101
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Eremina L, Pashintseva N, Kovalev L, Kovaleva M, Shishkin S. Proteomics of mammalian mitochondria in health and malignancy: From protein identification to function. Anal Biochem 2018; 552:4-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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102
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Nonnenmacher Y, Hiller K. Biochemistry of proinflammatory macrophage activation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2093-2109. [PMID: 29502308 PMCID: PMC5948278 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, metabolism has been recognized as a major determinant of immunological processes. During an inflammatory response, macrophages undergo striking changes in their metabolism. This metabolic reprogramming is governed by a complex interplay between metabolic enzymes and metabolites of different pathways and represents the basis for proper macrophage function. It is now evident that these changes go far beyond the well-known Warburg effect and the perturbation of metabolic targets is being investigated as a means to treat infections and auto-immune diseases. In the present review, we will aim to provide an overview of the metabolic responses during proinflammatory macrophage activation and show how these changes modulate the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic Nonnenmacher
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany.
- Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany.
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103
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Effects of Chlorogenic Acid-Enriched and Hydroxyhydroquinone-Reduced Coffee on Postprandial Fat Oxidation and Antioxidative Capacity in Healthy Men: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040525. [PMID: 29690626 PMCID: PMC5946310 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) reduce blood pressure and body fat, and enhance fat metabolism. In roasted coffee, CGAs exist together with the oxidant component hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ). HHQ counteracts the antihypertensive effects of CGA, but its effects on CGA-induced fat oxidation (FOX) are unknown. Here we assessed the effects of CGA-enriched and HHQ-reduced coffee on FOX. Fifteen healthy male volunteers (age: 38 ± 8 years (mean ± SD); BMI: 22.4 ± 1.5 kg/m2) participated in this crossover study. Subjects consumed the test beverage (coffee) containing the same amount of CGA with HHQ (CGA-HHQ(+)) or without HHQ (CGA-HHQ(−)) for four weeks. Postprandial FOX and the ratio of the biological antioxidant potential (BAP) to the derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) as an indicator of oxidative stress were assessed. After the four-week intervention, postprandial FOX and the postprandial BAP/d-ROMs ratio were significantly higher in the CGA-HHQ(−) group compared with the CGA-HHQ(+) group (4 ± 23 mg/min, group effect: p = 0.040; 0.27 ± 0.74, group effect: p = 0.007, respectively). In conclusion, reducing the amount of HHQ facilitated the postprandial FOX effects of CGA in coffee. Our findings also suggest that the mechanism underlying the inhibition of FOX by HHQ is related to postprandial oxidative stress.
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104
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Nitric Oxide and Mitochondrial Function in Neurological Diseases. Neuroscience 2018; 376:48-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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105
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Morris G, Puri BK, Walder K, Berk M, Stubbs B, Maes M, Carvalho AF. The Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Neuroprogressive Diseases: Emerging Pathophysiological Role and Translational Implications. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8765-8787. [PMID: 29594942 PMCID: PMC6208857 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main cellular organelle involved in protein synthesis, assembly and secretion. Accumulating evidence shows that across several neurodegenerative and neuroprogressive diseases, ER stress ensues, which is accompanied by over-activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Although the UPR could initially serve adaptive purposes in conditions associated with higher cellular demands and after exposure to a range of pathophysiological insults, over time the UPR may become detrimental, thus contributing to neuroprogression. Herein, we propose that immune-inflammatory, neuro-oxidative, neuro-nitrosative, as well as mitochondrial pathways may reciprocally interact with aberrations in UPR pathways. Furthermore, ER stress may contribute to a deregulation in calcium homoeostasis. The common denominator of these pathways is a decrease in neuronal resilience, synaptic dysfunction and even cell death. This review also discusses how mechanisms related to ER stress could be explored as a source for novel therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative and neuroprogressive diseases. The design of randomised controlled trials testing compounds that target aberrant UPR-related pathways within the emerging framework of precision psychiatry is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Tir Na Nog, Bryn Road seaside 87, Llanelli, Wales, SA15 2LW, UK
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England, W12 0HS, UK.
| | - Ken Walder
- The Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
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106
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Hydroxyhydroquinone impairs fat utilization in mice by reducing nitric oxide availability. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:855-864. [PMID: 29572772 PMCID: PMC6223984 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-018-0605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Habitual consumption of chlorogenic acid compounds (CGAs) from coffee increases fat catabolism and reduces body fat; however, the contribution of roasted coffee remains unclear. Hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ) impairs the vasodilatory and antihypertensive effects of CGAs by reducing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Since HHQ also reduces fat catabolism, we hypothesized that HHQ does so by decreasing NO availability. Therefore, we investigated the effect of HHQ on energy metabolism in KKAy mice. In HHQ-treated mice, fat oxidation was significantly low and dose-dependent, serum and urinary hydrogen peroxide were high, and plasma NO metabolites and S-nitrosylated liver proteins were low. In HHQ-treated mouse hepatocytes, the palmitate-induced increase in cellular oxygen consumption was negatively affected, and HHQ or L-NAME reduced cellular fatty acid utilization. In conclusion, HHQ can impair fat utilization by reducing NO availability in mice. Protein S-nitrosylation reduction in liver cells after HHQ consumption may be associated with impaired fatty acid oxidation.
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107
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Bruegger JJ, Smith BC, Wynia-Smith SL, Marletta MA. Comparative and integrative metabolomics reveal that S-nitrosation inhibits physiologically relevant metabolic enzymes. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6282-6296. [PMID: 29483187 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.817700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine S-nitrosation is a reversible post-translational modification mediated by nitric oxide (•NO)-derived agents. S-Nitrosation participates in cellular signaling and is associated with several diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neuronal disorders. Despite the physiological importance of this nonclassical •NO-signaling pathway, little is understood about how much S-nitrosation affects protein function. Moreover, identifying physiologically relevant targets of S-nitrosation is difficult because of the dynamics of transnitrosation and a limited understanding of the physiological mechanisms leading to selective protein S-nitrosation. To identify proteins whose activities are modulated by S-nitrosation, we performed a metabolomics study comparing WT and endothelial nitric-oxide synthase knockout mice. We integrated our results with those of a previous proteomics study that identified physiologically relevant S-nitrosated cysteines, and we found that the activity of at least 21 metabolic enzymes might be regulated by S-nitrosation. We cloned, expressed, and purified four of these enzymes and observed that S-nitrosation inhibits the metabolic enzymes 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, catechol-O-methyltransferase, and d-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, using site-directed mutagenesis, we identified the predominant cysteine residue influencing the observed activity changes in each enzyme. In summary, using an integrated metabolomics approach, we have identified several physiologically relevant S-nitrosation targets, including metabolic enzymes, which are inhibited by this modification, and we have found the cysteines modified by S-nitrosation in each enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael A Marletta
- From the QB3 Institute and .,Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3220
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108
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Qian Q, Zhang Z, Orwig A, Chen S, Ding WX, Xu Y, Kunz RC, Lind NRL, Stamler JS, Yang L. S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Dysfunction Contributes to Obesity-Associated Hepatic Insulin Resistance via Regulating Autophagy. Diabetes 2018; 67:193-207. [PMID: 29074597 PMCID: PMC10515702 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with elevated intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production, which promotes nitrosative stress in metabolic tissues such as liver and skeletal muscle, contributing to insulin resistance. The onset of obesity-associated insulin resistance is due, in part, to the compromise of hepatic autophagy, a process that leads to lysosomal degradation of cellular components. However, it is not known how NO bioactivity might impact autophagy in obesity. Here, we establish that S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), a major protein denitrosylase, provides a key regulatory link between inflammation and autophagy, which is disrupted in obesity and diabetes. We demonstrate that obesity promotes S-nitrosylation of lysosomal proteins in the liver, thereby impairing lysosomal enzyme activities. Moreover, in mice and humans, obesity and diabetes are accompanied by decreases in GSNOR activity, engendering nitrosative stress. In mice with a GSNOR deletion, diet-induced obesity increases lysosomal nitrosative stress and impairs autophagy in the liver, leading to hepatic insulin resistance. Conversely, liver-specific overexpression of GSNOR in obese mice markedly enhances lysosomal function and autophagy and, remarkably, improves insulin action and glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, overexpression of S-nitrosylation-resistant variants of lysosomal enzymes enhances autophagy, and pharmacologically and genetically enhancing autophagy improves hepatic insulin sensitivity in GSNOR-deficient hepatocytes. Taken together, our data indicate that obesity-induced protein S-nitrosylation is a key mechanism compromising the hepatic autophagy, contributing to hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Qian
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, The Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, The Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Allyson Orwig
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, The Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Songhai Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Yanji Xu
- Shaun and Lilly International, LLC, Collierville, TN
| | - Ryan C Kunz
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Center for Multiplexed Proteomics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nicholas R L Lind
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, The Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, The Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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109
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Alcock LJ, Perkins MV, Chalker JM. Chemical methods for mapping cysteine oxidation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:231-268. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Methods to characterise oxidative modifications of cysteine help clarify their role in protein function in both healthy and diseased cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Alcock
- College of Science and Engineering
- Flinders University
- South Australia
- Australia
| | - Michael V. Perkins
- College of Science and Engineering
- Flinders University
- South Australia
- Australia
| | - Justin M. Chalker
- College of Science and Engineering
- Flinders University
- South Australia
- Australia
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110
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Nakamura T, Lipton SA. 'SNO'-Storms Compromise Protein Activity and Mitochondrial Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:879-892. [PMID: 29097102 PMCID: PMC5701818 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), is currently a major public health concern due to the lack of efficient disease-modifying therapeutic options. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and nitrosative/oxidative stress are key common mediators of pathogenesis. In this review, we highlight molecular mechanisms linking NO-dependent post-translational modifications, such as cysteine S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration, to abnormal mitochondrial metabolism. We further discuss the hypothesis that pathological levels of NO compromise brain energy metabolism via aberrant S-nitrosylation of key enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, contributing to neurodegenerative conditions. A better understanding of these pathophysiological events may provide a potential pathway for designing novel therapeutics to ameliorate neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nakamura
- Neuroscience Translational Center, and Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Neuroscience Translational Center, and Departments of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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111
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Guo X, Niemi NM, Hutchins PD, Condon SGF, Jochem A, Ulbrich A, Higbee AJ, Russell JD, Senes A, Coon JJ, Pagliarini DJ. Ptc7p Dephosphorylates Select Mitochondrial Proteins to Enhance Metabolic Function. Cell Rep 2017; 18:307-313. [PMID: 28076776 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper maintenance of mitochondrial activity is essential for metabolic homeostasis. Widespread phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins may be an important element of this process; yet, little is known about which enzymes control mitochondrial phosphorylation or which phosphosites have functional impact. We investigate these issues by disrupting Ptc7p, a conserved but largely uncharacterized mitochondrial matrix PP2C-type phosphatase. Loss of Ptc7p causes respiratory growth defects concomitant with elevated phosphorylation of select matrix proteins. Among these, Δptc7 yeast exhibit an increase in phosphorylation of Cit1p, the canonical citrate synthase of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, that diminishes its activity. We find that phosphorylation of S462 can eliminate Cit1p enzymatic activity likely by disrupting its proper dimerization, and that Ptc7p-driven dephosphorylation rescues Cit1p activity. Collectively, our work connects Ptc7p to an essential TCA cycle function and to additional phosphorylation events that may affect mitochondrial activity inadvertently or in a regulatory manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Natalie M Niemi
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul D Hutchins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Samson G F Condon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Adam Jochem
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Arne Ulbrich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alan J Higbee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jason D Russell
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alessandro Senes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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112
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Salimian Rizi B, Achreja A, Nagrath D. Nitric Oxide: The Forgotten Child of Tumor Metabolism. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:659-672. [PMID: 28867169 PMCID: PMC5679229 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule with pleiotropic physiological roles in normal cells and pathophysiological roles in cancer. NO synthetase expression and NO synthesis are linked to altered metabolism, neoplasticity, invasiveness, chemoresistance, immune evasion, and ultimately to poor prognosis of cancer patients. Exogenous NO in the microenvironment facilitates paracrine signaling, mediates immune responses, and triggers angiogenesis. NO regulates posttranslational protein modifications, S-nitrosation, and genome-wide epigenetic modifications that can have both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing effects. We review mechanisms that link NO to cancer hallmarks, with a perspective of co-targeting NO metabolism with first-line therapies for improved outcome. We highlight the need for quantitative flux analysis to study NO in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Salimian Rizi
- Agilent Technologies, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Abhinav Achreja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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113
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Morris G, Walder K, Carvalho AF, Tye SJ, Lucas K, Berk M, Maes M. The role of hypernitrosylation in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neuroprogressive diseases. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 84:453-469. [PMID: 28789902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a wealth of data indicating that de novo protein S-nitrosylation in general and protein transnitrosylation in particular mediates the bulk of nitric oxide signalling. These processes enable redox sensing and facilitate homeostatic regulation of redox dependent protein signalling, function, stability and trafficking. Increased S-nitrosylation in an environment of increasing oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) is initially a protective mechanism aimed at maintaining protein structure and function. When O&NS becomes severe, mechanisms governing denitrosylation and transnitrosylation break down leading to the pathological state referred to as hypernitrosylation (HN). Such a state has been implicated in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases and we investigate its potential role in the development and maintenance of neuroprogressive disorders. In this paper, we propose a model whereby the hypernitrosylation of a range of functional proteins and enzymes lead to changes in activity which conspire to produce at least some of the core abnormalities contributing to the development and maintenance of pathology in these illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Tir Na Nog, Bryn Road seaside 87, Llanelli, SA152LW, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, The Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-040, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Susannah J Tye
- Deakin University, The Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia; Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-040, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Centre of Youth Mental Health, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Centre of Youth Mental Health, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia.
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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114
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Advances in the Understanding and Treatment of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2017; 5:132-142. [PMID: 29177110 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-017-0125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review This review focuses on advances made in the past three years with regards to understanding the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathway, the pathophysiological ramifications of genetic lesions in FAO enzymes, and emerging therapies for FAO disorders. Recent findings FAO has now been recognized to play a key energetic role in pulmonary surfactant synthesis, T-cell differentiation and memory, and the response of the proximal tubule to kidney injury. Patients with FAO disorders may face defects in these cellular systems as they age. Aspirin, statins, and nutritional supplements modulate the rate of FAO under normal conditions and could be risk factors for triggering symptoms in patients with FAO disorders. Patients have been identified with mutations in the ACAD9 and ECHS1 genes, which may represent new FAO disorders. New interventions for long-chain FAODs are in clinical trials. Finally, post-translational modifications that regulate fatty acid oxidation protein activities have been characterized that represent important new therapeutic targets. Summary Recent research has led to a deeper understanding of FAO. New therapeutic avenues are being pursued that may ultimately cause a paradigm shift for patient care.
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115
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Tang CY, Mauro C. Similarities in the Metabolic Reprogramming of Immune System and Endothelium. Front Immunol 2017; 8:837. [PMID: 28785263 PMCID: PMC5519526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism has been known for its role in bioenergetics. In recent years, much light has been shed on the reprogrammable cellular metabolism underlying many vital cellular processes, such as cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. Metabolic reprogramming in immune and endothelial cells (ECs) is being studied extensively. These cell compartments are implicated in inflammation and pathogenesis of many diseases but their similarities in metabolic reprogramming have not been analyzed in detail. One of the most notable metabolic reprogramming is the Warburg-like effect, famously described as one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Immune cells and ECs can display this phenotype that is characterized by a metabolic switch favoring glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in aerobic conditions. Though energy-inefficient, aerobic glycolysis confers many benefits to the respiring cells ranging from higher rate of adenosine triphosphate production to maintaining redox homeostasis. Chemical and biological regulators either promote or perturb this effect. In this review, nitric oxide, hypoxia-inducible factor, and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase have been discussed for their common involvement in metabolic reprogramming of both systems. From in vitro and animal studies, various discrepancies exist regarding the effects of those regulators on metabolic switch. However, it is generally accepted that glycolysis favors inflammatory reactions while OXPHOS favors anti-inflammatory processes. The reasons for such observation are currently subject of intense studies and not completely understood. Finally, metabolic reprogramming in immune cells and ECs does not limit to the physiological state in health but can also be observed in pathological states, such as atherosclerosis and cancer. These new insights provide us with a better understanding of the similarities in metabolic reprogramming across a number of cell types, which could pave the way for future research and possible metabolic-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Yik Tang
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Health Sciences Education, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Mauro
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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116
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Chouchani ET, James AM, Methner C, Pell VR, Prime TA, Erickson BK, Forkink M, Lau GY, Bright TP, Menger KE, Fearnley IM, Krieg T, Murphy MP. Identification and quantification of protein S-nitrosation by nitrite in the mouse heart during ischemia. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14486-14495. [PMID: 28710281 PMCID: PMC5582841 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.798744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) are known to be cardioprotective and to alter energy metabolism in vivo NO3- action results from its conversion to NO2- by salivary bacteria, but the mechanism(s) by which NO2- affects metabolism remains obscure. NO2- may act by S-nitrosating protein thiols, thereby altering protein activity. But how this occurs, and the functional importance of S-nitrosation sites across the mammalian proteome, remain largely uncharacterized. Here we analyzed protein thiols within mouse hearts in vivo using quantitative proteomics to determine S-nitrosation site occupancy. We extended the thiol-redox proteomic technique, isotope-coded affinity tag labeling, to quantify the extent of NO2--dependent S-nitrosation of proteins thiols in vivo Using this approach, called SNOxICAT (S-nitrosothiol redox isotope-coded affinity tag), we found that exposure to NO2- under normoxic conditions or exposure to ischemia alone results in minimal S-nitrosation of protein thiols. However, exposure to NO2- in conjunction with ischemia led to extensive S-nitrosation of protein thiols across all cellular compartments. Several mitochondrial protein thiols exposed to the mitochondrial matrix were selectively S-nitrosated under these conditions, potentially contributing to the beneficial effects of NO2- on mitochondrial metabolism. The permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane to HNO2, but not to NO2-, combined with the lack of S-nitrosation during anoxia alone or by NO2- during normoxia places constraints on how S-nitrosation occurs in vivo and on its mechanisms of cardioprotection and modulation of energy metabolism. Quantifying S-nitrosated protein thiols now allows determination of modified cysteines across the proteome and identification of those most likely responsible for the functional consequences of NO2- exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Chouchani
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02284-9168, .,the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Andrew M James
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Carmen Methner
- the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria R Pell
- the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy A Prime
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Brian K Erickson
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02284-9168.,the Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Marleen Forkink
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Gigi Y Lau
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Thomas P Bright
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Katja E Menger
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Ian M Fearnley
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
| | - Thomas Krieg
- the Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Murphy
- the Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United Kingdom, and
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117
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Guo X, Niemi NM, Coon JJ, Pagliarini DJ. Integrative proteomics and biochemical analyses define Ptc6p as the Saccharomyces cerevisiae pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11751-11759. [PMID: 28539364 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.787341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is the primary metabolic checkpoint connecting glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and is important for maintaining cellular and organismal glucose homeostasis. Phosphorylation of the PDC E1 subunit was identified as a key inhibitory modification in bovine tissue ∼50 years ago, and this regulatory process is now known to be conserved throughout evolution. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a pervasive model organism for investigating cellular metabolism and its regulation by signaling processes, the phosphatase(s) responsible for activating the PDC in S. cerevisiae has not been conclusively defined. Here, using comparative mitochondrial phosphoproteomics, analyses of protein-protein interactions by affinity enrichment-mass spectrometry, and in vitro biochemistry, we define Ptc6p as the primary PDC phosphatase in S. cerevisiae Our analyses further suggest additional substrates for related S. cerevisiae phosphatases and describe the overall phosphoproteomic changes that accompany mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction. In summary, our quantitative proteomics and biochemical analyses have identified Ptc6p as the primary-and likely sole-S. cerevisiae PDC phosphatase, closing a key knowledge gap about the regulation of yeast mitochondrial metabolism. Our findings highlight the power of integrative omics and biochemical analyses for annotating the functions of poorly characterized signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715; Departments of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Natalie M Niemi
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715; Departments of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715; Departments of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Genome Center of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715; Departments of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.
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118
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Duan J, Gaffrey MJ, Qian WJ. Quantitative proteomic characterization of redox-dependent post-translational modifications on protein cysteines. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:816-829. [PMID: 28357434 PMCID: PMC5493446 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00861e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein thiols play a crucial role in redox signaling, in the regulation of enzymatic activity and protein function, and in maintaining redox homeostasis in living systems. The unique chemical reactivity of the thiol group makes protein cysteines susceptible to reactions with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that form various reversible and irreversible post-translational modifications (PTMs). The reversible PTMs in particular are major components of redox signaling and are involved in the regulation of various cellular processes under physiological and pathological conditions. The biological significance of these redox PTMs in both healthy and disease states has been increasingly recognized. Herein, we review recent advances in quantitative proteomic approaches for investigating redox PTMs in complex biological systems, including general considerations of sample processing, chemical or affinity enrichment strategies, and quantitative approaches. We also highlight a number of redox proteomic approaches that enable effective profiling of redox PTMs for specific biological applications. Although technical limitations remain, redox proteomics is paving the way to a better understanding of redox signaling and regulation in both healthy and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Duan
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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119
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Low molecular weight xanthan gum for treating osteoarthritis. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 164:386-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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120
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Tonazzi A, Giangregorio N, Console L, De Palma A, Indiveri C. Nitric oxide inhibits the mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier through reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteine 136. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:475-482. [PMID: 28438511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation of the mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine transporter (CACT) has been investigated on the native and the recombinant proteins reconstituted in proteoliposomes, and on intact mitochondria. The widely-used NO-releasing compound, GSNO, strongly inhibited the antiport measured in proteoliposomes reconstituted with the native CACT from rat liver mitochondria or the recombinant rat CACT over-expressed in E. coli. Inhibition was reversed by the reducing agent dithioerythritol, indicating a reaction mechanism based on nitrosylation of Cys residues of the CACT. The half inhibition constant (IC50) was very similar for the native and recombinant proteins, i.e., 74 and 71μM, respectively. The inhibition resulted to be competitive with respect the substrate, carnitine. NO competed also with NEM, correlating well with previous data showing interference of NEM with the substrate transport path. Using a site-directed mutagenesis approach on Cys residues of the recombinant CACT, the target of NO was identified. C136 plays a major role in the reaction mechanism. The occurrence of S-nitrosylation was demonstrated in intact mitochondria after treatment with GSNO, immunoprecipitation and immunostaining of CACT with a specific anti NO-Cys antibody. In parallel samples, transport activity of CACT measured in intact mitochondria, was strongly inhibited after GSNO treatment. The possible physiological and pathological implications of the post-translational modification of CACT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Tonazzi
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Giangregorio
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Lara Console
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Via Bucci 4C, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Annalisa De Palma
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology, via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy; Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Via Bucci 4C, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
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121
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Soga S, Ota N, Shimotoyodome A. Reduction in hydroxyhydroquinone from coffee increases postprandial fat utilization in healthy humans: a randomized double-blind, cross-over trial. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1433-1435. [PMID: 28322128 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1301802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to clarify the effect of reduction in hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ) from roasted coffee on energy utilization in humans. Indirect calorimetry showed that one-week ingestion of HHQ-reduced coffee led to significantly higher postprandial fat utilization than that of HHQ-containing coffee. This finding indicates that reduction in HHQ from coffee increases postprandial fat utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Soga
- a Biological Science Research , Kao Corporation , Ichikai-machi , Japan
| | - Noriyasu Ota
- a Biological Science Research , Kao Corporation , Ichikai-machi , Japan
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122
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Gu L, Robinson RAS. Proteomic approaches to quantify cysteine reversible modifications in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:1159-1177. [PMID: 27666938 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine is a highly reactive amino acid and is subject to a variety of reversible post-translational modifications (PTMs), including nitrosylation, glutathionylation, palmitoylation, as well as formation of sulfenic acid and disulfides. These modifications are not only involved in normal biological activities, such as enzymatic catalysis, redox signaling, and cellular homeostasis, but can also be the result of oxidative damage. Especially in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, oxidative stress leads to aberrant cysteine oxidations that affect protein structure and function leading to neurodegeneration as well as other detrimental effects. Methods that can identify cysteine modifications by type, including the site of modification, as well as the relative stoichiometry of the modification can be very helpful for understanding the role of the thiol proteome and redox homeostasis in the context of disease. Cysteine reversible modifications however, are challenging to investigate as they are low abundant, diverse, and labile especially under endogenous conditions. Thanks to the development of redox proteomic approaches, large-scale quantification of cysteine reversible modifications is possible. These approaches cover a range of strategies to enrich, identify, and quantify cysteine reversible modifications from biological samples. This review will focus on nongel-based redox proteomics workflows that give quantitative information about cysteine PTMs and highlight how these strategies have been useful for investigating the redox thiol proteome in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Renã A S Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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123
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Stram AR, Payne RM. Post-translational modifications in mitochondria: protein signaling in the powerhouse. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4063-73. [PMID: 27233499 PMCID: PMC5045789 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is an intimate interplay between cellular metabolism and the pathophysiology of disease. Mitochondria are essential to maintaining and regulating metabolic function of cells and organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in diverse diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, neurodegeneration, cancer, and aging. Multiple reversible post-translational protein modifications are located in the mitochondria that are responsive to nutrient availability and redox conditions, and which can act in protein-protein interactions to modify diverse mitochondrial functions. Included in this are physiologic redox signaling via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, acetylation, and succinylation, among others. With the advent of mass proteomic screening techniques, there has been a vast increase in the array of known mitochondrial post-translational modifications and their protein targets. The functional significance of these processes in disease etiology, and the pathologic response to their disruption, are still under investigation. However, many of these reversible modifications act as regulatory mechanisms in mitochondria and show promise for mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic strategies. This review addresses the current knowledge of post-translational processing and signaling mechanisms in mitochondria, and their implications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Stram
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Room R4-302b, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - R Mark Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Room R4-302b, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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124
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Rhee SG, Kil IS. Mitochondrial H 2O 2 signaling is controlled by the concerted action of peroxiredoxin III and sulfiredoxin: Linking mitochondrial function to circadian rhythm. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:73-80. [PMID: 28236420 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during energy metabolism in most mammalian cells as well as during the oxidation of cholesterol associated with the synthesis of steroid hormones in steroidogenic cells. Some of the H2O2 produced in mitochondria is released into the cytosol, where it serves as a key regulator of various signaling pathways. Given that mitochondria are equipped with several H2O2-eliminating enzymes, however, it had not been clear how mitochondrial H2O2 can escape destruction by these enzymes for such release. Peroxiredoxin III (PrxIII) is the most abundant and efficient H2O2-eliminating enzyme in mitochondria of most cell types. We found that PrxIII undergoes reversible inactivation through hyperoxidation of its catalytic cysteine residue to cysteine sulfinic acid, and that release of mitochondrial H2O2 likely occurs as a result of such PrxIII inactivation. The hyperoxidized form of PrxIII (PrxIII-SO2H) is reduced and reactivated by sulfiredoxin (Srx). We also found that the amounts of PrxIII-SO2H and Srx undergo antiphasic circadian oscillation in mitochondria of the adrenal gland, heart, and brown adipose tissue of mice maintained under normal conditions. Cytosolic Srx was found to be imported into mitochondria via a mechanism that requires formation of a disulfide-linked complex with heat shock protein 90, which is likely promoted by H2O2 released from mitochondria. The imported Srx was found to be degraded by Lon protease in a manner dependent on PrxIII hyperoxidation state. The coordinated import and degradation of Srx underlie Srx oscillation and consequent PrxIII-SO2H oscillation in mitochondria. The rhythmic change in the amount of PrxIII-SO2H suggests that mitochondrial release of H2O2 is also likely a circadian event that conveys temporal information on steroidogenesis in the adrenal gland and on energy metabolism in heart and brown adipose tissue to cytosolic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Goo Rhee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Sup Kil
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
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125
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Metabolic reprogramming & inflammation: Fuelling the host response to pathogens. Semin Immunol 2016; 28:450-468. [PMID: 27780657 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Successful immune responses to pathogens rely on efficient host innate processes to contain and limit bacterial growth, induce inflammatory response and promote antigen presentation for the development of adaptive immunity. This energy intensive process is regulated through multiple mechanisms including receptor-mediated signaling, control of phago-lysomal fusion events and promotion of bactericidal activities. Inherent macrophage activities therefore are dynamic and are modulated by signals and changes in the environment during infection. So too does the way these cells obtain their energy to adapt to altered homeostasis. It has emerged recently that the pathways employed by immune cells to derive energy from available or preferred nutrients underline the dynamic changes associated with immune activation. In particular, key breakpoints have been identified in the metabolism of glucose and lipids which direct not just how cells derive energy in the form of ATP, but also cellular phenotype and activation status. Much of this comes about through altered flux and accumulation of intermediate metabolites. How these changes in metabolism directly impact on the key processes required for anti-microbial immunity however, is less obvious. Here, we examine the 2 key nutrient utilization pathways employed by innate cells to fuel central energy metabolism and examine how these are altered in response to activation during infection, emphasising how certain metabolic switches or 'reprogramming' impacts anti-microbial processes. By examining carbohydrate and lipid pathways and how the flux of key intermediates intersects with innate immune signaling and the induction of bactericidal activities, we hope to illustrate the importance of these metabolic switches for protective immunity and provide a potential mechanism for how altered metabolic conditions in humans such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia alter the host response to infection.
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126
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Wynia-Smith SL, Smith BC. Nitrosothiol formation and S-nitrosation signaling through nitric oxide synthases. Nitric Oxide 2016; 63:52-60. [PMID: 27720836 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule impacting many biological pathways. NO is produced in mammals by three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms: neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible (iNOS). nNOS and eNOS produce low concentrations of NO for paracrine signaling; NO produced and released from one cell diffuses to a neighboring cell where it binds and activates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). iNOS produces high concentrations of NO using NO toxicity to amplify the innate immune response. Recent work has also defined protein cysteine S-nitrosation as a pathway of sGC-independent NO signaling. Though many studies have shown that S-nitrosation regulates the activity of NOS isoforms and other proteins in vivo, many issues need to be resolved to establish S-nitrosation as a viable signaling mechanism. Several chemical mechanisms result in S-nitrosation including transition metal-catalyzed pathways, NO oxidation followed by thiolate reaction, and thiyl radical recombination with NO. Once formed, nitrosothiols can be transferred between cellular cysteine residues via transnitrosation reactions. However, it is largely unclear how these chemical processes result in selective S-nitrosation of specific cellular cysteine residues. S-nitrosation site selectivity may be imparted via direct interactions or colocalization with NOS isoforms that focus chemical or transnitrosation mechanisms of nitrosothiol formation or transfer. Here, we discuss chemical mechanisms of nitrosothiol formation, S-nitrosation of NOS isoforms, and potential S-nitrosation signaling cascades resulting from NOS S-nitrosation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Wynia-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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127
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Rhee SG, Kil IS. Mitochondrial H 2O 2 signaling is controlled by the concerted action of peroxiredoxin III and sulfiredoxin: Linking mitochondrial function to circadian rhythm. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:120-127. [PMID: 27497909 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during energy metabolism in most mammalian cells as well as during the oxidation of cholesterol associated with the synthesis of steroid hormones in steroidogenic cells. Some of the H2O2 produced in mitochondria is released into the cytosol, where it serves as a key regulator of various signaling pathways. Given that mitochondria are equipped with several H2O2-eliminating enzymes, however, it had not been clear how mitochondrial H2O2 can escape destruction by these enzymes for such release. Peroxiredoxin III (PrxIII) is the most abundant and efficient H2O2-eliminating enzyme in mitochondria of most cell types. We found that PrxIII undergoes reversible inactivation through hyperoxidation of its catalytic cysteine residue to cysteine sulfinic acid, and that release of mitochondrial H2O2 likely occurs as a result of such PrxIII inactivation. The hyperoxidized form of PrxIII (PrxIII-SO2H) is reduced and reactivated by sulfiredoxin (Srx). We also found that the amounts of PrxIII-SO2H and Srx undergo antiphasic circadian oscillation in mitochondria of the adrenal gland, heart, and brown adipose tissue of mice maintained under normal conditions. Cytosolic Srx was found to be imported into mitochondria via a mechanism that requires formation of a disulfide-linked complex with heat shock protein 90, which is likely promoted by H2O2 released from mitochondria. The imported Srx was found to be degraded by Lon protease in a manner dependent on PrxIII hyperoxidation state. The coordinated import and degradation of Srx underlie Srx oscillation and consequent PrxIII-SO2H oscillation in mitochondria. The rhythmic change in the amount of PrxIII-SO2H suggests that mitochondrial release of H2O2 is also likely a circadian event that conveys temporal information on steroidogenesis in the adrenal gland and on energy metabolism in heart and brown adipose tissue to cytosolic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Goo Rhee
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Sup Kil
- Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
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128
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Kastaniotis AJ, Autio KJ, Kerätär JM, Monteuuis G, Mäkelä AM, Nair RR, Pietikäinen LP, Shvetsova A, Chen Z, Hiltunen JK. Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis, fatty acids and mitochondrial physiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:39-48. [PMID: 27553474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria and fatty acids are tightly connected to a multiplicity of cellular processes that go far beyond mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism. In line with this view, there is hardly any common metabolic disorder that is not associated with disturbed mitochondrial lipid handling. Among other aspects of mitochondrial lipid metabolism, apparently all eukaryotes are capable of carrying out de novo fatty acid synthesis (FAS) in this cellular compartment in an acyl carrier protein (ACP)-dependent manner. The dual localization of FAS in eukaryotic cells raises the questions why eukaryotes have maintained the FAS in mitochondria in addition to the "classic" cytoplasmic FAS and what the products are that cannot be substituted by delivery of fatty acids of extramitochondrial origin. The current evidence indicates that mitochondrial FAS is essential for cellular respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis. Although both β-oxidation and FAS utilize thioester chemistry, CoA acts as acyl-group carrier in the breakdown pathway whereas ACP assumes this role in the synthetic direction. This arrangement metabolically separates these two pathways running towards opposite directions and prevents futile cycling. A role of this pathway in mitochondrial metabolic sensing has recently been proposed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipids of Mitochondria edited by Guenther Daum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Kastaniotis
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Kaija J Autio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha M Kerätär
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Geoffray Monteuuis
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anne M Mäkelä
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Remya R Nair
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura P Pietikäinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antonina Shvetsova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zhijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - J Kalervo Hiltunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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129
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Grievink H, Zeltcer G, Drenger B, Berenshtein E, Chevion M. Protection by Nitric Oxide Donors of Isolated Rat Hearts Is Associated with Activation of Redox Metabolism and Ferritin Accumulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159951. [PMID: 27447933 PMCID: PMC4957751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconditioning (PC) procedures (ischemic or pharmacological) are powerful procedures used for attaining protection against prolonged ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, in a variety of organs, including the heart. The detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the protection by PC are however, complex and only partially understood. Recently, an ‘iron-based mechanism’ (IBM), that includes de novo ferritin synthesis and accumulation, was proposed to explain the specific steps in cardioprotection generated by IPC. The current study investigated whether nitric oxide (NO), generated by exogenous NO-donors, could play a role in the observed IBM of cardioprotection by IPC. Therefore, three distinct NO-donors were investigated at different concentrations (1–10 μM): sodium nitroprusside (SNP), 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). Isolated rat hearts were retrogradely perfused using the Langendorff configuration and subjected to prolonged ischemia and reperfusion with or without pretreatment by NO-donors. Hemodynamic parameters, infarct sizes and proteins of the methionine-centered redox cycle (MCRC) were analyzed, as well as cytosolic aconitase (CA) activity and ferritin protein levels. All NO-donors had significant effects on proteins involved in the MCRC system. Nonetheless, pretreatment with 10 μM SNAP was found to evoke the strongest effects on Msr activity, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase protein levels. These effects were accompanied with a significant reduction in infarct size, increased CA activity, and ferritin accumulation. Conversely, pretreatment with 2 μM SIN-1 increased infarct size and was associated with slightly lower ferritin protein levels. In conclusion, the abovementioned findings indicate that NO, depending on its bio-active redox form, can regulate iron metabolism and plays a role in the IBM of cardioprotection against reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilbert Grievink
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hebrew University—Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Galina Zeltcer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Radiology, Hebrew University—Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Drenger
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hebrew University—Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eduard Berenshtein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Electron Microscopy Unit, The Core Research Facility, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mordechai Chevion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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130
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Longen S, Richter F, Köhler Y, Wittig I, Beck KF, Pfeilschifter J. Quantitative Persulfide Site Identification (qPerS-SID) Reveals Protein Targets of H2S Releasing Donors in Mammalian Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29808. [PMID: 27411966 PMCID: PMC4944133 DOI: 10.1038/srep29808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
H2S is an important signalling molecule involved in diverse biological processes. It mediates the formation of cysteine persulfides (R-S-SH), which affect the activity of target proteins. Like thiols, persulfides show reactivity towards electrophiles and behave similarly to other cysteine modifications in a biotin switch assay. In this manuscript, we report on qPerS-SID a mass spectrometry-based method allowing the isolation of persulfide containing peptides in the mammalian proteome. With this method, we demonstrated that H2S donors differ in their efficacy to induce persulfides in HEK293 cells. Furthermore, data analysis revealed that persulfide formation affects all subcellular compartments and various cellular processes. Negatively charged amino acids appeared more frequently adjacent to cysteines forming persulfides. We confirmed our proteomic data using pyruvate kinase M2 as a model protein and showed that several cysteine residues are prone to persulfide formation finally leading to its inactivation. Taken together, the site-specific identification of persulfides on a proteome scale can help to identify target proteins involved in H2S signalling and enlightens the biology of H2S and its releasing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Longen
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Richter
- Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yvette Köhler
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karl-Friedrich Beck
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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131
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Morris G, Berk M, Klein H, Walder K, Galecki P, Maes M. Nitrosative Stress, Hypernitrosylation, and Autoimmune Responses to Nitrosylated Proteins: New Pathways in Neuroprogressive Disorders Including Depression and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4271-4291. [PMID: 27339878 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide plays an indispensable role in modulating cellular signaling and redox pathways. This role is mainly effected by the readily reversible nitrosylation of selective protein cysteine thiols. The reversibility and sophistication of this signaling system is enabled and regulated by a number of enzymes which form part of the thioredoxin, glutathione, and pyridoxine antioxidant systems. Increases in nitric oxide levels initially lead to a defensive increase in the number of nitrosylated proteins in an effort to preserve their function. However, in an environment of chronic oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), nitrosylation of crucial cysteine groups within key enzymes of the thioredoxin, glutathione, and pyridoxine systems leads to their inactivation thereby disabling denitrosylation and transnitrosylation and subsequently a state described as "hypernitrosylation." This state leads to the development of pathology in multiple domains such as the inhibition of enzymes of the electron transport chain, decreased mitochondrial function, and altered conformation of proteins and amino acids leading to loss of immune tolerance and development of autoimmunity. Hypernitrosylation also leads to altered function or inactivation of proteins involved in the regulation of apoptosis, autophagy, proteomic degradation, transcription factor activity, immune-inflammatory pathways, energy production, and neural function and survival. Hypernitrosylation, as a consequence of chronically elevated O&NS and activated immune-inflammatory pathways, can explain many characteristic abnormalities observed in neuroprogressive disease including major depression and chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. In those disorders, increased bacterial translocation may drive hypernitrosylation and autoimmune responses against nitrosylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Tir Na Nog, Bryn Road seaside 87, Llanelli, SA152LW, Wales, UK
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Centre of Youth Mental Health, Poplar Road 35, Parkville, 3052, Australia
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, Royal Parade 30, Parkville, 3052, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Level 1 North, Main Block, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Hans Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Walder
- Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- Revitalis, Waalre, The Netherlands.
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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132
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Gu L, Robinson RAS. High-throughput endogenous measurement of S-nitrosylation in Alzheimer's disease using oxidized cysteine-selective cPILOT. Analyst 2016; 141:3904-15. [PMID: 27152368 PMCID: PMC4904844 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00417b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reversible cysteine modifications play important physiological roles such as modulating enzymatic catalysis, maintaining redox homeostasis and conducting cellular signaling. These roles can be critical in the context of disease. Oxidative modifications such as S-nitrosylation (SNO) are signatures of neurodestruction in conditions of oxidative stress however are also indicators of neuroprotection and normal signaling in cellular environments with low concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. SNO is a dynamic and low abundance modification and requires sensitive and selective analytical methods for its detection in biological tissues. Here we present an enhanced multiplexing strategy to study SNO in complex mixtures arising from tissues. This method, termed oxidized cysteine-selective cPILOT (OxcyscPILOT), allows simultaneous analysis of SNO-modified peptides in 12 samples. OxcyscPILOT has three primary steps: (1) blocking of free thiols by a cysteine-reactive reagent, (2) enrichment of peptides containing SNO on a solid phase resin, and (3) isotopic labeling and isobaric tagging of enriched peptides on the solid phase resin. This approach offers the advantage of allowing total protein abundance levels to be measured simultaneously with endogenous SNO levels and measurement of SNO levels across four biological replicates in a single analysis. Furthermore, the relative amount of SNO on a specific cysteine site can also be determined. A well-known model of Alzheimer's disease, the APP/PS-1 transgenic mouse model, was selected for demonstration of the method as several SNO-modified proteins have previously been reported in brain and synaptosomes from AD subjects. OxcyscPILOT analysis resulted in identification of 138 SNO-modified cysteines in brain homogenates that correspond to 135 proteins. Many of these SNO-modified proteins were only present in wild-type or AD mice, whereas 93 proteins had SNO signals in both WT and AD. Pathway analysis links SNO-modified proteins to various biological pathways especially metabolism and signal transduction, consistent with previous reports in the literature. The OxcyscPILOT strategy provides enhanced multiplexing capability to current redox proteomics methods to study oxidative modifications of cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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133
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Zhou Y, Wynia-Smith SL, Couvertier SM, Kalous KS, Marletta MA, Smith BC, Weerapana E. Chemoproteomic Strategy to Quantitatively Monitor Transnitrosation Uncovers Functionally Relevant S-Nitrosation Sites on Cathepsin D and HADH2. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:727-37. [PMID: 27291402 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is an endogenous transnitrosation donor involved in S-nitrosation of a variety of cellular proteins, thereby regulating diverse protein functions. Quantitative proteomic methods are necessary to establish which cysteine residues are most sensitive to GSNO-mediated transnitrosation. Here, a competitive cysteine-reactivity profiling strategy was implemented to quantitatively measure the sensitivity of >600 cysteine residues to transnitrosation by GSNO. This platform identified a subset of cysteine residues with a high propensity for GSNO-mediated transnitrosation. Functional characterization of previously unannotated S-nitrosation sites revealed that S-nitrosation of a cysteine residue distal to the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type 2 (HADH2) active site impaired catalytic activity. Similarly, S-nitrosation of a non-catalytic cysteine residue in the lysosomal aspartyl protease cathepsin D (CTSD) inhibited proteolytic activation. Together, these studies revealed two previously uncharacterized cysteine residues that regulate protein function, and established a chemical-proteomic platform with capabilities to determine substrate specificity of other cellular transnitrosation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Sarah L Wynia-Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | | - Kelsey S Kalous
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michael A Marletta
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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134
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Van Hoose PM, Kelm NQ, Piell KM, Cole MP. Conjugated linoleic acid and nitrite attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction during myocardial ischemia. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 34:8-16. [PMID: 27156147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular health is influenced by dietary composition and the western diet is composed of varying types/amounts of fat. Conjugated linoleic acid (cLA) is an abundant dietary unsaturated fatty acid associated with health benefits but its biological signaling is not well understood. Nitrite is enriched in vegetables within the diet and can impact signaling of unsaturated fatty acids; however, its role on cLA signaling is not well understood. Elucidating how nitrite may impact the biological signaling of cLA is important due to the dietary consumption of both cLA and nitrite in the western diet. Since co-administration of cLA and nitrite results in cardioprotection during myocardial infarction (MI), it was hypothesized that cLA and nitrite may affect cardiac mitochondrial respiratory function and complex activity in MI. C57BL/6J mice were treated with cLA and nitrite for either 10 or 13days, where MI was induced on day 3. Following treatment, respiration and complex activity were measured. Among the major findings of this study, cLA treatment (10days) decreases state 3 respiration in vivo. Following MI, nitrite alone and in combination with cLA attenuates increased state 3 respiration and decreases hydrogen peroxide levels. Further, nitrite and cLA co-treatment attenuates increased complex III activity after MI. These results suggest that cLA, nitrite and the combination significantly alter cardiac mitochondrial respiratory and electron transport chain activity in vivo and following MI. Overall, the daily consumption of cLA and nitrite in the diet can have diverse cardiovascular implications, some of which occur at the mitochondrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Van Hoose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Natia Qipshidze Kelm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Kellianne M Piell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Marsha P Cole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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135
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Montagna C, Rizza S, Maiani E, Piredda L, Filomeni G, Cecconi F. To eat, or NOt to eat: S-nitrosylation signaling in autophagy. FEBS J 2016; 283:3857-3869. [PMID: 27083138 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is the main catabolic cellular process through which cells adapt their needs (e.g., growth and proliferation) to environmental availability of nutrients (e.g., amino acid and glucose) and growth factors. The rapid activation of the autophagy response essentially depends on protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), which act as molecular switches triggering signaling cascades. Deregulation of autophagy contributes to pathological conditions, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Therefore, understanding how PTMs affect the occurrence of autophagy is of the highest importance for clinical applications. Besides phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, which represent the best known examples of PTMs, redox-based modifications are also emerging as contributing to the regulation of intracellular signaling. Of note, S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues is a redox PTM and is the principal mechanism of nitric oxide-based signaling. Results emerging in recent years suggest that NO has a role in modulating autophagy. However, the function of S-nitrosylation in autophagy regulation remains still unveiled. By this review, we describe the upstream events regulating autophagy activation focusing on recently published evidence implying a S-nitrosylation-dependent regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucia Piredda
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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136
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Watanabe Y. [Regulation of calcium signals via redox modification]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2016; 147:285-289. [PMID: 27181723 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.147.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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137
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Kumarasinghe G, Gao L, Hicks M, Villanueva J, Doyle A, Rao P, Ru Qiu M, Jabbour A, Iyer A, Chew HC, Hayward CS, Macdonald P. Improved heart function from older donors using pharmacologic conditioning strategies. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016; 35:636-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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138
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Margaritelis NV, Cobley JN, Paschalis V, Veskoukis AS, Theodorou AA, Kyparos A, Nikolaidis MG. Principles for integrating reactive species into in vivo biological processes: Examples from exercise physiology. Cell Signal 2016; 28:256-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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139
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S-nitrosation of proteins relevant to Alzheimer's disease during early stages of neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4152-7. [PMID: 27035958 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521318113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein S-nitrosation (SNO-protein), the nitric oxide-mediated posttranslational modification of cysteine thiols, is an important regulatory mechanism of protein function in both physiological and pathological pathways. A key first step toward elucidating the mechanism by which S-nitrosation modulates a protein's function is identification of the targeted cysteine residues. Here, we present a strategy for the simultaneous identification of SNO-cysteine sites and their cognate proteins to profile the brain of the CK-p25-inducible mouse model of Alzheimer's disease-like neurodegeneration. The approach-SNOTRAP (SNO trapping by triaryl phosphine)-is a direct tagging strategy that uses phosphine-based chemical probes, allowing enrichment of SNO-peptides and their identification by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. SNOTRAP identified 313 endogenous SNO-sites in 251 proteins in the mouse brain, of which 135 SNO-proteins were detected only during neurodegeneration. S-nitrosation in the brain shows regional differences and becomes elevated during early stages of neurodegeneration in the CK-p25 mouse. The SNO-proteome during early neurodegeneration identified increased S-nitrosation of proteins important for synapse function, metabolism, and Alzheimer's disease pathology. In the latter case, proteins related to amyloid precursor protein processing and secretion are S-nitrosated, correlating with increased amyloid formation. Sequence analysis of SNO-cysteine sites identified potential linear motifs that are altered under pathological conditions. Collectively, SNOTRAP is a direct tagging tool for global elucidation of the SNO-proteome, providing functional insights of endogenous SNO proteins in the brain and its dysregulation during neurodegeneration.
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140
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Majmudar JD, Konopko AM, Labby KJ, Tom CT, Crellin JE, Prakash A, Martin BR. Harnessing Redox Cross-Reactivity To Profile Distinct Cysteine Modifications. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1852-9. [PMID: 26780921 PMCID: PMC4883004 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine S-nitrosation and S-sulfination are naturally occurring post-translational modifications (PTMs) on proteins induced by physiological signals and redox stress. Here we demonstrate that sulfinic acids and nitrosothiols react to form a stable thiosulfonate bond, and leverage this reactivity using sulfinate-linked probes to enrich and annotate hundreds of endogenous S-nitrosated proteins. In physiological buffers, sulfinic acids do not react with iodoacetamide or disulfides, enabling selective alkylation of free thiols and site-specific analysis of S-nitrosation. In parallel, S-nitrosothiol-linked probes enable enrichment and detection of endogenous S-sulfinated proteins, confirming that a single sulfinic acid can react with a nitrosothiol to form a thiosulfonate linkage. Using this approach, we find that hydrogen peroxide addition increases S-sulfination of human DJ-1 (PARK7) at Cys106, whereas Cys46 and Cys53 are fully oxidized to sulfonic acids. Comparative gel-based analysis of different mouse tissues reveals distinct profiles for both S-nitrosation and S-sulfination. Quantitative proteomic analysis demonstrates that both S-nitrosation and S-sulfination are widespread, yet exhibit enhanced occupancy on select proteins, including thioredoxin, peroxiredoxins, and other validated redox active proteins. Overall, we present a direct, bidirectional method to profile select redox cysteine modifications based on the unique nucleophilicity of sulfinic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimeen D. Majmudar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Aaron M. Konopko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kristin J. Labby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christopher T.M.B. Tom
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John E. Crellin
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ashesh Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brent R. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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141
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Choi MS, Jung JY, Kim HJ, Ham MR, Lee TR, Shin DW. S-nitrosylation of fatty acid synthase regulates its activity through dimerization. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:607-15. [PMID: 26851298 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m065805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NO regulates a variety of physiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation. S-nitrosylation, a NO-mediated reversible protein modification, leads to changes in the activity and function of proteins. In particular, the role of S-nitrosylation during adipogenesis is largely unknown. We hypothesized that the normal physiological levels of NO, but not the excess levels generated under severe conditions, such as inflammation, may be critically involved in the proper regulation of adipogenesis. We found that endogenous S-nitrosylation of proteins was required for adipocyte differentiation. By performing a biotin-switch assay, we identified FAS, a key lipogenic enzyme in adipocytes, as a target of S-nitrosylation during adipogenesis. Interestingly, we also observed that the dimerization of FAS increased in parallel with the amount of S-nitrosylated FAS during adipogenesis. In addition, we found that exogenous NO enhanced the dimerization and the enzymatic activity of FAS. Moreover, site-directed mutagenesis of three predicted S-nitrosylation sites indicated that S-nitrosylation of FAS at Cys(1471)and Cys(2091), but not at Cys(1127), increased its enzymatic activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the S-nitrosylation of FAS at normal physiological levels of NO increases its activity through dimerization and may contribute to the proper regulation of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sik Choi
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, 314-1, Bora-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Jung
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, 314-1, Bora-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-June Kim
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, 314-1, Bora-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ra Ham
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, 314-1, Bora-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ryong Lee
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, 314-1, Bora-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Basic Research and Innovation Division, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, 314-1, Bora-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
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142
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Nakamura T, Lipton SA. Protein S-Nitrosylation as a Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 37:73-84. [PMID: 26707925 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
At physiological levels, nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the maintenance of normal neuronal activity and survival, thus serving as an important regulatory mechanism in the central nervous system. By contrast, accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to environmental toxins or the normal aging process can trigger excessive production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (such as NO), contributing to the etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases. We highlight here protein S-nitrosylation, resulting from covalent attachment of an NO group to a cysteine thiol of the target protein, as a ubiquitous effector of NO signaling in both health and disease. We review our current understanding of this redox-dependent post-translational modification under neurodegenerative conditions, and evaluate how targeting dysregulated protein S-nitrosylation can lead to novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
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143
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Induction, Propagation, and Activity of Host Nitric Oxide: Lessons from Leishmania Infection. Trends Parasitol 2015; 31:653-664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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144
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Kramer PA, Duan J, Qian WJ, Marcinek DJ. The Measurement of Reversible Redox Dependent Post-translational Modifications and Their Regulation of Mitochondrial and Skeletal Muscle Function. Front Physiol 2015; 6:347. [PMID: 26635632 PMCID: PMC4658434 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative stress is a common feature of skeletal myopathies across multiple conditions; however, the mechanism by which it contributes to skeletal muscle dysfunction remains controversial. Oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA has received the most attention, yet an important role for reversible redox post-translational modifications (PTMs) in pathophysiology is emerging. The possibility that these PTMs can exert dynamic control of muscle function implicates them as a mechanism contributing to skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic disease. Herein, we discuss the significance of thiol-based redox dependent modifications to mitochondrial, myofibrillar, and excitation-contraction (EC) coupling proteins with an emphasis on how these changes could alter skeletal muscle performance under chronically stressed conditions. A major barrier to a better mechanistic understanding of the role of reversible redox PTMs in muscle function is the technical challenges associated with accurately measuring the changes of site-specific redox PTMs. Here we will critically review current approaches with an emphasis on sample preparation artifacts, quantitation, and specificity. Despite these challenges, the ability to accurately quantify reversible redox PTMs is critical to understanding the mechanisms by which mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Kramer
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jicheng Duan
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, WA, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, WA, USA
| | - David J Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA
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145
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Figueiredo-Freitas C, Dulce RA, Foster MW, Liang J, Yamashita AMS, Lima-Rosa FL, Thompson JW, Moseley MA, Hare JM, Nogueira L, Sorenson MM, Pinto JR. S-Nitrosylation of Sarcomeric Proteins Depresses Myofilament Ca2+)Sensitivity in Intact Cardiomyocytes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1017-34. [PMID: 26421519 PMCID: PMC4649751 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The heart responds to physiological and pathophysiological stress factors by increasing its production of nitric oxide (NO), which reacts with intracellular glutathione to form S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a protein S-nitrosylating agent. Although S-nitrosylation protects some cardiac proteins against oxidative stress, direct effects on myofilament performance are unknown. We hypothesize that S-nitrosylation of sarcomeric proteins will modulate the performance of cardiac myofilaments. RESULTS Incubation of intact mouse cardiomyocytes with S-nitrosocysteine (CysNO, a cell-permeable low-molecular-weight nitrosothiol) significantly decreased myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity. In demembranated (skinned) fibers, S-nitrosylation with 1 μM GSNO also decreased Ca(2+) sensitivity of contraction and 10 μM reduced maximal isometric force, while inhibition of relaxation and myofibrillar ATPase required higher concentrations (≥ 100 μM). Reducing S-nitrosylation with ascorbate partially reversed the effects on Ca(2+) sensitivity and ATPase activity. In live cardiomyocytes treated with CysNO, resin-assisted capture of S-nitrosylated protein thiols was combined with label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to quantify S-nitrosylation and determine the susceptible cysteine sites on myosin, actin, myosin-binding protein C, troponin C and I, tropomyosin, and titin. The ability of sarcomere proteins to form S-NO from 10-500 μM CysNO in intact cardiomyocytes was further determined by immunoblot, with actin, myosin, myosin-binding protein C, and troponin C being the more susceptible sarcomeric proteins. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSIONS Thus, specific physiological effects are associated with S-nitrosylation of a limited number of cysteine residues in sarcomeric proteins, which also offer potential targets for interventions in pathophysiological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cícero Figueiredo-Freitas
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida.,2 Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .,3 Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, Florida
| | - Raul A Dulce
- 4 Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami , Miami, Florida
| | - Matthew W Foster
- 5 Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina.,6 Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jingsheng Liang
- 3 Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, Florida
| | - Aline M S Yamashita
- 2 Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frederico L Lima-Rosa
- 2 Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J Will Thompson
- 6 Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - M Arthur Moseley
- 6 Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joshua M Hare
- 4 Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami , Miami, Florida
| | - Leonardo Nogueira
- 2 Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martha M Sorenson
- 2 Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Renato Pinto
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida.,3 Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, Florida
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146
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Dinkova-Kostova AT, Abramov AY. The emerging role of Nrf2 in mitochondrial function. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:179-188. [PMID: 25975984 PMCID: PMC4726722 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 669] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2; gene name NFE2L2) allows adaptation and survival under conditions of stress by regulating the gene expression of diverse networks of cytoprotective proteins, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification enzymes as well as proteins that assist in the repair or removal of damaged macromolecules. Nrf2 has a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis by regulating the biosynthesis, utilization, and regeneration of glutathione, thioredoxin, and NADPH and by controlling the production of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria and NADPH oxidase. Under homeostatic conditions, Nrf2 affects the mitochondrial membrane potential, fatty acid oxidation, availability of substrates (NADH and FADH2/succinate) for respiration, and ATP synthesis. Under conditions of stress or growth factor stimulation, activation of Nrf2 counteracts the increased reactive oxygen species production in mitochondria via transcriptional upregulation of uncoupling protein 3 and influences mitochondrial biogenesis by maintaining the levels of nuclear respiratory factor 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α, as well as by promoting purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Pharmacological Nrf2 activators, such as the naturally occurring isothiocyanate sulforaphane, inhibit oxidant-mediated opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and mitochondrial swelling. Curiously, a synthetic 1,4-diphenyl-1,2,3-triazole compound, originally designed as an Nrf2 activator, was found to promote mitophagy, thereby contributing to the overall mitochondrial homeostasis. Thus, Nrf2 is a prominent player in supporting the structural and functional integrity of the mitochondria, and this role is particularly crucial under conditions of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cancer Research, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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147
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Yang J, Carroll KS, Liebler DC. The Expanding Landscape of the Thiol Redox Proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:1-11. [PMID: 26518762 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o115.056051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine occupies a unique place in protein chemistry. The nucleophilic thiol group allows cysteine to undergo a broad range of redox modifications beyond classical thiol-disulfide redox equilibria, including S-sulfenylation (-SOH), S-sulfinylation (-SO(2)H), S-sulfonylation (-SO(3)H), S-nitrosylation (-SNO), S-sulfhydration (-SSH), S-glutathionylation (-SSG), and others. Emerging evidence suggests that these post-translational modifications (PTM) are important in cellular redox regulation and protection against oxidative damage. Identification of protein targets of thiol redox modifications is crucial to understanding their roles in biology and disease. However, analysis of these highly labile and dynamic modifications poses challenges. Recent advances in the design of probes for thiol redox forms, together with innovative mass spectrometry based chemoproteomics methods make it possible to perform global, site-specific, and quantitative analyses of thiol redox modifications in complex proteomes. Here, we review chemical proteomic strategies used to expand the landscape of thiol redox modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- From the ‡National Center for Protein Sciences · Beijing, Beijing, 102206, China; §State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing, 102206, China;
| | - Kate S Carroll
- ¶Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Daniel C Liebler
- ‖Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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148
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Houten SM, Violante S, Ventura FV, Wanders RJA. The Biochemistry and Physiology of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Its Genetic Disorders. Annu Rev Physiol 2015; 78:23-44. [PMID: 26474213 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is the major pathway for the degradation of fatty acids and is essential for maintaining energy homeostasis in the human body. Fatty acids are a crucial energy source in the postabsorptive and fasted states when glucose supply is limiting. But even when glucose is abundantly available, FAO is a main energy source for the heart, skeletal muscle, and kidney. A series of enzymes, transporters, and other facilitating proteins are involved in FAO. Recessively inherited defects are known for most of the genes encoding these proteins. The clinical presentation of these disorders may include hypoketotic hypoglycemia, (cardio)myopathy, arrhythmia, and rhabdomyolysis and illustrates the importance of FAO during fasting and in hepatic and (cardio)muscular function. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge on the biochemistry and physiological functions of FAO and discuss the pathophysiological processes associated with FAO disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander M Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; ,
| | - Sara Violante
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; ,
| | - Fatima V Ventura
- Metabolism and Genetics Group, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, iMed.ULisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; .,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; .,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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149
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Lund M, Olsen RKJ, Gregersen N. A short introduction to acyl-CoA dehydrogenases; deficiencies and novel treatment strategies. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1092869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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150
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Rizi BS, Nagrath D. Linking omentum and ovarian cancer: NO. Oncoscience 2015; 2:797-8. [PMID: 26682250 PMCID: PMC4671925 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Salimian Rizi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, and Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, and Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
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