasmonate signaling for improving crop resilience and harnessing the wellspring of specialized plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg A Howe
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; ,
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Ian T Major
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; ,
| | - Abraham J Koo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA;
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121
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Monte I, Ishida S, Zamarreño AM, Hamberg M, Franco-Zorrilla JM, García-Casado G, Gouhier-Darimont C, Reymond P, Takahashi K, García-Mina JM, Nishihama R, Kohchi T, Solano R. Ligand-receptor co-evolution shaped the jasmonate pathway in land plants. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:480-488. [PMID: 29632411 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The phytohormone jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) regulates defense, growth and developmental responses in vascular plants. Bryophytes have conserved sequences for all JA-Ile signaling pathway components but lack JA-Ile. We show that, in spite of 450 million years of independent evolution, the JA-Ile receptor COI1 is functionally conserved between the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha and the eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana but COI1 responds to different ligands in each species. We identified the ligand of Marchantia MpCOI1 as two isomeric forms of the JA-Ile precursor dinor-OPDA (dinor-cis-OPDA and dinor-iso-OPDA). We demonstrate that AtCOI1 functionally complements Mpcoi1 mutation and confers JA-Ile responsiveness and that a single-residue substitution in MpCOI1 is responsible for the evolutionary switch in ligand specificity. Our results identify the ancestral bioactive jasmonate and clarify its biosynthetic pathway, demonstrate the functional conservation of its signaling pathway, and show that JA-Ile and COI1 emergence in vascular plants required co-evolution of hormone biosynthetic complexity and receptor specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Monte
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sakiko Ishida
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Angel M Zamarreño
- Environmental Biology Department, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Mats Hamberg
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José M Franco-Zorrilla
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria García-Casado
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kosaku Takahashi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Division of Applied Bioscience, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Roberto Solano
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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122
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He X, Zhu L, Wassan GM, Wang Y, Miao Y, Shaban M, Hu H, Sun H, Zhang X. GhJAZ2 attenuates cotton resistance to biotic stresses via the inhibition of the transcriptional activity of GhbHLH171. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:896-908. [PMID: 28665036 PMCID: PMC6638010 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved effective mechanisms to protect themselves against multiple stresses, and employ jasmonates (JAs) as vital defence signals to defend against pathogen infection. The accumulation of JA, induced by signals from biotic and abiotic stresses, results in the degradation of Jasmonate-ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, followed by the de-repression of JAZ-repressed transcription factors (such as MYC2) to activate defence responses and developmental processes. Here, we characterized a JAZ family protein, GhJAZ2, from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) which was induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and inoculation of Verticillium dahliae. The overexpression of GhJAZ2 in cotton impairs the sensitivity to JA, decreases the expression level of JA-response genes (GhPDF1.2 and GhVSP) and enhances the susceptibility to V. dahliae and insect herbivory. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that GhJAZ2 may be involved in the regulation of cotton disease resistance by interaction with further disease-response proteins, such as pathogenesis-related protein GhPR10, dirigent-like protein GhD2, nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) disease-resistant protein GhR1 and a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor GhbHLH171. Unlike MYC2, overexpression of GhbHLH171 in cotton activates the JA synthesis and signalling pathway, and improves plant tolerance to the fungus V. dahliae. Molecular and genetic evidence shows that GhJAZ2 can interact with GhbHLH171 and inhibit its transcriptional activity and, as a result, can restrain the JA-mediated defence response. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of GhJAZ2 in the regulation of the cotton defence response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Wassan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Yujing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Yuhuan Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Muhammad Shaban
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Heng Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China
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Scholz SS, Schmidt-Heck W, Guthke R, Furch ACU, Reichelt M, Gershenzon J, Oelmüller R. Verticillium dahliae-Arabidopsis Interaction Causes Changes in Gene Expression Profiles and Jasmonate Levels on Different Time Scales. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:217. [PMID: 29497409 PMCID: PMC5819561 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is a soil-borne vascular pathogen that causes severe wilt symptoms in a wide range of plants. Co-culture of the fungus with Arabidopsis roots for 24 h induces many changes in the gene expression profiles of both partners, even before defense-related phytohormone levels are induced in the plant. Both partners reprogram sugar and amino acid metabolism, activate genes for signal perception and transduction, and induce defense- and stress-responsive genes. Furthermore, analysis of Arabidopsis expression profiles suggests a redirection from growth to defense. After 3 weeks, severe disease symptoms can be detected for wild-type plants while mutants impaired in jasmonate synthesis and perception perform much better. Thus, plant jasmonates have an important influence on the interaction, which is already visible at the mRNA level before hormone changes occur. The plant and fungal genes that rapidly respond to the presence of the partner might be crucial for early recognition steps and the future development of the interaction. Thus they are potential targets for the control of V. dahliae-induced wilt diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Scholz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt-Heck
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard Guthke
- Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Group, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra C U Furch
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Stahl E, Hilfiker O, Reymond P. Plant-arthropod interactions: who is the winner? THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:703-728. [PMID: 29160609 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Herbivorous arthropods have interacted with plants for millions of years. During feeding they release chemical cues that allow plants to detect the attack and mount an efficient defense response. A signaling cascade triggers the expression of hundreds of genes, which encode defensive proteins and enzymes for synthesis of toxic metabolites. This direct defense is often complemented by emission of volatiles that attract beneficial parasitoids. In return, arthropods have evolved strategies to interfere with plant defenses, either by producing effectors to inhibit detection and downstream signaling steps, or by adapting to their detrimental effect. In this review, we address the current knowledge on the molecular and chemical dialog between plants and herbivores, with an emphasis on co-evolutionary aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Stahl
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Hilfiker
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Chini A, Monte I, Zamarreño AM, Hamberg M, Lassueur S, Reymond P, Weiss S, Stintzi A, Schaller A, Porzel A, García-Mina JM, Solano R. An OPR3-independent pathway uses 4,5-didehydrojasmonate for jasmonate synthesis. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:171-178. [PMID: 29291349 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of the phytohormone jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) requires reduction of the JA precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) by OPDA reductase 3 (OPR3). Previous analyses of the opr3-1 Arabidopsis mutant suggested an OPDA signaling role independent of JA-Ile and its receptor COI1; however, this hypothesis has been challenged because opr3-1 is a conditional allele not completely impaired in JA-Ile biosynthesis. To clarify the role of OPR3 and OPDA in JA-independent defenses, we isolated and characterized a loss-of-function opr3-3 allele. Strikingly, opr3-3 plants remained resistant to necrotrophic pathogens and insect feeding, and activated COI1-dependent JA-mediated gene expression. Analysis of OPDA derivatives identified 4,5-didehydro-JA in wounded wild-type and opr3-3 plants. OPR2 was found to reduce 4,5-didehydro-JA to JA, explaining the accumulation of JA-Ile and activation of JA-Ile-responses in opr3-3 mutants. Our results demonstrate that in the absence of OPR3, OPDA enters the β-oxidation pathway to produce 4,5-ddh-JA as a direct precursor of JA and JA-Ile, thus identifying an OPR3-independent pathway for JA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chini
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Centre for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Monte
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Centre for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel M Zamarreño
- Environmental Biology Department, University of Navarra, Navarre, Spain
| | - Mats Hamberg
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steve Lassueur
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sally Weiss
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Annick Stintzi
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaller
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Roberto Solano
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Centre for Biotechnology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Heyer M, Reichelt M, Mithöfer A. A Holistic Approach to Analyze Systemic Jasmonate Accumulation in Individual Leaves of Arabidopsis Rosettes Upon Wounding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1569. [PMID: 30425725 PMCID: PMC6218591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones, especially jasmonates, are known to be mediators of the plant responses to wounding and herbivore feeding. Their role in such stress responses has been largely studied locally in treated leaves. However, less is known about the induced systemic distribution of phytohormone signals upon these kinds of stresses. Here, a holistic approach was performed in order to investigate the systemic phytohormone pattern in the rosette of Arabidopsis thaliana after herbivore-related wounding. Levels of different stress-related phytohormones such as jasmonates, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid were analyzed in individual leaves. We demonstrate that the typically used sampling method, where leaves are first cut and immediately frozen, causes false-positive results since cutting already induces systemic jasmonate elevations within less than 1.6 min. Therefore, this approach is not suitable to study systemic phytohormone changes in the whole plant. By developing a new method where leaves are frozen first and subsequently cut, sampling-induced phytohormone elevations could be reduced. Using this new method, we show that jasmonic acid and its active isoleucine conjugate (jasmonoyl-isoleucine) are involved in the fast systemic wound response of Arabidopsis. A systemic induction of the jasmonates' precursor, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, was not observed throughout our treatments. The systemic phytohormone distribution pattern is strongly linked to the vascular connections between the leaves, providing further evidence that the vascular system is used for long distance-signaling in Arabidopsis. Besides already known vascular connections, we also demonstrate that the systemic distribution of jasmonate signals can be extended to distant leaves, which are systemically but indirectly connected via another vascularly connected leaf. This holistic approach covering almost the whole Arabidopsis rosette introduces a method to overcome false-positive results in systemic phytohormone determinations and demonstrates that wounding-induced long-distance signaling includes fast changes in jasmonate levels in systemic, non-treated leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Heyer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Axel Mithöfer,
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Si T, Wang X, Zhao C, Huang M, Cai J, Zhou Q, Dai T, Jiang D. The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in Mediating the Mechanical Wounding-Induced Freezing Tolerance in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:327. [PMID: 29593774 PMCID: PMC5861560 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Systemic wound response (SWR), a well-characterized systemic signaling response, plays crucial roles in plant defense responses. Progress in understanding of the SWR in abiotic stress has also been aided by the researchers. However, the function of SWR in freezing stress remains elusive. In this study, we showed that local mild mechanical wounding enhanced freezing tolerance in newly occurred systemic leaves of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). Wounding significantly increased the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, net photosynthetic rate, and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes under freezing stress. Wounding also alleviated freezing-induced chlorophyll decomposition, electrolyte leakage, water lose, and membrane peroxidation. In addition, wounding-induced freezing stress mitigation was closely associated with the ratio between reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and the ratio between ascorbate (AsA) and dehydroascorbate (DHA), as well as the contents of total soluble sugars and free amino acids. Importantly, pharmacological study showed that wounding-induced freezing tolerance was substantially arrested by pretreatment of wheat leaves with the scavenger of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or the inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (RBOH). These results support the hypothesis that local mechanical wounding-induced SWR in newly occurred leaves is largely attributed to RBOH-dependent H2O2 production, which may subsequently induce freezing tolerance in wheat plants. This mechanism may have a potential application to reduce the yield losses of wheat under late spring freezing conditions. Highlights: In our previous research, we found that local mechanical wounding could induce freezing tolerance in the upper systemic leaves of wheat plants. Surprisingly, in this paper, we further demonstrated that local mechanical wounding could also increase freezing resistance in newly occurred leaves of wheat plants. RBOH mediated H2O2 and ascorbate-glutathione cycle participate in this systemic wound response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Si
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Mei Huang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Cai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Cai, Dong Jiang,
| | - Qin Zhou
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Cai, Dong Jiang,
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128
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Li S, Han X, Yang L, Deng X, Wu H, Zhang M, Liu Y, Zhang S, Xu J. Mitogen-activated protein kinases and calcium-dependent protein kinases are involved in wounding-induced ethylene biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:134-147. [PMID: 28543054 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene, an important hormone in plant growth, development and response to environmental stimuli, is rapidly induced by mechanical injury or wounding. Although induction of ACS (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase) gene expression has been associated with this process, the detailed regulatory mechanism is unclear. Here, we report that the wounding-induced ethylene production is modulated by both mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and calcium-dependent protein kinase (CPK) pathway. Study using acs mutants demonstrated that four ACS isoforms, including ACS2, ACS6, ACS7 and ACS8, contribute to ethylene production in response to wounding. Loss-of-function analysis defines the role of MPK3 and MPK6, and their upstream MKK4 and MKK5, in wounding-induced ethylene production. They play an important role in the wounding-induced up-regulation of all four ACS genes expression. Independent of MAPK pathway, CPK5 and CPK6 are also involved in the wounding-induced ethylene production by regulating the expression of ACS2, ACS6 and ACS8 genes. Taken together, we demonstrate that two independent kinase signalling pathways, MPK3/MPK6 cascade and CPK5/CPK6, are involved in the wounding-induced ethylene biosynthesis via differential regulation of ACS genes at transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiaofei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Liuyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiangxiong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hongjiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Division of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
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Huang Y, Liao Q, Hu S, Cao Y, Xu G, Long Z, Lu X. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of seven sucrose synthase genes in bamboo (Bambusa emeiensis): investigation of possible roles in the regulation of cellulose biosynthesis and response to hormones. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1412271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Qian Liao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Shanglian Hu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Zhijian Long
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Xueqin Lu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
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Zhang J, Chen H, Chen M, Wang H, Wang Q, Song X, Hao H, Feng Z. Kojic acid-mediated damage responses induce mycelial regeneration in the basidiomycete Hypsizygus marmoreus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187351. [PMID: 29117227 PMCID: PMC5678884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical damage can induce fruiting body production in fungi. In this study, the antioxidant kojic acid (KA) was found to enhance injured mycelial regeneration and increase fruiting body production in Hypsizygus marmoreus. KA reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are harmful to mycelia when excessively generated by mechanical damage. Moreover, KA increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione and ascorbic acid contents by up-regulating antioxidant gene expression. These results suggest that KA promotes mycelial regeneration in response to damage by activating a “stress signal” and enhances the ability of H. marmoreus to resist oxidative damage by invoking the antioxidant system. In addition, KA increased the content of extracellular ATP, which serves as a “stress signal” in response to injury, and modulated ROS signaling, decreasing NADPH oxidase gene expression and ROS levels in the mycelial-regeneration stage. KA treatment also up-regulated the MAPK, Ca2+ and oxylipin pathways, suggesting their involvement in the damage response. Furthermore, laccase and cellulase activities were stimulated by KA at different developmental stages. These results demonstrate that KA regulates gene expression and activates pathways for mycelial wound healing, regeneration of damaged mycelia and reproductive structure formation in the basidiomycete H. marmoreus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Zhang
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, FengXian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, FengXian District, Shanghai, China
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- * E-mail: (HC); (ZF)
| | - Mingjie Chen
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, FengXian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, FengXian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, FengXian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Song
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, FengXian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Hao
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, FengXian District, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, XuanWu District, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyong Feng
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, FengXian District, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, XuanWu District, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (HC); (ZF)
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Pavlovič A, Jakšová J, Novák O. Triggering a false alarm: wounding mimics prey capture in the carnivorous Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:927-938. [PMID: 28850713 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the carnivorous plant Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula), the sequence of events after prey capture resembles the well-known plant defence signalling pathway in response to pathogen or herbivore attack. Here, we used wounding to mimic prey capture to show the similarities and differences between botanical carnivory and plant defence mechanisms. We monitored movement, electrical signalling, jasmonate accumulation and digestive enzyme secretion in local and distal (systemic) traps in response to prey capture, the mechanical stimulation of trigger hairs and wounding. The Venus flytrap cannot discriminate between wounding and mechanical trigger hair stimulation. Both induced the same action potentials, rapid trap closure, hermetic trap sealing, the accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA) and its isoleucine conjugate (JA-Ile), and the secretion of proteases (aspartic and cysteine proteases), phosphatases and type I chitinase. The jasmonate accumulation and enzyme secretion were confined to the local traps, to which the stimulus was applied, which correlates with the propagation of electrical signals and the absence of a systemic response in the Venus flytrap. In contrast to plant defence mechanisms, the absence of a systemic response in carnivorous plant may represent a resource-saving strategy. During prey capture, it could be quite expensive to produce digestive enzymes in the traps on the plant without prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Pavlovič
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jakšová
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Properties analysis of transcription factor gene TasMYB36 from Trichoderma asperellum CBS433.97 and its heterogeneous transfomation to improve antifungal ability of Populus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12801. [PMID: 28993676 PMCID: PMC5634415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13120-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription of TasMYB36 in the biocontrol species T. asperellum was upregulated in four different pathogenic fermentation broths, suggesting that TasMYB36 plays an important role in the response to biotic stresses. Seventy-nine MYB transcription factors that were homologous to TasMYB36 from six sequenced Trichoderma genomes were analyzed. They were distributed in fourteen clades in the phylogenetic tree. The 79 MYBs contained 113 DNA binding domains, and their amino acid sequences were conserved and were different to those in plants. The promoters of 79 MYBs contained 1374 cis-regulators related to the stress response, such as GCR1 (17.5%) and GCN4 (15.5%). Subsequently, TasMYB36 was integrated into the genome of Populus davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis (PdPap poplar), and after co-culture of the transformants (PdPap-TasMYB36s) with Alternaria alternate, the transcription of genes in the jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) hormone signaling pathways were upregulated; the POD, SOD and CAT activities were enhanced; and the reactive oxygen content was reduced in PdPap-TasMYB36s. The disease spots area on PdPap-TasMYB36s leaves infected by A. alternate were average 0.63% (PdPap-Con: 24.7%). In summary, TasMYB36 of T. asperellum CBS433.97 is an important defense response gene that upregulates other stress response genes and could improve resistance to biotic stresses.
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Smirnova E, Marquis V, Poirier L, Aubert Y, Zumsteg J, Ménard R, Miesch L, Heitz T. Jasmonic Acid Oxidase 2 Hydroxylates Jasmonic Acid and Represses Basal Defense and Resistance Responses against Botrytis cinerea Infection. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1159-1173. [PMID: 28760569 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) orchestrate immune responses upon wound/herbivore injury or infection by necrotrophic pathogens. Elucidation of catabolic routes has revealed new complexity in jasmonate metabolism. Two integrated pathways attenuate signaling by turning over the active hormone jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) through ω-oxidation or deconjugation, and define an indirect route forming the derivative 12OH-JA. Here, we provide evidence for a second 12OH-JA formation pathway by direct jasmonic acid (JA) oxidation. Three jasmonic acid oxidases (JAOs) of the 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase family catalyze specific oxidation of JA to 12OH-JA, and their genes are induced by wounding or infection by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. JAO2 exhibits the highest basal expression, and its deficiency in jao2 mutants strongly enhanced antifungal resistance. The resistance phenotype resulted from constitutive expression of antimicrobial markers rather than from their higher induction in infected jao2 plants and could be reversed by ectopic expression of any of the three JAOs in jao2. Elevated defense in jao2 was dependent on the activity of JASMONATE RESPONSE 1 (JAR1) and CORONATINE-INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1) but was not correlated with enhanced JA-Ile accumulation. Instead, jao2 mutant lines displayed altered accumulation of several JA species in healthy and challenged plants, suggesting elevated metabolic flux through JA-Ile. Collectively, these data identify the missing enzymes hydroxylating JA and uncover an important metabolic diversion mechanism for repressing basal JA defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Smirnova
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentin Marquis
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laure Poirier
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yann Aubert
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Zumsteg
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rozenn Ménard
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Miesch
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Heitz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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134
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Cheong H, Barbosa dos Santos I, Liu W, Gosse HN, Park SW. Cyclophilin 20-3 is positioned as a regulatory hub between light-dependent redox and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid signaling. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1362520. [PMID: 28805482 PMCID: PMC5640192 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1362520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The jasmonate family of phytohormones plays central roles in plant development and stress acclimation. However, the regulatory modes of their signaling circuitry remain largely unknown. Here we describe that cyclophilin 20-3 (CYP20-3), a binding protein of (+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), crisscrosses stress responses with light-dependent redox reactions, which fine-tunes the activity of key enzymes in the plastid photosynthetic carbon assimilation and sulfur assimilation pathways. Under stressed states, OPDA - accumulated in the chloroplasts - binds and promotes CYP20-3 to transfer electron (e-) from thioredoxins (i.e., type-f2 and -x) to 2-Cys peroxiredoxin B (2-CysPrxB) or serine acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1). Reduction (activation) of 2-CysPrxB then optimizes peroxide detoxification and carbon metabolisms in the photosynthesis, whereas the activation of SAT1 stimulates sulfur assimilation which in turn coordinates redox-resolved nucleus gene expressions in defense responses against biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, we conclude that CYP20-3 is positioned as a unique metabolic hub in the interface between photosynthesis (light) and OPDA signaling, where controls resource (e-) allocations between plant growth and defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Cheong
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Wenshan Liu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Heather N. Gosse
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sang-Wook Park
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
- CONTACT Sang-Wook Park 209 Rouse Life Science Bldg., Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn AL36849, USA
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135
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Major IT, Yoshida Y, Campos ML, Kapali G, Xin X, Sugimoto K, de Oliveira Ferreira D, He SY, Howe GA. Regulation of growth-defense balance by the JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ)-MYC transcriptional module. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 215. [PMID: 28649719 PMCID: PMC5542871 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonate (JA) promotes the degradation of JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins to relieve repression on diverse transcription factors (TFs) that execute JA responses. However, little is known about how combinatorial complexity among JAZ-TF interactions maintains control over myriad aspects of growth, development, reproduction, and immunity. We used loss-of-function mutations to define epistatic interactions within the core JA signaling pathway and to investigate the contribution of MYC TFs to JA responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Constitutive JA signaling in a jaz quintuple mutant (jazQ) was largely eliminated by mutations that block JA synthesis or perception. Comparison of jazQ and a jazQ myc2 myc3 myc4 octuple mutant validated known functions of MYC2/3/4 in root growth, chlorophyll degradation, and susceptibility to the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. We found that MYC TFs also control both the enhanced resistance of jazQ leaves to insect herbivory and restricted leaf growth of jazQ. Epistatic transcriptional profiles mirrored these phenotypes and further showed that triterpenoid biosynthetic and glucosinolate catabolic genes are up-regulated in jazQ independently of MYC TFs. Our study highlights the utility of genetic epistasis to unravel the complexities of JAZ-TF interactions and demonstrates that MYC TFs exert master control over a JAZ-repressible transcriptional hierarchy that governs growth-defense balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian T. Major
- Department of Energy‐Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Department of Energy‐Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Marcelo L. Campos
- Department of Energy‐Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - George Kapali
- Department of Energy‐Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Xiu‐Fang Xin
- Department of Energy‐Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Koichi Sugimoto
- Department of Energy‐Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | | | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Energy‐Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI42284USA
| | - Gregg A. Howe
- Department of Energy‐Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI42284USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
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136
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Vincent TR, Canham J, Toyota M, Avramova M, Mugford ST, Gilroy S, Miller AJ, Hogenhout S, Sanders D. Real-time In Vivo Recording of Arabidopsis Calcium Signals During Insect Feeding Using a Fluorescent Biosensor. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28829425 PMCID: PMC5614317 DOI: 10.3791/56142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions are predicted to be key signaling entities during biotic interactions, with calcium signaling forming an established part of the plant defense response to microbial elicitors and to wounding caused by chewing insects, eliciting systemic calcium signals in plants. However, the role of calcium in vivo during biotic stress is still unclear. This protocol describes the use of a genetically-encoded calcium sensor to detect calcium signals in plants during feeding by a hemipteran pest. Hemipterans such as aphids pierce a small number of cells with specialized, elongated sucking mouthparts, making them the ideal tool to study calcium dynamics when a plant is faced with a biotic stress, which is distinct from a wounding response. In addition, fluorescent biosensors are revolutionizing the measurement of signaling molecules in vivo in both animals and plants. Expressing a GFP-based calcium biosensor, GCaMP3, in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana allows for the real-time imaging of plant calcium dynamics during insect feeding, with a high spatial and temporal resolution. A repeatable and robust assay has been developed using the fluorescence microscopy of detached GCaMP3 leaves, allowing for the continuous measurement of cytosolic calcium dynamics before, during, and after insect feeding. This reveals a highly-localized rapid calcium elevation around the aphid feeding site that occurs within a few minutes. The protocol can be adapted to other biotic stresses, such as additional insect species, while the use of Arabidopsis thaliana allows for the rapid generation of mutants to facilitate the molecular analysis of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Vincent
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park
| | - James Canham
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park
| | - Masatsugu Toyota
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
| | - Marieta Avramova
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park
| | - Sam T Mugford
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park
| | - Saskia Hogenhout
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park;
| | - Dale Sanders
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park;
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137
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Bozorov TA, Dinh ST, Baldwin IT. JA but not JA-Ile is the cell-nonautonomous signal activating JA mediated systemic defenses to herbivory in Nicotiana attenuata. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:552-571. [PMID: 28422432 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The whole-plant activation of defense responses to wounding and herbivory requires systemic signaling in which jasmonates (JAs) play a pivotal role. To examine the nature of the slower cell-nonautonomous as compared to the rapid cell-autonomous signal in mediating systemic defenses in Nicotiana attenuata, reciprocal stem grafting-experiments were used with plants silenced for the JA biosynthetic gene ALLENE OXIDE CYCLASE (irAOC) or plants transformed to create JA sinks by ectopically expressing Arabidopsis JA-O-methyltransferase (ovJMT). JA-impaired irAOC plants were defective in the cell-nonautonomous signaling pathway but not in JA transport. Conversely, ovJMT plants abrogated the production of a graft-transmissible JA signal. Both genotypes displayed unaltered cell-autonomous signaling. Defense responses (17-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides, nicotine, and proteinase inhibitors) and metabolite profiles were differently induced in irAOC and ovJMT scions in response to graft-transmissible signals from elicited wild type stocks. The performance of Manduca sexta larvae on the scions of different graft combinations was consistent with the patterns of systemic defense metabolite elicitations. Taken together, we conclude that JA and possibly MeJA, but not JA-Ile, either directly functions as a long-distance transmissible signal or indirectly interacts with long distance signal(s) to activate systemic defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohir A Bozorov
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Genetics and Plants Experimental Biology, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Yukori-Yuz, 111226, Kibray, Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan
| | - Son Truong Dinh
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology - Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ngo Xuan Quang Street, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
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138
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Stem parasitic plant Cuscuta australis (dodder) transfers herbivory-induced signals among plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6703-E6709. [PMID: 28739895 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704536114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cuscuta spp. (i.e., dodders) are stem parasites that naturally graft to their host plants to extract water and nutrients; multiple adjacent hosts are often parasitized by one or more Cuscuta plants simultaneously, forming connected plant clusters. Metabolites, proteins, and mRNAs are known to be transferred from hosts to Cuscuta, and Cuscuta bridges even facilitate host-to-host virus movement. Whether Cuscuta bridges transmit ecologically meaningful signals remains unknown. Here we show that, when host plants are connected by Cuscuta bridges, systemic herbivory signals are transmitted from attacked plants to unattacked plants, as revealed by the large transcriptomic changes in the attacked local leaves, undamaged systemic leaves of the attacked plants, and leaves of unattacked but connected hosts. The interplant signaling is largely dependent on the jasmonic acid pathway of the damaged local plants, and can be found among conspecific or heterospecific hosts of different families. Importantly, herbivore attack of one host plant elevates defensive metabolites in the other systemic Cuscuta bridge-connected hosts, resulting in enhanced resistance against insects even in several consecutively Cuscuta-connected host plants over long distances (> 100 cm). By facilitating plant-to-plant signaling, Cuscuta provides an information-based means of countering the resource-based fitness costs to their hosts.
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139
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Gonzalez LE, Keller K, Chan KX, Gessel MM, Thines BC. Transcriptome analysis uncovers Arabidopsis F-BOX STRESS INDUCED 1 as a regulator of jasmonic acid and abscisic acid stress gene expression. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:533. [PMID: 28716048 PMCID: PMC5512810 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ubiquitin 26S proteasome system (UPS) selectively degrades cellular proteins, which results in physiological changes to eukaryotic cells. F-box proteins are substrate adaptors within the UPS and are responsible for the diversity of potential protein targets. Plant genomes are enriched in F-box genes, but the vast majority of these have unknown roles. This work investigated the Arabidopsis F-box gene F-BOX STRESS INDUCED 1 (FBS1) for its effects on gene expression in order elucidate its previously unknown biological function. Results Using publically available Affymetrix ATH1 microarray data, we show that FBS1 is significantly co-expressed in abiotic stresses with other well-characterized stress response genes, including important stress-related transcriptional regulators. This gene suite is most highly expressed in roots under cold and salt stresses. Transcriptome analysis of fbs1–1 knock-out plants grown at a chilling temperature shows that hundreds of genes require FBS1 for appropriate expression, and that these genes are enriched in those having roles in both abiotic and biotic stress responses. Based on both this genome-wide expression data set and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis, it is apparent that FBS1 is required for elevated expression of many jasmonic acid (JA) genes that have established roles in combatting environmental stresses, and that it also controls a subset of JA biosynthesis genes. FBS1 also significantly impacts abscisic acid (ABA) regulated genes, but this interaction is more complex, as FBS1 has both positive and negative effects on ABA-inducible and ABA-repressible gene modules. One noteworthy effect of FBS1 on ABA-related stress processes, however, is the restraint it imposes on the expression of multiple class I LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN (LTP) gene family members that have demonstrated protective effects in water deficit-related stresses. Conclusion FBS1 impacts plant stress responses by regulating hundreds of genes that respond to the plant stress hormones JA and ABA. The positive effect that FBS1 has on JA processes and the negative effect it has on at least some ABA processes indicates that it in part regulates cellular responses balanced between these two important stress hormones. More broadly then, FBS1 may aid plant cells in switching between certain biotic (JA) and abiotic (ABA) stress responses. Finally, because FBS1 regulates a subset of JA biosynthesis and response genes, we conclude that it might have a role in tuning hormone responses to particular circumstances at the transcriptional level. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3864-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Gonzalez
- Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA.,Present address: Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Kristen Keller
- Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA.,Present address: Department of Biostatistics, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Karen X Chan
- Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna, Pitzer, and Scripps Colleges, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Megan M Gessel
- Chemistry Department, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, 98416, USA
| | - Bryan C Thines
- Biology Department, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, 98416, USA.
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140
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Singh P, Dave A, Vaistij FE, Worrall D, Holroyd GH, Wells JG, Kaminski F, Graham IA, Roberts MR. Jasmonic acid-dependent regulation of seed dormancy following maternal herbivory in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1702-1711. [PMID: 28332706 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Maternal experience of abiotic environmental factors such as temperature and light are well known to control seed dormancy in many plant species. Maternal biotic stress alters offspring defence phenotypes, but whether it also affects seed dormancy remains unexplored. We exposed Arabidopsis thaliana plants to herbivory and investigated plasticity in germination and defence phenotypes in their offspring, along with the roles of phytohormone signalling in regulating maternal effects. Maternal herbivory resulted in the accumulation of jasmonic acid-isoleucine and loss of dormancy in seeds of stressed plants. Dormancy was also reduced by engineering seed-specific accumulation of jasmonic acid in transgenic plants. Loss of dormancy was dependent on an intact jasmonate signalling pathway and was associated with increased gibberellin content and reduced abscisic acid sensitivity during germination. Altered dormancy was only observed in the first generation following herbivory, whereas defence priming was maintained for at least two generations. Herbivory generates a jasmonic acid-dependent reduction in seed dormancy, mediated by alteration of gibberellin and abscisic acid signalling. This is a direct maternal effect, operating independently from transgenerational herbivore resistance priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Singh
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Anuja Dave
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Fabian E Vaistij
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Dawn Worrall
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Geoff H Holroyd
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Jonathan G Wells
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Filip Kaminski
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Ian A Graham
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Michael R Roberts
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
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141
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Li Q, Zheng J, Li S, Huang G, Skilling SJ, Wang L, Li L, Li M, Yuan L, Liu P. Transporter-Mediated Nuclear Entry of Jasmonoyl-Isoleucine Is Essential for Jasmonate Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:695-708. [PMID: 28179150 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To control gene expression by directly responding to hormone concentrations, both animal and plant cells have exploited comparable mechanisms to sense small-molecule hormones in nucleus. Whether nuclear entry of these hormones is actively transported or passively diffused, as conventionally postulated, through the nuclear pore complex, remains enigmatic. Here, we identified and characterized a jasmonate transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtJAT1/AtABCG16, which exhibits an unexpected dual localization at the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane. We show that AtJAT1/AtABCG16 controls the cytoplasmic and nuclear partition of jasmonate phytohormones by mediating both cellular efflux of jasmonic acid (JA) and nuclear influx of jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and is essential for maintaining a critical nuclear JA-Ile concentration to activate JA signaling. These results illustrate that transporter-mediated nuclear entry of small hormone molecules is a new mechanism to regulate nuclear hormone signaling. Our findings provide an avenue to develop pharmaceutical agents targeting the nuclear entry of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shuaizhang Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Guanrong Huang
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Stephen J Skilling
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Mengya Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
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142
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Zhang L, Zhang F, Melotto M, Yao J, He SY. Jasmonate signaling and manipulation by pathogens and insects. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1371-1385. [PMID: 28069779 PMCID: PMC6075518 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants synthesize jasmonates (JAs) in response to developmental cues or environmental stresses, in order to coordinate plant growth, development or defense against pathogens and herbivores. Perception of pathogen or herbivore attack promotes synthesis of jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), which binds to the COI1-JAZ receptor, triggering the degradation of JAZ repressors and induction of transcriptional reprogramming associated with plant defense. Interestingly, some virulent pathogens have evolved various strategies to manipulate JA signaling to facilitate their exploitation of plant hosts. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the mechanism underlying the enigmatic switch between transcriptional repression and hormone-dependent transcriptional activation of JA signaling. We also discuss various strategies used by pathogens and insects to manipulate JA signaling and how interfering with this could be used as a novel means of disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Laboratory of Structural Sciences and Laboratory of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Maeli Melotto
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jian Yao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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143
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Structural basis of jasmonate-amido synthetase FIN219 in complex with glutathione S-transferase FIP1 during the JA signal regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1815-E1824. [PMID: 28223489 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1609980114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Far-red (FR) light-coupled jasmonate (JA) signaling is necessary for plant defense and development. FR insensitive 219 (FIN219) is a member of the Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) family of proteins in Arabidopsis and belongs to the adenylate-forming family of enzymes. It directly controls biosynthesis of jasmonoyl-isoleucine in JA-mediated defense responses and interacts with FIN219-interacting protein 1 (FIP1) under FR light conditions. FIN219 and FIP1 are involved in FR light signaling and are regulators of the interplay between light and JA signaling. However, how their interactions affect plant physiological functions remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the crystal structures of FIN219-FIP1 while binding with substrates at atomic resolution. Our results show an unexpected FIN219 conformation and demonstrate various differences between this protein and other members of the GH3 family. We show that the rotated C-terminal domain of FIN219 alters ATP binding and the core structure of the active site. We further demonstrate that this unique FIN219-FIP1 structure is crucial for increasing FIN219 activity and determines the priority of substrate binding. We suggest that the increased FIN219 activity resulting from the complex form, a conformation for domain switching, allows FIN219 to switch to its high-affinity mode and thereby enhances JA signaling under continuous FR light conditions.
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144
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Gimenez-Ibanez S, Boter M, Ortigosa A, García-Casado G, Chini A, Lewsey MG, Ecker JR, Ntoukakis V, Solano R. JAZ2 controls stomata dynamics during bacterial invasion. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1378-1392. [PMID: 28005270 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Coronatine (COR) facilitates entry of bacteria into the plant apoplast by stimulating stomata opening. COR-induced signaling events at stomata remain unclear. We found that the COR and jasmonate isoleucine (JA-Ile) co-receptor JAZ2 is constitutively expressed in guard cells and modulates stomatal dynamics during bacterial invasion We analyzed tissue expression patterns of AtJAZ genes and measured stomata opening and pathogen resistance in loss- and gain-of-function mutants. Arabidopsis jaz2 mutants are partially impaired in pathogen-induced stomatal closing and more susceptible to Pseudomonas. Gain-of-function mutations in JAZ2 prevent stomatal reopening by COR and are highly resistant to bacterial penetration. The JAZ2 targets MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4 directly regulate the expression of ANAC19, ANAC55 and ANAC72 to modulate stomata aperture. Due to the antagonistic interactions between the salicylic acid (SA) and JA defense pathways, efforts to increase resistance to biotrophs result in enhanced susceptibility to necrotrophs, and vice versa. Remarkably, dominant jaz2Δjas mutants are resistant to Pseudomonas syringae but retain unaltered resistance against necrotrophs. Our results demonstrate the existence of a COI1-JAZ2-MYC2,3,4-ANAC19,55,72 module responsible for the regulation of stomatal aperture that is hijacked by bacterial COR to promote infection. They also provide novel strategies for crop protection against biotrophs without compromising resistance to necrotrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Gimenez-Ibanez
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Marta Boter
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Andrés Ortigosa
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Gloria García-Casado
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Andrea Chini
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Mathew G Lewsey
- Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Vardis Ntoukakis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Roberto Solano
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain
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145
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Mozgová I, Muñoz-Viana R, Hennig L. PRC2 Represses Hormone-Induced Somatic Embryogenesis in Vegetative Tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006562. [PMID: 28095419 PMCID: PMC5283764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many plant cells can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent state that allows ectopic organ development. Inducing totipotent states to stimulate somatic embryo (SE) development is, however, challenging due to insufficient understanding of molecular barriers that prevent somatic cell dedifferentiation. Here we show that Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-activity imposes a barrier to hormone-mediated transcriptional reprogramming towards somatic embryogenesis in vegetative tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana. We identify factors that enable SE development in PRC2-depleted shoot and root tissue and demonstrate that the establishment of embryogenic potential is marked by ectopic co-activation of crucial developmental regulators that specify shoot, root and embryo identity. Using inducible activation of PRC2 in PRC2-depleted cells, we demonstrate that transient reduction of PRC2 activity is sufficient for SE formation. We suggest that modulation of PRC2 activity in plant vegetative tissue combined with targeted activation of developmental pathways will open possibilities for novel approaches to cell reprogramming. Somatic embryogenesis provides the strongest support for plant cell totipotency but reprogramming of non-reproductive tissue is problematic or even impossible in many plant species. Here we show that the activity of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) constitutes a major barrier to hormone-mediated establishment of embryogenic competence in plant vegetative tissue. We identify a conservative set of transcription factors whose expression coincides with the establishment of embryogenic competence in vegetative tissue, among which are key developmental regulators of root, shoot and embryo development. We show that lowering the PRC2-imposed barrier combined with activating hormone treatments establishes embryogenic competence in different tissue types, which opens possibilities for novel strategies to plant cell identity reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Mozgová
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (IM); (LH)
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Viana
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Hennig
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (IM); (LH)
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146
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Niethammer P. The early wound signals. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 40:17-22. [PMID: 27266971 PMCID: PMC5278878 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Wounding of tissue barriers, such as epithelia, disrupts homeostasis and allows infection. Within minutes, animals detect injury and respond to it by recruitment of phagocytes and barrier breach closure. The signals that activate these first events are scarcely known. Commonly considered are cytoplasmic factors released into the extracellular space by lysing cells (Damage Associated Molecular Patterns, DAMPs). DAMPs activate inflammatory gene transcription through pattern recognition receptors. But the promptness of wound responses is difficult to explain by transcriptional mechanisms alone. This review highlights the emerging role of nonlytic stress signals in the rapid detection of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Niethammer
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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147
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Ji SD, Wang ZY, Fan HJ, Zhang RS, Yu ZY, Wang JJ, Liu ZH. Heterologous expression of the Hsp24 from Trichoderma asperellum improves antifungal ability of Populus transformant Pdpap-Hsp24 s to Cytospora chrysosperma and Alternaria alternate. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:921-933. [PMID: 27193371 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses could be improved by transforming with fungal resistance-related genes. In this study, the cDNA sequence (GenBank Acc. No. KP337939) of the resistance-related gene Hsp24 encoding the 24 kD heat shock protein was obtained from the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma asperellum ACCC30536. The promoter region of Hsp24 contained many cis-regulators related to stresses response, such as "GCN4" and "GCR1" etc. Hsp24 transcription in T. asperellum was up-regulated under six different environmental stresses, compared with the control. Furthermore, following heterologous transformation into Populus davidiana × P. alba var. Pyramidalis (Pdpap), Hsp24 was successfully transcribed in transformant Pdpap-Hsp24s. Pathogen-related genes (PRs) in four Pdpap-Hsp24s were up-regulated compared with those in the control Pdpap (Pdpap-Con). After co-culture of Pdpap-Hsp24s with the weak parasite Cytospora chrysosperma, the transcription of genes related to hormone signal pathway (JA and SA) were up-regulated in Pdpap-Hsp24s, and ethidium bromide (EtBr) and Nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) staining assays indicated that the cell membrane permeability and the active oxygen content of Pdpap-Hsp24s leaves were lower than that of the control Pdpap-Con. And when the Pdpap-Hsp24s were under the Alternaria alternate stress, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) got higher in Pdpap-Hsp24s than that in Pdpap-Con, and the disease spots in Pdpap-Con leaves were obviously larger than those in Pdpap-Hsp24s leaves. In summary, Hsp24 of T. asperellum ACCC30536 is an important defense response gene, and its heterologous expression improved the resistance of transformant Pdpap-Hsp24s to C. chrysosperma and A. alternate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Ji
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Z Y Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - H J Fan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - R S Zhang
- The College of Landscape, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Z Y Yu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - J J Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China
| | - Z H Liu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, 150040, Harbin, China.
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148
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Ahmad P, Rasool S, Gul A, Sheikh SA, Akram NA, Ashraf M, Kazi AM, Gucel S. Jasmonates: Multifunctional Roles in Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:813. [PMID: 27379115 PMCID: PMC4908892 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) [Jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonates (MeJAs)] are known to take part in various physiological processes. Exogenous application of JAs so far tested on different plants under abiotic stresses particularly salinity, drought, and temperature (low/high) conditions have proved effective in improving plant stress tolerance. However, its extent of effectiveness entirely depends on the type of plant species tested or its concentration. The effects of introgression or silencing of different JA- and Me-JA-related genes have been summarized in this review, which have shown a substantial role in improving crop yield and quality in different plants under stress or non-stress conditions. Regulation of JAs synthesis is impaired in stressed as well as unstressed plant cells/tissues, which is believed to be associated with a variety of metabolic events including signal transduction. Although, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important components of JA signaling and biosynthesis pathways, nitric oxide, ROS, calcium, ABA, ethylene, and salicylic acid are also important mediators of plant growth and development during JA signal transduction and synthesis. The exploration of other signaling molecules can be beneficial to examine the details of underlying molecular mechanisms of JA signal transduction. Much work is to be done in near future to find the proper answers of the questions like action of JA related metabolites, and identification of universal JA receptors etc. Complete signaling pathways involving MAPKs, CDPK, TGA, SIPK, WIPK, and WRKY transcription factors are yet to be investigated to understand the complete mechanism of action of JAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, S.P. CollegeSrinagar, India
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saiema Rasool
- Forest Biotech Lab, Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSelangor, Malaysia
| | - Alvina Gul
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Science and TechnologyIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - Subzar A. Sheikh
- Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College (Boys), AnantnagAnantnag, India
| | - Nudrat A. Akram
- Department of Botany, GC University FaisalabadFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pakistan Science FoundationIslamabad, Pakistan
| | - A. M. Kazi
- Department of Botany, University of SargodhaSargodha, Pakistan
| | - Salih Gucel
- Centre for Environmental Research, Near East UniversityNicosia, Cyprus
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149
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Nguyen PDT, Pike S, Wang J, Nepal Poudel A, Heinz R, Schultz JC, Koo AJ, Mitchum MG, Appel HM, Gassmann W. The Arabidopsis immune regulator SRFR1 dampens defences against herbivory by Spodoptera exigua and parasitism by Heterodera schachtii. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2016; 17:588-600. [PMID: 26310916 PMCID: PMC6638418 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants have developed diverse mechanisms to fine tune defence responses to different types of enemy. Cross-regulation between signalling pathways may allow the prioritization of one response over another. Previously, we identified SUPPRESSOR OF rps4-RLD1 (SRFR1) as a negative regulator of ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1)-dependent effector-triggered immunity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 expressing avrRps4. The use of multiple stresses is a powerful tool to further define gene function. Here, we examined whether SRFR1 also impacts resistance to a herbivorous insect in leaves and to a cyst nematode in roots. Interestingly, srfr1-1 plants showed increased resistance to herbivory by the beet army worm Spodoptera exigua and to parasitism by the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii compared with the corresponding wild-type Arabidopsis accession RLD. Using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to measure the transcript levels of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonate/ethylene (JA/ET) pathway genes, we found that enhanced resistance of srfr1-1 plants to S. exigua correlated with specific upregulation of the MYC2 branch of the JA pathway concurrent with suppression of the SA pathway. In contrast, the greater susceptibility of RLD was accompanied by simultaneously increased transcript levels of SA, JA and JA/ET signalling pathway genes. Surprisingly, mutation of either SRFR1 or EDS1 increased resistance to H. schachtii, indicating that the concurrent presence of both wild-type genes promotes susceptibility. This finding suggests a novel form of resistance in Arabidopsis to the biotrophic pathogen H. schachtii or a root-specific regulation of the SA pathway by EDS1, and places SRFR1 at an intersection between multiple defence pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Dung T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Sharon Pike
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Jianying Wang
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Arati Nepal Poudel
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Division of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Robert Heinz
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Jack C Schultz
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Abraham J Koo
- Division of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Melissa G Mitchum
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Heidi M Appel
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
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150
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Choi WG, Hilleary R, Swanson SJ, Kim SH, Gilroy S. Rapid, Long-Distance Electrical and Calcium Signaling in Plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 67:287-307. [PMID: 27023742 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-112130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants integrate activities throughout their bodies using long-range signaling systems in which stimuli sensed by just a few cells are translated into mobile signals that can influence the activities in distant tissues. Such signaling can travel at speeds well in excess of millimeters per second and can trigger responses as diverse as changes in transcription and translation levels, posttranslational regulation, alterations in metabolite levels, and even wholesale reprogramming of development. In addition to the use of mobile small molecules and hormones, electrical signals have long been known to propagate throughout the plant. This electrical signaling network has now been linked to waves of Ca(2+) and reactive oxygen species that traverse the plant and trigger systemic responses. Analysis of cell type specificity in signal propagation has revealed the movement of systemic signals through specific cell types, suggesting that a rapid signaling network may be hardwired into the architecture of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Gyu Choi
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; , , , ,
| | - Richard Hilleary
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; , , , ,
| | - Sarah J Swanson
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; , , , ,
| | - Su-Hwa Kim
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; , , , ,
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; , , , ,
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