101
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Ridker PM. Targeting residual inflammatory risk: The next frontier for atherosclerosis treatment and prevention. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 153:107238. [PMID: 37871757 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and hyperlipidemia act synergistically to drive atherosclerotic progression. Multiple randomized trials now demonstrate that "lower is better" not only for LDLC, but also for hsCRP. Recent data among statin treated patients indicates that residual inflammatory risk is a stronger determinant of recurrent events than residual cholesterol risk. Based on trial data demonstrating a 31% reduction in events with minimal side effects, low-dose colchicine (0.5 mg daily) has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to lower rates of myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death as an adjunct to statin therapy. Physicians can anticipate novel anti-inflammatory agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Ridker
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Division of Preventive Medicine and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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102
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Schulz S, Rehm S, Schlitt A, Bitter K, Reichert S. The Interleukin 6 Protein Level as well as a Genetic Variants, (rs1800795, rs1800797) Are Associated with Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes within 10-Years Follow-Up. Cells 2023; 12:2722. [PMID: 38067150 PMCID: PMC10706232 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of premature death. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a essential marker of innate immunity that is considered to play an important proatherogenic role for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study (substudy of ClinTrials.gov identifier: NCT01045070) was to evaluate IL-6 protein level and genetic variants (rs1800795, rs1800797) with respect to CV outcome (combined endpoint: myocardial infarction, stroke/transient ischemic attack, cardiac death, death according to stroke) among patients CVD within 10-years follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS Overall 1002 in-patients with CVD were included. IL-6 protein level was determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (fasting, between 7 and 8 a.m.). Genetic analyses were carried out by single specific primer-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS In survival analyses, IL-6 protein levels of ≥6.4 pg/mL (log-rank test: p = 0.034; cox regression: p = 0.032, hazard ratio = 1.29) and CC genotype of rs1800795 (log-rank test: p < 0.001, cox regression: p < 0.001, hazard ratio = 1.72) and AA genotype of rs180797 (log-rank test: p = 0.002, cox regression: p < 0.001, hazard ratio = 1.62) were associated with a poorer CV prognosis considering combined CV endpoint. CONCLUSION This study was the first to investigate both elevated IL-6 levels and genetic variants for their prognostic value for adverse CV outcomes in CVD patients within the 10-year follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schulz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Selina Rehm
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Axel Schlitt
- Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus-Harz-Clinic Bad Suderode, 06485 Bad Sundered, Germany;
- Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kerstin Bitter
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefan Reichert
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany; (S.R.); (K.B.); (S.R.)
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103
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Gohari S, Ismail-Beigi F, Mahjani M, Ghobadi S, Jafari A, Ahangar H, Gohari S. The effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on blood interleukin-6 concentration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:257. [PMID: 37996879 PMCID: PMC10668472 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The low-grade chronic inflammation in diabetes plays an important role in development of cardiovascular and renal complications. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are recognized as protective agents for cardio-renal complications. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is positively associated with the pathophysiology of metabolic-related pathologies. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on blood IL-6 concentration in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS Embase, PubMed, and Scopus were systematically searched up to 1st of November 2023. The eligible studies were RCTs with adult population that had provided blood IL-6 for both control and intervention groups. Cochrane risk-of-bias tool were for study quality assessment. Data were analyzed using random effect model via Stata statistical software. RESULTS Eighteen studies with a total of 5311 patients were included. Of which 3222 and 2052 patients were in intervention and control arm, respectively. Of the total population, 49.7% were men. The study durations ranged from 8 to 52 weeks. The pooled analysis showed a significant association between the use of SGLT2 inhibitors and lower IL-6 levels (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -1.04, Confidence Interval (CI): -1.48; -0.60, I2 = 96.93%). Dapagliflozin was observed to have a higher IL-6-lowering effect (SMD = -1.30, CI: -1.89; -0.71, I2 = 92.52) than empagliflozin or canagliflozin. Sub-group analysis of control groups (SMD = -0.58 (-1.01, -0.15) and -1.35 (-2.00, -0.70 for the placebo and active control sub-groups, respectively) and duration of interventions (SMD = -0.78 (-1.28, -0.28) and -1.20 (-1.86, -0.55) for study duration of ≤ 12 and > 12 weeks, respectively) did not change the results. Meta-regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the level of HbA1c and IL-6-lowering efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors. CONCLUSION IL-6 levels are significantly reduced with the use of SGLT2 inhibitors with HbA1c as the only marker influencing such reductions, and dapagliflozin had the highest potency. The anti-inflammatory effect of SGLT2 inhibitors supports their broader use to address diabetic complications related to inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Gohari
- Student Research Center, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Faramarz Ismail-Beigi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mahsa Mahjani
- Endocrine Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Ghobadi
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alireza Jafari
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahangar
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Sheida Gohari
- Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
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104
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Mohammadnia N, Opstal TSJ, El Messaoudi S, Bax WA, Cornel JH. An Update on Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: How to Effectively Treat Residual Risk. Clin Ther 2023; 45:1055-1059. [PMID: 37716836 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study reviewed the contribution of inflammation to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), which has gained widespread recognition in recent years. METHODS This critical review evaluated how recent publications and ongoing clinical trials in atherosclerotic inflammation will affect clinical care. FINDINGS Key trials, including CANTOS (Canakinumab Anti-Inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study) with canakinumab (interleukin-1β inhibition), and COLCOT (Colchicine Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial) and LoDoCo2 (Low Dose Colchicine 2) with colchicine, have shown that suppressing inflammation can improve outcomes in ASCVD. Cholesterol crystals play an important role in activating the NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome and subsequent cytokine cascade. Inflammation contributes to significant residual risk after optimal lipid-lowering therapy. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein is a recognized biomarker of residual risk, and newer biomarkers such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio may add additional information. The role of lipoprotein(a) as a proinflammatory agent or possible inflammatory biomarker is under investigation. The contribution of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and trained immunity are in the early stages of investigation. Ongoing clinical trials of suppressing inflammation with NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome inhibition (colchicine) and alternative approaches with downstream interleukin-6 ligand inhibition (ziltivekimab) will expand the evidence base for the use of anti-inflammatory agents in ASCVD. IMPLICATIONS Based on current evidence and ongoing clinical trials, targeting inflammation alongside optimal lipid lowering is likely to be central to the future treatment of ASCVD. (Clin Ther. 2023;45:XXX-XXX) © 2023 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mohammadnia
- Department of Cardiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - T S J Opstal
- Department of Cardiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - S El Messaoudi
- Department of Cardiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - W A Bax
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - J H Cornel
- Department of Cardiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, the Netherlands; Dutch Network for Cardiovascular Research (WCN), Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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105
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Xu X, Zhang G, Li Z, Li D, Chen R, Huang C, Li Y, Li B, Yu H, Chu XM. MINOCA biomarkers: Non-atherosclerotic aspects. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 551:117613. [PMID: 37871762 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA) is an important subtype of myocardial infarction. Although comprising less than 50% stenosis in the main epicardial coronary arteries, it constitutes a severe health risk. A variety of approaches have been recommended, but definitive diagnosis remains elusive. In addition, the lack of a comprehensive understanding of underlying pathophysiology makes clinical management difficult and unpredictable. This review highlights ongoing efforts to identify relevant biomarkers in MINOCA to improve diagnosis, individualize treatment and better predict outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Zhaoqing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Daisong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Ruolan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Yonghong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Haichu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Xian-Ming Chu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China; The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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106
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Robinson KA, Akbar N, Baidžajevas K, Choudhury RP. Trained immunity in diabetes and hyperlipidemia: Emerging opportunities to target cardiovascular complications and design new therapies. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23231. [PMID: 37779347 PMCID: PMC10947360 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301078r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Some metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia, are associated with a state of inflammation, which adversely affects cardiovascular health. Emerging evidence suggests that long-term hyperactivation of innate immune cells and their bone marrow progenitors, termed trained immunity, functions to accelerate atherosclerosis and its complications in cardiometabolic diseases. This review will focus on how trained immunity is established, particularly through metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming, to cause persistent and deleterious changes in immune cell function, even after the original stimulus has been corrected or removed. Understanding the mechanisms driving maladaptive trained immunity and its fundamental contribution to cardiovascular disease might enable the development of novel disease-modifying therapeutics for the reduction in cardiovascular risk in diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and related cardiometabolic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Robinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Naveed Akbar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Kajus Baidžajevas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Robin P. Choudhury
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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107
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Wadström BN, Bahrami HSZ. Remnant Cholesterol-A Novel Risk Marker for Left Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 16:e016110. [PMID: 37988445 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.123.016110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Nilsson Wadström
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.N.W.), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study (B.N.W.), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (B.N.W., H.S.Z.B.)
| | - Hashmat Sayed Zohori Bahrami
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (B.N.W., H.S.Z.B.)
- Department of Cardiology, Amager and Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (H.S.Z.B.)
- Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Denmark (H.S.Z.B.)
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108
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Alogna A, Koepp KE, Sabbah M, Espindola Netto JM, Jensen MD, Kirkland JL, Lam CSP, Obokata M, Petrie MC, Ridker PM, Sorimachi H, Tchkonia T, Voors A, Redfield MM, Borlaug BA. Interleukin-6 in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2023; 11:1549-1561. [PMID: 37565977 PMCID: PMC10895473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-6 is a central inflammatory mediator and potential therapeutic target in heart failure (HF). Prior studies have shown that IL-6 concentrations are elevated in patients with HF, but much fewer data are available in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine how IL-6 relates to changes in cardiac function, congestion, body composition, and exercise tolerance in HFpEF. METHODS Clinical, laboratory, body composition, exercise capacity, physiologic and health status data across 4 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored trials were analyzed according to the tertiles of IL-6. RESULTS IL-6 was measured in 374 patients with HFpEF. Patients with highest IL-6 levels had greater body mass index; higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels; worse renal function; and lower hemoglobin levels, and were more likely to have diabetes. Although cardiac structure and function measured at rest were similar, patients with HFpEF and highest IL-6 concentrations had more severely impaired peak oxygen consumption (12.3 ± 3.3 mL/kg/min 13.1 ± 3.1 mL/kg/min 14.4 ± 3.9 mL/kg/min, P < 0.0001) as well as 6-minute walk distance (276 ± 107 m vs 332 ± 106 m vs 352 ± 116 m, P < 0.0001), even after accounting for increases in IL-6 related to excess body mass. IL-6 concentrations were associated with increases in total body fat and trunk fat, more severe symptoms during submaximal exercise, and poorer patient-reported health status. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 levels are commonly elevated in HFpEF, and are associated with greater symptom severity, poorer exercise capacity, and more upper body fat accumulation. These findings support testing the hypothesis that therapies that inhibit IL-6 in patients with HFpEF may improve clinical status. (Clinical Trial Registrations: Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition to Improve Clinical Status and Exercise Capacity in Diastolic Heart Failure [RELAX], NCT00763867; Nitrate's Effect on Activity Tolerance in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction, NCT02053493; Inorganic Nitrite Delivery to Improve Exercise Capacity in HFpEF, NCT02742129; Inorganic Nitrite to Enhance Benefits From Exercise Training in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction [HFpEF], NCT02713126).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alogna
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Katlyn E Koepp
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael Sabbah
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jair M Espindola Netto
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - James L Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masaru Obokata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark C Petrie
- BHF Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hidemi Sorimachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adriaan Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Margaret M Redfield
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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109
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Li M, Wang H, Zhang XJ, Cai J, Li H. NAFLD: An Emerging Causal Factor for Cardiovascular Disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2023; 38:0. [PMID: 37431986 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00013.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide that poses a significant threat to human health. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. NAFLD and CVD share risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. However, whether NAFLD is a causal risk factor for CVD remains a matter of debate. This review summarizes the evidence from prospective clinical and Mendelian randomization studies that underscore the potential causal relationship between NAFLD and CVD. The mechanisms of NAFLD contributing to the development of CVD and the necessity of addressing CVD risk while managing NAFLD in clinical practice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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110
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Giret C, Dos Santos Y, Blasco H, Paget C, Gonzalez L, Tressel N, Dieu M, Bigot A, Gissot V, Audemard‐Verger A, Maillot F. No evidence for systemic low-grade inflammation in adult patients with early-treated phenylketonuria: The INGRAPH study. JIMD Rep 2023; 64:446-452. [PMID: 37927482 PMCID: PMC10623104 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The question of an increased cardiovascular risk has been recently raised in adults with phenylketonuria (PKU). As low-grade systemic inflammation increases cardiovascular risk, the INGRAPH study aimed to evaluate low-grade inflammation in adult PKU patients compared to healthy controls and to determine the potential influence of Phe-controlled diet on inflammation. Twenty early-treated adult PKU patients, including a subgroup of 15 classical PKU patients, and 20 healthy volunteers were included. PKU patients and healthy subjects were matched on age, sex and body mass index class. Plasma concentrations of CRP, IFNg, IL1a, IL1b, IL2, IL6, IL10, and TNFα were measured in PKU patients and compared to controls. Plasma CRP was not different in the PKU group as compared to controls. No significant differences were observed between the two groups concerning plasma cytokines concentrations. Plasma CRP and cytokine profile were not different between "on diet" and "off diet" PKU patients. All these results were similar considering only the classical PKU subgroup. No differences were shown in plasma CRP and pro-inflammatory cytokines between adult PKU patients and healthy controls. Further studies are needed, including more patients and extensive characterization of systemic low-grade inflammation, as cardiovascular risk appears to be a new concern in adult PKU population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Giret
- Service de médecine interneCHRU de ToursToursFrance
- Université de ToursToursFrance
| | - Yann Dos Santos
- Université de ToursToursFrance
- UMR INSERM, “iBrain” 1253ToursFrance
| | - Hélène Blasco
- Université de ToursToursFrance
- UMR INSERM, “iBrain” 1253ToursFrance
- Laboratoire de biochimie, CHRU de ToursToursFrance
- Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires du métabolismeToursFrance
| | - Christophe Paget
- Université de ToursToursFrance
- Centre d'étude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR)UMR INSERM 1100ToursFrance
| | - Loïc Gonzalez
- Université de ToursToursFrance
- Centre d'étude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR)UMR INSERM 1100ToursFrance
| | - Nathalie Tressel
- Service de médecine interneCHRU de ToursToursFrance
- Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires du métabolismeToursFrance
| | - Maeva Dieu
- Service de médecine interneCHRU de ToursToursFrance
| | - Adrien Bigot
- Service de médecine interneCHRU de ToursToursFrance
- Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires du métabolismeToursFrance
| | - Valérie Gissot
- Centre d'investigation clinique, CHRU de ToursToursFrance
| | - Alexandra Audemard‐Verger
- Service de médecine interneCHRU de ToursToursFrance
- Université de ToursToursFrance
- Centre d'étude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR)UMR INSERM 1100ToursFrance
| | - François Maillot
- Service de médecine interneCHRU de ToursToursFrance
- Université de ToursToursFrance
- UMR INSERM, “iBrain” 1253ToursFrance
- Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires du métabolismeToursFrance
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111
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Song M, Zhang G, Shi H, Zhu E, Deng L, Shen H. Serum YKL-40 in coronary heart disease: linkage with inflammatory cytokines, artery stenosis, and optimal cut-off value for estimating major adverse cardiovascular events. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1242339. [PMID: 38028459 PMCID: PMC10644235 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1242339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective YKL-40, previously known as chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), is an inflammation-related glycoprotein that promotes atherosclerosis, but its application and optimal cut-off value as a prognostic biomarker in coronary heart disease (CHD) require more clinical evidence. Thus, this prospective study aimed to evaluate the linkage of serum YKL-40 with disease features, inflammatory cytokines, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in CHD patients. Methods A total of 410 CHD patients were enrolled for serum YKL-40 determination via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Meanwhile, serum YKL-40 levels in 100 healthy controls (HCs) were also quantified. Results YKL-40 level was higher in CHD patients compared with that in HCs (P < 0.001). YKL-40 was positively linked with hyperlipidemia (P = 0.014), diabetes mellitus (P = 0.001), fasting blood glucose (P = 0.045), C-reactive protein (P < 0.001), the Gensini score (P < 0.001), and stenosis degree (graded by the Gensini score) (P < 0.001) in CHD patients. In addition, an elevated YKL-40 level was associated with increased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (P = 0.001), interleukin (IL)-1β (P = 0.001), IL-6 (P < 0.001), and IL-17A (P = 0.002) in CHD patients. The 1-/2-/3-year cumulative MACE rates of CHD patients were 5.5%, 14.4%, and 25.0%, respectively. Regarding the prognostic capability, YKL-40 ≥100 ng/ml (the median cut-off value) (P = 0.003) and YKL-40 ≥150 ng/ml (the third interquartile cut-off value) (P = 0.021) reflected an elevated accumulating MACE rate, whereas accumulating MACE was not different between CHD patients with YKL-40 ≥80 and <80 ng/ml (the first interquartile cut-off value) (P = 0.083). Conclusion Serum YKL-40 is positively linked with inflammatory cytokines and the Gensini score, whose high expression cut-off by 100 and 150 ng/ml estimates a higher MACE risk in CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mowei Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Erjun Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Extracorporeal Life Support, The People’s Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, China
| | - Hongtao Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Espinoza-Derout J, Arambulo JML, Ramirez-Trillo W, Rivera JC, Hasan KM, Lao CJ, Jordan MC, Shao XM, Roos KP, Sinha-Hikim AP, Friedman TC. The lipolysis inhibitor acipimox reverses the cardiac phenotype induced by electronic cigarettes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18239. [PMID: 37880325 PMCID: PMC10600141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a prevalent alternative to conventional nicotine cigarettes among smokers and people who have never smoked. Increased concentrations of serum free fatty acids (FFAs) are crucial in generating lipotoxicity. We studied the effects of acipimox, an antilipolytic drug, on e-cigarette-induced cardiac dysfunction. C57BL/6J wild-type mice on high fat diet were treated with saline, e-cigarette with 2.4% nicotine [e-cigarette (2.4%)], and e-cigarette (2.4%) plus acipimox for 12 weeks. Fractional shortening and ejection fraction were diminished in mice exposed to e-cigarettes (2.4%) compared with saline and acipimox-treated mice. Mice exposed to e-cigarette (2.4%) had increased circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines and FFAs, which were diminished by acipimox. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that e-cigarette (2.4%)-treated mice had gene expression changes in the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint pathway that was normalized by acipimox. Accordingly, we showed that acipimox suppressed the nuclear localization of phospho-p53 induced by e-cigarette (2.4%). Additionally, e-cigarette (2.4%) increased the apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, a marker of oxidative DNA damage which was normalized by acipimox. Mice exposed to e-cigarette (2.4%) had increased cardiac Heme oxygenase 1 protein levels and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). These markers of oxidative stress were decreased by acipimox. Therefore, inhibiting lipolysis with acipimox normalizes the physiological changes induced by e-cigarettes and the associated increase in inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Espinoza-Derout
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA.
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jose Mari Luis Arambulo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - William Ramirez-Trillo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Rivera
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Kamrul M Hasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Candice J Lao
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Maria C Jordan
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xuesi M Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kenneth P Roos
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Amiya P Sinha-Hikim
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Theodore C Friedman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, and Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Szpakowicz A, Szum-Jakubowska A, Lisowska A, Dubatówka M, Raczkowski A, Czajkowski M, Szczerbiński Ł, Chlabicz M, Krętowski A, Kamiński KA. The FCGR2A Is Associated with the Presence of Atherosclerotic Plaques in the Carotid Arteries-A Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6480. [PMID: 37892617 PMCID: PMC10607679 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries (APCA) are a prevalent condition with severe potential complications. Studies continuously search for innovative biomarkers for APCA, including those participating in cellular metabolic processes, cell adhesion, immune response, and complement activation. This study aimed to assess the relationship between APCA presence and a broad range of cardiometabolic biomarkers in the general population. METHODS The study group consisted of consecutive participants of the population study Bialystok PLUS. The proximity extension assay (PEA) technique from the Olink Laboratory (Uppsala, Sweden) was used to measure the levels of 92 cardiometabolic biomarkers. RESULTS The study comprised 693 participants (mean age 48.78 ± 15.27 years, 43.4% males, N = 301). APCA was identified in 46.2% of the participants (N = 320). Of the 92 biomarkers that were investigated, 54 were found to be significantly linked to the diagnosis of APCA. After adjusting for the traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis in multivariate analysis, the only biomarker that remained significantly associated with APCA was FCGR2A. CONCLUSION In the general population, the prevalence of APCA is very high. A range of biomarkers are linked with APCA. Nonetheless, the majority of these associations are explained by traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis. The only biomarker that was independently associated with APCA was the FCGR2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szpakowicz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (A.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Szum-Jakubowska
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Lisowska
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (A.S.)
| | - Marlena Dubatówka
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Raczkowski
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Czajkowski
- Department of Informatics, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szczerbiński
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Chlabicz
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Invasive Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Krętowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Karol Adam Kamiński
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13a, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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114
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Wang F, Mei X, Wang Q, Zhao P, Zhou Y, Tang L, Wang B, Xu S, Li X, Jin Q, Xiao Y, Li W. Compound Bacillus alleviates diarrhea by regulating gut microbes, metabolites, and inflammatory responses in pet cats. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:49. [PMID: 37817260 PMCID: PMC10566145 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pet cats frequently have diarrhea in their daily life. Bacillus has a protective role that has crucial beneficial functions on intestinal homeostasis. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of the compound Bacillus on the prevention of diarrhea, microbiota and metabolism in pet cats. A total of 20 pet cats (1-2 years old, 3.91 ± 0.92 kg) were randomly divided into two groups and fed with a basal diet (Control group), or a basal diet supplemented with 3 × 109 CFU/kg compound Bacillus (Probiotics group). The experiment lasted 33 days. RESULTS Results showed that the compound Bacillus significantly reduced the rate of soft stools and diarrhea in pet cats compared with the control group (P < 0.05, n = 10). Meanwhile, compared with the control group, the probiotics group significantly decreased the content of IL-1β and IL-6 and significantly increased IL-10 (P < 0.05, n = 6) in the serum. In addition, feeding probiotics significantly increased the abundance of p_Patescibacter and g_Plectosphaerella, decreased the abundance of p_Firmicutes, p_Gemmatimonadetes, g_Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, g_Ascochytahe and g_Saccharomyces in the feces of the pet cats (P < 0.05, n = 6). And it also can significantly increase the content of total SCFAs, acetic acid and butyric acid in the feces (P < 0.05, n = 6). The fecal and serum metabolomics analyses revealed that most fecal and serum compounds were involved in metabolism, particularly in chemical structure transformation maps and amino acid metabolism. Also, eugenitol and methyl sulfate were the most significantly increased serum metabolites, and log2FC were 38.73 and 37.12, respectively. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that changes in serum metabolism and fecal microbiota were closely related to immune factors. There was also a strong correlation between serum metabolites and microbiota composition. CONCLUSIONS The results of this research highlight the potential of the compound Bacillus as a dietary supplement to alleviate diarrhea in pet cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Xiaoying Mei
- Hangzhou Wangmiao Biotechnology Co., LTD, Hangzhou, 311112 China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Pengwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yuanhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Shujie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Qian Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Yingping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021 China
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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115
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Eberhardt N, Noval MG, Kaur R, Amadori L, Gildea M, Sajja S, Das D, Cilhoroz B, Stewart O, Fernandez DM, Shamailova R, Guillen AV, Jangra S, Schotsaert M, Newman JD, Faries P, Maldonado T, Rockman C, Rapkiewicz A, Stapleford KA, Narula N, Moore KJ, Giannarelli C. SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers pro-atherogenic inflammatory responses in human coronary vessels. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:899-916. [PMID: 38076343 PMCID: PMC10702930 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00336-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present increased risk for ischemic cardiovascular complications up to 1 year after infection. Although the systemic inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection likely contributes to this increased cardiovascular risk, whether SARS-CoV-2 directly infects the coronary vasculature and attendant atherosclerotic plaques remains unknown. Here we report that SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA is detectable and replicates in coronary lesions taken at autopsy from severe COVID-19 cases. SARS-CoV-2 targeted plaque macrophages and exhibited a stronger tropism for arterial lesions than adjacent perivascular fat, correlating with macrophage infiltration levels. SARS-CoV-2 entry was increased in cholesterol-loaded primary macrophages and dependent, in part, on neuropilin-1. SARS-CoV-2 induced a robust inflammatory response in cultured macrophages and human atherosclerotic vascular explants with secretion of cytokines known to trigger cardiovascular events. Our data establish that SARS-CoV-2 infects coronary vessels, inducing plaque inflammation that could trigger acute cardiovascular complications and increase the long-term cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Eberhardt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Gabriela Noval
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ravneet Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Letizia Amadori
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Gildea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Swathy Sajja
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dayasagar Das
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Burak Cilhoroz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - O’Jay Stewart
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dawn M. Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roza Shamailova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Vasquez Guillen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonia Jangra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Newman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Faries
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Maldonado
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Division, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caron Rockman
- Department of Surgery, Vascular Division, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Rapkiewicz
- Department of Pathology, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Long Island School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Stapleford
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Navneet Narula
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn J. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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116
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Edsfeldt A, Gonçalves I, Vigren I, Jovanović A, Engström G, Shore AC, Natali A, Khan F, Nilsson J. Circulating soluble IL-6 receptor associates with plaque inflammation but not with atherosclerosis severity and cardiovascular risk. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 152:107214. [PMID: 37634789 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The residual cardiovascular risk in subjects receiving guideline-recommended therapy is related to persistent vascular inflammation and IL-6 represents a target for its treatment. IL-6 binds to receptors on leukocytes and hepatocytes and/or by forming complexes with soluble IL-6 receptors (sIL-6R) binding to gp130 which is present on all cells. Here we aimed to estimate the associations of these two pathways with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS IL-6 and sIL-6R were analyzed using the proximity extension assay. Baseline plasma samples were obtained from participants in the prospective Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) study (n = 4661), the SUMMIT VIP study (n = 1438) and the Carotid Plaque Imaging Project (CPIP, n = 285). Incident clinical events were obtained through national registers. Plaques removed at surgery were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and biochemical methods. RESULTS During 23.1 ± 7.0 years follow-up, 575 subjects in the MDC cohort suffered a first myocardial infarction. Subjects in the highest tertile of IL-6 had an increased risk compared to the lowest tertile (HR and 95% CI 2.60 [2.08-3.25]). High plasma IL-6 was also associated with more atherosclerosis, increased arterial stiffness, and impaired endothelial function in SUMMIT VIP, but IL-6 was only weakly associated with plaque inflammation in CPIP. sIL-6R showed no independent association with risk of myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis severity or vascular function, but was associated with plaque inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that sIL-6R is a poor marker of CVD risk and associated vascular changes. However, the observation that sIL-6R reflects plaque inflammation highlights the complexity of the role of IL-6 in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Edsfeldt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden; Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Isa Vigren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Anja Jovanović
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Angela C Shore
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrea Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Faisel Khan
- Division of Systems Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden.
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Fletcher EK, Ngwenyama N, Nguyen N, Turner SE, Covic L, Alcaide P, Kuliopulos A. Suppression of Heart Failure With PAR1 Pepducin Technology in a Pressure Overload Model in Mice. Circ Heart Fail 2023; 16:e010621. [PMID: 37477012 PMCID: PMC10592519 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.123.010621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PAR1 (protease-activated receptor-1) contributes to acute thrombosis, but it is not clear whether the receptor is involved in deleterious inflammatory and profibrotic processes in heart failure. Here, we employ the pepducin technology to determine the effects of targeting PAR1 in a mouse heart failure with reduced ejection fraction model. METHODS After undergoing transverse aortic constriction pressure overload or sham surgery, C57BL/6J mice were randomized to daily sc PZ-128 pepducin or vehicle, and cardiac function, inflammation, fibrosis, and molecular analyses conducted at 7 weeks RESULTS: After 7 weeks of transverse aortic constriction, vehicle mice had marked increases in macrophage/monocyte infiltration and fibrosis of the left ventricle as compared with Sham mice. PZ-128 treatment significantly suppressed the inflammatory cell infiltration and cardiac fibrosis. Despite no effect on myocyte cell hypertrophy, PZ-128 afforded a significant reduction in overall left ventricle weight and completely protected against the transverse aortic constriction-induced impairments in left ventricle ejection fraction. PZ-128 significantly suppressed transverse aortic constriction-induced increases in an array of genes involved in myocardial stress, fibrosis, and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The PZ-128 pepducin is highly effective in protecting against cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and loss of left ventricle function in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Fletcher
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center (E.K.F., N. Nguyen, S.E.T., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Njabulo Ngwenyama
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (N. Ngwenyama, P.A.)
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center (E.K.F., N. Nguyen, S.E.T., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Susan E Turner
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center (E.K.F., N. Nguyen, S.E.T., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Lidija Covic
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center (E.K.F., N. Nguyen, S.E.T., L.C., A.K.)
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (N. Ngwenyama, P.A.)
| | - Athan Kuliopulos
- Center for Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center (E.K.F., N. Nguyen, S.E.T., L.C., A.K.)
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Zhao X, Cai Q, Dong L, Zhang X, Wang C, Wang S, Liu L, Hu A. Association between length of daily siesta and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV): a community-based cross sectional study in North China. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:1819-1828. [PMID: 36826736 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To date, many studies have shown a link between siesta and cardiovascular events. Little is known regarding the connection between siesta and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) levels, even though baPWV can determine the degree of atherosclerosis and vascular stiffness. Thus, we examined the relationship between siesta time and baPWV in a cross-sectional study. METHODS Interviews, physical examinations, lab testing, and electron beam computed tomography were all part of the baseline evaluation for participants aged older than 35. Baseline data were compared for 3 different siesta habits: irregular or no siestas, daily short siestas (1 h or less), and daily long siestas (> 1 h). Utilizing logistic regression models and multivariate linear regression, the link between siesta time and baPWV was determined. RESULTS Among all 6566 participants, the different siesta groups had a significant difference of the degrees of AS (P < 0.001). The same outcome was true for both males (P < 0.001) and females (P < 0.001). Numerous cardiovascular risk variables and markers of subclinical atherosclerosis were positively correlated with daily extended siestas. Results from the fully adjusted model showed that long siestas (> 60 min, OR = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.06-1.31, P = 0.002) were linked to a more severe level of the baPWV. For age or gender stratification, we found significant differences between non-siesta and > 60 min siesta groups. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a positive connection between siesta duration and baPWV (β = 0.197, P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS An elevated risk of atherosclerosis was shown to accompany prolonged siestas. These results need to be followed up on with prospective studies and additional lab work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhao
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Qiujing Cai
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Liguang Dong
- Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Shuyu Wang
- Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Lisheng Liu
- Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Aihua Hu
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease Management, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
- Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, 100039, China
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119
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Gerganov G, Georgiev T, Dimova M, Shivacheva T. Vascular effects of biologic and targeted synthetic antirheumatic drugs approved for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:2651-2676. [PMID: 36991244 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with inflammation playing a key role. Biologic and targeted synthetic drugs used to treat RA can induce systemic immunomodulation and may have pleiotropic effects on vascular function, making it crucial to investigate their impact on CVD risk in RA patients. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted to investigate the impact of biologic and targeted synthetic treatments approved for RA on various cardiovascular markers, including endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and subclinical atherosclerosis. Our analysis included a search of the MedLine (via PubMed) and Web of Science databases using a pre-determined search strategy. We conducted a narrative synthesis of the included studies due to heterogeneity in study design and outcome measures. RESULTS From an initial pool of 647 records, we excluded 327 studies based on their titles and abstracts, and we selected 182 studies for final examination. Ultimately, 58 articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in our systematic review. Our analysis of these studies revealed a positive effect of biologic and targeted synthetic therapies on vascular dysfunction associated with RA. However, the impact of these treatments on subclinical atherosclerosis was inconsistent. CONCLUSION Overall, our systematic review provides important insights into the potential cardiovascular benefits of biologic and targeted synthetic treatments for RA by a still unknown mechanism. These findings can inform clinical practice and contribute to our understanding of their possible effects on early vascular pathology. Key Points • Great heterogeneity of methods are used to evaluate the endothelial function and arterial stiffness in patients with RA on biologic and targeted synthetic antirheumatic drugs. • Most studies have shown a considerable improvement in endothelial function and arterial stiffness with TNFi, despite some studies reporting only transient or no improvement. • Anakinra and tocilizumab may have a beneficial effect on vascular function and endothelial injury, as indicated by increased FMD, coronary flow reserve, and reduced levels of biomarkers of endothelial function, while the overall impact of JAKi and rituximab remains inconclusive based on the reviewed studies. • To fully comprehend the distinctions between biologic therapies, more long-term, well-designed clinical trials are necessary using a homogeneous methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Gerganov
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna, 9002, Varna, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital St. Marina - Varna, 9010, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetoslav Georgiev
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital St. Marina - Varna, 9010, Varna, Bulgaria.
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna, 9002, Varna, Bulgaria.
| | - Maria Dimova
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna, 9002, Varna, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital St. Marina - Varna, 9010, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Shivacheva
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital St. Marina - Varna, 9010, Varna, Bulgaria
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna, 9002, Varna, Bulgaria
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Majdinasab M, Lamy de la Chapelle M, Marty JL. Recent Progresses in Optical Biosensors for Interleukin 6 Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:898. [PMID: 37754132 PMCID: PMC10526799 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is pleiotropic cytokine with pathological pro-inflammatory effects in various acute, chronic and infectious diseases. It is involved in a variety of biological processes including immune regulation, hematopoiesis, tissue repair, inflammation, oncogenesis, metabolic control, and sleep. Due to its important role as a biomarker of many types of diseases, its detection in small amounts and with high selectivity is of particular importance in medical and biological fields. Laboratory methods including enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs) and chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIAs) are the most common conventional methods for IL-6 detection. However, these techniques suffer from the complexity of the method, the expensiveness, and the time-consuming process of obtaining the results. In recent years, too many attempts have been conducted to provide simple, rapid, economical, and user-friendly analytical approaches to monitor IL-6. In this regard, biosensors are considered desirable tools for IL-6 detection because of their special features such as high sensitivity, rapid detection time, ease of use, and ease of miniaturization. In this review, current progresses in different types of optical biosensors as the most favorable types of biosensors for the detection of IL-6 are discussed, evaluated, and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Majdinasab
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran;
| | - Marc Lamy de la Chapelle
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM—UMR 6283 CNRS), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France;
| | - Jean Louis Marty
- BAE: Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX 9, 66860 Perpignan, France
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Puig N, Solé A, Aguilera-Simon A, Griñán R, Rotllan N, Camps-Renom P, Benitez S. Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Prevent Atherothrombotic Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14325. [PMID: 37762627 PMCID: PMC10531661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherothrombotic stroke represents approximately 20% of all ischemic strokes. It is caused by large-artery atherosclerosis, mostly in the internal carotid artery, and it is associated with a high risk of early recurrence. After an ischemic stroke, tissue plasminogen activator is used in clinical practice, although it is not possible in all patients. In severe clinical situations, such as high carotid stenosis (≥70%), revascularization by carotid endarterectomy or by stent placement is carried out to avoid recurrences. In stroke prevention, the pharmacological recommendations are based on antithrombotic, lipid-lowering, and antihypertensive therapy. Inflammation is a promising target in stroke prevention, particularly in ischemic strokes associated with atherosclerosis. However, the use of anti-inflammatory strategies has been scarcely studied. No clinical trials are clearly successful and most preclinical studies are focused on protection after a stroke. The present review describes novel therapies addressed to counteract inflammation in the prevention of the first-ever or recurrent stroke. The putative clinical use of broad-spectrum and specific anti-inflammatory drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies and microRNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of atherosclerosis, will be outlined. Further studies are necessary to ascertain which patients may benefit from anti-inflammatory agents and how.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Puig
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.P.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Building M, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.A.-S.); (R.G.)
| | - Arnau Solé
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Ana Aguilera-Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Building M, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.A.-S.); (R.G.)
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Griñán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Building M, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (A.A.-S.); (R.G.)
- Pathofisiology of Lipid-Related Deseases, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Noemi Rotllan
- Pathofisiology of Lipid-Related Deseases, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pol Camps-Renom
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Benitez
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (N.P.); (A.S.)
- CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Caraba A, Iurciuc S, Nicolin M, Iurciuc M. Endothelial Dysfunction in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Correlation with Serum Biomarkers of Disease Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13918. [PMID: 37762225 PMCID: PMC10531316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and serum cytokines, anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, beta-2 microglobulin levels, focus score and EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients. The study included 90 patients with pSS and 45 healthy subjects, matched for age and gender, as controls. Serum beta-2 microglobulin, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, TNF-α, and IL-6 were analyzed in both the groups. Patients with pSS were also tested for antinuclear antibodies, anti-SAA (anti-Sjögren's syndrome-related antigen A) antibodies, anti-SSB (anti-Sjögren syndrome related antigen B) antibodies, and focus score (the histopathologic one, based on minor salivary gland biopsy). Endothelial dysfunction was assessed by means of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test and the Pearson's correlation. Differences were considered to be statistically significant if the value of p < 0.05. Endothelial dysfunction was identified in pSS patients (p < 0.00001). The serum levels of cytokines (TNF-α, respective IL-6) and beta-2 microglobulin were increased in pSS patients compared with controls (p < 0.00001). Endothelial dysfunction (expressed as FMD%) was correlated with focus score, ESSDAI, levels of anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, beta-2 microglobulin, IL-6, and TNF-α, with statistical significance. Endothelial dysfunction is present in pSS patients and is associated with a high focus score and activity as well as increased concentrations of antibodies, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and beta 2-microglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Caraba
- 3rd Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Rheumatology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Stela Iurciuc
- Cardiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Nicolin
- Cardiology Department, “Victor Popescu” Military Hospital, 300080 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Mircea Iurciuc
- Cardiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babeș”, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
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Sharma P, Joshi RV, Pritchard R, Xu K, Eicher MA. Therapeutic Antibodies in Medicine. Molecules 2023; 28:6438. [PMID: 37764213 PMCID: PMC10535987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody engineering has developed into a wide-reaching field, impacting a multitude of industries, most notably healthcare and diagnostics. The seminal work on developing the first monoclonal antibody four decades ago has witnessed exponential growth in the last 10-15 years, where regulators have approved monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics and for several diagnostic applications, including the remarkable attention it garnered during the pandemic. In recent years, antibodies have become the fastest-growing class of biological drugs approved for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, from cancer to autoimmune conditions. This review discusses the field of therapeutic antibodies as it stands today. It summarizes and outlines the clinical relevance and application of therapeutic antibodies in treating a landscape of diseases in different disciplines of medicine. It discusses the nomenclature, various approaches to antibody therapies, and the evolution of antibody therapeutics. It also discusses the risk profile and adverse immune reactions associated with the antibodies and sheds light on future applications and perspectives in antibody drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Sharma
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA 18509, USA
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Ren J, Wang XQ, Nakao T, Libby P, Shi GP. Differential Roles of Interleukin-6 in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 Infection and Cardiometabolic Diseases. CARDIOLOGY DISCOVERY 2023; 3:166-182. [PMID: 38152628 PMCID: PMC10750760 DOI: 10.1097/cd9.0000000000000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to a cytokine storm, unleashed in part by pyroptosis of virus-infected macrophages and monocytes. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has emerged as a key participant in this ominous complication of COVID-19. IL-6 antagonists have improved outcomes in patients with COVID-19 in some, but not all, studies. IL-6 signaling involves at least 3 distinct pathways, including classic-signaling, trans-signaling, and trans-presentation depending on the localization of IL-6 receptor and its binding partner glycoprotein gp130. IL-6 has become a therapeutic target in COVID-19, cardiovascular diseases, and other inflammatory conditions. However, the efficacy of inhibition of IL-6 signaling in metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, may depend in part on cell type-dependent actions of IL-6 in controlling lipid metabolism, glucose uptake, and insulin sensitivity owing to complexities that remain to be elucidated. The present review sought to summarize and discuss the current understanding of how and whether targeting IL-6 signaling ameliorates outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated clinical complications, focusing predominantly on metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ren
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Xiao-Qi Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tetsushi Nakao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Zhao M, Zheng Z, Yin Z, Zhang J, Qin J, Wan J, Wang M. Resolvin D2 and its receptor GPR18 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: A promising biomarker and therapeutic target. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106832. [PMID: 37364787 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of the initiation and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (CVMDs). Anti-inflammation strategies and those that promote inflammation resolution have gradually become potential therapeutic approaches for CVMDs. Resolvin D2 (RvD2), a specialized pro-resolving mediator, exerts anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution effects through its receptor GPR18, a G protein-coupled receptor. Recently, the RvD2/GPR18 axis has received more attention due to its protective role in CVMDs, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischaemiareperfusion, and diabetes. Here, we introduce basic information about RvD2 and GPR18, summarize their roles in different immune cells, and review the therapeutic potential of the RvD2/GPR18 axis in CVMDs. In summary, RvD2 and its receptor GPR18 play an important role in the occurrence and development of CVMDs and are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zihui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jishou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Juanjuan Qin
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Center for Healthy Aging, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China.
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Li C, Wang Y, Mei P, Tung TH, Wu G, Wang F, Wang E, Ni H, Zhu X, He Z, Ke S. High Interleukin-6 Levels Are Associated With Large-Artery Atherosclerotic Stroke. Neurologist 2023; 28:277-280. [PMID: 36715665 DOI: 10.1097/nrl.0000000000000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interleukins (ILs) play several critical roles in modulating the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis-related diseases. We aimed to investigate the associations between ILs and the diagnosis, progress, and functional outcome in patients with large-artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke. METHODS Plasma levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured within 24 hours after stroke in 181 patients with first-time LAA stroke and on admission in 181 age-matched and sex-matched controls. NIHSS scores were recorded at admission and on Day 1, Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, and Day 5 after the stroke. Functional outcome was measured by the modified Rankin Scale at 3 months after stroke. Subgroup analyses were compared based on short-term progress within 5 days (ΔNIHSS ≥3) and 3-month unfavorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale >2). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for relevant confounders was performed. RESULTS IL-6 levels were higher in patients with LAA stroke than in controls [AOR (95% CI), 0.701 (95% CI 0.651-0.748, P <0.001], with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.701. Higher IL-6 levels were associated with short-term progression [AOR (95% CI), 1.070 (1.009, 1.135), P =0.025], with an AUC value of 0.720. Higher IL-6 levels were associated with unfavorable outcomes [AOR (95% CI), 1.075 (1.002, 1.153), P =0.040], with an AUC value of 0.658. No difference in IL-2, IL-4, or IL-10 was found between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Plasma levels of IL-6 are higher in patients with LAA stroke and are independently associated with short-term progression and 3-month functional outcomes after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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Ni W, Breitner S, Nikolaou N, Wolf K, Zhang S, Peters A, Herder C, Schneider A. Effects of Short- And Medium-Term Exposures to Lower Air Temperature on 71 Novel Biomarkers of Subclinical Inflammation: Results from the KORA F4 Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12210-12221. [PMID: 37552838 PMCID: PMC10448716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has revealed that exposure to low temperatures is linked to a higher risk of chronic diseases and death; however, the mechanisms underlying the observed associations are still poorly understood. We performed a cross-sectional analysis with 1115 participants from the population-based KORA F4 study, which was conducted in Augsburg, Germany, from 2006 to 2008. Seventy-one inflammation-related protein biomarkers were analyzed in serum using proximity extension assay technology. We employed generalized additive models to explore short- and medium-term effects of air temperature on biomarkers of subclinical inflammation at cumulative lags of 0-1 days, 2-6 days, 0-13 days, 0-27 days, and 0-55 days. We found that short- and medium-term exposures to lower air temperature were associated with higher levels in 64 biomarkers of subclinical inflammation, such as Protein S100-A12 (EN-RAGE), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), C-C motif chemokine 28 (CCL28), and Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). More pronounced associations between lower air temperature and higher biomarker of subclinical inflammation were observed among older participants, people with cardiovascular disease or prediabetes/diabetes, and people exposed to higher levels of air pollution (PM2.5, NO2, and O3). Our findings provide intriguing insight into how low air temperature may cause adverse health effects by activating inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Ni
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München
- German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
- Institute
for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer
School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München
- German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
- Institute
for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer
School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Nikolaou
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München
- German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
- Institute
for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer
School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München
- German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München
- German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München
- German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
- Institute
for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer
School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
- German
Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Munich D-85764, Germany
- German Centre
for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner
Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute
for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Division
of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital
Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University
Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40204, Germany
- German
Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Munich D-85764, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute
of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München
- German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
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128
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Nelson K, Fuster V, Ridker PM. Low-Dose Colchicine for Secondary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 82:648-660. [PMID: 37558377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Among statin-treated patients, inflammation assessed by means of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a more powerful determinant of cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality than low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Several therapies that target residual inflammatory risk significantly reduce vascular event rates. For coronary artery disease patients already taking guideline-directed medical care, including statins, low-dose colchicine (0.5 mg/d orally) has been shown to safely lower major adverse cardiovascular events by 31% among those with stable atherosclerosis and by 23% after recent myocardial infarction. These magnitudes of benefit are larger than those seen in contemporary secondary prevention trials of adjunctive lipid-lowering agents. Low-dose colchicine is contraindicated in patients with significant renal or liver dysfunction and should be temporarily discontinued when taking concomitant agents such as clarithromycin, ketoconazole, and cyclosporine that share metabolism pathways. Lipid lowering and inflammation inhibition are not in conflict but are synergistic. In the future, combined use of aggressive LDL-C-lowering and inflammation-inhibiting therapies may become standard of care for most atherosclerosis patients. In June 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of low-dose colchicine to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, and cardiovascular death in adult patients with established atherosclerotic disease or with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Nelson
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Valentin Fuster
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Divisions of Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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129
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Eberhardt N, Noval MG, Kaur R, Sajja S, Amadori L, Das D, Cilhoroz B, Stewart O, Fernandez DM, Shamailova R, Guillen AV, Jangra S, Schotsaert M, Gildea M, Newman JD, Faries P, Maldonado T, Rockman C, Rapkiewicz A, Stapleford KA, Narula N, Moore KJ, Giannarelli C. SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers pro-atherogenic inflammatory responses in human coronary vessels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.14.553245. [PMID: 37645908 PMCID: PMC10461985 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.14.553245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 patients present higher risk for myocardial infarction (MI), acute coronary syndrome, and stroke for up to 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 infection. While the systemic inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection likely contributes to this increased cardiovascular risk, whether SARS-CoV-2 directly infects the coronary vasculature and attendant atherosclerotic plaques to locally promote inflammation remains unknown. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA (vRNA) is detectable and replicates in coronary atherosclerotic lesions taken at autopsy from patients with severe COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 localizes to plaque macrophages and shows a stronger tropism for arterial lesions compared to corresponding perivascular fat, correlating with the degree of macrophage infiltration. In vitro infection of human primary macrophages highlights that SARS-CoV-2 entry is increased in cholesterol-loaded macrophages (foam cells) and is dependent, in part, on neuropilin-1 (NRP-1). Furthermore, although viral replication is abortive, SARS-CoV-2 induces a robust inflammatory response that includes interleukins IL-6 and IL-1β, key cytokines known to trigger ischemic cardiovascular events. SARS-CoV-2 infection of human atherosclerotic vascular explants recapitulates the immune response seen in cultured macrophages, including pro-atherogenic cytokine secretion. Collectively, our data establish that SARS-CoV-2 infects macrophages in coronary atherosclerotic lesions, resulting in plaque inflammation that may promote acute CV complications and long-term risk for CV events.
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130
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Li Z, Lin C, Cai X, Hu S, Lv F, Yang W, Zhu X, Ji L. Anti-inflammatory therapies were associated with reduced risk of myocardial infarction in patients with established cardiovascular disease or high cardiovascular risks: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Atherosclerosis 2023; 379:117181. [PMID: 37527612 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.06.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to evaluate the association between anti-inflammatory therapies and the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) or high cardiovascular risks. METHODS Literature retrieval was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Clinicaltrial.gov website from the inception to December 2022. Randomized controlled trials comparing anti-inflammatory therapies with placebo in patients with established CVD or high cardiovascular risks were included. The results of the meta-analysis were computed as the risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Compared with placebo, anti-inflammatory therapies were associated with decreased incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) (RR = 0.93, 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.98), which was mainly driven by therapies targeting central IL-6 signaling pathway (RR = 0.83, 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.93). IL-1 inhibitors treatment was associated with reduced risks of heart failure (RR = 0.38, 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.80) while lower incidence of stroke was observed in patients with colchicine treatment (RR = 0.47, 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.77). MI events were less frequent in patients over 65 years of age (RR = 0.90, 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.98) or with follow-up duration over 1 year (RR = 0.90, 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.96) when comparing anti-inflammatory therapies with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Anti-inflammatory therapies, especially those targeting the central IL-6 signaling pathway, may serve as promising treating strategies to ameliorate the risk of MI. IL-1 inhibitor and colchicine were associated with decreased risks of heart failure and stroke, respectively. MI risk reduction by anti-inflammatory therapies seemed to be more prominent in older patients with long follow-up duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Suiyuan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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131
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Chan DC, Kritharides L, Watts GF. The remnant-cholesterol/CRP nexus: Trouble and strife when the fat hits the fire. Atherosclerosis 2023; 379:117169. [PMID: 37527960 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dick C Chan
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leonard Kritharides
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Cardiology Department, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Lipid Disorders Clinic, Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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132
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Burger PM, Koudstaal S, Mosterd A, Fiolet ATL, Teraa M, van der Meer MG, Cramer MJ, Visseren FLJ, Ridker PM, Dorresteijn JAN. C-Reactive Protein and Risk of Incident Heart Failure in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 82:414-426. [PMID: 37495278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) are at high risk of incident heart failure (HF), which may in part reflect the impact of systemic inflammation. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to determine the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and incident HF in patients with established CVD. METHODS Patients from the prospective UCC-SMART (Utrecht Cardiovascular Cohort-Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease) cohort with established CVD, but without prevalent HF were included (n = 8,089). Incident HF was defined as a first hospitalization for HF. The association between baseline CRP and incident HF was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for established risk factors (ie, age, sex, myocardial infarction, smoking, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, and kidney function). RESULTS During a median follow-up of 9.7 years (IQR 5.4-14.1 years), 810 incident HF cases were observed (incidence rate 1.01/100 person-years). Higher CRP was independently associated with an increased risk of incident HF: HR per 1 mg/L: 1.10 (95% CI: 1.07-1.13), and for last vs first CRP quartile: 2.22 (95% CI: 1.76-2.79). The association was significant for both HF with reduced (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04-1.14) and preserved ejection fraction (HR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.07-1.18) (P for difference = 0.137). Additional adjustment for medication use and interim myocardial infarction did not attenuate the association, and the association remained consistent beyond 15 years after the CRP measurement. CONCLUSIONS In patients with established CVD, CRP is an independent risk marker of incident HF. These data support ongoing trial efforts to assess whether anti-inflammatory agents can reduce the burden of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M Burger
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Koudstaal
- Department of Cardiology, Green Heart Hospital, Gouda, the Netherlands
| | - Arend Mosterd
- Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Aernoud T L Fiolet
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Teraa
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Manon G van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten J Cramer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank L J Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jannick A N Dorresteijn
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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133
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Birnbaum Y, Ye R, Chen H, Carlsson L, Whatling C, Fjellström O, Ryberg E, Ye Y. Recombinant Apyrase (AZD3366) Against Myocardial Reperfusion Injury. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:625-646. [PMID: 35192075 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recombinant apyrase (AZD3366) increases adenosine production and ticagrelor inhibits adenosine reuptake. We investigated whether intravenous AZD3366 before reperfusion reduces myocardial infarct size (IS) and whether AZD3366 and ticagrelor have additive effects. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 30 min ischemia. At 25 min of ischemia, animals received intravenous AZD3366 or vehicle. Additional animals received intravenous CGS15943 (an adenosine receptor blocker) or intraperitoneal ticagrelor. At 24 h reperfusion, IS was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Other rats were subjected to 30 min ischemia followed by 1 h or 24 h reperfusion. Myocardial samples were assessed for adenosine levels, RT-PCR, and immunoblotting. RESULTS AZD3366 and ticagrelor reduced IS. The protective effect was blocked by CGS15943. The effect of AZD3366 + ticagrelor was significantly greater than AZD3366. One hour after infarction, myocardial adenosine levels significantly increased with AZD3366, but not with ticagrelor. In contrast, 24 h after infarction, adenosine levels were equally increased by AZD3366 and ticagrelor, and levels were higher in the AZD3366 + ticagrelor group. One hour after reperfusion, AZD3366 and ticagrelor equally attenuated the increase in interleukin-15 (an early inflammatory marker after ischemic cell death) levels, and their combined effects were additive. AZD3366, but not ticagrelor, significantly attenuated the increase in RIP1, RIP3, and P-MLKL (markers of necroptosis) 1 h after reperfusion. AZD3366, but not ticagrelor, significantly attenuated the increase in IL-6 and GSDMD-N (markers of pyroptosis) 1 h after reperfusion. At 24 h of reperfusion, both agents equally attenuated the increase in these markers, and their effects were additive. CONCLUSIONS AZD3366 attenuated inflammation, necrosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis and limited IS. The effects of AZD3366 and ticagrelor were additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yochai Birnbaum
- The Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Regina Ye
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Acupuncture, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Branch, University of Texas, 301 University Blvd, BSB 648, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Leif Carlsson
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Whatling
- Translational Sciences and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Fjellström
- Projects, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Ryberg
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yumei Ye
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Branch, University of Texas, 301 University Blvd, BSB 648, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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134
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Sanchez-Azofra A, Gu W, Masso-Silva JA, Sanz-Rubio D, Marin-Oto M, Cubero P, Gil AV, Moya EA, Barnes LA, Mesarwi OA, Marin T, Simonson TS, Crotty Alexander LE, Marin JM, Malhotra A. Inflammation biomarkers in OSA, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/OSA overlap syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med 2023; 19:1447-1456. [PMID: 37082823 PMCID: PMC10394367 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The coexistence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a single individual, also known as overlap syndrome (OVS), is associated with higher cardiovascular risk and mortality than either OSA or COPD alone. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that patients with OVS have elevated systemic inflammatory biomarkers relative to patients with either disease alone, which could explain greater cardiovascular risk observed in OVS. METHODS We included 255 participants in the study, 55 with COPD alone, 100 with OSA alone, 50 with OVS, and 50 healthy controls. All participants underwent a home sleep study, spirometry, and a blood draw for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and total blood count analysis. In a randomly selected subset of 186 participants, inflammatory protein profiling was performed using Bio-Rad Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-Plex Assays. Biomarker level differences across groups were identified using a mixed linear model. RESULTS Levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) were higher in participants with OVS and COPD compared with healthy controls and participants with OSA. Furthermore, participants with OVS had higher circulating levels of leukocytes and neutrophils than those with COPD, OSA, and controls. CONCLUSIONS COPD and OVS are associated with higher systemic inflammation relative to OSA and healthy controls. This work proposes the potential utilization of interleukin 6, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as screening biomarkers for COPD in patients with OSA. Inflammatory pathways may not fully explain the higher cardiovascular risk observed in OVS, indicating the need for further investigation. CITATION Sanchez-Azofra A, Gu W, Masso-Silva JA, et al. Inflammation biomarkers in OSA, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/OSA overlap syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(8):1447-1456.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sanchez-Azofra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Wanjun Gu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jorge A. Masso-Silva
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, VA San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - David Sanz-Rubio
- Translational Research Unit, IIS Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Marin-Oto
- Translational Research Unit, IIS Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Cubero
- Translational Research Unit, IIS Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana V. Gil
- Translational Research Unit, IIS Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esteban A. Moya
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California
| | - Laura A. Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California
| | - Omar A. Mesarwi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California
| | - Traci Marin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California
- Health Sciences, Department of Respiratory Therapy, Victor Valley College, Victorville, California
| | - Tatum S. Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California
- Center for Physiological Genomics of Low Oxygen, University of California, La Jolla, California
| | - Laura E. Crotty Alexander
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, VA San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jose M. Marin
- Translational Research Unit, IIS Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBERES Instituto Salud Carlos III, and Department of Medicine, University of Zaragoza School of Medicine, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California
- Center for Physiological Genomics of Low Oxygen, University of California, La Jolla, California
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135
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Graham SM, Nance RM, Chen J, Wurfel MM, Hunt PW, Heckbert SR, Budoff MJ, Moore RD, Jacobson JM, Martin JN, Crane HM, López JA, Liles WC. Plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Angiopoietin-2, and C-Reactive Protein Levels Predict Subsequent Type 1 Myocardial Infarction in Persons With Treated HIV Infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2023; 93:282-291. [PMID: 37018921 PMCID: PMC10330055 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV infection leads to endothelial activation, promoting platelet adhesion, and accelerating atherosclerosis. Our goal was to determine whether biomarkers of endothelial activation and hemostasis/thrombosis were elevated in people with treated HIV (PWH) before myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS In a case-control study nested within the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort, we compared 69 adjudicated cases with type 1 MI with 138 controls matched for antiretroviral therapy regimen. We measured angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13), von Willebrand factor, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activation inhibitor-1, P-selectin, serum amyloid-A, soluble CD14, and apolipoprotein A1 in stored plasma. Conditional logistic regression identified associations with subsequent MI, with and without adjustment for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) and Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) scores. RESULTS Higher IL-6 was associated with MI after adjustment for ASCVD score (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.51, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.05 to 2.17 per standard-deviation-scaled log 2 increment). In a separate model adjusting for VACS score, higher ANG-2 (AOR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.14), higher CRP (AOR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.00), and higher IL-6 (AOR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.41) were associated with MI. In a sensitivity analysis excluding PWH with viral load ≥400 copies/mL, higher IL-6 remained associated with MI after adjustment for ASCVD score and after adjustment for VACS score. CONCLUSIONS Among PWH, higher levels of plasma IL-6, CRP, and ANG-2 predict subsequent type 1 MI, independent of conventional risk scores. IL-6 had the most consistent associations with type 1 MI, regardless of viral load suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Graham
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robin M. Nance
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junmei Chen
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark M. Wurfel
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter W. Hunt
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Susan R. Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey N. Martin
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Heidi M. Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - José A. López
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W. Conrad Liles
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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136
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Woxholt S, Ueland T, Aukrust P, Anstensrud AK, Broch K, Tøllefsen IM, Ryan L, Bendz B, Hopp E, Kløw NE, Seljeflot I, Halvorsen B, Dahl TB, Huse C, Andersen GØ, Gullestad L, Wiseth R, Amundsen BH, Damas JK, Kleveland O. Cytokine pattern in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab. Open Heart 2023; 10:e002301. [PMID: 37591633 PMCID: PMC10441101 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2023-002301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tocilizumab improves myocardial salvage index (MSI) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but its mechanisms of action are unclear. Here, we explored how cytokines were affected by tocilizumab and their correlations with neutrophils, C-reactive protein (CRP), troponin T, MSI and infarct size. METHODS STEMI patients were randomised to receive a single dose of 280 mg tocilizumab (n=101) or placebo (n=98) before percutaneous coronary intervention. Blood samples were collected before infusion of tocilizumab or placebo at baseline, during follow-up at 24-36, 72-168 hours, 3 and 6 months. 27 cytokines were analysed using a multiplex cytokine assay. Cardiac MRI was performed during hospitalisation and 6 months. RESULTS Repeated measures analysis of variance showed significant (p<0.001) between-group difference in changes for IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1ra due to an increase in the tocilizumab group during hospitalisation. IL-6 and IL-8 correlated to neutrophils in the placebo group (r=0.73, 0.68, respectively), which was attenuated in the tocilizumab group (r=0.28, 0.27, respectively). A similar pattern was seen for MSI and IL-6 and IL-8 in the placebo group (r=-0.29, -0.25, respectively) in patients presenting ≤3 hours from symptom onset, which was attenuated in the tocilizumab group (r=-0.09,-0.14, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Tocilizumab increases IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1ra in STEMI. IL-6 and IL-8 show correlations to neutrophils/CRP and markers of cardiac injury in the placebo group that was attenuated in the tocilizumab group. This may suggest a beneficial effect of tocilizumab on the ischaemia-reperfusion injury in STEMI patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03004703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre Woxholt
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - T Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Disease, Oslo Universitetssykehus, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Rikshospitalet Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Kristine Anstensrud
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaspar Broch
- Department of Cardiology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Centre for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Liv Ryan
- Department of clinical and Molecular medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Bendz
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Hopp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils-Einar Kløw
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuva B Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Huse
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Øystein Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo universitetssykehus Ulleval, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre and Centre for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Wiseth
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Brage H Amundsen
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Kristian Damas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ola Kleveland
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Dimitroglou Y, Aggeli C, Theofilis P, Tsioufis P, Oikonomou E, Chasikidis C, Tsioufis K, Tousoulis D. Novel Anti-Inflammatory Therapies in Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndromes. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1669. [PMID: 37629526 PMCID: PMC10455741 DOI: 10.3390/life13081669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in atherosclerosis and the consequent clinical presentation, including stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The most essential elements are cytokines, proteins with hormone-like properties that are produced by the immune cells, endothelial cells, platelets, fibroblasts, and some stromal cells. Interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6), chemokines, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are the cytokines commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis. These molecules can be targeted by commonly used therapeutic substances or selective molecules that exert targeted anti-inflammatory actions. The most significant anti-inflammatory therapies are aspirin, statins, colchicine, IL-1β inhibitors, and IL-6 inhibitors, along with novel therapies such as TNF-α inhibitors and IL-1 receptor antagonists. Aspirin and statins are well-established therapies for atherosclerosis and CAD and their pleiotropic and anti-inflammatory actions contribute to their efficacy and favorable profile. Colchicine may also be considered in high-risk patients if recurrent ACS episodes occur when on optimal medical therapy according to the most recent guidelines. Recent randomized studies have also shown that therapies specifically targeting inflammatory interleukins and inflammation can reduce the risk for cardiovascular events, but these therapies are yet to be fully implemented in clinical practice. Preclinical research is also intense, targeting various inflammatory mediators that are believed to be implicated in CAD, namely repeated transfers of the soluble mutant of IFN-γ receptors, NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, IL-10 delivery by nanocarriers, chemokine modulatory treatments, and reacting oxygen species (ROS) targeting nanoparticles. Such approaches, although intriguing and promising, ought to be tested in clinical settings before safe conclusions can be drawn. Although the link between inflammation and atherosclerosis is significant, further studies are needed in order to elucidate this association and improve outcomes in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Dimitroglou
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Constantina Aggeli
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Panagiotis Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- Third Department of Cardiology, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos Chasikidis
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Corinth, 20100 Corinth, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, “Hippokration” General Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (Y.D.); (C.A.); (P.T.); (K.T.); (D.T.)
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Jigoranu RA, Roca M, Costache AD, Mitu O, Oancea AF, Miftode RS, Haba MȘC, Botnariu EG, Maștaleru A, Gavril RS, Trandabat BA, Chirica SI, Haba RM, Leon MM, Costache II, Mitu F. Novel Biomarkers for Atherosclerotic Disease: Advances in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1639. [PMID: 37629496 PMCID: PMC10455542 DOI: 10.3390/life13081639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a significant health concern with a growing incidence worldwide. It is directly linked to an increased cardiovascular risk and to major adverse cardiovascular events, such as acute coronary syndromes. In this review, we try to assess the potential diagnostic role of biomarkers in the early identification of patients susceptible to the development of atherosclerosis and other adverse cardiovascular events. We have collected publications concerning already established parameters, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as newer markers, e.g., apolipoprotein B (apoB) and the ratio between apoB and apoA. Additionally, given the inflammatory nature of the development of atherosclerosis, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) are also discussed. Additionally, newer publications on other emerging components linked to atherosclerosis were considered in the context of patient evaluation. Apart from the already in-use markers (e.g., LDL-C), emerging research highlights the potential of newer molecules in optimizing the diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease in earlier stages. After further studies, they might be fully implemented in the screening protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul-Alexandru Jigoranu
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Roca
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru-Dan Costache
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru-Florinel Oancea
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu-Stefan Miftode
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Ștefan Cristian Haba
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eosefina Gina Botnariu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Maștaleru
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu-Sebastian Gavril
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Andrei Trandabat
- Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sabina Ioana Chirica
- Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.I.C.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Raluca Maria Haba
- Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.I.C.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Maria Magdalena Leon
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Mitu
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
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Khanmiri HH, Yazdanfar F, Mobed A, Rezamohammadi F, Rahmani M, Haghgouei T. Biosensors; noninvasive method in detection of C-reactive protein (CRP). Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:27. [PMID: 37498420 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of C reactive protein (CRP) is critical to applying effective therapies for related diseases. Diagnostic technology in today's healthcare systems is mostly deployed in central laboratories, involves expensive and time-consuming processes, and is operated by specialized personnel. For example, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), considered the gold standard diagnostic method, is labor-intensive and requires complex procedures such as multiple washing and labeling steps. Due to these limitations of current diagnostic techniques, it is difficult for people to regularly monitor their health and ultimately the disease is more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage. The problem is exacerbated for economically disadvantaged people living in underdeveloped countries. To address these challenges in the traditional diagnostic field, point-of-care (POC) biosensors have emerged as a promising alternative. This allows patients to have their health checked regularly at or near their bedside without resorting to laboratory tests. Nanotechnology-based methods such as biosensors have been extensively researched and developed. Among biosensors, there are also label-free biosensors with high sensitivity that do not require complicated procedures and reduce test time. However, some drawbacks such as high cost, bulky size and need for trained personnel to operate have not been improved. In this review article, we provide an overview of routine methods in CRP diagnosis and then introduce biosensors as a modern, advanced alternative to older methods. Readers of this article can learn about biosensing and its benefits while being aware of the limitations of routine methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Yazdanfar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mobed
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Mehrnoush Rahmani
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Tannaz Haghgouei
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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140
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Chuang SY, Hsu YC, Chou KW, Chang KS, Wong CH, Hsu YH, Cheng HM, Chen CW, Chen PY. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in a Geriatric Community: The I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1087. [PMID: 37509017 PMCID: PMC10377025 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD) frequently affects the elderly, with inflammation playing a crucial role in related health complications, including dementia, stroke, and SVD. Studies, including animal experiments, indicate a strong link between inflammation and SVD progression. The Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) serves as a possible biomarker for ongoing inflammatory risks. A total of 720 adults aged 50 years or older from the community-based I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study were included in this study. General linear regression and ordinally logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between NLR and CSVD. We further examined the presence of lacune, microbleed, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) on brain MRI, which were used to construct a combined CSVD score. The NLR was positively associated with WMH (adjusted r = 0.109, p = 0.003), microbleed (adjusted r = 0.102, p = 0.006), and lacune (adjusted r = 0.100, p = 0.008). After adjustments for smoking, drinking, and physical activity in the ordinal logistic regression analysis, age, gender, brachial Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), fasting glucose, LDL-cholesterol, and Hs-CRP were compared among subjects with low tertile (T1), medium tertile (T2) and high tertile (T3) NLR. The results showed that T2 vs. T1 had an odds ratio of 1.23 (0.86-1.77); and T3 vs. T1 had an odds ratio of 1.87 (1.29-2.71) of CSVD scores in four groups (zero (reference group), one, two, and three or more). NLR could be used to assess the state of inflammation in cerebral vessels. A significant and positive correlation between NLR and CSVD was verified in this study. However, the practical clinical application of NLR in CSVD patients and prognosis prediction should be validated through more scientific attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yuan Chuang
- Institute of Population Health Science, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli 36001, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chen Hsu
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Wei Chou
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11008, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Song Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11008, Taiwan
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei 11260, Taiwan
| | - Chiong-Hee Wong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11008, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Hsu
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11008, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei 31254, Taiwan
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Yen Chen
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11008, Taiwan
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141
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Dougherty K, Zhao Y, Dunlop AL, Corwin E. Association between Sexual Activity during Pregnancy, Pre- and Early-Term Birth, and Vaginal Cytokine Inflammation: A Prospective Study of Black Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1995. [PMID: 37510436 PMCID: PMC10379435 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11141995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between sexual activity during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes among Black women, and to explore whether vaginal cytokine inflammation mediates this association. Data from 397 Black pregnant women through questionnaires on sexual activity and vaginal biosamples during early (8-14 weeks) and late (24-30 weeks) pregnancy, and birth outcomes were analyzed. Using a data-driven approach, the study found that vaginal sex during late pregnancy was associated with spontaneous early-term birth (sETB, 38-39 completed weeks' gestation) (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: [0.21, 0.72], p-value = 0.003) but not with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) (OR = 1.08, p-value = 0.86) compared to full-term birth. Overall, despite vaginal sex in late pregnancy showing an overall positive effect on sETB (total effect = -0.1580, p-value = 0.015), we observed a negative effect of vaginal sex on sETB (indirect effect = 0.0313, p-value = 0.026) due to the fact that having vaginal sex could lead to elevated IL6 levels, which in turn increased the odds of sETB. In conclusion, the study found an overall positive association between sexual activity on ETB and a negative partial mediation effect via increased vaginal cytokine inflammation induced by vaginal sexual activity. This inconsistent mediation model suggested that vaginal sexual activity is a complex behavior that could have both positive and negative effects on the birth outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Dougherty
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yihong Zhao
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Liu Y, Guan S, Xu H, Zhang N, Huang M, Liu Z. Inflammation biomarkers are associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1175174. [PMID: 37485268 PMCID: PMC10360053 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1175174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and particular inflammatory parameters can be used to predict the incidence of CVD. The aim of this study was to assess the association between fibrinogen (FIB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) and the risk of cardiovascular disease using meta-analysis. Methods PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched with the appropriate strategies to identify observational studies relevant to this meta-analysis. A random-effects model was used to combine inflammation factor-associated outcomes and cardiovascular disease outcomes, except in the case of galectin-3, where a fixed-effects model was used because of less heterogeneity. Location, age, type of cardiovascular disease, and sample size factors were used to explore heterogeneity in stratification and metaregression for subgroup analysis. A case-by-case literature exclusion approach was used for sensitivity analysis. The funnel plot and Begg's test were combined to assess publication bias. Results Thirty-three papers out of 11,456 were screened for inclusion in the analysis. Four inflammation biomarkers were significantly associated with the development of CVD: FIB (OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.15-1.27, P < 0.001; HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.07, P < 0.05), IL-6 (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.10-1.22, P < 0.001), CRP (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.15-1.35, P < 0.001; HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.14-1.25, P < 0.001) and Gal-3 (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.14, P < 0.001). Location factors help explain the source of heterogeneity, and there is publication bias in the Gal-3 related literature. Conclusion Taken together, the current research evidence suggests that high levels of fibrinogen, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and galectin-3 are risk factors for cardiovascular disease and can be used as biomarkers to predict the development of cardiovascular disease to some extent. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42023391844.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Suzhen Guan
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Haiming Xu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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143
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Gotzmann M, Henk P, Stervbo U, Blázquez-Navarro A, Mügge A, Babel N, Westhoff TH. Empagliflozin Reduces Interleukin-6 Levels in Patients with Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4458. [PMID: 37445494 PMCID: PMC10342830 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The inhibition of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of diabetic and non-diabetic patients with heart failure. The underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The present prospective study investigates for the first time the effect of empagliflozin on various soluble markers of inflammation in patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods: We included 50 inpatients with HFrEF and diabetes mellitus type 2. A total of 25 patients received a therapy with the SGLT-2-inhibitor empagliflozin in addition to standard medication; the other 25 patients did not receive empagliflozin and were considered the control group. Quality of life, functional status and soluble immunological parameters in serum were assessed at baseline and after 3 months. Results: The baseline characteristics of both groups revealed no significant differences. Patients on empagliflozin demonstrated a significant improvement in the Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire (baseline 44.2 ± 20.2 vs. 24 ± 17.7; p < 0.001), in distance in the 6-min walk test (baseline 343 ± 145 m vs. 450 ± 115 m; p < 0.001) and in soluble interleukin-6 level (baseline 21.7 ± 21.8 pg/mL vs. 13.7 ± 15.8 pg/mL; p = 0.008). There was no significant change of these or other parameters in the control group (p > 0.05 each). Conclusions: The empagliflozin-induced improvement of quality of life and functional capacity in patients with HFrEF and type 2 diabetes mellitus is accompanied by a substantial reduction of interleukin-6 levels. Thus, anti-inflammatory effects may contribute to the benefits of SGLT-2-inhibitors in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gotzmann
- University Hospital St Josef-Hospital, Cardiology and Rhythmology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Pauline Henk
- University Hospital St Josef-Hospital, Cardiology and Rhythmology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulrik Stervbo
- University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Medical Department 1, Ruhr University Bochum, 44625 Herne, Germany (T.H.W.)
| | - Arturo Blázquez-Navarro
- University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Medical Department 1, Ruhr University Bochum, 44625 Herne, Germany (T.H.W.)
| | - Andreas Mügge
- University Hospital St Josef-Hospital, Cardiology and Rhythmology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Medical Department 1, Ruhr University Bochum, 44625 Herne, Germany (T.H.W.)
| | - Timm H. Westhoff
- University Hospital Marien Hospital Herne, Medical Department 1, Ruhr University Bochum, 44625 Herne, Germany (T.H.W.)
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144
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Weber BN, Giles JT, Liao KP. Shared inflammatory pathways of rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:417-428. [PMID: 37231248 PMCID: PMC10330911 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The association between chronic inflammation and increased risk of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is well established. In the general population, inflammation is an established independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and much interest is placed on controlling inflammation to reduce cardiovascular events. As inflammation encompasses numerous pathways, the development of targeted therapies in RA provides an opportunity to understand the downstream effect of inhibiting specific pathways on cardiovascular risk. Data from these studies can inform cardiovascular risk management in patients with RA, and in the general population. This Review focuses on pro-inflammatory pathways targeted by existing therapies in RA and with mechanistic data from the general population on cardiovascular risk. Specifically, the discussions include the IL-1, IL-6 and TNF pathways, as well as the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling pathway, and the role of these pathways in RA pathogenesis in the joint alongside the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Overall, some robust data support inhibition of IL-1 and IL-6 in decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, with growing data supporting IL-6 inhibition in both patients with RA and the general population to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N Weber
- Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jon T Giles
- Columbia University, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine P Liao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Rheumatology Section, VA Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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145
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Gatto M, Mota GAF, Okoshi MP. Influence of the Immune System on Cardiovascular Disease. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20230398. [PMID: 37586006 PMCID: PMC10464861 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20230398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Gatto
- Departamento de Clínica MédicaFaculdade de Medicina de BotucatuUniversidade Estadual PaulistaBotucatuSPBrasilDepartamento de Clínica Médica – Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP – Brasil
| | - Gustavo Augusto Ferreira Mota
- Departamento de Clínica MédicaFaculdade de Medicina de BotucatuUniversidade Estadual PaulistaBotucatuSPBrasilDepartamento de Clínica Médica – Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP – Brasil
| | - Marina Politi Okoshi
- Departamento de Clínica MédicaFaculdade de Medicina de BotucatuUniversidade Estadual PaulistaBotucatuSPBrasilDepartamento de Clínica Médica – Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP – Brasil
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146
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Fan W, Lan S, Yang Y, Liang J. Network pharmacology prediction and molecular docking-based strategy to discover the potential pharmacological mechanism of Huang-Qi-Gui-Zhi-Wu-Wu decoction against deep vein thrombosis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:475. [PMID: 37391801 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction (HQGZWWD) has been used to treat and prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in China. However, its potential mechanisms of action remain unclear. This study aimed to utilize network pharmacology and molecular docking technology to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of action of HQGZWWD in DVT. METHODS We identified the main chemical components of HQGZWWD by reviewing the literature and using a Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. We used GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases to identify the targets of DVT. Herb-disease-gene-target networks using Cytascape 3.8.2 software; a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by combining drug and disease targets on the STRING platform. Additionally, we conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Finally, molecular docking verification of active components and core protein targets was conducted. RESULTS A total of 64 potential targets related to DVT were identified in HQGZWWD, with 41 active components; quercetin, kaempferol, and beta-sitosterol were the most effective compounds. The PPI network analysis revealed that AKT1, IL1B, and IL6 were the most abundant proteins with the highest degree. GO analysis indicated that DVT treatment with HQGZWWD could involve the response to inorganic substances, positive regulation of phosphorylation, plasma membrane protein complexes, and signaling receptor regulator activity. KEGG analysis revealed that the signaling pathways included pathways in cancer, lipid and atherosclerosis, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/protein kinase B(PI3K-Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. The molecular docking results indicated that quercetin, kaempferol, and beta-sitosterol exhibited strong binding affinities for AKT1, IL1B, and IL6. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that AKT1, IL1B, and IL6 are promising targets for treating DVT with HQGZWWD. The active components of HQGZWWD likely responsible for its effectiveness against DVT are quercetin, kaempferol, and beta-sitosterol, they may inhibit platelet activation and endothelial cell apoptosis by regulating the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, slowing the progression of DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Provincial Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuangli Lan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunkang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Sichuan Provincial Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Luzhou, China.
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
- Sichuan Provincial Laboratory of Orthopaedic Engineering, Luzhou, China.
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147
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Burger PM, Pradhan AD, Dorresteijn JAN, Koudstaal S, Teraa M, de Borst GJ, van der Meer MG, Mosterd A, Ridker PM, Visseren FLJ. C-Reactive Protein and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Patients with Various Cardiovascular Disease Locations. Am J Cardiol 2023; 197:13-23. [PMID: 37218417 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but less is known about the relation between inflammation and outcomes in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CeVD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This study assessed the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and clinical outcomes in patients with CAD (n = 4,517), CeVD (n = 2,154), PAD (n = 1,154), and AAA (n = 424) from the prospective Utrecht Cardiovascular Cohort-Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease study. The primary outcome was recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD), defined as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or cardiovascular death. Secondary outcomes were major adverse limb events and all-cause mortality. Associations between baseline CRP and outcomes were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, smoking, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glomerular filtration rate. Results were stratified by CVD location. During a median follow-up of 9.5 years, 1,877 recurrent CVD events, 887 major adverse limb events, and 2,341 deaths were observed. CRP was independently associated with recurrent CVD (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 mg/L 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05 to 1.10), and all secondary outcomes. Compared with the first quintile of CRP, HRs for recurrent CVD were 1.60 (95% CI 1.35 to 1.89) for the last quintile ≤10 mg/L and 1.90 (95% CI 1.58 to 2.29) for the subgroup with CRP >10 mg/L. CRP was associated with recurrent CVD in patients with CAD (HR per 1 mg/L 1.08, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.11), CeVD (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.10), PAD (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.13), and AAA (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.15). The association between CRP and all-cause mortality was stronger for patients with CAD (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.16) than for patients with other CVD locations (HRs 1.06 to 1.08; p = 0.002). Associations remained consistent beyond 15 years after the CRP measurement. In conclusion, greater CRP is independently associated with an increased risk of recurrent CVD and mortality, irrespective of previous CVD location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M Burger
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aruna D Pradhan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jannick A N Dorresteijn
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Koudstaal
- Department of Cardiology, Green Heart Hospital, Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Teraa
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Manon G van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Mosterd
- Department of Cardiology, Meander Medical Centre, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank L J Visseren
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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148
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Nolde M, Alayash Z, Reckelkamm SL, Kocher T, Ehmke B, Holtfreter B, Baurecht H, Georgakis MK, Baumeister SE. Downregulation of interleukin 6 signaling might reduce the risk of periodontitis: a drug target Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1160148. [PMID: 37342352 PMCID: PMC10277556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1160148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is considered to play a role in the dysbiotic host response in the development of periodontitis. While the inhibition of the IL-6 receptor using monoclonal antibodies is a well-established therapy for some diseases, so far, its potential benefit in patients with periodontitis has not been examined. We tested the association of genetically proxied downregulation of IL-6 signaling with periodontitis to explore whether downregulation of IL-6 signaling could represent a viable treatment target for periodontitis. Materials and methods As proxies for IL-6 signaling downregulation, we selected 52 genetic variants in close vicinity of the gene encoding IL-6 receptor that were associated with lower circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 575 531 participants of European ancestry from the UK Biobank and the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium. Associations with periodontitis were tested with inverse-variance weighted Mendelian randomization in a study of 17 353 cases and 28 210 controls of European descent in the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) consortium. In addition, the effect of CRP reduction independent of the IL-6 pathway was assessed. Results Genetically proxied downregulation of IL-6 signaling was associated with lower odds of periodontitis (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81 per 1-unit decrement in log-CRP levels; 95% confidence interval (CI): [0.66;0.99]; P = 0.0497). Genetically proxied reduction of CRP independent of the IL-6 pathway had a similar effect (OR = 0.81; 95% CI: [0.68; 0.98]; P = 0.0296). Conclusion In conclusion, genetically proxied downregulation of IL-6 signaling was associated with lower odds of periodontitis and CRP might be a causal target for the effect of IL-6 on the risk of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nolde
- Institute of Health Services Research in Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Zoheir Alayash
- Institute of Health Services Research in Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Lars Reckelkamm
- Institute of Health Services Research in Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ehmke
- Clinic for Periodontology and Conservative Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Baurecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marios K. Georgakis
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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149
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Wadström BN, Pedersen KM, Wulff AB, Nordestgaard BG. Inflammation compared to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: two different causes of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Lipidol 2023; 34:96-104. [PMID: 36752631 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammation is gaining attention as a target for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The purpose of this review is to compare the evidence for inflammation with the evidence for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in ASCVD. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence from human genetic studies and randomized controlled trials implicate the inflammatory pathway from the inflammasome through interleukin (IL)-1 to IL-6 as a cause of ASCVD. Higher levels of IL-6 may lead to proportionally increased risk of ASCVD, and randomized controlled trials of IL-6 inhibitors are underway. The causal evidence for LDL cholesterol in ASCVD is overwhelming and recent important findings instead revolve around development of improved LDL cholesterol lowering therapy through RNA and DNA based therapeutics. Even though some lipid-lowering therapies lower IL-6, the IL-6 inflammatory pathway and LDL cholesterol are two separate causes of ASCVD. SUMMARY IL-6 mediated inflammation most likely causes ASCVD, in parallel with LDL cholesterol. However, fewer individuals in the general population are exposed to high IL-6 than high LDL cholesterol. For inflammation, future research should focus on improving efficacy and safety of anti-inflammatory therapy, and for LDL cholesterol, future research should focus on wider and more effective implementation of LDL cholesterol lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Wadström
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper M Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders B Wulff
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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150
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Meccanici F, Thijssen CGE, Dekker S, Bons LR, Gökalp AL, de Rijke YB, Takkenberg JJM, Mokhles MM, Bekkers JA, Boersma E, Bouwens E, van der Bosch AE, van Kimmenade RRL, Roos-Hesselink JW. Circulating biomarkers associated with aortic diameter in male and female patients with thoracic aortic disease: a cross-sectional study. Open Heart 2023; 10:e002317. [PMID: 37385730 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2023-002317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As thoracic aortic disease (TAD) is generally asymptomatic, biomarkers are needed to provide insight into early progression. We aimed to examine the association between circulating blood biomarkers and the maximal thoracic aortic diameter (TADmax). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, consecutive adult patients with a thoracic aortic diameter ≥40 mm and/or genetically proven hereditary TAD (HTAD) visiting our specialised outpatient clinic between 2017 and 2020 were prospectively included. Venous blood sampling and CT angiography and/or transthoracic echocardiography of the aorta were performed. Linear regression analyses were performed and estimates were presented as mean difference in TADmax in mm per doubling of standardised biomarker level. RESULTS In total, 158 patients were included (median age 61 (50.3-68.8) years, 37.3% female). HTAD diagnosis was confirmed in 36 of 158 (22.7%) patients. TADmax was 43.9±5.2 mm in men vs 41.9±5.1 in women (p=0.030). In unadjusted analysis, significant associations with TADmax were found for interleukin-6 (1.15 (95% CI 0.33 to 1.96), p=0.006), growth differentiation factor-15 (1.01 (95% CI 0.18 to 1.84), p=0.018), microfibrillar-associated protein 4 (MFAP4) (-0.88 (95% CI -1.71 to 0.05), p=0.039) and triiodothyronine (T3) (-2.00 (95%CI -3.01 to 0.99), p<0.001). The association of MFAP4 with TADmax was stronger in women (p for interaction=0.020) and for homocysteine, an inverse association with TADmax was observed when compared with men (p for interaction=0.008). When adjusted for age, sex, hyperlipidaemia and HTAD, total cholesterol (1.10 (95% CI 0.27 to 1.93), p=0.010) and T3 (-1.20 (95% CI -2.14 to 0.25), p=0.014) were significantly associated with TADmax. CONCLUSIONS Circulating biomarkers indicative of inflammation, lipid metabolism and thyroid function might be associated with TAD severity. Possible distinct biomarker patterns for men and women warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlijn G E Thijssen
- Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cardiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvy Dekker
- Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lidia R Bons
- Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen L Gökalp
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda B de Rijke
- Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mostafa M Mokhles
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos A Bekkers
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Boersma
- Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elke Bouwens
- Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Roland R L van Kimmenade
- Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cardiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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