101
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Li D, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Guan S, Gong X, Wang X. Maternal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) causes liver toxicity through PPAR-α pathway and lowered histone acetylation in female offspring mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18866-18875. [PMID: 31062244 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the liver toxicity in female offspring mice induced by maternal exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Fifty pregnant Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 of each, which were treated with 0.2 mL PFOA solution dissolved with deionized water at 0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg BW, respectively, from the pregnancy day (PND) 0 to day 17. Female offspring mice were sacrificed to collect serum and liver at postpartum day 21. The results showed that PFOA significantly reduced the body weight at weaning and the survival rate of the female offspring mice (P < 0.01) increased the liver index of the pups (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, PFOA also caused hepatic bleeding, local necrosis, and enlargement of hepatocytes and vacuolization. The levels of serum AST, ALT, SOD, and CAT in PFOA treatment group were upregulated significantly (P < 0.01). The expressions of Acot1, Acox1, and Acsl1 genes were increased significantly (P < 0.01). The expression of PPAR-α gene was decreased significantly (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the expression of Cpt1a gene among the 5 groups. HAT activity was reduced significantly and HDAC activity was increased significantly. The expression of anti-acetyl-histone H3 and acetyl-histone H4 was reduced significantly. Thus, our findings indicate that exposure to PFOA during pregnancy affects the growth and development of the pups and causes liver damage, disrupting the secretion of enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation induced by PPAR-α, leading to liver oxidative stress and a decrease in the degree of histone acetylation. Elevated HDAC may aggravate downstream fatty acid metabolism disorders through PPAR-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Linchao Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Shuo Guan
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xincheng Gong
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, China.
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102
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Chapuis N, Poulain L, Birsen R, Tamburini J, Bouscary D. Rationale for Targeting Deregulated Metabolic Pathways as a Therapeutic Strategy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:405. [PMID: 31192118 PMCID: PMC6540604 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a common cancer cell phenotype as it sustains growth and proliferation. Targeting metabolic activities offers a wide range of therapeutic possibilities which are applicable to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Indeed, in addition to the IDH1/2-mutated AML model which established the proof-of-concept for specifically targeting metabolic adaptations in AML, several recent reports have expanded the scope of such strategies in these diseases. This review highlights recent findings on metabolic deregulation in AML and summarizes their implications in leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chapuis
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France
| | - Laury Poulain
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France
| | - Rudy Birsen
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France
| | - Jerome Tamburini
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Didier Bouscary
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Paris, France
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103
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Verovskaya EV, Dellorusso PV, Passegué E. Losing Sense of Self and Surroundings: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Aging and Leukemic Transformation. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:494-515. [PMID: 31109796 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to functional decline of the hematopoietic system, manifested by an increased incidence of hematological disease in the elderly. Deterioration of hematopoietic integrity with age originates in part from the degraded functionality of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we review recent findings identifying changes in metabolic programs and loss of epigenetic identity as major drivers of old HSC dysfunction and their role in promoting leukemia onset in the context of age-related clonal hematopoiesis (ARCH). We discuss how inflammatory and growth signals from the aged bone marrow (BM) microenvironment contribute to cell-intrinsic HSC aging phenotypes and favor leukemia development. Finally, we address how metabolic, epigenetic, and inflammatory pathways could be targeted to enhance old HSC fitness and prevent leukemic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia V Verovskaya
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paul V Dellorusso
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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104
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Punekar S, Cho DC. Novel Therapeutics Affecting Metabolic Pathways. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2019; 39:e79-e87. [PMID: 31099667 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_238499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are known to have distinct metabolic characteristics compared with normal cells, given the catabolic and anabolic demands of increased cell growth and proliferation. This altered metabolism in cancer cells imbues differential dependencies, and substantial effort has been invested in developing therapeutic strategies to exploit these potential vulnerabilities. Parallel to these efforts has been a growing appreciation for the presence of notable intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity. Although many novel agents are showing some promising results in targeting specific metabolic processes, the challenge moving forward will be to develop combination strategies to address the aforementioned metabolic heterogeneity and its interplay with both epigenetic and immune factors in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss recent developments in targeting tumor catabolism, lipid biosynthesis, glycolysis, and the citric acid cycle as well as efforts to combine these approaches with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel C Cho
- 1 Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone, New York, NY
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105
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Jagust P, de Luxán-Delgado B, Parejo-Alonso B, Sancho P. Metabolism-Based Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:203. [PMID: 30967773 PMCID: PMC6438930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer heterogeneity constitutes the major source of disease progression and therapy failure. Tumors comprise functionally diverse subpopulations, with cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the source of this heterogeneity. Since these cells bear in vivo tumorigenicity and metastatic potential, survive chemotherapy and drive relapse, its elimination may be the only way to achieve long-term survival in patients. Thanks to the great advances in the field over the last few years, we know now that cellular metabolism and stemness are highly intertwined in normal development and cancer. Indeed, CSCs show distinct metabolic features as compared with their more differentiated progenies, though their dominant metabolic phenotype varies across tumor entities, patients and even subclones within a tumor. Following initial works focused on glucose metabolism, current studies have unveiled particularities of CSC metabolism in terms of redox state, lipid metabolism and use of alternative fuels, such as amino acids or ketone bodies. In this review, we describe the different metabolic phenotypes attributed to CSCs with special focus on metabolism-based therapeutic strategies tested in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Jagust
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz de Luxán-Delgado
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Parejo-Alonso
- Traslational Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patricia Sancho
- Centre for Stem Cells in Cancer and Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Traslational Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
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106
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Masarwi M, DeSchiffart A, Ham J, Reagan MR. Multiple Myeloma and Fatty Acid Metabolism. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10173. [PMID: 30918920 PMCID: PMC6419611 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for 13% to 15% of all blood cancers1 and is characterized by the proliferation of malignant cells within the bone marrow (BM). Despite important advances in treatment, most patients become refractory and relapse with the disease. As MM tumors grow in the BM, they disrupt hematopoiesis, create monoclonal protein spikes in the blood, initiate systemic organ and immune system shutdown,2 and induce painful osteolytic lesions caused by overactive osteoclasts and inhibited osteoblasts.3, 4 MM cells are also extremely dependent on the BM niche, and targeting the BM niche has been clinically transformative for inhibiting the positive-feedback "vicious cycle" between MM cells and osteoclasts that leads to bone resorption and tumor proliferation.5, 6, 7, 8 Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are dynamic, secretory cells that have complex effects on osteoblasts and tumor cells, but their role in modifying the MM cell phenotype is relatively unexplored.9, 10, 11, 12, 13 Given their active endocrine function, capacity for direct cell-cell communication, correlation with aging and obesity (both MM risk factors), potential roles in bone disease, and physical proximity to MM cells, it appears that BMAs support MM cells.14, 15, 16, 17 This supposition is based on research from many laboratories, including our own. Therapeutically targeting the BMA may prove to be equally transformative in the clinic if the pathways through which BMAs affect MM cells can be determined. In this review, we discuss the potential for BMAs to provide free fatty acids to myeloma cells to support their growth and evolution. We highlight certain proteins in MM cells responsible for fatty acid uptake and oxidation and discuss the potential for therapeutically targeting fatty acid metabolism or BMAs from where they may be derived. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdi Masarwi
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMEUSA
| | - Abigail DeSchiffart
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMEUSA
| | - Justin Ham
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMEUSA
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMEUSA
- University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and EngineeringOronoMEUSA
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical SciencesTufts UniversityBostonMAUSA
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107
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Castelli G, Pelosi E, Testa U. Emerging Therapies for Acute Myelogenus Leukemia Patients Targeting Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E260. [PMID: 30813354 PMCID: PMC6406361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease of the hematopoietic cells, characterized by impaired differentiation and uncontrolled clonal expansion of myeloid progenitors/precursors, resulting in bone marrow failure and impaired normal hematopoiesis. AML comprises a heterogeneous group of malignancies, characterized by a combination of different somatic genetic abnormalities, some of which act as events driving leukemic development. Studies carried out in the last years have shown that AML cells invariably have abnormalities in one or more apoptotic pathways and have identified some components of the apoptotic pathway that can be targeted by specific drugs. Clinical results deriving from studies using B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) inhibitors in combination with standard AML agents, such as azacytidine, decitabine, low-dose cytarabine, provided promising results and strongly support the use of these agents in the treatment of AML patients, particularly of elderly patients. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptors are frequently deregulated in AML patients and their targeting may represent a promising strategy for development of new treatments. Altered mitochondrial metabolism is a common feature of AML cells, as supported through the discovery of mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene and in mitochondrial electron transport chain and of numerous abnormalities of oxidative metabolism existing in AML subgroups. Overall, these observations strongly support the view that the targeting of mitochondrial apoptotic or metabolic machinery is an appealing new therapeutic perspective in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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108
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Senni N, Savall M, Cabrerizo Granados D, Alves-Guerra MC, Sartor C, Lagoutte I, Gougelet A, Terris B, Gilgenkrantz H, Perret C, Colnot S, Bossard P. β-catenin-activated hepatocellular carcinomas are addicted to fatty acids. Gut 2019; 68:322-334. [PMID: 29650531 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CTNNB1-mutated hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) constitute a major part of human HCC and are largely inaccessible to target therapy. Yet, little is known about the metabolic reprogramming induced by β-catenin oncogenic activation in the liver. We aimed to decipher such reprogramming and assess whether it may represent a new avenue for targeted therapy of CTNNB1-mutated HCC. DESIGN We used mice with hepatocyte-specific oncogenic activation of β-catenin to evaluate metabolic reprogramming using metabolic fluxes on tumourous explants and primary hepatocytes. We assess the role of Pparα in knock-out mice and analysed the consequences of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) using etomoxir. We explored the expression of the FAO pathway in an annotated human HCC dataset. RESULTS β-catenin-activated HCC were not glycolytic but intensively oxidised fatty acids. We found that Pparα is a β-catenin target involved in FAO metabolic reprograming. Deletion of Pparα was sufficient to block the initiation and progression of β-catenin-dependent HCC development. FAO was also enriched in human CTNNB1-mutated HCC, under the control of the transcription factor PPARα. CONCLUSIONS FAO induced by β-catenin oncogenic activation in the liver is the driving force of the β-catenin-induced HCC. Inhibiting FAO by genetic and pharmacological approaches blocks HCC development, showing that inhibition of FAO is a suitable therapeutic approach for CTNNB1-mutated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Senni
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligne Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Savall
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligne Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - David Cabrerizo Granados
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligne Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Clotilde Alves-Guerra
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligne Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Sartor
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligne Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lagoutte
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Angélique Gougelet
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligne Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Terris
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligne Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Pathology Department, APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Gilgenkrantz
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligne Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Christine Perret
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligne Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Colnot
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligne Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Bossard
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligne Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
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109
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Khalid A, Siddiqui AJ, Huang JH, Shamsi T, Musharraf SG. Alteration of Serum Free Fatty Acids are Indicators for Progression of Pre-leukaemia Diseases to Leukaemia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14883. [PMID: 30291286 PMCID: PMC6173776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Leukaemia (AL) is a neoplasm of WBCs (white blood cells). Being an important class of metabolites, alteration in free fatty acids (FFAs) levels play a key role in cancer development and progression. As they involve in cell signaling, maintain membrane integrity, regulate homeostasis and effect cell and tissue functions. Considering this fact, a comprehensive analysis of FFAs was conducted to monitor their alteration in AL, pre-leukaemic diseases and healthy control. Fifteen FFAs were analyzed in 179 serum samples of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), aplastic anemia (APA), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and healthy control using gas chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry (GC-MRM-MS). A multivariate statistical method of random forest (RF) was employed for chemometric analysis. Serum level of two FFAs including C18:0 and C14:0 were found discriminative among all five groups, and between ALL and AML, respectively. Moreover, C14:0 was identified as differentiated FFAs for systematic progression of pre-leukaemic conditions towards AML. C16:0 came as discriminated FFAs between APA and MDS/AML. Over all it was identified that FFAs profile not only become altered in leukaemia but also in pre-leukaemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khalid
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Amna Jabbar Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tahir Shamsi
- National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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110
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Galicia-Vázquez G, Aloyz R. Ibrutinib Resistance Is Reduced by an Inhibitor of Fatty Acid Oxidation in Primary CLL Lymphocytes. Front Oncol 2018; 8:411. [PMID: 30319974 PMCID: PMC6168640 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is an incurable disease, characterized by the accumulation of malignant B-lymphocytes in the blood stream (quiescent state) and homing tissues (where they can proliferate). In CLL, the targeting of B-cell receptor signaling through a Burton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ibrutinib) has rendered outstanding clinical results. However, complete remission is not guaranteed due to drug resistance or relapse, revealing the need for novel approaches for CLL treatment. The characterization of metabolic rewiring in proliferative cancer cells is already being applied for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, but our knowledge of quiescent cell metabolism—relevant for CLL cells—is still fragmentary. Recently, we reported that glutamine metabolism in primary CLL cells bearing the del11q deletion is different from their del11q negative counterparts, making del11q cells especially sensitive to glutaminase and glycolysis inhibitors. In this work, we used our primary CLL lymphocyte bank and compounds interfering with central carbon metabolism to define metabolic traits associated with ibrutinib resistance. We observe a differential basal metabolite uptake linked to ibrutinib resistance, favoring glutamine uptake and catabolism. Upon ibrutinib treatment, the redox balance in ibrutinib resistant cells is shifted toward NADPH accumulation, without an increase in glutamine uptake, suggesting alternative metabolic rewiring such as the activation of fatty acid oxidation. In accordance to this idea, the curtailing of fatty acid oxidation by CPT1 inhibition (etomoxir) re-sensitized resistant cells to ibrutinib. Our results suggest that fatty acid oxidation could be explored as a target to overcome ibrutinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Galicia-Vázquez
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Raquel Aloyz
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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111
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Maher M, Diesch J, Casquero R, Buschbeck M. Epigenetic-Transcriptional Regulation of Fatty Acid Metabolism and Its Alterations in Leukaemia. Front Genet 2018; 9:405. [PMID: 30319689 PMCID: PMC6165860 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years fatty acid metabolism has gained greater attention in haematologic cancers such as acute myeloid leukaemia. The oxidation of fatty acids provides fuel in the form of ATP and NADH, while fatty acid synthesis provides building blocks for cellular structures. Here, we will discuss how leukaemic cells differ from healthy cells in their increased reliance on fatty acid metabolism. In order to understand how these changes are achieved, we describe the main pathways regulating fatty acid metabolism at the transcriptional level and highlight the limited knowledge about related epigenetic mechanisms. We explore these mechanisms in the context of leukaemia and consider the relevance of the bone marrow microenvironment in disease management. Finally, we discuss efforts to interfere with fatty acid metabolism as a therapeutic strategy along with the use of metabolic parameters as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maher
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeannine Diesch
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Casquero
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Barcelona, Spain
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112
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Dropping in on lipid droplets: insights into cellular stress and cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180764. [PMID: 30111611 PMCID: PMC6146295 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) have increasingly become a major topic of research in recent years following its establishment as a highly dynamic organelle. Contrary to the initial view of LDs being passive cytoplasmic structures for lipid storage, studies have provided support on how they act in concert with different organelles to exert functions in various cellular processes. Although lipid dysregulation resulting from aberrant LD homeostasis has been well characterised, how this translates and contributes to cancer progression is poorly understood. This review summarises the different paradigms on how LDs function in the regulation of cellular stress as a contributing factor to cancer progression. Mechanisms employed by a broad range of cancer cell types in differentially utilising LDs for tumourigenesis will also be highlighted. Finally, we discuss the potential of targeting LDs in the context of cancer therapeutics.
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Characterization of Mutations in the Mitochondrial Encoded Electron Transport Chain Complexes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13301. [PMID: 30185817 PMCID: PMC6125587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia is a devastating and heterogeneous, hematological malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of undifferentiated myeloid progenitor cells—blasts. Mutations in certain mitochondrial proteins, such as IDH2 have been shown to contribute to leukemogenesis. However, the role of mutations in mitochondrial-encoded Electron Transport Chain (ETC) genes have thus far not been well elucidated in AML. Here, we use TCGA data to characterize mutations in the ETC genes and their association with clinical outcomes in AML. We found that mitochondrial ETC mutations—in Complex I, III, IV and/or V (ATP Synthase)—were present in 8% of patients with AML and were significantly more frequent in older patients. Patients with ETC mutations had worse overall survival than ETC wild type patients (OS: 9.3 vs 20.1 months; p-value: 0.007). Additionally, mutations in either or both Complex I and IV were associated with TP53 mutations (p-value: 0.009), and among TP53 mutated patients, mutations in either or both Complex I and IV were significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS: 0.85 vs 9.4 months; p-value: 0.008). Elucidation of the mechanisms by which ETC mutations contribute to AML pathogenesis and progression would facilitate the development of novel therapeutic targets.
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114
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CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidation promotes colorectal cancer cell metastasis by inhibiting anoikis. Oncogene 2018; 37:6025-6040. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0384-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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115
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Xu S, Catapang A, Braas D, Stiles L, Doh HM, Lee JT, Graeber TG, Damoiseaux R, Shirihai O, Herschman HR. A precision therapeutic strategy for hexokinase 1-null, hexokinase 2-positive cancers. Cancer Metab 2018; 6:7. [PMID: 29988332 PMCID: PMC6022704 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-018-0181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Precision medicine therapies require identification of unique molecular cancer characteristics. Hexokinase (HK) activity has been proposed as a therapeutic target; however, different hexokinase isoforms have not been well characterized as alternative targets. While HK2 is highly expressed in the majority of cancers, cancer subtypes with differential HK1 and HK2 expression have not been characterized for their sensitivities to HK2 silencing. Methods HK1 and HK2 expression in the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia dataset was analyzed. A doxycycline-inducible shRNA silencing system was used to examine the effect of HK2 knockdown in cultured cells and in xenograft models of HK1−HK2+ and HK1+HK2+ cancers. Glucose consumption and lactate production rates were measured to monitor HK activity in cell culture, and 18F-FDG PET/CT was used to monitor HK activity in xenograft tumors. A high-throughput screen was performed to search for synthetically lethal compounds in combination with HK2 inhibition in HK1−HK2+ liver cancer cells, and a combination therapy for liver cancers with this phenotype was developed. A metabolomic analysis was performed to examine changes in cellular energy levels and key metabolites in HK1−HK2+ cells treated with this combination therapy. The CRISPR Cas9 method was used to establish isogenic HK1+HK2+ and HK1−HK2+ cell lines to evaluate HK1−HK2+ cancer cell sensitivity to the combination therapy. Results Most tumors express both HK1 and HK2, and subsets of cancers from a wide variety of tissues of origin express only HK2. Unlike HK1+HK2+ cancers, HK1−HK2+ cancers are sensitive to HK2 silencing-induced cytostasis. Synthetic lethality was achieved in HK1−HK2+ liver cancer cells, by the combination of DPI, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, and HK2 inhibition, in HK1−HK2+ liver cancer cells. Perhexiline, a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor, further sensitizes HK1−HK2+ liver cancer cells to the complex I/HK2-targeted therapeutic combination. Although HK1+HK2+ lung cancer H460 cells are resistant to this therapeutic combination, isogenic HK1KOHK2+ cells are sensitive to this therapy. Conclusions The HK1−HK2+ cancer subsets exist among a wide variety of cancer types. Selective inhibition of the HK1−HK2+ cancer cell-specific energy production pathways (HK2-driven glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation), due to the unique presence of only the HK2 isoform, appears promising to treat HK1−HK2+ cancers. This therapeutic strategy will likely be tolerated by most normal tissues, where only HK1 is expressed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40170-018-0181-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shili Xu
- 1Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Arthur Catapang
- 1Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Daniel Braas
- 1Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,3UCLA Metabolomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- 6Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Hanna M Doh
- 1Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Jason T Lee
- 1Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,4Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,5Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- 1Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,3UCLA Metabolomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,4Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,5Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- 1Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,7California NanoSystems Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Orian Shirihai
- 6Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Harvey R Herschman
- 1Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,2Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,4Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,5Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,8Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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Counihan JL, Grossman EA, Nomura DK. Cancer Metabolism: Current Understanding and Therapies. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6893-6923. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Counihan
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Grossman
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel K. Nomura
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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117
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Gugiatti E, Tenca C, Ravera S, Fabbi M, Ghiotto F, Mazzarello AN, Bagnara D, Reverberi D, Zarcone D, Cutrona G, Ibatici A, Ciccone E, Darzynkiewicz Z, Fais F, Bruno S. A reversible carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1) inhibitor offsets the proliferation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Haematologica 2018; 103:e531-e536. [PMID: 29930162 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.175414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gugiatti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudya Tenca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Marina Fabbi
- Biotherapies Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy.,Molecular Pathology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea N Mazzarello
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island, Experimental Immunology, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Davide Bagnara
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island, Experimental Immunology, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Daniele Reverberi
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Zarcone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cutrona
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Adalberto Ibatici
- Hematology Unit and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ermanno Ciccone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz
- Brander Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, NY, USA
| | - Franco Fais
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy.,Molecular Pathology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
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118
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Yi M, Li J, Chen S, Cai J, Ban Y, Peng Q, Zhou Y, Zeng Z, Peng S, Li X, Xiong W, Li G, Xiang B. Emerging role of lipid metabolism alterations in Cancer stem cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:118. [PMID: 29907133 PMCID: PMC6003041 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells (TICs) represent a small population of cancer cells with self-renewal and tumor-initiating properties. Unlike the bulk of tumor cells, CSCs or TICs are refractory to traditional therapy and are responsible for relapse or disease recurrence in cancer patients. Stem cells have distinct metabolic properties compared to differentiated cells, and metabolic rewiring contributes to self-renewal and stemness maintenance in CSCs. MAIN BODY Recent advances in metabolomic detection, particularly in hyperspectral-stimulated raman scattering microscopy, have expanded our knowledge of the contribution of lipid metabolism to the generation and maintenance of CSCs. Alterations in lipid uptake, de novo lipogenesis, lipid droplets, lipid desaturation, and fatty acid oxidation are all clearly implicated in CSCs regulation. Alterations on lipid metabolism not only satisfies the energy demands and biomass production of CSCs, but also contributes to the activation of several important oncogenic signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin and Hippo/YAP signaling. In this review, we summarize the current progress in this attractive field and describe some recent therapeutic agents specifically targeting CSCs based on their modulation of lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION Increased reliance on lipid metabolism makes it a promising therapeutic strategy to eliminate CSCs. Targeting key players of fatty acids metabolism shows promising to anti-CSCs and tumor prevention effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yi
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
| | - Junjun Li
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Jing Cai
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Yuanyuan Ban
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Qian Peng
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Shuping Peng
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Cancer Hospital and Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical School, The Central South University, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078 China
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119
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Baci D, Bruno A, Bassani B, Tramacere M, Mortara L, Albini A, Noonan DM. Acetyl-l-carnitine is an anti-angiogenic agent targeting the VEGFR2 and CXCR4 pathways. Cancer Lett 2018; 429:100-116. [PMID: 29678548 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carnitines play an important role in the energy exchange in cells, and are involved in the transport of fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. l-Acetylcarnitine (ALCAR) is an acetic acid ester of carnitine that has higher bioavailability and is considered a fat-burning energizer supplement. We previously found that in serum samples from prostate cancer (PCa) patients, 3 carnitine family members were significantly decreased, suggesting a potential protective role of carnitine against PCa. Several studies support beneficial effects of carnitines on cancer, no study has investigated the activities of carnitine on tumor angiogenesis. We examined whether ALCAR acts as an "angiopreventive" compound and studied the molecular mechanisms involved. We found that ALCAR was able to limit inflammatory angiogenesis by reducing stimulated endothelial cell and macrophage infiltration in vitro and in vivo. Molecularly, we show that ALCAR downregulates VEGF, VEGFR2, CXCL12, CXCR4 and FAK pathways. ALCAR blocked the activation of NF-κB and ICAM-1 and reduced the adhesion of a monocyte cell line to endothelial cells. This is the first study showing that ALCAR has anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties and might be an attractive candidate for cancer angioprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Baci
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Bassani
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Tramacere
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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120
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Matre P, Velez J, Jacamo R, Qi Y, Su X, Cai T, Chan SM, Lodi A, Sweeney SR, Ma H, Davis RE, Baran N, Haferlach T, Su X, Flores ER, Gonzalez D, Konoplev S, Samudio I, DiNardo C, Majeti R, Schimmer AD, Li W, Wang T, Tiziani S, Konopleva M. Inhibiting glutaminase in acute myeloid leukemia: metabolic dependency of selected AML subtypes. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79722-79735. [PMID: 27806325 PMCID: PMC5340236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has been described as a hallmark of transformed cancer cells. In this study, we examined the role of the glutamine (Gln) utilization pathway in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and primary AML samples. Our results indicate that a subset of AML cell lines is sensitive to Gln deprivation. Glutaminase (GLS) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of Gln to glutamate. One of the two GLS isoenzymes, GLS1 is highly expressed in cancer and encodes two different isoforms: kidney (KGA) and glutaminase C (GAC). We analyzed mRNA expression of GLS1 splicing variants, GAC and KGA, in several large AML datasets and identified increased levels of expression in AML patients with complex cytogenetics and within specific molecular subsets. Inhibition of glutaminase by allosteric GLS inhibitor bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide or by novel, potent, orally bioavailable GLS inhibitor CB-839 reduced intracellular glutamate levels and inhibited growth of AML cells. In cell lines and patient samples harboring IDH1/IDH2 (Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2) mutations, CB-839 reduced production of oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate, inducing differentiation. These findings indicate potential utility of glutaminase inhibitors in AML therapy, which can inhibit cell growth, induce apoptosis and/or differentiation in specific leukemia subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Matre
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juliana Velez
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo Jacamo
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Qi
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tianyu Cai
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Steven M Chan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alessia Lodi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Shannon R Sweeney
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Helen Ma
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard Eric Davis
- Lymphoma, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalia Baran
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Xiaohua Su
- Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elsa Renee Flores
- Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Doriann Gonzalez
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sergej Konoplev
- Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ismael Samudio
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development Biologics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Courtney DiNardo
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ravi Majeti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Cancer Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aaron D Schimmer
- Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Hospital / Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Weiqun Li
- Analytical Chemistry, Pharmacology, Spectroscopy, Calithera Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Taotao Wang
- Analytical Chemistry, Pharmacology, Spectroscopy, Calithera Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Departments of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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121
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Metabolic Heterogeneity Evidenced by MRS among Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Multiforme Stem-Like Cells Accounts for Cell Clustering and Different Responses to Drugs. Stem Cells Int 2018. [PMID: 29531533 PMCID: PMC5835274 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3292704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Clustering of patient-derived glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) through unsupervised analysis of metabolites detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) evidenced three subgroups, namely clusters 1a and 1b, with high intergroup similarity and neural fingerprints, and cluster 2, with a metabolism typical of commercial tumor lines. In addition, subclones generated by the same GSC line showed different metabolic phenotypes. Aerobic glycolysis prevailed in cluster 2 cells as demonstrated by higher lactate production compared to cluster 1 cells. Oligomycin, a mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor, induced high lactate extrusion only in cluster 1 cells, where it produced neutral lipid accumulation detected as mobile lipid signals by MRS and lipid droplets by confocal microscopy. These results indicate a relevant role of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation for energy production in GSCs. On the other hand, further metabolic differences, likely accounting for different therapy responsiveness observed after etomoxir treatment, suggest that caution must be used in considering patient treatment with mitochondria FAO blockers. Metabolomics and metabolic profiling may contribute to discover new diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers to be used for personalized therapies.
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122
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Melone MAB, Valentino A, Margarucci S, Galderisi U, Giordano A, Peluso G. The carnitine system and cancer metabolic plasticity. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:228. [PMID: 29445084 PMCID: PMC5833840 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility describes the ability of cells to respond or adapt its metabolism to support and enable rapid proliferation, continuous growth, and survival in hostile conditions. This dynamic character of the cellular metabolic network appears enhanced in cancer cells, in order to increase the adaptive phenotype and to maintain both viability and uncontrolled proliferation. Cancer cells can reprogram their metabolism to satisfy the energy as well as the biosynthetic intermediate request and to preserve their integrity from the harsh and hypoxic environment. Although several studies now recognize these reprogrammed activities as hallmarks of cancer, it remains unclear which are the pathways involved in regulating metabolic plasticity. Recent findings have suggested that carnitine system (CS) could be considered as a gridlock to finely trigger the metabolic flexibility of cancer cells. Indeed, the components of this system are involved in the bi-directional transport of acyl moieties from cytosol to mitochondria and vice versa, thus playing a fundamental role in tuning the switch between the glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Therefore, the CS regulation, at both enzymatic and epigenetic levels, plays a pivotal role in tumors, suggesting new druggable pathways for prevention and treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosa Anna Beatrice Melone
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences, and Aging, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Valentino
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences, and Aging, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, IBAF-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, IBAF-CNR, Naples, Italy.
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Maan M, Peters JM, Dutta M, Patterson AD. Lipid metabolism and lipophagy in cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:582-589. [PMID: 29438712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment can be hypoxic, acidic, and deficient in nutrients, thus causing the metabolism of tumor cells as well as the neighboring stromal cells to be remodelled to facilitate tumor survival, proliferation, and metastasis. Abnormal tumor lipid metabolism is a fairly new field, which has received attention in the past few years. Cross-talk between tumor cells and tumor-associated stromal cells modulates the high metabolic needs of the tumor. Fatty acid turnover is high in tumor cells to meet the energy as well as synthetic requirements of the growing tumor. Lipolysis of lipids stored in lipid droplets was earlier considered to be solely carried out by cytosolic lipases. However recent studies demonstrate that lipophagy (autophagic degradation of lipids by acidic lipases) serves as an alternate pathway for the degradation of lipid droplets. Involvement of lipophagy in lipid turnover makes it a crucial player in tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this review we discuss the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells with special focus on lipid metabolism. We also address the lipid turnover machinery in the tumor cell, especially the lipophagic pathway. Finally, we integrate the current understanding of lipophagy with tumor lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Maan
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Mainak Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, BITS Pilani-Dubai Campus, Academic City, Dubai 345055, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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Abstract
Marrow adipocytes, collectively termed marrow adipose tissue (MAT), reside in the bone marrow in close contact to bone cells and haematopoietic cells. Marrow adipocytes arise from the mesenchymal stem cell and share their origin with the osteoblast. Shifts in the lineage allocation of the mesenchymal stromal cell could potentially explain the association between increased MAT and increased fracture risk in diseases such as postmenopausal osteoporosis, anorexia nervosa and diabetes. Functionally, marrow adipocytes secrete adipokines, such as adiponectin, and cytokines, such as RANK ligand and stem cell factor. These mediators can influence both bone remodelling and haematopoiesis by promoting bone resorption and haematopoietic recovery following chemotherapy. In addition, marrow adipocytes can secrete free fatty acids, acting as a energy supply for bone and haematopoietic cells. However, this induced lipolysis is also used by neoplastic cells to promote survival and proliferation. Therefore, MAT could represent a new therapeutic target for multiple diseases from osteoporosis to leukaemia, although the exact characteristics and role of the marrow adipocyte in health and diseases remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Veldhuis-Vlug
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - C J Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
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Beezhold K, Byersdorfer CA. Targeting immuno-metabolism to improve anti-cancer therapies. Cancer Lett 2017; 414:127-135. [PMID: 29126914 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The immunology community has made significant strides in recent years in using the immune system to target and eliminate cancer. Therapies such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are the standard of care treatment for several malignancies, while therapies incorporating chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells or checkpoint molecule blockade have been revolutionary. However, these approaches are not optimal for all cancers and in some cases, have failed outright. The greatest obstacle to making these therapies more effective may be rooted in one of the most basic concepts of cell biology, metabolism. Research over the last decade has revealed that T cell proliferation and differentiation is intimately linked to robust changes in metabolic activity, delineation of which may provide ways to manipulate the immuno-oncologic responses to our advantage. Here, we provide a basic overview of T cell metabolism, discuss what is known about metabolic regulation of T cells during allogeneic HSCT, point to evidence on the importance of T cell metabolism during CAR T cell and solid tumor therapies, and speculate about the role for compounds that might have dual-action on both immune cells and tumor cells simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Beezhold
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Craig A Byersdorfer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapies, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Endothelial cell metabolism has recently emerged as an important coregulator of angiogenesis and is therefore a promising new target in various angiogenesis-associated illnesses, like cancer. In this review, we discuss recent insights in endothelial cell metabolism in both physiological and pathological conditions and discuss possible translational implications. RECENT FINDINGS Two metabolic pathways that determine the performance of endothelial cells are glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Glycolysis is essential as endothelial cells primarily rely on this pathway for ATP production. 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) is a key regulator of glycolysis in endothelial cells. As endothelial cells increase glycolysis even further during angiogenesis, PFKFB3 also controls vessel sprouting and promotes endothelial cell migration. Moreover, in tumors, additional PFKFB3 upregulation leads to a more immature and dysfunctional vasculature. PFKFB3 blockade therefore results in tumor vessel normalization, with beneficial therapeutic effects on reduced metastasis and improved chemotherapy. Also, FAO stimulates endothelial cell proliferation through affecting DNA synthesis, and is critical for lymphangiogenesis, in part through epigenetic changes in histone acetylation. As FAO is controlled by carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, inhibition of this key enzyme decreases pathological angiogenesis. SUMMARY Both PFKFB3 and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a are key metabolic regulators of vessel sprouting and promising new therapeutic targets in diseases associated with pathological angiogenesis.
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Starkova J, Hermanova I, Hlozkova K, Hararova A, Trka J. Altered Metabolism of Leukemic Cells: New Therapeutic Opportunity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 336:93-147. [PMID: 29413894 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cancer metabolic program alters bioenergetic processes to meet the higher demands of tumor cells for biomass production, nucleotide synthesis, and NADPH-balancing redox homeostasis. It is widely accepted that cancer cells mostly utilize glycolysis, as opposed to normal cells, in which oxidative phosphorylation is the most employed bioenergetic process. Still, studies examining cancer metabolism had been overlooked for many decades, and it was only recently discovered that metabolic alterations affect both the oncogenic potential and therapeutic response. Since most of the published works concern solid tumors, in this comprehensive review, we aim to summarize knowledge about the metabolism of leukemia cells. Leukemia is a malignant disease that ranks first and fifth in cancer-related deaths in children and adults, respectively. Current treatment has reached its limits due to toxicity, and there has been a need for new therapeutic approaches. One of the possible scenarios is improved use of established drugs and another is to introduce new druggable targets. Herein, we aim to describe the complexity of leukemia metabolism and highlight cellular processes that could be targeted therapeutically and enhance the effectiveness of current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Starkova
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Hermanova
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Hlozkova
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Hararova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Trka
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Corbet C, Feron O. Cancer cell metabolism and mitochondria: Nutrient plasticity for TCA cycle fueling. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:7-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Farge T, Saland E, de Toni F, Aroua N, Hosseini M, Perry R, Bosc C, Sugita M, Stuani L, Fraisse M, Scotland S, Larrue C, Boutzen H, Féliu V, Nicolau-Travers ML, Cassant-Sourdy S, Broin N, David M, Serhan N, Sarry A, Tavitian S, Kaoma T, Vallar L, Iacovoni J, Linares LK, Montersino C, Castellano R, Griessinger E, Collette Y, Duchamp O, Barreira Y, Hirsch P, Palama T, Gales L, Delhommeau F, Garmy-Susini BH, Portais JC, Vergez F, Selak M, Danet-Desnoyers G, Carroll M, Récher C, Sarry JE. Chemotherapy-Resistant Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells Are Not Enriched for Leukemic Stem Cells but Require Oxidative Metabolism. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:716-735. [PMID: 28416471 PMCID: PMC5501738 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-resistant human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells are thought to be enriched in quiescent immature leukemic stem cells (LSC). To validate this hypothesis in vivo, we developed a clinically relevant chemotherapeutic approach treating patient-derived xenografts (PDX) with cytarabine (AraC). AraC residual AML cells are enriched in neither immature, quiescent cells nor LSCs. Strikingly, AraC-resistant preexisting and persisting cells displayed high levels of reactive oxygen species, showed increased mitochondrial mass, and retained active polarized mitochondria, consistent with a high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) status. AraC residual cells exhibited increased fatty-acid oxidation, upregulated CD36 expression, and a high OXPHOS gene signature predictive for treatment response in PDX and patients with AML. High OXPHOS but not low OXPHOS human AML cell lines were chemoresistant in vivo. Targeting mitochondrial protein synthesis, electron transfer, or fatty-acid oxidation induced an energetic shift toward low OXPHOS and markedly enhanced antileukemic effects of AraC. Together, this study demonstrates that essential mitochondrial functions contribute to AraC resistance in AML and are a robust hallmark of AraC sensitivity and a promising therapeutic avenue to treat AML residual disease.Significance: AraC-resistant AML cells exhibit metabolic features and gene signatures consistent with a high OXPHOS status. In these cells, targeting mitochondrial metabolism through the CD36-FAO-OXPHOS axis induces an energetic shift toward low OXPHOS and strongly enhanced antileukemic effects of AraC, offering a promising avenue to design new therapeutic strategies and fight AraC resistance in AML. Cancer Discov; 7(7); 716-35. ©2017 AACR.See related commentary by Schimmer, p. 670This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 653.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Farge
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Consortium IMODI "Innovative MODels Initiative against Cancer," France
| | - Estelle Saland
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Consortium IMODI "Innovative MODels Initiative against Cancer," France
| | - Fabienne de Toni
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Consortium IMODI "Innovative MODels Initiative against Cancer," France
| | - Nesrine Aroua
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Consortium IMODI "Innovative MODels Initiative against Cancer," France
| | - Mohsen Hosseini
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Robin Perry
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Claudie Bosc
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mayumi Sugita
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lucille Stuani
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marine Fraisse
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Scotland
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Clément Larrue
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Héléna Boutzen
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Féliu
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Laure Nicolau-Travers
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nicolas Broin
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion David
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nizar Serhan
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Sarry
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France.
| | - Suzanne Tavitian
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Tony Kaoma
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Vallar
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Jason Iacovoni
- Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, U1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia K Linares
- Inserm, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, U1194, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Montersino
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Rémy Castellano
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | | | - Yves Collette
- Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068, Marseille, France
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
- CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Duchamp
- Consortium IMODI "Innovative MODels Initiative against Cancer," France
- Oncodesign, Dijon, France
| | - Yara Barreira
- Consortium IMODI "Innovative MODels Initiative against Cancer," France
- Inserm, Service d'Expérimentation Animale, UMS006, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Hirsch
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMR-S938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, GRC n°07, Groupe de Recherche Clinique sur les Myéloproliférations Aiguës et Chroniques MyPAC, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Tony Palama
- Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques & des Procédés, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
| | - Lara Gales
- Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques & des Procédés, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
| | - François Delhommeau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR-S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMR-S938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, GRC n°07, Groupe de Recherche Clinique sur les Myéloproliférations Aiguës et Chroniques MyPAC, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Barbara H Garmy-Susini
- Inserm, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, U1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- Université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, Toulouse, France
- INRA, UMR792, Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques & des Procédés, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, UMR5504, Toulouse, France
| | - François Vergez
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Consortium IMODI "Innovative MODels Initiative against Cancer," France
| | - Mary Selak
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gwenn Danet-Desnoyers
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Martin Carroll
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christian Récher
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Consortium IMODI "Innovative MODels Initiative against Cancer," France
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- Inserm, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, U1037, Toulouse, France.
- Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Consortium IMODI "Innovative MODels Initiative against Cancer," France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lipid metabolism in cancer cells and tumor-associated stromal cells was recently identified to contribute to disease progression particularly in response to changes in tumor microenvironment such as acidosis and hypoxia. RECENT FINDINGS New molecular mechanisms driving lipid metabolism in various cancers were elicited through genetic silencing, pharmacological inhibition of key metabolic enzymes, including those involved in fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, and modulation of diet composition. SUMMARY To proliferate, metastasize, or resist stress conditions imposed by the microenvironment, many cancer cells rely on fatty acid β-oxidation to generate acetyl-CoA and fuel the TCA cycle, and on fatty acid synthesis to produce building blocks. These processes are fine-tuned through regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylases expression and activity. Stromal cells including lymphocytes, (lymphatic) endothelial cells and adipocytes also participate through either fatty acid transfer or lipid-based signaling to cancer disease progression. Altogether, these data identify critical nodes in the orchestration of lipid metabolism in cancer that may facilitate the design of synthetic-lethal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Corbet
- aPole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium *Olivier Feron and Cyril Corbet equally contributed to this article
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Wang Q, Yan H, Wang G, Qiu Z, Bai B, Wang S, Yu P, Feng Q, Zhao Q, He X, Liu C. RNA sequence analysis of rat acute experimental pancreatitis with and without fatty liver: a gene expression profiling comparative study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:734. [PMID: 28389636 PMCID: PMC5429720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver (FL) is one of the risk factors for acute pancreatitis and is also indicative of a worse prognosis as compared to acute pancreatitis without fatty liver (AP). The aim of the present study was to analyze, at the hepatic level, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between acute pancreatitis with fatty liver (APFL) rats and AP rats. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analyses of these DEGs indicated that PPARα signalling pathway and fatty acid degradation pathway may be involved in the pathological process of APFL, which indicated that fatty liver may aggravate pancreatitis through these pathways. Moreover, the excessive activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway and toll-like receptor signaling pathway was also found in APFL group as shown in heat map. In conclusion, the inhibition of PPARα signaling pathway and the fatty acid degradation pathway may lead to the further disorder of lipid metabolism, which can aggravate pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Hongkai Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201907, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zhaoyan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Bin Bai
- Department of Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, 710032, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Department of Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, 710032, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Department of Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, 710032, China
| | - Quanxin Feng
- Department of Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, 710032, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, 710032, China.
| | - Xianli He
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201907, China. .,Department of Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, 710032, China.
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Pabst T, Kortz L, Fiedler GM, Ceglarek U, Idle JR, Beyoğlu D. The plasma lipidome in acute myeloid leukemia at diagnosis in relation to clinical disease features. BBA CLINICAL 2017; 7:105-114. [PMID: 28331812 PMCID: PMC5357680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early studies established that certain lipids were lower in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells than normal leukocytes. Because lipids are now known to play an important role in cell signaling and regulation of homeostasis, and are often perturbed in malignancies, we undertook a comprehensive lipidomic survey of plasma from AML patients at time of diagnosis and also healthy blood donors. METHODS Plasma lipid profiles were measured using three mass spectrometry platforms in 20 AML patients and 20 healthy blood donors. Data were collected on total cholesterol and fatty acids, fatty acid amides, glycerolipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol esters, coenzyme Q10 and eicosanoids. RESULTS We observed a depletion of plasma total fatty acids and cholesterol, but an increase in certain free fatty acids with the observed decline in sphingolipids, phosphocholines, triglycerides and cholesterol esters probably driven by enhanced fatty acid oxidation in AML cells. Arachidonic acid and precursors were elevated in AML, particularly in patients with high bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blasts and unfavorable prognostic risk. PGF2α was also elevated, in patients with low BM or peripheral blasts and with a favorable prognostic risk. A broad panoply of lipid classes is altered in AML plasma, pointing to disturbances of several lipid metabolic interconversions, in particular in relation to blast cell counts and prognostic risk. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate potential roles played by lipids in AML heterogeneity and disease outcome. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Enhanced catabolism of several lipid classes increases prognostic risk while plasma PGF2α may be a marker for reduced prognostic risk in AML.
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Key Words
- 12-HEPE, 12-hydroxy-5Z,8Z,10E,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid
- 12-LOX, 12-lipoxygenase
- 2HG, (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate
- 2OG, 2-oxoglutarate
- 8,9-DHET, 8,9-dihydroxy-5Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid
- AA, arachidonic acid
- ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- Acute myeloid leukemia
- Blast cell number
- CE, cholesterol ester
- CML, chronic myelogenous leukemia
- CPT1a, carnitine palmitate transferase 1a
- Cer, ceramide
- CoQ10, coenzyme Q10
- DG, diacylglycerol
- DGLA, dihomo-γ-linoleic acid
- DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation
- EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5;5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)
- ESI-, electrospray ionization negative mode
- ESI +, electrospray ionization positive mode
- Eicosanoids
- FAA, fatty acid amide
- FAB, French-American-British classification
- FAME, fatty acid methyl ester
- FAO, fatty acid oxidation
- FLC-QqLIT-MS, fast liquid chromatography-quadrupole linear ion-trap mass spectrometry
- Fatty acids
- GCMS, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
- LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine
- LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine
- Lipidomics
- MG, monoacylglycerol
- MRM, multiple reactions monitoring
- MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid
- OPLS-DA, orthogonal PLS-DA
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PCA, principal components analysis
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- PGF1α, prostaglandin 1α
- PGF2α, prostaglandin F2α
- PGH2, prostaglandin H2
- PLS-DA, projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis
- POEA, palmitoleoyl ethanolamide
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid
- Prognostic risk
- SCD1, stearoyl CoA desaturase 1
- SM, sphingomyelin
- TG, triacylglycerol (triglyceride)
- TxA2, thromboxane A2
- TxB2, thromboxane B2
- UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
- mPGES-1, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pabst
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital Bern, Switzerland
| | - Linda Kortz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg M Fiedler
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital Bern, Switzerland
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jeffrey R Idle
- Hepatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Diren Beyoğlu
- Hepatology Research Group, Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland
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The microenvironment in human myeloid malignancies: emerging concepts and therapeutic implications. Blood 2017; 129:1617-1626. [PMID: 28159735 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-11-696070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to their healthy counterpart, malignant hematopoietic stem cells in myeloid malignancies, such as myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndromes, and acute myeloid leukemia, reside in a highly complex and dynamic cellular microenvironment in the bone marrow. This environment provides key regulatory signals for and tightly controls cardinal features of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), including self-renewal, quiescence, differentiation, and migration. These features are essential to maintaining cellular homeostasis and blood regeneration throughout life. A large number of studies have extensively addressed the composition of the bone marrow niche in mouse models, as well as the cellular and molecular communication modalities at play under both normal and pathogenic situations. Although instrumental to interrogating the complex composition of the HSC niche and dissecting the niche remodeling processes that appear to actively contribute to leukemogenesis, these models may not fully recapitulate the human system due to immunophenotypic, architectural, and functional inter-species variability. This review summarizes several aspects related to the human hematopoietic niche: (1) its anatomical structure, composition, and function in normal hematopoiesis; (2) its alteration and functional relevance in the context of chronic and acute myeloid malignancies; (3) age-related niche changes and their suspected impact on hematopoiesis; (4) ongoing efforts to develop new models to study niche-leukemic cell interaction in human myeloid malignancies; and finally, (5) how the knowledge gained into leukemic stem cell (LSC) niche dependencies might be exploited to devise novel therapeutic strategies that aim at disrupting essential niche-LSC interactions or improve the regenerative ability of the disease-associated hematopoietic niche.
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134
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Alterations in the carnitine cycle in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41824. [PMID: 28150739 PMCID: PMC5288798 DOI: 10.1038/srep41824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disease that leads to intellectual deficit, motor disability, epilepsy and increased risk of sudden death. Although in up to 95% of cases this disease is caused by de novo loss-of-function mutations in the X-linked methyl-CpG binding protein 2 gene, it is a multisystem disease associated also with mitochondrial metabolic imbalance. In addition, the presence of long QT intervals (LQT) on the patients’ electrocardiograms has been associated with the development of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden death. In the attempt to shed light on the mechanism underlying heart failure in RTT, we investigated the contribution of the carnitine cycle to the onset of mitochondrial dysfunction in the cardiac tissues of two subgroups of RTT mice, namely Mecp2+/− NQTc and Mecp2+/− LQTc mice, that have a normal and an LQT interval, respectively. We found that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 A/B and carnitine acylcarnitine translocase were significantly upregulated at mRNA and protein level in the heart of Mecp2+/− mice. Moreover, the carnitine system was imbalanced in Mecp2+/− LQTc mice due to decreased carnitine acylcarnitine transferase expression. By causing accumulation of intramitochondrial acylcarnitines, this imbalance exacerbated incomplete fatty acid oxidation, which, in turn, could contribute to mitochondrial overload and sudden death.
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135
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Expression of Lipid Metabolism-Related Proteins Differs between Invasive Lobular Carcinoma and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010232. [PMID: 28124996 PMCID: PMC5297861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We comparatively investigated the expression and clinical implications of lipid metabolism-related proteins in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. A total of 584 breast cancers (108 ILC and 476 IDC) were subjected to tissue microarray and immunohistochemical analysis for lipid metabolism-related proteins including hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), perilipin A, fatty acid binding protein (FABP)4, carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-1, acyl-CoA oxidase 1, and fatty acid synthetase (FASN). HSL, perilipin A, and FABP4 expression (all p < 0.001) differed significantly: HSL and FABP4 were more frequently present in ILC, whereas perilipin A was more frequently detected in IDC. Among all invasive cancers, HSL and FABP4 were highly expressed in luminal A-type ILC (p < 0.001) and perilipin A in luminal A-type IDC (p = 0.007). Among luminal B-type cancers, HSL and FABP4 were more highly expressed in ILC (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis found associations of shorter disease-free survival with CPT-1 positivity (p = 0.004) and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 positivity (p = 0.032) and of shorter overall survival with acyl-CoA oxidase 1 positivity (p = 0.027). In conclusion, ILC and IDC exhibited different immunohistochemical lipid metabolism-related protein expression profiles. Notably, ILC exhibited high HSL and FABP4 and low perilipin A expression.
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136
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Leukemic blasts program bone marrow adipocytes to generate a protumoral microenvironment. Blood 2017; 129:1320-1332. [PMID: 28049638 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-08-734798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite currently available therapies, most patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) die of their disease. Tumor-host interactions are critical for the survival and proliferation of cancer cells; accordingly, we hypothesize that specific targeting of the tumor microenvironment may constitute an alternative or additional strategy to conventional tumor-directed chemotherapy. Because adipocytes have been shown to promote breast and prostate cancer proliferation, and because the bone marrow adipose tissue accounts for up to 70% of bone marrow volume in adult humans, we examined the adipocyte-leukemia cell interactions to determine if they are essential for the growth and survival of AML. Using in vivo and in vitro models of AML, we show that bone marrow adipocytes from the tumor microenvironment support the survival and proliferation of malignant cells from patients with AML. We show that AML blasts alter metabolic processes in adipocytes to induce phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase and consequently activate lipolysis, which then enables the transfer of fatty acids from adipocytes to AML blasts. In addition, we report that fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) messenger RNA is upregulated in adipocytes and AML when in coculture. FABP4 inhibition using FABP4 short hairpin RNA knockdown or a small molecule inhibitor prevents AML proliferation on adipocytes. Moreover, knockdown of FABP4 increases survival in Hoxa9/Meis1-driven AML model. Finally, knockdown of carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA in an AML patient-derived xenograft model improves survival. Here, we report the first description of AML programming bone marrow adipocytes to generate a protumoral microenvironment.
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137
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Shi J, Fu H, Jia Z, He K, Fu L, Wang W. High Expression of CPT1A Predicts Adverse Outcomes: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. EBioMedicine 2016; 14:55-64. [PMID: 27916548 PMCID: PMC5161445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) protein catalyzes the rate-limiting step of Fatty-acid oxidation (FAO) pathway, which can promote cell proliferation and suppress apoptosis. Targeting CPT1A has shown remarkable anti-leukemia activity. But, its prognostic value remains unclear in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). In two independent cohorts of cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) patients, compared to low expression of CPT1A (CPT1Alow), high expression of CPT1A (CPT1Ahigh) was significantly associated with adverse outcomes, which was also shown in European Leukemia Network (ELN) Intermediate-I category. Multivariable analyses adjusting for known factors confirmed CPT1Ahigh as a high risk factor. Significant associations between CPT1Ahigh and adverse outcomes were further validated whether for all AML patients (OS: P = 0.008; EFS: P = 0.002, n = 334, no M3) or for National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Intermediate-Risk subgroup (OS: P = 0.021, EFS: P = 0.024, n = 173). Multiple omics analysis revealed aberrant alterations of genomics and epigenetics were significantly associated with CPT1A expression, including up- and down-regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressor, activation and inhibition of leukemic (AML, CML) and immune activation pathways, hypermethylation enrichments on CpG island and gene promoter regions. Combined with the previously reported anti-leukemia activity of CPT1A's inhibitor, our results proved CPT1A as a potential prognosticator and therapeutic target for AML. High expression of CPT1A is an adverse prognostic biomarker in AML. Aberrant alterations of genomic and epigenomic patterns are significantly associated with CPT1A expression.
Identification of prognostic biomarkers is essential for therapeutic choice of AML. This study represents direct evidences that high expression of CPT1A is significantly associated with poor outcomes and abnormal genomic and epigenomic patterns in AML patients. CPT1A is an important catalyzer for fatty-acid oxidation pathway, which may provide alternative carbon source for leukemia proliferation. Findings of this study may indicate the significance of fat metabolism in leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine (Chinese PLA General Hospital), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huaping Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhilong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine (Chinese PLA General Hospital), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlun He
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine (Chinese PLA General Hospital), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Weidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine (Chinese PLA General Hospital), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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138
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Sun R, Cao M, Zhang J, Yang W, Wei H, Meng X, Yin L, Pu Y. Benzene Exposure Alters Expression of Enzymes Involved in Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in Male C3H/He Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13111068. [PMID: 27809262 PMCID: PMC5129278 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzene is a well-known hematotoxic carcinogen that can cause leukemia and a variety of blood disorders. Our previous study indicated that benzene disturbs levels of metabolites in the fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) pathway, which is crucial for the maintenance and function of hematopoietic and leukemic cells. The present research aims to investigate the effects of benzene on changes in the expression of key enzymes in the FAO pathway in male C3H/He mice. Results showed that benzene exposure caused reduced peripheral white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), platelet (Pit) counts, and hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration. Investigation of the effects of benzene on the expression of FA transport- and β-oxidation-related enzymes showed that expression of proteins Cpt1a, Crat, Acaa2, Aldh1l2, Acadvl, Crot, Echs1, and Hadha was significantly increased. The ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased in mice exposed to benzene. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly increased in the benzene group. Our results indicate that benzene induces increased expression of FA transport and β-oxidation enzymes, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress, which may play a role in benzene-induced hematotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Meng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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139
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Tcheng M, Samudio I, Lee EA, Minden MD, Spagnuolo PA. The mitochondria target drug avocatin B synergizes with induction chemotherapeutics to induce leukemia cell death. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 58:986-988. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1218005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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140
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Aberrant Lipid Metabolism Promotes Prostate Cancer: Role in Cell Survival under Hypoxia and Extracellular Vesicles Biogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071061. [PMID: 27384557 PMCID: PMC4964437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading malignancy among men in United States. Recent studies have focused on the identification of novel metabolic characteristics of PCa, aimed at devising better preventive and therapeutic approaches. PCa cells have revealed unique metabolic features such as higher expression of several enzymes associated with de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid up-take and β-oxidation. This aberrant lipid metabolism has been reported to be important for PCa growth, hormone-refractory progression and treatment resistance. Furthermore, PCa cells effectively use lipid metabolism under adverse environmental conditions for their survival advantage. Specifically, hypoxic cancer cells accumulate higher amount of lipids through a combination of metabolic alterations including high glutamine and fatty acid uptake, as well as decreased fatty acid oxidation. These stored lipids serve to protect cancer cells from oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and play important roles in fueling cancer cell proliferation following re-oxygenation. Lastly, cellular lipids have also been implicated in extracellular vesicle biogenesis, which play a vital role in intercellular communication. Overall, the new understanding of lipid metabolism in recent years has offered several novel targets to better target and manage clinical PCa.
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141
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Fatty acid oxidation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I: emerging therapeutic targets in cancer. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2226. [PMID: 27195673 PMCID: PMC4917665 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells exhibit unique metabolic adaptations that are increasingly viewed as potential targets for novel and specific cancer therapies. Among these targets, the carnitine palmitoyltransferase system is responsible for delivering the long-chain fatty acid (FA) from cytoplasm into mitochondria for oxidation, where carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPTI) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). With increasing understanding of the crucial role had by fatty acid oxidation in cancer, CPTI has received renewed attention as a pivotal mediator in cancer metabolic mechanism. CPTI activates FAO and fuels cancer growth via ATP and NADPH production, constituting an essential part of cancer metabolism adaptation. Moreover, CPTI also functionally intertwines with other key pathways and factors to regulate gene expression and apoptosis of cancer cell. Here, we summarize recent findings and update the current understanding of FAO and CPTI in cancer and provide theoretical basis for this enzyme as an emerging potential molecular target in cancer therapeutic intervention.
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142
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Oxidative stress and hypoxia in normal and leukemic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:540-60. [PMID: 27179622 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The main hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions, self-renewal and differentiation, are finely regulated by both intrinsic mechanisms such as transcriptional and epigenetic regulators and extrinsic signals originating in the bone marrow microenvironment (HSC niche) or in the body (humoral mediators). The interaction between regulatory signals and cellular metabolism is an emerging area. Several metabolic pathways function differently in HSCs compared with progenitors and differentiated cells. Hypoxia, acting through hypoxia-inducing factors, has emerged as a key regulator of stem cell biology and acts by maintaining HSC quiescence and a condition of metabolic dormancy based on anaerobic glycolytic energetic metabolism, with consequent low production reactive oxygen species (ROS) and high antioxidant defense. Hematopoietic cell differentiation is accompanied by changes in oxidative metabolism (decrease of anaerobic glycolysis and increase of oxidative phosphorylation) and increased levels of ROS. Leukemic stem cells, defined as the cells that initiate and maintain the leukemic process, show peculiar metabolic properties in that they are more dependent on oxidative respiration than on glycolysis and are more sensitive to oxidative stress than normal HSCs. Several mitochondrial abnormalities have been described in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, explaining the shift to aerobic glycolysis observed in these cells and offering the unique opportunity for therapeutic metabolic targeting. Finally, frequent mutations of the mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) enzyme are observed in AML cells, in which the mutated enzyme acts as an oncogenic driver and can be targeted using specific inhibitors under clinical evaluation with promising results.
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143
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Jiang Y, Nakada D. Cell intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of leukemia cell metabolism. Int J Hematol 2016; 103:607-16. [PMID: 26897135 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-1958-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis is a fundamental property of cells that becomes dysregulated in cancer to meet the altered, often heightened, demand for metabolism for increased growth and proliferation. Oncogenic mutations can directly change cellular metabolism in a cell-intrinsic manner, priming cells for malignancy. Additionally, cell-extrinsic cues from the microenvironment, such as hypoxia, nutrient availability, oxidative stress, and crosstalk from surrounding cells can also affect cancer cell metabolism, and produce metabolic heterogeneity within the tumor. Here, we highlight recent findings revealing the complexity and adaptability of leukemia cells to coordinate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajian Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daisuke Nakada
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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144
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Lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e189. [PMID: 26807644 PMCID: PMC4728678 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 920] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human diseases, including metabolic, immune and central nervous system disorders, as well as cancer, are the consequence of an alteration in lipid metabolic enzymes and their pathways. This illustrates the fundamental role played by lipids in maintaining membrane homeostasis and normal function in healthy cells. We reviewed the major lipid dysfunctions occurring during tumor development, as determined using systems biology approaches. In it, we provide detailed insight into the essential roles exerted by specific lipids in mediating intracellular oncogenic signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress and bidirectional crosstalk between cells of the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells. Finally, we summarize the advances in ongoing research aimed at exploiting the dependency of cancer cells on lipids to abolish tumor progression.
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145
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146
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Bizzozero OA, Soto EF, Pasquini JM. Mechanisms of transport and assembly of myelin proteins. Cancer Lett 1985; 435:92-100. [PMID: 6240910 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out in order to obtain further information regarding the mechanism of transport and assembly of myelin proteins in different subcellular fractions isolated from brain slices incubated in vitro with radioactive amino acids under different experimental conditions. It was found that proteolipid protein (PLP) showed a lag in the entry into the myelin membrane, while basic and Wolfgram proteins appeared to be inserted in this structure immediately after their synthesis. Addition of 500 microM colchicine to the incubation medium blocked the transport of PLP, while the entry of the other proteins was not affected. Pulse-chase experiments using cycloheximide suggest that a precursor-product relationship between microsomes, fraction SN4 and myelin exists only for PLP. The results obtained allow us to draw the following conclusions: The delay in the entry of PLP into myelin membrane is probably due to the time required for its transport towards the final site of assembly; the microtubular network of the oligodendroglial cell is directly involved in the transport of PLP; basic and probably Wolfgram proteins follow a route which clearly differs from that of PLP; delivery of myelin proteins from the site of synthesis towards their site of deposition depends, at least, on two different mechanisms of intracellular transport.
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147
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Desbats MA, Giacomini I, Prayer-Galetti T, Montopoli M. Iron granules in plasma cells. J Clin Pathol 1982; 10:281. [PMID: 32211323 PMCID: PMC7068907 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy is the first cause of cancer-associated death. Thus, new strategies to deal with the evasion of drug response and to improve clinical outcomes are needed. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms associated with uncontrolled cell growth result in metabolism reprogramming. Cancer cells enhance anabolic pathways and acquire the ability to use different carbon sources besides glucose. An oxygen and nutrient-poor tumor microenvironment determines metabolic interactions among normal cells, cancer cells and the immune system giving rise to metabolically heterogeneous tumors which will partially respond to metabolic therapy. Here we go into the best-known cancer metabolic profiles and discuss several studies that reported tumors sensitization to chemotherapy by modulating metabolic pathways. Uncovering metabolic dependencies across different chemotherapy treatments could help to rationalize the use of metabolic modulators to overcome therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andrea Desbats
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Isabella Giacomini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Monica Montopoli
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Monica Montopoli
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