101
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Zhou Y, Wang Y, Qiao S, Yin L. Effects of Apelin on Cardiovascular Aging. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1035. [PMID: 29302260 PMCID: PMC5732982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin is the endogenous ligand of APJ, the orphan G protein-coupled receptor. The apelin-APJ signal transduction pathway is widely expressed in the cardiovascular system and is an important factor in cardiovascular homeostasis. This signal transduction pathway has long been related to diseases with high morbidity in the elderly, such as atherosclerosis, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, calcific aortic valve disease, heart failure and atrial fibrillation. In this review, we discuss the apelin-APJ signal transduction pathway related to age-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shubin Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Yin
- School of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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102
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Renaud-Gabardos E, Tatin F, Hantelys F, Lebas B, Calise D, Kunduzova O, Masri B, Pujol F, Sicard P, Valet P, Roncalli J, Chaufour X, Garmy-Susini B, Parini A, Prats AC. Therapeutic Benefit and Gene Network Regulation by Combined Gene Transfer of Apelin, FGF2, and SERCA2a into Ischemic Heart. Mol Ther 2017; 26:902-916. [PMID: 29249393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable advances in cardiovascular disease treatment, heart failure remains a public health challenge. In this context, gene therapy appears as an attractive approach, but clinical trials using single therapeutic molecules result in moderate benefit. With the objective of improving ischemic heart failure therapy, we designed a combined treatment, aimed to simultaneously stimulate angiogenesis, prevent cardiac remodeling, and restore contractile function. We have previously validated IRES-based vectors as powerful tools to co-express genes of interest. Mono- and multicistronic lentivectors expressing fibroblast growth factor 2 (angiogenesis), apelin (cardioprotection), and/or SERCA2a (contractile function) were produced and administrated by intramyocardial injection into a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Data reveal that combined treatment simultaneously improves vessel number, heart function parameters, and fibrosis prevention, due to FGF2, SERCA2a, and apelin, respectively. Furthermore, addition of SERCA2a in the combination decreases cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Large-scale transcriptome analysis reveals that the triple treatment is the most efficient in restoring angiogenic balance as well as expression of genes involved in cardiac function and remodeling. Our study validates the concept of combined treatment of ischemic heart disease with apelin, FGF2, and SERCA2a and shows that such therapeutic benefit is mediated by a more effective recovery of gene network regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florence Tatin
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, FHU IMPACT, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Fransky Hantelys
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, FHU IMPACT, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Benoît Lebas
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, FHU IMPACT, 31432 Toulouse, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Calise
- UMS 006, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Oksana Kunduzova
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, FHU IMPACT, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Masri
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, FHU IMPACT, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Pujol
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, FHU IMPACT, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Sicard
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, FHU IMPACT, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Valet
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, FHU IMPACT, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Roncalli
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, FHU IMPACT, 31432 Toulouse, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Chaufour
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, FHU IMPACT, 31432 Toulouse, France; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Barbara Garmy-Susini
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, FHU IMPACT, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Angelo Parini
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, FHU IMPACT, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Catherine Prats
- UMR 1048-I2MC, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, FHU IMPACT, 31432 Toulouse, France.
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103
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Ishimaru Y, Shibagaki F, Yamamuro A, Yoshioka Y, Maeda S. An apelin receptor antagonist prevents pathological retinal angiogenesis with ischemic retinopathy in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15062. [PMID: 29118394 PMCID: PMC5678128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological retinal angiogenesis is caused by the progression of ischemic retinal diseases and can result in retinal detachment and irreversible blindness. This neovascularization is initiated from the retinal veins and their associated capillaries and involves the overgrowth of vascular endothelial cells. Since expression of the apelin receptor (APJ) is restricted to the veins and proliferative endothelial cells during physiological retinal angiogenesis, in the present study, we investigated the effect of APJ inhibition on pathological retinal angiogenesis in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). In vitro experiments revealed that ML221, an APJ antagonist, suppressed cultured-endothelial cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Intraperitoneal administration of ML221 inhibited pathological angiogenesis but enhanced the recovery of normal vessels into the ischemic regions in the retina of the OIR model mice. ML221 did not affect the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR2) in the retina. APJ was highly expressed in the endothelial cells within abnormal vessels but was only detected in small amounts in morphologically normal vessels. These results suggest that APJ inhibitors selectively prevent pathological retinal angiogenesis and that the drugs targeting APJ may be new a candidate for treating ischemic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishimaru
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan.
| | - Fumiya Shibagaki
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamamuro
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshioka
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Sadaaki Maeda
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan.
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104
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Frump AL, Bonnet S, de Jesus Perez VA, Lahm T. Emerging role of angiogenesis in adaptive and maladaptive right ventricular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L443-L460. [PMID: 29097426 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00374.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) function is the primary prognostic factor for both morbidity and mortality in pulmonary hypertension (PH). RV hypertrophy is initially an adaptive physiological response to increased overload; however, with persistent and/or progressive afterload increase, this response frequently transitions to more pathological maladaptive remodeling. The mechanisms and disease processes underlying this transition are mostly unknown. Angiogenesis has recently emerged as a major modifier of RV adaptation in the setting of pressure overload. A novel paradigm has emerged that suggests that angiogenesis and angiogenic signaling are required for RV adaptation to afterload increases and that impaired and/or insufficient angiogenesis is a major driver of RV decompensation. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the concepts of maladaptive and adaptive RV remodeling, discuss the current literature on angiogenesis in the adapted and failing RV, and identify potential therapeutic approaches targeting angiogenesis in RV failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Frump
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University , Quebec City, Quebec , Canada
| | - Vinicio A de Jesus Perez
- Division of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
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105
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Abstract
Elabela (ELA), the second peptide ligand for the apelin receptor, APLNR, was previously found in lower vertebrates to be crucial for endoderm and cardiac development. Two new studies report on the phenotypes of Ela null mice, ranging from defective embryogenesis to preeclampsia, providing new insights and raising greater intrigue on this cardiometabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irinna Papangeli
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Hyung J Chun
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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106
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Zhang ZZ, Wang W, Jin HY, Chen X, Cheng YW, Xu YL, Song B, Penninger JM, Oudit GY, Zhong JC. Apelin Is a Negative Regulator of Angiotensin II-Mediated Adverse Myocardial Remodeling and Dysfunction. Hypertension 2017; 70:1165-1175. [PMID: 28974565 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The apelin pathway has emerged as a critical regulator of cardiovascular homeostasis and disease. However, the exact role of pyr1-apelin-13 in angiotensin (Ang) II-mediated heart disease remains unclear. We used apelin-deficient (APLN-/y) and apolipoprotein E knockout mice to evaluate the regulatory roles of pyr1-apelin-13. The 1-year aged APLN-/y mice developed myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction with reduced angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 levels. Ang II infusion (1.5 mg kg-1 d-1) for 4 weeks potentiated oxidative stress, pathological hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis in young APLN-/y hearts resulting in exacerbation of cardiac dysfunction. Importantly, daily administration of 100 μg/kg pyr1-apelin-13 resulted in upregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 levels, decreased superoxide production and expression of hypertrophy- and fibrosis-related genes leading to attenuated myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction in the Ang II-infused apolipoprotein E knockout mice. In addition, pyr1-apelin-13 treatment largely attenuated Ang II-induced apoptosis and ultrastructural injury in the apolipoprotein E knockout mice by activating Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation signaling. In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts, exposure of Ang II decreased angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein and increased superoxide generation, cellular proliferation, and migration, which were rescued by pyr1-apelin-13, and Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase agonist stimulation. The increased superoxide generation and apoptosis in cultured cardiofibroblasts in response to Ang II were strikingly prevented by pyr1-apelin-13 which was partially reversed by cotreatment with the Akt inhibitor MK2206. In conclusion, pyr1-apelin-13 peptide pathway is a negative regulator of aging-mediated and Ang II-mediated adverse myocardial remodeling and dysfunction and represents a potential candidate to prevent and treat heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhou Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.)
| | - Wang Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.)
| | - Hai-Yan Jin
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.)
| | - Xueyi Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.)
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.)
| | - Ying-Le Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.)
| | - Bei Song
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.)
| | - Josef M Penninger
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.)
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.).
| | - Jiu-Chang Zhong
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.).
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107
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Peyronnet R, Bollensdorff C, Capel RA, Rog-Zielinska EA, Woods CE, Charo DN, Lookin O, Fajardo G, Ho M, Quertermous T, Ashley EA, Kohl P. Load-dependent effects of apelin on murine cardiomyocytes. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 130:333-343. [PMID: 28935153 PMCID: PMC5726609 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The apelin peptide is described as one of the most potent inotropic agents, produced endogenously in a wide range of cells, including cardiomyocytes. Despite positive effects on cardiac contractility in multicellular preparations, as well as indications of cardio-protective actions in several diseases, its effects and mechanisms of action at the cellular level are incompletely understood. Here, we report apelin effects on dynamic mechanical characteristics of single ventricular cardiomyocytes, isolated from mouse models (control, apelin-deficient [Apelin-KO], apelin-receptor KO mouse [APJ-KO]), and rat. Dynamic changes in maximal velocity of cell shortening and relaxation were monitored. In addition, more traditional indicators of inotropic effects, such as maximum shortening (in mechanically unloaded cells) or peak force development (in auxotonic contracting cells, preloaded using the carbon fibre technique) were studied. The key finding is that, using Apelin-KO cardiomyocytes exposed to different preloads with the 2-carbon fibre technique, we observe a lowering of the slope of the end-diastolic stress-length relation in response to 10 nM apelin, an effect that is preload-dependent. This suggests a positive lusitropic effect of apelin, which could explain earlier counter-intuitive findings on an apelin-induced increase in contractility occurring without matching rise in oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Peyronnet
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg · Bad Krozingen, Medical School of the University of Freiburg, Germany; Imperial College London, NHLI, Heart Science Centre, UK.
| | - Christian Bollensdorff
- Imperial College London, NHLI, Heart Science Centre, UK; Sidra Medical and Research Center, Qatar Foundation, Qatar
| | | | - Eva A Rog-Zielinska
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg · Bad Krozingen, Medical School of the University of Freiburg, Germany; Imperial College London, NHLI, Heart Science Centre, UK
| | - Christopher E Woods
- Stanford University Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, USA; Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Burlingame, CA, USA
| | - David N Charo
- Stanford University Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Oleg Lookin
- Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Giovanni Fajardo
- Stanford University Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Michael Ho
- Stanford University Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | | | - Euan A Ashley
- Stanford University Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg · Bad Krozingen, Medical School of the University of Freiburg, Germany; Imperial College London, NHLI, Heart Science Centre, UK
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108
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Zarrinkalam E, Heidarianpour A. Effect of 8-Week Aerobic, Strength and Concurrent Training on Circulating Apelin in Morphine-Dependent Rats. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.11.5.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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109
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O’Carroll AM, Salih S, Griffiths PR, Bijabhai A, Knepper MA, Lolait SJ. Expression and functional implications of the renal apelinergic system in rodents. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183094. [PMID: 28817612 PMCID: PMC5560558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin binds to the G protein-coupled apelin receptor (APJ; gene name aplnr) to modulate diverse physiological systems including cardiovascular function, and hydromineral and metabolic balance. Recently a second endogenous ligand for APJ, named apela, has been discovered. We confirm that apela activates signal transduction pathways (ERK activation) in cells expressing the cloned rat APJ. Previous studies suggest that exogenous apela is diuretic, attributable wholly or in part to an action on renal APJ. Thus far the cellular distribution of apela in the kidney has not been reported. We have utilized in situ hybridization histochemistry to reveal strong apela labelling in the inner medulla (IM), with lower levels observed in the inner stripe of the outer medulla (ISOM), of rat and mouse kidneys. This contrasts with renal aplnr expression where the converse is apparent, with intense labelling in the ISOM (consistent with vasa recta labelling) and low-moderate hybridization in the IM, in addition to labelling of glomeruli. Apelin is found in sparsely distributed cells amongst more prevalent aplnr-labelled cells in extra-tubular regions of the medulla. This expression profile is supported by RNA-Seq data that shows that apela, but not apelin or aplnr, is highly expressed in microdissected rat kidney tubules. If endogenous tubular apela promotes diuresis in the kidney it could conceivably do this by interacting with APJ in vasculature, or via an unknown receptor in the tubules. The comparative distribution of apela, apelin and aplnr in the rodent kidney lays the foundation for future work on how the renal apelinergic system interacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie O’Carroll
- Bristol Medical School, HW-LINE, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Sabrine Salih
- Bristol Medical School, HW-LINE, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Philip R. Griffiths
- Bristol Medical School, HW-LINE, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Aarifah Bijabhai
- Bristol Medical School, HW-LINE, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Lolait
- Bristol Medical School, HW-LINE, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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110
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Targeting the apelin pathway as a novel therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1942-1950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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111
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Tatin F, Renaud-Gabardos E, Godet AC, Hantelys F, Pujol F, Morfoisse F, Calise D, Viars F, Valet P, Masri B, Prats AC, Garmy-Susini B. Apelin modulates pathological remodeling of lymphatic endothelium after myocardial infarction. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93887. [PMID: 28614788 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelium serves as a barrier to control fluid balance and immune cell trafficking to maintain tissue homeostasis. Long-term alteration of lymphatic vasculature promotes edema and fibrosis, which is an aggravating factor in the onset of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction. Apelin is a bioactive peptide that plays a central role in angiogenesis and cardiac contractility. Despite an established role of apelin in lymphangiogenesis, little is known about its function in the cardiac lymphatic endothelium. Here, we show that apelin and its receptor APJ were exclusively expressed on newly formed lymphatic vasculature in a pathological model of myocardial infarction. Using an apelin-knockout mouse model, we identified morphological and functional defects in lymphatic vasculature associated with a proinflammatory status. Surprisingly, apelin deficiency increased the expression of lymphangiogenic growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D and exacerbated lymphangiogenesis after myocardial infarction. Conversely, the overexpression of apelin in ischemic heart was sufficient to restore a functional lymphatic vasculature and to reduce matrix remodeling and inflammation. In vitro, the expression of apelin prevented the alteration of cellular junctions in lymphatic endothelial cells induced by hypoxia. In addition, we demonstrated that apelin controls the secretion of the lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate in lymphatic endothelial cells by regulating the level of expression of sphingosine kinase 2 and the transporter SPNS2. Taken together, our results show that apelin plays a key role in lymphatic vessel maturation and stability in pathological settings. Thus, apelin may represent a novel candidate to prevent pathological lymphatic remodeling in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fanny Viars
- MetaToul-Lipidomique Core Facility, I2MC INSERM 1048, Toulouse, France
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112
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Sato T, Sato C, Kadowaki A, Watanabe H, Ho L, Ishida J, Yamaguchi T, Kimura A, Fukamizu A, Penninger JM, Reversade B, Ito H, Imai Y, Kuba K. ELABELA-APJ axis protects from pressure overload heart failure and angiotensin II-induced cardiac damage. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:760-769. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Sato
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Chitose Sato
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kadowaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Lena Ho
- Institute of Medical Biology, Human Genetics and Embryology Laboratory, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junji Ishida
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Akinori Kimura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Institute of Medical Biology, Human Genetics and Embryology Laboratory, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yumiko Imai
- Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keiji Kuba
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, Tokyo, Japan
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113
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Vahidi R, Joukar S. Commentary: Acute Myocardial Response to Stretch: What We (don't) Know. Front Physiol 2017; 8:121. [PMID: 28303106 PMCID: PMC5332378 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Vahidi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Baft Branch, Islamic Azad University Baft, Iran
| | - Siyavash Joukar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical SciencesKerman, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical SciencesKerman, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical SciencesKerman, Iran
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114
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Yang P, Kuc RE, Brame AL, Dyson A, Singer M, Glen RC, Cheriyan J, Wilkinson IB, Davenport AP, Maguire JJ. [Pyr 1]Apelin-13 (1-12) Is a Biologically Active ACE2 Metabolite of the Endogenous Cardiovascular Peptide [Pyr 1]Apelin-13. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:92. [PMID: 28293165 PMCID: PMC5329011 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Apelin is a predicted substrate for ACE2, a novel therapeutic target. Our aim was to demonstrate the endogenous presence of the putative ACE2 product [Pyr1]apelin-13(1–12) in human cardiovascular tissues and to confirm it retains significant biological activity for the apelin receptor in vitro and in vivo. The minimum active apelin fragment was also investigated. Methods and Results: [Pyr1]apelin-13 incubated with recombinant human ACE2 resulted in de novo generation of [Pyr1]apelin-13(1–12) identified by mass spectrometry. Endogenous [Pyr1]apelin-13(1–12) was detected by immunostaining in human heart and lung localized to the endothelium. Expression was undetectable in lung from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. In human heart [Pyr1]apelin-13(1–12) (pKi = 8.04 ± 0.06) and apelin-13(F13A) (pKi = 8.07 ± 0.24) competed with [125I]apelin-13 binding with nanomolar affinity, 4-fold lower than for [Pyr1]apelin-13 (pKi = 8.83 ± 0.06) whereas apelin-17 exhibited highest affinity (pKi = 9.63 ± 0.17). The rank order of potency of peptides to inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP was apelin-17 (pD2 = 10.31 ± 0.28) > [Pyr1]apelin-13 (pD2 = 9.67 ± 0.04) ≥ apelin-13(F13A) (pD2 = 9.54 ± 0.05) > [Pyr1]apelin-13(1–12) (pD2 = 9.30 ± 0.06). The truncated peptide apelin-13(R10M) retained nanomolar potency (pD2 = 8.70 ± 0.04) but shorter fragments exhibited low micromolar potency. In a β-arrestin recruitment assay the rank order of potency was apelin-17 (pD2 = 10.26 ± 0.09) >> [Pyr1]apelin-13 (pD2 = 8.43 ± 0.08) > apelin-13(R10M) (pD2 = 8.26 ± 0.17) > apelin-13(F13A) (pD2 = 7.98 ± 0.04) ≥ [Pyr1]apelin-13(1–12) (pD2 = 7.84 ± 0.06) >> shorter fragments (pD2 < 6). [Pyr1]apelin-13(1–12) and apelin-13(F13A) contracted human saphenous vein with similar sub-nanomolar potencies and [Pyr1]apelin-13(1–12) was a potent inotrope in paced mouse right ventricle and human atria. [Pyr1]apelin-13(1–12) elicited a dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure in anesthetized rat and dose-dependent increase in forearm blood flow in human volunteers. Conclusions: We provide evidence that ACE2 cleaves [Pyr1]apelin-13 to [Pyr1]apelin-13(1–12) and this cleavage product is expressed in human cardiovascular tissues. We have demonstrated biological activity of [Pyr1]apelin-13(1–12) at the human and rodent apelin receptor in vitro and in vivo. Our data show that reported enhanced ACE2 activity in cardiovascular disease should not significantly compromise the beneficial effects of apelin based therapies for example in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Yang
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Rhoda E Kuc
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Aimée L Brame
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Alex Dyson
- Division of Medicine, Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London London, UK
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Division of Medicine, Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London London, UK
| | - Robert C Glen
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Molecular Informatics, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Biomolecular Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Joseph Cheriyan
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian B Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Anthony P Davenport
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Janet J Maguire
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
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115
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Kimura H, Eguchi S, Sasaki J, Kuba K, Nakanishi H, Takasuga S, Yamazaki M, Goto A, Watanabe H, Itoh H, Imai Y, Suzuki A, Mizushima N, Sasaki T. Vps34 regulates myofibril proteostasis to prevent hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e89462. [PMID: 28097232 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common heart disease with a prevalence of 1 in 500 in the general population. Several mutations in genes encoding cardiac proteins have been found in HCM patients, but these changes do not predict occurrence or prognosis and the molecular mechanisms underlying HCM remain largely elusive. Here we show that cardiac expression of vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34) is reduced in a subset of HCM patients. In a mouse model, muscle-specific loss of Vps34 led to HCM-like manifestations and sudden death. Vps34-deficient hearts exhibited abnormal histopathologies, including myofibrillar disarray and aggregates containing αB-crystallin (CryAB). These features result from a block in the ESCRT-mediated proteolysis that normally degrades K63-polyubiquitinated CryAB. CryAB deposition was also found in myocardial specimens from a subset of HCM patients whose hearts showed decreased Vps34. Our results identify disruption of the previously unknown Vps34-CryAB axis as a potentially novel etiology of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Kimura
- Research Center for Biosignaling, Department of.,Medical Biology
| | | | | | - Keiji Kuba
- Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics Pathology
| | | | | | | | | | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yumiko Imai
- Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics Pathology
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Cancer Genetics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Research Center for Biosignaling, Department of.,Medical Biology
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116
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Galon-Tilleman H, Yang H, Bednarek MA, Spurlock SM, Paavola KJ, Ko B, To C, Luo J, Tian H, Jermutus L, Grimsby J, Rondinone CM, Konkar A, Kaplan DD. Apelin-36 Modulates Blood Glucose and Body Weight Independently of Canonical APJ Receptor Signaling. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:1925-1933. [PMID: 27994053 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.748103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin-36 was discovered as the endogenous ligand for the previously orphan receptor APJ. Apelin-36 has been linked to two major types of biological activities: cardiovascular (stimulation of cardiac contractility and suppression of blood pressure) and metabolic (improving glucose homeostasis and lowering body weight). It has been assumed that both of these activities are modulated through APJ. Here, we demonstrate that the metabolic activity of apelin-36 can be separated from canonical APJ activation. We developed a series of apelin-36 variants in which evolutionarily conserved residues were mutated, and evaluated their ability to modulate glucose homeostasis and body weight in chronic mouse models. We found that apelin-36(L28A) retains full metabolic activity, but is 100-fold impaired in its ability to activate APJ. In contrast to its full metabolic activity, apelin-36(L28A) lost the ability to suppress blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We took advantage of these findings to develop a longer-acting variant of apelin-36 that could modulate glucose homeostasis without impacting blood pressure (or activating APJ). Apelin-36-[L28C(30kDa-PEG)] is 10,000-fold less potent than apelin-36 at activating the APJ receptor but retains its ability to significantly lower blood glucose and improve glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice. Apelin-36-[L28C(30kDa-PEG)] provides a starting point for the development of diabetes therapeutics that are devoid of the blood pressure effects associated with canonical APJ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Yang
- From NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Maria A Bednarek
- the Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd., Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kevin J Paavola
- From NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Brian Ko
- From NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Carmen To
- From NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Jian Luo
- From NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Hui Tian
- From NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Lutz Jermutus
- the Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune Ltd., Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Grimsby
- the Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Cristina M Rondinone
- the Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Anish Konkar
- the Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878
| | - Daniel D Kaplan
- From NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California 94080.
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117
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Gerbier R, Alvear-Perez R, Margathe JF, Flahault A, Couvineau P, Gao J, De Mota N, Dabire H, Li B, Ceraudo E, Hus-Citharel A, Esteoulle L, Bisoo C, Hibert M, Berdeaux A, Iturrioz X, Bonnet D, Llorens-Cortes C. Development of original metabolically stable apelin-17 analogs with diuretic and cardiovascular effects. FASEB J 2016; 31:687-700. [PMID: 27815337 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600784r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apelin, a (neuro)vasoactive peptide, plays a prominent role in controlling cardiovascular functions and water balance. Because the in vivo apelin half-life is in the minute range, we aimed to identify metabolically stable apelin-17 (K17F) analogs. We generated P92 by classic chemical substitutions and LIT01-196 by original addition of a fluorocarbon chain to the N terminus of K17F. Both analogs were much more stable in plasma (half-life >24 h for LIT01-196) than K17F (4.6 min). Analogs displayed a subnanomolar affinity for the apelin receptor and behaved as full agonists with regard to cAMP production, ERK phosphorylation, and apelin receptor internalization. Ex vivo, these compounds induced vasorelaxation of rat aortas and glomerular arterioles, respectively, precontracted with norepinephrine and angiotensin II, and increased cardiac contractility. In vivo, after intracerebroventricular administration in water-deprived mice, P92 and LIT01-196 were 6 and 160 times, respectively, more efficient at inhibiting systemic vasopressin release than K17F. Administered intravenously (nmol/kg range) in normotensive rats, these analogs potently increased urine output and induced a profound and sustained decrease in arterial blood pressure. In summary, these new compounds, which favor diuresis and improve cardiac contractility while reducing vascular resistances, represent promising candidates for the treatment of heart failure and water retention/hyponatremic disorders.-Gerbier, R., Alvear-Perez, R., Margathe, J.-F., Flahault, A., Couvineau, P., Gao, J., De Mota, N., Dabire, H., Li, B., Ceraudo, E., Hus-Citharel, A., Esteoulle, L., Bisoo, C., Hibert, M., Berdeaux, A., Iturrioz, X., Bonnet, D., Llorens-Cortes, C. Development of original metabolically stable apelin-17 analogs with diuretic and cardiovascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Gerbier
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM Unité 1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241, College de France, Paris, France
| | - Rodrigo Alvear-Perez
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM Unité 1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241, College de France, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Francois Margathe
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; and
| | - Adrien Flahault
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM Unité 1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241, College de France, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Couvineau
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM Unité 1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241, College de France, Paris, France
| | - Ji Gao
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM Unité 1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241, College de France, Paris, France
| | - Nadia De Mota
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM Unité 1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241, College de France, Paris, France
| | - Hubert Dabire
- INSERM Unité 955, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - Bo Li
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM Unité 1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241, College de France, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Ceraudo
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM Unité 1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241, College de France, Paris, France
| | - Annette Hus-Citharel
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM Unité 1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241, College de France, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Esteoulle
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; and
| | - Cynthia Bisoo
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM Unité 1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241, College de France, Paris, France
| | - Marcel Hibert
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; and
| | - Alain Berdeaux
- INSERM Unité 955, Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | - Xavier Iturrioz
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM Unité 1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241, College de France, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; and
| | - Catherine Llorens-Cortes
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, INSERM Unité 1050, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241, College de France, Paris, France;
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118
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Luo JW, Zheng X, Cheng GC, Ye QH, Deng YZ, Wu L. Resistin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is inhibited by apelin through the inactivation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway in H9c2 embryonic rat cardiomyocytes. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:473-478. [PMID: 27699016 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that resistin induces, whereas apelin inhibits cardiac hypertrophy. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of apelin inhibiting resistin-induced cardiac hypertrophy remain unclear. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effects of apelin on resistin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. H9c2 cells were used in the present study, and cell surface area and protein synthesis were evaluated. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the expression levels of hypertrophic markers, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC). In addition, western blotting was conducted to examine phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. Following treatment of H9c2 cells with resistin, cell surface area, protein synthesis, and BNP and β-MHC mRNA expression levels were increased. Subsequent to co-treatment of H9c2 cells with apelin and resistin, lead to the inhibition of resistin-induced hypertrophic effects by apelin. In addition, treatment with resistin increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, whereas pretreatment with apelin decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which was increased by resistin. These results indicate that resistin-induced cardiac hypertrophy is inhibited by apelin via inactivation of ERK1/2 cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital (Institute), Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
| | - Xian Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital (Institute), Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Chang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Qun-Hui Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Zhi Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital (Institute), Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, P.R. China
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119
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Hu H, He L, Li L, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system as a therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 119:20-7. [PMID: 27650065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor APJ and its endogenous ligand apelin are widely expressed in many peripheral tissues and central nervous system, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscles and hypothalamus. Apelin/APJ system, involved in numerous physiological functions like angiogenesis, fluid homeostasis and energy metabolism regulation, is notably implicated in the development of different pathologies such as diabetes and its complications. Increasing evidence suggests that apelin regulates insulin sensitivity, stimulates glucose utilization and enhances brown adipogenesis in different tissues associated with diabetes. Moreover, apelin is also involved in the regulation of diabetic complications via binding to APJ receptor. Apelin improves diabetes-induced kidney hypertrophia, normalizes obesity-associated cardiac hypertrophy and negatively promotes retinal angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview about the role of apelin/APJ system in different tissues related with diabetes. Furthermore, we describe the pathogenesis of diabetic complications associated with apelin/APJ system. Finally, agonists and antagonists targeted to APJ receptor are described in the literature. Thus, we highlight apelin/APJ system as a novel therapeutic target for pharmacological intervention in treating diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoliang Hu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lu He
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Czarzasta K, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A, Szczepanska-Sadowska E, Fus L, Puchalska L, Gondek A, Dobruch J, Gomolka R, Wrzesien R, Zera T, Gornicka B, Kuch M. The role of apelin in central cardiovascular regulation in rats with post-infarct heart failure maintained on a normal fat or high fat diet. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:983-94. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Czarzasta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology; Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology; Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Ewa Szczepanska-Sadowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology; Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Lukasz Fus
- Department of Pathology; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Liana Puchalska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology; Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Agata Gondek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology; Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Jakub Dobruch
- Department of Urology; Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education; Warsaw Poland
| | - Ryszard Gomolka
- Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology; Warsaw University of Technology; Warsaw Poland
| | - Robert Wrzesien
- Central Laboratory of Experimental Animals; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Tymoteusz Zera
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology; Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Barbara Gornicka
- Department of Pathology; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
| | - Marek Kuch
- Chair and Department of Cardiology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine; Medical University of Warsaw; Warsaw Poland
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Nazari M, Moghimipour E, Tabandeh MR. Betaine Down Regulates Apelin Gene Expression in Cardiac and Adipose Tissues of Insulin Resistant Diabetic Rats Fed by High-Calorie Diet. Int J Pept Res Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-016-9551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kosztin A, Széplaki G, Kovács A, Földes G, Szokodi I, Vivien Nagy K, Kutyifa V, Fórizs É, Végh EM, Gellér L, Becker D, Aradi D, Merkely B. Impact of CT-apelin and NT-proBNP on identifying non-responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Biomarkers 2016; 22:279-286. [PMID: 27471876 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1217931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gábor Széplaki
- Heart and Vascular Center Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Kovács
- Heart and Vascular Center Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Földes
- Heart and Vascular Center Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - István Szokodi
- Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Valentina Kutyifa
- Heart and Vascular Center Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- University of Rochester, Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Éva Fórizs
- Heart and Vascular Center Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter M. Végh
- Heart and Vascular Center Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Gellér
- Heart and Vascular Center Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Becker
- Heart and Vascular Center Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Aradi
- Heart and Vascular Center Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Heart Center, Balatonfüred, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Boal F, Timotin A, Roumegoux J, Alfarano C, Calise D, Anesia R, Parini A, Valet P, Tronchere H, Kunduzova O. Apelin-13 administration protects against ischaemia/reperfusion-mediated apoptosis through the FoxO1 pathway in high-fat diet-induced obesity. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1850-63. [PMID: 27005319 PMCID: PMC4867747 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Apelin-13, an endogenous ligand for the apelin (APJ) receptor, behaves as a potent modulator of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Here, we examined the effects of apelin-13 on myocardial injury in a mouse model combining ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) and obesity and explored their underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Adult male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 months and then subjected to cardiac I/R. The effects of apelin-13 post-treatment on myocardial injury were evaluated in HFD-fed mice after 24 h I/R. Changes in protein abundance, phosphorylation, subcellular localization and mRNA expression were determined in cardiomyoblast cell line H9C2, primary cardiomyocytes and cardiac tissue from ND- and HFD-fed mice. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL staining and caspase-3 activity. Mitochondrial ultrastructure was analysed by electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS In HFD-fed mice subjected to cardiac I/R, i.v. administration of apelin-13 significantly reduced infarct size, myocardial apoptosis and mitochondrial damage compared with vehicle-treated animals. In H9C2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes, apelin-13 induced FoxO1 phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion. FoxO1 silencing by siRNA abolished the protective effects of apelin-13 against hypoxia-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial ROS generation. Finally, apelin deficiency in mice fed a HFD resulted in reduced myocardial FoxO1 expression and impaired FoxO1 distribution. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These data reveal apelin as a novel regulator of FoxO1 in cardiac cells and provide evidence for the potential of apelin-13 in prevention of apoptosis and mitochondrial damage in conditions combining I/R injury and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Boal
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048ToulouseCedex 4France
- University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular DiseasesToulouseFrance
| | - Andrei Timotin
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048ToulouseCedex 4France
- University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular DiseasesToulouseFrance
| | - Jessica Roumegoux
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048ToulouseCedex 4France
- University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular DiseasesToulouseFrance
| | - Chiara Alfarano
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048ToulouseCedex 4France
- University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular DiseasesToulouseFrance
| | - Denis Calise
- University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular DiseasesToulouseFrance
- US006, Microsurgery ServicesToulouseCedex 4France
| | - Rodica Anesia
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048ToulouseCedex 4France
- University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular DiseasesToulouseFrance
| | - Angelo Parini
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048ToulouseCedex 4France
- University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular DiseasesToulouseFrance
| | - Philippe Valet
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048ToulouseCedex 4France
- University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular DiseasesToulouseFrance
| | - Helene Tronchere
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048ToulouseCedex 4France
- University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular DiseasesToulouseFrance
| | - Oksana Kunduzova
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048ToulouseCedex 4France
- University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular DiseasesToulouseFrance
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Deshwar AR, Chng SC, Ho L, Reversade B, Scott IC. The Apelin receptor enhances Nodal/TGFβ signaling to ensure proper cardiac development. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27077952 PMCID: PMC4859801 DOI: 10.7554/elife.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Apelin receptor (Aplnr) is essential for heart development, controlling the early migration of cardiac progenitors. Here we demonstrate that in zebrafish Aplnr modulates Nodal/TGFβ signaling, a key pathway essential for mesendoderm induction and migration. Loss of Aplnr function leads to a reduction in Nodal target gene expression whereas activation of Aplnr by a non-peptide agonist increases the expression of these same targets. Furthermore, loss of Aplnr results in a delay in the expression of the cardiogenic transcription factors mespaa/ab. Elevating Nodal levels in aplnra/b morphant and double mutant embryos is sufficient to rescue cardiac differentiation defects. We demonstrate that loss of Aplnr attenuates the activity of a point source of Nodal ligands Squint and Cyclops in a non-cell autonomous manner. Our results favour a model in which Aplnr is required to fine-tune Nodal output, acting as a specific rheostat for the Nodal/TGFβ pathway during the earliest stages of cardiogenesis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13758.001 In one of the first events that happens as an embryo develops, cells become the different stem cell populations that form the body’s organs. So what makes a cell become one stem cell type rather than another? In the case of the heart, the first important event is the activity of a signaling pathway called the Nodal/TGFβ pathway. Nodal signaling can drive cells to become many different stem cell types depending on its level of activity. Many different levels of regulation fine-tune Nodal signaling to produce these activity thresholds. Zebrafish that have a mutation in the gene that encodes a protein called the Apelin receptor have no heart. The loss of this receptor interferes with how heart stem cells (called cardiac progenitors) are made and how they move to where heart development occurs. Deshwar et al. have now studied mutant zebrafish in order to investigate how the Apelin receptor influences early heart development. This revealed that Nodal signaling levels are slightly lower in the mutant zebrafish embryos than in normal fish at the time when Nodal activity induces cardiac progenitors to form. When Nodal activity is experimentally boosted in zebrafish that lack the Apelin receptor, they become able to develop hearts. Deshwar et al. also found that the Apelin receptor does not work in cells that produce or receive Nodal signals. This suggests that the Apelin receptor modulates Nodal signaling levels by acting in cells that lie between the cells that release Nodal signals and the cardiac progenitors. An important question for future work to address is how this modulation works. As Nodal is a key determinant of many cell types in developing embryos, learning how Apelin receptors regulate its activity could help researchers to derive specific cell types from cultured stem cells for use in regenerative medicine. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13758.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish R Deshwar
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Serene C Chng
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lena Ho
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, , Singapore
| | - Ian C Scott
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Murata K, Ishida J, Ishimaru T, Mizukami H, Hamada J, Saito C, Fukamizu A. Lactation Is a Risk Factor of Postpartum Heart Failure in Mice with Cardiomyocyte-specific Apelin Receptor (APJ) Overexpression. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11241-51. [PMID: 27033703 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.699009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor APJ and its ligand apelin are highly expressed in cardiovascular tissues and are associated with the regulation of blood pressure and cardiac function. Although accumulating evidence suggests that APJ plays a crucial role in the heart, it remains unclear whether up-regulation of APJ affects cardiac function. Here we generated cardiomyocyte-specific APJ-overexpressing (APJ-TG) mice and investigated the cardiac phenotype in APJ-TG mice. Male and non-pregnant APJ-TG mice showed cardiac hypertrophy, contractile dysfunction, and elevation of B-type natriuretic peptide gene expression in the heart but not cardiac fibrosis and symptoms of heart failure, including breathing abnormality and pleural effusion. We further examined the influence of APJ overexpression in response to physiological stress induced by pregnancy and lactation in the heart. Interestingly, repeating pregnancy and lactation (pregnancy-lactation cycle) exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction and induced cardiac fibrosis, lung congestion, pleural effusion, and abnormal breathing in APJ-TG mice. These data indicate that female APJ-TG mice develop postpartum cardiomyopathy. We showed that lactation, but not parturition, was critical for the onset of postpartum cardiomyopathy in APJ-TG mice. Furthermore, we found that lactating APJ-TG mice showed impaired myocardial angiogenesis and imbalance of pro- and antiangiogenic gene expression in the heart. These results demonstrate that overexpression of APJ in cardiomyocytes has adverse effects on cardiac function in male and non-pregnant mice and that lactation contributes to the development of postpartum cardiomyopathy in the heart with APJ overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Murata
- From the Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, and
| | - Junji Ishida
- From the Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, and Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishimaru
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hayase Mizukami
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Juri Hamada
- From the Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, and
| | - Chiaki Saito
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- From the Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, and Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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126
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Ma C, Ying Y, Zhang T, Zhang W, Peng H, Cheng X, Xu L, Tong H. Establishment of a prediction model of changing trends in cardiac hypertrophy disease based on microarray data screening. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1734-1740. [PMID: 27168795 PMCID: PMC4840528 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to construct a mathematical model to predict the changing trends of cardiac hypertrophy at gene level. Microarray data were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database (accession, GSE21600), which included 35 samples harvested from the heart of Wistar rats on postoperative days 1 (D1 group), 6 (D6 group) and 42 (D42 group) following aorta ligation and sham operated Wistar rats, respectively. Each group contained six samples, with the exception of the samples harvested from the aorta ligated group after 6 days, where n=5. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using a Limma package in R. Hierarchical clustering analysis was performed on common DEGs in order to construct a linear equation between the D1 and D42 groups, using linear discriminant analysis. Subsequent verification was performed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the measurement data at day 42. A total of 319, 44 and 57 DEGs were detected in D1, D6 and D42 sample groups, respectively. AKIP1, ANKRD23, LTBP2, TGF-β2 and TNFRSF12A were identified as common DEGs in all groups. The predicted linear equation between D1 and D42 group was calculated to be y=1.526×-186.671. Assessment of the ROC curve demonstrated that the area under the curve was 0.831, with a specificity and sensitivity of 0.8. As compared with the predictive and measurement data at day 42, the consistency of the two sets of data was 76.5%. In conclusion, the present model may contribute to the early prediction of changing trends in cardiac hypertrophy disease at gene level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Ma
- Cardiovascular Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Ying
- Cardiovascular Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Tianjie Zhang
- Cardiovascular Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Cardiovascular Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Hui Peng
- Cardiovascular Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Xufeng Cheng
- Cardiovascular Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Cardiovascular Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
| | - Hong Tong
- Cardiovascular Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, P.R. China
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He L, Liu Q, Hu T, Huang X, Zhang H, Tian X, Yan Y, Wang L, Huang Y, Miquerol L, Wythe JD, Zhou B. Genetic lineage tracing discloses arteriogenesis as the main mechanism for collateral growth in the mouse heart. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 109:419-30. [PMID: 26768261 PMCID: PMC4752045 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Capillary and arterial endothelial cells share many common molecular markers in both the neonatal and adult hearts. Herein, we aim to establish a genetic tool that distinguishes these two types of vessels in order to determine the cellular mechanism underlying collateral artery formation. Methods and results Using Apln-GFP and Apln-LacZ reporter mice, we demonstrate that APLN expression is enriched in coronary vascular endothelial cells. However, APLN expression is reduced in coronary arterial endothelial cells. Genetic lineage tracing, using an Apln-CreER mouse line, robustly labelled capillary endothelial cells, but not arterial endothelial cells. We leveraged this differential activity of Apln-CreER to study collateral artery formation following myocardial infarction (MI). In a neonatal heart MI model, we found that Apln-CreER-labelled capillary endothelial cells do not contribute to the large collateral arteries. Instead, these large collateral arteries mainly arise from pre-existing, infrequently labelled coronary arteries, indicative of arteriogenesis. Furthermore, in an adult heart MI model, Apln-CreER activity also distinguishes large and small diameter arteries from capillaries. Lineage tracing in this setting demonstrated that most large and small coronary arteries in the infarcted myocardium and border region are derived not from capillaries, but from pre-existing arteries. Conclusion Apln-CreER-mediated lineage tracing distinguishes capillaries from large arteries, in both the neonatal and adult hearts. Through genetic fate mapping, we demonstrate that pre-existing arteries, but not capillaries, extensively contribute to collateral artery formation following myocardial injury. These results suggest that arteriogenesis is the major mechanism underlying collateral vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan He
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiaozhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiuzhen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xueying Tian
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lucile Miquerol
- Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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128
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Apelin: an antithrombotic factor that inhibits platelet function. Blood 2015; 127:908-20. [PMID: 26634301 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-05-578781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin peptide and its receptor APJ are directly implicated in various physiological processes ranging from cardiovascular homeostasis to immune signaling. Here, we show that apelin is a key player in hemostasis with an ability to inhibit thrombin- and collagen-mediated platelet activation. Mice lacking apelin displayed a shorter bleeding time and a prothrombotic profile. Their platelets exhibited increased adhesion and a reduced occlusion time in venules, and displayed a higher aggregation rate after their activation by thrombin compared with wild-type platelets. Consequently, human and mouse platelets express apelin and its receptor APJ. Apelin directly interferes with thrombin-mediated signaling pathways and platelet activation, secretion, and aggregation, but not with ADP and thromboxane A2-mediated pathways. IV apelin administration induced excessive bleeding and prevented thrombosis in mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that apelin and/or APJ agonists could potentially be useful adducts in antiplatelet therapies and may provide a promising perspective for patients who continue to display adverse thrombotic events with current antiplatelet therapies.
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129
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Characterization of apela, a novel endogenous ligand of apelin receptor, in the adult heart. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 111:2. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Apelin regulates FoxO3 translocation to mediate cardioprotective responses to myocardial injury and obesity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16104. [PMID: 26542760 PMCID: PMC4635427 DOI: 10.1038/srep16104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of obesity accentuates the importance of identifying mechanisms and optimal therapeutic strategies for patients with heart failure (HF) in relation to obesity status. Here, we investigated the association between plasma level of apelin, an adipocyte-derived factor, and clinicopathological features of obese and non-obese patients with HF. We further explored potential regulatory mechanisms of cardiac cell fate responses in conditions combining myocardial injury and obesity. In a prospective, cross-sectional study involving patients with HF we show that obese patients (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) have higher left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and greater levels of plasma apelin (p < 0.005) than non-obese patients (< 30 kg/m(2)), independently of ischemic etiology. In a mouse model combining ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, we identify apelin as a novel regulator of FoxO3 trafficking in cardiomyocytes. Confocal microscopy analysis of cardiac cells revealed that apelin prevents nuclear translocation of FoxO3 in response to oxygen deprivation through a PI3K pathway. These findings uncover apelin as a novel regulator of FoxO3 nucleocytoplasmic trafficking in cardiac cells in response to stress and provide insight into its potential clinical relevance in obese patients with HF.
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131
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Narayanan S, Harris DL, Maitra R, Runyon SP. Regulation of the Apelinergic System and Its Potential in Cardiovascular Disease: Peptides and Small Molecules as Tools for Discovery. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7913-27. [PMID: 26102594 PMCID: PMC5436499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apelin peptides and the apelin receptor represent a relatively new therapeutic axis for the potential treatment of cardiovascular disease. Several reports suggest apelin receptor activation with apelin peptides results in cardioprotection as noted through positive ionotropy, angiogenesis, reduction of mean arterial blood pressure, and apoptosis. Considering the potential therapeutic benefit attainable through modulation of the apelinergic system, research is expanding to develop novel therapies that limit the inherent rapid degradation of endogenous apelin peptides and produce metabolically stable small molecule agonists and antagonists to more rigorously interrogate the apelin receptor system. This review details the structure-activity relationships for chemically modified apelin peptides and recent disclosures of small molecule agonists and antagonists and summarizes the peer reviewed and patented literature. Development of metabolically stable ligands of apelin receptor and their effects in various models over the coming years will hopefully lead to establishment of this receptor as a validated target for cardiovascular indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanju Narayanan
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Post Office Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Danni L. Harris
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Post Office Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Rangan Maitra
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Post Office Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Scott P. Runyon
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Post Office Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
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Yang P, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP. Apelin, Elabela/Toddler, and biased agonists as novel therapeutic agents in the cardiovascular system. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:560-7. [PMID: 26143239 PMCID: PMC4577653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apelin and its G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) have emerged as a key signalling pathway in the cardiovascular system. The peptide is a potent inotropic agent and vasodilator. Remarkably, a peptide, Elabela/Toddler, that has little sequence similarity to apelin, has been proposed as a second endogenous apelin receptor ligand and is encoded by a gene from a region of the genome previously classified as 'non-coding'. Apelin is downregulated in pulmonary arterial hypertension and heart failure. To replace the missing endogenous peptide, 'biased' apelin agonists have been designed that preferentially activate G protein pathways, resulting in reduced β-arrestin recruitment and receptor internalisation, with the additional benefit of attenuating detrimental β-arrestin signalling. Proof-of-concept studies support the clinical potential for apelin receptor biased agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Yang
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Level 6 Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Box 110 Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Janet J Maguire
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Level 6 Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Box 110 Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anthony P Davenport
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Level 6 Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Box 110 Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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133
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Lesage J, Eberlé D, Breton C. [Discovery of Toddler/Elabela ligand and the double life of the apelin receptor]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:481-3. [PMID: 26059296 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153105007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lesage
- Unité environnement périnatal et santé, EA4489, Université de Lille 1, bâtiment SN4, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Delphine Eberlé
- Unité environnement périnatal et santé, EA4489, Université de Lille 1, bâtiment SN4, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Christophe Breton
- Unité environnement périnatal et santé, EA4489, Université de Lille 1, bâtiment SN4, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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134
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Fasshauer M, Blüher M. Adipokines in health and disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:461-70. [PMID: 26022934 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 667] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk for metabolic, cardiovascular, chronic inflammatory, and several malignant diseases and, therefore, may contribute to shortened lifespan. Adipokines are peptides that signal the functional status of adipose tissue to targets in the brain, liver, pancreas, immune system, vasculature, muscle, and other tissues. Secretion of adipokines, including leptin, adiponectin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4, BMP-7, vaspin, apelin, and progranulin, is altered in adipose tissue dysfunction and may contribute to a spectrum of obesity-associated diseases. Adipokines are promising candidates both for novel pharmacological treatment strategies and as diagnostic tools, provided that we can develop a better understanding of the function and molecular targets of the more recently discovered adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Fasshauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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135
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Deng C, Chen H, Yang N, Feng Y, Hsueh AJW. Apela Regulates Fluid Homeostasis by Binding to the APJ Receptor to Activate Gi Signaling. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18261-8. [PMID: 25995451 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.648238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apela (APJ early endogenous ligand, also known as elabela or toddler) is a recently discovered peptide hormone. Based on genetic studies in zebrafish, apela was found to be important for endoderm differentiation and heart development during embryogenesis. Although common phenotypes of apela and APJ-null zebrafish during embryonic development suggested that apela interacts with the APJ receptor, kinetics of apela binding to APJ and intracellular signaling pathways for apela remain unknown. The role of apela in adults is also uncertain. Using a chimeric apela ligand, we showed direct binding of apela to APJ with high affinity (Kd = 0.51 nm) and the ability of apelin, the known peptide ligand for APJ, to compete for apela binding. Apela, similar to apelin, acts through the inhibitory G protein pathway by inhibiting forskolin-stimulated cAMP production and by inducing ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In adult rats, apela is expressed exclusively in the kidney, unlike the wide tissue distribution of apelin. In vivo studies demonstrated the ability of apela to regulate fluid homeostasis by increasing diuresis and water intake. Dose-response studies further indicated that apela induces 2- and 5-fold higher maximal responses than apelin in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and diuresis/water intake, respectively. After designing an apela antagonist, we further demonstrated the role of endogenous ligand(s) in regulating APJ-mediated fluid homeostasis. Our results identified apela as a potent peptide hormone capable of regulating fluid homeostasis in adult kidney through coupling to the APJ-mediated Gi signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Deng
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China and Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Ob/Gyn, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5317
| | - Haidi Chen
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China and
| | - Na Yang
- From the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China and
| | - Yi Feng
- Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Ob/Gyn, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5317
| | - Aaron J W Hsueh
- Program of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Ob/Gyn, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5317
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136
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APJ Regulates Parallel Alignment of Arteries and Veins in the Skin. Dev Cell 2015; 33:247-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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137
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Hamada J, Baasanjav A, Ono N, Murata K, Kako K, Ishida J, Fukamizu A. Possible involvement of downregulation of the apelin-APJ system in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H931-41. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00703.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Apelin peptide is an endogenous ligand of APJ (a putative receptor protein related to the angiotensin II type 1 receptor), which is a member of a G protein-coupled receptor superfamily with seven transmembrane domains. Recent findings have suggested that the apelin-APJ system plays a potential role in cardiac contraction and cardioprotection. In the present study, we show that the apelin-APJ system is disrupted in doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity. We found downregulation of apelin and APJ mRNA expression in C57Bl/6J mouse hearts on days 1 and 5 after Dox administration (20 mg/kg ip). Plasma apelin levels and cardiac APJ protein expression were significantly decreased on day 5 after Dox injection. Cardiac apelin contents were reduced on day 1 but increased to basal levels on day 5 after Dox injection. We also examined the effects of APJ gene deletion on Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Compared with wild-type mice, APJ knockout mice showed a significant depression in cardiac contractility on day 5 after Dox (15 mg/kg ip) treatment followed by a decrease in 14-day survival rates. Moreover, Dox-induced myocardial damage, cardiac protein carbonylation, and autophagic dysfunction were accelerated in APJ knockout mice. Rat cardiac H9c2 cells showed Dox-induced decreases in viability, which were prevented by APJ overexpression and the combination with apelin treatment. These results suggest that the suppression of APJ expression after Dox administration can exacerbate Dox-induced cardiotoxicity, which may be responsible for depressed protective function of the endogenous apelin-APJ system. Modulation of the apelin-APJ system may hold promise for the treatment of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Hamada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Altansarnai Baasanjav
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and
| | - Natsumi Ono
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and
| | - Kazuya Murata
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kako
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and
| | - Junji Ishida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Fukamizu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; and
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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138
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Haubner BJ, Moik D, Schuetz T, Reiner MF, Voelkl JG, Streil K, Bader K, Zhao L, Scheu C, Mair J, Pachinger O, Metzler B. In vivo cardiac role of migfilin during experimental pressure overload. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:398-407. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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139
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Dalzell JR, Rocchiccioli JP, Weir RAP, Jackson CE, Padmanabhan N, Gardner RS, Petrie MC, McMurray JJV. The Emerging Potential of the Apelin-APJ System in Heart Failure. J Card Fail 2015; 21:489-98. [PMID: 25795508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The apelin-APJ system is a novel neurohormonal pathway, with studies to date suggesting that it may be of pathophysiologic relevance in heart failure and may indeed be a viable therapeutic target in this syndrome. This interest is driven primarily by the demonstration of its vasodilator, inotropic, and aquaretic actions as well as its apparent antagonistic relationship with the renin-angiotensin system. However, its promise is heightened further by the observation that, unlike other and more established cardioprotective pathways, it appears to be down-regulated in heart failure, suggesting that augmentation of this axis may have a powerful effect on the heart failure syndrome. We review the literature regarding the apelin-APJ system in heart failure and suggest areas requiring further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Dalzell
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland; Scottish Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland.
| | - John P Rocchiccioli
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Robin A P Weir
- Department of Cardiology, Hairmyres Hospital, East Kilbride, Scotland
| | - Colette E Jackson
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland; Scottish Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | | | - Roy S Gardner
- Scottish Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Mark C Petrie
- Scottish Advanced Heart Failure Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - John J V McMurray
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
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140
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Murza A, Besserer-Offroy É, Côté J, Bérubé P, Longpré JM, Dumaine R, Lesur O, Auger-Messier M, Leduc R, Sarret P, Marsault É. C-Terminal modifications of apelin-13 significantly change ligand binding, receptor signaling, and hypotensive action. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2431-40. [PMID: 25668242 DOI: 10.1021/jm501916k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is the endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family. This system plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and cardiovascular functions. To better understand the role of its C-terminal Phe(13) residue on ligand binding, receptor signaling, and hypotension, we report a series of modified analogues in which Phe(13) was substituted by unnatural amino acids. These modifications delivered new compounds exhibiting higher affinity and potency to inhibit cAMP accumulation compared to apelin-13. In particular, analogues Bpa(13) or (α-Me)Phe(13) were 30-fold more potent to inhibit cAMP accumulation than apelin-13. Tyr(OBn)(13) substitution led to a 60-fold improvement in binding affinity and induced stronger and more sustained drop in blood pressure compared to apelin-13. Our study identified new potent analogues of apelin-13, which represent valuable probes to better understand its structure-function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Murza
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke J1H 5N4, Québec Canada
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141
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Elabela-apelin receptor signaling pathway is functional in mammalian systems. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8170. [PMID: 25639753 PMCID: PMC4313117 DOI: 10.1038/srep08170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Elabela (ELA) or Toddler is a recently discovered hormone which is required for normal development of heart and vasculature through activation of apelin receptor (APJ), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), in zebrafish. The present study explores whether the ELA-APJ signaling pathway is functional in the mammalian system. Using reverse-transcription PCR, we found that ELA is restrictedly expressed in human pluripotent stem cells and adult kidney whereas APJ is more widely expressed. We next studied ELA-APJ signaling pathway in reconstituted mammalian cell systems. Addition of ELA to HEK293 cells over-expressing GFP-AJP fusion protein resulted in rapid internalization of the fusion receptor. In Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells over-expressing human APJ, ELA suppresses cAMP production with EC50 of 11.1 nM, stimulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation with EC50 of 14.3 nM and weakly induces intracellular calcium mobilization. Finally, we tested ELA biological function in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells and showed that ELA induces angiogenesis and relaxes mouse aortic blood vessel in a dose-dependent manner through a mechanism different from apelin. Collectively, we demonstrate that the ELA-AJP signaling pathways are functional in mammalian systems, indicating that ELA likely serves as a hormone regulating the circulation system in adulthood as well as in embryonic development.
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142
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Goidescu CM, Vida-Simiti LA. The Apelin-APJ System in the Evolution of Heart Failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 88:3-8. [PMID: 26528040 PMCID: PMC4508609 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a chronic, progressive disease in which the overexpression of biologically active molecules and neurohomonal activation are the key factors of the evolution and natural history. The apelin-APJ system is a newly discovered molecular pathway and the RAAS counterbalance is its principal effect. The apelin is a potent inotrope, vasodilator and diuretic with crucial cardioprotective effects against angiotensin and aldosterone injuries. Intense and prolonged RAAS induces the downregulation of the apelin and its receptor at myocardial level and cancels their protection. Compared to the vasoactive agents used in the treatment of acute heart failure, exogen apelin has unique intropic and vasodilatory effects without deleterious consequences, being a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cerasela Mihaela Goidescu
- 1st Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Gastroenterology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Luminiţa Animarie Vida-Simiti
- 1st Medical Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Gastroenterology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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143
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McCormick ME, Collins C, Makarewich CA, Chen Z, Rojas M, Willis MS, Houser SR, Tzima E. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 mediates endothelial-cardiomyocyte communication and regulates cardiac function. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e001210. [PMID: 25600142 PMCID: PMC4330051 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by impaired contractility of cardiomyocytes, ventricular chamber dilatation, and systolic dysfunction. Although mutations in genes expressed in the cardiomyocyte are the best described causes of reduced contractility, the importance of endothelial‐cardiomyocyte communication for proper cardiac function is increasingly appreciated. In the present study, we investigate the role of the endothelial adhesion molecule platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM‐1) in the regulation of cardiac function. Methods and Results Using cell culture and animal models, we show that PECAM‐1 expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) regulates cardiomyocyte contractility and cardiac function via the neuregulin‐ErbB signaling pathway. Conscious echocardiography revealed left ventricular (LV) chamber dilation and systolic dysfunction in PECAM‐1−/− mice in the absence of histological abnormalities or defects in cardiac capillary density. Despite deficits in global cardiac function, cardiomyocytes isolated from PECAM‐1−/− hearts displayed normal baseline and isoproterenol‐stimulated contractility. Mechanistically, absence of PECAM‐1 resulted in elevated NO/ROS signaling and NRG‐1 release from ECs, which resulted in augmented phosphorylation of its receptor ErbB2. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with conditioned media from PECAM‐1−/− ECs resulted in enhanced ErbB2 activation, which was normalized by pre‐treatment with an NRG‐1 blocking antibody. To determine whether normalization of increased NRG‐1 levels could correct cardiac function, PECAM‐1−/− mice were treated with the NRG‐1 blocking antibody. Echocardiography showed that treatment significantly improved cardiac function of PECAM‐1−/− mice, as revealed by increased ejection fraction and fractional shortening. Conclusions We identify a novel role for PECAM‐1 in regulating cardiac function via a paracrine NRG1‐ErbB pathway. These data highlight the importance of tightly regulated cellular communication for proper cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E. McCormick
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (M.E.M.C., C.C., Z.C., E.T.)
| | - Caitlin Collins
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (M.E.M.C., C.C., Z.C., E.T.)
| | - Catherine A. Makarewich
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (C.A.M., S.R.H.)
| | - Zhongming Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (M.E.M.C., C.C., Z.C., E.T.)
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R., E.T.)
| | - Monte S. Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (M.S.W.)
| | - Steven R. Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA (C.A.M., S.R.H.)
| | - Ellie Tzima
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (M.E.M.C., C.C., Z.C., E.T.)
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (M.R., E.T.)
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144
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Genetic targeting of sprouting angiogenesis using Apln-CreER. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6020. [PMID: 25597280 PMCID: PMC4309445 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Under pathophysiological conditions in adults, endothelial cells (ECs) sprout from pre-existing blood vessels to form new ones by a process termed angiogenesis. During embryonic development, Apelin (APLN) is robustly expressed in vascular ECs. In adult mice, however, APLN expression in the vasculature is significantly reduced. Here we show that APLN expression is reactivated in adult ECs after ischaemia insults. In models of both injury ischaemia and tumor angiogenesis, we find that Apln-CreER genetically labels sprouting but not quiescent vasculature. By leveraging this specific activity, we demonstrate that abolishment of the VEGF-VEGFR2 signalling pathway as well as ablation of sprouting ECs diminished tumour vascularization and growth without compromising vascular homeostasis in other organs. Collectively, we show that Apln-CreER distinguishes sprouting vessels from stabilized vessels in multiple pathological settings. The Apln-CreER line described here will greatly aid future mechanistic studies in both vascular developmental biology and adult vascular diseases.
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145
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Serpooshan V, Sivanesan S, Huang X, Mahmoudi M, Malkovskiy AV, Zhao M, Inayathullah M, Wagh D, Zhang XJ, Metzler S, Bernstein D, Wu JC, Ruiz-Lozano P, Rajadas J. [Pyr1]-Apelin-13 delivery via nano-liposomal encapsulation attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. Biomaterials 2015; 37:289-98. [PMID: 25443792 PMCID: PMC5555682 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-mediated sustained delivery of therapeutics is one of the highly effective and increasingly utilized applications of nanomedicine. Here, we report the development and application of a drug delivery system consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated liposomal nanoparticles as an efficient in vivo delivery approach for [Pyr1]-apelin-13 polypeptide. Apelin is an adipokine that regulates a variety of biological functions including cardiac hypertrophy and hypertrophy-induced heart failure. The clinical use of apelin has been greatly impaired by its remarkably short half-life in circulation. Here, we investigate whether [Pyr1]-apelin-13 encapsulation in liposome nanocarriers, conjugated with PEG polymer on their surface, can prolong apelin stability in the blood stream and potentiate apelin beneficial effects in cardiac function. Atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering were used to assess the structure and size distribution of drug-laden nanoparticles. [Pyr1]-apelin-13 encapsulation in PEGylated liposomal nanocarriers resulted in sustained and extended drug release both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection of [Pyr1]-apelin-13 nanocarriers in a mouse model of pressure-overload induced heart failure demonstrated a sustainable long-term effect of [Pyr1]-apelin-13 in preventing cardiac dysfunction. We concluded that this engineered nanocarrier system can serve as a delivery platform for treating heart injuries through sustained bioavailability of cardioprotective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Serpooshan
- Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Senthilkumar Sivanesan
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaoran Huang
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrey V Malkovskiy
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mohammed Inayathullah
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dhananjay Wagh
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xuexiang J Zhang
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott Metzler
- Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pilar Ruiz-Lozano
- Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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146
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Alfarano C, Foussal C, Lairez O, Calise D, Attané C, Anesia R, Daviaud D, Wanecq E, Parini A, Valet P, Kunduzova O. Transition from metabolic adaptation to maladaptation of the heart in obesity: role of apelin. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:312-20. [PMID: 25027224 PMCID: PMC4326962 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Impaired energy metabolism is the defining characteristic of obesity-related heart failure. The adipocyte-derived peptide apelin has a role in the regulation of cardiovascular and metabolic homeostasis and may contribute to the link between obesity, energy metabolism and cardiac function. Here we investigate the role of apelin in the transition from metabolic adaptation to maladaptation of the heart in obese state. Methods: Adult male C57BL/6J, apelin knock-out (KO) or wild-type mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks. To induce heart failure, mice were subjected to pressure overload after 18 weeks of HFD. Long-term effects of apelin on fatty acid (FA) oxidation, glucose metabolism, cardiac function and mitochondrial changes were evaluated in HFD-fed mice after 4 weeks of pressure overload. Cardiomyocytes from HFD-fed mice were isolated for analysis of metabolic responses. Results: In HFD-fed mice, pressure overload-induced transition from hypertrophy to heart failure is associated with reduced FA utilization (P<0.05), accelerated glucose oxidation (P<0.05) and mitochondrial damage. Treatment of HFD-fed mice with apelin for 4 weeks prevented pressure overload-induced decline in FA metabolism (P<0.05) and mitochondrial defects. Furthermore, apelin treatment lowered fasting plasma glucose (P<0.01), improved glucose tolerance (P<0.05) and preserved cardiac function (P<0.05) in HFD-fed mice subjected to pressure overload. In apelin KO HFD-fed mice, spontaneous cardiac dysfunction is associated with reduced FA oxidation (P<0.001) and increased glucose oxidation (P<0.05). In isolated cardiomyocytes, apelin stimulated FA oxidation in a dose-dependent manner and this effect was prevented by small interfering RNA sirtuin 3 knockdown. Conclusions: These data suggest that obesity-related decline in cardiac function is associated with defective myocardial energy metabolism and mitochondrial abnormalities. Furthermore, our work points for therapeutic potential of apelin to prevent myocardial metabolic abnormalities in heart failure paired with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Alfarano
- 1] National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048, Toulouse, France [2] University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - C Foussal
- 1] National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048, Toulouse, France [2] University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - O Lairez
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048, Toulouse, France
| | - D Calise
- 1] University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France [2] US006, Microsurgery Services, Toulouse, France
| | - C Attané
- 1] National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048, Toulouse, France [2] University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - R Anesia
- 1] National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048, Toulouse, France [2] University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - D Daviaud
- 1] National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048, Toulouse, France [2] University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - E Wanecq
- 1] National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048, Toulouse, France [2] University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - A Parini
- 1] National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048, Toulouse, France [2] University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - P Valet
- 1] National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048, Toulouse, France [2] University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - O Kunduzova
- 1] National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1048, Toulouse, France [2] University of Toulouse, UPS, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
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147
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Ceraudo E, Galanth C, Carpentier E, Banegas-Font I, Schonegge AM, Alvear-Perez R, Iturrioz X, Bouvier M, Llorens-Cortes C. Biased signaling favoring gi over β-arrestin promoted by an apelin fragment lacking the C-terminal phenylalanine. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24599-610. [PMID: 25012663 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.541698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin plays a prominent role in body fluid and cardiovascular homeostasis. We previously showed that the C-terminal Phe of apelin 17 (K17F) is crucial for triggering apelin receptor internalization and decreasing blood pressure (BP) but is not required for apelin binding or Gi protein coupling. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that the important role of the C-terminal Phe in BP decrease may be as a Gi-independent but β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathway that could involve MAPKs. For this purpose, we have used apelin fragments K17F and K16P (K17F with the C-terminal Phe deleted), which exhibit opposite profiles on apelin receptor internalization and BP. Using BRET-based biosensors, we showed that whereas K17F activates Gi and promotes β-arrestin recruitment to the receptor, K16P had a much reduced ability to promote β-arrestin recruitment while maintaining its Gi activating property, revealing the biased agonist character of K16P. We further show that both β-arrestin recruitment and apelin receptor internalization contribute to the K17F-stimulated ERK1/2 activity, whereas the K16P-promoted ERK1/2 activity is entirely Gi-dependent. In addition to providing new insights on the structural basis underlying the functional selectivity of apelin peptides, our study indicates that the β-arrestin-dependent ERK1/2 activation and not the Gi-dependent signaling may participate in K17F-induced BP decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Ceraudo
- From the Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, INSERM U1050, Paris F-75005, France, the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris F-75005, France, CNRS, UMR 7241, Paris F-75005, France, and
| | - Cécile Galanth
- From the Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, INSERM U1050, Paris F-75005, France, the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris F-75005, France, CNRS, UMR 7241, Paris F-75005, France, and
| | - Eric Carpentier
- the Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, and Groupe de Recherche Universitaire sur le Médicament, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Inmaculada Banegas-Font
- From the Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, INSERM U1050, Paris F-75005, France, the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris F-75005, France, CNRS, UMR 7241, Paris F-75005, France, and
| | - Anne-Marie Schonegge
- the Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, and Groupe de Recherche Universitaire sur le Médicament, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Alvear-Perez
- From the Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, INSERM U1050, Paris F-75005, France, the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris F-75005, France, CNRS, UMR 7241, Paris F-75005, France, and
| | - Xavier Iturrioz
- From the Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, INSERM U1050, Paris F-75005, France, the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris F-75005, France, CNRS, UMR 7241, Paris F-75005, France, and
| | - Michel Bouvier
- the Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, and Groupe de Recherche Universitaire sur le Médicament, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Catherine Llorens-Cortes
- From the Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, INSERM U1050, Paris F-75005, France, the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris F-75005, France, CNRS, UMR 7241, Paris F-75005, France, and
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148
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Apelin increases cardiac contractility via protein kinase Cε- and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent mechanisms. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93473. [PMID: 24695532 PMCID: PMC3973555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apelin, the endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled apelin receptor, is an important regulator of the cardiovascular homoeostasis. We previously demonstrated that apelin is one of the most potent endogenous stimulators of cardiac contractility; however, its underlying signaling mechanisms remain largely elusive. In this study we characterized the contribution of protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) to the positive inotropic effect of apelin. Methods and Results In isolated perfused rat hearts, apelin increased contractility in association with activation of prosurvival kinases PKC and ERK1/2. Apelin induced a transient increase in the translocation of PKCε, but not PKCα, from the cytosol to the particulate fraction, and a sustained increase in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the left ventricle. Suppression of ERK1/2 activation diminished the apelin-induced increase in contractility. Although pharmacological inhibition of PKC attenuated the inotropic response to apelin, it had no effect on ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Moreover, the apelin-induced positive inotropic effect was significantly decreased by inhibition of MLCK, a kinase that increases myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Conclusions Apelin increases cardiac contractility through parallel and independent activation of PKCε and ERK1/2 signaling in the adult rat heart. Additionally MLCK activation represents a downstream mechanism in apelin signaling. Our data suggest that, in addition to their role in cytoprotection, modest activation of PKCε and ERK1/2 signaling improve contractile function, therefore these pathways represent attractive possible targets in the treatment of heart failure.
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149
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Margathe JF, Iturrioz X, Alvear-Perez R, Marsol C, Riché S, Chabane H, Tounsi N, Kuhry M, Heissler D, Hibert M, Llorens-Cortes C, Bonnet D. Structure-activity relationship studies toward the discovery of selective apelin receptor agonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:2908-19. [PMID: 24625069 DOI: 10.1021/jm401789v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Apelin is the endogenous ligand for the previously orphaned G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin and its receptor are widely distributed in the brain, heart, and vasculature, and are emerging as an important regulator of body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular functions. To further progress in the pharmacology and the physiological role of the apelin receptor, the development of small, bioavailable agonists and antagonists of the apelin receptor, is crucial. In this context, E339-3D6 (1) was described as the first nonpeptidic apelin receptor agonist. We show here that 1 is actually a mixture of polymethylated species, and we describe an alternative and versatile solid-phase approach that allows access to highly pure 27, the major component of 1. This approach was also applied to prepare a series of derivatives in order to identify the crucial structural determinants required for the ligand to maintain its affinity for the apelin receptor as well as its capacity to promote apelin receptor signaling and internalization. The study of the structure-activity relationships led to the identification of ligands 19, 21, and 38, which display an increased affinity compared to that of 27. The latter and 19 behave as full agonists with regard to cAMP production and apelin receptor internalization, whereas 21 is a biased agonist toward cAMP production. Interestingly, the three ligands display a much higher stability in mouse plasma (T1/2 > 10 h) than the endogenous apelin-17 peptide 2 (T1/2 < 4 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Margathe
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Labex Medalis, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
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150
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Zhang L, Chen X, Sharma P, Moon M, Sheftel AD, Dawood F, Nghiem MP, Wu J, Li RK, Gramolini AO, Sorensen PH, Penninger JM, Brumell JH, Liu PP. HACE1-dependent protein degradation provides cardiac protection in response to haemodynamic stress. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3430. [PMID: 24614889 PMCID: PMC3959209 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase HACE1
is a tumour suppressor known to regulate Rac1 activity under stress conditions. HACE1 is increased in the serum of patients
with heart failure. Here we show that HACE1 protects the heart under pressure stress by controlling
protein degradation. Hace1
deficiency in mice results in accelerated heart failure and increased mortality
under haemodynamic stress. Hearts from Hace1−/− mice
display abnormal cardiac hypertrophy, left ventricular dysfunction, accumulation of
LC3, p62 and ubiquitinated proteins enriched for
cytoskeletal species, indicating impaired autophagy. Our data suggest that
HACE1 mediates p62-dependent selective autophagic turnover
of ubiquitinated proteins by its ankyrin repeat domain through
protein–protein interaction, which is independent of its E3 ligase
activity. This would classify HACE1 as a dual-function E3 ligase. Our finding that
HACE1 has a protective
function in the heart in response to haemodynamic stress suggests that HACE1 may be a potential diagnostic and
therapeutic target for heart disease. HACE1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase known to regulate various cell
biological processes. Here, Zhang et al. identify HACE1 as a protective factor in
the heart, demonstrating that HACE1 inhibits the development of heart failure in
response to haemodynamic stress by regulating protein degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Zhang
- 1] University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4W7 [2] Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Xin Chen
- 1] University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4W7 [2] Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Parveen Sharma
- Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Mark Moon
- 1] University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4W7 [2] Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Alex D Sheftel
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4W7
| | - Fayez Dawood
- 1] University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4W7 [2] Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Mai P Nghiem
- Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Jun Wu
- Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Anthony O Gramolini
- 1] Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4 [2] Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1L3
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr Bohrgasse 3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - John H Brumell
- 1] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 [2] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 [3] Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1 × 8
| | - Peter P Liu
- 1] University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4W7 [2] Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellent for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4 [3] Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 [4] Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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